Livestock has first entered scale development phase in China's agricultural industries.Based on provincial panel data,this article uses FGLS method to investigate influential factors of intensification in pig production.The results show that technical progress,scale economies effect,the scale of feed processing industry,pork consumption,traffic conditions,transfer of agricultural labor force,education level of labor,as well as support policies for pig production have significant impacts on pig formalization cultivation level.We further use regression-based decomposition method to measure the contribution of each factor and find that large-scale development depends primarily on the pull of market,traffic conditions,education level of the labor force,and the push of policy.


A variety of sensitivity climatologies of Mediterranean intense cyclones have been recently built owing to the growing international interest in contributing to the basic understanding and the short‐range forecasting of high‐impact weather events. The verification of these climatologies is essential to ensure the reliability of the sensitivity products and ultimately provide robust guidance to policy‐makers on plans to redefine routine observational strategies. This work tackles the arduous task of verifying the available (an adjoint‐based and two different ensemble‐based) sensitivity climatologies of Mediterranean intense cyclones. We perform Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) with the WRF ARW model for 25 of the most intense Mediterranean cyclones detected in the ERA‐40 database to test the ability of each method in identifying areas where perturbations in the initial conditions derived from the sensitivity fields lead to a greater impact on the forecast of intense cyclones. For the sake of a sensible reference, the performance of the available sensitivity climatologies is tested against the judgement of an experienced severe weather meteorologist. In addition, a control measure of the background random response is also carried out. The impact on the prediction of intense Mediterranean cyclones of prescribed perturbations to the initial conditions is evaluated comparing each perturbed experiment with a control simulation. Furthermore, a quantitative study of the linearity of the evolution of the perturbations is performed using twin perturbations. Results confirm a statistically significant superior skill of the human and adjoint sensitivity fields against both ensemble sensitivity climatologies. Climatological ensemble sensitivities only show a noticeable improvement upon non‐sensitivity experiments when an ad hoc classification of cyclones is used. This reveals one fundamental limitation of the ensemble sensitivity technique in climatological mode when it is applied to rare events insufficiently sampled in the available datasets. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society


A 33-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia for 7 years was treated with sulpiride at the daily dose of 0.64 ± SD0.24 g. After one month of medication frequent yawns took place,sometimes incessantly. It was not relieved by reducing the dosage nor by suggestion therapy, but disappeared when sulpiride was withdrawn.This special reaction seemed to be different from extrapyram-idal side effect or tardive dyskinesia.


The possibility of using low-frequency transmission-range method for detection of fish schools considered. We analyze the theoretical assumption about the nature of the interaction of a weak low-frequency signal with environment irregularities around a fish school, as a result of which there is a phase modulation of the received signal as an information sign.


The Digitally Enabled Business Clinic (DEBC) builds on the success of Northumbria University's Business Clinic (BC). The DEBC enables businesses to engage with university students and access free business consultancy, providing the latest knowledge from a range of disciplines and leading to positive business outcomes. We have created, tested and evaluated a digitally enabled model of the BC, which could enable the highly successful BC approach to be implemented quickly and cost-effectively by other universities. Findings revealed clients valued the average consultancy project at £5,174, moreover these projects enhanced business productivity, and stimulated technology and modern business practice adoption. The project also tested the viability of using
digital marketing to attract low to mid productivity SMEs to our free consultancy services. The project reached 47 SMEs of low to medium productivity, providing an opportunity to tap into the perspective of 'young eyes' from our motivated and innovative Business School students. The DEBC provides a cross-functional range of advice (including digital marketing, finance, strategic management) through digital media and tools, removing the need for costly physical
infrastructure. What made this project innovative is that we tested an alternative digitally-enabled model, which could be quickly scaled up. The project was used to determine whether the DEBC concept is a cost-effective way for SMEs to interact with a local university, gain pro-bono neutral advice, access state of the art knowledge and have the added value of the younger generation perspective. We monitored the reach, uptake and impact on business outcomes. This 'how to' guide for implementing a DEBC provides a step by step roadmap for the formation of DEBCs in other regions. The UK industrial strategy aims to support universities and businesses working together to innovate. Rolling out a network of DEBCs would be an innovative mechanism enabling UK businesses to easily connect with and benefit from existing technologies, new knowledge, insights and fresh perspectives of university business schools.


ATOVS data make up for the conventional observations in some areas with scarce stations,and can particularly provide the temperature and humidity data under the condition with cloud for precipitation forecast by model.In order to examine the application and capacity of T213-SSI system and evaluate the impact of ATOVS data on numerical forecast of heavy rainfall in China,the T213-SSI system is used to assimilate ATOVS data from NOAA16,17 satellites.Then a heavy rainfall event during July 7 to 9,2007 over the Huaihe River Basin is simulated with different assimilation schemes in order to compare and analyze the results of assimilation and simulation.The main conclusions to be drawn are as follows:after AMSU data being added into the T213L31 model,the forecast of precipitation is more exact,especially the intensity of precipitation.By continuous assimilation,temperature fields and humidity fields are improved obviously. After eliminating AMSU-A terrestrial channel data,the simulating effect is better than assimilating completely on the location and the intensity of the heavy rainfall centre.Especially,the synoptic situation, the temperature,humidity and wind fields are improved much closer to the real states compared with the assimilating AMSU-A terrestrial channel data.


Ecological environments in aboriginal and other distributed areas of Angelica dahurica (Fisch) Benth et Hook ver. formosona(Boiss) Shan et Yuan are investigated and compared to. reveal the effects of eco-environment on its yield and quality. It is concluded that the eco-environmental requirements for its normal growth include warm climate,plenty precipitation·sufficient solar radiation, plain topography, high underground water level,deep and loose soil with rich nutrients and high water-nutrient conservation ability.etc.


Requirements engineering is vital for a software development project's success or failure. As today's software systems are getting more and more complex, their related requirements specifications contain often hundreds, even thousands of natural language requirements. The so called behavior engineering developed by Geoff Dromey is suitable to handle the complexity of large-scale software requirements specification by relying on a scalable requirements formalization methodology. The outcome of that methodology is a requirements model in the behavior tree notation, describing the intended, externally visible behavior of the system. By deliberately extending the behavior engineering methodology with testing activities, those requirements models can be further exploited for testing purposes like system and acceptance level testing. This also addresses the common challenge in model-based testing scenarios, namely the availability of a meaningful test model. By reusing a testable requirements model, both the system and test model can be derived from the same specification, since all requirements are intended to be captured in the requirements model properly and consistently. In this paper, we present an approach of how behavior trees can be extended with testing activities to leverage the definition of test requirements. We also briefly discuss how augmenting test-related information to make the requirements model more complete in terms of the IEEE830 standard.


