we analyze the damage effect of different fragments of tank weapon system. The fragment penetrating 125mm smoothbore tube as an example, we established the simulation modeling and setting the initial conditions for the calculation of the. Numerical simulation of damage of fragment penetrating the gun tube by using ANSYS software, we analyze the damage assessment parameters. By using multiple regression method to analyze the results, we conclude that damage rule fragment penetration of gun tube.


In Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine , McCarthy and colleagues share the results of their retrospective cohort study evaluating the effects of implementing additional transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks to a robust enhanced recovery protocol on opioid consumption and other perioperative


In tracheobronchial tree, neurilemmomas are exceedingly rare tumors and their diagnoses are always delayed due to insidious and non-specific clinical presentation. We report a case of primary tracheal neurilemmoma in a middle-aged man who has had intractable cough and breathlessness for over 2 months. Physical examination was normal except for auscultated wheezes. Pulmonary function test suggested a platform-like change of expiratory phase and chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a nodule occupying 20% of the lumen in upper trachea. Then the mass was resected with snares and confirmed as neurilemmoma histologically. The patient reported symptomatic relief after the endoscopic intervention. This case shows that pulmonary function test may reveal an upper airway obstruction and aid in the early diagnosis of tracheal neurilemmomas. Moreover, clinicians should consider the possibility of tracheal masses when patients present with intractable asthmatic symptoms.


To the Editor: There is ongoing litigation about whether the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) restrains competition for residents and suppresses wages. 1 Although the legal issues have been discussed in detail, 2,3 the basic economic question is whether a market organized by a match results in lower wages than if there were no match. We compared similar markets for postgraduate medical fellowships that operate with and without a match. Methods. Some subspecialties of internal medicine use the Medical Specialties Matching Program (MSMP), while others use no centralized match. We purchased from the American Medical Association the Graduate Medical Education Directory, 2002-2003 data set of fellowship wages by program, 4 and compared all internal medicine subspecialty fellowships in the United States requiring 3 years of prior residency. Of the 1249 directory entries representing 14 subspecialties in 209 hospitals, 1178 include wages. Sports medicine was excluded because there are only 2 internal medicine programs in that subspecialty, bringing the final number of directory entries including wages to 1176. Results. The mean compensation of the 4 subspecialties that use a centralized match is $41963 ($41357 weighted by number of first-year fellows), while it is $41 171 ($41 248, similarly weighted) for the other subspecialties that do not use the MSMP (Mann-Whitney U test, P=.28) (TABLE). Furthermore, the median, minimum, and maximum wage, and the SD of the distribution of wages of subspecialties that use the MSMP, are all marginally greater than those that do not use this match (Mann-Whitney U test, PϾ.05 for each). To test the hypothesis that, within hospitals, wages for sub-specialties that use the match are different than wages for sub-specialties that do not, we computed the average wage within each hospital for subspecialties that use and do not use the MSMP. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test for 169 hospitals was nonsignificant (P=.96). Comment. Internal medicine subspecialties that use the MSMP do not offer different salaries than those that do not. Thus, a match is not the feature of these markets that determines wages. The market for fellowships is not the same as the market for residencies: there are similarities and differences. Although both the MSMP and the NRMP use the same Roth-Peranson matching algorithm, 5,6 stipends for residents are presently funded largely by Medicare, while fellowships are mostly funded by the National Institutes of Health. In each case, additional funds would need to be found if wages were …


The aim – to systematize information on key features of echocardiographic evaluation of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure stages and their effectiveness in cardiac surgery, in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis.Materials and methods. We initiated a single-center clinical study to evaluate the XPand device and initial analysis of the primary results was performed. Patients met the inclusion criteria underwent a full range of examinations and TAVI procedures using the XPand device. The key parameters for echocardiographic examination in TAVI, which influence the formation of further procedure strategy, have been determined for the cardiac surgeon.Results and discussion. Based on the determined echocardiographic parameters, we obtained the primary outcomes of TAVI XPand in patients (n=7), the result of implantation was good. Minimal paravalvular insufficiency absence was found in 71.5 % of patients and minimal insufficiency in 14,5 %. In one patient to moderate insufficiency was observed. There was a statistically significant improvement in the ejection fraction (p<0.05) and a decrease in the mean gradient at the aortic valve (p<0.01).Conclusions. Echocardiographic parameters at all TAVI stages in patients over 75 years allow to control the implementation of the procedure and to improve the immediate post procedural outcome. The first experience of using the novel device for transcatheter implantation of the XPand aortic valve prosthesis confirms its effectiveness and safety in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis.


Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) is a variant of classiication in which the classes are not known or xed in advance. Consider for example an incoming stream of news articles or email messages that are to be classiied by topic; new classes must be created as new topics arise. The problem is a challenging one for machine learning. Instances of new topics must be recognized as not belonging to any of the existing classes (detection), and instances of old topics must be correctly classiied (tracking)|often with extremely little training data per class. This paper proposes a new approach to TDT based on probabilis-tic, generative models. Strong statistical techniques are used to address the many challenges: hierarchical shrinkage for sparse data, statistical \garbage collection" for new event detection, clustering in time to separate the diierent events of a common topic, and deterministic anneal-ing for creating the hierarchy. Preliminary experimental results show promise.


Patients with dementia frequently experience comorbid behavioral and psychiatric symptoms that are harmful to both patients and their caregivers and contribute to the high healthcare costs associated with Alzheimer's dementia. Despite their frequent use in the past, there is limited evidence to support the efficacy of first-generation antipsychotics. Second-generation antipsychotics may be modestly helpful for reducing global neuropsychiatric symptoms, psychosis, and agitation/aggression but are associated with potentially serious adverse reactions. The decision to utilize an antipsychotic requires thoughtful consideration of the potential risks and benefits for the individual patient.


An algorithm for DEM generation using ultra-wideband interferometry is described. Results based on VHF-band data acquired by the CARABAS airborne SAR system is presented at a spatial ground pixel resolution of 16/spl times/16 m. The resulting DEM shows good agreement with topographic map. The results indicate good potential for topographic mapping of the true ground surface.


The separation of low boiling petroleum hydrocarbons as well as some simple aromatic compounds by means of adsorption chromatography has been studied.As the results, it has been recognized that the separation of paraffin hydrocarbons from aromatic or olefin hydrocarbons is quite easy, but the separation of olefin hydrocarbons from aromatic hydrocarbons, and the separation of each component of a same kind of hydrocarbon are somewhat difficult through the adsorption column of silica gelly, alumina or active charcoal.Although the separation of benzene, toluene and xylene from each other is difficult, but the separation of some simple aromatic compounds, such as nitrobenzene, aniline or phenols, from these aromatic hydrocarbons is comparatively easy.


Infrared spectrophotometry from 2.1 to 4.1 microns and from 7.7 to 13.3 microns of the peculiar OH maser source OH 231.8 + 4.2 identified with OH 0739-14 is reported. Deep absorption features are found at 3.1 microns and from 8 to 13 microns, and are identified with absorption by cold ices and silicates in the line of sight to the infrared source. The infrared flux is also found to vary. These infrared observations present new difficulties in understanding the nature of the object. Several possibly useful observations of OH 231.8 + 4.2 are suggested.


One of the challenging and very common conditions in current modern era is headache. At present all age groups from young to old are affected by it. headache is a very commonly occurring condition in our today's practice. Modern medications do not help much as analgesics have their own aftereffects. Hence it is the need of time to bring forward such treatment options which do not cause much side-effect and give positive results in the management of headache with minimal use of oral drugs. Among the different treatment described in Ayurveda, Shiro Dhara is one of the commonly practiced procedures in the disorders of head & scalp. It can be used as preventive measure in different stressful conditions. Shirahshoola is a disease as described in Ayurveda which involves all kinds of headache. In this paper, I want to explain, different types of shirahshoola and there management which describe in Ayurveda very well and one of the most practically used procedure shirodhara which is very effective in headache.


Figure 1. Antiviral mechanism of inflammatory cytokines against by binding of virions to Naþ-taurocholate cotransporting polypep into the cytoplasm. Import of the cytoplasmic nucleocapsid DNA viral RNA transcription, pregenomic (pg) RNA encapsidation, D virion assembly and secretion via multivesicle body (MVB) pathw factor (TNF)-a or lymphotoxin-b (LT-b) bind to their cognate rec activation of APOBEC3A and/or APOBEC3B gene expression. T through interaction with HBV capsid proteins, to deaminate the cccDNA results in uracil–DNA glycosylase cleavage of uracils t cleaved by apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases. In additio genes (ISGs) that inhibit cccDNA transcription and pregenomic


In previous papers (Cutler and Harris, 1951; Cutler, Chester, and Price, 1953), dealing with the serologic response to treatment for syphilis, it has been shown that the rate of sero-reversal in adequately treated syphilis is, in general, related to the duration of infection before treatment. The generalization can be made that the longer the infection has been present before treatment, the longer will be the time required for sero-reversal.


It becomes clear the relationship between equations of the prediction shielding effectiveness which are adapted for inductive magnetic field,inductive electric field and far field, and normalized intrinsic impedance. We will report the calculation of Moser's equation, and our new equation. In this paper, and will furthermore illustrate ameliorated Lars Jorgensen's normalized intrinsic impe dance curve.


