Etter and colleagues showed that industry-sponsored trials of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were more likely to report statistically significant results compared with non-industry trials [1]. They suggest that one possible reason for this difference may be greater resources in industry-sponsored trials, leading to higher treatment compliance and therefore greater efficacy. However, differential efficacy may be due to increased response in the active arm, reduced response in the placebo arm, or both. Moreover, there is anecdotal evidence that researchers have attempted to increase the likelihood of obtaining a statistically significant result in trials by reducing the rate of placebo responding [2]. We sought to explore this possibility by investigating quit rates in the placebo arm of industry-sponsored and nonindustry trials of NRT. We identified clinical trials of NRT from the relevant review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [3]. Study level data were extracted independently by two authors (N.G., E.T.) and discrepancies resolved by a third author (S.G.). Data on 12-month quit rates in the active and placebo arms of each study were extracted. Where data were available only on 6-month quit rates these values were used to impute 12-month quit rate values, given the high correlation between these variables (r = +0.90). In addition, data on individual study characteristics, including year of publication, location of study (United States, other), level of behavioural support (low, high), type of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (oral/ nasal spray, patch), definition of abstinence (point prevalence, sustained), outcomes measured (6-month, 12-month, both), biochemical validation [none/not stated, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), cotinine/other biochemical] and industry support (present, absent) were extracted. Two studies conducted across multiple sites in the United States and other countries were coded according to whether or not the majority of sites were in the United States. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between industry support and placebo quit rate. Analyses were performed unadjusted and adjusted for individual study characteristics, including active quit rate to adjust for overall quit success in each sample. All analyses were weighted by the inverse of the individual study standard error (SE). A total of 113 studies of NRT were identified from the Cochrane review and screened for potential eligibility. Studies were excluded if they did not specify the level of adjunctive behavioural support (k = 3), or offered free choice or combined NRT (k = 3), resulting in the exclusion of six studies, so that a total of 107 studies were included in the final analyses (70 industry-sponsored trials and 37 non-industry trials) (Table 1). Linear regression indicated an association between presence of industry support and reduced placebo quit rate in the unadjusted model [B = -4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -8%, -1%, P = 0.008], which was attenuated somewhat in the fully adjusted model (B = -2%, 95% CI -4%, -0%, P = 0.048). Given the large number of predictors in our model, we also fitted a reduced model with predictor removal contingent on P > 0.2. Both models yielded similar results (Table 2), and accounted for >70% of the variance in placebo quit rate. When active quit rate was used as the outcome variable and placebo quit rate included as a covariate, there was no association with source of funding. Our analysis suggests that the differential efficacy of NRT between industry-sponsored and non-industry trials may result from differences in the quit rate in the placebo arm of these trials, rather than differences in the active arm. A number of factors may account for this difference between industry-funded and non-industry trials, such as the characteristics of participants recruited (in particular heaviness of smoking or level of tobacco dependence), the exclusion of participants with confounding comorbidity (such as alcohol abuse or mood disorder) or the number of study sites [2]. Interestingly, we did not observe an association between placebo response rate and either year of publication or whether the study was conducted in the United States, in contrast with recent evidence from trials of antidepressant medication [4,5]. These results suggest that there may be important differences in the design and conduct of industry-sponsored trials compared with nonindustry trials, which impact specifically upon placebo response rates to increase the likelihood of observing a statistically significant treatment effect.


The histological diagnosis of any intra-thoracic mass by non-invasive techniques remains difficult. Those masses lying near the mediastinum may be accessible to bronchoscopy and biopsy whereas peripheral lesions adjacent to the rib cage are more suited to percutaneous needle biopsy. Computerised Tomography of the thorax provides vital information as to the physical structure and properties of any mass lesion the results of which may enable


OBJECTIVE Purpose To intestigate the clinical experiences of therapy of percutaneoustrans-popliteal-artery retrograde subintimal angioplasty with long superficial femoral arteryocclusion.METHODS Percutaneous trans-popliteal-artery retrograde subintimal angioplasty wereperformed on 5 patients with long superficial femoral artery occlusion,between February 2006 and May 2007.RESULTS All 5 cases were done well,with 100% technical successrate,and,without serious complications and operative death.The repatency rates of 6 monthsand 1 year after operation are 80% and 60%,respectively.All the cases have no seriouscomplications CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous trans-popliteal-artery retrograde subintimalangioplasty is a safe and effective therapeutic mean of chronic serious limb ischemia that arecaused by long sclerosis lower extremity arterial occlusion.


A surface density model based on experimental and calculated criticality data is developed for finite water-reflected arrays and results in semiempirical analytic expressions describing criticality. The relations provide information on the reactivity associated with such perturbations to arrays as changes in unit shapes, cell volumes, array shapes, and array reflectors. Equivalence between different fissile materials in a critical array is defined. The surface density and density analog models are shown to be in correspondence when applied to the same data. The density analog model is expressible as f(N) = g(m)rho/sup -2/. The functions f(N) and g(m) are explicitly given, and the constant exponent has general applicability.


Abstract The primary objective of the current study was to examine the effects of an intervention to promote preservice teachers' sense of efficacy for teaching English language learners (ELLs). Participants were undergraduates enrolled in either a "non-intervention" or "intervention" section of an educational psychology course. Results revealed that those receiving the invention had a higher sense of efficacy for instructing ELL students than those who did not, but that participants in both groups had a higher sense of efficacy for students in general than for ELL students specifically.


Data mining has emerged as powerful tools to automate the decision-making processes. The deficiency of the traditional approach of data mining for prediction is that the low-accuracy decision rules that cannot be used and the quality rules, with high accuracy, do not guarantee that they will be used since the premise (condition) part of the rule should match with the input domain of the testing data sets. Furthermore, negative information/data, which are defined as information/data, misclassify the outcomes from the testing data set and are normally discarded. It is possible to reuse the information/data for training purposes and they contain a positive impact on prediction accuracy. This paper presents a data-mining-based hybrid approach that consists of a novel rough-set algorithm for feature selection and an enhanced multi-class support vector machines (SVMs) method for accurate prediction. The approach can simultaneously derive decision rules, identify the most significant features and generate a well-tuned prediction model with high accuracy. A case study of supplier selection of a video game system is validated by historical data and the results show the practical viability of the hybrid approach for predicting preferred suppliers.


We use Fourier transform method to obtain spectra characteristics structures of the observed ionospheric peak height (hmF2) and vertical B E × drifts determined from model calculation and virtual height (h'F); in the equatorial region. Our data were collected from Ibadan and spans from January to December 1958 (IGY-year), a year of high solar activity maximum. Our results demonstrate several wave components. The strongest wave amplitude in hmF2 spectra range from about 23 km to a value near 30 km, whereas B E × drifts is between 3.53-5.53 m/s. Overall, clear 2.4-day and 3.2-day oscillations are shown in the vertical plasma drifts and hmF2 spectra respectively.


Part 1 Preliminaries from differential topology and microlocal analysis: jets and transversality theorems generalized bicharacteristics wave front sets of distributions. Part 2 Reflecting rays: billiard ball map periodic rays for several convex bodies Poincare map scattering rays examples. Part 3 Generic properties of reflecting rays: generic properties and smooth embeddings elementary generic properties absence of tangent segments non-degeneracy of reflecting rays. Part 4 Bumpy metrics: Poincare map for closed geodesics local perturbations of smooth surfaces non-degeneracy and transversality global perturbations of smooth surfaces. Part 5 Poisson relation for manifolds with boundary: Poisson relation for convex domains Poisson relation for arbitrary domains. Part 6 Poisson summation formula for manifolds with boundary: global parametrix for mixed problem Poisson summation formula. Part 7 Inverse spectral results for generic bounded domains: planar domains interpolating Hamiltonians approximations of closed geodesics by periodic reflecting rays Poisson relation for generic strictly convex domains. Part 8 Poisson relation for the scattering kernel: representation of the scattering kernel Poisson relation for the scattering kernel. Part 9 Singularities of the scattering kernel for generic domains. Part 10 Scattering invariants for several strictly convex domains: hyperbolicity of scattering trajectories existence of scattering rays and asymptotic of their sojourn times asymptotic of the coefficients of the main singularity.


We numerically study the vortex-vortex interaction in multi-component homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates within the realm of the Gross-Pitaevskii theory. We provide strong evidences that pairwise vortex interaction captures the underlying mechanisms which determine the geometric configuration of the vortices, such as different lattices in many-vortex states, as well as the bound vortex states with two (dimer) or three (trimer) vortices. Specifically, we discuss and apply our theoretical approach to investigate intra- and inter-component vortex-vortex interactions in two- and three-component Bose-Einstein condensates, thereby shedding light on the formation of the exotic vortex configurations. These results correlate with current experimental efforts in multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates, and the understanding of the role of vortex interactions in multiband superconductors.


Objective To develop an assay for determining bacterial endotoxin(BE T) content in Maodongqing Compound Injection (MCI). Methods The dilution radio o f Maodongqing Compound Injection was optimized and BET content was determined by turbidimetric kinetic method. Results Dilution ratio of Maodongqing Compound In jection at 1 ∶80 did not interfere with the Limulus test. The average recovery of BET was between 50 %and 200 %. Conclusion The method is proved to be accura te,sensitive and suitable for the determination of BET content in Maodongqing C ompound Injection.