Abstract The corrosion of the UAlx-Al research reactor fuel type in synthetic MgCl2-rich brine (static batch-type experiments) was investigated with respect to the long-term safety of directly disposed research reactor fuel elements in salt formations. During corrosion, crystalline secondary phases were formed, which may serve as a barrier against radionuclide migration. For an optimized identification and quantification of the secondary phases using X-ray diffraction, a sample treatment to separate and enrich the secondary phases is necessary. A grain size fractionation was carried out in iso-propanol. A chemical composition and phase characterization of the secondary phases was accomplished. The results of the chemical investigations reveal that only traces of Al and U were dissolved. The separation and enrichment of secondary phases were carried out reproducible and successfully. Due to the phase characterization by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction the following secondary phases were unambiguously identified: Mg-Al-Cl layered double hydroxide, lesukite, Fe layered double hydroxide (green rust), lawrencite, Fe (elemental), and traces of uncorroded fuel (UAl4). The quantitative analysis showed that LDH compounds and lesukite are the major crystalline phases. All other observed compounds were only present in trace amounts, i.e. constituting accessories. The Rietveld analysis also revealed the high content of amorphous phases of approximately 30%, which are expected to include the uranium as U(OH)4.


The authors demonstrate an over 1500 km transmission experiment employing WDM technique and optical amplifiers. Four 591.2 Mbit/s IM-DD channels were transmitted through 22 cascaded erbium-doped fibre optical amplifiers. The result shows the possibility of long distance multichannel optical communication systems.


Objective To investgate the clinical and gastroscopical characteristics and early diagnosis method of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura(HSP).Methods The 42 cases with HSP treated from January 2005 to June 2009 were retrospectively analysed clinical manifestations and deta of gastroscope.Results The 42 cases experienced abdominal pain,18 patients had digestive tract bleeding.Gastroscopic features included diffused congestion and edema of gastrointestinal mucosa.widespread hemorrhagic spots.erosion and ulceration.Lesions were relatively severer in stomach and duodenum.Conclusion Gastroscopic findings are very help to the early diagnosis of HSP.


Irradiation tests were performed on Haynes Stellite Alloy 25 and Inconel- X springs irradiated in the compressed condition in an in-pile high-temperature water loop. The loop was operated at 560 a 600 deg F and the springs of both materials received integrated fluxes of 5.9 x lO/sup 18/ and 4.2 x 10/sup 19/ mvt fast, respectively. Postirradiation testing and examinations revealed no serious deleterious effects resulting from these exposures. It was found the spring constant increased 5 to 8% after exposure and the free length decreased 2 to 3%. (auth)


Per square kilometer, the Amazon Basin has always been inhabited by a very modest number of practicing archaeologists. As a result, Amazonian archaeology has resembled an arena where theoretical machines are built and pitted against one another, with the interpretation of the region as a prize. That state of affairs is fading away in the face of books like this one, which present the results of long-term research in preColumbian landscapes. This book is part of a new phase in Amazonian cultural geography and anthropology, and shows that the field is branching and spreading. The extant native peoples of Amazonia have been a staple of ethnographic research for decades. More recently, archeologists and geographers have begun to uncover their antecedents, especially their landscape modifications. Researchers are meeting and connecting across national boundaries, and the number of archaeologists and geographers in the field seems be doubling every decade. Perhaps after a few more doublings, the Amazon will take its place with other parts of the Americas and of the tropics as a source of comparison and analogy.


Introduction Flows that are stably-stratified or are rotating have certain distinct characteristics which, unlike many flows, vary greatly in their form depending on how the flows are initiated. The characteristics also change as the flows move towards their respective equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium states. The initial effects of rotational and buoyancy forces with time scales 1/ f 0 and 1/ N 0 , respectively, are to produce internal waves on those time scales and hence to exchange energy between distant points in the flow leading to significant changes in the form of the imposed flow. Here N 0 is the Brunt-Vaisala wave frequency and f 0 = 2Ω 0 is the Coriolis parameter. The significance of the wave motion depends on the relative magnitude of the flow's time scale, T , to the rotational and buoyancy time scales. The length scales L and geometric shape (especially the ratio of the vertical to horizontal scale, H/L ) of the initial disturbances are equally significant in determining the anisotropic form of the wave motion and the orientation of the constrained equilibrium forms, such as the 'Taylor' columns parallel to the rotation axis in rotation-dominated regimes, or the horizontal 'pancakes' or fronts characteristic of strong stable stratification in stratification-dominated regimes with rotation.


Graph neural network have achieved great success in session-based recommendation. Recently, some works have achieved improvement by incorporating income and outcome adjacent matrices to generate global and local preferences, and directly model the two preferences to build session representation. However, firstly, we observe that the income matrix and outcome matrix of a session have no strong relevance, and their concatenation may introduce noise for building two preferences. Secondly, we find the global and local preferences can benefit from each other, and collaborative information from neighborhood sessions may help to improve recommendation performance. Therefore, we propose a session-based recommendation with preference interaction from separate income adjacent matrix and outcome adjacent matrix framework, which includes two parallel modules: An Income Session Representation Encoder (ISE) and an Outcome Session Representation En-coder (OSE). A fusion gating mechanism is introduced to balance the importance of session representations resulting from ISE and OSE. The experimental results show that our model obviously outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on Yoochoose and Diginetica datasets.


Inspection Type InspectionId Time In Last Edited 4839 2021-04-23 09:45AM 2021-05-03 01:32PM ELECTRICAL Asset Data Question Answer Have any Systems/Major Building Components been upgraded? Systems: All Electrical Systems and Components Years: 2016 Below Ground Type of Service Does Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Exist? Yes No Water Penetration In Electrical Room? DEDICATED INTERCOMS IN FIRE RESCUE AREAS Question Response Are there any Life Rescue Assistance Areas, Fire Rescue Areas, and/or Holding Rooms in your building? No


In this article, the author reviews studies on the neuroanatomical underpinnings of temporal structure in music . Music's temporal structure has been studied using all the tools available to modern cognitive neu- roscience, including genetic models, neuroimaging, mathematical models, and lesion studies. Regions of the brain that attend to and track ongoing temporal structure in music are bilateral, unlike those that subserve temporal structure in speech, which are pre- dominantly left-lateralized. Musical structure pro- cessing appears to recruit networks in the prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, superior temporal poles, and cerebellum (including the cerebellar vermis). When the music is emotionally meaningful, activity extends to the ventral tagmental area, the nucleus accumbens, and the hypothalamus. The author concludes with a discussion of what remains to be addressed in this rapidly growing field as well as the challenges to be faced.


