ABSTRACT
This studypaimsptopdeterminepthe appropriate dosepand time ofxadministration ofxTrichoderma sp to control Fusarium oxysporum disease in shallot plants. Thepresearch waspconductedpfrompSeptemberp2020ptoxDecemberx2020 in Karangasem Hamlet, Guli Village, Nogosari District, Boyolali Regency. Thispstudypusedpapfactorialpcompletely randomizedpdesign (RAL) methodpwhich consisted ofp2pfactors. Thepfirst treatmentpfactor was thepdose ofpTrichoderma sp (D) which consisted of 3 g, 5g, 7g and the time of administration (T) which was one week before planting, during planting and a week after planting. Parameterspobservedpwerepnumberpof leaves, number ofptubers, weightpof fresh stover, weight of dry stover and intensity of disease attack. The results showed that the treatment with the best Trichoderma sp (D) dose was obtained in the D3 treatment with a dose of 7 grams / liter of solution had a very significant effect on the number of leaves, fresh stover, dry stover, intensity of disease attack and not significantly different on the number of tubers. The best time treatment  for giving Trichoderma sp (T) was obtained in T1 treatment, namely the time of administration one week before planting had a significant effect on the number of leaves, fresh stover, and was not significantly different on the number of tubers, dry stover, intensity of disease attack. Meanwhile, the best combination of dosage and time of administration of Trichoderma sp was obtained in the (D3T1) treatment, namely the administration of a dose of 7 grams / liter of solution and the time of administration one week before planting had a significant effect on dry stover and had no significant effect on other parameters.

Keywords : Trichoderma sp, fusarium oxysporum, shallot.


The Obama Administration is positioned to make a major impact on the status of women in other countries, including those in the Muslim World. Four of the most pressing issues facing these women are violence, lack of access to education, lack of economic empowerment, and lack of involvement in the political process. Authors Adrien Wing and Peter Nadimi address these issues directly and advocate for the Obama Administration to assist Muslim women through the promotion of international law and U.S. foreign policy. This Article begins with a discussion of the role of international law in the Obama Administration's foreign policy toward the Muslim world. The Article then focuses on the rights of Muslim women in Palestine and Afghanistan. The authors then make a series of recommendations on how the Obama Administration can improve women's rights in the Muslim World. Specifically, the authors advocate foreign policy recommendations that will socially, economically, and politically empower women. The Article recommends increasing access to, and improving the quality of, education for women in Muslim-majority countries. The authors also emphasize the need to empower women economically by integrating them into the workforce and in the political process. The Authors comment that in implementing this agenda, the United States must be very careful not to appear as an imperialist nation attempting to implement Western "feminist" ideals or as favoring women over men.


Abstract : The current National Warning System has neither the organization nor the analytical cohesion to perform effectively the vital function of providing timely and accurate strategic warning to the NCA. In order to correct this critical deficiency, the Intelligence Community must make three basic changes. First, the Community should create a National Warning Center under the direction of the National Intelligence Officer for Warning. The Center should be manned by experienced senior warning analysts from the three national agencies: the CIA, the DIA, and the NSA. Second, the Community should adopt and expand a standard warning analytical methodology based on the DOD warning system. Third, the Community should establish a training program and communications procedures which will integrate all intelligence analysts into the strategic warning process.


Based on the methods of literature,video observation and logical analysis,compare and analyze the data of the Chinese men's basketball team in the 25th Asian men's basketball championships to find out the causes of lost for Chinese men's basketball team and the existing key problems,and put forward the feasible suggestions for the development of Chinese men's basketball team in future.


The use of a Frisch grid ion chamber and a 100-channel analyzer is described for identification and estimation of long-lived a-contamination in environmental samples. The preparation techniques are described for air, water and vegetation samples. Typical pulseheight graphs are presented €or air and vegetation samples.


Brown rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia melanocephala, poses an increasing threat to sugarcane industries worldwide. Recently, markers R12H16 and 9020-F4 were developed for a major resistance gene Bru1 that contributes to a significant proportion of brown rust resistance in multiple sugarcane industries. Marker-assisted screening of Louisiana sugarcane germplasm showed a low frequency (4.3%, five out of 117 clones) of Bru1 among sugarcane cultivars and elite breeding clones. Likewise, among progeny of crosses involving wild/exotic germplasm, only 14 of 208 clones (6.7%) tested Bru1 positive. However, Bru1 frequency was higher (28.7%, 52 of 181 clones) in wild/exotic germplasm, which indicated that diverse genetic resources are available for Bru1 introgression. Commercial Bru1-positive cultivar, 'L 01-299', was resistant to brown rust. However, Bru1-positive cultivar, 'L 10-146', was susceptible while Bru1-negative cultivars, such as 'L 99-233', showed resistance to brown rust. Bru1-negative clones with brown rust resistance offer an opportunity to identify alternate sources of resistance, which can be pyramided with Bru1 for effective and durable resistance in sugarcane against the changing pathogen.


In the 3GPP LTE Release 13, NB-IoT and LTE for Machine-Type Communication (LTE-M) were standardized to provide wide-area connectivity for IoT. The technologies in 3GPP Release 14 evolved beyond the basic functionality specified in Release 13. In 3GPP Release 15 the evolution continues. To optimize the support for infrequent small data packet transmissions, a mechanism for data transmission during the random access procedure is specified for NB-IoT and LTE-M. This mechanism, hereafter referred to as Early Data Transmission (EDT), improves the device battery life and reduces the message latency. This article provides a description of the EDT feature and presents simulated results for the expected battery life and message latency for a set of typical IoT traffic models. For a device in extreme coverage, EDT can enable improved battery life by almost 3 years and reduce message latency by more than 3 seconds compared to the Release 13 performance. Although the absolute gains are highest for devices in challenging radio conditions, significant relative gains are also presented for devices in good coverage.


I. Introduction In calculating damages in wrongful death cases, the economist becomes involved in estimating the present value of future earnings of the decedent. Putting punitive damages aside, the general theory is that present value serves as an estimate of the economic loss suffered by the decedent's estate. While we agree that the estate should be compensated for its economic loss, we believe the net death benefit (from life insurance) to the estate should included in calculating the loss and that this benefit may be a significant economic offset. We suggest that the appropriate measure of this offset is the difference between the contract value of the life insurance (i.e., the face value of the decedent's life insurance policy) and the net present value of the contract.


The research analyzes significant modernization projects of the Hetmanate Ukrainian central administration over the period from the late 1680's to the early 1760's. Part 1 of the book deals with historical sources used in research. In the next part of the research the use of Modernization Concepts in the studies of Early Modern History in post-communist Poland, Russia and Ukraine as well as the methodology of research is traced. The research uses traditional methods (analysis, comparison, synthesis), as well as сorpus linguistics, sociological and textual ones. Historical Source Research Scientific Laboratory takes the key role in the research methodology. It has been shown that the changes, implemented by Cossack central administration, belonged to the moderate modernization. The Part 3 of the book proves that Mazepa's moderate modernization (1687-1708) provided increase in central administration efficiency, military taxes, implementation of church and educational policy, justice improvement and legal delimitation of Cossacks and common people. Part 4 of the book presents the Ukrainian Constitution (1710) of the representatives of Сossack administration in exile, innovation elements regarding protection of Ukrainian trade and justice improvement in Ivan Skoropadsky's policy (1708-1722), as well as efforts of hetman Pavlo Polubotok (1722-1723) to adapt Ukrainian autonomy to new conditions of the Russian Empire as different attempts to implement Mazepa's model of modernization. Part 5 proves that reforms in administration, finances, justice, and army in Danylo Apostol times (1727-1734) were continuation of the main components of Mazepa's modernization. This part demonstrates that Apostol's modernization was of both progressive (development of Ukrainian finance, beginning of army rearmament etc.) and regressive character (the final transfer of judicial power to colonels and captains, refusal of imperial projects that had to improve administration and judiciary etc.). The final part of the book researches moderate modernization in times of Kyrylo Rozumovsky (1750-1764). It describes successes of Ukrainian administration in reforming of legal system, improving administrative structures etc. It also represents the causes for most unrealized modernization projects.


Citation Details Stewart, L., Rosenzweig, J. M., Malsch, A. M., & Brennan, E. M. (2009, January). Pathways across the work-life boundary: How parents with children with mental health challenges avoid stigmatization and reach flexibility. Paper presented at the 13th annual conference of the Society for Social Work and Research, Research that Promotes Sustainability and (Re) Builds Strengths, New Orleans, LA.


Abstract TMDs have a multifactorial etiology varying from bruxism, psychological illness and traumatic injuries from mastication, extreme mouth opening, or faulty dental restorations. The present case study highlights the importance of right diagnosis of the patients problem as this forms the foundation to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan which further ensures the right solution to the stated patient problem along with long term maintenance of healthy stomatognathic system. An hard occlusal splint has been indirectly fabricated on the semiadjustable articulator. Occlusal splint used in treatment of TMDs is designed to provide even and balanced Occlusal contacts without forcefully altering the mandibular rest position or permanently altering the dentition. One case of fabrication of mandibular occlusal splint and its therapeutic role is discussed in this case report. The splint successfully relieved the patient TMD signs and symptoms, when used over four months.


Review | Volume 5 | Issue 1| 1 Copyright 2020 Rapaport C. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. cc Bystanders are an integral part of an emergency scene. Their presence on site makes them the immediate potential responders, who can provide life-saving assistance as well as various rescue actions. Research has shown that bystanders are willing to and are capable of helping, especially (but not limited to) when a leader emerges, as the help is rooted in a collective action. In this article, we suggest a new framework for understanding the effectiveness of bystanders help, based on the evolving social process between bystanders and first responders. As we show, the transition from no help, at the very first moment right after the emergency has occurred, to an effective coordinated response where first responders and bystanders act together, goes through engagement of bystanders. Further, first responders should acknowledge the social organization of bystanders, utilize and leverage it in order to optimize their efforts. This framework has important insights for policy makers when managing emergency and disaster situations with limited resources.