The notion that requirements is one of the most important steps in developing software, is perpetuated by claims that requirements engineering can improve a software project in many ways: by reducing project risk, assuring quality and improving productivity. Yet despite its apparent irnportance and wide-ranging benefits, poor requirements engineering is still one of the leading factors contributing to project failure. However, many of the potential benefits of requirements engineering are largely unproven. A close examination of the literature reveals that there is little systematic, detailed evidence which supports the claims of the benefits of requirements engineering. Such evidence could serve to motivate industrial adoption of requirements engineering techniques, validate claims and contribute to our understanding of how the benefits of requirements engineering are realized in practice. This thesis presents an analysis of the causal relationship between requirements engineering practice and the beneficial effects in risk management, quality and productivity. Conducting a 30-month long case study of one software organization that had implemented requirements process improvement, this work seeks to examine how requirements engineering can affect software development. The case study followed the entire soft-


Industrial water consumption is increasing in China. The amount of industrial water use increased 28.3 billion m from 1997 to 2007, and the share of industrial water use in China rose from 20% to 24%. In addition China has diversity of water resource. Specifically the northern part of China faces a serious water shortage problem. Furthermore, each province has different characteristics of industry type. Sales and value added by using one unit of water input are different among industries. For sustainable development in China, an allocation strategy of limited water resource is important. The objective of this study is to clarify the efficiency of water usage in the Chinese industrial sector. The authors also estimate the shadow prices of fresh water and wastewater in each industry. The research period is from 1996 to 2007. The authors find that most of the provinces that were evaluated as efficient at reducing fresh water usage and wastewater discharge are located in the northern part of China. The results imply that in the Hebei, Shanxi, Ningxia, and Guizhou provinces, the policies that provide incentives for the industrial sector to achieve water use efficiency improvement are more effective than the policies that address the restriction of waste water discharge. The shadow prices and inefficiencies differed among distinct provinces and business types. Therefore, to establish the appropriate environmental and water price policies, the Chinese government must consider the differences that exist among the provinces and industries of China.


Based on the original structure, a testing model with one-to-four scale of PC composite box girder with corrugated steel webs was made to research the torsional mechanical properties of the composite box girders. At the elastic range, the model girder was loaded respectively at four point symmetrically and two point asymmetrically. The deflections and strain of the key sections were tested. And the load-displacement plot, portrait warp strain of mid-span, distortion strain of the bottom flange and the torsional shear stress of corrugated steel webs were got. Test results showed that under the asymmetrical load condition, the distortion of box girder occurred and the corrugated steel webs bore biggish additional shear stresses. The bending moment and warping stress were largely burden by concrete top and bottom flange. The transverse stress of bottom flange cased by distortion was very small. Increasing the quantity of diaphragms was available for box girders with corrugated steel webs to enhance torsional stiffness.


Ripple currents can be mitigated in motor drives by applying double-delta sourced winding (DDSW), which uses a multilevel operation approach with two-level converters. In practice, a dual-winding induction machine (DWIM) has been considered for this application due to its inherent compatibility with DDSW. The modeling of a DDSW-based DWIM is discussed for vector control, and a decoupling method between converters is proposed to improve the dynamic response of the current regulation. In addition, torque control is discussed for a situation in which one of the converters is dropped out. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is assessed via experiments under low switching frequencies because DDSW is appropriate for high-power applications, where multiple windings are essential. It was confirmed that the total harmonic distortion of the converter currents was decreased by 67.7% when an 11-kW DWIM was driven on the basis of DDSW. Furthermore, the bandwidth of the current regulation could be increased by 113.7% owing to the proposed decoupling method.


Legal regulation of intermediation in the virtual assets market was analysed. It was grounded, that the professional assistance to virtual assets market participants is necessary because of complexity of transactions with virtual assets. It was found, that the virtual assets service providers carry out intermediation in the virtual assets market as an entity that is acting in the interests of third parties and providing intermediary services to the market participants. Based on the analysis of the legal concept of "intermediation", it was formulated, that intermediation in the virtual assets market can be considered as the economic activity of business entities – virtual assets service providers, - which is carried out with the purpose of providing intermediary services to virtual assets market participants. Types of intermediation in the virtual assets market include: 1) safekeeping or administration of virtual assets and keys of virtual assets; 2) exchange of virtual assets (except when exchange is not carried out directly by the consumers in their own interests); 3) transfer of virtual assets (except when the transfer is not carried out directly by the consumers in their own interests); 4) participation in and provision of financial services, related to an issuer's offer and/or sale of a virtual asset.
It was found, that according to the draft law "On Virtual Assets" of June 11, 2020 No 3637 virtual assets service providers should be registered, but there is no mention about the license for providing intermediation in the virtual assets market. At the same time, it was grounded, that according to Ukrainian law, the financial intermediation in the virtual assets market, including participation in and provision of financial services, related to an issuer's offer and/or sale of a virtual asset, should be a subject of licensing


Basal cells are multipotent airway progenitors that generate distinct epithelial cell phenotypes crucial for homeostasis and repair of the conducting airways. Little is known about how these progenitor cells expand and transition to differentiation to form the pseudostratified airway epithelium in the developing and adult lung. Here, we show by genetic and pharmacological approaches that endogenous activation of Notch3 signaling selectively controls the pool of undifferentiated progenitors of upper airways available for differentiation. This mechanism depends on the availability of Jag1 and Jag2, and is key to generating a population of parabasal cells that later activates Notch1 and Notch2 for secretory-multiciliated cell fate selection. Disruption of this mechanism resulted in aberrant expansion of basal cells and altered pseudostratification. Analysis of human lungs showing similar abnormalities and decreased NOTCH3 expression in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suggests an involvement of NOTCH3-dependent events in the pathogenesis of this condition. Highlighted article: In the adult mouse lung, Notch3 identifies a population of parabasal cells and regulates the balance between basal and parabasal progenitor pools.


Charge transfers between donor (D) and acceptor (A) species at their excited state in a light‐assisted STM setup (LA‐STM) are investigated. Through an all‐solution process, supramolecular architectures deposited on the Au(111) surface and made of 2D islands of PC71BM (electron acceptor) on top of a single layer of the polymer PTB7 (electron donor) are elaborated. The STM junction under modulated laser irradiation exhibits a strong background of photothermal signal attributed both to vertical and lateral expansion of the tip. However, from the analysis of differential images obtained at opposite voltages, additional photocurrent peaks located at the PTB7/PC71BM interfaces are detected, providing evidence for active charge transfer between D/A species at their excited state. This phenomenon is discussed in the framework of a charge transport model at interfaces in organic electronics systems.


Abstract Background. The relationship between pulse pressure (PP) and stroke has been described in populations outside Japan. Here, we investigated the relationship between PP and stroke incidence in Japan. Methods. Study subjects were 11,097 people (4315 men and 6782 women) in 12 rural areas of Japan enrolled in the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study, a population-based prospective study. The subjects were divided into quintiles of PP. Baseline data were obtained by questionnaire and health checkups between April 1992 and July 1995, and the incidence of all strokes and stroke subtypes was monitored. Results. A total of 412 strokes were observed during a mean follow-up period of 10.7 years. After adjusting for age, smoking status, drinking status, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, body mass index and diabetes mellitus, hazard ratios [HRs] in the second to fifth quintiles of PP for all strokes were 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–1.64), 1.53 (CI 1.02–2.28), 2.02 (CI 1.38–2.96) and 2.22 (CI 1.53–3.20) compared with the first quintile using Cox's proportional hazard model, respectively. Conclusion. Our findings suggest high PP is at an increased risk of stroke.


Present study was carried out through descriptive survey method within ex-post-facto research design. To collect the data "Multidimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS)" were administered on a random sample of 51 male and 64 female school-going adolescents. In Multidimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) there are 40 items and with each item a 5-point Likert type scale ranging from 1 to 5 is attached. Total scores can range at the lowest from (1×40) = 40 to at the highest (5×40) = 200 and the ambivalent (midpoint) is (3×40) = 120. The result shows that the mean and standard deviation of MSLSS scores were 158.93 and 19.435 respectively. Here the mean (158.93) was much higher than the ambivalent score (120). Again according to the manual of the test higher scores reflect a greater sense of life satisfaction. It might be concluded that on an average the school going adolescents were highly satisfied in their life.


The structural properties of the mesoscopically confined drug and drug–drug and drug–matrix interactions were investigated in model drug-delivery systems prepared from nonfunctionalized and functio...


A single-shunt current sensing technique is widely used in industrial system to reduce the cost and mounting space of current sensors in an inverter. In addition, a pulse shift control technique, which maintains the pulse duration and achieves reliable current detection, is used in a single-shunt current sensing system. In this paper, the RMS current on the DC-link capacitor with a pulse shift control technique was analyzed. The analysis results showed that the RMS current on the DC-link capacitor in the single-shunt current sensing system increases over 50% compared to a conventional three-phase current sensing system, in case of a low modulation factor. In addition, the rise in temperature of the DC-link capacitor with or without the single-shunt current sensing was verified by examination. An advanced single-shunt current sensing technique for a redundant inverter system to reduce the RMS current on the DC-link capacitor and the audible noise is also proposed in this paper.


