Introduction: Color matching, visual combination and accurate shade selection with natural teeth are important
issues in restorative dentistry. In ceramometal restorations, the type of substructure alloy affects the final color of
bonded porcelain. Minalux alloy, is the most commonly used Iranian product which is a base metal alloy (Ni-Cr). The
aim of this study is to compare the effect of three base metal alloys (Wirron 99, Bellabond and Minalux) on their
masking of porcelain color and to assess various color dimentions between them.
Material & Methods: In this in vitro study, ten disks, approximately 0.3 mm thick and 1 cm diameter, were
prepared from each alloy. Then a 1 mm thickness layer of vita VMK68 porcelain shade A2 was baked onto them,
following the manufacture's instruction. Ten samples with 5 mm thickness were prepared from the same porcelain
and designated the "control group". All samples, with similartining and in similar conditions of environmental light
were assessed by a computer colorimetry instrument; and color values such as l*, a* and b* under CLE-LAB system
were measured. The data were analyzed by one-way-Anova and Tukey tests.
Results: Three alloys in this study as compared with the control group, had significant effect on the three variables
l*, a* and b* (respectively P=0.004, P=0.037, P<0.001). In these alloys, Wirron 99 and Bellabond, had significant
difference on the two variables l* (P-value=0.025) and a* (P-value=0.037); but Minalux alloy did not have any
significant difference with other groups. The comparison between the average of ∆E quantities alloys, indicated that
the difference of Vita porcelain shade A2 baked on Wirron 99 and Bellabond was significant.
Conclusion: The effect of Iranian minalux alloy on color's parts and it's related ∆E quantity, is in a similar range of
two foreign alloy products Wirron 99 and Bellabond.
Key words: Base metal, color, porcelain.


ABSTRACT Here, we describe a high-content microscopy-based screen that allowed us to systematically assess and rank proteins involved in Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport in mammalian cells. Using a cell line stably expressing a GFP-tagged Golgi enzyme, we used brefeldin A treatment to stimulate the production of Golgi-to-ER carriers and then quantitatively analysed populations of cells for changes in this trafficking event. Systematic RNA interference (RNAi)-based depletion of 58 Rab GTPase proteins and 12 Rab accessory proteins of the PRAF, YIPF and YIF protein families revealed that nine of these were strong regulators. In addition to demonstrating roles for Rab1a, Rab1b, Rab2a, and Rab6a or Rab6a′ in this transport step, we also identified Rab10 and Rab11a as playing a role and being physically present on a proportion of the Golgi-to-ER tubular intermediates. Combinatorial depletions of Rab proteins also revealed previously undescribed functional co-operation and physical co-occurrence between several Rab proteins. Our approach therefore provides a novel and robust strategy for a more complete investigation of the molecular components required to regulate Golgi-to-ER transport in mammalian cells. Summary: An automated high-content microscopy screen is used to quantitatively explore the role of Rab family GTPases in Golgi-to-ER traffic, revealing that nine proteins are strong regulators of this process.


The invention provides an airflow unlocking method and an airflow unlocking system of a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring airflow; determining intensity of the acquired airflow; detecting and judging whether the determined airflow intensity is in a preset airflow intensity range; and if the determined airflow intensity is in the preset airflow intensity range, unlocking the mobile terminal. According to the method and the system, the mobile terminal is unlocked according to the airflow intensity by acquiring the airflow, so that unlocking experiences are brought to a user.


This article aims at presenting an overview of direct parametric continuous-time linear model identification from sampled data. The main approaches for transfer function model estimation are described such as the traditional state-variable filter approach, the optimal instrumental variable method and the output error technique. The CONTSID toolbox that supports most of the techniques developed over the last thirty years is briefly presented and the main advantages of direct data-based modelling are exposed. A few more advanced aspects are then discussed including state-space model identification by subspace techniques, closed-loop and errors-in-variables model identification.


Built-in self-test (BIST) approaches are suitable for in-field testing since they do not require a tester for storage and application of test data. They also reduce the security vulnerabilities associated with loading and unloading of external test data into scan chains. As technologies evolve, in-field testing needs to address more complex defect and aging mechanisms that require specific deterministic tests. This can be addressed by BIST approaches that store test data on-chip and use the data for on-chip generation of both random and deterministic tests. In this case, there is a tradeoff between the amount of stored test data and the comprehensiveness of the test set that can be applied. This article explores this tradeoff in a specific context that has the following main features: 1) the initial stored test data is based on a stuck-at test set; 2) the target faults are single-cycle gate-exhaustive faults; and 3) the stored test data is enhanced gradually by test data based on a gate-exhaustive test set to increase the coverage of gate-exhaustive faults.


Helson Algren's four novels, Somebody In. Boots . never Coma Morning . The Han with £ha Golden Arm. an* L tatf 2S. ii!£ Wild Side , have heroes who are from the lowest levels of American aoolety. These heroes may be oalled marginal figures In that they are at the bottom of the American social experience. 3ut the term marginal does not describe olosely enough the pattern that their experiences of conflict define for them. Ihab Hassan's book, Bad^cal Innooencet Studies In tjje Contemporary Aaerloan ftovel . suggests three types of heroes against whloh a hero can be considered i the pharmakos or scapegoat figure, the elron or self-deprecating figure, and the alason or rebellious figure. Algren's heroes, like the heroes examined by Hassan, partake of the qualities of all of these figures. The resulting figure that the reader sees Is, therefore, a oomposlte one, designated by Hassan as the radloal lnnooent, the rebelvictim. The radloal Innocent Is the figure who both has pain thrust upon him and also brings It upon himself and yet who has some capacity for enduring It. His awareness of his pain Is a ohlef mark of his humanity, and his struggle to maintain his human dignity In the throes of pain Is an affirmation of life. Eaoh of Algren's heroes suffers because of his desire for social and financial Improvement of himself, but his ohlef source of pain comes In the struggle to find and maintain a satisfactory personal relationship with a member of the opposite sex, a relationship whloh will fulfill his basic humanity. Prom his Inability to cope wall anough with his situation to achieve this result comes his designation as an unproflclent hero. Algren's heroes seek Initiation Into the perenlalljr fulfilling realities of human life. Though all of hie heroes taste this type of reality with a female counterpart from their societal levels, only one, Dove Llnkhorn of Algren's last novel, A Walk on t£e Wild Side , has any possibility of being able to escape ultimate defeat or endless recurrences of defeat. Additionally, his awareness of his own humanity and the humanity of those around him is the greatest of the four figures. Dove's human awareness in the midst of ironic discrepancy between the way he has hoped for life to be and the way he has aotually found it seems to be Algren's affirmation of the possibilities of survival for the human spirit! this affirmation is made regardless of its unproficlenoy in the faoe of the terribly ironic discrepancies In life that have faced his earlier figures and that face the contemporary Self living In all levels of American life.


The utility model discloses a height -adjustable's over -and -under type table chair, including table chair body, reinforcing plate, lifting set, screw, screw thread post, a bevel gear, no. Two bevel gear, rotary rod, handle, bearing fixed block, support cover, base and support rings, table chair body lower extreme is equipped with lifting set, is equipped with the reinforcing plate between lifting set and the table chair body, being equipped with the screw in the lifting set, being equipped with the screw thread post in the screw, screw thread post lower extreme is equipped with and supports the cover, is equipped with the support ring outside the screw thread post, screw thread post lower extreme is equipped with bevel gear no. One, no. Two bevel gear of a bevel gear right side meshing, and no. Two bevel gear right sides are equipped with the rotary rod, and the rotary rod just with between supporting set is equipped with the bearing fixed block, the rotary rod right -hand member is equipped with the handle, it is equipped with the base to support the cover lower extreme, the utility model is simple and reasonable in structure, convenient operation has avoided taking place in the current device the sharply problem of gliding of the table body, has eliminated the potential safety hazard.


Minimally Invasive Surgical robots are commonly seen in medical centres for surgical purposes. However, the major challenges seen with such robotic systems are its heavy weight, costly and lack of capability to reconfigure according to the patient-specific needs. In this paper, a robot is proposed to overcome the difficulties with existing robotic systems. Six different concepts are proposed in this paper which are modelled in SolidWorks software. The best design has been selected using the concept scoring technique. Besides, the forward and inverse kinematics for the best concept is achieved using the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) modelling technique. Finally, results obtained from the analytical model has been verified using Peter Corke Toolbox in MATLAB. The trajectory planning of the selected concept has be done using the third-order polynomial equation and it is plotted using MATLAB.


ISCUSSIONS of the nature and prospects of economic development in India have repeatedly drawn attention to cultural impediments to the evolution of a modern economy. Institutions such as the extended family, caste, and religion have been said to resist change and retard the development of more adaptive and innovative attitudes and values. Although there are good reasons for considering such views to be exaggerations, it is interesting in this connection to examine contexts in which such institutions have changed. Society among Indian communities overseas provides a field for studying situations where key institutions of Indian culture were radically adapted or gradually discarded in the face of new political and economic conditions presented by emigration. The aim of this exploratory essay is to review briefly an extensive and growing literature,' sketching broadly a range of factors associated with the


The present study was undertaken to describe the pharmacokinetics of a new solution‐based intranasal triamcinolone acetonide formulation (Tri‐Nasaf®) in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and to use a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) simulation approach to compare the potential effects on plasma cortisol with that of an aqueous suspension‐based nasal triamcinolone acetonide formulation (Nasacort® AQ). Data from an open‐label, randomized, three‐way crossover study in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis receiving three doses (100, 200, and 400 μg) of a nasal solution‐based triamcinolone acetonide formulation (Tri‐Nasal®) over 7 days were used to describe the pharmacokinetics of this formulation. Available literature data for a suspension‐based aqueous triamcinolone acetonide formulation (Nasacort® AQ) were used to describe its pharmacokinetic profile after similar single doses of 110, 220, and 440 μg. A PK/PD simulation approach was used to predict the anticipated cumulative cortisol suppression (CCS) of these two formulations. These simulations suggested a cortisol suppression of 8% to 16% for the single and steady‐ state doses of the solution‐based product. Similar CCS estimates were predicted for equivalent doses of the aqueous suspension‐based triamcinolone acetonide formulation with no difference between both formulations. Post hoc power analysis suggested that the predicted cortisol suppression is not likely to be significant for either preparation, including the clinically recommended doses of 200 and 220 μg of the solution‐based and suspension‐based formulations, respectively. In summary, based on the results of this PK/PD simulation, the plasma levels observed after nasal administration of the solution or the aqueous suspension are unlikely to induce a clinically relevant cortisol suppression, especially for the recommended dosing regimens of200 and 220 μg/day.