Aim: To develop and validatea selective, sensitive and simple RP-HPLC method for the determination of ergotamine tartrate (ET) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Study Design: All variables were studied to optimize the chromatographic conditions. Place and Duration of Study:Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria during seven months. Methodology: The chromatographic separation of ET and bromocriptine mesylate (BCM, was used as internal standard) was achieved on a reversed phase BDS Hypersil C8 column (250◊4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size ) with a mobile phase consisted of MeOH -HCOOH 0.1 M (70:30, v/v), pumped at a flow rate 1.0 mL min -1 and detected at 320 nm. Results:The retention times were 8.30 and 10.93 min for ET and BCM, respectively. The validation of the proposed method was carried out for specificity, linearity,


Let (X,Y), (X_{l}, Y_{l}), (X_{2}, Y_{2}), \cdots be independent identically distributed pairs of random variables, and let m(x)=E(Y|X = x) be the regression curve of Y on X . The estimation of zeros and extrema of the regression curve via stochastic approximation methods is considered. Consistency results of some sequential procedures are presented and termination rules are defined providing fixed width confidence intervals for the parameters to be estimated.


The protection disposition modes for 10 kV distribution transformers mainly include circuit breakers,load switches or load switches plus fuses.The load switch,although economic,is seldom used for its incapability of breaking shortcircuit current.The circuit breaker,despite its good technical performance,is impractical for widespread use due to the high investment and the complicity in operation.The mode of load switch plus fuse,not only avoiding the use of complicated and expensive circuit breaker,remedying the incapability of load switch in breaking shortcircuit current,but also satisfying the requirements of practical running,merits wide spreading as a protection mode for distribution transformers.A technoeconomic comparison is also made between the breaker mode and the load switch plus fuse mode for 10 kV ring mains unit (RMU) and 10 kV distribution transformers of endusers,so as to provide reference for the design of distribution power network and operation administrators.


A brief study of democratic theory as it relates to public participation and government communications within a New Zealand context. A literature review identifies the traditional communications conventions pre-state sector reform and a survey of state sector communications managers reveals the conflict between this traditional approach as it is articulated, and actual practice in the post-state sector reform environment. A new convention is presented based on three divisions within the core public service: primarily policy; primarily operational; and mixed objective. Communications conventions for state-owned enterprises, Crown entities and Crown research institutes are also identified.


Real‐time hybrid testing involves the separation of a system into an experimental component and a numerically simulated substructure which are coupled and run together. The coupling between substructures is achieved using actuators and force sensors which comprise the transfer system. Close synchronization is required between substructures for reliable hybrid testing. However, actuator lag may cause tracking errors and instability in hybrid tests. Existing lag compensation schemes require identification of the coupled dynamics of the transfer system and experimental component and can be sensitive to changes in these components. Passivity control is a technique intended to maintain stability without the need for system identification or assumptions about the actuators or test specimens. Yet, the tuning of existing passivity controllers is sensitive to both the system being tested and the amplitude and frequency range excited. This paper presents a new, normalized passivity controller which behaves well across a much broader range of operating conditions once tuned for a single‐test scenario. The proposed approach uses a virtual damping element on the numerical substructure to dissipate spurious power injected by the actuator into the system, based on the ratio of net power output to mean power throughput. The scheme has been shown to result in identical performance for a linear hybrid test with a range of step excitations from 0.5 mm up to 500 mm. The proposed method can be used to improve test stability and fidelity in isolation or alongside other compensation schemes to further improve performance.


The history of the Netherlands reveals major shifts from centralisation of government tasks towards decentralisation and vice versa. In the seventeenth century, the Republic of United Provinces was the first federal state in modern history. Many transformations later the Kingdom of the Netherlands became a big centralised welfare state. Since the 1980s a reverse development has started: the welfare state is being downsized and decentralised. This paper describes and discusses this evolution in view of a broad spectrum of economic theories. Four conclusions are drawn. Firstly, a major reason for changes in fiscal decentralisation arrangements was a deterioration of economic and political circumstances. Secondly, also many other factors, like the increase in communication, mobility, population density, urbanisation and the role of government, necessitated changes. Thirdly, accountability and transparency of local government has been improved substantially. Fourthly, current arrangements are not optimal and should be changed. For example, Dutch municipalities should increase further in scale and the role of Dutch provinces should be reconsidered.


Digital companions and conversational agents are becoming increasingly popular in our everyday lives. Natural language interfaces play an important role in ubiquitous computing: voice assistants are used to control smart home devices and smartphone applications; chatbots serve as an interface to solve tasks and acquire information easily. However, misunderstandings due to non-standard language, expressions that serve social functions without conveying information, or a lack of situational awareness still pose problems for these interfaces. Humans are able to prevent or repair communication failures by imitating their conversation partner's lexical choices, sentence structures, and overall language style; a mechanism known as Linguistic Alignment. In this paper we present different strategies to easily integrate an alignment effect in natural language interfaces. We implemented a chatbot that imitates alignment and tested it in an online user study with 75 participants. Our results show that alignment helps to decrease user frustration and perceived task workload.


Wae Bobok, Tanjung Boleng Village, Boleng District, West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province, has several ideal local food potentials to be developed into local specialties. This area has quite good agricultural potential in the form of rice, sweet potatoes, and various other food products. The strategic location of Wae Bobok village makes it a "rest area" for land-crossers in the southern area of West Manggarai. Currently there are several stall managers who take advantage of this opportunity by selling food and beverage products to earn income. Food and beverage products sold are actually still dominated by non-local products obtained from shops or products outside the region. This certainly indicates that the typical regional products of Manggarai have not been able to become the distinctive color of regional culinary delights, even though the local food potential of the regions is quite diverse. Overal the activities that have been carried out by the team of lecturers are to increase knowledge for shop managers in innovating food and beverage products that are processed from local food. Some of the menus taught in this PkM activity are candlenut cake products, candlenut oil products, candlenut satay seasoning, and rice cake. After carrying out PKM activities in Wae Bobok Village, the team of lecturers concluded that the village's natural potential had not been optimally utilized by stall managers to produce food and beverage products. This is very unfortunate considering the strategic location of the village which is a stopover to unwind. The managers are quite enthusiastic in participating in all the activities carried out by the team of lecturers and students of the Hospitality Management DIV and hope that activities like this will be carried out regularly by the campus.


The closed time-path formalism is a powerful Green's function formulation to describe non-equilibrium phenomena in field theory and it leads to a complete non-equilibrium quantum kinetic theory. We make use of this formalism to write down the set of quantum Boltzmann equations relevant for leptogenesis. They manifest memory effects and off-shell corrections. In particular, memory effects lead to a time-dependent CP asymmetry whose value at a given instant of time depends upon the previous history of the system. This result is particularly relevant when the asymmetry is generated by the decays of nearly mass-degenerate heavy states, as in resonant or soft leptogenesis.


A synthesis of methyl 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(substituted phenyl)butanoates has been accomplished using Friedel-Crafts acylation of substituted benzenes with 2-acetoxybutanoyl chloride.The key feature of this strategy is that various 4-arylbutanoates can be obtained conveniently,which are important intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds including ACE inhibitors.


Based on Lagrangian stochastic trajectory model,the study numerically simulated the particle's trajectory in 90° square ventilation bends for a variety of particle sizes ranging from 1 μm to 100 μm at different air speeds.Taking the impact of bend size,turbulence intensity,as well as factors such as wall roughness on the deposition rate of particles into account,the results show that when the flow is in turbulent transition zone(5K+30),wall roughness has a significant role on deposition rate.The deposition rate should be enhanced with the increase of curvature and particle Stokes number,it is in favor of particle transport when the curvature of bend is 4.


The challenges that African biblical critics face arise from the contextual nature of
African readings of the Bible, the diversity of the African context and the ambivalence of
the Bible. Because contextual Bible reading has to do with the social role of the Bible,
African readings of the Bible must impact society in its various dimensions. The ultimate
challenge is to be creative in developing methods that serve the hermeneutical concerns
of the African context, and in reading the Bible against the grain of conventional
paradigms to produce African contextual readings that make a distinctive contribution to
global biblical research.


At nanoscale, surface and interface have significant effects on the physical and mechanical properties of solids, due to the increasing ratio of surface area to volume. Diffraction of horizontal shear waves (SH-wave) around a nanosized cylindrical hole in a half-plane is presented in this paper. The surface elasticity theory is adopted to account for surface effects at nanoscale. Using the displacement potential and wave functions expansion methods, the elastic fields around the hole induced by incident SH-wave are studied analytically. For different incident wave frequencies and different separations between the surface of the half-plane and the hole, the effects of surface properties on the dynamic stress concentration is discussed in detail. The results show that surface effects play an important role in the diffractions of SH-wave as the radius of the hole shrinks to nanoscale. Generally speaking, with the increase of surface constant, the dynamic stress concentration will decrease almost in the whole range. When the separation between the hole and the surface of the half-plane gets larger, the dynamic stress concentration will also decline due to the constraint from surrounding medium. Moreover, surface effects also evidently alter the shape of surface of the half-plane, compared to the conventional analysis.


Explicit consideration of the analytic properties of the solutions to the dilated Hamiltonian is taken into account in the construction of the matrix representation of the latter in an L2 basis. The total dilated matrix is blocked according to division of the basis into ''bound'' and ''scattering'' subspaces, which are interacting via the off‐diagonal blocks, leading to a coupling maintaining the adequacy of the bound part of the basis throughout the wide range of the dilation angle. The size of the bound subspace, M, becomes a new stabilization parameter; its variation covers the entire range of situations between a real stabilization calculation and the conventional complex‐scaling calculation. This construction allows for a systematic analysis of the dilated Hamiltonian, bringing forward the physical interpretation of the configuration interaction while suppressing the disadvantageous effects of the dilation transformation, manifested by poor convergence. The connections to Junker's complex stabilizati...


