In previous studies, carried out in humans, we showed that females are resistant to Leishmania mexicana infection. We also showed that 17β‐estradiol (E2) induces killing of parasites inside of murine macrophages. In this work, we compared, for the first time, L mexicana survival inside of male (male BMDM) and female (female BMDM) bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) treated in vitro with E2 or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We also compared their levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p70 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α). We found that female BMDM are a lot less susceptible to infection as compared with male BMDM. 17β‐estradiol induced killing of most parasites inside of female BMDM. Dihydrotestosterone, on the other hand, induced some parasite killing inside of some infected male BMDM. Interleukin‐6 levels were higher in female BMDM treated with either hormone. Neither TNF‐α nor IL‐10 levels showed significant differences compared with sham controls. Interestingly IL‐12p70 was more abundantly produced by sham female BMDM as compared with sham male BMDM. Only female BMDM treated with E2 trigger a robust IL‐12p70 production, but it was significantly reduced in male BMDM. This suggests IL‐12p70 is an important factor in female‐macrophage resistance to L mexicana parasites.


Mountains are among the most powerful natural gradients for testing ecological and evolutionary responses of biota to environmental influences because differences in climate and plant structure occur over short spatial scales. We describe the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and drives of fruit‐feeding butterfly diversity in the mountainous region of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seven elevations from 822 to 1,388 m a.s.l. were selected for evaluating the effects of abiotic factors and vegetation characteristics on butterfly diversity. A total of 44 fruit‐feeding butterfly species were recorded in a two‐year study. Species richness (local and regional) of fruit‐feeding butterflies decreased with increasing elevation. The interaction between temperature or humidity and precipitation influenced the abundance and β‐diversity of butterflies in the elevation gradient, whereas β‐diversity decreased with increasing plant richness. Butterfly richness (local and regional) and β‐diversity varied with the sampling period, with fewer species in July (2012 and 2013), the dry period, as expected for Neotropical insects. β‐Diversity in space and time was due to species replacement (turnover), indicating that butterfly composition differs throughout the mountain and over time. In summary, climate and plant richness largely influence butterfly diversity in the elevational gradient. Climatic changes in conjunction with increasing anthropic impacts on mountainous regions of southeast Brazil will likely influence the community of mountaintop butterflies in the Espinhaço Mountain Range.


The surface of polypropylene nonwoven fabric was modified by cold plasma treatment for battery separator, and the parameters of treatment were studied including the plasma power, plasma treating time and pressure. IR and SEM were used to characterize the surface properties of the modified samples. It was found that the alkali absorption velocity and quantity increased by acrylic acid plasma treatment, whereas the electrical resistance decreased. As a result, the performance of battery separator was improved greatly.


Many authors have suggested the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and inflammation through various mechanisms among which increased serum cytokines.30 newly diagnosed ADHD children, aged 6-12and of both sexes were collected from outpatient clinic, Psychiatry Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital and a matched control group of 30 children. They were subjected to Clinical assessment, Whechsler Intelligence Scale for children (WISC), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised & serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were determined. There was statistical significant difference between patient and control groups regarding MMP-2 level (648.50 ± 81.94 vs 344.13 ± 32.02), MMP-9 level (143.00±16.98 vs 102.90 ± 4.13) & TNF-α level (345 ± 7.1.vs 202 ± 22.3). Hyperactive/impulsive subtype represented 16(53.3%), Inattentive subtype represented 6(20%), Combined subtype represented 8(26.7%) of the ADHD group. MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α levels were all higher among the Hyperactive/impulsive subtype, followed by thecombined subtype then the Inattentive subtype with high statistical significant difference. A high statistical significant difference was found in all subscales of Conners' scale among the 3 subtypes of ADHD. A positive correlation was found between TNF-α level and age, whereas, a negative correlation exists between MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α level and IQ. In addition, correlation was found between MMP-2, MMP-9 levels and cognitive problems, TNF-α level and inattention.Our study illustrates the co-occurrence of inflammatory process and ADHD, but further studies on larger sample are needed.


© The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Synthetic colorants are commonly used in the cosmetics, textiles, and paper and food industry. The problem associated with the synthetic colorants is they are non-biodegradable and harmful in nature. Now there is an increase in demand towards the use of the natural colorants in market. Microorganisms, plants and animals produce various pigments as secondary metabolites. Thus various water and soil samples were collected from the different ecological niche i.e. extreme environment and polluted water. Total eighty five pigmented bacteria were isolated from different ecological niche. Pigment was extracted from pigmented bacteria using different solvent such as Methanol, Ethanol, Hexane and Chloroform. Absorption maxima pattern for extracted pigments was studied and thin layer chromatography of extracted pigment was performed using different solvent system, out of which Ethyl acetate: chloroform: Methanol (1:1) was found to give better separation of constituents. Antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH assay and pigment giving highest scavenging activity were selected for the further studies. Pigment having antioxidant property are useful for application in cosmetic industry.


Migration is a common phenomenon that everybody in the society contributed to its reduction; the government, the civil societies, the NGO's and the African writers. Migration can be seen as something that is becoming an overwhelming issue all over the world, as such writers in Africa in their literary works portrayed the effect of migration from Africa to Europe. African writers like Chika Unigwe (The Phoneix 2007, On Black Sister's Street 2010) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (Purple Hibiscus 2004, Half of a Yellow Sun 2006, The Thing Around Your Neck 2009, The Thing Around Your Neck 2013) showed how migration affected young Africans that travelled to Europe for survival. Hausa writers in their part contributed a quarter in their contemporary writings towards reducing migration and the effect it has in Africa especially route from Nigeria through Niger republic (Maradi, Zinder). Through a critical and stylistic analysis, this paper aims to show how Hausa writers portrayed stylistic and aesthetic handling of migration in their works that deals with the theme of migration from rural to urban areas or from within African countries and Africa to Europe. Theories and methodological framework of this research is on international migration theories and socio-criticism. The novels to be examine are Kowa Ya Bar Gida (Bambale, 1994) and Mace Mutum (Rahma Abdulmajid,2004).


Commercially available ELISA tests for detecting Phytophthora and Pythium species were used to detect propagules of these genera in water samples. Samples were filtered through 0.45-μm filters to concentrate propagules before extraction. Heating filter residues to 100 C for 5 min yielded extracts that were equal or superior in reactivity to those obtained by liquid nitrogen disruption. As few as 30-40 zoospore cysts were detected in filter pad extracts. Detection sensitivity (propagules per liter) depends on the volume of water that can be passed through the filters (.)


There are many papers that propose diagnosis and fault detection in hybrid electric vehicles. However just a few of them con-cern in short circuit fault. In HEVs battery is one of the most crucial pars and can failure because of the short circuit due to several causes. In this paper, Matlab/Simulink Environment based hybrid powertrain system modeling and simulation for Toy-ota Prius HEV including short circuit case in DC bus system that is developed under SimPowerSystems and Sim- Driveline toolboxes is proposed. This is a multi-domain system which is composed of control system, electric power subsystem, and driving force subsystem. As for the short circuit model, it is developed according to the data collected from investigation report of Prius fire forensics. This hybrid powertrain is of series-parallel type and in order to increase drivetrain efficiency and reduce air pollution, It has two kinds of motive power sources: Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Motor. This system has the advantage of high dynamic performance and low pollution at low speeds coming from internal combustion engine and the ad-vantage of no-pollution and high available power at low speeds coming from electric motor drive. We present the short circuit analysis in DC electric supply system of HEV. The effect of short circuit to the HEV performance is analyzed.


This paper presents preliminary findings of a largescale systematic comparison of various measures of pitch range for female speakers of Southern Standard British English (SSBE) and Northern Standard German (NSG). The purpose of the study as a whole is to develop the methodology to allow comparisons of pitch range across languages and regional accents, and to determine how they correlate with listeners' perceptual sensitivity to cross-language/accent differences. In this paper we report on how four measures of pitch range in read speech (text, sentences) compare across the two groups of female speakers. Preliminary results show that the measures of the difference between the 90 th and 10 th percentile (in semitones), and +/- 2 standard deviations around the mean in ST differentiate the groups of speakers in the direction predicted by the stereotypical beliefs described in the literature about German and English speakers. Furthermore, these differences are most obvious in the read text and longer sentences and the effect disappears in sentences of a short duration.


Future wireless and personal communication systems are expected to provide high quality service to a wide variety of users demands using the minimum possible resources, in terms of power consumption, bandwidth utilization and hardware complexity. The big challenge in designing the wireless communication system is the technique used to overcome the impairment caused by the unpredictability of the wireless channel itself. We know that most wireless channels are characterized as frequency selective fading (FSF) channels. And one of the effective techniques to mitigate major impairments in FSF channels is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( OFDM). This paper addresses the problem of the OFDM application in frequency selective fading for H.263 video codec transmission. A solution for channel estimation based on the transmission of a short training signal is adopted, and processing with a cross correlation algorithm is also devised. The simulation of the proposed technique is applied on seven QCIF sequences with different characteristics for several types of the wireless channel, namely: reference channel, AWGN channel, moderate FSF channel, and bad FSF channel.