This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary riboflavin level on laying performance,egg quality,blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters of laying ducks in cage. A total of 504 healthy Fujian Longyan laying ducks with similar body weight were randomly allotted into 7 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 ducks per replicate. Ducks in the 7 groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0( group Ⅰ),3( group Ⅱ),6( group Ⅲ),9( group Ⅳ),12( group Ⅴ),15( group Ⅵ) and 18 mg /kg( group Ⅶ) riboflavin,respectively. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1)dietary riboflavin level did not significant affect the laying performance of laying ducks( P 0.05),but the laying rate,average egg weight,daily egg weight and the ratio of feed to egg got the best effect in group Ⅲ. 2)The albumen height in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in other groups except group Ⅱ( P 0.05),the Haugh unit in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ( P 0.05). The yolk color was showed an increased tend with the increasing of dietary riboflavin level( P = 0.08). 3) Dietary riboflavin level significantly affect blood T lymphocyte proliferation rate( P 0.05),with the increased of dietary riboflavin level,the plasma riboflavin content firstly increased and then decreased,and the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient firstly decreased and then increased. 4) Dietary riboflavin level significant affect liver and plasma total superoxide dismutase activity and liver xanthine oxidase activity( P 0.05). In conclusion,the laying ducks can get better performance and egg quality when dietary supplemental level of riboflavin is 6 mg / kg. The antioxidant function of the laying ducks was improved with the increasing of dietary riboflavin level,and the supplemental level of riboflavin is suggested more than 12 mg / kg


Introduction: Pneumonia remains a critical global health concern, especially among children under 18 years old. This acute respiratory infection causes lung inflammation and fluid accumulation, leading to breathing difficulties and high mortality rates in children. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to investigate the various patterns and presentations of pneumonia in children under 18 years old in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Millenium Hospital Limited, sutrapur, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of one year from January 2022 to December 2022. A total of 110 participants aged 0-18 years, who visited the hospital during the study period, were included. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical software and obtaining approval from the institutional review board. Results: The study population consisted of 110 children under the age of 18. The demographic characteristics showed that the majority of participants were in the 1-5 years age group (27.27%), followed by those aged 11-18 years (31.82%). The gender distribution was almost equal, with 54.55% being male and 45.45% female. Regarding the clinical presentation of pneumonia, fever was the most common symptom (81.82%), followed by cough (90.91%) and difficulty breathing (63.64%). Radiological findings indicated that infiltrates were present in the majority of cases (72.73%), followed by consolidation (45.45%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequently identified pathogen (31.82%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (22.73%). Antibiotics were the most commonly used treatment modality (95.45%), and hospitalization was required for 63.64% of the children. These findings provide insights into the patterns and presentation of pneumonia in children under 18 years of age. Conclusion: This study explores pneumonia patterns in children, revealing higher incidence among younger age groups and adolescents. Key findings include common symptoms like fever .....


Previous research has shown that uses of media technologies (Gray 1992, Lally 2002) as well as music consumption (DeNora 2000) are gendered practices, while scholars have also emphasized how nation ...


Liver transplantation is a life-saving procedure for many forms of end-stage liver disease in pediatrics. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common and signifi cant posttransplant infection after pediatric liver transplant (PLT) with developing an episode of CMV infection or disease. It is well known that CMV increases risk of graft loss. The review presents aspects of etiology and epidemiology of CMV after PLT, approaches employed in diagnostics and prophylaxis of CMV, algorithms for valganciclovir dosing and methods to prevent complications associated with CMV. The latest data on current prevention strategies in pediatric liver transplantation centers in the world are also presented.


Manuscript accepted 23 January 1990. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 88:257-269. Determination of Factors Affecting Recruitment of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Central California


NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in immune responses, promoting the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, and has been associated with a variety of inflammatory conditions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our recent studies have figured that inhibition of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) improves metabolic abnormalities and suppresses macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Macrophages are implicated in this process. To test the role of CB1R, we established mice with selective CB1R-defeciency in macrophages (MacCB1R KO). We investigate that feeding a Western-type diet to control and MacCB1R KO mice caused similar obesity, but only mice with MacCB1R KO remained insulin sensitive. The protection of mice with macrophage-specific CB1R-deficiency against insulin resistance was associated with reduced tissue infiltration by macrophages. Immunophenotypic parameters have been proved that CB1R is involved for pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization. These studies demonstrated that CB1R in macrophages is associated to establish obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation.


In this policy briefing, sport is being defined broadly as an activity that requires energy expenditure and is being performed with an athletic and/ or health promoting intention (sportive activity). This includes a variety of physical activities which can also be performed at a rather low level of ambition, e.g. just for fun or relaxation like hiking, recreational bicycling, inline-skating, ice-skating, boating or swimming. Explicitly excluded are other not sportive forms of physical activities like walking, gardening, etc. This policy briefing addresses all physical activities which are frequently practised for the purpose of increasing bodily fitness and for the fun of sporting, irrespective of type, setting and performance level.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the compressive and flexural properties of high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). For this purpose, a total of 5 mixture whose variable is fiber volume fraction, were made and tested in a range of high strength with 70MPa. In case of normal and ultra-high strength, experimental results were collected from existing literatures on the tests conducted in South Korea. Flexural behavior of SFRC is enhanced according to the fiber volume fraction and compressive strength. Experimental and collected data were applied to existing equations, so it was found that the distinctions occurred between experimental or collected data and calculated values. Thus, more efforts are required to predict the flexural behavior of SFRC manufactured in South Korea with respect to the fiber volume fraction.


The work presented in this paper was developed in the context of a NATO Science for Stabilityproject (NATO PO FLOODRISK- Dam Break Flood Risk Management in Portugal) that aimed todevelop tools to improve the management of flood hazards in downstream valleys of dams. Theresults of the project were applied to the Arade Valley, in the south of Portugal.The tools developed by the project involved the following: the Daminfo system, which incorporateda database holding relevant information on Portuguese dams associated with geographic data; a setof dam break models, developed in the context of the case-study in order to identify and display arange of critical inundation areas; and DamAid, an emergency warning and management system fordam ruptures.This paper describes the design and development of DamAid. Its main purpose is to provideauthorities with enough information to produce decisions in real time, with a step-by-step reminderof the emergency plans' procedures, and with sufficiently robust tools to enable the gathering ofdecision-makers that are geographically apart. The system is based on existing plans' definitions andprocedures for emergencies that may occur in the Arade valley and includes the necessary (preemergency)information to aid decision-makers during the emergency period. It also includes anonline mapping application integrating the information developed to evaluate the situation duringthe several steps of the emergency plan.


In this paper, the mechanical properties of the fibers made from multifunctional copolyester and PET have been investigated. The results showed that the rebound resilience and the dimensional stability of the copolyester fiber were better than that of PET, under the constant elongation, the internal stress of the copolyester fiber was higher than that of PET, and the relaxation process of the internal stress about the copolyester fiber bore analogy to that of PET.


With the rapid development of information technology and increasing image data, the study of image colorization has become an important role. There is no doubt that colors make a lot of difference in the viewing experience, so colorizing black and white movies was the hot topic in 1980s. For decades, many movie creators opposed the idea of colorizing their black and white movies, and thought of it as vandalism of their art. Today it is accepted as an enhancement to the art form. There have been different ways to colorize images and videos. In this paper, the two KNN-based colorization method using 8-neighboring pixels and color features are presented to colorize and their performances analyzed.


The purpose with this essay is to illustrate the problematical mother-daughterrelation in Mar-gareta Garpes drama/play "To Julia" through a psychoanalytic and philosophical perspective. To get a de ...


Autotrophic dissolved organic matter (DOM) is central to the carbon biogeochemistry of aquatic systems, and the full complexity of autotrophic DOM has not been extensively studied, particularly by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Terrestrial DOM tends to dominate HRMS studies in freshwaters due to the propensity of such compounds to ionize by negative mode electrospray, and possibly also because ionizable DOM produced by autotrophy is decreased to low steady‐state concentrations by heterotrophic bacteria. In this study, we investigated the character of DOM produced by the widespread cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa using high‐pressure liquid chromatography—electrospray ionization—high‐resolution mass spectrometry. M. aeruginosa produced thousands of detectable compounds in axenic culture. These compounds were chromatographically resolved and the majority were assigned to aliphatic formulas with a broad polarity range. We found that the DOM produced by M. aeruginosa was highly susceptible to removal by heterotrophic freshwater bacteria, supporting the hypothesis that this autotroph‐derived organic material is highly labile and accordingly only seen at low concentrations in natural settings.