One of the most significant issues confronting studies in the anthropology of tourism is that of cultural change precipitated in host societies as a result of an influx of tourists. Many times those changes are accompanied by a reorganization of the host population along ethnic lines, that is, by the creation of tourismoriented-ethnicities. This article's purpose is to examine the relationship between tourism and ethnicity in theoretical terms and to contribute to a better academic understanding of ethnic tourism.


A statistical study of the size, temporal and spatial distribution of cut-off low (COL) systems on the 200 hPa pressure surface has been conducted for the Northern Hemisphere. The 200 hPa surface is of relevance for stratosphere–troposphere exchange processes. The study covered a 5-year period and recorded information (duration, size, position, movement) for all COLs that lasted for 2 days or more. Cut-off lows form more often in summer than winter and in preferred geographical regions. The majority of COLs lasted 2–3 days and very few lasted more than 10 days. Cut-off lows were found over a wide range of sizes, but the majority were between 200 and 1200 km (max diameter in latitude). Approximately 50% of the COLs that lasted more than 3 days moved considerable (>600 km) distances. Although their motion was, as a rule, rather irregular, it was seen that COL systems would characteristically move northwards, or eastwards–northwards as they began to decay. Finally, there was some degree of interannual variability in COL distribution. © 1998 Royal Meteorological Society


A central idea in Construction Grammar is that there is no strict division between the lexicon and syntax (Fillmore et al. 1988; Jurafsky 1992; Goldberg 1995). It has been argued that although grammatical constructions differ in their complexity, they are basically the same type of declaratively represented data structures that pair form with meaning (Goldberg 1995: 7). However, there has been relatively little work detailing the exact nature of the relationship between form and meaning in Construction Grammar. This is important when an analysis aims to posit different abstract argument structure constructions for licensing a single syntactic structure that may be interpreted in different ways. For example, Goldberg (1995) claims that the caused-motion and resultative interpretations of the sentences in (1) and (2) are ultimately due to the fact that independently existing meaningful constructions are capable of contributing additional arguments to the basic senses of verbs.


In Brazil, where forest meets savanna, new towns, agribusiness and hydroelectric plants form a patchwork with the indigenous territories. Here, agricultural work, fishing, songs, feasts and exchanges occupy the Enawenê-nawê for eight months of each year during a season called Yankwa. Vital Diplomacy focuses on this major ceremonial cycle to shed new light on classic Amazonian themes such as kinship, gender, manioc cultivation and cuisine, relations with non-humans and foreigners, and the interplay of myth and practice, exploring how ritual contains and diverts the threat of violence by reconciling antagonistic spirits, coordinating social and gender divides, and channelling foreign relations and resources.


Thin films of boron nitride were grown by femtosecond, pulsed laser deposition. The films were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. All the results indicated the presence of wurtzite phase in the thin film in contrast to usual phases such as cubic or hexagonal ones. Moreover, the electron diffraction pattern showed that the size of the wurtzite boron nitride crystallite was larger than 4 μm although boron nitride films reported so far consisted of small crystallites in the nanometer region.


Cognitive Development which means improvement of cognitive functionality can be enhanced by various experiences. Programming is a kind of these various experiences. Experiences related to the computational thinking which are gathering through programming are helpful to cognitive development. This paper describes on conceptual thinking and Scratch programming language which is easy to learn and use. Also, this paper expands computational concepts of Scratch in order to widen the range of computational thinking. Scratch programming with expanded computational concepts can widen the range of experiences for the cognitive development. Therefore, expansion of Scratch's computational concepts can be a big help for an efficient cognitive development through Scratch programming.


The present invention is a two-way transmission chain comprising a plurality of link members, each link having four sides, two neighboring sides perpendicular to each other, each side has cooperating sprocket tooth cogging ; a first end surface of each link member is provided with two lugs a first axis, a first axial hole provided with a corresponding lug on both a first axis; a second shaft is provided with two second end surfaces of the link body ear, the ear is provided on the second shaft corresponding to a second axial hole, and the axis perpendicular to the axis of the second bore hole in a first axis; a plurality of link bodies, the first shaft section of a lug of another chain link member a second shaft connected by ear sequentially connecting block; having two mutually angled rotation axis of the connecting piece, the two rotary shafts, respectively a first shaft hole and the other chain links of the two body somites a second shaft rotatably connecting hole. The present invention may be curved in two directions at the same time, Jian Jie structure, having an equal transfer performance in both bending directions. Rotation axis force balance, and long service life.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of mean and severe hyperplasia by combined traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine.Methods Tamoxifen(TAM) and tabele of Rupixiao or Jieyusanjie mixture were given to 176 patients with mean or severe hyperplasia,3 menstrual cycles.Results The cure rate in the short term was 17.05% (30/176),the excellence rate was 55.68% (98/176) ; the ordinary effective rate was 12.5% (22/176),and the total effective rate was 82.73% (150/176).The nullity rate was 17.27% (26/176),including 5 patients who was enable to tolerant the side effects.Conclusions It is effective for treating breast hyperplasia by taking medicine of TAM combined with tablets of Rupixiao and Jieyusan,and the side effects are less and the clinical safety is high in the shorter therapeutic term.At the mean time,combined therapy and regular follow-up should be taken for the nullity patients.

Key words:
Integrative Medicine;  Mammary gland hyperplasia


692 Background: Retrospective case series suggest that watch-and-wait (WW) is a safe alternative to total mesorectal excision (TME) in selected patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Because treatment strategies vary widely and total numbers of patients treated at different institutions have not been reported, the proportion of rectal cancer patients who can potentially benefit from WW is not known. Here, we report the results of a treatment strategy incorporating WW in a cohort of rectal cancer patients treated with total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). Methods: Consecutive patients with stage II/III (MRI staging) rectal adenocarcinoma treated with TNT from 2012 to 2017 by a single surgeon were included. TNT consisted of mFOLFOX6 (8 cycles) or CapeOX (5 cycles) either before or after CRT (5600 cGy in 28 fractions with sensitizing fluorouracil or capecitabine). Tumor response was assessed with a digital rectal exam, endoscopy, and MRI according to predefined criteria. Patients with a cCR were offered WW, and patients with residual tumor were offered TME. WW and TME patients were compared based on intention to treat, using the chi-square or rank sum test. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: A total of 109 patients were identified. One patient died during CRT. Of the 108 patients, 64 (59%) had an incomplete clinical response; 4 of the 64 patients declined surgery or had local excision, and 60 underwent TME. The remaining 44 patients (41%) had a cCR and underwent WW. On average, patients in the WW group were older and had smaller, more distal tumors. Median radiation dose, number of chemotherapy cycles, number ofadverse events, or length of follow-up (28 months) did not differ between the TME and WW groups. Five (11%) of the 44 WW patients had local tumor regrowth, at a median of 14 (4–25) months after TNT; 2 of the 5 also had distant metastasis. Six (10%) of the 60 TME patients had a pathological complete response. RFS did not differ between the TME and WW groups (log rank P= 0.09). Conclusions: Approximately 40% of patients with stage II/III rectal cancer treated with TNT achieve a clinical complete response and can benefit from a WW approach with the aim of preserving the rectum.


To use external prestressing to enhance the existing public buildings suffering from loss of reliability, this paper represents the static tests on 14 low strength concrete beams reinforced by external pre-stressed, and demonstrates an experiment on the mechanical performance of model beam, such as flexural bearing capacity of normal side, rigidity and crack. The result of experimental study shows that it is feasible and significant to spread the application of external prestressing to enhance the reliability of existing public buildings. Keywords-low strength concrete; external pre-stressing; static test; reliability


"Anxiety/Uncertainty Management" assumes that uncertainty reduction and reducing/controlling anxiety plays an important role in cross-culture adaptation.Anxiety and uncertainty reduction is closely related with stereotypes,favourable contact,shared network,intergroup attitudes,cultural similarity,cultural identity and second language competence.This paper intends to discuss the theory of culture adaptation in "Anxiety/Uncertainty Management" and its application strategies in cross-culture adaptation training.


Objective: Complete hydatidiform mole is a gestational trophoblastic disease. It has the potential for malignant transformation. The precise mechanism of pathogenesis remains poorly understood but it has been suggested that defects in apoptosis may play a role. Most complete hydatidiform moles spontaneously regress after suction evacuation. However, about 8-30% of these patients will develop persistent trophoblastic disease and require chemotherapy. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a biological process that plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, cellular differentiation, and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases plays a central role in execution of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to assess apoptotic activity of caspase-3 in complete hydatidiform mole and to compare this with persistent trophoblastic disease. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used Western blot determination of caspase-3 activity to detect apoptosis in samples taken from 3 patients with complete hydatidiform mole, 2 patients with persistent trophoblastic disease and in the placentas of 3 healthy pregnant women as controls. Results: A dramatic increase in the level of caspase-3 activity was found in 3 patients with complete hydatidiform mole and 2 patients with persistent trophoblastic disease as compared to controls. On the other hand, the band levels of active caspase-3 were found to be lower in patients with complete hydatidiform mole than persistent trophoblastic disease group. Conclusion: Apoptosis is important in the pathogenesis of complete hydatidiform mole and may be considered as a prognostic indicator for predicting the clinical behavior of complete hydatidiform mole.


Social practice constitutes an important part of the moral and ideological education courses at college as it is indispensable to the promotion of the education for all-round development as well as to the improvement of students' practical competences.The incorporation of a scientific system of social-practice administration in the course design depends,first of all,on the collective effort by a whole school rather than by certain leaders.Therefore,only by well handling the administrative relations among the school authority and its functional departments and affiliated faculties can a scientific and reasonable system be constructed.