The Auxin Binding Protein1 (ABP1) has been identified based on its ability to bind auxin with high affinity and studied for a long time as a prime candidate for the extracellular auxin receptor responsible for mediating in particular the fast non-transcriptional auxin responses. However, the contradiction between the embryo-lethal phenotypes of the originally described T-DNA Arabidopsis insertional knock-out alleles ( and ) and the wild type-like abp1-1 abp1-1s phenotypes of other recently described loss-of-function alleles ( and abp1-c1 ) questions the biological importance of ABP1 and relevance of the abp1-TD1 previous genetic studies. Here we show that there is no hidden copy of the gene in the genome but the embryo-lethal phenotypes of ABP1 Arabidopsis and alleles are very similar to the knock-out phenotypes of the abp1-1 abp1-1s neighboring gene, ( ). Furthermore, the allelic BELAYA SMERT BSM complementation test between and alleles shows that the bsm abp1 embryo-lethality in the and alleles is caused by the off-target abp1-1 abp1-1s disruption of the locus by the T-DNA insertions. This clarifies the BSM controversy of different phenotypes among published knock-out alleles abp1 and asks for reflections on the developmental role of ABP1. Jiří Friml ( ) Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Michalko J, Dravecká M, Bollenbach T and Friml J. How to cite this article: Embryo-lethal phenotypes in early mutants are due to abp1 2015, :1104 (doi: disruption of the neighboring gene [version 1; referees: 3 approved] BSM F1000Research 4 ) 10.12688/f1000research.7143.1 © 2015 Michalko J . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the , which Copyright: et al Creative Commons Attribution Licence permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver This work was supported by ERC Independent Research grant (ERC-2011-StG-20101109-PSDP to JF). JM internship was Grant information: supported by the grant "Action Austria – Slovakia". Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. 23 Oct 2015, :1104 (doi: ) First published: 4 10.12688/f1000research.7143.1 1,2 1 1


This paper aims to reflect on the learning of spatial figures in the light of the theory of records of semiotic representation through an activity with concrete material developed with students of the 6th grade of elementary school. For this practice were made geometric solids that allowed their planning and reconstruction encouraging students to perform cognitive activities of conversion and treatment in the figural register. The research is bibliographic with the classroom as a stage for data production. The analyzes, made in the light of the theoretical framework, reveal that the activity made possible the mobilization of the discursive and figural registers and the figurative apprehensions expanding to the cognitive architecture of the students, contributing to their learning. Considering that the access to the mathematical object is through semiotic representations, the work is a contribution to the more effective teaching of spatial geometry considering its peculiarities.


Sanden corporation is a global manufacturer for environmental technologies of heating and cooling of air-conditioning, compressors as automotive parts and housing and vending machines. Recent sustainable technological innovation of the company include its CO2 heat pump developed at its environmentally friendly plant and global center of technology, which are important constituents of Sanden Road, that is provided over decades as the company leadership developed quality management infrastructure. This paper discusses Components of Sanden Road and Sanden's corporate philosophy and how the applications influenced the R&D in sustainable technologies.


Network intrusion is one of the growing concern throughout the globe about the information stealing and data exfiltration. In recent years this was coupled with the data exfiltration and infiltration through the internal threats. Various security encounters have been taken in order to reduce the intrusion and to prevent intrusion, since the stats reveals that every 4 seconds, at least one intrusion is detected in the detection engines. An external software mechanism is required in order to detect the network intrusions. Based on the above stated problem, here we proposed a new hybrid behaviour model based on Neural KDE and correlation method to detect intrusions. The proposed work is splitted into two phases. Initial phase is setup with the Neural KDE as the learning phase and the basic network parameters are profiled for each hosts, here the neural KDE is generated based on the input and learned parameters of the network. Next phase is the detection phase, here the Neural KDE is computed for the identified parameters and the learned KDE feature value is correlated with the present KDE values and correlated values are calculated using cross correlation method. Experimental results show that the proposed model is robust in detecting the intrusions over the network.


It is expected that multiple radio access standards and systems will coexist in the same environment beyond 3G. Software defined radio (SDR) has made itself become a key enabling technology in order to realize such a flexible and reconfigurable radio system. Several research works have involved in the development of SDR systems and their efforts focus on hardware design and software framework. However, the current SDR system is insufficient to provide their full potential due to the performance problems. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable base station system (RBS) which is composed of AdvancedTCA hardware platform and SCA-based software platform. Our RBS system shows that it is capable of changing mode between WiMAX and HSDPA. The application components of the RBS system divide into two parts, control data and traffic data components for the performance improvement. The traffic data components are implemented as adaptor components.


ABSTRACT Due to social and historical forces resistant to predictions of religion's waning influence in the modern world, responses to contemporary epidemics continue to involve local religious entities and global religious networks. This viewpoint draws on the history of the 1854 cholera epidemic in London to highlight how histories of cooperation between religion and public health can help focus current thinking about the potential for intersectoral cooperation in response to modern epidemics.


The application of a large number of distributed generation plants, built on the basis of synchronous generators in electric energy system (EES), requires solving the problem of their centralized control, adjustment of local controllers and stabilization of alternating current frequency, which entails taking into account a large number of interrelated system parameters. For example, the use of several hydrogenerators in a small-scale HPP requires solving problems of distribution and optimization of their load, as well as group control. These problems can be solved using prognostic control algorithms. Below is a description of the method to control the frequency of a group of low power synchronous hydrogenerators, the description of computer models of DG plants and the proposed group power controller of prognostic type, as well as the simulation results in the modes of additional powerful load connection and disconnection from EES. The research was conducted in MATLAB environment. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of group control of prognostic speed controllers of several hydrogenerators of the same type in emergency and post-emergency modes. The results of computer simulation indicate that the use of prognostic controllers reduces overshoot, oscillability index and transient time for voltage, rotational frequency and frequency in the normal and emergency conditions. The proposed methods of formation and tunning the group prognostic speed controllers allow to improve quality indices of small-scale HPP voltage and frequency control, while retaining the former settings of the local controllers.


Materials and Methods 20 consecutive patients, presenting to the ear, nose and throat department over an 8-month period with dermatitis of the ear under their hearing aids, were recruited. All patients had: no dermatitis before the use of their hearing aid; no dermatitis elsewhere; no evidence of seborrhoeic dermatitis; and dermatitis sufficiently severe to interfere with use of the aid. They were patch tested to the European standard series, a medicaments series and a plastics/glues series (including methacrylates).


Conformal antennas on different kinds of surfaces as circular cylinders, elliptic cylinders, spheres, cones and even more complex formed surfaces like wings of aeroplanes have received more and more attention due to their extended beam scanning capabilities in comparison with planar arrays as well as their close mechanical fit to the carrying structure. This contribution discusses the advantages and drawbacks of cylindrical and spherical microstrip array antennas in terms of electrical performance and mechanical setup. It further outlines the design of these antennas and shows measured results for aperture coupled microstrip patch arrays on cylindrical and spherical surfaces.


Among hadrons, a pion has several unusual characteristics which is generally thought to be caused by the nature of the pion as a Goldstone boson. We investigate this peculiarity of the pion by using the method of the composite model in the independent particle picture. It is found that the concept of two kinds of quark masses plays the leading role; one is the effective quark mass in each hadron, and the other is the bare quark mass, which is common in every hadron. The main result of this paper is that there exists, in the case of a pion, the notable distinction in the relation between the effective quark mass and the bare quark mass compared with the cases of other ordinary hadrons, which is due to the fact that the role of the residual interaction is quite different in these two cases.


The effects of cadmium on gonadal hormone(E2,P,FSH and LH) levels in serum and organ coefficient of ovaries were studied by injecting the subchronic toxicity of cadmium hypodermically.The results show that there was no significant influence on organ coefficient of ovaries and serum FSH in serum(P0.05).The levels of E2,P and LH in rats treated with high dose of cadmium decreased significantly(P0.05).And the levels of P in rats treated with low dose of cadmium decreased significantly(P0.01).The conclusion was that cadmium can degrade the levels of gonadal hormone(E2,P and LH) by impacting the secretory function of ovaries and hypophysis,and has the interference effects for reproduction endocrine.


Considering that the main objective of a photovoltaic (PV) system is to extract the maximum power that the PV panel can produce, the current work approaches the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies. The paper presents a method that implements the knowledge base of a knowledge driven MPPT structure using a classical search algorithm. The knowledge base is represented by a two-dimensional Lookup table that through is support points associates the maximum power point (MPP) voltage or current coordinates to certain values of two basic external disturbances (solar radiation and temperature of the PV panel). After detecting and storing intermediary MPP coordinates, the Lookup table is set up using the Inverse Distance Weighting method. The detailed case study shows satisfactory results.