Dielectric corner reflectors (CRs) have recently attracted attention in millimetre-wave frequencies due to the potential of combining them with 3D printing techniques for their manufacturing and integration within existing systems, as well as presenting a broader half power beamwidth (HPBW) than metallic CRs. In this paper, the monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) and HPBW of three fully dielectric reflectors are measured at sub-THz frequencies, specifically between 220 GHz to 330 GHz. The structures are printed in Al2O3 via lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM). From the three reflectors evaluated, namely a cube, a CR, and a filled corner reflector (FCR), it is found that the cube presents the narrower HPBW, of 2°. The measured HPBW for the CR is similar to its metallic counterparts, of 34°. Finally, the FCR presents an enhanced HPBW of 70°. The aperture edge for the cube is 13 mm, for the CR is 20.60 mm and for the FCR is 22 mm. The maximum measured RCS for the three structures is of −10.0 dBsqm, −13.1 dBsqm and −7.8 dBsqm, respectively. The results verify the potential of FCR as a broad angle reflector for applications at sub-THz frequencies.


Abstract: A rapid increase in ependymin mRNA expression demonstrated by semiquantitative in situ hybridization after avoidance conditioning on goldfish suggested a molecular demand for newly synthesized ependymin translation product. To inhibit de novo synthesis of ependymin molecules without interference with preexisting ones, 18 mer anti‐ependymin mRNA‐phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (S‐ODNs) were injected into the perimeningeal brain fluid before active avoidance training. S‐ODN‐injected animals learned the avoidance response; however, they were amnesic in the test. When injected into overtrained animals, S‐ODNs did not interfere with retrieval or performance of the avoidance response. Fish treated with randomized S‐ODN sequences served as further controls. Incorporation of S‐ODNs was analyzed by injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated oligodeoxynucleotide probes. Microscopic observation revealed strong FITC‐S‐ODN fluorescence in reticular‐shaped fibroblasts, the only known site of ependymin synthesis. Results demonstrate that selective inhibition of ependymin gene expression in vivo can specifically prevent memory formation. We conclude that in particular the newly synthesized ependymin molecules are involved in memory consolidation, possibly because they have not yet undergone irreversible molecular changes, which have been reported of this glycoprotein in a low‐calcium microenvironment.


Sophie Arie introduces the shortlist in a new BMJ Group award that is designed to spot potential in emerging commissioning teams


This paper examines the effects of corporate governance on domestic mergers and acquisitions around announcement (short term) and following announcement (long term). Using a sample of 1,921 events representing 1,059 unique Chinese listed firms between 2001 and 2010, we find that market responses differ in ways which suggest a difference in market's assessment of announcements from the perspectives of short term and long term. Bidders obtain significant positive abnormal returns over the five-day event period but suffer significant wealth losses two years following the deal announcement. Further analyses on factors driving the price difference show that executive ownership (positive) and state ownership (negative) exert opposite effects on the announcement period returns. Board independence measured by the composite corporate governance index exerts a significant, positive effect on shareholder wealth. The returns also differ by method of payment with positive (negative) effects from stock (cash) financing. Furthermore, bidding firms from the same region and with high Tobin's q are associated with low abnormal returns. Long-term regression analyses show that the positive impact of executive ownership remains. Small firms perform better than large firms. Large deals have a negative effect on abnormal returns and prior acquisition experience is associated with higher abnormal returns. The study highlights the need for the state to accelerate the share structure reform and, formulate policies that encourage executive ownership and sound corporate governance. It also highlights the importance of non-economic factors as motivators of Chinese mergers and acquisitions activity.


Clothbot is a new kind of climbing robot with novel structure that enables it to move on human cloth. Earlier version of Clothbot can only climb on cloth with manual control because there is complex deformation on human cloth and thus Clothbot can't keep itself stable. In this paper, we propose some new hardware improvements to enhance the stability of Clothbot on human cloth, then adopt a remote control system that enables Clothbot climbing automatically. To ensure that proper amount of cloth is gripped between two wheels, we add a shield in the front to prevent Clothbot from suck superfluous cloth and adjust its pose to prevent it from slipping off. A balance tail in the end makes Clothbot free from side tumbling. Based on these hardware improvement, Clothbot can move steadily on human body and auto control strategy becomes applicable. The whole climbing process is divide into discrete steps and A* is repeatedly called to compute path at the beginning of each step. Experiments have been conduct to test the effect of hardware change and it shows that Clothbot can automatically climb on human body.


Experiments have been performed to investigate the simulation of cavitation bubbles by the implosion of thin‐walled glass spheres underwater. The bulbs were evacuated suitably gas‐filled if necessary, sealed, and then fractured underwater. High‐speed photography was used to study the implosion process and the radiated pressure waves were sensed by a hydrophone. The photographs revealed that the mode of collapse depended on the nature of the fracturing process. With a small impact, the glass is only punctured locally, and the glass appears to be fractured effectively by the inrushing water, giving rise to an unsymmetrical breaking. A more symmetrical fracture is obtained by using an externally generated shock wave. The possible buffering effect on the implosion of containing gas at appreciable pressure in a glass bulb was also investigated, together with the substitution of the surrounding water with a more viscous liquid. This type of experiment permits the variation and control of a number of parameters ...


Alternaria alternata is of major significance as a food and feed contaminant and is able to produce a range of mycotoxins that may elicit adverse effects in both animals and humans. We describe the isolation and characterization of five microsatellite markers for studying A. alternata. Marker polymorphism was screened in 64 isolates of A. alternata. The number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 24, and allelic diversity ranged from 0.425 to 0.882. These markers will be useful in the study of relationships and population genetics amongst isolates of A. alternata.


The flowering of seven selections of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis HBK) representing a range of maturity types has been studied in the Canberra phytotron. Daylength is the main factor controlling flowering in these selections, all of which showed a strong short day response. At normal temperatures the maximum daylengths at which all plants flowered (the critical daylengths) were 13 hours for the early, 12 hours for the midseason and late-midseason, and 11 1/2 hours for the late selections. However, the midseason selections did flower in a 12 1/2-hour daylength if the light intensity of the supplementary illumination was 20 or 5 ft.c. instead of the normal 50 ft.c. The response of the other selections was not altered at the lower light intensities. Both high night temperature and low day temperature delayed or inhibited flower initiation in the early and midseason selections and these effects were greater at a critical daylength.


FIELD: protection devices. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to system for protecting edges of transported goods and consists of at least one elastic layer and at least one reinforcing layer. Protective packaging for protection of window panes or other flat-shaped items from damage during transport, loading or unloading or warehousing includes: edge protection, made with possibility of closing edges along window glass perimeter or other flat-shaped object; said edge protection comprising elastic material and reinforcing material disposed within said elastic material; claimed resilient material comprises foam; claimed reinforcing material comprises elongated wood elements; claimed resilient material is divided into separate regions; at each of such portions of the resilient material, opening is formed for putting said portions of elastic material onto one of elongated wood elements mentioned or for introducing one of claimed elongated wood elements into clammed portions of elastic material after mounting edge protection on window pane or other flat-shaped object; on each of claimed portions of resilient material, recess is provided for accommodating therein edge portion of window glass or other flat-shaped object, after mounting of such edge protection on window pane or other flat-shaped object; and on portions of resilient material, side members are provided for closing side edges of window glass or other flat-shaped object, and corner elements, intended to cover corner edges of window glass or other flat-shaped object. EFFECT: device to protect edges of the transported goods is proposed. 13 cl, 76 dwg


Uniform and stable Transfer Mold FEAs have been developed by coating amorphous carbon (a-C) films with high hardness and chemical inertness on Transfer Mold FEAs to realize uniform and stable field emission characteristics in hash environment such as strong plasma atmosphere in satellite orbits on the earth, field emission display manufacturing process, and so on [1]. Though turn-on fields of Ni-FEAs were increased 100% after O2 radical treatment, those of a-C coated on Ni-FEAs were increased less than 10%. The damage by O2 radical treatment was improved more than 90 % because of coating a-C as a protective layer on Ni-FEA.


The (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation is extended to a general form including some nonintegrable effects via introducing generalized bilinear operators. It is pointed out that the nonintegrable (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation contains lump solutions and interaction solutions between lump and stripe solitons. The result shows that the lump soliton will be swallowed or arisen by a stripe soliton in a fixed time. Furthermore, by the interaction between a lump and a paired resonant stripe soliton, the lump will be transformed to an instanton or a rogue wave.


Abstract Changes in reserve‐K status were measured on a number of historical and current pasture trials using a modified sodium tetraphenyl‐boron incubation method (TBK incubation). Trials included four P, K, and S trials from North Otago, a long‐term (>40 years) P fertiliser trial from Canterbury (Winchmore), a long‐term (>20 years) nutrient depletion trial from Manawatu, and a 2‐year N × K trial from Southland. While only two trials showed a clear DM response to K, testing by both the original (Jackson's) test and the TBK‐incubation method showed changes in soil K status for all soils. The long‐term fertiliser trial showed that K reserves declined with normal annual superphosphate additions when no K fertilisers were applied. Failure of net changes in K reserve status to adequately account for K removal in nutrient budgets appeared to be best explained by significant plant uptake of K below the soil sampling zone (0–75 mm). Prediction of a dry matter K response when exchangeable‐K levels are near or below critical levels i.e., at Quicktest K (QTK) values < 6–7, is governed by the buffering capacity of soil K reserve. This was linked in this study to measures of both readily available (short incubation; 1–20 h) and long‐term available (168‐h) K. Soils with a large long‐term K reserve can still exhibit a K response under high K demand, but this occurred in only one trial when QTK values were 3 or less, and when short‐term available K was also low. The biphasic nature of K release underlies the complications of predicting K response in many sedimentary soils. The main means of classifying and predicting K response in New Zealand has historically been from Metson's soil class Kc values. This study showed that K reserve status for a significant number of New Zealand soils is not adequately represented by these values, and that better prediction of K response could be achieved using the new TBK‐incubation method after optimisation against field trial data. Implications for using this method to advance routine soil testing of K are discussed.