One of the most traditional lines of work in the Chemistry is about the complex formation. In our laboratories this study is accomplished under a systematic way, principally involving pseudohalide and halide ligands with cations of transition metals. The intense color produced by the reactions among the pseudohalide ligands and metal have been so much explored by spectrophotometic analises. The strong red color characteristic of compounds formed between iron(III) and thiocyanate ions is one of the largest evidences of the analogy existent between the thiocyanate and azide(N3 ) ligands. Studies done in our laboratories in the presence of some solvents and using iron-II ion have showed a fast oxidation of this metal followed by immediate reaction between the pseudohalide ligand and the metal. The possibilities of new methods for determination of the total amount of iron in a sample, as well as its speciation, have been analysed. During the study of the oxidation of the iron-II, several parameters that affect the oxidation speed in this system like: acidity, ligands concentration, temperature and presence of organic solvent, were verified carefully. This way, the recommended experimental conditions for a rapid oxidation and utilizing this system (determination of total iron) are: C 4 HClO = 30 mmoll C SCN = 250 mmoll CAcetone = 70% (v/v) T = 25°C λmáx = 480nm waiting time = 7 minutes


As speech datasets used in sociolinguistic research increase in size, laborious and time-intensive manual orthographic transcription is a challenge, limiting the amount of (transcribed) data which can be analysed. In this paper, I discuss the use of (commercial) automatic speech recognition (ASR) as a tool in sociolinguistic research in the context of a case study: the Lothian Diary Project. I describe the kinds of errors produced by two commercial ASR systems for British English within the broader context of algorithmic bias in ASR, and suggest some best practices when working with ASR in sociolinguistic work. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol28/iss2/11 (Commercial) Automatic Speech Recognition as a Tool in Sociolinguistic Research


Petunia vein clearing virus (PVCV), a possible member of the caulimovirus group, was detected in several cultivars of vegetatively propagated petunias ( Petunia × hybrida Hort. Volm.-Andr.) grown in commercial nurseries. Leaf dip preparations and ultrathin sections of leaf tissue were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Spherical virus particles, 45-50 nm in diameter, were observed in samples taken from symptomatic petunia plants. The virus was purified and a polyclonal antiserum was prepared. In immuno-specific electron microscopy (ISEM), the PVCV antiserum-treated samples reacted with a distinct decoration on the virus suspect particles. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used to detect PVCV in total nucleic acid extracts derived from infected petunia plants. Two primer pairs were designed to flank a 736-base- pair sequence located in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of the PVCV genome. A DNA fragment of predicted size was visualized in agarose gels. The authenticity of the amplified DNA fragment was confirmed by restriction analysis and by hybridization with the virus-specific PVCV DNA probe. The virus could be detected efficiently in high dilutions of sap extracted from infected petunia plants .


When industries modularize, the degree to which firms capture value can shift. This paper develops a conceptual framework to understand when industries modularize, and how firm actions influence su...


Background.  Although the anti‐Helicobacter pylori activity of bismuth is well established, the therapeutic potential of other metal ions against the organism is not known.


Various cell wall polysaccharides such as IAP(ionically associated pectin), CBP(covalently bounded pectin), HF(hemicellulosic fraction) and CF(cellulosic fraction) were fractionated by chemical method from hot pepper fruit cell wall during ripening and softening. And then, the composition of the polysaccharides were determined. The IAP and CBP were composed of polyuronide, hemicellulose and cellulose. And hemicellulose also contained polyuronide and cellulose. The containing ratio of hemicellulose associated with the CBP was higher than IAP. All of the polysaccharides except CF decreased by the turning stage showed softening. The polyuronide made up IAP changed little but, that of the CBP increased during softening owing mainly to decrease of the hemicellulose that was bounded to the CBP and was mostly linked to galactose.


The aim of this article is to explore a possible approach to the problem of designing control and diagnostic strategies for future generations of automotive engines. The work described focuses on the use of physical models to estimate unmeasured or unmeasurable variables and parameters, to be used for control and diagnostic purposes. We introduce the mean value engine model used, present a conceptual strategy for combined control and diagnosis focusing mainly on the problem of air fuel ratio control, review basic concepts related to estimation in nonlinear systems, and propose various forms of the estimators that serve different objectives. We illustrate estimation problems in the context of a simplified engine model, assuming both linear and nonlinear measurement of oxygen concentration in the exhaust. Some simulation and experimental results related to estimation-based control and diagnosis are shown.


The article analyzes the status when the electromotor is running.Ba se d on the electromotor's failure features,such as phase and ground fault,stator winding open circuit,overload,offset voltage and superheat etc.It puts forwa rd the project of practical electromotor protector that grounds on196series S CM,for instance zero sequence current protection,negative sequence current p rotection,positive sequence current protection,overload protection,superheat protection,offset voltage protection etc.It also puts up establishment and d erivation of mathematical model in algorithm.In addition to these,it carries t hrough optimistic design in hardware and software,especially introduces complex programmable logic device ISPLSI-1032E gate array,therefore the setting b ecomes more concise and stable.In all,the setting have many characteristics su ch as rapid velocity,nicer anti-jamming,powerful protection etc.


Wildfires pose a severe threat to the ecosystem and economy, and risk assessment is typically based on fire danger indices such as the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) used in Australia. Studying the joint tail dependence structure of high-resolution spatial FFDI data is thus crucial for estimating current and future extreme wildfire risk. However, existing likelihood-based inference approaches are computationally prohibitive in high dimensions due to the need to censor observations in the bulk of the distribution. To address this, we construct models for spatial FFDI extremes by leveraging the sparse conditional independence structure of H\"usler--Reiss-type generalized Pareto processes defined on trees. These models allow for a simplified likelihood function that is computationally efficient. Our framework involves a mixture of tree-based multivariate Pareto distributions with randomly generated tree structures, resulting in a flexible model that can capture nonstationary spatial dependence structures. We fit the model to summer FFDI data from different spatial clusters in Mainland Australia and 14 decadal windows between 1999--2022 to study local spatiotemporal variability with respect to the magnitude and extent of extreme wildfires. Our results demonstrate that our proposed method fits the margins and spatial tail dependence structure adequately, and is helpful to provide extreme wildfire risk measures.


The length of Yuanjiang expressway in Yunnan Province is 147km.After construction,many landslide sand collapses have taken place there,so the slide slope control is very urgent.Using prestressed anchor rope to reinforce slide slope is an application technique that has developed in recent years.This technique has many advantages,such as low cost,simple construction and the reliability of bearing force.It is an initative technique to reinforce slide slope,which has more practical value in controlling collapse and landslide.This paper mainly introduces the design and construction technique of prestressed anchor rope ground beam,as well as the practical example and application of the reinforcement in collapse high slide slope.


In this study, the weight of the twelve cows was ranging from 435-570kg. The animals in this study were in the 2 to 4 lactation season. In order to study the production of milk and its composition by the effect of the tested rations, cows were subdivided into four groups (three cows in each group). According to NRC (2001) recommendations all groups were fed individually. The period of the experiment was 140 days (20 weeks) after 6 weeks from calving. The four experimental rations as DM were formulated nearly as follows : control: 52% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) (40% corn grain, 30% wheat bran, 23% undecorticated cottonseed meal, 5% molasses, 0.5% salt and 1.5% limestone) + 20% corn silage (CS) + 28% rice straw (RS), experimental ration 1 (Exp.1): 52% CFM (35% corn grain, 30% wheat bran, 10% corn gluten feed (CG), 18% undecorticated cottonseed meal, 5% molasses, 0.5% salt and 1.5% limestone) + 20% CS + 28% RS, (Exp.2): 52% CFM ( 32.5% corn grain, 30% wheat bran, 15% CG, 15.5% undecorticated cottonseed meal, 5% molass, 0.5% salt and 1.5% limestone) + 20% CS + 28% RS and (Exp.3): 52% CFM (30% corn grain, 30% wheat bran, 20% CG, 13% undecorticated cottonseed meal, 5% molasses, 0.5% salt and 1.5% limestone) + 20% CS + 28% RS. The dry matter intakes (% body weight) were higher with feeding on Exp.1 or Exp.2 (3.38 and 3.51) respectively, than feeding on control or Exp.3 (3.25 and 3.26, respectively). There was no significant effect on the average daily milk yield with feeding the experimental rations from Week 1 to Week 20. The average daily milk yield results were 13.68, 14.71, 15.73 and 14.79 Kg /day with feeding on the control, Exp.1, Exp.2 and Exp.3, respectively. The highest value was with feeding on Exp.2 than the other rations. Regarding the milk composition, protein (%( was higher (p <0.05) with feeding on Exp.1 than feeding on Exp.2 or Exp.3 (2.42, 2.26 and 2.28) respectively, but there was no significant effect with the control ration (2.37) and there was no significant effect between the control and Exp.3. Milk total solids (%), fat (%), lactose (%), solids non-fat (%), net energy of lactation (Mcal /Kg), fat corrected milk (Kg / day), fat yield (Kg / day), protein yield (Kg / day) and lactose yield (Kg / day) did not significantly affect by dietary treatments. The best values of feed conversion (dry matter intake Kg/Kg fat corrected milk) were with feeding on rations containing corn gluten feed: Exp.1, Exp.2 and Exp.3 (1.15, 1.14 and 1.16) respectively, than the control (1.27) which was without corn gluten feed. The highest values of the profit (LE) were with feeding on Exp.1, Exp.2 and Exp.3 (29.08, 30.64 and 30.32) than feeding on the control one (23.72), respectively. The replacement of amounts of corn grain and cottonseed meal in the concentrate feed mixture in lactating cows rations by 15% corn gluten feed are often considered for enhancing production of milk, persistency and economic efficiency.