A novel Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is described. Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloy used was grown by means of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The band structure of the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ channel MOSFET is different from that of the silicon channel MOSFET. Because of this, the performance of the former is better than that of the latter. In the present study, 3-inch-diam, N-type, <100> oriented silicon wafers with resistivity of 2 ohm-cm were used. First, Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ (x=0.1-0.7) layers were grown, with a thickness 0.5-0.8 nm. Then, a silicon buffer layer was grown. After that, a gate oxide layer 15 nm thick was grown at a temperature of 800/spl deg/C. Following polysilicon growth, polysilicon was doped by implantation of phosphorus. The formations of source and drain were by also by implantation. The I-V curves of output with different dopant concentration were obtained. The main direct current parameters of measured Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si MOSFET are: the threshold voltage V/sub T/=-1.3 V, the transconductance G/sub m/=100-130 siemens, the breakdown voltage of source and drain is 13-16 V.


The complex problem of waste management caused it to be claimed by an increasing number of disciplines in the last period, coming to the conclusion that many times such an inter- and pluridisciplinary effort is necessary in order to reach to the expected results. Romania has a significant quantity of asbestos content wastes, as a consequence of the fact that no recycling technologies apply to them, the applicability rate being very low also at international level. The polybest is the solution offered for recycling and recovery of asbocement through a processing technology ensuring the neutralization of the noxious factors.


QoS provisioning is one of the key challenges facing current as well as future Internet architectures. Its dependency on content recognition does not allow a straightforward support of QoS in the IP, host-centric, model. In contrast, Information-Centric Networking (ICN) offers native content identification in the network, which can be exploited to develop a common, elegant, framework for supporting QoS-based delivery. Therefore, ICN may naturally overcome many of the cumbersome fixes and limitations of today's solutions. In this work, we exploit the flexibility in semantic representation offered by ICN to present a flexible and scalable ICN-based QoS model. Our model defines QoS requirements as information items that can be linked to the content at various aggregation levels, independent of the communication approach. Therefore, it can be applied uniformly to various network types and hierarchies. Furthermore, our model offers enhanced traffic treatment as well as resource utilization while significantly reducing the overhead on the network.


This paper presents the application of the deterministic approach in the planning methodology for the enhancement of the operational security of the Kosovo Power System i.e. the Kosovo TSO by increasing the security of supply through the application of the N-1 criterion in critical sections of the system. This approach is applied in order to provide for continuous and quality supply of system consumers with electric energy whereby the security of supply is determined by the Network Code also for havaric conditions respectively in cases of outages or loss of any of the essential elements of the full configuration of the Tso, transmission lines or substations/transformers for whatever reasons. Irrespectively of whether occurring as conditioned by faults, overloads, operator interventions or imposed changes of operative configurations of the system. This method of analysis and planning methodology of enhancement of the operational security of the system by applying the deterministic approach respectively the N-1 respectively N-k approach is used in the Kosovo TSO as well as in the regional ones and depending on the level of accuracy and reliability demanded by the respective analysis, it can be augmented and complemented with state-of-the-art probabilistic-stochastic approaches.


Summary This article explores how 'wicked problems' such as climate change might force psychiatry to rethink some of its fundamental ideas and ways of working, including clinical boundaries, understandings of psychopathology and ways of organising. We use ethnographic evidence to explore how mental health service 'survivor' activists are already rethinking some of these issues by therapeutically orienting themselves towards social problems and collective understandings of well-being, rejecting 'treatment as usual' approaches to distress. In this way we provide an example of the potential of activists to help psychiatry negotiate the climate crisis.


Liquid−liquid equilibrium data of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed by mixture of aqueous solutions of triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide), L64, and sulfate salts were obtained. L64 + lithium sulfate + water, L64 + magnesium sulfate + water, L64 + sodium sulfate + water, and L64 + zinc sulfate + water were formed at (278.15, 288.15, and 298.15) K. The influence of temperature in the binodal position was pronounced. The phase separation process was endothermic for the L64 + Li2SO4 system and exothermic for the L64 + MgSO4, L64 + Na2SO4 and L64 + ZnSO4 systems. Also, the slope of the tie line tended to increase with an increase in temperature. Also, the capability of the salts to induce the formation of the biphasic system followed the order ZnSO4 = MgSO4 > Na2SO4 > Li2SO4.


Prof. Alberto Fernández-Teruel has been an associate professor at the Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine (Medical Psychology Unit) of the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) and the director of the Animal Research Laboratory of this unit ("Animal and Human models of mental disorders" research group) since 2004. He received his Ph.D. degree from UAB in 1989. He carried out pre-and postdoctoral work at the ETH-Zentrum (Zürich, Switzerland), and the University of Cagliari (Italy), where he has also been a visiting professor/scientist. He has published over 160 peer-reviewed articles. Part of his research focuses on neurogenetics, quantitative genetics, and neurobiology of anxiety, schizophrenia-relevant models, and the impact of earlier experience on these animal models.


We study the dynamics of quenched fundamental matter in [FORMULA] super-symmetric large N SU(N) Yang-Mills theory at zero temperature. Our tools for this study are probe D7-branes in the holographically dual [FORMULA] Pilch-Warner gravitational background. Previous work using D3-brane probes of this geometry has shown that it captures the physics of a special slice of the Coulomb branch moduli space of the gauge theory, where the N constituent D3-branes form a dense one dimensional locus known as the enhancon, located deep in the infrared. Our present work shows how this physics is supplemented by the physics of dynamical flavours, revealed by the D7-branes embeddings we find. The Pilch-Warner background introduces new divergences into the D7-branes free energy, which we are able to remove with a single counterterm. We find a family of D7-brane embeddings in the geometry and discuss their properties. We study the physics of the quark condensate, constituent quark mass, and part of the meson spectrum. Notably, there is a special zero mass embedding that ends on the enhancon, which shows that while the geometry acts repulsively on the D7-branes, it does not do so in a way that produces spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking.


CITATION: Du Toit, G. C. & Van Der Merwe, B. J. 1997. Inappropriately resected cervical carcinoma - a preventable condition?. South African Medical Journal, 87(10):1440-1444.


The article analyzes and investigates directions for improving the quality characteristics of voice authentication systems in various access systems. One of the main ways of improving the quality characteristics of these user authentication systems is related to the use of phase information of the voice signal. The urgent scientific task of researching new procedures for pre-processing the user's voice signal of the authentication system is being solved. Refinement of pre-processing procedures was carried out, considering the use of phase data of the voice signal. The developed pre-processing procedures make it possible to reduce the impact of random errors in the user's voice signal registration materials, which also appear due to the influence of external noise. The results are obtained in statistical analysis of simulation results using experimental voice data of the user of the authentication system. The phase space of the voice signal allows you to expand the possibilities of pre-processing due to the use of a priori information about the nature of the phase data change. The presented research results should be used in voice authentication systems, improving speech recognition systems, and solving speaker identification tasks.


The type of the household biogas pool in Guangxi and the characteristic of various kinds of new pool were analyzed,the advantages and disadvantages,and adaptability of raw material of various kinds of pool were pointed out,and suggestions on the technique developing of the household biogas pool in Guangxi were proposed in this paper.


The explosion potential of transuranic (TRU) waste, destined for the Waste Isolation Pilot (WIPP), was recently examined in EEG-45. That investigation focused on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the waste, particularly acetone, and concluded that an explosion due to the VOCs was unlikely. Recent evidence raises serious concerns about drums containing mixed radioactive hazardous waste bound for the WIPP. Static electricity generated by the plastic bags represents a potential ignition source for other fuels, such as methane gas or hydrogen gas, during transportation and during the test phase. The potential danger of explosion due to hydrogen gas or methane gas generation has not yet been resolved. This report investigates that potential hazard and examines documented ignitions, fires, explosions and incidents of overpressurization of containers at generating and storage sites planning to send transuranic waste to the WIPP for disposal. 68 refs., 6 figs.