An ARM-based fire alarm unit was presented in the paper. The unit hardware was composed of temperature, smog sensors, LPC2478 and GPRS transmission. The unit software was composed of μC/OS - II embedded operation system, data acquisition, the fire identification algorithms and transmission programs. The unit was able to monitor and analyze the room's temperature and smog, and then the analytic result was transmitted to the server by the GPRS wireless module. The comprehensive fuzzy similar algorithm was used to identify the fire and the reliability of alarm was improved effectively.


Summary Milk as it is produced by the cow contains a low but variable concentration of copper (natural copper). Results are presented that show a relatively high concentration ( ca. 0.2 p.p.m.) of natural copper in early lactation milk, and a level of about 0.02–0.04 p.p.m. for most cows during the remainder of a lactation period. These results are similar to others reported recently. No difference was observed between pasture and dry feed in the natural copper concentration in the resulting milk. When cows on dry feed were drenched with large (10-g.) doses of copper sulfate, there was an increase in the natural copper content of their milk and in the incidence and intensity of spontaneous oxidized flavor. For cows on an alfalfa hay-grain concentrate ration, and not in early lactation, a highly significant correlation was observed between the concentration of natural copper in milk and the incidence and intensity of spontaneous oxidized flavor.It is concluded that the copper present in milk as it comes from the cow is an important catalyst of oxidized flavor.


Abstract While protective measures in industrialized countries mention ergonomic factors as possible means to improve health, safely and well-being at the work place, more and more ergonomic variables are introduced in recent epidemiological studies concerning the relationship between work hazards and health effects. After a short review of this literature, the author attempts to list relevant ergonomic criteria for further researches in industrial medicine and public health. Criteres Ergonomiques Necessaires aux Etudes Epidemiologiques en Medecine du Travail et en Sante Publique Notwendige Ergonomische Kriterien fur Epidemiologische Studien in der Arbeitsmedizin und im Offentlichen Gesundheitswesen


Dr. Kile is an associate professor of industrial engineering Quinnipiac University and is also serving as the interim chair of Quinnipiac University's Department of Engineering. Prior to joining Quinnipiac in 2012, he was an associate professor and program coordinator for the Industrial Engineering program at the University of Wisconsin – Platteville. His research interests include material handling, facilities planning, and logistics. Additionally his education based research is in the areas of communication skills and lean curriculum development. He earned his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees from the Industrial and Operations Engineering department at the University of Michigan and a B.S. in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering from Rochester Institute of Technology.


The author takes issue with a number of aspects of the paper by Evans (1992) (see IRRD 854491) on the social implications of a congestion- pricing system. Hills argues that: a) congestion is more complex than Evans' assumptions allow even at strategic level; b) all three speed/flow relationships explored are conceptually flawed; c) definitions of capacity and throughput are inconsistent and the treatment of time is perverse; and d) mis-specification of both demand and supply arises from the use of a flow-based measure instead of a trips-based one. Each issue is discussed in detail. The paper includes a reply to these comments by Evans covering the standard economic model of road congestion pricing, stationarity and time dependence, networks and backward-bending speed-flow and congestion cost flow functions.


Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (Echo PIV) has great potential as a non-invasive, simple-to-use hemodynamic vascular profiling technique. Results generated through the analysis of radio frequency (RF) data have shown to be accurate under in vitro and in vivo testing settings. However, most ultrasound (US) imaging systems do not provide RF data but provide image output using the DICOM standard. An important issue when analyzing DICOM-coded images using the Echo PIV method is how to reduce the effects of noise introduced during postprocessing. In this work, a new Echo PIV analysis algorithm was developed to analyze DICOM images. In the algorithm, a quasi-linear transform first operates on the cross-correlation maps of each interrogation window, after which a modified ensemble average method is used to estimate time-averaged velocity field from multiple image pairs. This approach was validated against theory using measurements of fully developed laminar pipe flow, thus indicating that DICOM-image based Echo PIV is possible. We further demonstrate that the instantaneous velocity maps of certain pulsatile flow configurations were actually improved by the new method compared to the RF-based Echo PIV results.


Sexual harassment is a challenging issue where women and men work together. It is being recognized as a violation of human rights and human dignity which undermines the equality of opportunity and treatment between men and women. So, this descriptive study was conducted in Dhangadhi Municipality Kailali District, Nepal to find out the experience of sexual harassment in female at working place. Only female respondents who were working in office were taken purposively from four sectors such as government sectors, Company, Government and Public School and NGOs/INGOs for the study by using pre-structured interview schedules. From each sectors 25% of the total female respondents which was 23 people were selected. Data were collected on the basis of first come first take method till the required number was achieved. The study was conducted among 92 respondents. It was observed that Women workers were victimized by all form of sexual harassment such as verbal (56.3%), physical (16.9%), Written or Graphical(11.3%), gesture(8.5%) and emotional (7.0%) form of sexual harassment. Co-workers (52.1%) are the major harassers to the women workers. Among 92 respondents, 71(77.2%) respondents were facing sexual harassment at working place and major cause of sexual harassment was (36.9%) power and position of male but they often ignore the incidence. Female workers are very much vulnerable to sexual harassment by their male co workers, immediate Supervisor and manager. It negatively impacts their performance in work, mental and physical health, their human right and dignity.


Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) is a promising material, but shows poor processability, such as doping, due to its insolubility and infusibility. Therefore, the development of a standard and easy method of dye doping into PPV is important for device fabrication using PPV. We developed a simple method for the dispersal of dyes into PPV without deformation. Using this method, it was possible to change the color of PPV from yellow to green by doping with the blue dye 1,4-(N,N'-diethylamino)anthraquinone (SV59). The amount of SV59 doped into PPV was ∼2.7wt%. The fluorescence color of PPV could be changed from green to red by 2 min dispersal of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran.


Boost-invariant hadron production in high-energy collisions implies that the produced hadrons arise from causally disconnected fireballs. Discrete quantum numbers have thus to be conserved locally. For strangeness production, this defines a local conservation volume, which in an ideal resonance gas formulation leads to a suppression of strange particle rates. As a result, the strangeness suppression factor γs becomes a universal function of the initial energy density of the collision, for all collision configurations and energies. This prediction is found to be very well-satisfied for all pp, pA and AA data.


MICHEL DE CERTEAU would have been honored by this collection of articles dedicated to his memory by Representations, and even more touched by the gesture of friendship, for he was a man who never separated intellectual activity from a warm and enthusiastic regard for others. He had been associated with Representations from its very beginning, and its combination of disciplines and viewpoints could only delight him, as it agreed almost too well with his own practice of transversality.1


The diploma work thesis is specialized on service voice networks. In this work is judged the utilization of voice calls. Its aim is to make the design of the VoIP network compatible with the existing ISDN network. The emphasis is first of all put on used hardware and software. There management is also designed in the thesis and security off the network against attacks.


Propelled by buoyant economic conditions, favoured by free-spending politicians, and buttressed by widespread public support, higher education during the 1960s became one of Onatrio's major growth industries. But less than a decade later, in a dramatic reversal of spending priorities, funing policies threatened to squeeze the very life out of the provincial university system.In this wide-ranging study, Axelrod explores the impact of economic changes on Ontario universities since World War Two. He addresses the questions of how universities were percieved by the public, why they were supported during the period of expansion, how they set out to fulfil their prescribed functions, and how they were affected by the diminshed opportunities and cooler economic climate of the 1970s.This volume touches on such diverse issues as business-university relations, student financial assistance, manpower planning, and faculty unionization. It examines the internal dynamics of university life against the background of the social and economic conditions which directly affected Ontario universities but over which they had virtually no control. How could they plan for an economy that valued having no plan?The author concludes that not only did the universities prove to be imperfect instruments of economic development, but the efforts expended in the task compromised their vital role as islands of culture and critical thought in a materialistic society.


Atherosclerosis is a disease where deposits on the arteries have grown, and thereby decreasing the diameter of the artery, so that they affect the blood flow. These deposits can be observed by measuring the thickness of the two innermost layers of the artery, the intima and adventitia. This thickness is commonly referred to as the intima-media thickness (IMT). The IMT of the carotid artery is about 0.5 mm for young people, and increases slowly with age up to over 1 mm. Ultrasound is a non-invasive method that can image the arterial wall with 0.1 mm accuracy. To be able to perform measurements with only a few years interval there is a need for an even more precise method. Our first step has been to transfer the video data from a video tape into a digital format. A continuous full frame and full frame-rate video was recorded onto a hard drive. We have worked with a method that aims at improving the accuracy of IMT measurement using information found in full video ultrasound measurements rather than an image from a single frame. A motion tracking technique called phase correlation was used to determine the translation between frames in the video. The motion information has then been used to extract a motionless video of the arterial wall. The video has been merged along the time axis with a few different techniques giving output images with higher resolution. The choices of merging technique was studied to determine how they affected the separation of the layers in aspect to their intensity distribution. This was done by measuring the intensity distribution over time for each layer. The overlap between the layers intensity distribution was measured on the merged images and compared to that of a single frame. We found that the layers overlap in intensity distribution did decrease. For the lumen-intima edge the overlap was reduced by 50 – 100%, whereas for the media-adventitia edge the reduction was about 20%.


Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) can infest both roots and leaves of Vitis species. In commercial vineyards planted with Vitis vinifera scions grafted on rootstocks, grape phylloxera infestation is generally limited to root feeding. Vineyards are, however, increasingly subjected to vineyard-wide foliar infestations that last throughout the growing season. While some vineyards are affected by the infestation pressure of external leaf-feeding populations, other annually affected V. vinifera vineyards do not have these in their vicinity. Much is known about the damage potential of grape phylloxera root feeding; however, data on how phylloxera leaf infestation affects V. vinifera grapevines in commercial vineyards are lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to assess whether grapevine growth and yield are affected due to leaf infestation as it occurred in three commercial vineyards in the study area. Treatments were based on phylloxera leaf infestation and additional defoliation. Single-leaf carbon acquisition was measured with gas exchange analyses on healthy and galled leaves. Pruning weight and internode length were measured to assess the effect of leaf infestation and the effect of plant growth and vigour on leaf gall outbreaks. Yield quantity and quality were measured, and grapes were vinified for sensory analyses. Furthermore, using enzymatic analyses, non-structural carbohydrates were analysed in perennial wood. A significant decrease in sugar content in grapes (10 %) and starch reserves in perennial wood (11 %) was found in the most heavily infested vineyard. Grape must of infested plants in another vineyard furthermore showed a significantly higher level of titratable acid (7.5 %). Significant infestation effects seen in one vineyard were not significant in the other two vineyards. No significant differences were seen for carbon acquisition, harvest quantity, wine sensory analysis, pruning weight or internode length. The overall effect of phylloxera leaf infestation in the studied vineyards was, therefore, marginal. Grapevine vigour did not differ between infested vines, insecticide-sprayed vines, and vines on which no leaf infestation outbreaks took place. By analysing phylloxera leaf infestation under field conditions, these preliminary results form a basis for future long-term field studies about phylloxera leaf feeding on Vitis vinifera within the context of other biotic and abiotic plant stresses.


Time series of chloride concentrations and oxygen‐18 isotopic ratios are widely used for tracing catchment storage and mixing processes and for inferring catchment travel‐time distributions. However, neither chloride nor oxygen‐18 is an ideal hydrologic tracer: chloride concentrations in streamwater can be affected by dry deposition, evapoconcentration and biogeochemical cycling, and water isotopes can be fractionated by evaporation. One way to test the reliability of these tracers is to determine whether, despite artifacts such as these, both tracers lead to similar inferences when measured in the same catchment. Here, we compare chloride and oxygen‐18 time series in the Girnock and Allt' a Mharcaidh catchments in Scotland. Semivariograms and power spectra for both tracers exhibit similar patterns of fluctuation damping, implying that the travel‐time distributions of the two tracers have similar shapes. Fluctuations of both tracers are strongly damped in streamflow compared to precipitation, implying that these catchments integrate tracer signatures over many different storm events. Streamflow fluctuations of both tracers are more strongly damped at the Allt' a Mharcaidh catchment, implying longer storage and greater mixing of waters of different ages, compared to the Girnock catchment. At both sites, streamflow fluctuations of oxygen‐18 are more strongly damped, relative to precipitation, than those of chloride, leading to estimates of mean travel times that are longer, by a factor of 2–3, for oxygen‐18 than for chloride. The greater variability of chloride compared to oxygen‐18 may arise from spatially and temporally varying occult deposition and evapoconcentration. Nonetheless, the similarities in the behaviour of the two tracers imply that the strong tracer damping and long travel times that have been observed in many catchment studies are not artifacts, but instead reflect storage and mixing of waters over long time scales. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We propose a large interactive display with virtual touch buttons on a pale-colored flat wall. Our easy-to-install system consists of a front projector and a single commodity camera. A button touch is detected based on the area of the shadow cast by the user's hand; this shadow becomes very small when the button is touched. The shadow area is segmented by a brief change of the button to a different color when the shadow covers the button region. Background subtraction is used to extract the foreground (i.e. the hand and its shadow) region. The reference image for the background is continuously adjusted to match the ambient light. When tested, our scheme proved robust to differences in illumination. The response time for touch detection was about 100 ms The industrial applications were controlled by a relay as response to touch detection. Keywords— Projector-Camera Systems; Projector-based Display; Touch Detection; Virtual Touch Screen _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


With today's petascale supercomputers, applications often exhibit low efficiency, such as poor communication and I/O performance, that can be diagnosed by analysis tools. However, these tools either produce extremely large trace files that complicate performance analysis, or sacrifice accuracy to collect high-level statistical information using crude averaging. This work contributes Scala-H-Trace, which features more aggressive trace compression than any previous approach, particularly for applications that do not show strict regularity in SPMD behavior. Scala-H-Trace uses histograms expressing the probabilistic distribution of arbitrary communication and I/O parameters to capture variations. Yet, where other tools fail to scale, Scala-H-Trace guarantees trace files of near constant size, even for variable communication and I/O patterns, producing trace files orders of magnitudes smaller than using prior approaches. We demonstrate the ability to collect traces of applications running on thousands of processors with the potential to scale well beyond this level. We further present the first approach to deterministically replay such probabilistic traces (a) without deadlocks and (b) in a manner closely resembling the original applications. Our results show either near constant sized traces or only sub-linear increases in trace file sizes irrespective of the number of nodes utilized. Even with the aggressively compressed histogram-based traces, our replay times are within 12% to 15% of the runtime of original codes. Such concise traces resembling the behavior of production-style codes closely and our approach of deterministic replay of probabilistic traces are without precedence.


In this paper, a radar based on stepped frequency continues wave (SFCW) method is proposed to gain higher range resolution. The method is intended to makes the bandwidth becoming wider without affecting the pulse width to be shorter. Here, the bandwidth equals to the step frequency and the number of generated pulses. The simulation is performed in Matlab® and GNU Radio to measure range detection and its spectrum. It shows that the wide bandwidth of 1.25GHz can be achieve with the range resolution of 0.125m at start frequency of 1.5GHz and step frequency of 10MHz. Moreover, the SFCW radar simulation is also simulated with audio frequency in voice spectrum by using the speaker as transmitter and the microphone as receiver. Although the performance of range resolution is undeterminable accurately due to the echoed signal, however it can show the capability for range detection with the error of 5.35%.


Athough area of Eastern Croatia is rich in various attractive natural resources, valuable cultural and historic heritage, present level of tourism development is underdeveloped comparing to the tourism development of other Croatian regions. This paper analysis possibility of tourism development in the region of Eastern Croatia through the development of tourist family farms in the region. Further, this paper provides an overview of present situation in tourist family farms, critical analysis of the current development stage and analysis of potentials of future development of tourist family farms. Rural farms are insufficienty valorised as potential of tourist development of rural areas despite the comparative advantages of rural areas such as location, natural resources, local populatin and tradition. Initial hypothesis of the paper is: Tourism in Eastern Croatia can be founded and successfully developed on development of tourist family farms and can significantly contribute to the overall development of the region. The paper presents author's cognition that tourism development at rural family farms can be a segment of recognition of Eastern Croatia as a tourist destination through the development of tourist supply at family farms. Purpose of the paper is to determinate level of perception of Eastern Croatia as a tourist destination of tourist family farms. Methodology applied in this paper is desk research where all relevant domestic and foreign expert and scientific literature about the research theme has been studied. The results of the research have been interpreted by using methods of comparative analysis, economic analysis and descriptive methods.Primary research method is also applied through the survey in regional centers of the Republic of Croatia. Survey refers to the development possibilities of eastern Croatia as recognized tourist destination of tourist family farms in the Republic of Croatia.


Co-deposition of different organic dyes using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique yields films of exceptionally high second-order optical nonthiearity due to molecular interactions. 1.


The major role of chemistry in the formation of chemical substances from the pharmaceutical industry, the compounds that are extracted from the plants or the synthetic procedure to synthesize, which were of medicinal importance, but medicinal values are often obtained only in very minimal amounts. Therefore, to encourage production on a large-scale, they should be less cost-effective and novel, degradable products.


Abstract : Necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair of sequences to be realized by a bipartite graph without 1-factor are given. It is shown that k phi = (k(a sub 1),...,k(a sub n)) has a realization with a phi-factor, provided k phi and phi are realizable. It is shown that if phi has a realization with a k-factor it is also realizable by a graph having a k-factor which has a l-factor, for l = or < k, l dot n even. (Author)


Images presented in the mass media often contain subtexts that perpetuate gender stereotypes. We suggest that in some instances, underlying messages in mass media can operate to oppose, rather than reinforce, gender stereotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we used the first ten years of Playboy magazine as our data source. We provide evidence that the magazine attempted to broaden the conceptualization of masculinity by defining as the ideal an identity that incorporated a number of characteristics traditionally associated with women. We identify several processes by which Playboy accomplished this goal. These processes included co-opting the meaning of the word "playboy," associating sexual success with the possession of traditionally feminine traits, and using a rabbit as Playboy's symbol.