Abstract Seed longevity is a complex process of key ecological and agronomic importance. DNA damage is a significant factor affecting seed ageing. Likewise, epigenetic changes can control gene expression and, therefore, seed response to ageing. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of ageing on nucleic acid stability and to identify reliable molecular markers that might help to monitor epigenetic changes within plant genetic resources during conservation. DNA profiles, evaluated by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), and methylation patterns, obtained by MSAP (methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism), were compared in non-aged and aged Mentha aquatica seeds and plants produced by them. Germination decreased to 50% by storing seeds at 35°C and 12% wc for 28 days. RAPD profiles were 99% similar in these aged seeds compared to non-aged seeds. However, seedlings produced from the aged seeds showed a 13% dissimilarity compared to seedlings produced from the non-aged seeds. About 8% difference in the MSAP epigenetic profile was detected in seeds after storage and 16% difference was detected in the seedlings produced from them. This indicates that stress from high temperature and humidity during storage induced changes on the methylation state of seeds, and that changes were also detectable in the regenerated plants. Our results suggest that DNA integrity was compromised in seeds during ageing, and on seedlings produced by aged seeds. Genotype screening techniques such as RAPD and MSAP have the potential as markers of nucleic acid stability during seed ageing.


Low cost, photographic process uses surface coating of nickel hypophosphite sensitive to X-rays and electron radiation. Exposed coated surface can be amplified to produce permanent visible image of wide tonal gradation in grays. Coating may be sodium, ammonium, or lithium hypophosphite or sodium phosphite, with nickel supplied in developer.


The influence of the transversal list angle on the hydrodynamic rolling moment of waves acting on the ship is investigated by using numerical computations. In the investigation not only the first order wave frequency excitations but also the second order slow oscillation moments are considered. The results show that the list angle may have significant effect on both the average moment and the slow oscillation part of the wave moments. The rolling motion of the ship under the action of a random wave train is calculated by Runge-Kutta integration. The final results are presented in the paper.


Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Political Film: The Dialectics of Third Cinema file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Political Film: The Dialectics of Third Cinema book. Happy reading Political Film: The Dialectics of Third Cinema Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Political Film: The Dialectics of Third Cinema at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Political Film: The Dialectics of Third Cinema.


them involving a number of related studies are now under way; they are described in detail in the annexes to this statement. These projects fall broadly into two categories : first, those concerned with operational analysis and evaluation of the activities of the United Nations and second, those concerned with problems of development and modernization, particularly as they relate to United Nations objectives and functions. In many of these projects, UNITAR is pioneering in new areas and with methods that have not yet been tried in the United Nations. In its organizational studies, it is seeking to apply some of the recently developed techniques and concepts of managerial science to the highly intricate structures and processes of the United Nations. In its field research, it is embarking on complex multinational studies involving systematic fact-finding and comparative analysis directed to obtaining new knowledge, rather than compiling or summarizing what is already known. These investigations each have a novel, and one might even say, an exciting quality. They involve an effort to break through to achieve new insights, facts and ideas and then to bring this knowledge to the service of interna-


Citation: Qiu Y, Shil PK, Zhu P, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator DIZE ameliorates endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:3809–3818. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.14-13883 PURPOSE. Uveitis is a common cause of vision loss. The renin angiotensin system (RAS), which plays a vital role in cardiovascular system, is a potent mediator of inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of uveitis. A newly identified axis of RAS, ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas, has emerged as a novel target because it counteracts the deleterious effect of angiotensin II. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous ACE2 activation in preventing endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in mice.


Background:
 Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are widely used in studies of developmental and regenerative biomedicine involving various cell types, including cardiomyocytes (CMs). Understanding the cellular and molecular processes during hiPSC-CM differentiation and maturation will be crucial to develop heart regeneration therapies. In addition, while bioengineered cellular cues have been shown to modulate cellular morphology and phenotypes, little is known regarding their effects on molecular and functional maturity of hiPSC-CMs.

 Aims:
 To determine the expression of cardiac and cell cycle genes and the electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-CMs during their differentiation and maturation on unpatterned (Flat) or isotropic/nanopatterned (Nano) cell culture surface.

 Methods and Results:
 Using small molecules, WTC-11 hiPSC were differentiated into CMs efficiently (92.5% TNNT2
 +
 ; 95% NKX2-5
 +
 ). The resultant hiPSC-CMs were re-plated in Flat or Nano surfaces and harvested at different time points. Cardiac genes
 Myh7, Tnnt2, Serca2a, Ryr2, Cacna1c
 , and
 Kcnj2
 gradually and significantly increased during differentiation; this was accompanied by reduced expression of cell cycle genes. While myofilament genes expressions were similar between Nano and Flat cultured hiPSC-CMs, ion channel genes
 Scn5a, Cacna1c
 , and
 Kcnj2
 were significantly higher in Nano group, suggesting that Nano cultured CMs were more matured. In addition, fewer hiPSC-CMs were proliferative (EdU
 +
 ) in 2-week Nano group compared to Flat group. This was associated with decreased expression of active cell cycle genes
 Ccne1, Cdk4, Cdk14, Ki67
 and
 Plk1
 in Nano 2-week CMs. Micro-electrode array (MEA) analysis demonstrated that Beat Period, Spike Amplitude, and Field Potential Duration were increased in the Nano group. Fluo-4 Ca
 2+
 imaging assay revealed improved Ca
 2+
 transition activities in isotropically cultured hiPSC-CMs.

 Conclusion:
 These results demonstrate a significant upregulation of cardiac genes along with a down-regulation of cell cycle genes during the differentiation and maturation of hiPSC-CM on Nano surfaces. Bioengineered nanotopographically patterned substrates promoted the maturation and electrophysiological functions of hiPSC-CMs.


Geriatrics-gerontology education and certification are key to providing the best care for older adults.Healthcare for many older adults means maintaining maximum independence, not just extending years of life. Healthcare professionals trained in gerontology can deliver such health services, but providing good healthcare for older adults is not the same as providing care for middle age and younger adults. The development of pediatric care systems and training came from the recognition that providing care for children is very different than providing care for adults. Similarly, providing care to older adults using the same approaches used to care for middle age or younger adults can lead to the wrong amount of care, in the wrong location, and to poor outcomes.Well-documented weaknesses in the healthcare system include an inadequate supply of professional workforce specialists in geriatrics or gerontology who can provide expert care and train other providers; limited training of all healthcare professionals in the best practices in care of older adults and chronic disease management; and, a shortage of well-trained direct care workers-nurse aides, home health aides, and personal care aides.Preparing the healthcare workforce to address the changing needs of a growing elder population is essential to ensure optimal quality care, especially for the frail elderly. Unfortunately, education in the health professions is slow to change. Clinician training in geriatrics or gerontology is not meeting the needs of aging adults. Despite some improvements, geriatric principles are still insufficiently represented in healthcare training curricula and clinical experiences focused on gerontology are not robust.Workforce training goals for an aging population are recruitment and training of geriatricsgerontology specialists to lead care programs and systems and education programs; and ensuring all health profession students and providers have the skills to provide older adults with evidence-based, individualized, and coordinated team-based care that prioritizes patients' goals, function, and quality of life (Aronson, 2015).The success of new financing models to fund care for older adults also depends upon creating a well-trained workforce. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is accelerating change, largely directed at improving quality and lowering cost, which places additional demands on an ill-prepared workforce. For example, the new Federal Coordinated Health Care Office, created to improve care coordination for dual eligible beneficiaries, created new Medicare-Medicaid integrated financing models to improve care coordination. To achieve improved patient outcomes will require effective team care and a workforce that is skilled in the care of frail older adults.In this article, we review some of the new initiatives to prepare the professional geriatric and gerontology workforces-strategies created in response to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, Retooling for an Aging America (IOM, 2008). We also review data on workforce preparation and progress made to educate all healthcare providers who may interact with aging adults. Finally, we propose policies that could accelerate the creation of a healthcare workforce that is prepared to provide the best possible healthcare to older Americans.Taking the Initiative:Responding to the IOMThe IOM report's pessimistic conclusions have encouraged a number of initiatives, led by private foundations, health professions societies, and the government. Although loosely coordinated and not yet sufficient, these activities are at least maintaining a focus on the challenges facing the healthcare workforce as the population ages. The Eldercare Workforce Alliance (EWA) is a group of thirty-one national organizations representing healthcare providers- physicians, nurses, direct care workers, psychologists, social workers, pharmacists, physical therapists, eldercare employers, consumers, and family caregivers-that work to address the immediate and future workforce crisis in caring for an aging America. …


In 2013 the IceCube collaboration reported the first detection of a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos. However their sources remain unknown. The fact that no distinct sources have been identified could be because there is a large population of weak sources, either steady or transient. The IceCube real-time program is motivated by the second possibility. Taking advantage of its continuous full-sky sensitivity, IceCube has established several alert channels in order to trigger observations from more sensitive instruments with smaller fields of view. A coincident observation of an enhanced electromagnetic flux or gravitational wave could provide strong evidence for a potential neutrino source. In this proceedings we discuss the technical aspects and science goals of the IceCube real-time alert program, concentrating on the channels most interesting for the gamma-ray community: the Gamma-ray Follow Up, Extremely High Energy and High Energy Starting Events. For completeness we also discuss the X-ray/Opti...