An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of effective microorganisms( EM) solution diluted 500 times on the growth of 1-year-old container seedlings of three tree species,Phoebe zhennan,Sapindus mukorossi and Michelia macclurei. Treatments included control( CK),foliar topdressing( L_EM),substrate topdressing( R_EM),combination foliar and substrate topdressing( L + R)_EM. The end of July to end of August,the fast growth in seedling height was observed. With respect to rapid growth in ground diameter,early September was for S. mukorossi and mid-September was for both P. zhennan and M. macclurei. Application of EM could regulate the growth both plant height and ground diameter compared with CK. Before the rapid growth period in plant height,the average height growth rate of M. macclurei,P. zhennan and S. mukorossi respectively increased by13. 3%,3. 9% and 24. 8% in the R_EM treatment,and respectively increased by 21. 7%,25. 6% and 33. 1% in the( L + R)_EM compared to CK. During the rapid growth period,the average height growth rate of the three spe-cies was increased by 1. 1%- 8. 8% in R_EM and( L + R)_EM compared to CK. The period of rapid growth in ground diameter was not affected by L_EM for the three species,whereas the process was in advance in R_EM for P. zhennan and M. macclurei except,S. mukorossi. The ratio of height to diameter( HDR) decreased in R_EM and( R + L)_EM compared to CK. At the end of experiment,HDR of M. macclurei,P. zhennan and S. mukorossi decreased by 7. 00%,4. 20% and 5. 60%,respectively in( L + R)_EM. Application of EM could promote root growth of all species. Compared with the control,the increases of the parameters of roots such as root volume and root weight were observed in L_EM,R_EM and( L + R)_EM: root volume increased by 16. 04%,40. 74% and80. 74%. The volume of lateral roots was increased by 24. 90%,51. 36% and 100. 03%,respectively. Root fresh weight was increased by 20. 00%,35. 80% and 75. 99%,respectively. Root dry weight was increased by 6. 19%,28. 45% and 66. 19%. In addition,the dry weight ratio of root to stem in L_EM,R_EM and( L + R)_EM compared to CK was increased by 13. 85%,21. 91% and 39. 40%,respectively. As a result,it was significance for improving the quality of 1-year-old container seedlings using EM solution diluted 500 times to substrate topdressing.


A light source module, a light source in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; And an optical element having a second surface for emitting the light incident on the first surface and the incident surface having an incident surface on which light is incident on the light source to the outside, the incident surface has a center through the optical axis, wherein claim is depressed toward the second surface extending from the edge of the first surface and the first curved surface having a concave curved surface and a second surface having a convex curved surface connected to the first surface, the first surface and the second surface It may have an inflection point in the meeting.


In the abstract the results of transfer coefficient calculations of active antenna subarray of GURT radio telescope for all possible scan directions are presented. Also these results are supplied by measurements of signal changing with beam switching at subarray of GURT radio telescope which prove the correctness of the computations. The presented results could be useful for designing of new active antenna arrays and interpreting data obtained at present antenna arrays.


Electrical properties of a wide range of Hf-based gate stacks were investigated using several modifications of a standard planar CMOS process flow to address the effects of transistor processing on the electrical properties of the high-k dielectrics. Characteristics of the short channel transistors were shown to be very sensitive to the fabrication process specifics - process sequence, tools, and recipes. It was concluded that, contrary to SiO/sub 2/, the high-k films could be contaminated with reactive species during the post-gate definition fabrication steps, resulting in the formation of local charge centers. Such process-induced charging (PIC) degrades transistor performance and complicates evaluation of the intrinsic properties of high-k dielectrics. A process scheme that minimizes PIC is discussed.


Autosomal-dominant SCAs are a clinically, genetically, and pathologically heterogeneous group of degenerative disorders, mainly affecting the cerebellum and its connections. Although most commonly characterized by progressive cerebellar symptoms, a plethora of so-called nonataxia features may develop and become a diagnostic challenger. SCA2 is caused by an abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) gene, located on chromosome 12 (12q24.1). Normal CAG alleles range from 15 to 32 repeats. The disease usually presents with adult-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus, slow saccadic eye movements, and peripheral neuropathy. Childhood onset is uncommon and is frequently associated with larger triplet expansions (>100 repeats) and presents with multisystem involvement beyond the aforementioned neurologic symptoms, such as developmental delay, hypotonia, pigmentary retinopathy, seizures, dysphagia, and early death. Herein, we describe a patient with neonatal-onset SCA2 that presented with choreic movements and dystonia with dystonic jerks, retinitis, seizures, and hypotonia as prominent clinical features instead of ataxia, resembling a global encephalopathy.


Experiments reveal that while dispersed nanometer-sized vanadium carbides can greatly increase the yield strength of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, they may cause some reduction of the overall work-hardening rate. A modified physically based model is adopted in the present work to capture the effect of nanometer-sized vanadium carbides on the work-hardening rate of a laboratory FeMnC austenitic TWIP grade. It is found that the introduction of the dispersed nanometer-sized carbides leads to a faster dislocation accumulation rate but reduces the rate of twin formation with strain during plastic deformation. Compared to a reference alloy without precipitates the work-hardening rate is higher at small strains but decreases faster than the reference thus presenting a lower work-hardening rate at high strains.


Males of seven species of Odonata were studied at a small pool (3.25 m2) in the grounds of the University of Ife. Each species had its characteristic time of arrival at the pool; those arriving early stayed late, and those arriving late left early.

The territories held by the males can be divided into two categories-, "perch and patrol" and "continuous short term aerial". With the perchers and patrollers it is possible to distinguish a patrol area and a somewhat larger defended area. Forms with red bodies (Trithemis and Crocothemis) defended larger areas than the blue bodied Orthetrum microstigma. This last species showed variation in the size of territory with the number of males present.

No feeding activities were seen in the territories, which appeared to be held only for reproductive purposes. Although there was much intraspecific interaction over the pool there was little or no interspecific interaction, and the territories of different species overlapped considerably in space and time.


Abstract : A sanded version of expansive BCT 1-FF nonsalt grout was developed for use in the 1984 Terra Tek test in Salt Lake City, Utah, For that reason this grout is also known as TT84. Ability to maintain workability (flow) over a 2-hr time period was required in addition to adequate strength, adequate expansion, and low permeability of the hardened material. Laboratory testing also included sealing and exposure to elevated temperature as variables for expansion testing; permeability testing of a combined grout-anhydrite specimen to evaluate this contact surface was also done. Since the test specimen did not perform as well as expected in the Terra Tek test, a fragment of that grout was also examined in the laboratory. All test data generated at WES were satisfactory for this grout. Concern was raised about whether in field use the compressed wall rock will elastically deform so as to accommodate slight contraction of the expansion grout mixture that will probably occur due to cooling after the rise in temperature due to heat of hydration or shrinkage due to drying or both in an actual field installation. It was recommended that periodic monitoring for expansion be continued and should be started to follow changes, if any, in phase composition and microstructure of the grout with time. Keywords: nuclear wastes; tables(data).