In compliance with Electronic Government (E-Government) policy 1997, government bodies need to implement electronic records in their administration, such as Electronic Records Management (ERM). ERM has a significant influence on the management of public electronic documents. Unlike traditional records settings, the electronic environment becomes the duty of every employee, regardless of rank. In this regard, user participation is critical to the success of ERM implementation. As a result, a robust implementation strategy that works hand in hand with policy and guidelines is required to promote user acceptance of the system. The implementation of ERM is a lengthy and complex process that impacts how people operate at all levels. As a result, change management should be included. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the existing practice of electronic records management in the Public Services Commission of Malaysia (SPA), a well-known government body in Malaysia. A total of 76 questionnaires were distributed to randomly chosen sections within the SPA. 75 questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 98.68%. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. The results revealed that the procedures for managing electronic records management systems must be quickly provided or reviewed. It is because, despite the fact that the majority of transactions are now conducted online, national regulations have been developed. Moreover, systematic records management may aid in the delivery of public services, and the positive impact of an ERM system has been shown in several government organisations. Besides that, public officials at all levels should be educated about ERM in order to foster a culture of exceptional service. There is a need to raise awareness among people or staff about the significance of electronic records management as a basis for honesty and accountability.


The object of this work is the implementation of a measurement technique of mechanical parameters of some plastic materials. After the presentation of the most common viscoelastic models and in particular the complex modulus model, the measurement technique is presented and discussed.


When triggered, the lobes of the Venus flytrap buckle and snap shut with a movement that lasts 100–300 milliseconds. Although many details about the trap, such as the triggering mechanism, have been described, its hydraulically driven nature and the elastic properties of its lobes remain unclear. Renate Sachse, Anna Westermeier, et al. (pp. 16035–16042) suggest that Venus flytrap snapping is driven by a simultaneous expansion of the lobe's outer surface and contraction of its inner surface—a process that requires the plant to be fully hydrated. Before snapping, the lobes likely accumulate internal hydrostatic pressure, priming the trap to instantaneously snap shut when triggered. The authors support the model using 3D digital image correlation, finite element modeling, and in vivo experiments and report that the mechanics of Venus flytrap snapping represent an elaborate and coordinated process in which multiple tissue layers swell and contract, liberating stored energy to close rapidly enough to trap prey. The findings add to a growing body of work that seeks a mechanistic understanding of Venus flytrap movement, according to the authors. — T.J.


To support multicast communications for live media, the authors propose a group synchronization mechanism and enhance an intra-stream/inter-stream synchronization mechanism which they previously proposed for live media. The proposed method employs estimates of network delays for adjustment of the output timing among the destinations. The authors have implemented the mechanisms on a lip-synch experimental system. Live video of a speaker and his voice captured at a source are multicast, and then they are synchronized and output at the destinations. This paper also presents the system performance such as coefficient of variation of output interval, total pause time, mean square error of synchronization, average output rate, and average delay.


The interdisciplinary nature of water resources problems requires the integration of technical, economic, environmental, social, and legal aspects into a coherent analytical framework. This paper presents the development of a new integrated hydrologic-agronomic-economic model in the context of a river basin in which irrigation is the dominant water use and irrigation-induced salinity presents a major environmental problem. The model's main advantage is its ability to reflect the interrelationships between essential hydrologic, agronomic, and economic components and to explore both economic and environmental consequences of various policy choices. All model components are incorporated into a single consistent model, which is solved in its entirety by a simple but effective decomposition approach. The model is applied to a case study of water management in the Syr Darya River basin in Central Asia.


In recent years, women have received about 45 percent of all baccalaureate degrees, but only approximately 20 percent of all Ph.D.s. Does this imply that academic careers, as compared with careers of the wider market for college graduates, are less conducive to dual career-family objectives? Evidence suggesting the relative tradeoff of these objectives is shown by the fact that over the last thirty years, the (zero-order) correlation between average cohort fertility and the proportion of Ph.D. recipients who are women is 0.939. A female recipient of a doctorate is twice as likely as a male recipient to have specialized in the humanities and only one-third as likely to have specialized in a physical science field. Furthermore, of those who receive a doctorate in physical science, a male is 60 percent more likely than a female to pursue research as a primary work activity. In the humanities, on the other hand, a woman is at least as likely as a man to have research as an initial postdoctoral work activity. Obviously, many factors affect opportunities and resultant decisions to enter particular careers and to select specific occupational specialties. This study considers only onethe rate of obsolescence or depreciation of knowledge as reflected in the age profile of cited works. This measure of the obsolescence of knowledge refers to the rate of decay in the relative frequency at which citations are made to a particular vintage of research communications as the communications age; in other words, the usefulness of older published research papers as an input to current research depreciates over time. The rate at which this depreciation occurs is interpreted as measuring the durability of a professor's accumulated stock of knowledge. Evidence presented in Section II indicates that the durability of knowledge varies considerably from discipline to discipline. This information raises a number of questions concerning how the durability of knowledge influences career decisions. One influence considered here is that of a temporary career interruption. For example, if a woman experiences a break in her academic career, such as for the purpose of raising children, she will incur an opportunity cost in the sense that her research knowledge will to some extent become obsolete. Consequently, her accumulated stock of knowledge will decline relative to those professors who have continuous careers. The relative cost imposed on a woman who pursues dual family-career objectives is higher the less durable the jobrelated knowledge. This difference in relative costs is expected to alter career incentives. The results presented here suggest that women who pursue academic careers have responded to these incentives. Before discussing the evidence on female careers, I consider a more general model in which a professor is assumed to have a continuous career profile. This model, which is more appropriately viewed as a " male" model of investment behavior, is used to analyze how the durability of a professor's knowledge affects his research productivity over a career. Interestingly, the evidence suggests that a professor's response to less-durable knowledge is not to compact all learning early in his career, but rather to "smooth" learning over the career. Perhaps the most *Assistant professor, Arizona State University. I would like to thank an anonymous referee and many friends for helpful comments on earlier drafts. I am especially indebted to Finis Welch for valuable suggestions throughout the development of this paper. The views expressed are my own and I am responsible for any possible errors.


Welding processes are quite complex in nature as they involve the interaction of multiple physical phenomena. The thermal history developed during the process causes the material to undergo complex phase transformations. Non-uniform contraction and expansion of heat affected, softer, areas constrained by cooler, harder, areas of the material induce residual stresses and the weldment undergoes permanent deformation. When thick sections are welded, the formation of phases and the distribution of residual stresses are even more complex. These could lead to failure of the welded components during service. For the design of pressure vessel applications understanding the phase formation and residual stress distribution in thick weldments is critical. Numerical simulation was used to understand the influence of multiple variables on the residual stresses induced by a welding process The challenges involved in performing welding simulation of thick sections are described. Furthermore numerical and experimental results are compared and discussed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


While patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of aggressive behaviour, prior research has shown increased rates of aggressive behaviours in these patients that appear very early in the course of illness. We aimed to assess aggression in antipsychotic‐naive first‐episode schizophrenia patients, their healthy siblings, and controls; and to investigate correlates of aggression in the patients group.


Mineral materials are increasingly applied in scientific and technical fields. Some unique features of them, such as adsorption and filtration, are gradually acknowledged and used in water treatment. In this article, the achievements of mineral material used in water treatment and its prospect are introduced.


Bullacta exarata,a kind of shell mollusk,lives on inshore tidal land as a cooking material popular in coastal region in China.It can be subdivided into yellow spiral shell and grease spiral shell and the best fishing time comes in June and July every year.Removing the sand from bullacta exarata is an initial step taken before cooking and various cooking methods,besides salting and wining,quick-boiling,quick-frying,stir-frying,braising are available.The cooked dish tastes tender,crisp,fresh and delicious.


The new genus A~vssa is proposed for the Ecuadorian milliped onginally named Leptodesmus kalobatus by Brolemann in 1919. This taxon is clearly referable to the tribe Chondrodesmini, within which perhaps closest to lphyria. A new key to chondrodesmine genera is provided, as well as notes and drawings for Iphyria clara lata.