This paper deals with the tracking control of robot manipulators. Proposed is a class of new SM-NPID-like tracking controllers consisting of a linear combination of the linear sliding mode control, proportional control, derivative control, nonlinear control shaped by a nonlinear function of position errors, linear integral control driven by differential feedback, and nonlinear integral control driven by a nonlinear function of position errors. By using Lyapunov's direct method and LaSalle's invariance principle, the simple explicit conditions on the controller gains to ensure global asymptotic stability are provided. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that: i) the proposed controllers with the asymptotically stable integrator have the faster convergence, better flexibility and stronger robustness with respect to initial errors and uncertain payload; ii) the proposed control laws not only can achieve the asymptotically stable trajectory tracking control but also can make the tracking errors quickly tend to almost zero without oscillation as time increases.


This is the book for which dress historians, and indeed anyone interested in academic studies involving clothing, have been waiting; a book that is a cohesive exemplar of the richness and breadth o...


figure of the brocanteur (dealer in second-hand goods), and the copious reference to earlier French writers which make the narrator seem a latecomer. e repeated emphasis on urban topography, to how the Paris where the narrator seeks traces of Dora has been largely demolished and rebuilt, might also have merited attention. e chapter on Sefarad extends the study of lateness by arguing that the book's seventeen chapters devoted to exiles and victims of totalitarianism try to counteract Spain's supposed cultural lateness (i.e. the stasis of the Franco years) by reconnecting with wider European history. e best chapter deals in close detail with Austerlitz, showing that it is 'saturated with Romantic echoes' (p. ). e recovery of memory that Austerlitz experiences in Liverpool Street Station corresponds to the entry of many heroes of Romantic Kunstmärchen into another realm, and Austerlitz himself becomes a Romantic wanderer. is chapter is much the most convincing illustration of Ellison's thesis that melancholy lateness can generate renewal through 'reworkings of damaged or compromised literary forms' (p. ). ere are occasional mistakes: Serge Doubrovsky becomes 'Dubrovsky' (p. ), Raymond Klibansky becomes 'Libanksy' (p. ). More seriously, the incessant citation of authorities ('as Peter Fritzsche argues [. . .] as Jameson notes [. . .] [a]s Walter Moser argues', all p. ) makes for tiresome reading and implies that the author is himself an epigone, weighed down by authorities who require uncritical deference. Nevertheless, he has succeeded in saying something fresh about Sebald, no easy achievement, and has offered a general argument which others may fruitfully extend.


The use of synchronous scan excitation spectra (SSES) for investigating the fluorescence characteristics of the Sep-Pak extractable phytoplanktonic organic matter (SPE-POM) produced by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under (SPE-POM∗) and without (SPE-POM) metal stress is proposed. A Δλ of 70 nm was found suitable to detect the fluorophores occurring in such samples. A proteinaceous, lumichrome and lumiflavin contributions together with that of a degradation and/or condensation product were observed. The fluorescence quenching technique applied to SSES enabled detection of the contribution of each group of fluorophores to the copper complexation. The log K of complexes were in the range 5–6. A comparison with the Sep-Pak extractable marine organic matter (SPE-MOM) from seawater shows a relationship between the proteinaceous material produced by Phaeodactylum tricornutum and that occurring in seawater.


Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proven to be very effective in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) when compared with standard antibiotic therapy. However, given the lack of validated criteria, decision regarding number and timing of infusions is currently based on the clinician's experience, severity of infection, and clinical response. We performed a longitudinal assessment of fecal calprotectin concentration (FCC) in CDI patients undergoing FMT. FCCs were correlated with the need for multiple infusions and with the clinical status of the patient.


In recent years, due to an increasing overload of information on the Internet, there are many scenarios where Recommender Systems (RSs) are employed to provide suggestions to user groups. However, most proposed approaches of group recommendations simply aggregate individual ratings or individual prediction results, rather than comprehensively investigating the hidden correlative information between members and the group, which results in inferior recommendation performance. In this paper, we propose a new approach, RWR-UTM, for group recommendations based on the combination of an integrated probabilistic topic model - a User Topic Model (UTM) and the Random Walk with Restart (RWR) method. The UTM provides a latent framework of users, groups, and items by exploiting both the users' preference profiles and the items' content information, which together can describe group interests and item features in a more complete manner. This latent framework is then combined with RWR to predict the preference degrees of groups to unrated items by detecting comprehensive latent relationships. In particular, we devised two group-based recommendation algorithms on the basis of different recommendation strategies. Finally, we conducted experiments to evaluate our approach and compare it with other state-of-the-art approaches using the real-world CAMRa2011 data-set. The results demonstrate the advantage of our approach over comparative ones.


The uranium adsorbing abilities of various biopigments were investigated. Extremely high adsorption capacities for uranium were found in melanin and bioflavonols (quercetin and morin) having chelating positions with uranium. As a step towards improving the adsorption characteristics of the bioflavonols, quercetin and morin were immobilized on both Bemberg rayon fiber and polyaminostyrene, and the basic features of uranium adsorption by the immobilized bioflavonols were studied. The bioflavonols immobilized on Bemberg rayon fiber have a highly selective capacity adsorb uranium. Uranium recovery from seawater by the immobilized bioflavonols was markedly affected by the pH value of the seawater, and the uptake at pH 8, which is the pH value of natural seawater, was difficult. However, this adsorbent can accumulate large amounts of uranium from non-saline water. Thus it can be used to remove and recover uranium from uranium refining waste water and other waste sources.


Research objectives: To evaluate the long-term effect on mortality of a home-based intervention for older people. To determine if survivorship differs according to risk of mortality measured at study commencement. Design: Two-group randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing a home-based intervention group with a no intervention control group. Allocation to groups was concealed. Intention-to-treat analysis, participant and assessor blinding not reported in the study but confirmed with first author (personal communication). Setting: Homes of older people living in urban communities in the United States. Participants: Three hundred and nineteen participants randomised to intervention (n = 160) or control groups (n = 159). To be included participants had to be aged 70 years and older, have a score >23 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), not be receiving home care and having difficulties with at least one activities of daily living (ADL) or two instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Intervention: Intervention group participants received a home-based programme over a one-year period. The first six months consisted of five contacts with an occupational therapist (OT; four 90-minute visits and one brief telephone contact) and one 90-minute contact with a physiotherapist (PT). The second six months (maintenance phase) consisted of three brief telephone calls from the OT and a final home visit. Individualised strategies developed in consultation with each participant focussed on home modifications, home safety, task performance and balance and strengthening exercises. Control group participants received no intervention during the trial period. Outcome measures: Mortality rates for both groups were measured at two, three and four years after study entry and according to initial level of mortality risk (measured out to two years only). Mortality risk was calculated using a prognostic index (range: 1–15) and categorised according to low (score of 1–5), moderate (score of 6–9) or high (score of ‡ 10) risk of mortality. Results: Groups were comparable at baseline for age, race, gender, living arrangements, level of education, MMSE score, number of health conditions and functional measures. Long-term mortality outcome data were available for all study participants. Mortality rates were significantly lower at two years for the intervention group compared with the control group (5.6% (9 ⁄ 160) and 13.2% (21 ⁄ 159), respectively, P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in mortality rates between groups at three or four years. Mortality rates were significantly lower at two years in the intervention group compared with the control group for those with a moderate mortality risk (3.1% (3 ⁄ 96) and 14.1% (24 ⁄ 85), respectively, P = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences between groups at two years for those with a low or high mortality risk. Authors' conclusions: The intervention maintained statistically significant differences in mortality for two years and could be a low-cost clinical tool to delay functional decline and mortality. Contact details for original authors: Email: laura.gitlin@ jefferson.edu Meryl Lovarini CAPs Advisory Board Member E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective . To assess and compare the impact of physical training (PT) on functional and hemodynamic characteristics in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) depending on continuous inotropic support. Design and methods . Prospective randomized study included 120 men aged 18–65, admitted to the Almazov National Medical Research Center (St Petersburg, Russia) from 2014 to 2019 due to decompensated CHF of III–IV functional class (FC), with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 30 %; blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90/60 mmHg (with or without inotropic therapy). Patients receiving dopamine or dobutamine for ≥ 2 weeks were randomized into two groups: group 1 participated in program of physical training (PPT), and group 2 did not participate in PPT. Patients of group 3 had CHF of III–IV class without inotropic therapy and participated in PPT. Initially, all groups were comparable by clinical, functional and hemodynamic parameters. The follow-up lasted 6 months. During months 3 and 6, hemodynamic parameters — BP and heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) at rest and peak of exercise, echocardiographic and central hemodynamics at rest, parameters at rest, number of arrhythmias were evaluated. Results . Patients of group 1, after 3 and 6 months, showed no increase in systolic (BPs) and mean BP (BPm) at peak of exercise, in contrast to patients of group 3 who demonstrated a significant increase in BPs (p ≤ 0,002) and BPm (p ≤ 0,005) after 3 months, and BPs (p ≤ 0,001) and BPm (p ≤ 0,002) after 6 months. By 6-month follow-up, intergroup analysis did not show significant changes in HR, LVEF, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume and pulmonary pressure. Initially, ECG monitoring showed a higher number of unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) in group 1 compared with group 3 (p = 0,01), after 3 and 6 months in all groups the number of VT was comparable. During 6 months, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks were compared in all groups: 2 per group (5 %). Conclusions . "Inotrope-dependent" survivors with CHF at peak of exercise did not significantly increase BPs and BPm in contrast to "inotrope-independent" patients. Individually developed aerobic PPT of low and intermediate intensity in "inotrope-dependent" survivors did not influence negatively on echocardiographic parameters, parameters of hemodynamics at rest and during the peak of exercise, did not increase mortality and number of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and ICD shocks.