Laser imagers, operating at long ranges, have recently become of interest for both military and civilian applications. Systems using large optics and powerful sources are expensive to build and test, and so the image signal to noise and resolution performance should be investigated analytically before testing. However, in many cases, a simulation may provide a better idea of the actual performance. The simulation described here is for a monostatic laser-illuminator angle-angle imager, which is essentially a flash camera. Important phenomena which are modeled include surface reflectivity and glints, diffraction, photon noise, detector noise, and detector size. Laser speckle and illumination beam profiles have not been incorporated into this model. The images resulting from a simulation can additionally answer the question, "What do we do with the image after we get it?", which cannot be addressed by signal to noise or resolution calculations. The model was developed and can be used on an IBM PC, without any special purpose hard-ware designed specifically for image processing.


As the notion of flexible working hours, which frequently is accepted as a criterion associated and identified with the post-industrialized societies, has penetrated and been adopted by the Turkish labor force as well, the issue of women working in densely urban areas being subjected to unsecured labor practices is gaining prevalence. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and document the perception of women who work in the service industry of the above-mentioned societies by their male counterparts who participate in the same sector. To that end, in-depth interviews were conducted with twenty white-collar male employees in Turkey. The findings hence obtained suggest that, especially in those businesses where flexible hours and working space is demanded, the women are looked down upon by their male counterparts. The interviewed men perceive and prioritize the primary space and responsibilities of women as those confined to the traditional boundaries of home and family. As a consequence, rather than being accepted as a legitimate player of the work force with flexible hours, women are frequently trapped into their traditional role of a homemaker and whereby are, in effect, even further excluded from the labor force.


A even object changes into various shapes, for detecting the shape of an object on an image with high precision. The present invention provides a site point detecting device 1 for detecting the site point of the object from the image, the reference point specifying unit 23 for specifying a reference point for the site point on the image, for each of a plurality of sampling points relative to the reference point, extracting a feature quantity from a pixel or group of pixels of the sampling points, a plurality of respectively corresponding to each sampling point extracted composed of the feature quantity, the feature quantity extraction section 26 for extracting a feature amount group with respect to the reference point, a plurality of Referring the feature amount group with respect to the reference points extracted from each pixel or each pixel group of the sampling points, the LRF function indicating a correspondence relationship between the position information indicating the relative position of the site point relative to the reference point, the feature extraction unit 26 and the position information specifying unit 29 for specifying the position information corresponding to the extracted feature quantity groups, sites point to a position indicated by the position information by the position information identifying unit 29 identifies a site point of object identification And a 30. .FIELD 1


The life difinition form of the death, it is the authors of new period writing to pursue the death' value and indurstural factors. It is made of four parts.The mournful form of the death;The culture thinking based on the sacrifical altar of inifation;The telling of humanity losted in the shadow of death;The signifiant narrate come into the innate state.


A method of providing a user access to data files distributed in a plurality of different types of user devices (10) is described. According to the method, a copy of data files stored locally at each user device (10) is received at a server via a respective network communication link (20, 62). Index information (220) is generated based on the received data files. The index information (220) facilitates performing a search operation (710) using user-provided search information (210) to select any of the data files (780). If a selected data file (780) from the search operation (710) is not stored locally at a desired user device (10), a copy of the selected data file is sent from the server (60) via the respective network communication link (20, 62) to provide the user access to the selected data file at the desired user device (10).


Bird song is used to defend territories and attract mates and tends to make the singer conspicuous. Singing on the nest (SOTN) has been mentioned since 1904 but has remained largely unexplored. Thi...


OBJECTIVE To understand the effect of intern training in hand hygiene practice.METHODS The hospital infection management knowledge and hand hygiene practices of the interns were examined the hospital infection full-time staff by about the six-step operation of hand washing.RESULTS From examinations of 146 interns,119 were eligible,with the pass rate of 81.51%,including 84.48% of the nurses,72.27% of the doctors,62.50% of the medical technicians,the pass rate of in-service nurses was significantly higher than that of the interns.CONCLUSION In order to improve the examination pass rate about hand hygiene among interns,only one pre-service training fails to fully understanding.Schools should increase the knowledge education about the hospital infection management,and the hospitals should improve the implementation rate and compliance of hand disinfection and adopt various trainings.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: method involves making through-holes in the printed-circuit board and the bearing structure, aligning the obtained holes, mechanical connection of the printed-circuit board and the bearing structure using a fastening element inserted into the hole and electrical connection of one current-conducting layer of the printed-circuit board to a current-conducting layer of the bearing structure using a fastening element. The fastening element is current-conducting. The bearing structure is in form of a dielectric base with two opposite current-conducting layers on it. Electrical connection of the current-conducting layer of the bearing structure and the current-conducting layer of the printed-circuit board facing each other is provided by pressing their surfaces. The fastening element used is a pop-rivet. EFFECT: high reliability of electrical connection, reduced weight of the unit obtained by connecting the printed-circuit board to the bearing structure, fewer process operations and easier connection. 15 cl, 8 dwg


Advertising culture is subordinated to commercial culture,one's own and including culture of the goods and marketing culture.The advertising activity is not merely a kind of economic activity,whether or a kind of cultural exchanges.The cultural factor has a deep impact on advertising intention,at the same time,in the era of knowledge-driven economy,with the high-speed development of the information technology and wide application of Internet, the advertisement has produced certain interdynamic to culture.


The pasturage structure and forage yield were measured and analysed in Sizhai pasture in 1997-2000. The results showed that the kinds, height,cover degree of pasturage increased obvionsly in the native pasture closed with feed-lot than in the no-closed pasture.The forage yield of the closed pasture increased 68.4% .


This study accompanies the initial public release of the software for ARORA, or A Realistic Open environment for Rapid Agent training, and marks a high point of several years of work for the mature and completely open ARORA simulator. The purpose of ARORA is to support the training of an autonomous agent for tasks associated with a large-scale and geospecific outdoor urban environment, including the task of navigation as a car. The study elaborates on the simulator's architecture, agent, and environment. For the environment, ARORA provides an improvement on similar simulators through an unconstrained geospecific environment with detailed semantic annotation. The agent is represented as a car available with four different options of physics fidelity. The agent also has sensors available: a pose sensor, a camera sensor, and a set of three proximity sensors. Future use cases from training extend to both civilians and militaries (including human training and wargaming), in terms of training autonomous agents in outdoor urban environments. The study also presents a brief description of NavSim, a Python-based companion tool. The purpose of NavSim is to connect to ARORA (or any other similar simulator) and train an agent using reinforcement-learning algorithms. The study also provides challenges in development and subsequent work-arounds and solutions. The goal of the ARORA & NavSim system is to provide communities with a high-fidelity, publicly available, free, and open-source system for training an autonomous agent as a car.


Short account of the central position of sheep in the Greek and Roman coinage, particularly rams in the language and in the pre-coinage forms as aspect of religiosity and element of sacrifices, with some examples taken from the archaic, classical and Hellenistic Greek coinage, through Roman Republican denarii to Roman Imperial and Provincial issues (as Cyrene or Antinous).