Aim: The purpose of the study is to find the awareness of consumers towards green products, factors influencing them to purchase the green products and the problems faced by consumers while purchasing the green products in Coimbatore city
Design of the Study: The study is empirical in nature as the study aims to find out the Impact of green products on consumer purchase decision in Coimbatore city. The study is carried out with a survey through a well structured interview schedule. Collection of data for the purpose of the research study is in the form of primary data as the study being empirical in nature.
Methodology: The sampling technique involved is purposive sampling. The study is limited only in Coimbatore city. The data were collected from the customer who were aware about the green products. The survey conducted in customers of organised retail stores. In this study, total samples is 100.Tools used for analysis were percentage analysis, factor analysis and Garett's Ranking Technique.
Findings: Consumer Awareness towards green products was high and it indicated that they were having high environmental concern. Most of the sample respondents were college graduates and they have good knowledge about the green products. Consumer attitude towards purchase of green product was high. Consumer purchase decision of green products was highly based on the Quality and Promotion (Advertisement). High cost is the major problem faced by the sample respondents while purchasing of green products.


The use of Exclusive-Or circuits often lead to significant circuit reduction. However, the minimization of circuits containing Exclusive-Or gates is quite different from the minimization of conventional And-Or circuits. In this paper, a simple tabular method has been presented for the near minimal realization of arbitrary Boolean function by networks composed of And and Exclusive-Or circuits.


In an uncontrolled open assessment of one patient, cimetidine relieved the pain and shortened the course of herpes zoster. A subsequent uncontrolled trial of cimetidine in 21 patients with herpes zoster produced encouraging results in all but three patients. More recently, Mavligit and Talpaz[3] reported that cimetidine 300 mg q.d.s. for seven days produced a rapid improvement in the pain and pruritus of herpes zoster in four cancer patients whose immune systems were profoundly suppressed. Herpes zoster is thought to be associated with a state of depressed cellular immune function[4]. It is theoretically possible for H2 receptor antagonists such as cimetidine to modify cell-mediated immune responses since thymus dependent T-lymphocytes have been shown to possess H2 receptors[5-7]. In addition to a possible direct anti-viral effect[2], cimetidine may augment the immune defences of the body which produce early control of the herpes zoster virus.


If the population keeps growing and lands are desired, there is always a need to explore the numerous directions of how the city immediately emerges. The new trend for future development and urbanization is higher density development. The barrier between advocacy of higher density environment and social sustainability asks for a descriptive and systematic interpretation for inclusive growth. The paper discusses the dynamics of urbanization trends and the immediate attention that has to be considered to ensure quality public life through understanding and finding the aspects of public realm. This work investigates several ways of how the public spaces are manifested and understood. The intent of the paper is to identify the aspects of public realm which could contribute to a resourceful organization of public spaces.


The thermoelectric power (TEP) S of MnAs 1-x P x (0 < x < 0.17) and Mn 2-y Cr y Sb (0 < y < 0.20) single crystals has been measured in the temperature range 77 K< T < 350 K and for various crystal orientations. For both the mono- and bipnictides, below the magnetic ordering temperatures T c or T N , the magnon contribution is dominant. In general, the magnetic order-order transitions can be detected in S(T) and values of the Fermi energy are obtained from the diffusion thermopower contribution Sd, once it is separated: for example EF (x = 0.17) = 3.85 eV, E F (y = 0.04) = 3.15 eV.


Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of the homemade titanic miniscrews as an orthodontic anchorage in clinic.Methods:Thirteen patients who required upper first premolars extraction and maximummolar anchorage were chosen to be the study sample.Homemade titanic miniscrews were inserted into the buccal alveolar bone region between the upper second premolars and the first molars and served as an orthodontic anchorage loaded immediatelyduringthe stage of canine distalization.Recordings of dental cast,aswell as the cephelomitric radio-graphs,were made at the start and the end of the canine distalization;then the speed of distalizing canine and the change of molar position to the reference plane were calculated.Results:The average speed of distalizing canine with miniscrews anchorage was1.05mm/month,which showed no significant differences with the result of traditional extra anchorage.The mean change of molar position was0.50mm,which was significantly less than that with traditional extra anchorage.Conclusion:Different anchorages made no differences in the speed of tooth movement;homemade titanic miniscrews anchorage almost attains the ability of absolute anchorage.


Were analyzed 1094 cases of treatment-seeking patients who have turned to primary care physicians or detected by X-ray examination in the period from October, 1995 to July, 2013. Federal and local institutional arrangements lead to a better diagnosis of sarcoidosis, an increase in incidence of biopsy, frequency reduction of abusive application of antitubercular drugs and system glucocorticosteroids. The authors stated that further educational and organizational work to improve the delivery of care to patients with sarcoidosis in Russia is required.


The purpose of this work was to obtain the retarding factor (R) and the dispersion-diffusion coefficient (D) for chromium (III) in two highly weathered soils collected in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The influence of the following factors on these two parameters were analyzed: textures, pH and soil organic matter. Samples of the A and B horizons of two soils were used, differing significantly in organic matter contents (a) a Typic Eutrorthox (LVe) and (b) a Typic Haplorthox (LVd). Soil pH of the surface samples was modified by adding calcium carbonate to alter base saturation to 70 %. Batch techniques and soil column experiments using miscible displacement theory were performed. Higher values of R were obtained in the Eutrorthox than in the Haplorthox. The rising of soil pH by liming resulted in higher values for R. In the Eutrorthox, the presence of fulvic acids seems to have favored a lower value for R in the surface horizon than in the subsurface one. A clear relationship between D and soil type, liming level and soil horizon was not found.


There is continuity and change in Malaysia's foreign policy in the past six decades under the leadership of six Prime Ministers. The 'returns' of Mahathir as the 7 th Prime Minister of Malaysia might probably signal the changes in the contemporary Malaysia's foreign policy in responds to the globalization. One of the important sectors that actively embrace the positivity of globalization is higher education. There are a positive capability of higher education institutions (HEIs) as an instrument of Soft Power to strengthen the bilateral relations between Malaysia and Indonesia. With many unsettled security disputes and issues in between Malaysia and Indonesia, Mahathir and Jokowi might be prioritizing their Soft Power strategy. In the Malaysia context, growing numbers and the reputations of HEIs indicate the possibility that higher education to be integrate into enhancing and shaping the foreign policy. This paper highlights the potential of higher education institutions (HEIs) to be an effective platform to enriching the state's soft power and strengthening the bilateral relations between Malaysia and Indonesia through the internationalization of higher education.


Operations management investigates how companies can take inputs, convert them into end products and services, and deliver them to customers in a way that maximizes profits. As globalization increases it is becoming increasingly difficult for a company to accomplish such a task by itself. Instead, companies must rely on working with others in complex supply chains to take raw materials and generate a final product for customers. As one might imagine, an innumerable number of these business-to-business interactions occur everyday and involve bargaining, which is where operations management research has recently turned its attention. Some of the research areas that fall within operations management (OM) include, but are not limited to: forecasting, production, queuing, inventory management, quality, project management, and supply chain management. Many of these areas entail direct interactions among companies. For example, companies may bargain over forecasts, payment terms, inventory levels, quality requirements, and deadlines. When establishing such terms, it is not uncommon for two companies to come to an agreement that generates an efficiency loss. In particular, an alternative set of contract terms may exist that leads to higher combined profits. A significant portion of bargaining research in OM focuses on investigating ways for companies to more readily identify and agree on such first-best terms. These often include


Agricultural extension continues to offer hope for improving the lives of rural poor in the developing world. Yet the difficulty of achieving that goal persists. This paper proposes a four-stage decision tree for implementing and evaluating the economic sustainability of extension programs that focuses on sources, delivery methods, evaluations, and fiscal support. It then evaluates the costeffectiveness of a publicly-funded, privatelydelivered agricultural extension program for small, poor farmers on the hillsides of Honduras and shows how an agricultural extension project can be evaluated with a relatively inexpensive methodology using data generated by individual outsourced extension projects.


Similar to radio-frequency-based wireless networks (RWNs) used in terrestrial environments, the medium access control (MAC) protocol is a key element for underwater acoustic networks (UWANs). However, due to peculiar features of underwater acoustic channels such as long propagation delay, very small channel capacity, low channel reliability, and high dynamics of channel quality, not only MAC protocols but also MAC design strategies originally developed for RWNs cannot work well in UWANs. A large number of UWAN MAC protocols have been investigated in the literature, and most of them have not been reviewed in the available surveys. To allow the reader to have an overview on the state-of-the-art UWAN MAC protocols, this paper reviews these proposals with an enhanced MAC reference model. This model decomposes an MAC protocol into a couple of components that make up a common structure for various MAC protocols so that they can be more easily understood. The major remaining issues and possible research directions are also discussed.


Hypertension is closely related to human life pattern. Food is the main intake for health, but every person has different perception on what they eat. Difference in perception is highly influenced by cultural values and norms in a certain community. The objective of the research was to identify people's eatingbehavior related to essential hypertension at Talang Lama Village, Deleng Pokhkisen Sub-district, Aceh Tenggara Regency. Bad eating behavior can cause hypertension. The reasons of informants for enjoying eating delicious food are as follows: it has good taste, it can arouse their appetite and satisfaction, the perception of consuming fatty food made of coconut milk will make the body oily, healthy, and fat, and it is an honor to serve guests with fatty food with beef. People's eating behavior usually comes from parents. Hypertension patients can change their eating behavior to make them healthier, but some of them cannot change it and get relapse, and some of them say that they do not want to change it since they have already had hypertension. It is recommended that the health care providers prevent hypertension so that they do not have relapse and complication.


l.Timothy 1:9-10 of the Gothic bible is notoriously difficult. Verse 10 is found only in palimpsest Ambrosian ms. C. In the first edition of Castillonaeus (1838, 11), 1. Timothy 1:9-10 is given with a footnote concerning the phrase: "sie legendum conjicio locum omnino delaticium." All later editions have read mannans gapiwandam. The {j) is the key to the Interpretation. Uppstr m (1864-8, 113) made the original emendation, noting: "gapiwandam> B veri sim., loco prorsus evanido". Uppstr m gives no discussion s to his choice of forms. One may assume that he was famili r with the other attestations of gapiwan. Bernhardt (1875, 558) also amends to gapiwandan, calling this reading "wahrscheinlich". De Vries (1936) supplies a photographic reproduction of the Ambrosian ms. C, fol. 144 v, which contains this passage but careful examination only confirmed Castillonaeus' description. Because the scribe was not completely regul r in the widths of his various letters, even the width of the gap cannot show whether an additional letter is present or not. Streitberg (1919, XXVIII) notes that


Energy consumption has become one of the most important parameters in High Performance computing platforms. Fair-share scheduling is a widely used technique in job schedulers to prioritize jobs, depending to past users allocations. In practice this technique is mainly based on CPU-Time usage. Since power is managed as a new type of resources by Slurm and energy consumption can be charged independently, there is a real need for fairness in terms of energy consumption.