1 Motivation The current system of peer-reviewed publications is governed by a cycle — write a paper, submit it, have it undergo review, and be published in an archival journal or conference — that was shaped by the medium used for disseminating the results. Printing and shipping journals or conference proceedings is expensive, and takes time; this gave rise to a publishing process with long lead times and a review process centered on selecting, rather than ranking or commenting. Information nowadays can be disseminated immediately essentially at no cost, and furthermore, in a manner that makes it open to social interaction: in blogs, wikis, forums, social networks, and other venues, people can both share and comment on information. As the medium and its capabilities have changed, so, we argue, should the process of scientific peer reviewing and publishing. The current process has several drawbacks. One of the most salient is the delay imposed on the dissemination of results. In a typical computer science conference, six months may elapse from submission to publication in the proceedings, and this assumes that the conference deadline came just when the paper was ready for submission , and more importantly, that the paper was accepted. To avoid this delay, many authors submit the paper to open repositories such as Arxiv 1 at the same time as they submit it to a conference or journal. While this makes it available to * The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and they do not necessarily reflect those of the insitutions where they are employed.


3-(1-Pyridinio)propanesulfonate, C8H11NO3S, and 3-(benzyldimethylammonio)propanesulfonate monohydrate, C12H19NO3S·H2O, used as additives during protein refolding and crystallization, both crystallize in the monoclinic system in the P21/c space group, with one molecule (or one set of molecules) per asymmetric unit. The solvent water molecule present in the second crystal structure results in the formation of a dimer through hydrogen bonds. The conformation of the propanesulfonate moiety is similar in both structures.


Process for purification treatment of wastewater from malting and breweries, which are contaminated with microorganisms, salts and organic compounds for use in the manufacturing process, wherein waste water after treatment with activated sludge , they are subjected to a precipitation preferably with iron (III) chloride as precipitating medium and then to reverse osmosis, before being returned again to the circuit for use in the manufacturing process.


Traffic routes typically have heavy traffic. Especially, the entrance of the route has a high risk of accidents occurring because of ships entering and exiting the port. However, almost of studies have focused on the distribution of traffic on the route. Thus, studies on the distribution between ships for passing through the route are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to analysis the traffic in the Busan north port No.1 route for one week. Based on present traffic conditions, one gate line was settled on the route with an analysis of traffic conditions. Based on the analysis data, each optimal time probability distribution between ships was divided into inbound/outbound and traffic volume. An analysis of the optimal probability distribution, was applied to 31 probability distributions divided into bounded, unbounded, non-negative, and advanced probability distribution. The KS test was applied for identifying three major optimal time probability distributions. According to the KS test results, the Wakeby distribution is the best optimal time probability distribution on the designated route. Although the optimal time probability distribution for other transportation studies such as on vehicles on highways is a non-negative probability distribution, this distribution is an advanced probability distribution. Thus, the application of major probability distribution for using other transportation studies is not applicable to this study Additionally, the distance between ships in actual traffic surveys and the distance estimated by the optimal probability distribution were compared. As a result of the comparison, those distances were fairly similar. However, this study was conducted in only one major port. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the time between ships and calculate a traffic volume on varying routes in future studies.


Objective To analyze the status and risk factors of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension among residents in Bao'an district,Shenzhen city,so as to provide evidence for formulating related interventions.Methods Subjects were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling method with questionnaire survey,physical examination and laboratory test.The data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results The sample people were 3 230,in which 1 435 people were male,while 1 795 female.The rates of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension were 12.2% and 13.5% respectively.Age,Waist-hip Ratio(WHR),Body Mass Index(BMI),fasting glucose and TC showed a rising trend along with the increase in blood pressure classification.High age,high BMI and high WHR were common risk factors of high-normal blood pressure and hypertension,while family history of hypertension,high alcohol drinking,diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were risk factors of hypertension.Conclusion Propaganda education should be the focus of chronic diseases prevention,and the primary blood pressure measurement system should be carry out.


With the first of four prototype Re4/4IV locomotives with phase-angle thyristor control due for delivery in January next year, Swiss Federal Railways has changed tack after holding a steady course in its main-line motive power policy for nearly 20 years. After investigating the potential of frequency converters and three-phase traction motors in shunting locomotives, it has become clear that the immediate future for main-line motive power lies with thyristor-controlled locomotives. Once the necessary power conditioning technology has matured, SBB hopes that main-line frequency-converter locomotives suitable for Switzerland's mountainous terrain will be developed, as three-phase motors offer considerable advantages.


Hafnium oxide (HfO2) was directly deposited on silicon as a sensing dielectric by RF sputtering. This combination was proposed to replace the HfO2/SiO2 stacked structure. The characterizations of HfO2 sensing dielectrics of various thicknesses were widely investigated using post-rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatments at various temperatures and process times. The pH sensitivity of a 30-nm-thick HfO2 sensing dielectric was 49.2 mV/pH, almost the same as the traditional HfO2/SiO2 stacked electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structure. The verified minimum thickness for a HfO2 sensing dielectric was 4 nm. The ion sensing performance of HfO2-EIS, pH sensitivity, and drift voltage were all improved by RTA treatment. With 900 °C RTA, pH sensitivities can be improved and approach 59.6 mV/pH for all thicknesses of HfO2 sensing dielectric. HfO2 sensing dielectrics with 900 °C RTA are verified as good hydrogen ion sensing materials.


The working profile of whole cycloidal gear is made up of epicycloid and hypocycloid entirely,according to the theory of meshing of gears and the properties of the cycloid,deals with the derivation of the pressure angle formula for the whole cycloidal gear in theory,and reveals changes of the pressure angle of whole cycloidal gear through examples,finds the application relationships between the pressure angle and other design parameters of the whole cycloidal gear,proves the possibility that the whole cycloidal gear can be used in internal parallel move gear mechanism,also provides theoretic fundament for designing internal parallel move whole cycloidal gear correctly.


This paper describes the stepper motor position control implemented using a novel nonsingleton type-1 fuzzy logic system to update the gains of the professional proportional-integral-derivative controller running on ATMEGA 2560 microcontroller. In this work, three controllers are compared: a) the professional proportional-integral-derivative controller, b) the type-1 singleton fuzzy logic system coupled with the professional proportional-integral-derivative controller, and c) the novel type-1 non-singleton fuzzy logic system coupled with the professional proportional-integralderivative controller. The experimental results show that the proposed controller has the best performance. Keywords— Fuzzy logic, Non-singleton, P-PID, singleton, stepper motor.


The main goal of this short essay is to counterpoint – from the viewpoint of international criminal law as a legal discipline – the workshop's discussion on the situational context as contributing factor to mass atrocities, as well as on the conceptual feasibility of a systematic "excusiology" in favor of their perpetrators. First, any account that advocates for a complete defence of "situational inability" to abide by human rights obligations leads to a denial of the basic tenet of international criminal justice: the very idea of individual responsibility as a key tool to fighting against impunity for mass atrocities.
Secondly, the article maintains that underscoring the function assumed by the situational context may lead, however, to a better understanding of some controversial issues of ICL, such as the legal treatment of coercion either as complete or as only incomplete defence; ultimately, to overcoming such cultural divide through a concept of "situational coercion".


Phlegm-damp constitution is one of common types of human constitution.The development trend of phlegm-damp constitution is cerebrovascular accidence,coronary heart disease,diabetes,hypertension,metabolism syndrome,polycystic ovarian syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.General recuperation is a basic and effective approach for preventing and treating the diseases related to phlegm-damp constitution.The principles are to chose therapy according to the variability of an individual,and consider both origin and superficiality.The effective methods include taking Chinese medicinal with actions of fortifying spleen and supplementing qi,and resolving phlegm and removing dampness,and daily health care.The basic formula for recuperating phlegm-damp constitution is Hua Tan Qu Shi Fang,which can be modified according to constitution types and complicating syndromes.Health care refers mainly to the control of emotion,diet,daily life and exercises.


Prevalence of astigmatism in patients undergoing cataract surgery ! ¦ " V" ƒ " ""X $ also have astigmatism, this is a huge number but fortunately, most of them have less than 1.0 D of astigmatism. 15% 23% of eyes exhibited more than 1.5 D of astigmatism in a series of 6000 & 7500 patients undergoing cataract surgery1,2. Others reported3-10 that only 8% exhibited > 2.0D of corneal astigmatism and 2.6% undergoing cataract exhibited > 3.0 D.