The aim of this report was to to build phylogenies using bird egg data, because egg data are available for a larger range of species than molecular data, it is cheaper to collect egg data than molecular data, moreover, building trees using egg data provide verification of molecular phylogenies. We used egg morphological data from the collections of zoological museums in Ukraine and Russia. Two models of egg geometry were used: composite ovoid and polynomial. For the first model we used seven indices of description of eggs, including the traditional elongation index as well as six original indices: index of infundibular (blunt) area, index of lateral area, index of local area, index of asymmetry, Equatorial index, and index of complimentary. All the necessary parameters were obtained from the digital pictures of eggs, processed by original computer software in accordance with suggested schemes. Using Falconiformes species as a case study, we found that measures of egg geometry gave important phylogenetic information: egg parameters clearly separated Falconiformes species from Gaviiformes, Pelicanidae, and Podicepediformes. We proposed usage of the morphological parameters of eggs as additional information in bird systematics. Key words: birds, eggs, systematic, geometrical parameters.


BACKGROUND
The internal mammary artery (IMA) is routinely used as an arterial graft for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with an excellent long-term patency rate, but its protective mechanism is unclear.

AIMS
Our study evaluates the differences of several genes' expression in perivascular fat from internal mammary artery (PVAT-IMA) vs. other fat depots in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODS
Fifty-three patients (13 females) with severe CAD and preserved left ventricle ejection fraction were scheduled for CABG. Clinical assessment, anthropometric parameters and quantification of fat depots were performed in all patients. The relative expression of the following genes were obtained in PVAT-IMA, epicardial (EF), pericardial (PF) and subcutaneous (SF) fat samples: Angiotensinogen (AGT), Glucagon-Like-Peptide Receptors (GLP-1R and GLP-2R), Phospholipid Transfer Protein (PLTP), Adiponectin, Omentin-1 and Uncoupling Protein-1 (UCP-1).

RESULTS
The UCP-1 [2.5 (0.91 - 16.6); P < 0.01] and AGT [2.22 (0.65 - 6.2); P < 0.01] expression were significantly higher in PVAT-IMA and adiponectin [0.32 (0.08 - 1.63); P < 0.01] and GLP - 2R [0.37 (0.05 - 1.55); P < 0.01] were lower compared to SF depot. The expression of genes in PVAT-IMA vs. EF was significantly increased omentin-1 in PVAT-IMA (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The PVAT-IMA reveals differences in expression of selected genes in relation to SF. We found a significantly higher expression of omentin-1 in PVAT-IMA compared to other adipose tissue depots, which could be associated with protective mechanisms against atherosclerosis in IMA. However, it should be a subject for further studies.


As a consequence of the progressive evolution of smart grid functionality, distribution systems are transitioning towards more active network management and are therefore posing significant challenges to the transmission system operators. The conventional approach of planning and operating the transmission and distribution systems, as virtually separate entities with limited coordination, will no longer be applicable in the near future. In this paper, a strategy has been proposed for the operational planning procedure to adapt the dynamic distribution system equivalents. The strategy has been demonstrated using a fully detailed offline model of the complete transmission system of Great Britain as operated by National Grid. The proposed system modelling approach, with limited but robust visibility of the relevant systems, needs to be supported by revising and refining the business framework that will enable higher levels of Transmission System Operator - Distribution System Operator interaction.


Coming along with the increasingly complicated operation environment and the information age, the "pyramidal"organization structure can't meet with the need of Chinese travel agencies' development to some extent. Analyzing the disdvantages of the "pyramidal"organization structure, this article draws up an assumption on constructing the nettled organization structure in Chinese travel agencies and emphatically disusses the features and advantages of the netted organization structure compared with the "pyramidal"organization structure.


This publication presents methods for face detection, analysis and recognition: fast normalized cross-correlation (fast correlation coefficient) between multiple templates based face pre-detection method, method for detection of exact face contour based on snakes and Generalized Gradient Vector Flow field, method for combining recognition algorithms based on Cumulative Match Characteristics in order to increase recognition speed and accuracy, and face recognition method based on Principal Component Analysis of the Wavelet Packet Decomposition allowing to use PCA - based recognition method with large number of training images. For all the methods are presented experimental results and comparisons of speed and accuracy with large face databases.


The inelastic x-ray scattering technique has been used to study the excitation mechanism of atomic helium in this work. The squares of the form factor for the single excitations of 1s2 → 1snl (n ⩽ 6) of helium have been determined by the high resolution (70 meV) inelastic x-ray scattering. The present squares of the form factor measured by inelastic x-ray scattering provide an independent cross-check to the ones measured by high-energy electron energy loss spectroscopy. It is found that the squares of the form factor for the single excitations of 1s2 → 1snl (n ⩽ 6) of helium measured by inelastic x-ray scattering are in excellent agreement with the ones measured by high-energy electron energy loss spectroscopy, which confirms the quality of these two experimental methods. The excellent agreement of the present measurements with the theoretical calculations also gives a rigorous test of the theoretical method. This work demonstrates that inelastic x-ray scattering is a powerful tool to study the excitation mechanism in atomic or molecular systems at the third-generation synchrotron radiation light source.


That's why some campus-safety experts say colleges must better prepare those who do not wear badges. In April the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators published "The IACLEA Blueprint for Safer Campuses," in response to the Virginia Tech incident. The group recommended that colleges train students and faculty and staff members in how to respond to such emergencies. Among the training methods it recommends are residence-life programs, orientation sessions, and print and digital materials.


Although there is an increasing consensus within the research community that entrepreneurship should be perceived as an organising process involving many, little attention has been paid to the genuinely collective features of entrepreneurship. Here entrepreneurship is presented as a phenomenon that is as much the outcome of a joint effort as an individual endeavour. Different images of collective entrepreneurship are introduced and categorised. Theoretical implications include reconsideration of what unit of analysis to focus when researching entrepreneurship. The conclusive lesson for practitioners is that measures should encourage self-organising of entrepreneurial activity by supporting contexts and networking rather than individual ventures. A Tale of Two Twin and Contrasting Organisations At the advent of those times that were to make Sweden into an important IT nation, two firms were born the same year with the same vision: to provide small businesses with inexpensive administrative software. The two firms both over the years grew to successful medium-sized business and at the beginning of the new millennium they both organised about 400 people. 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at RENT XII, Lyon, France. 26-27 November l998.


A general scheme to seek for the relations between entanglement and bservables is proposed in principle. In two-qubit systems with enough general Hamiltonian, we find the entanglement to be the functions of observables for six kinds of chosen state sets and verify how these functions be invariant with time evolution. Moreover, we demonstrate and illustrate the cases with entanglement versus a set of commutable observables under eight kinds of given initial states. Our conclusions show how entanglement become observable even measurable by experiment, and they are helpful for understanding of the nature of entanglement in physics.