STUDY DESIGN
A case report of cervical osteomyelitis possibly associated with a Zenker's diverticulum perforation.

OBJECTIVES
To present clinical, radiologic, and surgical findings of a cervical osteomyelitis due to a Zenker's diverticulum perforation.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
A 56-year-old patient was in an intensive care unit for a severe head injury. He was fed via a nasogastric tube. Four months later he developed a pyogenic cervical vertebral infection.

METHODS
Plain films and magnetic resonance imaging showed a diffuse cervical osteomyelitis. Investigation of his dysphagia revealed a Zenker's diverticulum.

RESULTS
After administration of antibiotics and surgical treatment of the diverticulum, the cervical infection resolved. Plain films and magnetic resonance imaging showed healing with vertebral fusion.

CONCLUSIONS
Cervical osteomyelitis is uncommon. Only one case of direct contamination leading to cervical vertebral osteomyelitis after esophageal perforation has been previously described. Direct contamination of the prevertebral soft tissues by bacteria traveling through the fistula may have occurred. The development of vertebral osteomyelitis in this case is consistent with the hypothesis of direct contamination. Management relies on appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical management of the diverticulum. The association of Zenker's diverticulum with vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis is a unique, previously undescribed situation.


The writings and life of French sex radical, René Guyon (1876–1963), offer a fascinating opportunity to examine together western European sexological thought, human rights movements, and imperial privilege in Asia. As one of France's early promoters of sexual rights as a human right, Guyon revealed himself to be a radical advocate for sexual liberation from what he called the 'hideous bondage of conventional "sexual morality"' in Europe and America. From his residence in Siam, Guyon penned his magnum opus, Etudes d'éthiques sexueles, a series of nine volumes that he wrote between 1929 and 1944 in which he promoted all consensual sexual acts, regardless of one's sex, age or race, within 'ethical limitations.' His law background earned him a high position in the Ministry of Justice in Siam, where he worked as a legal reformer and judge from 1908 until 1963. His 50-plus years of experience in Siam and sexual adventures in other non-western countries served as an unacknowledged springboard for his views and provided him invaluable credentials in the eyes of his western sexologist peers. I examine the relationships among his excoriation of western sexual mores, his concept of a sexual utopia, and his life experiences in Africa, Asia and other non-western areas of the world. An examination of the life of one of France's first promoters of sexual rights reveals the fissures within nascent human rights movements in Europe and reflects on the implications of his peculiar defense of the non-western countries where he worked.


Lab-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the sorption behavior of naphthalene by anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic sludge. The sorption behavior of naphthalene by different kinds of sludge fitted with several sorption isotherm model well. The maximum sorption capacity of naphthalene sorbed to anaerobic sludge was the largest among the three kinds of sludge.


In Development 137, 3965-3971, Tbc1d10c immunofluorescence labelling of keratinocytes in touch domes of mouse skin was shown in Fig. 1B-D,H,L (p. 3967). Subsequently, the authors have found that the Tbc1d10c antibody used in this study appears to be labelling keratinocytes non-specifically by cross-reacting with another antigen. The labelling of touch dome cells with the marker CD200 remains valid (Fig. 1).


abstract
Forest patrols require great physical strength, so they are often viewed as men's work. But, in Nehas Lian Bing Village, the Wehea Dayak Tribe is doing equality to protect the Wehea Forest, East Kutai, East Kalimantan. Petkuq Mehuey means a group of forest rangers in the Dayak Wehea language, a tribal responsibility for the forest where they live, which happens to be included in the protected forest area of Wehea. According to the local wisdom of Dayak Wehea, protecting the forest is protecting future generations as well as protecting their lives, this is a shared responsibility, men and women. This article will be descriptive with case study designs whose data will be obtained from various internet sources such as journal articles, news, and webinars related to forest protection by the Wehea community and gender equality in the value of Petkuq Mehuey. This paper will discuss Petkuq Mehuey is a form of gender equality in the Wehea Dayak community related to maintaining the sustainability of their customary forest. Petkuq Mehuey, which is a product of the local wisdom of the Dayak Wehea, is one of the efforts of indigenous peoples together with the government to protect the largest protected forest in Kalimantan.
Keywords: Petkuq Muhuey, local wisdom, gender equality, forest protection.


The future belongs to smart cities, smart homes and smart things - today the overwhelming majority of experts and specialists have no doubts about this. No matter how smart modern technologies are, they are all dependent on their power supply system, because electricity is their power source, without which functioning of most smart technologies is physically impossible. In addition, electrical energy, like any product, has certain indicators of its quality, at a low value of which various problems arise, both for the electricity consumers and the suppliers. The study aims to summarize the current state of power quality (PQ) in the field of smart energy management, providing insight into the ways in which current barriers can be overcome. We give a discussion to present a vision for future smart cities in term of PQ monitoring and management. In order to attract attention to problems of low power quality the research focus is made on the aspects of smart city's electricity consumption. This review looks at the current developments in the smart cities energy infrastructure, focusing on techniques in the main application areas along with relevant power quality examples, while highlighting some of the key challenges currently faced and outlining future pathways. A field testing results are also provided to illustrate the current situation in main linefeeds objects of smart city as an example, and PQ control and monitoring system requirements are formulated.


Background and Objective: Some freshwater snails are intermediate hosts of human and animal parasitic flukes. These snails are considered as the first and often the second intermediate hosts of parasitic trematode larvae. Therefore, survey of the important epidemiologic indexes related to snails fauna makes it possible to gain information about the sources of infection. The aim of current study was to survey of population changes and cercarial infection of Lymnaea spp. and determine involved factors in Miyandoab region. Materials and Methods: Generally, 5 various and perennial habitats of snails were monitored from May to November in 2010. Snails sampling was undertaken by searching each site using a standard method. After transferring and identifying the collected snails, all of them were individually placed into petridishes in order to investigate their cercarial infection by traditional cercarial shedding method. Snails which did not shed cercariae for the first time, were re-examined som other time and cercariae were finally characterized. Results : Totally, 514 dextral Lymnaea spp. were collected and identified. The highest percentage belonged to the L. stagnalis (63.62%), followed by L. gedrosiana (26.26%) and L. auricularia (10.12%). The overall infection rate was 2.12%. The infections were only observed in L. auricularia with furcocercariae (19.23%) and L. gedrosiana with echinostom cercariae (0.74%). Conclusion : In comparison whit previous study, the major habitats of snails had been dried so as a result, diversity, abundance, distribution and consequently the fauna of lymnaea spp. have been undergone a lot of substantial changes. So, it should be paid essential attention to this adverse occurrence at least with a view to prevent the likely extinction of these aquatic animals.


The public generally perceives hazardous waste operations as having potentially serious health and environmental impacts. Thus, citizens often organize grass roots'' groups to collect, evaluate and disseminate information related to proposed hazardous waste operations. Once such operations have begun or been approved, affected communities also may form citizen advisory committees (CACs) to perform oversight functions and act as a liaison between site or facility operators and citizens. Because the public frequently has little or no technical expertise to evaluate hazardous waste operations, technical advisers occasionally are selected to assist CACs in their evaluations. The Center for Hazardous Materials Research (CHMR) has participated as technical adviser to several CACs. The CHMR staff includes environmental engineers and scientists, field technicians, environmental auditors and site assessors, and experts in pollution prevention, health and safety, permitting, compliance, and remedial design.


Synthesis of 2,2'-disubstitued 6,6'-diphenyl-4,4-bipyrimidines (bpm) and their reactivity towards oxidation and bromination is investigated. Preparation of a pentadentate ligand by a template reaction from 2-bromomethyl-4,4'-bipyrimidine unit is reported


We have designed and realised a fully integrated microfluidic measurement system for real-time determination of both flow rate and composition of gas- and liquid mixtures. The system comprises relative permittivity sensors, pressure sensors, a Coriolis flow and density sensor, a thermal flow sensor and a thermal conductivity sensor. The composition of the mixture can be calculated from the physical properties - density, viscosity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and relative permittivity - as measured by the integrated sensors in the system.


Background: The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as the triad of liver disease, arterial deoxygenation, and pulmonary vascular dilatation. The reported prevalence of HPS in cirrhotic patients varies between 4% and 19%, and various threshold values defining arterial deoxygenation have been used and recommended previously. However, it is not known how the prevalence of HPS differs using different cut off values for arterial deoxygenation. Methods: We studied 127 patients for the presence of HPS using transthoracic contrast echocardiography for detection of pulmonary vasodilation, pulmonary function tests, and blood gas analysis. Results: Ninety eight patients were included in the study, of whom 33 (34%) had a positive contrast echocardiography. Using an increased alveolar-arterial difference for the partial pressure of oxygen (AaDO2) as an indication of hypoxaemia, the prevalence of HPS was considerably higher (>15 mm Hg, 32%; >20 mm Hg, 31%; and >age related threshold, 28%) than using reduced partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) as a threshold (<80 mm Hg, 19%; <70 mm Hg, 15%; and <age related threshold, 15%). For AaDO2 as the cut off, the positive predictive value for a diagnosis of HPS was low (34%, 37%, and 53%, respectively). In contrast, PaO2 as a cut off had considerably higher positive predictive values (44%, 93%, and 94%, respectively). Introducing PaO2 <65 mm Hg as the cut off, the positive predictive value increased to 100%. Dyspnoea was more often present in patients with "clinically significant" HPS (57%) compared with "subclinical HPS" (8%), and patients without HPS (6%). The Child-Pugh score correlated significantly with the severity of HPS. Two of five liver transplanted patients with "subclinical HPS" had embolic brain infarcts, possibly induced by venous emboli passing through dilated intrapulmonary vessels. Conclusions: Defining arterial hypoxaemia in HPS by different, previously used, cut off values for arterial oxygenation leads to a wide variation in the prevalence of HPS in the same sample of cirrhotic patients.