This presentation will introduce fair-share scheduling based on past energy usage in Slurm. The new technique will allow users that have optimized their codes to be more energy efficient or make better usage of DVFS techniques to improve the stretch times of their workload.


Performing the function of information visualization, satellite images together with legends of landscape type maps, types of anthropogenic load under different economic use of the territory in various natural zones, maps of soil cover structures, seasonal production processes, create a visual image of the Earth's night lights. The ecological functions of the images are manifested with showing the sources and distribution of pollution in different natural environments, i. e. smoke pollution of air, pollution of snow cover around cities, contamination of river and lake waters. The pictures illustrate the impact on the natural environment under extraction of minerals, oil production, mining coal, mineral raw materials, gold and diamonds. Particular attention is paid to industrial pollution of cities under the influence of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, chemical industry and energy. In addition to these negative examples, the opportunities of using satellite imagery to monitor the effectiveness of environmental protective measures to reduce water pollution and the reclamation of quarries are shown.


The main objective of this study was to analyze the quality of service in the Metro Supermarket in Peru. The study was carried out under the qualitative approach, data collection was carried out through interviews with fifteen clients, with the respective interview guide consisting of five questions aligned to the subcategories called: tangibility, empathy, responsiveness, reliability, and security. The data were triangulated with the Atlas. Ti 8 software, the process involved coding, text identification according to codes, frequency determination, and networks. The results showed that the supermarket provides a quality service based on the friendliness, assistance, help, knowledge, trust, and familiarity of employees with customers. Likewise, within the company's policies, it involves training and recognition, their synergy, motivates the best performance of workers, and is perceived daily by customers.


Of 71 confirmed Caddo-era earthen mound sites in the Northern Caddo Area, 48 have been completely destroyed and many of the remaining mounds are badly disturbed. The primary causes of mound destruction are agriculture, excavation, looting, reservoir construction, and intentional leveling. The Page site is typical of these sites, consisting of at least one mound (now completely destroyed) and an associated village area. Little formal archaeological research has been conducted at Page, but it was visited and tested several times by professional and avocational archaeologists before the large-scale destruction. The resulting documentation gives at least a partial picture of the site and of the mound itself. This paper outlines previous investigations at Page, and uses the site as an example of how pooling a diverse set of resources, even after a site has been destroyed, can lead to useful insights into site organization and use.


Vacuum differential pressure casting is one of the most advanced casting process where there are still serious process defects existed in large complex thin-wall castings. Combination of computer simulation and approximation modeling is applied to improve process reliability of vacuum differential pressure casting in this paper. First, the computer simulation experiments are carried out according to the experiment plan generated by DOE. Then, sample data can be collected from computer simulation by tools in CAD/CAE software or image recognition. Finally, approximation modeling is established and process parameters are optimized, so that process reliability of vacuum differential pressure casting is improved.


This chapter explores the only apparent contradiction between Goethe's profession of a lack of talent for philosophy and the significant reciprocal intellectual influence that existed between Goethe and leading philosophers of his time, including Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling. The essay traces the development of Goethe's interest in philosophy in the years preceding the publication of Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship as he pursues the possibility of some form of "intuitive" (nondiscursive) understanding. This path appears to have grown especially at the start from Goethe's interest in botany and in Spinoza's notion of a scientia intuitiva. The full shape of Goethe's reflections on this issue ultimately involve his engagement with Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgment as well as with a set of reflections on how one might be able to construe a "complete series" of developmental transitions.


Background: A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the kidney with thrombus extended into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium (RA) is very rare. Methods and Conclusion: We reported here an extremely case of right renal SFT extended to the IVC and RA, treated late with an urgent RA mass removal and IVC thrombectomy.


Terrestrial snow cover is a perennial feature throughout the global cryosphere, taking the form of individual snow patches during summer and becoming more spatially continuous in winter. The characteristics and conditions of these snowpacks can be altered by rapid changes in temperature and precipitation, significantly impacting local ecosystems, upland hydrology and snow avalanche risks. In Scotland, for example, monitoring the hazards associated with snowpack alterations is a central focus of the Scottish Avalanche Information Service (SAIS) and is essential to ensuring the safety of local communities, hill walkers and mountaineers. In this context, the development of new remote sensing techniques for snow monitoring will help the SAIS develop avalanche forecasts and potentially without the need to undertake arduous and dangerous fieldwork. Here, we aim to develop the utility of millimetre-wave radar at 94 GHz as a new remote sensing tool for monitoring snowpacks. We use a ground-based 94 GHz, real-aperture system called AVTIS2 which mechanically scans across a scene of interest to generate radar backscatter images and 3D Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). AVTIS2 uses a narrow beamwidth of 0.35° (i.e. a spot size of 6 m per km) and has a maximum range of ~6 km, enabling kilometre-scale mapping at high angular resolution. This radar system has previously been successful in monitoring the topographic changes of volcanic lava domes, measuring the dynamics of active lava flows and quantifying 94 GHz radar backscatter from glacier ice. We aim to deploy the AVTIS2 millimetre-wave radar in the Cairngorms National Park, Scotland, in January/February 2021 and validate our measurements with a co-located Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Additionally, we will acquire in situ observations of snow properties to gain a better understanding of how 94 GHz radar signals interact with the snowpack. Overall, we will report on the following: (1) the radar backscatter characteristics from a variety of snow surface conditions at millimetre wavelengths; (2) point cloud and DEM differences between AVTIS2 and TLS measurements over snow-covered terrain; and (3) the effect of snowpack properties on radar backscatter and how this can be used to understand snow-associated hazards.


Schulz accepted the existentialist view based on Heidegger's thought and at the same time the objectivist view making fixed this living world,...


The antisocial behavior of thirtyfive mentally retarded children was observed and recorded by their special-class teacher for a period of two years. The setting for this observation was a junior high school where special-education classes for the mentally retarded were carried on in a nonsegregated organization. Nineteen of the children were under observation for two years, the remainder being with the program for only one of the years during which the records were kept. Test scores and health information were obtained from the school psychologist and the school nurse, respectively. Observations on classroom behavior were taken from individual case records and from narrative group records kept by the class teacher. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN


Null Subject Romance Languages are languages in which the V feature of T is necessarily strong. Taking so much for granted, and given the morphological characteristics of this kind of languages, all their properties follow: V raising deposits at T a set of [-- interpretable] f -features that are erased through covert raising by the [+interpretable] f-features of the subject DP, either phonetically realized or pro (pro: a notational abbreviation for a set of features composed by the categorial feature D and f -features). Inverted subject (DP) and null subject (pro) are, therefore, vP internal subjects. The preverbal subject, in contrast, is a DP merged at T -therefore a non-argumentin a derivation with a pro as the internal subject. Starting from this basic proposal, the analysis of some new data points to the spurious character of Nominative Case in these languages and suggests that pro is only allowed in Spec, vP.


Breast carcinoma is one of the common tumours in women,and more and more people suffer from it.ERRs(Estrogen-Receptor Related receptors) α,β and γ(NR3B1-3) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily which act as ligand-dependent transcription factors.ERRs participate into metabolism of breast cancer cells through the mitochondrion function,angiogenesis and lipogenesis.Instead of being affected by ligands,ERRs are regulated by specific coregulators.These include the steroid receptor coactivator(SRC) and PPARc coactivator PGC-1α/β,and the corepressor receptor-interacting protein 140(RIP140).Studies on ERRs can provide new approaches to treat breast carcinoma.


This research aims at analysing the perception of prosodic features in learners of L2 Italian, from a comparative perspective with L1 Italian. In particular, we chose spontaneous argumentative speech, which implies the perlocutionary act of convincing, in order to investigate the relationship between the degree of persuasiveness of a speaker and the prosodic features characterizing her/his speech, in relation to the perceptual competence of non-native learners. A corpus of argumentative speech in L1 and L2 Italian has been collected. For the corpus in L1, 8 Italians, divided into two groups, were asked to take part in a debate and argue for or against a specific topic. The aim was to convince an audience of 19 Italians, who evaluated the persuasiveness of each speaker, judging it as "positive" or "negative". For the corpus in L2 Italian, we carried out the same procedure with 10 Chinese learners of Italian, who argued (5 pros, 5 cons) in front of an audience made up of 8 Chinese people. The data obtained are significant because they show not only that there is a relationship between persuasiveness and prosodic features, but that this relationship is strongly influenced by the perceptual competence of the listeners.


Fluoroscopy is the imaging modality routinely used for cardiac device implantation and electrophysiological procedures. Due to the rising concern regarding the harmful effects of radiation exposure to both the patients and operation staffs, novel 3D mapping systems have been developed and implemented in electrophysiological procedure for the navigation of catheters inside the heart chambers. Their applicability in cardiac device implantation has been rarely reported. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of permanent pacemaker implantation without fluoroscopy.