I n 1937, Alan Turing formalized the notion of computation by introducing the Turing machine, thus laying the theoretical foundations of modern computer science. Turing also introduced a stronger computational model: a Turing machine with an oracle. In addition to performing computations itself, such a machine is able to ask the oracle questions and immediately receive correct answers, even if these questions are too hard for the machine itself to compute. Depending on the oracle's capabilities, a Turing machine with an oracle therefore could be much stronger than the machine on its own. The oracle itself is an unspecified entity, " apart from saying that it cannot be a machine " (from Turing's 1939 work, Undecidable). The concept of a Turing machine with an oracle is purely mathematical, yet it springs to mind when observing how today's computers use human capabilities in order to solve problems. Computers are now able to complete tasks that involve challenges far beyond what algorithms and artificial intelligence can achieve today— recognizing anomalies in photos, solving a Captcha puzzle, or judging artistic value—by outsourcing these challenges to humans. Millions of people being on the internet is what makes this outsourcing possible on a large scale. It's known as crowdsourcing. Understanding these reversed forms of human-computer symbiosis, in which the computer asks a person to compute something instead of vice versa, is the main object of research in the rising field of human computation. SymbIoSIS While we say that computers are using human capabilities, of course it's really humans who are using computers in order to utilize other humans' capabilities. Indeed, in many applications the role of computers is simply to coordinate between humans as they interact among themselves. This aspect of human computation can be described as a novel form of social organization, in which computers are mediators. The most prominent example is Wikipedia, where computers serve as the platform for aggregation of knowledge and efforts by many people, making it possible to produce a vast, comprehensive, and coherent encyclopedia equivalent to a printed book of around 1,000 volumes, all in a completely distributed manner! The articles in this issue of XRDS provide striking answers to major questions in the field of human computation and crowdsourcing. At the same time, they generate even more questions, highlighting future research directions and opportunities to get involved in the field. IncentIveS Do people partake in human computation tasks …


Based on the definition of zero divisor in community can be determined the zero advisor in matrix ring. Which the matrix element be the element of commulatif ring R. Getting tthe zero divisor in matrix ring is not as easy as getting the zero divisor in commulatif ring R so the necessary and sufficient condition are needed.


The transmission of compressed video over channels with different capacities may require a reduction in bit rate if the transmission channel has a lower capacity than the capacity required by the video bit-stream, or when the channel capacity is changing over time. The process of converting a compressed video format into another compressed format is known as transcoding.
This thesis addresses the specific transcoding problem of dynamic bit-rate adaptation for transmission over low bandwidth wireless channels. Transmitting compressed video over lower bandwidth wireless channels require accurate and efficient rate-control schemes. In this thesis, we propose several techniques to improve transcoding performance. Based on our experimental results, we present an approximate linear bit allocation model and macroblock layer rate-control algorithm, which can achieve accurate transcoding bit-rate. By reusing useful statistics information from the incoming compressed video, the bit-rate of the transcoded video can be determined according to the video scene context.
Considering a specific bursty error wireless channel, we propose a solution which combines video transcoding and an ARQ protocol to transmit compressed video over this channel. In order to make sure that the end decoder can decode and play the transcoded video within the required end-to-end delay, we analyze the rate and buffer constraints of the transcoder and derive the conditions that have to be met by the transcoder. In order to test the proposed solution, we use a statistical channel model to simulate the wireless channel and use this model and channel observation to estimate the effective channel bandwidth, which will be fed back to the transcoder for better rate control.
In this thesis, we discuss two applications. For real time video communication over wireless channel, we propose an algorithm that determines the transcoding scaling factor considering end-to-end delay, buffer fullness and effective channel bandwidth. For pre-encoded video distribution over wireless channels, we propose an algorithm which can determine the transcoding bit budget based on end-to-end delay, effective bandwidth, and original video bit profile. The proposed algorithm outperforms H.263 TMN8 in terms of video quality and buffer behavior with the same computational requirements.


With the extensive collection of various trajectories, a lot of trajectory mining methods have been developed and brought into effect in different applications. The same is true for trajectory clustering. It enables the construction of diverse applications (e.g., mobile social networks) and can promote the intelligence of existing services (e.g., optimizing public transit). In the paper, we propose a three-phase clustering strategy ODTC (Origin Destination pair oriented Trajectories Clustering) for the massive trajectories in the form of OD (Origin Destination) pairs and demonstrate the impact of trajectory clustering on evaluating and adjusting public transit operations. In our ODTC strategy, trajectories are partitioned in the first phase by coarsegrained clustering, reflecting an idea of divide and conquer. While during the second phase of fine-grained clustering, we model the relations of OD pairs as a sparse graph where the spatial and temporal features as well as the constraints of road networks are integrated into the similarity of trajectories. Then we apply a spectral clustering algorithm on the graph to capture clusters. In particular, in the third phase, we borrow the idea from text data mining and give a feasible method to mine the semantics of clusters. As a case study, we perform ODTC on the large-scale trajectories from the Beijing Public Transport Group. From the clustering results, we can observe the mobility patterns of bus passengers. Further, we exploit the clustering results to discover the dynamics of bus operations, evaluate the bus lines and provide support for making the decisions on bus operations.


Chemoprevention utilizing dietary agents is an effective means to slow the development of prostate cancer. We evaluated the potential additive and synergistic effects of genistein and resveratrol for suppressing prostate cancer in the Simian Virus‐40 T‐antigen (SV‐40 Tag) targeted probasin promoter rat model, a transgenic model of spontaneously developing prostate cancer.


Based on a comprehensive analysis of lithostratigraphy,chronostratigraphy,spore-pollen zones and foraminiferal assemblages of the Quaternary bore core from the northern bank of the Qiantang River,the author holds that the Holocene sedimentation began from the depth of 35.7 m(about 10.4 ka B.P.) ,and the strata from this level to the depth of 71.1 m should belong to Late Pleistocene. The author also divides the paleoenvironmental evolution of this hole since 31.2 ka B.P. into five development stages,with a systematic description made in such aspects as paleovegetation,paleoclimate and paleogeography of each stage. It is pointed out that the second stage(20.1~10.4 ka B.P.) was within the low sea level period,during which the climate was cool,cold and dry,that the early period of the second stage may correspond to the glacial maximum of last glaciation,and that the fourth stage(7.5~2.5 ka B.P.) was within the high sea level period,when the climate was warm,hot and damp,corresponding to the Holocene climate optimum that was in line with the global change. The climate change of the last 30,000 years since Late Quaternary in this area exhibits a good comparability with that of the Shenzhen Bay area in southern China.


Omicron B.1.1.529 became the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in early 2022, causing a new wave of public anxiety. Compared to the ancestral strain, Omicron has 50 mutations, with over 30 mutations in the spike protein. These differences likely underlie the changes in Omicron biology noted in other studies, including an attenuation in the lung parenchyma, compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and other variants, as well as a preference for endosomal entry, in place of the TMPRSS2-mediated membrane fusion pathway. This raises questions on Omicron tropism and infectivity in various target organ systems, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Up to 70% of COVID-19 patients report GI symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Here, we show that in the context of donor intrinsic genetic heterogeneity, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infects human colonoids similarly, if not less effectively, than the ancestral WT (WA1) strain or the Delta variant. Additionally, we note a higher ratio of viral RNA to infectious virus titer, which may suggest that Omicron is potentially less infectious in the intestine. This study lays the foundation for further work defining mechanisms mediating intestinal infection and pathogenesis by Omicron.


Local electric fields appeared in dielectric and semiconductors due to the destruction of symmetry, creating the vacancies, point defects, and chemical impurities in material. By increasing external electric field value, numerous structural changes will be generated. Point defects in silicon films were characterized by using electron-paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and laser picosecond spectroscopy. EPR spectroscopy provides the detailed microscopic information about the point defects in silicon films, which have unpaired electrons. The switching effect for A or (VO) (cid:1) defects was observed by applied bias voltage for nanocrystalline silicon films. The intensitiesof EPR signal change according to the switching of position of oxygen incorporated in silicon (111) from one pair of silicon atom to another pair of silicon atoms. In this case, the interaction between p x orbital is changed to p z orbital. The proposed mechanism of states ' switching for the vacancy (VO) (cid:1) is based on a model of coupled dangling bonds (DBs) of silicon atoms and interaction between atomic orbitals. The crystal phase destruction in nanocrystalline silicon film by applying external electric field was inves-tigated by Raman spectroscopy. The possible mechanism of phase creation was proposed.


Abstract A Northeast China cold vortex (NCCV) that maintained from 0200 UTC 3 July to 0500 UTC 3 July 2013 and caused several heavy rainfall events was analyzed in detail to reveal its quadrant-averaged structure and main maintaining mechanisms during its mature stage. Results indicated the vortex's intensity, divergence, ascending motions, precipitable water (PW), and thermal structures were all characterized by significant unevenness, and their main pattern changed gradually during the mature stage. Mechanisms accounting for the maintenance of the NCCV were also characterized by remarkable unevenness. Within different quadrants, dominant factors for the vortex's evolution may have differed from each other significantly. The NCCV-averaged vorticity budget revealed that the vertical advection of vorticity, which is closely related to convective activities, was the most favorable factor for maintaining the NCCV, whereas the tilting effect, which is closely related to the vertical shear of the horizontal wind (horizontal vorticity), was the most detrimental factor.


We have developed a single chip motion JPEG codec LSI that can compress and decompress VGA-size (640 x 480) JPEG images at the rate of 30 frames per second(fps) simply by connecting a single external buffer memory chip. The LSI uses compression ratio control to store a fixed number of images when there is limited memory capacity, and it compresses data stored in the frame buffer so that it can process signals at high speed without using high-speed image memory.