The invention relates to a shaping device for quantitatively feeding down feather, which comprises a leveling mechanism (1), an evenly fluffing mechanism (2), a down feather feeding mechanism (3) and a fixed mechanism (4). A fixed frame of the fixed mechanism (4) is a trilateral frame provided with a rightward opening, and the leveling mechanism (1), the evenly fluffing mechanism (2) and the downfeather feeding mechanism (3) are connected to a fixed block of the fixed frame (4) in sequence from left to right. The method comprises the following steps: the leveling mechanism (1) delivers down feather with set thickness and square meter quality to the evenly fluffing mechanism (2); the evenly fluffing mechanism (2) fluffs the down feather with set thickness and square meter mass into the down feather feeding mechanism (3) according to inclination; and the down feather feeding mechanism (3) quantitatively feeds down feather according to the set thickness and square meter mass. The methodfor quantitatively feeding down feather has high control precision and high feeding efficiency.


Ciwidey Valley Resort which is Tirta Tourism located in Ciwidey Tourism Area Precisely on KM.17 Road Barununggal Rancabali Bandung Regency, West Java is an artificial Tourism Area built in 2015 provides complete facilities for tourists who want to visit tourist locations including water warm water park, play ground, unique lodging, camping ground and ciwidey valley restaurant.The aim of this research is to find out how to develop Ciwidey Valley attractions in an effort to increase tourist visits that have an impact on Ciwidey Valley managers' income and regional budget revenues.The methods used by researchers in this study include descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. Researchers use the development model according to Syamsu (2011) While the data collection techniques that the authors use in this study are the study of literature / documentation, observation, and interviews. Whereas the data validity technique uses triangulation.The initial step taken is to analyze the internal and external environment to find out how the service efforts provided in carrying out services and processes in carrying out tasks in the implementation of work processes. After that researchers also analyzed by interviewing with informants who have been determined previously to find out how the service and how the process of service provided by all workers in Ciwidey Valley Resort to visitorsThis research can be concluded by the researchers, that in an effort to increase the number of tourist arrivals by developing several tourist attractions supported by improving services but not all are optimal.


Objective:  to identify the epidemiological profile newborns´ mothers hospitalized in a public neonatal unit.  Methods:  this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study of 57 mothers and 58 infants who were admitted to the neonatal unit.  Results:  it was observed that most of the women had unfavorable sociodemographic conditions, had intercurrences during pregnancy and although most of them had performed the recommended number of prenatal consultations, the hospitalization of the newborn in a specialized unit leads to questioning the quality of this care.  Conclusion:  a risk profile for admission of newborns in a specialized unit was identified, since most of the women had unfavorable sociodemographic conditions and presented intercurrences during pregnancy.


Abstract : The H2 dissociation laser buffered with argon using electron beam excitation is considered. The argon buffer greatly increases the light output from the upper laser level, compared with pure hydrogen. It does this by absorbing much more of the electron beam energy, and by transferring it more efficiently to the upper laser level. Upper laser level densities of 3 x 10 to the 13th power per cc are experimentally obtained. This should be sufficient for practical gain if auxiliary loss processes such as photoionization absorption do not cancel the gain. This problem has not yet been determined. If these adsorption processes are within estimated bounds, an energy density of approximately 5 joules per liter, over a pulse time of about 10 nsec, at an efficiency of about 10 percent for tunable radiation in the 0.4- to 0.6- micrometer wavelength range is predicted. (Author)


Background: Phimosis is a common indication for circumcision. The finding of a trapped penis with significant penile abscess collection and urinary retention in a male infant following circumcision at home is indeed a rare occurrence. Case History: A 18 months old male child was rushed to the Children's emergency unit with acute urinary retention, grossly swollen and trapped penis. There was a preceeding history of poor urinary stream five weeks following circumcision at home. Examination revealed a child in acute urinary retention with a grossly swollen, soft, fluctuant and tender mass concealing his penis. Abdomino pelvic Ultrasound scan revealed a distended urinary bladder with evidence of back pressure effects on both kidneys. He had immediate urinary diversion via a suprapubic puncture and subsequently in a few hours, had a re-do circumcision. Conclusion: Male circumcision remains the surgical procedure which must be performed by practionner with expertise at hospital, in order to minimise the tragic complications.


To the Editor In our prospective study (1), we developed an immunological score combining routine markers of adaptive and innate immunity that could prove useful for evaluation of the risk of early severe infection. The objective of an immunological score is to guide selection of treatment and prophylaxis independently of transplantation procedures, related comorbidities, and immunosuppressive therapy, thus enabling the score to be applied to a wider population of patients. Otherwise, short-term anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) vs. long-term anti-CMV prophylaxis, or tacrolimus vs. other maintenance immunosuppressive regimens, would restrict the score to populations receiving these medications. However, we ensured that withdrawing these characteristics did not affect the model or the final score. R. J. Arasaratnam (2) highlights the difficulties involved when evaluating these types of scores. With respect to immunosuppressive therapy, for example, the type of induction (cytolitic vs. non-cytolitic) and maintenance protocol should be taken into account. The concentration of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus is a potential biomarker; in our study, it was only evaluated in the subgroup of heart recipients who received it (n = 66). Those who developed infections had significantly higher levels of tacrolimus 7 days after transplantation. The frequency of infected and non-infected patients with higher concentrations of tacrolimus (>15 ng/mL) (3) at day 7 was 22.7% (n = 5) and 11.36% (n = 5), respectively (P = 0.22). This variable warrants further evaluation in future studies with greater number of patients. In those receiving tacrolimus, drug levels were associated with a higher risk of infection in the univariate Cox regression analysis (per each increase of 1 ng/mL, hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.14; P = 0.019). Higher tacrolimus levels (>15 ng/mL) were not a significant risk factor for severe infection (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 0.88– 5.45; P = 0.09), and tacrolimus levels did not remain significant in the multivariate model, including the immunological score and clinical predictive variables (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.95–1.08; P = 0.73). The immunological score remained significant after the introduction of tacrolimus levels in the multivariate model (HR, 8.22; 95% CI, 3.52–19.19; P < 0.0001). The mean concentration of cyclosporine (in patients receiving cyclosporine) and of mycophenolate (taken by all patients) was similar in infected and in non-infected recipients (1).