Water q u a l i t y was moni tored f o r 17 months i n s i x d i f f e r e n t a g r i c u l t u r a l watersheds t o eva lua te t h e impact o f a1 t e r a t i o n s i r~ r i p a r i a n vege ta t i on and channel morphology. Sampling was conducted d u r i n g bo th base f l o w and r u n o f f per iods . Dur ing base f lows, where r i p a r i a n vege ta t i on had been removed, i n t e r a c t i o n s between b i o l o g i c a l processes o f ins t ream o rgan i c p roduc t i on and hyd ro log i ca l processes o f seasona l l y low f lows a r e t h e p r imary determinants of seasonal dynamics of suspended s o l i d s , t u r b i d i t y and p a r t i c u l a t e phosphorus concent ra t ions . Peak l e v e l s o f a1 1 parameters a r e reached d u r i n g t h e summer p e r i o d o f increased b i o t i c a c t i v i t y . Ins t ream organ ic p roduc t i on i s o f l e s s importance i n r e g u l a t i n g water q u a l i t y where r i p a r i a n vege ta t i on i s mainta ined and f l o w s a r e n o t i n t e r m i t t e n t . Concentrat ions of suspended s o l i d s remain r e l a t i v e l y constant , and seasonal dynamics of phosphorus and t u r b i d i t y appear t o be c o n t r o l l e d by l e a f i n p u t s i n f a l l . I n t e r m i t t e n t f l o w c o n d i t i o n s i n summer enhance t h e importance o f ins t rearn o rgan i c p roduc t i on i n c o n t r o l l i n g water q u a l i t y , even when r i p a r i a n vege ta t i on i s present . Dur ing r u n o f f events, a s imp le model based on t h e KLS f a c t o r s o f t h e Un iversa l S o i l Loss Equat ion a c c u r a t e l y p r e d i c t s s p a t i a l p a t t e r n s o f suspended so l i ds , t u r b i d i t y , and phosphoru's l e v e l s i n watersheds w i t h a un i f o rm channel ized stream, w e l l p ro tec ted stream banks, and c u l t i v a t i o n t o t h e stream edge. The model was n o t an accura te p r e d i c t o r where he te rogene i t y i n r i pa r i an vege ta t i on and channel morphology e x i s ted . Suspended s o l i d s concen t ra t ions were g r e a t e r t han p r e d i c t e d i n areas where uns tab le ( f i n e ) substates occur and p o t e n t i a l energy o f t h e stream i s h i g h due t o removal o f r i p a r i a n vege ta t i on and c r e a t i o n o f a u n i f o r m and s t r a i g h t channel. T iming o f t h e peak concen t ra t i ons i n these areas seemed t o be r e l a t e d t o ma jo r f l ushes o f d ischarge due t o r a p i d urban dra inage o r de layed a d d i t i o n o f su r f ace o r subsur face i n p u t s . T h i s suggests t h a t water q u a l i t y d u r i n g r u n o f f events i s p r i m a r i l y governed by h y d r o l o g i c a l processes. B i o l o g i c a l processes determine i n c i p i e n t cond i t i ons . The hydro1 o g i c a l processes i n v o l ve complex i n t e r a c t i o n s between watershed e ros ion p o t e n t i a l , channel e q u i l i b r i u m , hyd ro log i ca l impacts of r i p a r i a n vege ta t ion , and magnitude o f t h e r u n o f f event. These r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e r e l e v a n t t h e o r y f o r enhancement o f water resources and f o r mode l l i ng water q u a l i t y i n a g r i c u l t u r a l watersheds v a r i e s depending on f l o w cond i t i ons . Dur ing base f low, emphasis should be p laced on l i n k i n g h y d r o l o g i c a l t heo ry o f ins t ream t r a n s p o r t of i n o r g a n i c m a t e r i a l t o b i o l o g i c a l t heo ry o f p roduc t i on and t r a n s p o r t of o rgan ic m a t e r i a l . Dur ing r u n o f f events, emphasis should be p laced on l i n k i n g o f e ros ion p r e d i c t i o n s f rom a g r i c u l t u r a l t heo ry t o geomorphological t h e o r y o f strearn e q u i l i b r i u m and sediment t r a n s p o r t . Such i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y l i nkages should p rov ide resource management dec i s i ons which w i l l have t h e g r e a t e s t chance of success and broadest range o f a p p l i c a b i l i t y . Schlosser, Isaac J., and Karr, James R., DETERMINANTS OF WATER QUALITY I N AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS WATER RESOURCES CENTER RESEARCH REPORT NO. 147 F i n a l r e p o r t t o t h e Water Resources Center, U n i v e r s i t y o f I 1 1 i n o i s , Urbana , 1980.


I have been set a large task today, and will necessarily be rather selective in dealing with the questions posed. In particular, I will concentrate on just a few aspects of the topic assigned to me: first, the importance of an overall macroand micro-policy framework which is supportive of a price stability goal; second, how our inflation target has been made operational; third, the results to date; and, finally, an assessment of the public response to this brave new world of contracted price stability.


Objective:To understand and analyze the healthy population of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods:By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of health examination of hepatitis B virus markers (hepatitis B two pairs of semi). Results:Health examination of hepatitis B test results of the two pairs of semi-analysis of 2 216 human hepatitis B virus,two pairs of half the total abnormal rate of 9.58%,65.16% for the five full-yin,but HBsAb positive for 25.27%. Conclusion:Nearly 65.16% of the volunteers are unaffected by HBV infection,and no protective antibodies to hepatitis B prevention and control should be increased education and publicity to raise people's awareness of hepatitis B,timely vaccine vaccination.


Objective To investigate the roles of p27 and survivin in the occurrence and development of triple negative breast carcinoma(TNBC).Methods The tissue specimen from 56 cases of TNBC(tumor group),infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast(infiltrating group),benign mammary gland hyperplasia(hyperplasia group) were collected.The protein expression of p27 and survivin was detected by immunohistochemistry,the correlation between the expression of p27,survivin and the clinicopathologic parameters of TNBC were analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of p27 in tumor group,infiltrating group and hyperplasia group was 41.1%,67.8% and 91.1% respectively,the rate in the tumor group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups,and which in the infiltrating group was significantly lower than that in the hyperplasia group(all P0.01);the positive expression rate of survivin was 69.6%,60.7% and 5.3% respectively,which in the tumor group and infiltrating group was significantly higher than that in the hyperplasia group(both P0.01.The expression of p27 in TNBC was related to the patients' s age,size of tumor,clinical stages and lymph node metastasis.The expression of survivin in TNBC was related to the patients' age,size of tumor.The expression of p27 was negatively correlated with the expression of survivin in TNBC.Conclusions The abnormal expression of p27 and survivin may correspond to the occurrence,development and prognosis of TNBC.


Objective
To compare the advantages and disadvantages of non-irrigation and irrigation in the surgical approach of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH), thus to provide reference for clinical treatment of CSDH.

Methods
Clinical data of 102 patients with CSDH were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different operation methods, the patients were divided into the non-irrigation group(52 cases) and the irrigation group(50 cases). The blood loss during the procedure, operative time, length of stay and postoperative complication rate between the two groups were compared, and the causes of postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results
The blood loss during the procedure, operative time and length of stay in the non-irrigation group were (6.73±1.17)mL, (15.06±2.64)min and (10.74±2.20)d, respectively, which in the irrigation group were (19.52±3.18)mL, (38.54±6.95)min and (10.44±2.07)d, respectively, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the blood loss during the procedure and the operative time(t=-27.11, -22.72, all P 0.05). The incidence rates of postoperative complication in the non-irrigation group and irrigation group were 8.00% and 7.69%, respectively, there was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2=0.003, P>0.05).

Conclusion
Each of the two methods has its own advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of CSDH.Compared with burr hole irrigation, burr hole non-irrigation has the advantages of less blood loss and shorter operative time.However, burr hole non-irrigation is more likely to suffer serious complication.We should select suitable surgical approach by the specific circumstances of the patients.The causes of postoperative complications of CSDH are varied.In particular, there is an important relationship between the non-standard operation and postoperative complications.

Key words:
Subdural hematoma; Department of Neurosurgery operation; Rinse; Drainage


Based on the platform on driving simulation,through selecting highway and urban road as experimental environment,the index of mental workload and driving behaviors of drivers have been monitored through the whole process.Each experiment lasts about 15 minutes.In the experiments HRV is used as assessment index of mental workload,while the use of rearview mirror,steering lamp and vehicle speed are used as indices on driver behavior.The experimental results show that compared with normal driving,when cell phone is used in driving,the phenomenon appeared-the driver's LFNU and HFNU decrease,and LF/HF increases obviously and TP increases,too.Excluding the effects of driving fatigue,it can be preliminarily concluded that the phenomenon is caused by increment of mental workload by using of cell phone.Under the situation of limited cognitive resource,the increment of mental workload causes the different degree decrease of abilities about information acquisition,use of steering lamp,gear position operation and speed control.In a word,using cell phone in driving can cause the increase of mental workload,and can produce negative effect on driving behaviors and generate potential safety hazard.Therefore,the departments concerned should make legal limits on using cell phone in driving to reduce risks of traffic accidents.


The resistivity of Ni2Mn1+xSn1−x (0.40⩽x⩽0.52) have been studied as a function of temperature to understand the phonon, magnon and disorder induced changes. The structural modulation changes with the composition in the martensitic phase. The magnetic field induced reverse phase transition is observed with application of 7 T magnetic field. The coexistence of localized and extended states is predicted due to presence of ferromagnetic and anti‐ferromagnetic mixed state in martensitic phase.The resistivity of Ni2Mn1+xSn1−x (0.40⩽x⩽0.52) have been studied as a function of temperature to understand the phonon, magnon and disorder induced changes. The structural modulation changes with the composition in the martensitic phase. The magnetic field induced reverse phase transition is observed with application of 7 T magnetic field. The coexistence of localized and extended states is predicted due to presence of ferromagnetic and anti‐ferromagnetic mixed state in martensitic phase.


The calcium carbide method is used for measuring the moisture content in hydrating cement paste which could be considered as a measure of the course of the hydration process. The experimental measurements show that the readings on the acetylene manometer used for calculating the residual moisture content in the material increase with time significantly up to approximately six hours which is remarkably different from the measurements on the most of other materials such as bricks, gypsum, etc., where the final constant readings are achieved already after ten minutes. Two hypotheses for the explanation of this fact are proposed. The first consists in the assumption that calcium carbide reacts not only with free water but also with a part of water already bonded in the cement binder. The decomposition of ettringite in the reaction bottle accompanied by partial loss of bonded water, which becomes available for the reaction with calcium carbide should be the most probable mechanism in this case. The second hypothesis is based on the assumption that the delay in determining the final values of residual moisture content is caused by a slow release of water from cement gel due to the high bonding forces of water to the porous matrix in small gel pores. In any case, the relatively long time necessary for the achievement of final readings makes the application of calcium carbide method for monitoring the hydration process questionable because its main advantage, fast determination of moisture content, cannot be effectively utilized.