The static gaming model with construction administrative division and supervision as participator was built.The reasons of restricting supervision system development were analyzed from construction administrative division and supervision aspects,based on which,the improving suggestions were proposed so as to promote supervision industry development.


These guidelines focus on urban pedestrian and bicycle traffic. They also deal with conflicts and common interests between pedestrian and bicycle traffic and other traffic, in particular, public transit (bus) and car traffic. The guidelines are an attempt to create the starting point for the establishment of a detailed and well tested set of traffic planning and road design methods and recommendations for urban pedestrian and bicycle traffic in Africa. They document a first set of tested findings, but certainly do not yet cover all urban road infrastructure planning and design situations in Africa that involve pedestrian and bicycle traffic. More field testing in more countries and cities in Africa and involving more experts is vital to arrive at a broader collection of proven planning methods, avenues of intervention, and road designs.


Natural convection/isothermal ∞ows, described by the unsteady Boussinesq approximation and the NavierStokes equations, are studied numerically using a simple projection method, based on an operator splitting, after a convenient time discretization is made. The whole process involves four steps: one for the energy equation (temperature step) and three for the momentum and continuity equations (motion steps). The numerical scheme is independent of the dimension of the space and of the shape of the region where the ∞ow is developed. 2D numerical experiments are reported in rectangular cavities: natural convection ∞ows in cavities fllled with air for Raleigh numbers Ra • 10 6 and isothermal ∞ows in the well known lid-driven cavity problem for Reynolds numbers Re • 1000.


In recent years, our country has done a further stu-dy on the road seismic design inspirited by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, and the bridge seismic also has the new develop-pment trend. This paper wil makes the in-depth exposition on current situation and development trend of bridge seismic des-ign code for, hopes to be able to reduce the losses caused by e-arthquake disasters to human.


Energy yield of ozone generatioin can be substantially raised by using a fast rising narrow pulse voltage in combination with a transmission line type ozonizer. The pulse voltage proceeds in a form of a travelling wave to produce very active coronas. Both wire-to-cylinder type ozonizers and parallel strip line with an insulator type ozonizers are tested. The formers produce streamer coronas along the wire, and indicate a high ozonizer-based energy yield, Yo, but its volume yield, Yv, is very low. The latters produce pulse-induced intense glow coronas, and indicate very high Yo and Yv. However, the energy yield based on the stored energy of the pulse forming condenser, Yc, remains to be still low, because of a poor coupling of the pulse energy with the ozonizers. The Plate Type Ozonizer comprizing zig-zag shaped strip line electrodes on its insulator plates represents one of the practical embodiment of the Strip Line Ozonizer. The pulse peaking method provides a possibility of enhancing the level of Yo. An improvement of the coupling method is likely to improve the level of Yc.


Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt) farming in France This paper aims at giving a synthesis of the ways by which the farming of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt) occurred in France. The species was primarily a biological model to get experience and methods useful for the safeguard of the endangered European Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser sturio). The main parts of the paper are the origin of the actions and the different steps of development up to the present status of Siberian sturgeon farming. Special emphasis is given to research.


The present study was aimed to map the effect of interpersonal need orientation on employee engagement with respect to the demographic profile of employees working in the public and private organizations A sample of 100 employees was chosen from public and private sector organizations. Interpersonal need orientation was mapped through FIRO-B by Schutz (1958) and employee engagement was measured through job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intent to stay, pride, advocate, and emotional connect. The results show that Males higher on 'people gatherer' attitude are less engaged while females high on inhibition, submissive and dependent attitude are less engaged. The results of the study also reveal different interpersonal need orientations that effect engagement level of employees belonging to different marital status, types of organizations, level of management, and age groups.


An irreversible Diesel-cycle model using finite-time thermodynamic analysis is presented. Multiple irreversibilities were considered including finite rate heat transfer, heat leakage between working fluids, friction loss between the piston and cylinder wall, and the specific heats of working fluids are a function of temperature. Also, the work fluid is referred to as the fuel-air mixture gas making the presented results more compatible with practical situations. The results show that the power out first increases with an increased compression ratio, and then begins decreasing when the compression ratio exceeds a certain value. A higher air-fuel ratio indicates a lower power output and reduced thermal efficiency. Furthermore, the power output is optimized with respect to the cycle temperatures for a typical set of operating conditions using a genetic algorithm approach. The results can be helpful in the designing and evaluating the performance of practical Diesel engines.


In this work, we present a novel and simple optical solution for MEMS LiDARs. The idea is based on increasing the collection optics throughput by removing the MEMS mirror from the path of the collected light, while inserting a multi-segment tapered structure to collect the light from a wide angle. The tapered also converts the large size optical spot captured to a small area compatible with the requirement of low detector noise dimensions. The expected improvement in the collected power is analyzed versus the tapering angle of a single tapered structure. A multi-segment optical system, or multiple tapered structure arranged in parallel, is also introduced allowing for the optimization of the acceptance angle and the power improvement ratio. Using a 3-segment mirror, the expected improvement is about 15x with an acceptance angle of ±30 degrees. The design of a single element taper section is fabricated using aluminum-coated acrylic and tested experimentally showing an improvement of about 7x in the coupled power through an angle of ±10 degrees in good agreement with the theoretical expectations.


Dynamic analysis in the low and mid frequencies is generally performed using normal mode superposition techniques which offer numerical efficiency along with ease of physical interpretation. The use of modal damping associated with the real modes is suitable for lightly damped structures with well separated modes. However, for structures with heavily damped materials or damping mechanisms the assumption of modal damping may no longer be valid. To better account for the presence of damping in the structure, a complex mode approach based on structural damping is proposed as an effective alternative to the real mode approach.


Palavras-chave: Grécia antiga; racismo; etnicidade; preconceito cultural; autoctonia. Abstract This article discusses scholars who have been advocating the concepts of race and racism to explain cultural prejudic-es in ancient Greece and Rome. More precisely, this study debates the arguments for the case of an ancient racist or proto-racist Greece elaborated on by Benjamin Isaac (2004) in The Invention of Racism in Antiquity and Susan Lape (2010) in Race and Citizen Identity in the Classical Athenian Democracy . Thus, for this historiographical perspective, there is much more continuity between ancient and modern racism than we had assumed. This article highlights certain conceptual and argumentative flaws in this approach, maintaining that ethnic relations in ancient Greece are better explained as non-hereditary forms of cultural prejudice rather than as racism, which has a specific history related to European colonization and slave trade.


Objective To investigate the significance of ultrasound elastography for evaluating the optic nerve in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods This prospective, comparative case series included 40 eyes of 40 patients. Twenty eyes with POAG comprised the POAG group, and 20 eyes of 20 patients without glaucoma who admitted to general eye clinic for near vision glasses comprised the control group. All real-time sonographicelastographic examinations were performed by the same physician. The ratio of orbital fat to optic nerve head (ROFON) and lateral rectus to optic nerve head (RLRON) were determined. Statistical analyses were performed using Student t test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and &khgr;2 test. Results The mean ages of the patients in the study and the control groups were 65.10 ± 7.88 years (range, 48–80 years), and 69.15 ± 7.92 years (range, 55–89 years), respectively (P = 0.113). Mean ROFONs were 1.85 and 6.42 (P < 0.05), and mean RLRONs were 0.65 and 1.07 (P < 0.05) in the control and POAG groups, respectively. Conclusions Real-time elastography showed increased ROFON and RLRON in POAG patients. This can help to understand optic nerve head biomechanics and clarify glaucoma damage in early glaucoma cases.


In multimedia applications, spatiotemporal relationships among media objects should be controlled during the execution phase in order to preserve the quality of presentation. When the content that composes the application is delivered over a communication network, some delays may occur due to network congestion problems. In order to avoid synchronization faults during the presentation of the distributed multimedia applications, this work proposes the automatic preparation of media objects. The automatic preparation of media objects aim to ensure that all media objects are available in the receiver device at their presentation moment. In our proposal, the multimedia presentation engine (formatter) builds a preparation plan based on the network conditions and the presentation behavior learned from the multimedia document that defines the application. As proof of concept, we implemented the automatic creation of the preparation plan in the Ginga-NCL middleware. Furthermore, a use case is presented to demonstrate the automatic preparation for NCL applications. Finally, a brief discussion about garbage collection in multimedia applications containing non-deterministic events is also presented.


A balanced valve trim that governing valve and be used for the governing valve is disclosed. Balanced valve trim includes: the circulation drill way is prescribed a limit to to disk seat, disk seat, and the circulation drill way is used for the fluid flow to pass through the valve body, and flow control member, flow control member is used for the flow of flow control through the drill way of circulating, and flow control member includes: sleeve, sleeve are connected to the actuator with being used for the operation to moving towards and keeping away from the disk seat and remove, the sleeve has along the inner space of sleeve extension between first end and second end, and the valve disc subassembly, the valve disc subassembly sets up in second end department to by being arranged to the joint disk seat, wherein, the valve disc subassembly is including being used for providing the route that communicates with the fluid of inner space, wherein, prescribe a limit to effective pressure district in the first end department of inner space to the 2nd effective pressure district is prescribed a limit to by second end department at the inner space, and the 2nd effective pressure district is relative with effective pressure district.