Abstract Galilei Galileo would be somewhat surprised. When neutrons become ultra-cold, his famous fall experiment shows quantum aspects of the subtle gravity force in the sense that neutrons do not fall as larger objects do. In free-fall experiment they don't fall continuously. We find them on particular levels, when they come close to a reflecting mirror for neutrons. Of course, such bound states with discrete energy levels are expected when the gravitational potential is larger than the energy of the particle. Here, the quantum states have pico-eV energy, value that is smaller by many orders of magnitude compared with an electromagnetically bound electron in hydrogen atom, opening the way to a new technique for gravity experiments and measurements of fundamental properties. New motivations for gravity experiments come from frameworks where the fundamental Planck scale (the scale about 104s after the big bang where gravity becomes comparable in strength to the other interactions) is taken to the weak scale, the energy scale of the Standard Model at s after the big bang. Considering this very early stage of our universe, we have the strong feeling, that a Standard Model description is incomplete, and many new observables pointing to physics beyond the Srandard Model emerge from superstring theory, supersymmetry or other Grand Unified Theories GUT). For example, in theories with submillimeter dimensions, gauge fields can mediate repulsive gravity-like forces -1 O'O times stronger than gravity in submillimeter distances. Furthermore, the quark-mixing CabibboKobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix remains unexplained in the Standard Model as well as CP-violation, which might explain the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry of the universe. Some observables of these theories require neutron physics, for others the neutron provides one of several possible ingredients.


Twenty five sorghum RILs from each of two Recombinant Inbred populations (RIPs) derived from crosses IS 830 x EI6–1 (R1P1) and NI13 x I36-1 (RIP2) were evaluated for post flowering drought tolerance. The RILs with high stay-green scores were selected and evaluated for stay-green stability performance. Stability was estimated using the Eberhart and Russell method. Based on stability parameters, in RIP1, the RILs 22 and 71 and in RIP2, RILs 170 and 214 were desirable, stable and adapted to wide range of environments in Karnataka.


DOI: 10.21276/sjpm.2018.3.11.8 Abstract: Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (SRMS) is a very rare subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and can lead to diagnostic difficulties especially if one is not advised of this variant. This entity was first described in 2000 by Mentzel and Katenkamp.Morphologically, it is characterized by an abundant hyalinized stroma that may erroneously lead to the diagnosis of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, sometimes this stroma simulates a primary osteoid or vascular tumor. Thus, it can lead to confusion with osteosarcoma or angiosarcoma. We report here a case of SRMS mimicking a sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma appearing in calves in a 55-year-old man. The tumor cells were arranged in nests, cords with sometimes a pseudovascular features. Immunostaining showed that the tumor was positive for Desmin, SMA and MyoD1, focally positive for myogenin and negative for CK, P63, EMA, S-100, H-caldesmon, CD34, CD31. Based on morphological discovery and immunostaining, he was diagnosed as an SRMS. This is the first case of SRMS to show a strong and diffuse αSMA highlighting the risk of misdiagnosis as leiomyosarcoma.


How do variations in the consumption of media across Americans affect policy attitudes at the individual and aggregate levels? Tyler Johnson and Paul Kellstedt examine how newspaper readership and television viewership choices shape liberalism or conservatism towards spending decisions made by government from the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s. They find that infrequent newspaper readers exhibit greater variance in opinion and, as a result, their opinions move in less parallel fashion over time compared to those who sometimes or always read newspapers. Television viewership rates, however, do not appear to affect opinion at the individual or aggregate level.


The article is devoted to the novel by V. Kaverin «Before the mirror». The subject of the scientific research is exfrases of pictures described in it created by main heroine of the novel. It is noted that the artist working in different genres especially was found of landscape. Description of the landscapes made by the heroine gives the author the chance not only to show her moods, but also show her professional growth, to express her art preferences. In conclusion it is underlined that in the analyzed novel exfrasis landscape is the main means of creating of image of personage.


In 1887 the French explorer, Louis Binger, left the colony of Senegal with the idea of annexing the land of the Mossi for France. After a journey lasting several months he arrived in the village of Banema, not far from the Mossi capital of Ouagadougou. There he was entertained by Boukary Koutou, a nobleman who had been exiled from Ouagadougou by his brother, the emperor of the Mossi. During his stay in Banema, Binger observed and made notes on the local customs and trading practices. However, what struck him most was the curious manner in which people saluted his host.


The goal of this study was to investigate the nutritional characteristics and physiological functionality of Liriope tuber for development of new bioactive compound from Liriope tuber. Crude protein and carbohydrate contents of Chenogsim were 9.25% and 77.98%, respectively and crude protein, 9.86% and carbohydrate, 79.08% were also contained in Liriope tuber No.1. Both of Liriope tubers were showed very high contents of sucrose (Cheongsim; 4.08%, Liriope tuber No.1; 4.91%), oxalic acid (0.98%, 0.86%) and glutamic acid (3.736 g/100 g, 4,196 g/100 g). Among several physiological functionalities, tyrosinase inhibitory activity were showed very high 86.4% in Cheongsim and 82.02% in Liriope tuber No.1, respectively.


Luger, Annemarie (2005). Generalized poles and zeros of generalized Nevanlinna functions a survey. In Proceedings of the Algorithmic Information Theory Conference, Vaasa 2005. Proceedings of the University of Vaasa, Reports 124, 85–94. Eds S. Hassi, V. Keränen, C.-G. Källman, M. Laaksonen, and M. Linna. Generalized poles and zeros of a generalized Nevanlinna function Q are defined as eigenvalues of certain relations that are connected with the function Q. In this note we give a survey on characterizations of these points, including their order and degree of non-positivity, in terms of the analytic behaviour of Q. Annemarie Luger, Department of Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10, A-1040 Wien, Austria, E-mail: email@example.com


: Main features of water region of Umbric Albeluvisols Abruptic and Gleyic Albeluvisols Abruptic displaying different rate in years with different moisturizing were studied. Two layers of surface water appear in soils in spring and fall, hence, the fields are decreased or crops die. Drainage is shown to eliminate surface water. Plastic drainage causes more intensive drainage effect than ceramic trench drainage in wet years. Drainage leads to an increase in specific surface area, total soil porosity, number of water stable aggregates, including those in the lower horizons, distribution of forms of iron compounds. Favorable conditions for the cultivation of crops, especially for grain crops, are formed on drained soils of the Nonchernozem region. Drainage exerted effect on the fractional and chemical composition and lignin of soils and Fe-Mn concretions. Abruptic; (b) comparative study of drainage action of material drainage different types: particular trench ceramic and non-trench plastic drainage; (c) analysis of the hydrological regime variation in Gleyic Albeluvisols Abruptic as a result of drainage; (d) investigation of the influence of different types of drainage on the productivity of soils and the main zoned crops. These problems are very controversial for the conditions of the Nonchernozem region. Proven responses to them can evidently be obtained on a field station experiment.


The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect millions of people with increasing morbidity and mortality. Substantial variations exists in drug treatment of COVID-19. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) facilitates survival of select critically ill patients with COVID-19 with about 25-45% survival rate;survivors tend to be younger and have a shorter duration from diagnosis to cannulation. The practioners found the severe complications including concomitant neurological manifestations (from headache, anosmia, ageusia to encephalopathy, stroke and others) and multisystem inflammation syndrome (MIS) predominantly in children few weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by persistent fever, vomiting, headache, Kawasaki - like rash and fatigue. Regarding MIS the authors did not find strong association between the complications rate and outcomes and regime of immunomodulation treatment. The neurological manifestations in pts with COVID-19 were associated with higher in-hospital mortality.Copyright © 2022 Sinergia Press. All rights reserved.


THE purpose of this report is to attempt to assess the effect of cortisone in rheumatic heart disease by consideration of a group of 100 patients treated with cortisone and, for purposes of compari...


We continue our quest to determine localized micro- elasticity by combining a standing ultrasonic wave pattern and SAXS X-ray diffraction (CuKalpha 1.54 Aring) to map the local elastic modulus. This was done in 20times20times1.5 mm3 dry Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L) soft wood and high-density polyethene (HDPE), acting as homogenized wood phantom samples. An Atmel Atmega 8515 (8 bit, 16 MHz) microprocessor launches and upholds a resonant lambda/2 wave pattern in the radial wood direction using a 100 Hz feedback loop. By varying the transmitted ultrasonic power, it is possible to alter the local stress within the volume probed by the 1 mm2 X-ray beam. The local strain in unit crystals is determined from changes in the width and position of the X-ray diffraction peaks. The results indicate that the method is applicable for localized quantitative elasticity mapping.


BACKGROUND
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for the detection of C. difficile is a highly sensitive test. Some clinical laboratories have included a 2-step testing algorithm utilizing PCR plus toxin enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to increase specificity.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the risk factors and outcomes of C. difficile PCR-positive/toxin-positive encounters compared to PCR-positive/toxin-negative encounters.

DESIGN
Retrospective study.

SETTING
A Veterans' Affairs hospital.

METHODS
A retrospective case-control study of patient encounters with a positive C. difficile test by PCR and either a toxin EIA-positive assay (ie, cases) or toxin EIA-negative assay (ie, controls). Clinically relevant exposures and risk factors were determined to assess CDI recurrence at 30 days. Available encounter stool specimens were cultured for C. difficile and were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) strain typing.

RESULTS
Among 130 C. difficile PCR-positive patient encounters, 80 (61.5%) were toxin EIA negative and 50 (38.5%) were toxin EIA positive. Encounters that were toxin positive were more frequently treated (96.0%) compared to toxin-negative encounters (71.3%; P < .01). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that toxin-negative encounters were less likely to suffer a recurrent CDI episode within 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.83). Additionally, a higher C. difficile PCR cycle threshold predicted a lower risk of CDI recurrence at 30 days. (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.98). During the study period, the REA group Y strain accounted for most toxin-negative encounters (32.5%; P = .05), whereas REA group BI strain accounted for most toxin-positive encounters (24.3%; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS
A testing strategy of PCR plus toxin EIA helped predict recurrent CDI.