The law of value is empirically evaluated as it relates to the distribution of capital across industries and their appropriation of surplus value, using US economic census manufacturing data from 1997 through 2017. Strong correlation is demonstrated between the annual surplus value appropriated and mass of capital stock, with the coefficient of determination values ranging 0.75–0.85. Correlation between the product of the effective rate of surplus value and the annual number of turnovers of variable capital versus the organic composition of capital plus one yields coefficient of determination values ranging 0.50–0.61. Factors underlying this correlation are evaluated. Taking market concentration into account only marginally improves the coefficient of determination values. To model results, a theoretical framework is presented in which surplus value is partially retained and partially redistributed across industries. Lastly, the term 'concrete composition of capital' is introduced to denote the ratio of fixed capital to circulating capital, as a counterpart to the organic composition of capital. This ratio increases over time indicating technological progress under capitalism is mobilized to decrease unit production costs, expand the scale of production, and reduce the turnover period of circulating capital as fundamental means of competition.


The author has investigated and analyzed a large number of the English teachers′ quality status of the elementary education in Pingdingshan City,and has made some valuable suggestions for the English teaching reform and character education of teachers′ colleges.


In this work, we address the problem of estimating a speech signal corrupted by an additive noise when observations from two microphones are available. The extended spectral subtraction method (ESS), based on adaptive Wiener filtering is first introduced. The ESS method is implemented in the two channels and an adaptive system identification (ASI) based on the LMS algorithm is applied only on the reference channel. Finally we obtain an estimation of the speech signal by a simple combination of the two signals obtained from each branch.


The sequential membrane system and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry are investigated on their usefulness for characterizing aquatic humic substances. In this research, the Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) was used for the investigation. For the mass spectrometry, the optimum analytical conditions were determined. Two indices (i.e., the total ion intensity and the averaged molecular weight) obtained from the spectrum were found relevant for evaluating the physical characteristics of aquatic humic substances. The repetitious peaks at a discrete of 14 Da in the lower m/z range of the acquired spectrum suggested that the SRFA has the –CH2– based structure in its lower molecular weight region. For the sequential membrane system, the optimum operating conditions were determined. The SRFA could be fractionated and concentrated by this system. The significant difference of the averaged molecular weight among the concentrated fractions from the different size membranes indicated thatthis system is useful for the fractionation and concentration of the aquatic humic substances.


The average magnetic moments of small iron clusters with less than 300 atoms per cluster have been measured from deflections of a cluster beam by a Stern-Gerlach magnet. We find that the deflections are always in the high field direction for all clusters studied. This behavior indicates that intra-molecular spin relaxation is occurring. We have measured the moments as a function of size and qualitatively as a function of temperature. The measured average moments are found to increase with increasing temperature and increasing size, and in all cases studied are found to be lower than the bulk value of 2.2 μ . We tentatively conclude than the spin relaxation process involves an exchange of angular momentum between the spin system and the rotation of the cluster.


pletely restored after 7 months. This recovery was later confirmed by chemical gustometry (Table 1). To our knowledge, this is the first case report of salt ageusia secondary to anti-TNF treatment. The re-challenge test with adalimumab, along with the time concordance between anti-TNF administration and salt ageusia, led us to conclude that the gustative disorder in this patient was secondary to anti-TNF treatment. Initial stages of chemical sensory transduction in the 5 taste categories (sweet, sour, salt, bitter, and umami or glutamate) took place in the receptors located on the apical surface of gustatory cells of the taste buds on the tongue. Transduction mechanisms are specific to each of the 5 tastes. Sodium salt transduction mechanisms, which elicit salt taste, are fluxed by Na+ ion channels expressed in taste receptor cells. Our hypothesis is that infliximab and adalimumab acted as salt transduction pathway blockers. Taste buds have the capacity to regenerate, with average physiological turnover of 10 days, thereby explaining why this taste disorder was slowly reversed after anti-TNF treatment withdrawal. Levels of infliximab and adalimumab were not measured, but we observed that recovery of salt taste was concomitant with recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease, probably reflecting the half-life of antiTNF. The hypothesis of a neurological cause, such as peripheral demyelination or axonal sensory polyneuropathy, as reported for other sensory systems, was rejected. Indeed, other tastes, transmitted through the same peripheral gustatory nerve fibers of the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerve, continued to be perceived. Furthermore, thresholds obtained using electrogustometry were bilaterally within the reference range for the various lingual areas innervated by these 2 nerves. We believe that anti-TNF drugs such as infliximab and adalimumab may interfere with the perception of salty taste. This side effect is reversible when treatment is stopped. This disorder can affect food behavior, hydromineral balance, and psychological status. The exact mechanisms underlying such taste dysregulation are unknown.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of leverage, profitability, firm size, capital structure, and dividend policy of the company on firm value. The company's value in this study is proxied by Price Book Value (PBV). Population of this research are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2017. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique and the total sampel of 69 companies for three years in accordance with the criteria. Analysis technique using classic assumption test and multiple regression analysis. Based on the research result in the regression model in mind a few things, as follow: (1) variable leverage has no effect on the value of the company, (2) variable profitability influence the value of the company, (3) variable size companies has no effect on the value of the company, (4) variable capital structure has no effect on the value of the company, (5) variable dividend policy has no effect on the value of the company Keyword: leverage, profitability, size of the company, capital structure, dividen policy, the company's value


To better study the mechanical behavior of red ceramic, the samples were degraded in salt spray equipment and exposed in environment. The salt spray equipment subjects the samples to conditions found by the sea, through the mix solutions of sodium chloride. The ceramic samples were prepared with up to 10% by mass of ornamental rock waste to dry and pressed into rectangular mold of steel. The materials were fired at temperatures of 650°C, 750°C and 850°C. After 90 days of degradation natural and 45 days in salt spray, ware analyzed the properties of ceramic material. The results of mechanical strength were compared using the Weibull distribution, before and after the degradation. Note that the material with ornamental rock waste raised the mechanical strength and didnt significantly changes the material properties after degradation.


With a numerical method, the discharging process within a container with a double complex cold surface has been scrutinized in this paper. The inherent process makes conduction as the main mechanism and the temperature equation includes three terms and two of them are time-dependent which was discretized by means of implicit technique. Adding nanoparticles within water can enhance the rate of heat release and concentration of powders and their shapes can affect the properties of nanomaterial. Single phases for estimating the features of nanomaterial were applied. The maximum period of process takes 326.95[Formula: see text]s which is 1.36 times lower than the case of pure water. Increasing the shape factor can enhance the speed of process and its impact is less than concentration of additives.


Surfactants are organic compounds which contain hydrophobic groups acting as tail and hydrophilic groups acting as head, thus they are solved hardly in water and organic solvents.Surfactants are able to change surface energy within levels considerably. Property of surfactant comes from its double molecular structure. It means that it contains two hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups at the same time. A novel type of surfactants known as bolaform is studied and synthesized in this study. Bolaforms have two polar head groups connected via a poly methylen chain. They are categorized into anionic, cationic and non ionic depending on the head group\'s charge. Micelle extraction of metallic ions, using as molecules sensitive to light and usage in synthesis of mesoporous silica structure for different applications such as in catalysts are among bolaforms\' applications. Structural formula of synthesized kinds with the same spacer and different heads is as follows. Bolaform A with structural formula of Br-(CH3)3N+(CH2)12 N+(CH3)Br – with side branches of methyl in head group and bolaform B with structural formula of Br-(CH3 CH2)3N+(CH2)12 N+(CH3 CH2)3Br – . IR and NMR identification techniques approves obtained product. Using surface tension measurement device it can be observed that synthesized bolaforms have suitable CMC (relatively low); in other words, bolaform\'s surfactants with long spacer have surface activity property.


The paper presents an analysis of the possibility of optimizing the drive of slat conveyors, which primarily refers to the choice of the drive chain and the number of drive units. The basic characteristics of slat conveyors, as a mean of continuous transport, procedures for calculating the basic parameters and the choice of basic elements of the conveyor are presented. Cases with one angular and combinations with several line drive units are considered. In order to observe influential parameters, variants with different route lengths and line weight of transported material were considered. At the end of the paper, the obtained results were analyzed and appropriate conclusions were made.