Learning outcomes
After a thorough analysis of the case, students will be able to do the following: understand the building blocks of incentive structure in an organizational setting. Review the existing incentive structure at WINFORT. Develop effective incentive approaches to motivate employees at workplace. Illustrate the importance of performance management review to motivate employees.

Case overview/synopsis
The case explores the motivational state of a talent acquisition executive or talent scout working for a staffing firm, WINFORT Services in New Delhi, India. The two main characters in the cast are Helena Stacy, the Lead Talent Scout at WINFORT and Sofia Williams, the Talent scout. There was a meeting conducted between Helena and Sofia regarding the latter's performance review held annually. However, to Sofia's surprise, she could to get any salary hike this time as she failed to achieve her given targets. This led to a serious altercation between the two and resulted in Sofia started thinking of looking for alternate job opportunities.

Complexity academic level
The case is suitable for any postgraduate course, in particular MBA or MBA executive development program on human resource management, talent management, compensation and benefits, and as a module on motivation in organizational behavior.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.

Supplementary materials
In addition, there are more resources available to augment the understanding of the business operations of staffing firms in India. Interested instructors and students are advised to go through these resources to better understand the routine operations of a staffing organization. https://talentcorner.in/how-recruitment-industry-generates-wealth/ https://wowidea.in/how-recruitment-agencies-in-india-works/ https://www.michaelpage.be/about-us/our-recruitment-process?fbclid=iwar0ftzztbzm5afvdwv_oyvp1f1p8zgpuflrbt8z6yg9zakm5c0kaoaom6ha


The advent of more portable and affordable sensing devices has facilitated the study of rehabilitation robotics. Critical to the further development of therapies and interventions are low-cost, easy-to-use devices that can be applied in clinical and home care settings. In this paper, we present a low-cost motion capture system that relies on the opensource Player/Stage software development environment, and can be used in conjunction with a socially assistive robotic agent (or a computer interface) for various types of motor task rehabilitation training. We describe the hardware and software development for the device, and the activity recognition algorithm we developed to capture the relevant motion data. We present the overall framework in which this system can be adapted to other motor task-based rehabilitation regimens. Finally, we present initial experimental data in the domain of gait rehabilitation, in which we use the system to estimate cadence, walking speed, and stride length.


The essay discusses and compares some major trends in the case law of the Italian and Hungarian constitutional courts concerningthe constitutionality of electoral laws. Comparative analysis of these two cases should allow the development of a general conceptual framework for studying the possible role of constitutional courts in this peculiar area of the constitutional order. In so doing, it makes some general points on the growing involvement of constitutional courts in this area of the constitutional order and the related challenges.
Keywords: Constitutional Adjudication; Constitutional Reasoning; Electoral Laws; Italy; Hungary.


The NuSTEC workshop held at L'Aquila in October 2018 was devoted to neutrino nucleus scattering in the kinematic region where hadronic systems with invariant masses above the ∆(1232) resonance are produced: the so-called shallow- GENIE uses a mixed treatment for the SIS kinematical region. Ingredients include a resonance model (either Rein-Sehgal or Berger-Sehgal) which has many resonances and a full model by Bodek and Yang. The resonant models apply to W up to about 2.3 GeV; the Bodek-Yang model was designed to average over resonances and can be used down to πN threshold. In v2 and earlier, there is a cutoff of W = 1 . 7 GeV. Above that cutoff, the Bodek-Yang model is used for the full response. Below that cutoff, the Bodek-Yang result is scaled to match the deuterium pion production data when added to the resonant cross section. The resonance masses and widths are regularly updated to match PDG recommendations; this method produces good agreement with data. This presentation describes the impact of shallow (SIS) and deep (DIS) inelastic neutrino scattering on measurements from the NOvA Neutrino Experiment and future efforts from NOvA to measure interactions in this region. NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment which uses the Fermilab NuMI beam to expose a pair (near and far) of active tracking calorimeters to muon-neutrinos and measure electron-neutrino appearance and muon-neutrino disappearance. The neutrino spectrum at NOvA peaks at 2 GeV with the bulk of the exposure ranging from 1-3 GeV with a non-negligible higher energy tail. NOvA uses the large sample of neutrino interactions in the detector to tune a interaction model using for use in and additional NOvAs an by making the following changes to the base model: and percent DIS GeV antineutri-nos), MEC events these modifications NOvA near detector data the disagreement DIS and RES the disagreement to determine.Systematics fits normalization systematics 50% for 1 and 2 pion final states in events W < 1.7 GeV. apply final states number of pions. of up a W of 3 GeV discontinuity of 50% GeV > GeV


As global warming,more extreme events occurs than before,once it occurs,and it causes serious influence,so it become more and more important to research meteorology disaster,it not only can help us know disaster,conduct disaster forecast and loss assessment,but also it benefit for solving problems for government.Using a hydrological model named floodarea with a module for simulation.Based on land-use,runoff coefficient value,roughness value of Yangzhi ditch,the paper researched the results of simulated data of runoff depth and cumulative precipitation.It revealed the relation and calculate critical rainfalls triggering mudflow in different water-level using floodarea model.The results showed that:1)The trend of precipitation and temperature is-0.02,0.032 ℃/a in 5year moving average,respectively.2)The relationship of data-fitting depth and accumulative precipitation in six hours is better than other period of time in Yangzhi ditch.3)Based on fitting results,the paper put forward the risk precipitation in different grades at the warning spots.


The thermal decomposition stability of a series of cephalosporins was examined by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) technique. The Kissinger's and Ozawa's equations were employed for the determination of kinetic parameters of the first step of thermal decomposition of cephalosporins. The results were in good agreement. The thermal stability decreased in the order: cephalexincephradine sodiumcephoperazone sodiumcefamandole nafate sodiumcephaloridine (δ-form) ceftizoxime sodiumceftriaxone sodiumcefsulodineceftazidimecephalothin sodiumcefotaxime sodiumcefazoline sodium.Because of the absence of melting processes, it is impossible to evaluate calorimetrically the purity of the antibiotics examined. Nevertheless, the peak temperature of the first step of thermal decomposition may be useful in identifying and characterizing the compounds.


Russia's aviation authority reports that the volume of airline traffic has risen from the previous year for the first time in over a decade. Revenues are also rising. Safety continues to be satisfactory after an overhaul and FAA audit in 2000. But the fleet largely fails to meet noise standards for Western Europe and other regions with strict regulations. Without new sources of financing, it will be difficult to bring it into compliance.


Communication technologies provide powerful impact for the development of the media. Ease presented by social media available, able to eliminate distance and time available. Considering how the development of Indonesian youth become young entrepreneurs, the brand owner should go the extra mile to attract the attention of consumers in Indonesia. Sales promotion is one type of communication that is often used by marketers. As one element of the promotional mix, sales promotion is the most important element in product promotion activities. One company that uses Instagram as a medium to inform all forms of promotion of the services offered is Grow Up. Grow Up is one of the companies engaged in social media Instagram. Objective this study to determine the dimensions of Empathy, persuation, Impact and Communication conducted Grow Up in marketing communications (advertising) through @explorebandung Instagram account. This study using the EPIC model where the model is developed by AC Nielsen.The method used in this research is the method of quantitative descriptive study aimed to describe the phenomena that exist, which takes place in the present or the past. Descriptive research can describe a situation, but it could also describe the state of the stages of development. In this study, respondents are 100 followers Instagram account @explorebandung selected by simple random sampling method with the provision that Instagram users active at least three times a day using Instagram app, Instagram users active to follow instagram @explorebandung, Instagram users aged at least -Lack of 16 years and followers who saw the posting advertisements at least 3 times the post in the form of advertising products in @explorebandung Instagram account. The results of this study stated that the dimension Empathy, persuation, Impact and Communication found on instagram account @explorebandung rated excellent by the respondent.


A necessity of the compatible Scale for the assessment of the patient's general status is proved. An importance of its implementation into routine clinical practice from the angle of forensic examination is confirmed too.


Ge weight doping percentage by 1% antimony (Ge:Sb) films have been deposited by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrate at room temperature under vacuum of 10 -5 mbar with rate of deposition near to 10A/sec. These films of different thickness (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) µm have been annealed at different temperatures T a (373, 473)K, to study the effect of thickness and annealing temperature on the electrical properties. These properties include the (DC, AC) conductivity from which the transport mechanism of the charge carriers can be estimated, and also the Hall Effect which gives information about the type, density and mobility of carriers.