The electronic system (200) comprises two power supplies (202, 210) to the switching power supply of the converter (VDD) voltage. A first power supply to start is called (202) comprises a first source follower transistor (212) for conduction to the controller (204) and supplying starting current operating voltage for the controller. The controller controls the switching operation of the power converter. A second power source (210) (referred to as an auxiliary power supply) includes a second source follower transistor (218) to control conduction in the steady-state operating current and the operating voltage supply for the controller. In at least one embodiment, once the second power source starts supplying operating voltage to the controller, the power supply to start automatic stop-start current supply to the controller.


Disclosed are a high efficiency power supply apparatus and a power supply method using the same. The power supply apparatus comprises a relay for switching alternating current power supplied from a plurality of sources; a direct current power supply unit for converting the switched alternating current power into direct current power; and a controller for generating a switch signal so as for the relay to switch the sources on the basis of the result for monitoring the alternating current power supplied from the sources.


A new method for studying the interaction of lead(II) and DNA was developed using capillary electrophoresis online coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Under optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit (3σ) for Pb(II) was observed to be 1.8 × 10−6 mol L−1 by running 10 replicates of the reagent blank. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) of 0.5 × 10−4 mol L−1 was calculated as 3.4%. The primary binding number (n1) and binding constant (K1) of Pb(II)–DNA were observed as 0.57 and 6.2 × 104 L mol−1, respectively. The non-specific binding number (n2) and binding constant (K2) of Pb(II) and DNA were found to be 1.1 and 1.9 × 104 L mol−1, respectively. This new method allows the rapid analysis of a small amount of sample in a simple way, while it also prevents long periods of dialysis and eliminates the interferences from other metal ions. It thus provides a reliable and convenient new way to study the interactions between metal ions and biomolecules.


That productivity determines relations of production does not mean productivity pre-exists before relations of production. They are simultaneous as well as syncretic, non-recognition of which is the fatal flaw of "proprietorshipis no bread" and formerly disproved "the better is public ownership the more for the public".


ABSTRACT DNA helicases are essential for DNA metabolism; however, at the molecular level little is known about how they assemble or function. Therefore, as a model for a eukaryotic helicase, we are analyzing T antigen (T-ag) the helicase encoded by simian virus 40. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were used to investigate the transit of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) through the T-ag origin-binding domain (T-ag OBD). When the residues that interact with ssDNA are viewed in terms of the structure of a hexamer of the T-ag OBD, comprised of residues 131 to 260, they indicate that ssDNA passes over one face of the T-ag OBD and then transits through a gap in the open ring structure. The NMR-based conclusions are supported by an analysis of previously described mutations that disrupt critical steps during the initiation of DNA replication. These and related observations are discussed in terms of the threading of DNA through T-ag hexamers and the initiation of viral DNA replication.


Overview:Breast cancer is a disease of aging. However, older women with breast cancer are less likely to participate in clinical trials or to receive recommended treatment. This undertreatment has ...


Reconciling the competing demands of work and family life remains a persistent challenge for workers in the United States and around the world. Yet, this burden is not shared equally. Women bear he...


In order to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) numerically, one first needs to approximate the field functions (such as the displacement functions), and then obtain the derivatives of the ...


BACKGROUND
Domestic spousal violence against women has far-reaching mental health implications.

AIMS
To determine the association of domestic spousal violence with poor mental health.

METHOD
In a household survey of rural, urban non-slum and urban slum areas from seven sites in India, the population of women aged 15-49 years was sampled using probability proportionate to size. The Self Report Questionnaire was used to assess mental health status and a structured questionnaire elicited spousal experiences of violence.

RESULTS
Of 9938 women surveyed, 40% reported poor mental health. Logistic regression showed that women reporting 'any violence' -- 'slap', 'hit', 'kick' or 'beat' (OR 2.2, 95% CI 2.0-2.5) -- or 'all violence' -- all of the four types of physically violent behaviour (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.94-3.51) -- were at increased risk of poor mental health.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate a strong association between domestic spousal violence and poor mental health, and underscore the need for appropriate interventions.


A security gateway IPsec-capable node (2), for use in a virtual private network (1) contains a CPU (4) having a volatile memory (5) in which is stored a security association database for controlling secure communication between a network and external users. A controller (6) periodically stores the security association database in a non-volatile memory, such as a disc memory (7). When power is restored following a power failure, the controller (6) retrieves the latest security association database from the memory (7) and injects it into the volatile memory (5). The security gateway can then restore secure communication with external users.


Pulsed power diodes that generate bremsstrahlung x-rays are of interest as sources for radiation-matter interaction studies. The cylindrical reflex triode (CRT) is one such diode that is notable for its ability to produce low-endpoint x-ray spectra and its design is favorable to combine multiple CRTs to increase x-ray output, in either series or parallel configurations [1] . CRTs in various configurations are fielded on NRL's Gamble II generator. This work marks the first particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of a CRT and will focus on two CRTs in parallel in support of recent Gamble II experiments. The PIC simulations will be used to predict current measurements for the inner and outer triodes as well as report direct voltage measurements near the anode-cathode gap. Radiation production calculations based on the PIC simulation particle outputs will be made to make predictions of the time dependent x-ray production, near field radial dose distribution, and x-ray source distribution. These calculations will be validated against Gamble II experiments. Successful confidence in predictive capability with the model will allow for the development of synthetic x-ray spectra diagnostics.


AbstractThe formation of latent image specks has been discussed so far as a sequence of steps (Ag1,→Ag2 -→Ag3-→ .) which allegedly leads from precursors (Ag1, Ag2,...) finally to full image centres. This reaction scheme demands that a continuous growth of silver specks by electron capture regardless of the size of the specks takes place as the result of exposure. Sub-image specks obtained by a weak pre-exposure, or reduction sensitization specks are believed to be such precursors of latent image. If silver speck formation is treated as a process of phase formation, calculations suggest that such a continuous growth does not take place: Very small specks (e.g.Ag1, Ag2,) tend to capture holes and are thus destroyed by exposure. Growth by electron capture requires a minimum size of the silver specks which depends on the value of the exposure-induced supersaturation in the crystal.


The stiffener which plays a supporting role of panel to the mine-used lifesaving cabin is the most important link in lifesaving cabin. Its stability will directly affect the safety performance of the lifesaving cabin, so this article will analyze the crosssection shape of the reinforcement, spatial arrangement etc. with mathematical modeling, and, software simulated analysis. It analyzes teh spacing of stress, displacement, the distance between the strain at different structure during the same stress simulation of 0.6 MPa gas explosion load. It turned out that, in 40mm both longitudinal and transverse spacing, using the design of 6.5 channel of the crosssection shape is the best design solution, for its strength and expenditure both meet the requirements.


Organization's environment is dynamic and changing fast. Knowledge-based organization relies on external knowledge as different type of knowledge that facilitates and improves processes and services for citizen and stakeholders. A successful organization focuses and looking for new external knowledge and generate new value. The absorptive capacity is critical capability which leads organization to successfully innovation performance. This phenomenon achieve new external knowledge for innovative process in two points. This paper purpose two levels of cognitive structure to identify and evaluate knowledge which are essential to provide innovation for responsiveness citizen and stakeholders in public sector. Both levels identify and evaluate knowledge from external sources that depend on their views and perspectives how they interpret environment. We explain how organization in public sector enhances innovation performance within absorptive capacity. In this model, prior knowledge, government strategy and social integration mechanisms are antecedents of absorptive capacity which represent how much organization successfully able to absorb distant knowledge from environment. Organization culture and regimes of appropriability also play roles of moderator in this model. These variables interact and play enforces rules. Absorptive capacity also play role of mediator and finally innovation performance is consequence in this model.


Heightened awareness and interdisciplinary management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) sequelae have become a significant public health issue. Typical TBI sequelae include impaired: cognition, sensory processing, communication, and behavior. Sensory processing sequelae of TBI often include vision deficits since all four lobes of the brain impact visual function. This paper focuses on the frontal lobe's integral role in motor planning, visual executive function, and motor learning. A 26year-old male, incurred a frontal lobe TBI when a nail gun misfired, damaging his left frontal and left parietal lobes. Optometric management is described for consequent aspects of compromised visual function.


Blockchain is a data management innovation that allows the linkage of successive records regarding a digital entity, and to store them into a shared, decentralized, distributed and retroactively unchangeable data structure. Each bit of information related to the recorded events contains the public key of the owner, therefore, the whole record is formed by a chain of transactions with blocks of information identifying where the transaction was generated from and its current destination  (Nakamoto, 2008). Blockchain is the technology behind Bitcoin, an online currency that was first introduced in 2009. The technology makes it possible to conduct business between members within the network without relying on third parties as guarantors to prove transaction integrity, thus increasing speed and reducing cost of transaction. Moreover, the transparency posed by the technology makes it possible to trace goods and services through all stages, making the technology a unique tool that can be assimilated by, for example, the Agro-food supply chain systems. Specifically, Blockchain is being tested in a pilot project in the UK meat (Beef) industry by the FSA (Food Standards Agency) and the slaughterhouses, with IBM Blockchain platform to ensure full transparency and compliance with regulations, (Evenstad, 2018). However, the uptake of Blockchain in the fresh produce (fresh and fresh, short-life processed fruit, vegetables, salads) supply chain is lagging, in the United Kingdom, and remains untested and limited to literature, models and specific case studies in the United States of America and France. The study aims at understanding how prepared stakeholders are in adopting Blockchain for their operations. An inductive qualitative method was employed through non-structured interviews with three companies and one consumer focus group. The interviews were guided by seven (7) open-ended questions, which were unstructured. The collected data was analyzed with axial coding through constant comparative methods. Seven (7) themes were identified as factors influencing the adoption of Blockchain in the fresh produce supply chain in the UK. These are, novelty of the technology, complexity of the fresh produce supply chain in UK, level of product transformation, technological compatibility with operations, cost and value, Customer (retailer) push for adoption, and public/consumers opinion. The adaptation of Blockchain by the current fresh produce supply chain in the UK and the EU at large will come about when concerns on Novelty, and complexity of supply chain systems are fully addressed.