Abstract Objectives: To support already established epidemiological links between inmates of Glenochil prison positive for HIV infection by using molecular techniques and thus provide evidence of the extent of acquisition during a recent outbreak of the disease resulting from needle sharing. To identify possible sources of the outbreak, and to demonstrate the ability of the methodology to make further links beyond the original outbreak. Design: Viral sequences obtained from the blood of HIV positive prisoners previously identified by standard epidemiological methods were compared with each other and with sequences from other Scottish patients. Setting: Glenochil prison for men, central Scotland. Subjects: Adult inmates and their possible contacts. Results: Phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences in two different genomic regions showed that 13 of the 14 HIV positive prisoners had been infected from a common source. Previous research had shown that six of these had acquired their infection in Glenochil; molecular evidence suggests that more than double this number were infected while incarcerated. Virus from two long term HIV positive patients who were in the prison at the time of the outbreak but who were not identified in the original or subsequent surveys was sufficiently different to make it unlikely that they were the source. A viral sequence from heterosexual transmission from one inmate showed the ability of these techniques to follow the infection through different routes of infection. Conclusion: The number of prisoners infected with HIV during the 1993 outbreak within Glenochil prison was more than twice that previously shown. This shows the potential for the spread of bloodborne diseases within prisons by injecting drugs. Key messages Originally, standard serological studies established that six out of 14 HIV positive people had acquired their infection in Glenochil prison in 1993 A subsequent survey estimated that up to 20 prisoners were HIV positive at that time Molecular linkage techniques showed that 13 of the original 14 infected men had viral sequences similar enough to indicate that one source of infection was common to all Molecular techniques provide a powerful epidemiological tool either to link or to distance infections with HIV Injecting drug use is a potentially explosive health care problem in prisons


In this article we construct the links invariants and 3-manifolds invariants from the quantum group associated with Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{sl}(2|1)$. This construction based on nilpotent irreducible finite dimensional representations of quantum group $\mathcal{U}_q\mathfrak{sl}(2|1)$ where $q$ is an odd of unity root. These constructions uses the notion of modified traces and relative $\mathit{G}$-modular category.


The differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in pregnancy-related complications have not been completely clarified. In this study, we used a nonbiased microarray approach to identify circulating miRs in maternal whole peripheral blood. Moreover, the role of post-translational regulatory mechanism of miRs in preeclampsia (PE) was investigated. Plasma and placental tissue samples were collected from 26 pregnant women who went on to develop PE and 18 healthy control subjects, and then miRs expression profiles in plasma, mRNA and protein expression of v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS-1) were measured by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis in plasma and placenta samples. From the microarray, we identified the expression of miR300 showed the highest level of all the miRs, miR-300 was significantly increased in the peripheral blood form PE patients as compared to healthy control subjects. The trend for increase in miR-300 expression was mirrored within placental tissue from PE patients compared with healthy controls. In parallel, ETS-1 as a target gene could be regulated by miR-300 by targeting its 3'-UTR. Moreover, both mRNA and protein expression of ETS-1 were markedly decreased in placental tissue from PE patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the association between the miR-300 levels and ETS-1 mRNA expression in placental tissue from all participants was further confirmed by linear regression analysis. The result demonstrated that miR-300 levels were significantly and negatively correlated with ETS-1 mRNA expression in placental tissue. In conclusion, miR-300 was reported to serve as an improved biomarker for PE screening, and we had identified ETS-1 as a target gene that could be regulated by miR-300.


The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum autumn sown small forage crops as next forage crops harvested maize in Daejeon area. The field trials was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and qualities of the autumn sown small forage crops. The experiment was consisted of split plots (main plot : forage crops as rye, barley and wheat, and sub plot 4 harvest stages as boot, heading, milk and dough) design with three replications. The average DM yield for 2 years of rye was higher than that of other forage crops (p


In the Old Testament Acient Versions (Symmachus, Targum Jonathan, Peshitta, Arabic Version, Vetus Latina, Vulgate), in 2Kgs 23:11ab appears a locution in which is supposed - as in LXX - Vorlage m e bo bet-JHWH, at entrance of JHWH's temple. In the Masoretic Text there is mibbo'bet-JHWH, so as not to go (impure) into JHWH's temple, but this reading seems secondary, because constructed on the ground of a theological perspective that is expressed more clairly in late age. In fact absolute monotheism is the outcome of a slow process, that is completed only after the Exile. So, the Masoretic Text expression confirms, thanks to the revision of Israel's religion made by prophets, that Josiah's intention was of avoiding contamination with cultual syncretism. But in the Ancient Versions is indicated only the precise place of idols removed by Josiah. However their convergence on one interpretation proves that the represented identical Hebrew archetype is the original


The invention discloses a method for implementing a learning type mobile phone remote controller and the learning type mobile phone remote controller, and the method comprises the steps of receiving infrared light emitted by another remote controller; demodulating remote control command codes of the remote controller; decoding and recording the remote control command codes; and associating the recorded remote control command codes with keys on a mobile phone, and storing. According to the method for implementing the learning type mobile phone remote controller and the learning type mobile phone remote controller, an infrared receiver is used for receiving the infrared light emitted by another remote controller, the remote control command codes of the remote controller are modulated, the remote control command codes are decoded and recorded through a micro-processor, the recorded remote control command codes are associated with the keys on the mobile phone, the remote control command codes of another remote controller are further learned, and then an infrared transmitting module of the mobile phone transmits corresponding control commands to a device which can understand the remote control command codes, thereby realizing the functions of the remote controller.


Approaches to Teaching Wiesel's Night, edited by Alan Rosen. New York: MLA, 2007. 169 pp. $37.50 (c); $19.75 (p). In 2004 the MLA published Teaching the Representation of the Holocaust (ed. Marianne Hirsch and Irene Kacandes). It featured many excellent essays about Holocaust pedagogy but just one article specifically about teaching Night. Building on that earlier volume, we now have Approaches to Teaching Wiesel's Night, which appears as part of the MLAs series Approaches to Teaching World Literature. This valuable collection comes fifty years after the initial publication of Night in Yiddish. Part One covers various editions and texts of Night and recommends related readings and audiovisual materials for teachers. Part Two consists of three sections. The first section, Historical and Cultural Contexts, opens with a Nehemia Polen essay that brings the veiled cultural and religious background of Night into the foreground. Polen provides a crystalline, concise introduction to the principles of Judaism and the distinguishing features of Jewish thought from the Biblical period to Rabbinic Judaism through mysticism and Hasidism. This furnishes an ideal primer for the teacher who is not familiar with these traditions - and a nice refresher for the teacher who is. Polen uses that background to explain that Night is a "counternarrative, almost a counter-Torah" that subverts the Biblical image of a God who possesses the "power to intervene in history, to deliver from danger, and to free from bondage." Simone Giglioni offers history instructors several approaches for teaching about "the trauma of transit" endured in deportation journeys, contending that including Wiesel's memoir in the teaching of history is not only justified but "integral." Gigliotti shows how the survivor testimony of Night can be taught alongside historians' accounts to illuminate students' understanding of the deportation experience. Traditional historical approaches to the subject "confirm a stereotype of efficient bureaucracy employed in the business of mass murder," Gigliotti argues, and thereby "echo the perpetrators' view of their victims as objects of a process." Wiesel's memoir humanizes the study of traumatic transit, but it also ereveals the process as far from orderly from the victims' perspective; the memoir thereby serves as "a major corrective to the controversial perception of deportees as ostensibly voluntary, willing, and docile victims." Michael Berenbaum discusses Night in the context of Auschwitz, covering the camp's structure, the demographics of its victims, specific roles and terms (Sonderkommando and Muselman), the death march of "walking skeletons," and the challenge that Auschwitz presented to Jewish theology. Alan L. Berger weighs the advantages of teaching Night alone or in combination with Wiesel's later works. Berger describes his own classroom strategies and reading assignments, and his students' responses to reading Night "in dialogue with the later memoirs." This dialogue enriches his students' understanding of whether Wiesel truly lost faith in Night . . . and of his continuing quest "for a credible post- Auschwitz theology." The second section focuses on Literary Contexts. Jan Schwarz's welcome contribution places the original Yiddish text of Night in the context of other Yiddish literature of the time. Judith Clark Schaneman, a professor of French, recounts the pedagogical journey that has enabled her to use the French version of Night (La nuit) to move students as deeply as she was moved by the book while supplying them with adequate historical and comparative literary perspectives. …