Salmonella infections are a leading cause of bacterial food-borne illness worldwide. Infections are highly associated with the consumption of contaminated food, and in particular, chicken meat. Understanding how management practices and environmental factors influence Salmonella populations in broiler chicken production may aid in reducing the risk of food-borne illness in humans. Utilizing whole genome sequencing with antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance, virulence factor and plasmid identification, we have characterized the genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica isolates (n = 55) obtained from broiler chicken litter. S. enterica isolates were recovered from the litter of broiler chickens over three consecutive flocks in four broiler houses on a single integrated farm in Georgia, USA. The chickens were raised under a newly adopted "No Antibiotics Ever" program and copper sulfate was administered via drinking water. In-silico serovar prediction identified three S. enterica serovars: Enteritidis (n = 12), Kentucky (n = 40) and Senftenberg (n = 3). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that only one S. Kentucky isolate was resistant to streptomycin, while the remaining isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Metal resistance operons, including copper and silver, were identified chromosomally and on plasmids in serovar Senftenberg and Kentucky isolates, respectively. Serovar Kentucky isolates harboring metal resistance operons were the only Salmonella isolates recovered from the litter of third flock cohort. These results suggest the addition of copper sulfate to drinking water may have selected for S. Kentucky isolates harboring plasmid-borne copper resistance genes and may explain their persistence in litter from flock to flock. Importance Salmonella foodborne illnesses are the leading cause of hospitalizations and deaths, resulting in a high economic burden on the healthcare system. Globally, chicken meat is one of the highest consumed meats and is a predominant source of foodborne illness. The severity of Salmonella infections depends on the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors. While there are many studies which have investigated Salmonella strains isolated from post-harvest chicken samples, there is a gap in our understanding of the prevalence and persistence of Salmonella in pre-harvest and in particular their makeup of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors and metal resistance genes. The objective of this study was to determine how on-farm management practices and environmental factors influence Salmonella persistence, as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors they harbor. In this study we demonstrate that broiler chickens raised without antibiotics are less likely to harbor antibiotic resistance, however the practice of adding acidified copper sulfate to drinking water may select for strains carrying metal resistant genes.


Background: The screening program Life Fear-Free (LFF) aimed at early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) was introduced in Samara, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, and Krasnodar (Russia) in 2019. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the program on early CM and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) detection. Methods: According to the social educational campaign, people were informed about CM risk factors and symptoms and were invited for skin examination. The program planned to involve 3200 participants in total. Participants with suspicious lesions were invited for excisional biopsy. Results: 3143 participants, including 75.4% women, were examined for skin lesions. The average age of the participants was 43.7 years. Mostly skin phototypes II and III were registered (48.2% and 41.0%, respectively); 3 patients had CM, 15 had basal cell carcinoma, and 1 had Bowen's disease, which were confirmed histologically. All detected melanomas had Breslow's thickness of 1 mm. Conclusion: The participants showed high interest in early skin cancer detection programs. The incidence rate of CM and NMSCs among the program participants was higher than in general public. The early disease grade was proven for the detected CMs and NMSCs. The study has shown that it is important to continue such programs.


There has been limited research regarding teachers' opinions about their involvement in school decision making. A critical step missing in the research is the development of instruments to assess teachers' perceptions of their actual and desired levels of involvement. With the wide spread use of site-based management, shared decision making, participatory management and teacher empowerment, it is important to study teachers' involvement.


This paper reviews the test cases employed by several investigators in the development of two- and three-dimensional finite difference and finite element hydrodynamic and transport models. Test cases for which analytical solutions are available are compiled. The hydrodynamic cases considered include periodic forcing, dynamic equilibrium (wind stress), and sloshing. The transport cases encompass rotation and translation of arbitrary distributions with and without diffusion. In order to further aid in model development, several experimental results are presented for tidal phenomena, temperature, channel bending, and sediment transport.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor component for mounting, a mounting structure and a mounting method is provided to increase the contact strength between components to be mounted and a printed circuit board and to provide a sufficient margin to wire pitch among terminals. CONSTITUTION: A component for mounting has area terminals(7) on a substrate(6). The area terminals (7) consists of area terminals(7b) arranged at the outer circumference of the substrate and area terminals(7a) arranged at the inner circumference of the substrate(6). The area terminals(7b) on the outer circumference are arranged in a larger pitch than the area terminals(7a) on the inner circumference. The area terminals(7) are arranged in a flip chip bump array and arranged on a chip size package interposer substrate(6).


This study examines the use of INDEST E-resources by satisfaction, Importance, reading Electronic version usage and reading print version usage by IIT faculty. It also highlights the testing of Analysis of Variance with Basic Advantages, Disadvantages, Augmented Purpose, Availability and Accessibility, Limitation of Accessing, Strength in Accessing, Expected Facilitation, Core Purpose, Value Addition with Satisfaction, Importance and Reading pattern wise using INDEST E-Resources by faculty of top seven IITs. The Core purpose (Teaching and Research) and 'Satisfaction' has a Pearson correlation value of .397 and the Significance value is 0.0, hence the correlation is significant at 1% level of significance.


* Mr. Joschka Philipps is currently finishing his MA studies of Political Science, Sociology and Psychology at the University of Freiburg, Germany. He has been an intern at Search for Common Ground in Guinea from June 2009 through August 2009 and has since published several articles on the political situation in Guinea and its urban youth. This paper is a summary of his seven-week long research in Conakry, Guinea on the political situation of poor urban youth. Contact: email@example.com ° Mr. Thomas Grovogui is an artist, event manager, president of a youth association (gang) and expert of Conakry's urban youth. Strongly involved in Conakry's urban scene for more than 15 years, Mr. Grovogui has been the main informant for this paper and has organized the majority of over 80 interviews with young Conakryans and various experts on Conakry's youth.


Primary care physicians (PCPs) are in the greatest demand by hospitals, medical groups, and other healthcare organizations seeking to fill staffing needs, a new survey indicates.


Based on wheeled mobile robot's kinematics' model, through designing the complex tracking error variables, a global asymptotically stable controller is designed via Lyapunov direct method. Using this control method, the reference trajectory is accurately tracked. Meanwhile, stability of the rule is proved through the use of Lyapunov stability theorem. Simulation results indicate that the methodology can make the trajectory tracking error convergence quickly and guarantee the trajectory tracking effect greatly. Moreover, the close-loop system has great dynamic characteristics and global stability. The proposed method can apply to the global trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robot.


We examine the extent to which changes in the accounting for discontinued operations affects the usefulness of disaggregated income components in predicting an entity's future continuing income. Our study is motivated by the joint FASB/IASB convergence project which seeks to define the scope of transactions reported in discontinued operations. To examine our question, we compare the properties of continuing income and discontinued operations reported under SFAS 144 and APB 30, where APB 30 closely parallels IFRS 5. We find that the broader scope of the rule under SFAS 144 results in more persistent continuing income among firms reporting discontinued operations, and that this is concentrated among single-segment firms, which previously were less likely to fall within the scope of APB 30. Because we find no evidence of increased opportunism, we conclude that the broader scope of the rule results in a finer partitioning of recurring and nonrecurring income. Overall, our results support the broader scope of discontinued operations.


Cattleya was one of the most popular orchids by Indonesian. Constraints in cultivating Cattleya included the lack of water availability in an area, causing drought stress. Stress in drought in vitro can be simulated by adding Poly Ethylene Glycol 6000 and growth regulators in atonic form. The purpose was to determine the effect of atonic solution and PEG 6000 on the stomata index toward in vitro drought stress conditions. This study was carried out in a 3 x 3 factorial experiment. Factor A was an atonic solution with 3 concentration levels: 0 mL/L, 2 mL/L, and 3 mL/L. Factor B is PEG 6000 with 3 concentration levels: 0% b/v, 20% b/v, 25% b/v. The results showed that the higher the concentration of PEG 6000 and atonic concentrations caused a decrease in the stomata index of Cattleya orchid plantlets under drought stress conditions in vitro.


Abstract There is a sizable amount of research and explanation concerning the rapid and sustainable development of newly industrialised countries (NIC) in Asia. This article seeks to create a deeper understanding of the relationships between the governmental sector, the economic sector, and the social sector in the Asian political arena. As such, it will explain how policies pursued in selected countries could have impacted the economies of the so-called 'tiger' or 'dragon' countries. In addition, the study will show how governmental efficacy is connected with socioeconomic development by means of comparing, as exemplars, South Korea and Singapore, in the period 1960–2007. The investigated period experienced heightened socioeconomic development in South Korea and Singapore. Stressing the historical evolution of socioeconomic development, the researcher accordingly focused on social, political, and economic outcomes in their relationship with the factor of macroeconomic stability and the varying amounts of foreign direct investment in the two nations. This study looks to create a deeper understanding of the role of government efficacy and socioeconomic development in an Asian context in which government efficacy and political development and institutions have played important roles in creating stable and continuous social and economic development. This idea of government efficacy and political development has helped to strengthen the capacity of governments to adapt and adjust their political agency's capability to achieve political goals and sustainable socioeconomic development. South Korea has created institutions that are simpler than complex organisations and may lack autonomy and coherence. In contrast, Singapore has created complex and autonomous institutions with strong coherence. The findings in the outcomes section explain the different historical developments of South Korea and Singapore.


Cordyceps militaris has similar chemical composition, nutrition value, and medicinal functions as Cordyceps sinensis. However, its main medical composition such as cordycepin is much higher than that of the wild C. sinensis species. In addition, it is easier to cultivate artificially than C. sinensis. Thus, C. militaris is chosen as the best substitution for C. sinensis. This paper introduces the pharmacological effects of C. militaris and the effect of selenium on human body. It also summarizes ways of improving the content of selenium in artificially cultivated C. militaris and the optimal conditions for its cultivation. Low concentration of selenium in the medium can stimulate the growth of C. militaris mycelium. However, selenium of high concentration in the medium prevents its growth and decreases the conversion efficiency from inorganic to organic selenium.