Studies comparing isolation ratesofbacteria andyeastsfromventedand unvented vacuum blood culture bottles containing soybean-casein digest broth showedsignificantly more frequent andmore rapid recovery ofCandidaand Pseudomonas fromthevented bottle andno other statistically significant differencesbetween thetwo.Subculture ofbottles on thedayoftheir collection was showntoaccelerate recoveryof48%ofpositive cultures byday1.A second subculture ofknownpositive cultures yielded additional organisms in1.5%of cultures. Dataobtained fromstudies ofsimulated blood cultures (5,10)andofblood cultures in Columbia brothcollected frompatients with suspected bacteremia (3)havesupported recently published recommendations thatboth aerobic andanaerobic blood cultures should be collected (1).Sincemanycommercially prepared, conventional bloodculture mediaare bottled undervacuumwithCO2andsince at least onesuchbottle hasbeenshowntoyield anaerobic bacteria atrates comparable tothose obtained fromprereduced anaerobically sterilized media(6,13), itispossible toinoculate two bottles containing thesamemediumandto venttransiently onlyoneofthetwoforpurposes ofaerobic culture. Thesecond bottle is, therefore, notvented andisusedforanaerobic culture. Inthis study, wehaveexamined theeffects of venting ontherecovery ofbacteria andyeasts froma soybean-casein digest broth(tryptic soy,Difco Laboratories). Moreover, since ithas beenrecommended that aroutine ("blind") subculture beperformed 1dayafter collection of theblood culture (1), wehavestudied thevalue ofanearlier routine subculture. Finally, we haveresubcultured bottles knowntocontain microorganisms aweekafter their original subculture todetermine thefrequency withwhich additional organisms canbeisolated. MATERIALSAND METHODS Bloodcollected aseptically by a venipuncture teamfrompatients withsuspected bacteremia was inoculated (10%, vol/vol) intoeachoftwobottles containing 100mloftryptic soybroth undervacuum withCO2andwith0.025%sodiumpolyanetholsulfonate. Uponreceipt ofthebottles inthelaboratory, onebottle wastransiently vented witha sterile, cotton-plugged needle torelease itsvacuum. Both bottles werethenincubated at35Candwereexaminedmacroscopically later onthedayoftheir receipt, thenoncedaily for7days, andfinally onday 14ofincubation. Routine subcultures ofmacroscopically negative bottles wereperformed byinoculating analiquot of brothaspirated withasterile needle andsyringe ontochocolate blood agarplates whichwereincubated at35C in10%CO2.Ithasbeencustomary in ourlaboratory inrecent years toperform these subcultures 1and5daysafter collection oftheculture. Forapproximately 6weeksduring thisstudy, an additional routine subculture wasmadeontheday ofeachculture's collection. Subcultures ofpositive orsuspected positive cultures weremadeimmediately tomediaappropriate forisolation ofthemicroorganism seenintheGramstained smear. These subcultures routinely included ablood agarplate whichwasincubated anaerobically. With393positive cultures, anadditional setof subcultures wasmadeafter 7moredaysofincubationtoascertain thefrequency withwhichadditional species ofbacteria wouldbeisolated. Methods ofstatistical analysis werebasedon those described byCochran (4).


Blends of gasoline, diesel fuel and ethanol ("dieseline") have shown promise in engine studies examining low temperature combustion using compression ignition. They offer the possibility of high efficiency combined with low emissions of oxides of nitrogen and soot. However, unlike gasoline or diesel fuel alone, such mixtures can be flammable in the headspace above the liquid in a vehicle fuel tank at common ambient temperatures. Quantifying their flammability characteristics is important if these fuels are to see commercial service. The parameter of most interest is the Upper Flammable Limit (UFL) temperature, below which the headspace vapour is flammable. In earlier work a mathematical model to predict the flammability of dieseline blends, including those containing ethanol, was developed and validated experimentally. It was then used to study the flammability of a wide variety of dieseline blends parametrically. Gasolines used in the simulations had DVPEs (Dry Vapor Pressure Equivalent) varying from 45 to 110 kPa. The parametric study revealed that the UFL temperatures of all alcohol-free dieseline blends were well correlated by blend DVPE, and the same correlation was found regardless of which gasoline or diesel fuels were used in the blends. For dieselines containing ethanol, the UFL temperatures could also be correlated using blend DVPE, but the UFL temperatures with ethanol present were different than for the alcohol-free blends at any given DVPE and varied with ethanol content. The results were presented graphically, from which UFL temperature could be estimated for any specific dieseline of interest. However, using the graphical data for broader analyses would be extremely time consuming. In the work reported here, explicit correlation equations have been derived that allow UFL temperature to be determined directly for dieseline blends with or without ethanol. The results have been shown to agree with the predictions of the full mathematical model on which they are based with an RMS error of less than 1°C. The equations can be used to quickly compare the UFL temperatures of a wide variety of dieseline formulations and to evaluate the impact of practical issues arising in-service, such as blending errors or regional variations. Introduction Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is a compression ignition approach that has the potential to avoid high engine-out oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Comparable particulate emissions to those associated with conventional diesel vehicles and emissions approaching Euro 6 levels have been demonstrated without the use of exhaust after-treatment. While such engines can run on conventional diesel fuels, there are advantages in using a fuel of lower cetane number where the longer ignition delay allows more time for mixing and optionally a higher compression ratio can be used for optimal efficiency. A more volatile fuel also assists in the fuel-air mixing process. [1, 2, 3, 4] Market acceptance for LTC engines would be more likely if fuels currently available at the filling station could be used. However, in spite of recent progress, compression ignition (CI) operation on gasoline alone remains a formidable challenge. While good ignition can be achieved at medium and © 2020 Concawe. Published by SAE International. This Open Access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author(s) and the source are credited. Downloaded from SAE International by SAE International [Sales Team], Tuesday, December 15, 2020


I Epidemiology, causes and consequences of coronary heart failure: 1. Epidemiology of heart failure: what does the future hold? 2. Hypertension as a cause of heart failure - is it still important? 3. Should we screen for asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to prevent heart failure? 4. Isolated diastolic dysfunction - is it really a cause of symptomatic heart failure? II Pathophysiology: The ABC of the natriuretic peptides in heart failure: 5. pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic potential 6. Endothelin in the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure 7. Aldosterone in chronic heart failure: have we forgotten it? 8. Adrenomedullin in heart failure: biochemical curiosity or pathophysiological player? 9. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis: a cause of heart failure progression 10. Cardiac interstitium in heart failure: more important than muscle? 11. The blood vessels in heart failure: vascular failure also? 12. Skeletal muscle and metabolism in heart failure: major or minor player? 13. The future is molecular? The molecular biology of heart failure III Treatment: 14. What's new with ACE inhibitors? 15. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: the end of ACE inhibitors? 16. New data available on angiotensin II receptor antagonists 17. Digoxin: a requiem? 18. Beta-blockers in heart failure: help, hope or hype? 19. Arrhythmias and sudden death in heart failure: is there light on the horizon? 20. New trials and CHF statistics: EMIAT, CAMIAT, SWORD, ICD trials 21. Calcium channel blockers in heart failure: has the bridge been crossed? 22. Surgery: does it have anything to offer in heart failure? 23. Non-pharmacological treatment of heart failure: just as important? 24. Quality of life


Abstract The overarching goal of smart farming is to develop innovative solutions for future sustainability of humankind. Crop protection from biological/non-biological factors is a major hindrance for food security, plant diseases being one of the foremost challenges. Not only, plant diseases destroy the crops or diminish their overall quality, use of pesticides for their treatment renders the soil contaminated, which after a time becomes unsuitable for sowing and planting. Potato is a key crop and a major source of livelihood for a vast population. In this study, the authors have implemented capsule networks for classification of potato diseases, and compared the performance with few popular pretrained CNN models, namely ResNet18, VGG16 and GoogLeNet, implemented via transfer learning. Colored images of healthy as well as diseased leaf images were employed from the PlantVillage dataset and used for training the models. CapsNet proved to have achieved comparable performance to state-of-the-art CNN models, with 91.83% accuracy.


This paper describes some concepts and analyses required to create SAS/GRAPH images for use in WEB pages. It deals with an automated SAS/AF Frame system designed to create and print a number of graphs and produce suitable graph image files for inclusion on WEB pages. Topics discussed include drill-down design, programming techniques for creating GIF files, and the creation of custom SAS Device Drivers.


In this work, the interaction of C20 and Fe(CO)4 fragment was investigated by MPW1PW91 method in both gas and solution phases. The influence of solvent on the interaction energy, structural parameters, frontier orbital energies and hyperpolarizability of C20...Fe(CO)4 complex has been explored. The thermodynamic properties of the C20...Fe(CO)4 compound at different temperatures have been calculated. The density of states (DOS) was beneficially used to analyze the main features of electronic structure.


A theoretical model is proposed to characterize the transient operation of Pseudo-MOSFET under gate pulses by considering the substrate effect. The analysis provides Zerbst-like expression of drain current with substrate biased in high frequency deep-depletion state. The model can be used for the extraction of carrier lifetime. The dependence of temperature on carrier lifetime was also modeled by including the temperature-dependent parameters (intrinsic carrier concentration and effective mobility). TCAD simulations and experiments validate our model with the temperature ranging from 300 K to 350 K.