From a joint analysis of electrofission- and photofission-fragment angular distribution data for /sup 236/U and /sup 238/U, limits can be set on the uncertainties of the E2 virtual-photon spectra calculated in the distorted-wave Born approximation that are no larger than +- 20%.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of viral retinitis in patients with AIDS. Ganciclovir (GCV) has been widely used in the treatment of CMV retinitis. The GCV distribution in the vitreous is obviously influenced by the rate of elimination through the retina. The retinal permeability of GCV was calculated to be 9.25 x 10-5 cmls for both rabbit and human. The half-life of GCV in the vitreous was 6.8 hr and 13.2 hr for rabbit and human respectively. The difference of half-life between rabbit and human was only caused by the difference in the volume of vitreous humor. The numerical analyses provide a useful tool for identifying animal model and relevant parameter for developing drug delivery strategies to treat vitreoretinal diseases. INTRODUCTION Intravenous GCV is effective, but requires frequent and long-term intravenous dosing. Also, low permeability of the blood-retinal barrier may necessitate higher dosage during intravenous GCV administration to achieve therapeutic levels near the retina. The long term treatment and high dosage of GCV increases the risk of systemic adverse effects such as bone marrow suppression and neutropenia. To avoid the systemic adverse effect and overcome the blood-retinal barrier, intravitreal therapy such as intravitreal injection and controlled release implants are currently being used to treat CMV retinitis. The 50% effective dose (ED 50) of GCV for human CMV has a narrow concentration range (0.1-2.75 Ilg/ml). Therefore, to maximize the therapeutic benefits, it is critical to know GCV distribution within the eye following intravitreal administration. The GCV distribution in the vitreous is obviously influenced by the rate of elimination through the retina. In this study, retinal permeabilities and pharmacokinetics of GCVare evaluated in the rabbit and human eye. METHOD The model twelve-compartments of the eye are sclera, retinachoroid, vitreous, lens, posterior and anterior chamber, iris, Ciliary processes, hyaloid membrane, Schlemm's canal, cornea, and a drug' (2) Ophthalmology University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati,OH (4) Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati,


The gold standard for identifying causal relationships is a randomized controlled experiment. In many applications in the social sciences and medicine, the researcher does not control the assignment mechanism and instead may rely upon natural experiments, regression discontinuity designs, RCTs with attrition, or matching methods as a substitute to experimental randomization. The standard testable implication of random assignment is covariate balance between the treated and control units. Covariate balance is therefore commonly used to validate the claim of "as-if" random assignment. We develop a new nonparametric test of covariate balance. Our Classification Permutation Test (CPT) is based on a combination of classification methods (e.g. logistic regression or random forests) with Fisherian permutation inference. The CPT is guaranteed to have correct coverage and is consistent under weak assumptions on the chosen classifier. To illustrate the gains of using the CPT, we revisit four real data examples: Lyall (2009); Green and Winik (2010); Eggers and Hainmueller (2009); and Rouse (1995). Monte Carlo power simulations are used to compare the CPT to two existing nonparametric tests of equality of multivariate distributions.


A series of 3‐aryl‐2‐(2‐thienyl)acrylonitriles 7 and 3‐aryl‐2‐(3‐thienyl)acrylonitriles 8 were synthesized by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes 6 with 2‐ and 3‐thienylacetonitriles 4 and 5, and evaluated for antifungal and cytotoxic activities against a panel of opportunistic and pathogenic fungi and three different cancer cell lines, respectively.


Objective To investigate the relationship between anticardiolipin antibodies(ACA) and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION).Methods Serum ACA of 30 patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and 60 healthy persons were determined by ELISA. Results Positive rate of IgG-ACA was significantly higher in AION patients than the control(P0.05).Conclusion Positive ACA is closely related to the onset and development of AION.


The upper 293 cm of a 5.18 m long gravity core from the continental slope off Goa was analysed for organic carbon, coarse fraction, Globorotalia menardii abundance, oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of planktonic foraminifera, and clay mineralogy.


BACKGROUND
The human eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP), a 13.8 kilodalton cationic polypeptide constituting the core of the eosinophil granule, is cytotoxic to parasites and numerous mammalian cells. Concentrations of a molecule immunochemically similar to eosinophil granule MBP are present in maternal plasma, and MBP mRNA has been localized to placental X cells by in situ hybridization. Eosinophil granule MBP is initially translated as a nontoxic precursor (proMBP), containing a 9.9 kilodalton acidic pro-portion that is believed to neutralize MBP toxicity. Recent analyses of sera from pregnant women have revealed that pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), previously thought to be a homotetramer of PAPP-A subunits, is actually composed of PAPP-A subunits bound by disulfide bonds to equimolar amounts of proMBP molecules to form a complex, PAPP-A/proMBP. In addition, the PAPP-A subunit nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence have been determined from cloned cDNA. The PAPP-A monomer found in plasma contains 1547 amino acid residues.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Because of the new evidence that PAPP-A is complexed with proMBP, previous studies on the localization of PAPP-A using antibodies to PAPP-A must be questioned. To determine the localization of the PAPP-A subunit, immunofluorescence was performed on normal placental tissues using proMBP absorbed anti-PAPP-A antibody. Furthermore, the expression of PAPP-A mRNA was investigated by in situ hybridization.

RESULTS
Immunofluorescence staining with proMBP absorbed anti-PAPP-A antibody showed that PAPP-A is localized to placental septa, anchoring villi, and the syncytia of chorionic villi, whereas MBP is localized only to septa and anchoring villi. By in situ hybridization, PAPP-A mRNA is detected in placental X cells and syncytiotrophoblasts, but MBP mRNA is localized only to placental X cells.

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of PAPP-A mRNA and PAPP-A subunit protein in placental X cells and syncytiotrophoblasts indicates that both X cells and syncytiotrophoblasts synthesize the PAPP-A subunit, whereas only X cells synthesize proMBP.


There is no successful case of Osterberg-Cell method for testing the bearing capacity of steel pipe pile in our country and the relative research is not sufficient.According to the test we did in Malaysia,the Osterberg-Cell method for testing the bearing capacity of steel pipe pile was discussed in this paper through the comparison between the static load pile test and the Osterberg-Cell method pile test of steel pipe pile.


In this paper, we consider the interpretation of quantum mechanics based on the holographic principle. A simple analysis gives the following result. Particle energy is proportional to the density of holographic information in space. The particle momentum is proportional to the flow of holographic information. The density of holographic information reflects the wave properties of the particle.


Studies find that technological change has contributed to the decline in manufacturing and to persistent unemployment in many advanced economies. While process innovation can be job-destroying, product innovation can imply the emergence of new firms, new sectors, and thus new jobs. But even for process innovation, the final impact on labor demand is shaped by market mechanisms that can compensate for the direct job-destroying impact if market and institutional rigidities do not impede them. Policies should maximize the job-creation effect of product innovation and minimize the direct labor-saving impact of process innovation.


Background: To evaluate bone turnover in coronary artery disease patients by using biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption. Methods: As a cross-sectional study, bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin and crosslaps were measured in 44 angiographically documented coronary artery disease patients and 30 people with normal angiography invited to Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center. Results: Bone mineral density of femur was significantly lower in patient with coronary artery disease ( P = 0.04). Prevalence of femur osteoporosis in patients with coronary artery disease was 43.2% whereas 14.8% of people with normal angiography had femur osteoporosis ( P = 0.01, OR= 4.37; CI95%, 1.29-14, 77).Serum level of osteocalcin and crosslaps elevated significantly with increasing severity of coronary artery disease. A significantly positive correlation was found between coronary artery disease severity and serum level of osteocalcin ( P = 0.008, r= 0.320). Crosslaps also showed similar correlation with number of diseased vessels ( P = 0.02, r= 0.268). In multivariate analysis after adjustment of age, sex and BMI, severity of coronary artery disease was independently correlated with osteocalcin ( P = 0.006) and crosslaps ( P = 0.003). Conclusion: It seems that coronary artery disease and severity of atherosclerosis may be as a bone turnover predictor. Thus recommendation of Bone density and turnover evaluation to patients with a coronary event may be valuable for earlier diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis and fracture.


The invention discloses an evaporator frosting comprehensive judging method and relates to the technical field of evaporator frosting degree judgment. An ultrasonic transceiver is arranged above the surface of an evaporator, and the signals collected by the ultrasonic transceiver are sent to a controller to be processed. The specific computation method is as follows: before the surface of the evaporator frosts or at the end of the defrosting, the ultrasonic transceiver measures for one time, and the controller records the time from the moment when an ultrasonic wave beam is sent to the momentwhen the first reflection signal returned is received as t1; sampling is carried out once at a set time interval in the refrigerating process, and the time measured from the moment when the ultrasonic wave beam is sent to the moment when the signal returned is received at the nth time is recorded as tn; at this moment, the thickness of the frost on the evaporator surface is (t1-tn)*/V2; and when the thickness of the frost on the evaporator surface is measured to be more than or equal to the set reference defrosting thickness value, a defrosting device starts to defrost. The method has the advantages of improving judgment accuracy and refrigerating efficiency and saving energy.


Year 2009 is very unusual for Chinese rubber industry. In this year, rubber industry not only withstands the impact of the global financial crisis like other industries, but also stands up to the severe test of "tire special protection case". According to the China Rubber Industry Association (CRIA) predicts the total industrial output value in 2009 is slightly higher than in 2008, export delivery value is slightly lower than in 2008, but the profit and tax is higher than in 2008. This performance exceeds expectations. Mr. Fan Rende, the president of CRIA, points out on the 28th Secretary-General meeting: First, CRIA plays an important role in response to the crisis; Second, the new situation requires CRIA to further strengthen self -construction; Third, the work key point of rubber industry in 2010; Fourth, enhancing the quality of personnel and improving work efficiency.


This study provides a complement to the structural understandings of labor market polarization in South Korea by highlighting its policy-related aspects. It argues that there have been considerable policy failures by the Korean government, which have offset any possible positive effects of new redistributive and anti-poverty policy measures.


Lu Xun's poetry is often ignored. In reality, both his new and classic poemsare valuable in contemporary Chinese literature. This paper intends to discover humanism and the original motif in his poems in which Lu Xun tries to convey love and friendship, and with existential consciousness, he reveals his love for life, freedom and modern orientation.


This article examines the performance of a single-phase PWM inverter equipped with a PI and PID controller. The research aims to decrease Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in case of fixed and variable output voltages. To reduce THD, PI and PID controllers are used, which are tuned using PID tuner and Trial and Error methods, and the THD is measured using the Simulink powergui's FFT analysis tool. MATLAB Simulink is used for inverter modelling and simulation. For PI controller-based Inverter, the THD is 0.45% for fixed 400V output voltage and it is increased to 50.85% for rapidly changed output voltage. Furthermore, for PID controller-based Inverter, the THD is 0.01% for fixed 400V output voltage and it is increased to 52.41% for rapidly changed output voltage. So, PI controller-based inverter works better for rapidly changing output voltage, but the PID controller-based inverter performs better for fixed output voltage, according to the comparison analysis.