Objective:To analyze and compare the effect of vitrectomy on different stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods: Pars plana vitrectomy was undergone in 82 cases(87 eyes) of PDR.Phase IV,V and VI of the patients were 12 patients(12 eyes),34 patients(35 eyes) and 36 patients(40 eyes).The improvement rate of visual function and effective rate of stages were compared after follow-up 8 months.Results: In phase IV,V and VI patients,improvement rates of the visual function were 91.7%,71.4% and 52.5% and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 7.174,P = 0.028);the effective rates were 75.0%,57.4% and 43.3 % and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 7.413,P = 0.025).Conclusion: Vitrectomy is the effective method of treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.The earlier vitrectomy is performed,the more prominent the effect is.


Flooding is a fundamental operation used extensively in communication protocols. Flooding introduces two types of overhead: (a) additional network traffic from the flooded packets, and (b) additional processing at the control processor of a network node that has to receive all the flooded packets, perform duplicate detection and process them. In contrast to packet forwarding resources, control processor resources are usually limited resulting flooding having a major impact on the load of the control processor. In this work we will investigate if is possible to take advantage of the higher performance forwarding plane of a network node to implement flooding and duplicate flooded packet detection. This will allow us to significantly reduce some of the cost associated with flooding. We will show how flooding can be implemented in the multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) forwarding plane and we will discuss potential uses of forwarding plane flooding in traffic engineering and virtual private network applications.


There is a long and tortuous history of misinterpreting Smithian social theory. After rehearsing that history we offer here a way of understanding Smith that, unlike much of recent revisionist Smith scholarship, does not further add to this confusion. Our proposal is to understand the relation between moral and economic behaviour in Smith as analogous to the way in which Habermas makes strategic (and normatively oriented) behaviour parasitic on a more basic communicative competence. Given this analogy, it is ironic that Habermas's own understanding of Smith's theory also leaves much to be desired.


Research the standards of coal Gieseler fluidity tested by Gieseler plastometer in many different countries,which is more advantage in America and Japan.Compare the differences of standards in different countries,found that besides the requirement of parts precision of Gieseler plastometer was slightly different,the primary difference was the angle of V shape notch in the central of crucible base,which would lead to a different contact way of steel stirrer and retort crucible bottom.Summarize the main issues in the process of setting coal Gieseler fluidity,also introduce its application and development.There are no national measuring standards in China to guide the test,the Gieseler plastometers are mainly imported from abroad,the precision of domestic equipments is low.Gieseler fluidity of coal was used for coals blending and predicting the coke quality in Japan and other countries,and similar researches had also been carried out gradually in China.


The parent child relation in only child's family is characterized as: frequent parent child interaction, peer like parent child relation, high expectation of parents on their only child, and child generation centeredness. All these characteristics exerts great impact on only children's academic achievement, personality and social interacting capability as well.


Current‐biased 4.3‐μm Bi films give an anomalous photoresponse when they are illuminated with 20‐ns 1.064‐μm laser pulses. The films resistivity decreases during irradiation. This observation excludes a simple bolometric process as a cause for the induced transients and supports the prediction of a previously reported model which required the optical pumping of carriers into a metastable band.


The turn-over channel is an important part of the internal cooling structure of modern turbine blade. Its flow and heat transfer performance is crucial for cooling effectiveness. The turn-over channel of a real turbine blade was simplified, in this paper, to be a ribbed rectangular passage with variable cross section area and its coolant flow characteristics were studied experimentally under the influence of film cooling outlet. Experimental results showed that the effective pressure distribution of the exit section was different and the flow friction decreased due to the influence of film bleeding. Flow process was controlled by factors such as choke ratio, width to length ratio, the ratio of film outlet to the main flow and the inlet Reynold numbers, etc.


This article presents a miniaturized dual‐mode narrow bandpass filter using an equilateral triangular patch resonator with an inverted T‐shaped slot, which exhibited a size reduction of 37% compared with a single‐mode equilateral triangular patch at the same frequency. Two‐ and four‐pole dual‐mode bandpass filters were designed and fabricated with this new resonator. Experimental results with the two‐pole filter centred at 7.76 GHz showed a fractional bandwidth of 4.5%, return loss better than 17.8 dB, and minimum insertion loss of 2.2 dB. The results of the four‐pole filter showed a fractional bandwidth of 3.5%, return loss better than 16 dB, minimum insertion loss of 2.6 dB, and a good second harmonic band rejection. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2897–2902, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22927


Lipases from Candida rogosa and Rhizopus arrhizus were immobilized by entrapment with photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymer for the study of fat splitting and interesterification in isooctane-two phase system. Dioctylsulfosuccinate was selected as the most suitable surfactant during the immobilization. Lipase entrapped with hydrophobic photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymer(ENTP-3000) exhibited the highest activity, whereas lipase entrapped with hydrophilic gel(ENT-4000) was more stable in organic solvent. As the degree of hydrophobicity of the immobilization matrix was increased, Vm(app) of the lipase entrapped was increased, but Km(app) was approximately constant. While the optimum pH of the lipases entrapped on hydrophilic gel (ENT-4000) were around pH 7.0 for Candida lipase and Rhizopus lipase, the reaction rate of the lipases entrapped on hydrophobic gel were less dependent on pH variations for short reaction time. However, for longer reaction time, the lipnses from C. rugosa and R. arrhizus entrapped on hydrophobic gel yielded maximum rate at pH 6.0 and 6.5, respectively, Entrapment method endowed the lipase with thermal stability.


This paper discusses a plan that has been developed to move Athabasca University (AU) forward in its objective of reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Specifically the plan will reduce Information and Communication Technology (ICT) related carbon emissions by a minimum of 30 percent by 2012. By achieving its goals, it will also move AU closer to compliance with the American Colleges and Universities Presidents' Commitment to Climate Change (ACUPCC).


AbstractThe application of high-frequency measurements could potentially enhance current understanding of the hydrology and biogeochemistry of artificially drained agricultural lands. In addition t...


We derive an extension of McDiarmid's inequality for functions f with bounded differences on a high probability set Y (instead of almost surely). The behavior of f outside Y may be arbitrary. The proof is short and elementary, and relies on an extension argument similar to Kirszbraun's theorem [4].


Leon Fink (2011), 202, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, $34.95 Sweatshops at Sea traces the political history of seafaring through the legislative efforts of the two dominating forc...


F-signature is an important numeric invariant of singularities in positive characteristic that can be used to detect strong F-regularity. One would like to have a variant that rather detects F-rationality, and there are two theories that aim to fill this gap: F-rational signature of Hochster and Yao and dual F-signature of Sannai. Unfortunately, several important properties of the original F-signature are unknown for these invariants. We give a modification of the Hochster-Yao definition that agrees with Sannai's dual F-signature and push further the united theory to achieve a complete generalization of F-signature.


December 2014 will end the year with a completely new set of comments and concerns by anyone who has been following the natural gas-electric power industry coordination situation. Comments should all be in by then regarding the Notice of Public Rulemaking (NOPR) through the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC's) Docket Nos. RM14-2-000 and others.


Some authors argue that the delayed overshooting puzzle often found in the literature is an artifact of improper identification of monetary policy shocks, like Cholesky ordering. We investigate this claim by estimating the dynamic effect of monetary policy shocks on exchange rate using various identification schemes, where the data is generated by a small open economy DSGE model. We find that, on large sample, Cholesky type of restrictions perform comparably with model-consistent sign restrictions approach and do not produce the puzzle artificially. On short samples, however, Cholesky restrictions produce a more uncertain estimate for the shape of the exchange rate than sign restrictions.


EMANCIPATORY PEDAGOGY THROUGH SERIALIZED HEURISTIC REFLECTION: FOSTERING SELF-AWARENESS OF DENTAL STUDENTS' PREJUDICIAL BELIEFS by Deborah Narcisso This study investigated dental students' prejudicial beliefs towards underserved patient populations as an upstream constituent of provider attitudinal barriers to care. The objectives were to explore the scope and nature of prejudicial beliefs, to assess the value of critical reflection as essential preparation for patient care, and to identify insights that would inform the preclinical curriculum that, ultimately, reduce oral health disparity. The research used an integrated approach with qualitative and quantitative methods. An original serialized reflection assignment was introduced into the preclinical curriculum of 142 first year dental students to critically journal about the legitimacy of their a priori prejudicial beliefs. A purposive sample of 44 participants was obtained. Journals were analyzed for emergent themes and questionnaires for relevant context. Results indicated dental students identified a range of prejudicial beliefs and, through self-direction, experienced awareness and transformation of their beliefs. Participants agreed that reflection had personal and educational value. Insights were identified that could enhance the preclinical curriculum. This contributes to the evidence base on pedagogical strategies historically focused on post-experiential reflection. Themes that were explored include concepts defining the nature of prejudicial beliefs that could guide and inform professional practice. A need was identified to conduct grounded theory research on awareness of prejudicial beliefs as an antecedent to attitude change.


Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) acts as a water channel in the apical membrane of principal renal cells in the collecting ducts of the kidney. Upregulation is controlled by stimulation of these cells with vasopressin. Downregulation of the presence of AQP2 in the membrane occurs through ubiquitination and then sorting of the protein via the ESCRT-I, -II and –III complexes into the Multivesicular bodies (MVBs). It then interacts with the soluble protein LIP5 and LIP5 facilitated VPS4 ATPase translocates it into inner vesicles of the MVBs. From there it can either be targeted for lysosomal degradation or released as exosomes into the urine. This project was aimed at investigated the binding between AQP2 and LIP5. The first step was to express the LIP5 in e. coli and purifying the protein. Affinity analysis of the binding between the two proteins was then performed with both fluorescence anisotropy and microscale thermophoresis (MST). Binding between the proteins was observed and the obtained results indicate that the N-terminal domain of LIP5 might be most important for the binding to AQP2. It was also suggested by the results from MST that the amino acid residue K71 is particularly important for the binding. Further work should be performed to further study the binding between AQP2 and LIP5. (Less)


The spleen has been recognized as an important organ to reserve 20–30% of the total blood volume. Generally, splenomegaly has been thought to be related to congestion. However, in the setting of hypovolemic shock or hypoxemia, it has been reported that spleen contracted and splenic volume decreased. On the other hand, in advanced heart failure (HF), the hemodynamics is characterized by both low cardiac output (LO) and systemic congestion, and patients sometimes need support of left ventricular assist device (LVAD). However, it remains unclear about the association between spleen size and hemodynamic parameters in patients with LO who need LVAD support.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spleen size and hemodynamic parameters in advanced HF before and after LVAD implantation.