ABSTRACT Effect of cation substitution on the structural, electrical and magnetic properties in an electron-doped perovskite manganites viz. La0.90Zr0.10MnO3 (Zr10) and La0.90Te0.10MnO3 (Te10) prepared by solid-state reaction is reported herein. XRD indicates that both samples are polycrystalline with rhombohedral crystal structure. The strong absorption in FTIR spectra at ∼615 cm−1 was of Mn-O bond, which gets slightly shifted due to different ionic radii of cations. A large resistivity with a slight increase in transition temperature in the case of Te10 than Zr10 indicates that the 'Te' doping stabilizes the ground state of double-exchange mechanism between the eg levels and t2g levels.


Abstract Metal mepirizole perchlorates, M(C11H14N4O2)3 (C104)2 where M = Co(II) and Ni(II) have been investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. Unit cell dimensions were determined by indexing programs from diffractometer data. Refined cell parameters (monoclinic with a C-centered cell), calculated density and Z values are presented.


Chapter 8 of China's 1997 new criminal law provides the crime of corruption(i.e. embezzlement and bribe-taking).But the crime did not exist in the past law system and its concept and legislation have undergone a changing process in the development of China's law system. The article explores the historical origin of the crime and its change of legislation. On the basis of summarizing others' experience of fighting corruption, the author raises a proposal of better fighting corruption in the new era of socialist construction.


The invention discloses a three-dimensional code mark and a realizing method of the three-dimensional code mark. The three-dimensional code mark comprises a data layer and a reflection layer from top to bottom, the data layer is provided through concave points and non-concave points to express the information of the mark, and the reflection layer is used for reflecting light beams illuminates through the through concave points. Therefore, a three-dimensional code can be marked in a three-dimensional space, and a large capacity of information is borne.


The early coal-bearing strata of the late Permian mainly occur in the lower Yangtze stratigraphic division and Jiangnan stratigraphic division of the Yangtze Stratigraphy in southern Anhui Province.Based on lithology,lithofacies paleogeographic distribution and biological appearances,the lower Yangtze stratigraphic division can be further divided into the Chaohu-Anqing and Sosong-Fanchang subs,and the Jiangnan stratigraphic division into Guangde-Xiuning sub.In the past,the early coal-bearing strata of the late Permian in abovementioned three subs were all called the Longtan Formation in the coal geology circle,while the sandy shale member of the lower Longtan Formation was removed from the formation and called Yanqiao Formation or Yinping Formation in the geological and mineral exploration circle in our province.This paper,based on multiple stratigraphic division rule,tends to put the set of coal-bearing clastic rock strata(including Yinping/Yanqiao Formation) from the Chaohu-Anqing and Guangde-Xiuning subs together and name it Longtan Formation,leaving the Susong-Fanchang sub to be called Wujiaping Formation.


##Statement of the problem Dental anxiety is common and its impact can be profound. Dental professionals may lack training and confidence to support patients with dental anxiety. In 2017, an educational intervention was provided to dental care professionals designed to improve participants' management of adults and children with dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of the intervention on participants' confidence in managing patients with varying levels of dental anxiety. ##Methods Dentists and dental care professionals were invited to participate in a bespoke training day on dental anxiety management. Self-administered questionnaires were completed immediately before and immediately after the educational intervention. Respondents scored their level of confidence in managing patients who are anxious about dental treatment before and after training using a visual analogue scale. Differences were tested using Student's t-test. ##Results Fifty-seven participants responded (RR=73.1%). Participants were predominantly female (n=52, 91.8%) and reported seeing a median of 12, 10 and two patients with mild, moderate and severe dental anxiety, respectively, per week. Paired data were available for 40 participants regarding mildly and moderately anxious patients, and for 39 respondents for severely anxious patients. Mean confidence scores increased from pre to post training, increasing by 9.1%, 11.9% and 25.1% for management of patients with mild, moderate and severe dental anxiety, respectively (p<0.01). ##Conclusions Training was effective in improving confidence among dental professionals regarding the treatment of patients with mild, moderate and severe dental anxiety. Participants highlighted barriers to oral healthcare for patients with dental anxiety.


This paper focused on the role conflicts owing to the multiple identity of roles and professional limitations in the dispute processing personnel,analyzed the probability in the medical processes and results,appeal of the patients and pattern of medical dispute processing,and made the conclusion that the medical dispute processing personnel is volunteers promoting social harmony and a practitioner of new medical model from the social perspective and should carry forward the dedication,fraternity,mutual assistance and progressive spirit,the concept of the biological- psychology- social medical model to analyze the loss of patients in dispute and appeal,truly safeguard the health rights and interests of patients,and give some advices to perfect the role ethics dispute processing.


Abstract In this paper, we prove that all finite groups having at most three strongly monolithic characters are solvable. We also give some criteria for nilpotency of finite groups by their strongly monolithic characters. Finally, we classify all finite groups whose nonlinear irreducible characters are monolithic, exactly two of which are strongly monolithic.


Accurate numerical modeling for SOI devices of technical interest has always been challenging concerning the accuracy of the physical models as well as concerning the convergence properties of the numerical algorithms. For partially depleted devices the most important underlying reason is the necessity of a precise modeling of low impact ionization and diffusion currents in order to get reasonable results for the kink effect and noise. On the other hand in fully depleted devices the DIBL effect at smaller channel lengths can only be sufficiently suppressed using thin Silicon films. Therefore a precise modeling of size quantization based on


Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a challenging task which retrieves the similar images from the large database. Most of the CBIR system uses the low-level features such as colour, texture and shape to extract the features from the images. In Recent years the Interest points are used to extract the most similar images with different view point and different transformations. In this paper the SURF is combined with the colour feature to improve the retrieval accuracy. SURF is fast and robust interest points detector/descriptor which is used in many computer vision applications. To improve the performance of the system the SURF is combined with Colour Moments since SURF works only on gray scale images. The KD-tree with the Best Bin First (BBF) search algorithm is to index and match the similarity between the features of the images. Finally, Voting Scheme algorithm is used to rank and retrieve the matched images from the database.


His first motor adjustments are formed in response to his mother's care, and in endeavoring to manipulate playthings and food. With these he feels an intimacy gained chiefly through tactual and muscular adjustment. Mother is to him a presence which in its movements and touch calls from him those bodily attitudes and feelings which harmonize with his need of loving, protecting care. The ball is more a thing which his fingers curve around, which yields to pressure, which causes his eyes to move up and down as it bounces, or to follow as it rolls, than an objective thing of color or mass. Thus it happens that, as the ever-varying elements of his environment continually assail him through his senses, he tends to react to all of these through his few acquired motor adjustments. He gathers into a class or concept many things which upon closer relationship he finds call from him motor attitudes different from those through which he felt he understood them. The apple is a ball until his active acquaintance with it calls into being new sensations, new motor adjustments. The child's first words, therefore, stand for vague concepts, but later, as he discovers that all the elements of his concept do not assimilate with his motor attitude, that the apple does not bounce when thrown on the floor, that it is not forthcoming in its fragrant sweetness when called for as ball, but that it calls forth from him new activities, his ideas of identity tend to become corrected, and objects possessing for him more of individuality detach themselves from his first concept. Through new motor adjustments he discriminates more and more clearly,


Computer simulated and measured trajectories of a scaled blade, as detached from a wind turbine, have been compared for a model-blade (0.6 m long), released from a custom-made blade-throwing machine. The simulations are based on a wing strip theory, using static airfoil data in combination with a dynamic stall model. The measured movement of the detached model-blade was found to be in good agreement with the simulations, although throwing distances in most cases tend to be longer in the simulations than in the experiments. The dynamic stall model mainly affects the 'throwing width' parallel to the wind direction and has only a negligible affect on the absolute throwing distance.


Mouthwash is one of the most convenient and effective method employed for dental plaque management. The aim of the undertaken study was to establish the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) based mouthwash on microbial flora from dental plaque and also check cytotoxicity of mouthwash formulation. Five main colonizers of dental plaque representing dental microflora and three different bacterial species mainly responsible for the formation of biofilm were selected in this study. LGEO based mouthwash was developed and its stability was also determined. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of LGEO based mouthwash has been evaluated against the representative dental microflora as per CLSI guidelines. Cytotoxicity of mouthwash was checked by globally used MTT assay employing NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. The mouthwash has been found to exhibit the stability in its major component, citral and also found exhibit antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against dental microflora. No cytotoxic effect was observed on mouse fibroblast cell line. LGEO in formulated mouthwash being a natural, herbal material isolated from traditional medicinal plants appears as a good and effective substitute to control the microflora linked with dental plaque.


ANOVA is widely used for measurement system analysis. It assumes that the measurement error is normally distributed, which may not be seen in certain industrial cases. In this study, the exact and bootstrap confidence intervals for precision-to-tolerance ratio (PTR) are obtained for the cases where the measurement errors are normally and non-normally distributed and the reproducibility variation can be ignored. Lognormal and gamma distributions are considered for non-normal measurement errors. It is assumed that the quality characteristics have the same distributions of the measurement errors. Three different bootstrap methods of SB (Standard Bootstrap), PB (Percentile Bootstrap), and BCPB (Biased-Corrected Percentile Bootstrap) are used to obtain bootstrap confidence intervals for PTR. Based on a coverage proportion of PTR, a comparative study of exact and bootstrap methods is performed. Simulation results show that, for non-normal measurement error cases, the bootstrap methods of SB and BCPB are superior to the exact one.