The concept of cubic m-polar fuzzy set (CmPFS) is a new approach to fuzzy modeling with multiple membership grades in terms of fuzzy intervals as well as multiple fuzzy numbers. We define some fundamental properties and operations of CmPFSs. We define the topological structure of CmPFSs and the idea of cubic m-polar fuzzy topology (CmPF topology) with P-order (R-order). We extend several concepts of crisp topology to CmPF topology, such as open sets, closed sets, subspaces and dense sets, as well as the interior, exterior, frontier, neighborhood, and basis of CmPF topology with P-order (R-order). A CmPF topology is a robust approach for modeling big data, data analysis, diagnosis, etc. An extension of the VIKOR method for multi-criteria group decision making with CmPF topology is designed. An application of the proposed method is presented for chronic kidney disease diagnosis and a comparative analysis of the proposed approach and existing approaches is also given.


The Schools founded by John Baptist de La Salle did not fit in the traditional schemes, because from the beginning acted without discrimination and with great openness in their programs. These schools were multiplied and, at the end of his life, De La Salle succeeded in founding 42, in which about 100 Brothers worked. In them were taught reading, writing, spelling, calculation, urbanity, catechesis… always offering a popular education, inspired by the teaching of the gospel, preparing to the students to meet the needs of life.
An article of analytical and historical character is presented. This type of inquiry offers the possibility of reconstructing the facts of the past in the most objective way and to the extent possible, using a documentary research design and proceeding to systematize the primary and secondary sources of both pedagogical scholars, lasallian style with the objective to identify other perspectives on the work, and the legacy of the founder to lasallian pedagogy and teaching. Specifically, it covers a historical period that goes from the S. VII until the thresholds on the XX century. The findings are coarse since John Baptist works in it and is very wide, both for his writings and for the pedagogic part, for example they find the fundamental aims in which his school was created for the poor like: a) The social insertion, b) The labour insertion and c) The training christens. With this it is achieved to create the most important Network of the epoch where the teachers were instructed for his educational practice. Being the charisma the most important value of a teacher.


This research was conducted in The National Research Institute of the Ecuador. The objective was to determine the presence of brucellosis in alpacas herds located in Huasillama using the Rose Bengal serological test. In this study was used previous Ecuadorian and abroad information from similar studies, which played an important role as an inquiry guide in order to discuss appropriately the required information with different contrasts. On the exploration field were obtained samples from 40 animals, from each animal was taken 5 ml of blood from the femoral vein and then the samples were analyzed with the agglutination method. The results after using the Rose Bengal serological test were 1 positive animal (+) and 39 negative (-). Through the calculation of the data was determined that as a 2.5% of the total camelids analyzed are infected. According to the obtained results and based on the current legislation law of Agroquality, Public Institution of Ecuador, it was proposed the implementation of a strategic plan in order to prevent and control this brucellosis through the application of vaccines in order to decrease the dissemination of this disease and improve public health.


Coupled Complex Ginzburg-Landau equations describe generic features of the dynamics of coupled fields when they are close to instabilities leading to nonlinear oscillations. We study numerically this equation set within a particular range of parameters, and find uniformly propagating localized objects behaving as coherent structures. Some of the localized objects found are interpreted in terms of exact analytical solutions.


This paper is the continuation of the work reported in an earlier white paper titled "Simulation of Rail Wheel Face Ultrasonic Testing using Phased Array Probe and DDF technique". The previous paper described CIVA simulation results of using Dynamic Depth Focusing (DDF) to detect 1mmFBH @ 5 mm deep in the material while simultaneously detecting defects through the thickness of the wheel face (approximately 138 mm in thickness). This paper continues the work by comparing the results of simulation with experimental results in the near surface region. Experimental Setup and Results The results of the simulation suggested that using an optimized probe in combination with DDF will increase the near surface detection and sizing capabilities of the probe through the thickness of the Rail wheel face. To experimentally verify these results, a wheel sample is cut and 1mm FBH defects with known depths are machined at various radial locations as shown in the picture below.


[1] In this study, the midlatitude cloud fields produced by a climate (GISS) and a weather (ECMWF) model are evaluated against satellite observations. Monthly ensembles of model cloud property distributions for the four seasons are compared with similar ensembles from satellite retrievals. The weather model is run in both forecast and "climate" mode in order to evaluate the importance of the exact representation of the atmospheric conditions in these ensemble comparisons. The weather and climate models are evaluated at different resolutions that cover the range used in today's climate and weather prediction simulations. Cloud property evaluations are separated into broadly defined dynamic regimes that cover the range of large-scale midlatitude motions. Quantitative evaluation tables are produced that rank the performance of the different model versions used in the study. The evaluation analysis reveals several common features between the two models. Those are the overestimation of cloud optical depth in all dynamic regimes, the underestimation of cloud cover in the large-scale descent regime and the underestimation of cloud top height in the large-scale descent regime. It is also shown that, in the radiative balance calculations, the models compensate for the overestimation of cloud optical depth through the underprediction of cloud cover. The comparison of the forecast and "climate" runs of the ECMWF model shows remarkably similar statistical properties of the clouds in the two runs. The analysis of runs with different resolutions reveals large improvement when going from a 4° × 5° 9-layer to a 2° × 2.5° 32-layer run with the GISS GCM, much of which is caused by the increase in vertical resolution. A comparison of a T42 and a T106 run of the same vertical resolution with the ECMWF GCM does not show considerable differences between the two model versions.


A three-phase transformer model for the calculation of electromagnetic transients for differential protection studies is presented. The ATP-EMTP was chosen as a computer tool for modeling the following situations: internal faults; transformer energization and removal of external faults. An application of the methodology is exemplified for a 138/13.8 kV-25 MVA transformer, where some transient results are presented.


On the basis of present knowledge, the critical infrastructure is a set of physical (technical and material), cyber and organizational subsystems of human system that are necessary for ensuring the protection of: human lives, health and security; property; human society welfare; environment; minimal functioning of economy and state administration. In these systems, the processes being under way make up the ground of dynamic development of both, the individual systems and the complexes. The paper is directed to critical infrastructure risk management. For improvement of critical infrastructure safety, it gives the basic principles for trade-off with risks that were derived at deep study of problems of technological facilities in practice.


Helminths and their products are considered to possess therapeutic capability to control or even prevent immune‐mediated diseases. Studies suggest that helminths induce a systemic immunomodulatory network, including regulatory T cells and anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), which might play a key role in the protection against the allergic phenotype. Thus, helminthic therapy is becoming of a major interest, and several researchers are enthusiastically tended to explore its role in allergic diseases.


In the current article there is observed a serious problem of the development of preeclampsia (PE) at a level of severity among women in Ukraine. It is disassembled in the description of the main theories of the development of PE: allergic, hormonal and renal. So that it can be instilled in some types of diseases and the theory of cortical-visceral ailments, which is leading on the pink modern data.The study of cephalic changes to the pathogenesis of PE made it possible to see and describe the peculiarities of the structure of the placenta's vessels with this pathology with an eye on the development of endothelial dysfunction; hormone-stimulating activity in the mother - placenta - fetus system. Statistically, persons are indicated in a hematoencephalic institution, they are seen in the organisms of fetuses from mothers from the stage of severity. All the above specialties are seen as far as the degree of severity of the PE. It has been shown that in fetuses from mothers and PEs in the later ontogeny, there may be a breakdown of the implementation and the main stages in the development of cells, uterus and uterine tubes. Moreover, there is a trend towards the development of the pathology of the organs of the statutory system in case of women, women of all types of mothers from the moderate and severe stage, as well as a great number of changes in the development of PE at a given birth.


Partitioning behaviors of Mn, Co and Ni between iron hydride and mantle minerals (olivine, pyroxene and magnesiowustite) under high pressure were experimentally investigated at 1400°C and 3-11GPa. The present experimental results showed that the siderophile nature of Co and Ni, and the lithophile nature of Mn decrease under high pressures: all the observed metal/mineral partition coefficients, K'=(Xi/XFe)metal/(Xi/ XFe)mineral, i=Mn, Co and Ni, approach 1 with increase in pressure. K' also depends on the composition of the mineral phase: K' decreases with an increase in MgO mol fraction. From these experimental results, it is expected that the observed upper mantle elemental abundance may be explained by the equilibrium between metal and silicates under extremely high pressure.


Siderurgical wastewater from steel industrial waste is considered as a high power pollutant due to its toxic and corrosive qualities. Toxicity in wastewaters from coke is due to high concentration of cyanides and heavy metals; the high acidity or basicity, given its corrosive features, is also a strong polluting factor. The aim of this study is determining the free cyanide concentration in samples from superficial water of the Paraguay River nearby a siderurgical plant. The colorimetric method pyridine and barbiturical acid was employed. Two samplings were made, in winter and spring (August and November 2011). The results were compared with the maximal permitted limits according to the US Environmental Protection Agengy (USEPA), as well as the limits defined by the Secretaria del Medio Ambiente de Paraguay (SEAM, resolution N° 222/02) which establishes the quality indexes of water in the Republic of Paraguay. The latter establishes a concentration of 0.20 mg CN - . L -1 as the top allowed value. We've found that stations E 4 and E 4 ' corresponding to the second sampling showed 0.81 y 2.0 mg CN - . L -1 as concentration values respectively, exceeding thus the accepted standard values as defined by the two organisms. However, the rest of the stations from both samplings showed values complying with the national and international norm.