Sodium-glucose cotransport 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are approved for use only in patients with type 2 diabetes and work by blocking glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule. There is also evidence that SGLT2 inhibitors directly act on pancreatic α-cells to stimulate glucagon secretion, leading to additional ketone body production, and that SGLT2 inhibitors decrease renal clearance of ketone bodies. While the risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA) associated with offlabel use in patients with type 1 diabetes is well known, there are currently no guidelines for SGLT2 inhibitor use in patients with diabetes of uncertain or transitioning pathology. We report a case of eDKA associated with canagliflozin in a patient with rapid progression of noninsulin dependent to insulin-dependent diabetes within the span of 2 years to illustrate the risk of eDKA when SGLT2 inhibitors are used in patients with an uncertain insulin treatment requirement in T2D.


This paper presents our work where we investigated a correlation of different meteorological factors, such as: rainfall, humidity etc, to leakage current and ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density). In the study we used the multivariate statistical analysis, where with help of the tools we could, statistically, explain the effect of six meteorological factors on the pollution severity, thus through this method we hope some significant information about the influence of weather condition of insulator performance can be obtained. The meteorological factors investigated in this work are temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind velocity, wind dominant direction, and average ultraviolet of solar radiation. As case study, we analyzed measurement data published by the other authors. As first results it can be shown that wind direction and velocity contribute dominantly on the peak maximum leakage current, and based on the correspondence analysis, it can be shown the close correlation between humidity and temperature, in this case


This article applies the concept of the societal security dilemma to ethnic relations in Israel. I argue that Jews and Arabs in Israel are locked in a regular societal security dilemma in which their identity security requirements are incompatible and that the peace process between Israel and the Palestinian Authority has only served to exacerbate that incompatibility. The article highlights the process of securitization of identities, which is generally missing from the discussion of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and ethnic relations in Israel.


Data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) are used to describe the types of persons who undergo coronary angiography for possible coronary artery bypass surgery, the reasons patients receive coronary bypass surgery, and operative mortality results, as well as changing trends in the therapy assigned. The review is designed to provide background material for those assessing coronary artery bypass technology.


We introduce the abstract framework of decentralized smart contracts system with balance and transaction amount hiding property over account-model blockchain. To build a concrete system with such properties, we utilize a homomorphic public-key encryption scheme and construct a highly efficient non-interactive zero knowledge (NIZK) argument based upon the encryption scheme to ensure the validity of the transactions. Our NIZK scheme is perfect zero knowledge in the common reference string model, while its soundness holds in the random oracle model. Compared to previous similar constructions, our proposed NIZK argument dramatically improves the time efficiency in generating a proof, at the cost of relatively longer proof size.


Objective:The article aims to summarize the common problems in the hospital ward and the distribution of the problems,and analyze the typical cases. Methods: The manuscript collected and summarized the inpatients medical orders, summarized the type of problems, analyzed the reasons. Results: In all the problematically medical orders, the selection of the drug menstruum and the usage error of the medical orders occupied a higher proportion, respectively 46.89% and 41.30%. Conclusions: It is easy to have errors for the selection of the drug menstruum and usage of drugs. Drug interactions, repeated drug use and incompatibility problems cannot be ignored. It is worthy of attention for the clinical doctors.


Volume 2, Issue 1 January February 2013 Page 44 Abstract: In this paper the instrumental variable and recursive least square algorithm for identification of Hammerstein model consisting of the cascade connection of the static non-linearity followed by a LTI system, have been given. Here the linear dynamic block is described by generalised orthonormal basis and the static nonlinearity is formulated by a relay with dead zone characteristics. To estimate the parameters, a proper switching function is incorporated. Thereafter, the recursive least square algorithm and Instrument variable method has been used to obtain the optimal estimates of the parameters. It is shown that the convergence of the parameters was faster using instrumental variable identification algorithm as compared to least square algorithm.


Objective:To explore the morbidity and screening of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Wuhan for 10 years, to find the better way to guide the future screening.Methods:A drop of plantar blood from newborns 72 hours after delivery was obtained to put onto a filter paper and make it dry to test blood levels of TSH by ELISA method at former 4 years and by EIA method at later 6 years respectively. The test results were regarded as positive when TSH value ≥10 mIU/L by EIA or TSH value≥20 mIU/L by ELISA, and great majority positive cases were called back for diagnosis test.Results:Total 271 221 cases were screened in WuHan for 10 years, Among them 125 cases were diagnosed CH, the CH morbidity rate was 0.461‰, male and female cases ratio was 1∶1.23, the trends of morbidity was no significant increase or decrease througout 10 years; There was no significant differences between ELISA method and EIA method when calculat CH morbidity.Conclusion:Wuhan is a high CH morbidity city, government and women and children health care institutes at all levels should strengthen the screen network building and management of neonatal disease screening, make the screening more accessible, extend screening coverage further; guidance department should strengthen technical guidance in specimen collection and lab personnel training; adopt qualified screening test methods, perfect quality control mechanism, reduce the birth defect occurrence to improve the quality of the population in Wuhan.


Alkylation of lithium derivatives of the ethyl and methyl esters of 3β-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxypregn-5-en-21-oic acid (3a) and (3c) with 1-bromo-4-methylpentane gave corresponding derivatives of cholest-5-en-21-oic acid, which were converted into 21-hydroxycholesterol (5e) by reduction of the alkoxycarbonyl groups and acid hydrolysis of the ether group. Alkylation of lithium derivatives of esters (3a) and (3c) with 2-(3-bromopropyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan (8) followed by conversion of the alkoxycarbonyl groups into a methyl group and removal of the protecting groups gave 3β-hydroxy-27-norcholest-5-en-25-one (7a) which was converted into 25-hydroxycholesterol (7c). Alkylation of the lithium derivative of the ester (3c) with methyl iodide gave methyl (20R)-3β-hydroxy-24,25-bisnorchol-5-en-22-oate (4b).


Abstract We have generated a site‐directed mutant of the manganese superoxide dismutase SOD‐3 of C.elegans (MnSOD‐3) which modifies the metal specificity of the enzyme. While wild‐type MnSOD‐3 functions with manganese in the active site (3600 U mg−1 of protein) it has little or no activity when iron is incorporated. However, when histidine replaces glutamine 142 in the active site, the enzyme retains 50 % of its activity and becomes cambialistic for its metal cofactor exhibiting very similar specific activity with either manganese or iron.


Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effective degree of factors on tempeh fermentation.The results showed that the amount of flour powder,lactic acid and fermentation time were most effective.Then the response surface analysis(uniform precision of central composite design,SAS 9.0 software)was applied to optimize three major factors for tempeh solid fermentation.The steepest accent experiment was used to approach the optimal conditions subsequently.The equation of polynomial regression was established between those factors and the response.The optimum conditions were made sure as follows:flower powder was 1.9%,lactic acid was 1%,and fermentation time was 19.4h.


Field indicators are used to identify hydric soil boundaries and to delineate wetlands. The most common field indicators may not be seen in some soils with thick, dark, mollic epipedons, and do not form in Fe-poor soils. This study evaluated magnetic susceptibility (MS) meter as a field tool to determine hydric soil boundaries. Five Mollisol-dominated sites formed in glacial deposits in Illinois were evaluated along with one Ultisol-dominated site formed in Coastal Plain sediments of North Carolina. Measurements of volumetric MS were made along transects at each site that extended from wetland into upland areas. One created wetland was evaluated. Field indicators were used to identify the hydric soils. Results showed that volumetric MS values were significantly (P 0.15) differences in MS were found for Coastal Plain hydric and nonhydric soils where MS values were low (<10 x 10 -5 SI). Critical MS values that separated hydric and nonhydric soils varied between 20 x 10 -5 and 30 x 10 -5 SI for the loessal soils evaluated in Illinois. Such critical values will have to be determined on site using field indicators until specific values can be defined for hydric soils within a given parent material. With a critical MS value in hand, a wetland delineator can make MS measurements along transects perpendicular to the envisioned hydric soil boundary to quickly and quantitatively identify it.


A 19-year-old student nurse became reactive to tuberculin after exposure to an active case of tuberculosis; she reverted to the nonreactive state after one year of isoniazid therapy. One year later, the patient was exposed to another active case of tuberculosis, and the skin test was again reactive. After a second course of isoniazid therapy, she became nonreactive a second time.


The COG trajectory planning method is the primary concern in the gait planning for quadruped robot, especially when the quadruped robot travelling on rough terrain. In this paper, we focus on the scenario where the quadruped robot walking on the rough terrain with the static walking gait. We present a smooth COG trajectory generator that the COG smooth trajectory characterized by continuous velocity and acceleration profiles can be generated automatically according to the current foot placement of the robot. A composite COG trajectory composed of quintic curves and straight lines is proposed in this paper. When the robot swings a leg forward, the COG trajectory is desired to be a straight line to eliminate the influence of acceleration of the body on the stability of the robot. However, the COG trajectory is desired to be a quintic curve when the robot is in the four legs support stage to guarantee the continuity of the COG trajectory. Moreover, the walk efficiency and the ability to keep the stability of robot are considered in this paper. Base on the COG trajectory generate method and the gait planning provided in this paper, the robot can walk through the rough terrain as soon as possible in the condition that the stability margin of the robot no less than the minimum stability margin. Via simulation the performance of the proposed COG trajectory is verified.


Analytical and numerical results on equilibrium configurations of rotating fluid bodies within Einstein's theory of gravitation are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on continuous parametric transitions to black holes. In this connection the uniqueness of extremal Kerr black holes is discussed.