The diagnosis of schizophrenia is presently based on the phenomena of the disease—that is the delusions, hallucinations and thought disorder. These phenomena however may be common to many diseases. It is suggested that very often diseases within the body may be causative of the psychiatric symptoms and that these causes should be sought in every individual case.


At the prerequite of knowing ability,Locke believe people can recognize material world.Finally,he made empirical epistemology theorization and systematism.Beginning from the empirical principle,Hume didn't admit any objective out range of empiricism,his viewpoint was idealism agnosticism.However Kant's philosophy about person's cognitive ability was inclined to mentalism and agnosticism,it was a dualism.On the basis of inheritting and critizing,their philosophy had characteristic and reflected social reality and generate profound influence.


Taking the urban residents in Anshan as subjects,this paper employs the method of questionnaire,interview and data-analysis to make a survey on the current situation of urban residents' sports participation in Anshan and then makes a data-analysis,therefore,draws a conclusion as that urban residents in Anshan are lack of sense of body-building;they are in need of stadiums and body-building directors.The effective way to solve the problem is to enlarge the amount of body-building directors,to build much more stadiums,to improve it's popularity,to increase the residents' awareness and to hold sports competition for the residents.


Alcohol consumption permeates humanity in an extremely important way. During pregnancy, drinking alcohol exposes the fetus to profound risks. As a result, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (APS) affects the fetal central nervous system, which is usually born with low weight, short stature and microcephaly. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence that points to Nursing Care for children with APS and their family, as well as the possibilities for identification, prevention and treatment. Methodology: This is an Integrative Literature Review with a qualitative approach and descriptive content. The Virtual Health Library was used in June-July 2020, in which it was possible to take advantage of the integration of different databases from the descriptors Pregnant Women, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Nursing and Child Development through the AND connective. At the end of the selection, disposal and reading processes, 7 works were selected. Results: The use of alcohol in the prenatal and postnatal periods results in perceptions and behavior on the part of pregnant women and nurses. Although several problems accompany this complex syndrome, it was identified that the Nursing Process can assist children and their families in different aspects of care in the face of APS. Conclusion: There is a gap between the professional nurse and the pregnant woman. Now because there is no sharing of doubts about alcoholism and its difficult identification, now because there is little interest in enhancing strategic knowledge to deal with situations. Such factors have little influence on the harmful effects of alcohol on the body.


A newsboy problem with resalable returns is analyzed in this paper.A single order is placed before the selling season starts.Purchased products may be returned by the customer for a full refund within a certain time interval.Returned products are resalable,provided they arrive back before the end of the season and are undamaged.Products remaining at the end of the season are salvaged.All demands not met directly are lost.A simple closedform equation is obtained,which determines the optimal order quantity given the demand distribution,the probability that a sold product is returned and all relevant revenues and costs.The use with real data from a large catalogue/internet mail order retailer is illustrated.


In spite of its different cantonal jurisdictions and traditions, the development of religious education in Switzerland over the past decade has taken a common direction: the state has assumed a more active role in the field of religious education in public (state-run) schools. In this article, we ask the question: How do key social actors interpret these reforms and how do these interpretations relate to the social structure of religion in Switzerland, in particular with respect to the majority category of the so-called distanced Christians? Drawing on qualitative interviews with members of the schools' teaching staff, school administrators, and church representatives, the article highlights a dominant interpretative pattern that frames the socially accepted representation of religion in public schools. Thus, rather than addressing the pedagogical dimension of religious education, we discuss the significance of this pattern for the debate on the public presence of religion in Switzerland and Europe.


A method and an apparatus for generating a disparity map from a stereo image, a stereo matching method therefor, and an apparatus therefor are provided to embody a stereo matching simply about the stereo image. The first and the second edge extractors(100,102) extract respective edge images from images forming a stereo image. An edge stereo matcher(104) searches an edge mask matched with an edge shape in a window about a reference edge pixel among edge masks designated to correspond to predetermined edge shapes capable of being indicated in the window of a uniform size centering around the reference edge pixel among edge pixels of the reference edge image among the edge images. The edge stereo matcher(104) searches an edge pixel located in the center of a window having an edge shape matched with the searched edge mask among edge pixels of a search edge image among the edge images as a correspondence edge pixel corresponding to a corresponding point for the reference edge pixel. The reference edge pixel is an edge pixel for currently searching the correspondence edge pixel in the search edge image among the edge pixels of the reference edge image.


In web/strip processing lines, a popular control practice is to use torque/current regulators to set web/strip tension. In other applications such as automotive test stands, a fast responsive torque regulator is required. This paper provides guidelines for the useful interpretation of AC/DC torque/current performance specifications in these applications, from a drive system's application perspective. I. INTRODUCTION As noted in (3) the technical climate in today's drive systems business markets has been inundated by drive vendor claims of ever improving drive performance specifications. The objective of this report is to bring those performance specifications that apply to torque/current regulation into technical focus, and provide the reader with a basis for correctly interpreting them from a SYSTEMS /APPLICATIONS perspective. Future papers will address performance issues associated with "cascaded" and "parallel", position and tension regulation schemes. Part I (3) dealt with speed regulation issues. It is hoped that the reader will walk away from this presentation with the tools required to sift through a given drive's performance specifications, and glean from them those points that are truly of importance to the application in question.


Many clinical and epidemiological studies have certified that hyperlipoidemia(especially the low density lipoprotein cholesterol)is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease(CHD),and lipid lowering therapy could reduce mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease significantly.However,the relation between plasma triglyceride and cardiovascular disease is still uncertain.We made a review about the relation of triglyceride and CHD,in order to supply some suggestions on the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in CHD patients.


that clinicians will shortly begin to use closefitting masks and demand-valves rather than the present method of continuous flow through an ill-fitting mask. The former method is so much more efficient in raising alveolar oxygen percentage that those responsible for the patients must expect many more cases of both acute and chronic oxygen poisoning than have appeared to date. Clinical complications: Certain clinical conditions, such as respiratory failure with carbon dioxide retention, may possibly involve risks of their own with respect to high pressure oxygen therapy. I am not competent to discuss these nor such conditions as retrolental fibroplasia. One condition, which has been well observed experimentally, does not yet seem to have made its appearance clinically and may well be of interest to clinicians: Rahn & Dale (1952) showed that atelectasis distal to a bronchiolar blockage takes place sixty times faster when breathing oxygen. At the very least, the possibility of post-operative pulmonary atelectasis would seem to be enhanced by high pressure oxygen and will have to be watched for carefully as methods of administering oxygen to patients become more efficient.


Does authentic personhood exist independently, or is it necessarily tied to contingent cultural arrangements and historical change? This review essay considers 5 recent books in history, psychology, and law that address this question. They also treat development, gender, subjectivity, therapeutic expertise, family welfare policy, and how and why children turn out as they do. These important topics in the history of modern American psychology are equally central to scholarship on childhood and the cultural history of personhood. The books under review (in order of consideration) are the following: J. J. Brumberg, The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls; H. Cravens, Before Head Start: The Iowa Station and America's Children; K. W. Jones, Taming the Troublesome Child: American Families, Child Guidance, and the Limits of Psychiatric Authority; J. R. Harris, The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do; and E. Bartholet, Nobody's Children: Abuse and Neglect, Foster Drift, and the Adoption Alternative.


Summary Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are widely used in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Their efficacy and safety depend on individual time in the therapeutic range (iTTR). Due to the variable dose-response relationship within patients, also patients with initially stable VKA treatment may develop extreme overanticoagulation (EO). EO is associated with an immediate bleeding risk, but it is unknown whether VKA treatment will subsequently restabilise. We evaluated long-term quality of VKA treatment and clinical outcome after EO. EO was defined as international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 8.0 and/or unscheduled vitamin K supplementation. We included a consecutive cohort of initially stable atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism patients. In EO patients, the 90 days pre- and post-period were compared. In addition, patients with EO were compared with patients without EO using a matched 1:2 cohort. Of 14,777 initially stable patients, 800 patients developed EO. The pre-period was characterised by frequent overanticoagulation, and half of EO patients had an inadequate iTTR (< 65 %). After EO, underanticoagulation became more prevalent. Although the mean time between INR-measurements decreased from 18.6 to 13.2 days, after EO inadequate iTTR became more frequent (62 %), p-value < 0.001. A 2.3 times (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.0–2.5) higher risk for iTTR< 65 % after EO, was accompanied by increased risk of bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1;CI 1.4–3.2), VKA-related death 17.0 (HR 17.0;CI 2.1–138) and thrombosis (HR 5.7;CI 1.5–22.2), compared to the 1600 controls. In conclusion, patients continuing VKA after EO have long-lasting inferior quality of VKA treatment despite intensified INR-monitoring, and an increased risk of bleeding, thrombosis and VKA-related death. Note: There have been no previous presentations, reports or publications of the complete data that appear in the article. Parts of the data in this article have been presented as a poster at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) congress 2013, New Orleans, United States.