 We enrolled 12 advanced HF patients with LVAD (11 males, 45±10 years). All patients underwent blood test, echocardiography, right heart catheterization, and computed tomography (CT) before and after LVAD implantation. Spleen size was measured by CT volumetry. We excluded patients with splenic infarction, or any infections, or mean right atrial pressure (RAP) <5mmHg because of a possibility of hypovolemic status. LO was defined as CI less than 2.2L/min/m2.

 At pre- and post-LVAD implantation, cardiac output, cardiac index (CI), mean RAP, and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were 3.1±0.6 vs. 4.9±0.9L/min, p=0.002; 1.7±0.3 vs. 2.8±0.3L/min/m2, p=0.002; 14±5 vs. 9±3mmHg, p=0.059; and 30±7 vs. 10±3mmHg, p=0.002, respectively. The serum brain natriuretic peptide level had significantly decreased (1101 [517–1446] vs 74 [35–216] pg/mL, p=0.002). In all patients, CI had increased to over 2.2L/min/m2. The splenic volume significantly increased from pre- to post-LVAD implantation (172±48 vs. 233±78mL, p=0.002) (Figure). Furthermore, all patients were divided into two groups; elevated RAP group (n=4) and non-elevated RAP group (n=8) after LVAD support. In elevated RAP group, there were no significant changes in the spleen size between pre- and post-LVAD implantation (167±45 vs. 223±111mL, p=0.068). On the other hand, in non-elevated RAP group, the spleen volume had significantly increased from pre- to post-LVAD support (172±53 vs. 231±62mL, p=0.011). In addition, there was one patient whose hemodynamic state had changed to LO again because of LVAD failure due to pump thrombosis. In this case, the splenic volume was 212mL before LVAD implantation with LO, and increased to 418mL after LVAD implantation with non-LO, although decreased to 227mL after LVAD pump failure with LO again.
 Splenic volume changes

 The spleen may change its size in order to keep cardiac output by regulating cardiac preload depending on the systemic perfusion in advanced HF with LVAD.

 None


The neutral theory of genetic and linguistic evolution holds that the relative frequencies of variants evolve by random drift. Neutral evolution remains a plausible null model of language change. In this paper we provide evidence against the neutral hypothesis by considering the geographical patterns observed in language surveys. We model speakers as neurons in a Hopfield network embedded in space, analogous to one of the classical two dimensional lattice models of statistical physics. The universality class of the model depends on the form of the activation function of the neurons, which encodes learning behaviour of speakers. We view maps generated by the Survey of English Dialects as samples from our network. Maximum likelihood analysis, and comparison of spatial auto-correlations between real and simulated maps, indicates that the maps are more likely to belong to the conformity-driven Ising class, where interfaces are driven by surface tension, rather than the neutral Voter class, where they are driven by noise.


Manful SE, Manful E. Improving the lives of Ghanaian children: complementing the global agenda with a structural social work approach

Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 115–123 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.

In principle, Ghana's commitment to the global agenda for improving the welfare of children cannot be disputed. Globalisation has advanced changes in the country's institutional landscape with the introduction of economic reforms and administrative institutional frameworks to improve the welfare of children, amongst others. This article discusses the impacts of two global agendas, the Structural Adjustment Program and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It argues that the economic reforms and the legal framework to ensure the welfare of children have not achieved their envisaged goals, because the global initiatives focused on institutional changes, neglecting social factors that cause inequalities. Consequently, these factors have contributed to the inability of adequate service provision for children. To alleviate the problem, this article suggests that a structural social work approach be adopted in Ghana as a complementary strategy to improve the welfare of children.


Organic compounds containing polar functions with nitrogen, oxygen, or sulphur atoms as well as heterocyclic's containing conjugated double bonds are usually used to mitigate the electrochemical corrosion attack on metallic materials and have been reported as effective inhibitors of mild steel corrosion in acidic media even in very small concentrations [1-4]. These organic compounds are adsorbed on metallic surface and decrease the corrosion rate. Heterocyclic compounds represent a potential class of corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibition by N containing heterocyclic compounds has been widely reported. Heterocyclic compounds containing both N&S atoms are of particular importance as they often provide excellent inhibition compared to those containing only N or S. The planar π electrons and lone pair of electrons present on the hetero atoms are the important structural features that determine the adsorption of these molecules on the metal surface. C-steel is the most widely used as constructional material in many industries due to its excellent mechanical and low cost. It is used in large tonnages in marine applications, chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, construction and metal processing equipment. Acid solutions are widely used in industry, which leads to corrosive attack. Therefore, the consumption of inhibitors to reduce corrosion has increased in recent years. The corrosion controls by inhibitors is one of the most common effective and economic methods to protect metals in acid media [520]. Metals are the pre-eminent important materials used in structural and decorative applications. The corrosion, deterioration or destruction of metals is an unavoidable but controlled process [21]. There are little reports on the corrosion characteristics of different metal in sulphamic acid media. The sulphamic acid has the advantage of bing a crystalline solid,and compatible for use with stainless stell and low alloy steels [22]. There are two types of correlations between the adsorbed inhibitor and metallic surface which are physisorption and chemisorptions [23]. The present work was established to study the corrosion inhibition of C-steel in 1 M HCl and 1M H2SO4 solution by new ionic liquids derivatives as corrosion inhibitors using weight loss method and theoretical studies. The effect of Abstract The inhibitive of compound on mild steel in 1M H2SO4 and 1M HCl was investigated by weight loss, Potentio dynamic polarization and electro chemical impedance studies. The synthesized compound of 1acetyl-4,5-dihydro-5-methoxyphenyl-3-(thiophen-2yl) pyrazoles was characterized by FTIR, H NMR, C NMR. The purity of the compound was confirmed by TLC. The corrosion inhibition rate was increased in increasing the concentration of our synthesized inhibitor (1-acetyl-4, 5-dihydro-5-methoxyphenyl3(thiophen-2yl) pyrazoles). The synergetic effect also studied and observed good correlation between halides and our inhibitor. The Electro-chemical impedance studies are carried out for the inhibitor activity with as well as without presence of halides. The adsorption isotherm was also confirmed by Langmuir adsorption isotherm.


Introduction: Nateglinide or N-(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl-1-carbonyl)-D-phenylalanine is a drug with a rapid hypoglycemic effect that is mainly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Very few studies have assessed bioequivalence based on feeding status. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic bioequivalence and safety of nateglinide-containing tablets (0.12 g) in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. Methods: The studies were performed in 2017–2018 in the Phase I Clinical Trial Ward of the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China. Eligible Chinese volunteers received a single 0.12-g dose of the test or reference formulation, followed by a 7-day washout period and administration of the alternate formulation. Blood samples were collected at various time intervals, and plasma nateglinide concentrations were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Then, the adverse events, laboratory test results, vital signs, and physical exam findings were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The ratios of the geometric means of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-inf of the tested to reference preparations under fasting conditions were 105.03% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 99.53–110.83%), 104.02% (90% CI: 101.37–106.74%), and 104.04% (90% CI: 101.38–106.77%), respectively. The same ratios under fed conditions were 96.55% (90% CI: 85.80–108.65%), 103.08% (90% CI: 100.07–106.18%), and 103.07% (90% CI: 100.21–106.01%), respectively. The 90% CI values for Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-inf fell within the accepted range of bioequivalence (80.00–125.0%). Common adverse events included hypoglycemia, heart rate increase, palpitation, sweating, dizziness, and diarrhea. Conclusions: The test formulation (0.12 g) met the CFDA's regulatory definition for bioequivalence to the reference formulation. Both formulations were well tolerated by healthy Chinese subjects. Trial Registration: This trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical trial registry (ChiCTR2000030694), March 10, 2020.


For the last forty-five years religious manifestations in Indonesian Borneo have been intensely studied, described and explained by foreign observers and indigenous participants alike. To understand them correctly, reliable sources must be consulted. For instance, the present-day situation should be assessed by Adat specialists (specialists on customary laws), religious functionaries or educated members of a community, and not be based solely on the observations of ordinary villagers. If an event is removed in time by more than one generation and living witnesses are no longer available, it is obviously necessary to consult archives and scholarly sources and books. The religion to be discussed in this report developed among the NgajuDayak in what is today the Indonesian Province of Central Kalimantan. Kalimantan is the Indonesian territory that makes up most of the island of Borneo, the northern and northeastern parts of which belong to the states of Sarawak and Sabah of Malaysia. The Ngaju occupy areas along the southern Barito, the Minor Kapuas, the Kahayan and the Katingan rivers, as well as parts of the Mentaya. According to one of the most famous Dayak specialists, Anne Schiller (2005: 110), the Ngaju Dayaks are an indigenious people of the now very straggling rainforests of Central The China Review, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Spring 2002), 1–28


Periphrasis is a stylistic device that, in the form of a free phrase or awhole sentence, replaces the name of the corresponding object or phenomenon. Thisarticle discusses the main classification of paraphrases.