This paper describes a language called Nimble that allows designers to declare how the actual parameters in a procedure call are to be transformed at run time. Normally, programmers must edit an application's source in order to adapt it for reuse in some new context where the interfaces fail to match exactly (e.g. the parameters may appear in a different order, data types may not exactly match, and some data may need to be either initialized or masked out when the reusable module is integrated within a new application.) But Nimble allows programmers to adapt the interfaces of existing software without having to operate on the source manually. As a result, existing software may be easily reused in a broader range of applications, and software libraries do not need to store many variants of a component that differ only in how the interfaces are used. Nimble has been implemented on a variety of Unix hosts, and is part of a broader reuse project at the University of Maryland. Our current system is suitable for use either in conjunction with existing module interconnection languages, or stand‐alone with C, Pascal and Ada source programs.


. Under uncertain circumstances, Financial flexibility plays a crucial role in strategic adjustment for businesses and is also vital for firms in developing countries with high volatility stock markets. With increasing public attention to the health sector as the pandemic progresses, the question arises whether healthcare companies should be led by directors with medical backgrounds or not. This study investigates the impact of financial flexibility on the performance of enterprises in the health sector in ASEAN-5 countries with the moderating role of directors with medical doctor (MD) degrees. Data for 2015–2020 from health sector firms listed on the stock exchange of five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore) were collected and analyzed using the time-series regression technique. Analysis was conducted using Stata software. The study finds that financial flexibility has no influence on health sector firms' performance in ASEAN-5 countries, and directors with MD degree has no moderating effect.


Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography is a new exciting development in echocardiography. We examined the methodology and echo‐anatomic correlations of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography and its clinical applications in 100 patients. We used a 5‐MHz phased array multiplane (OmniPlane) transesophageal probe. In this instrument, the transducer array can be steered through 180° from any transducer location. This provides a vast assembly of imaging planes, allowing for detailed visualization of all dimensions of cardiac anatomy. This report presents our observations on the echocardiographic anatomy seen in various image planes and the unique clinical potential of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular disorders. This technique appears to provide incremental diagnostic information that enhances the interpretative ability. Less esophageal probe manipulation is required with consequent decrease in patient discomfort. We conclude that multiplane transesophageal echocardiography enhances the versatility of transesophageal examination and offers many new avenues for developments such as three‐dimensional echocardiography.


Egypt has many airports which include millions of square meters of paved runways, taxiways and aprons. These pavements serve a great mix of different aircrafts. Aviation community has a large investment in airport pavements. The main purpose of airfield pavements is to carry aircraft loads conveniently, economically, and safely during its design life. In addition, good ride-quality which permit safe operation of aircraft under all weather conditions is essential for runway and taxiway pavements. Immediately upon completion of construction, airport pavements begin a gradual deterioration which is attributed to several factors. These factors include traffic loads, climate, and others causes due to faulty construction techniques. In addition, inferior materials properties and differential movement of the underlying layers can fasten pavement deterioration and effect pavement performance. Consequently, failure to perform routine maintenance during the early stages of deterioration may result in extensive repairs at a later date. The decision to conduct maintenance works depends mainly on the evaluation of the pavement surface conditions. Some pavement distresses as raveling and weathering could produce loose aggregate particles on the runway surface which cause a serious safety problem. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the pavement surface of Luxor International Airport, Egypt. Field inspection includes determination of the type, severity and extent of all surface distresses and defects. Distresses were observed, assessed and tabulated. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) technique for airport pavement and contribution of the different distress types were calculated. The computer software Micro PAVER 5.2 was then used to analyse the collected data. The results show that the most effective distresses were depression, raveling and weathering, and longitudinal and transverse cracking. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ * Egyptian Armed Forces, Egypt. ** Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Canadian International College, Cairo, Egypt; firstname.lastname@example.com Ahmed El-Desouky /et al / Engineering Research Journal 162 (June 2019) C1– C14 C2 Other less effective distresses affecting the studied features were bleeding and oil spillage. The results of this study emphasis the importance of conducting periodic evaluation of airfield pavement surface condition upon which a maintenance decision could be taken.


A time-dependent close-coupling method is used to calculate the multiphoton double ionization of H2 using circularly polarized laser pulses. Total double ionization probabilities are calculated for 2, 3, and 4 photon absorption in the energy range from 10 to 50 eV. Single and triple differential probabilities are calculated at photon energies where the total ionization probability is near a maximum. For one electron emitted along the internuclear axis, the angular distribution for the other electron is similar for 2, 3, and 4 photon absorption. As one electron is emitted further away from the internuclear axis, the angular distribution for the other electron is similar for 2 and 4 photon absorption, but quite different for 3 photon absorption.


Historically, tracheostomy has been performed from about the first
 century, and instruments were devised to carry out such a procedure. Relief
 of airway obstruction was later facilitated by instruments to perforate the
 cricothyroid membrane and at the turn of the century, O'Dwyer introduced an
 instrument to allow blind intubation of the larynx with a metal cannula.
 Direct visualization of the larynx for the purposes of diagnosis and
 treatment was effectively delayed until general anaesthesia became
 available, and early laryngoscopes and bronchoscopes were hampered by poor
 illumination and difficulty in maintaining oxygenation. The invention of
 fibreoptic lighting overcame the former problem to a large degree, but easy
 maintenance of oxygenation and anesthesia during bronchoscopy has been
 revolutionized by the invention of rigid ventilating bronchoscopes.


Abou Hachem M, see Nielsen MM Adachi Y, see Kakutani R Adrio L, see Fernandez C Aghajari N, see Nielsen MM Aghajari N, see Ravaud S Agrawal PB, Nierstrasz VA, Bouwhuis GH & Warmoeskerken MMCG, Cutinase and pectinase in cotton bioscouring: an innovative and fast bioscouring process, 412 Akiyama T, see Kajiura H Alisch-Mark M, see Feuerhack A Almansa E, Heumann S, Eberl A, Fischer-Colbrie G, Martinkova L, Marek J, Cavaco-Paulo A & Guebitz GM, Enzymatic surface hydrolysis of PETenhances bonding in PVC coating, 365 Almansa E, Heumann S, Eberl A, Kaufmann F, Cavaco-paulo A & Gübitz GM, Surface hydrolysis of polyamide with a new polyamidase from Beauveria brongniartii, 371 Andersen J, see Nielsen MM Anderson L, Hägglund P, Stoll D, Lo Leggio L, Drakenberg T & Stålbrand H, Kinetics and stereochemistry of the Cellulomonas fimi b-mannanase studied using H-NMR, 86 Andreassen M, see Yu S Andreaus J, see Feuerhack A Andreaus J, see Rau M Ansorge-Schumacher B, see Schlepütz B Antoniotti S, Fernandez X & Duñach E, Reaction design for evaluation of the substrate range of hydrolases, 228 Araújo R, Casal M & Cavaco-Paulo A, Application of enzymes for textile fibres processing, 332 Arjuna A, see Venu Gopal SK


In the present scenario free cooling system is one effective solution for reducing the power consumption of air conditioning systems. Various free cooling methods are available for data centers and commercial buildings that eliminate or reduce the need for mechanical cooling by utilizing outdoor air under certain conditions. It is evident that climate conditions affect the performance of free cooling modes. It also affects the performance of main components of the cooling infrastructure indirectly due to inefficiencies caused by the part load operation during free cooling modes. Hence, modeling key components of cooling infrastructure in an essential element for reliable assessment of these methods. Most of the studies assessing energy saving potential of free cooling methods in the existing literature follow simpler approaches that do not consider the off-design performance of cooling equipment.


Commentary on: Yoong J, Park ER, Greer JA, et al. Early palliative care in advanced lung cancer: a qualitative study. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:283–90.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

Professional organisations in the fields of oncology, such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology2 and palliative care, including the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, have articulated the need for palliative care to be integrated into disease-focused care. There has been a wide international interest in this area as well. Achieving this aim will require a greater understanding of …

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It is shown that neutralization of the ions at the hot end plates dominates over the process of volume recombination in the Q machine. A wall recombination coefficient is defined and calculated for comparison with the experimental data. Further, the maximum plasma density that can be obtained with the Q machine is discussed.


This study was conducted to evaluate high oxygen packaging (HiOx-MAP) on myofibrillar protein oxidation at different depths in beef m. triceps brachii roasts and the effects of dietary antioxidants as a control measure. Steers were fed corn-based finishing diets containing 0 or 30% wet distillers grains with or without AGRADO®PLUS antioxidant supplements. Roasts, aged 8 and 29 days, were packaged in HiOx-MAP and displayed for 6 days. Myofibrillar proteins were isolated from muscle strips (<4 g) cut both parallel and perpendicular to the muscle fibers from the outside to the inside of roasts and tested for protein oxidation. The rest of the steak was tested for tenderness. Protein oxidation (loss of free-thiols and accumulation of carbonyls and protein aggregates) was higher in the outer-most layer than subsequent inner layers in the roast (P ≤ 0.05). Tenderness severely decreased in the outer-most later compared to the inner layers of the roast (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, longer aging greatly increased protein oxidation in beef compared to short-term aging (P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, protein oxidation and toughening in beef due to HiOx-MAP happens at a descending gradient and is greatly influenced by the aging time. Also, it cannot be controlled by dietary antioxidants.


Utilising a unique database of daily manager trades, we examine 'portfolio pumping' or 'marking up' around quarter ends. We find small and momentum stocks experience significant price inflation at quarterly intervals. This result also links to evidence that funds flow asymmetrically to past period winners, and is greater after periods of high returns. Active and especially high performing investment managers perpetrate this gaming behaviour in less liquid stocks. We find the manipulation of index futures settlement prices provides a significant motive for gaming behaviour. Increased scrutiny by the ASX reduces gaming. Attempts to reduce price manipulation by instituting and then modifying a closing price call auction have been effective in both limiting the occurrences and severity of gaming.


Traditional financial analyses mainly focus the profit of enterprise as the orientation,focusing on the analysis and forecast of enterprise's profitability.But new accounting standards redefine the contents of significant assets,which become more emphasize on the quality and structure of enterprise assets.Thus,Traditional financial analysis is supposed to adjust itself to the varied accounting standards.By transforming the ever analysis system of profit-oriented to a new analysis system of asset-oriented,we can analyze the sustainable development capacity of enterprises more effectively.


With more than 7 million cases and approaching half a million deaths, the global impact of 2019-nCoV popularly known as COVID-19 remains uncertain. Low and middle income countries including India have witnessed exponential urbanization and migration with complex patterns across urban–rural landscapes. These population shifts bring along behavioral and substance use challenges during pandemics. The associated migration patterns are dynamically changing at the time of writing this paper depending on advice from local authorities and emerging scientific evidence. For example, COVID-19 is now suspected to be airborne as contested by a group of scientists and the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, it is expected that urbanized areas with high population densities would lead to a much faster spread of the virus.


An auxiliary water tank for an engine cooling system is provided, which has a case (200) with a cavity (100). The case (200) is provided with a water-feeding port (31), a water outlet (32), a gas inlet (201) and a gas outlet (202). The water-feeding port (31) and the water outlet (32) are communicated with the cavity (100) respectively. The gas inlet (201) is communicated with the gas outlet (202) through an exhaust pipeline. The exhaust pipeline is not communicated with the cavity (100). The engine cooling system includes the auxiliary water tank and the exhaust pipeline separated from each other, so that the gas from the engine and a radiator can be prevented from entering the auxiliary water tank and mixing together with the cooling liquid in the auxiliary water tank.


One of the most significant factors that can alter cell metabolism is the amount of available oxygen in their microenvironment. In case of hypoxia, the lack of oxygen as final acceptor of electrons from respiratory chain, causes changes in activation of signal pathways for production of ATP. Since other effects of hypoxia result in increased production of reactive oxygen species that can damage the cell, signal pathways, that prevent their excessive production are activated as well. Although different pathways can be involved in cell metabolism regulations in hypoxia, most important pathways, that take part in registering lower oxygen availability and changes in metabolism are pathways, which include hypoxia-inducible factor 1.


The main objective was to determine the effect of additions of cactus mucilage (colloquially called cactus slime which on drying produces weddellite and whewellite crystals, calcium oxalates) and/or volcanic ash in masonry mortars made with lime, on the properties as mechanical resistance to compression, tension and bending, and the physical properties such as porosity which,leachates and capillary absorption. The Fagerlünd method was used, on lime mortar specimens according to ASTM standards. Four mortar mixtures were debeloped: with additions and without them, like sample witness. The lime is slaked handcrafted and comes from Piedras de Lumbre Quarry Stone, Zitacuaro, Michoacan, Mexico; the volcanic ash is a mud from Acambaro, Guanajuato, Mexico and the fine aggregate, sand, proceeds from Joyitas Quarry stone in Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. A correlation of the mechanical properties of the four mortar mixes versus its degree of porosity was made. Porosity and absorption were affected by the mucilage and/or ashes addition increasing the mechanical strength; however this was not the aim of the research, since it is not intended that the mortars were rigid, it was intended that they were capable of absorbing deformations of the natural stone masonry. The addition of mucilage and/or ash, did reduce the percentage of total porosity, the cactus mucilage when dried formed crystals of whewellite and wheddellite which filled in the pores of the mortar matrix, and the ash, mud, as it is an igneous extrusive stone, in crypto crystallite form, it presented puzolan activity forming new minerals filling the matrix pores.


Penicillin was administered to two groups of patients either neuroluetics or not, which received by parenteral route, dosages of crystalline penicillin G, that varied from 200,000 to 1.000.000 i. u. There were studied thirteen patients. The Fleming's biological method was employed m the dosages of penicillin. 1 - Dosages of penicillin were found in the liquor of neuroluetics, with the administration of 200,000 i.u. of crystalline penicillin G, by intramuscular or intravenous routes. 2 - The decrease of the renal permeability, delaying the penicillin elimination, keeps higher and more lasting liquor and blood levels. 3 - Rapid antecedence is verified in .the penicillin appearing in the suboccipital liquor relationed to the lumbar one, when500.000 i.u. of crystalline penicillin G are injected either intramuscularly or intravenously. 4 - On the practical point of view, there is no difference in the swiftness of the penicillin appearing in the liquor, injected either intramuscularly or intravenously. Penicillin already appears in the liquor, 20 minutes after the intramuscular or intravenous injections of 500,000 i. u. of crystalline penicillin G dissolved in 1 or 2 ml of distilled water. 5 - The penicillin permanence in the liquor, injected intramuscularly, is significatively more lasting than when injected intravenously. 6 - 500,000 i.u. of crystalline penicillin G, injected intramuscularly, and dissolved in 1 or 2 ml of distilled water gave, at least, in neuroluetics, liquorical levels of 0.06 u. per ml, during 4 hours and blood levels of 0.24 u. per ml for 6 hours. 7 - 1,000,000 i. u. of crystalline penicillin G administered intramuscularly to two patients not neuroluetics, and dissolved in 3 ml of distilled water, accused relatively a little higher liquorical level than with the administration of 500.000 i.u. in other patients also not neuroluetics.


Apart from a minor worm infestation, which was rectified with an anthelmintic drench, there were no disease problems. Calves grew at a satisfactory rate of about 600 g/day with acceptable variability. ILW significantly affected LWG for B calves, but not for T calves. The reverse was anticipated due to the potential competition for milk among T calves. The greater range of ILW in B calves (CV = 14.3%) than in T calves (CV = 9.5%) may have contributed to this unexpected result.


The pharmacology of hexamethonium has been known for a number of years, and its physiologic activities are familiar to those who are concerned with the management of the severely hypertensive patient. Recently the drug has come into wider use, and indications are that it is frequently given to clinical out-patients. In any group of ambulatory patients treated on an out-patient basis there will always be a certain number who, for various reasons, do not receive adequate observation and supervision. For this reason it is of importance that the potency of the drug be fully appreciated. Several interesting cases have recently been observed by the present writers in the Radiology Department of their hospital, illustrating some of the problems and potential hazards encountered with the use of hexamethonium. We are primarily concerned here with the untoward effects on the gastrointestinal tract as demonstrated by roentgenographic and fluoroscopic examination. The early recognition of these side-effects can be of...


Abstract: The effects of asymmetric information are often difficult to detect empirically, such as in insurance settings (Chiappori, Jullien, Salanie and Salanie, 2006). We show that allowing for the possibility of referencedependent preferences can assist with this challenge. Using detailed auto insurance claims data and adopting the methodology of Allen, DeChow, Pope and Wu (2017) which studies reference-dependence in marathon finishing times, we show that policyholders exaggerate their damage claims in a manner consistent with referencedependent moral hazard. Consistent with our theoretical model of reference-dependent claims, we find stronger reference-dependent behavior among policyholders with higher premium levels and low risk policyholders. Also consistent with the model, policyholders are more reference-dependent in their first claims than in subsequent claims, and in the second half of the coverage year compared to the first half. The detected reference point is the amount of the original premium paid in other words, in claiming their accident damages, policyholders seek to claim back the original price of their insurance. We do not find robust patterns in the concentration of insurance claims at round number percentages greater than or less than the full premium amount, such as 90% or 110%, nor at round number nominal amounts. This implies that the unnatural claim behavior is motivated significantly by loss aversion regarding the premium paid rather than merely wanting to increase one's claims more generally. Since damage claims can only be this precisely manipulated by the policy holder after an accident, the findings can be attributed primarily to ex-post moral hazard but not adverse selection or ex-ante moral hazard. Furthermore, the pattern exists only for individually-held policies but not corporate-held policies, which is consistent with a reference point in individual utility. Our study illustrates the potential of behavioral economics frameworks in assisting with identification challenges for classical economic problems.


Node placement is one of the fundamental issues that affects the performance of coverage and connectivity in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In a large scale WSN, sensor nodes are deployed randomly where they are scattered too close or far apart from each other. This random deployment causes issues such as coverage hole,
overlapping and connectivity failure that contributes to the performance of coverage and connectivity of WSN. Therefore, node placement model is develop to find the optimal node placement in order to maintain the coverage and guaranteed the connectivity in random deployment. The performance of Extended Virtual Force-Based Algorithm (EVFA) and Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm are evaluated and EVFA shows the improvement of coverage area and exhibits a guaranteed connectivity compared to CS algorithm. Both algorithms have their own strength in improving the coverage performance. The EVFA approach can relocate the sensor
nodes using a repulsive and attractive force after initial deployment and CS algorithm is more efficient in exploring the search of maximum coverage area in random deployment. This study proposed Extended Virtual Force and Cuckoo Search (EVFCS) algorithm with a combination of EVFA and CS algorithm to find
an optimal node placement. A series of experimental studies on evaluation of proposed algorithm were conducted within simulated environment. In EVFCS, the algorithm searches the best value of threshold distance and relocated the new position of sensor nodes. The result suggested 18.212m is the best threshold distance that maximizes the coverage area. It also minimizes the problems of coverage hole
and overlapping while guaranteeing a reasonable connectivity quality. It proved that the proposed EVFCS outperforms the EVFA approach and achieved a significant improvement in coverage area and guaranteed connectivity. The implementation of the EVFCS improved the problems of initial random deployment.