We investigate theoretically entanglement generation between two distant quantum dot molecules (QDMs) mediated by quantum bus of metal nanoring with surface plasmon polaritons. We show that the two QDMs can be in an entangled state by adjusting the external gate voltage and the coupling strength between the QDMs and the surface plasmon polaritons. The quantum state transfer between the two QDMs is also discussed. Our scheme may find applications in on-chip quantum networks and integrated optoelectronics devices.


Five methods of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation which can be derived from the maximum-likelihood (ML) principle are considered. The ML method (MLM) results from the application of the ML principle to the statistics of the observed raw data. The standard multiple signal classification (MUSIC) procedure, called MUSIC-1, is obtained as a brute-force approximation of the MLM. An improved MUSIC procedure, named MUSIC-2, is obtained by applying the ML principle to the statistics of certain linear combinations of the sample noise space eigenvectors. A procedure which compromises between the good performance of the MLM and the computational simplicity of MUSIC is a method of direction estimation (MODE-1) which is derived as a large sample realization of the MLM. A fifth method, called MODE-2, is obtained by using the ML principle on the statistics of certain linear combinations of the sample eigenvectors. MODE-2 is computationally less demanding than the MLM (it is of the same complexity as MODE-1) and statistically more efficient. A numerical comparison of these five DOA estimation methods is presented. It confirms the analytic results on their theoretical performance levels. >


AbstractThe effects of different types of review questions and the use of review passages on transfer skills were examined. Sixty seventh grade students were randomly assigned to each experimental group. Each student studied instructional materials on modulo seven addition and subtraction. Each student was then given a test that included lateral and vertical transfer problems. The results showed significant effects of word-type questions on vertical transfer skills and significant interaction effects between question types and the use of review passages on transfer skills. The cognitive strategy established by working relatively difficult review questions seemed to enable students to retain higher-level transfer skills.


ESTHETIC RESPONSE as here used is a term signifying broadly the response evoked by perception or contemplation of any object of regard as a "thingin-itself," carrying its whole meaning within itself. This is notably the kind of response evoked by an object of art or some beauty of nature. The title above implies that such responses have value in human life, and that our philosophy should recognize and define the nature of that value. "Scientific interest" as here used is in contrast to


By ab initio calculation, we predict an atomically thin, stable layered semiconducting crystal (ZrSi12)n, which may be a prototype candidate material for the thin film channels of ultimately scaled metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors. This material is composed of three atomic layers, in which a layer of Zr atoms is sandwiched by two layers of Si atoms. The Si atoms are arranged in graphene-like structures. This material is favorably formed from isolated ZrSi12 clusters. The energy band gap is of the indirect transition type and ∼0.3 eV in a generalized gradient approximation to the density functional theory. Both valence-band maximum and conduction-band minimum wavefunctions can be characterized by a hybrid of Zr d- and Si p-orbitals.


It is shown that the high-frequency (skin effect) internal resistance and internal inductive reactance are not equal for conductors of rectangular cross section as they are for conductors of circular cross section such as wires. A numerical method is used to demonstrate this and to show the errors incurred in using this approach.


We perform a first-principles calculation to investigate the effect of a vacancy on the sliding of an iron (Fe) Σ5 (310) [001] tilt grain boundary (GB). We calculate vacancy formation energies in order to determine the site preference of the vacancy at the Fe GB. We show that vacancies can easily segregate to the GB region, which is attributed to special atomic configurations of the GB. We demonstrate that the maximal sliding energy barrier of the GB with a monovacancy is 2.78 J/m2, 15% lower than that of the vacancy-free GB, suggesting that the presence of vacancy at the GB increases the GB mobility.


For the purpose of monitoring the cardiac mechanical phenomena, we propose a non-contact cardiac motion measurement method applying the active stereo depth camera. In the proposed method, the three-dimensional shape of the subject's chest is reconstructed based on the active stereo method using infrared light using RealSense F200 which is a three-dimensional image sensor manufactured by Intel Corporation. Then, by performing the active stereo measurement by projecting the green dot matrix pattern using the RealSense color camera, micro displacement of the chest surface due to the cardiac motion is acquired. In this paper, we confirm the feasibility of non-contact cardiac motion measurement by green dot matrix pattern projection, and attempt to visualize the distribution of the cardiac motion on the chest surface.


OBJECTIVE To get the epidemics status of HIV among persons in the custody of Shanghai,and to provide scientific evidence for establishing the measures to prevent and control AIDS in this population.METHODS New prisoners from the 6 custody places of Baoshan district with high-risk behaviors were investigated,and they completed questionnaire about HIV related behaviors.The serum samples were collected for HIV serological test by ELISA,and the positive samples were confirmed by HIV antibody confirmation in laboratory.The available questionnaires were analyzed with Epidata3.1 and SPSS13.0.RESULTS 525 were HIV positive(1.80%)in 29 084.The male was 1.90%,and the female was 1.11%.The difference of average age between male and female had a significant difference.The positive rate of HIV was 0.33% among persons with Shanghai census register,which was 59.61% with Xinjiang census register.And the positive rate of HIV in persons aged from 25 to 39 was higher than other age groups.Univariate analysis showed that the positive rate of HIV had a relationship with sex,age,census register,year and quater get in the custody,drug use and promiscuity.Multiple regression analysis showed sex,age,census register,year and quater get in the custody,drug use were important determinants in positive rate.CONCLUSION The HIV epidemic is decreasing year by year in the custody.We should be emphatically strengthen effective behavioral intervention among the people who inject drugs and the young man coming from partial provinces and cities in China.


Ivo Padovan was born on February 11, 1922, in the town of Blato on the island of KorËula. His given name is Ivan, but he was called Ive in Blato. This name was later turned into Dæivo in Dubrovnik and remained so in Zagreb. His father Franko (Franjo) was a farmer and his mother Vica (Vicenca), whose maiden name was BoπkoviÊ, a housewife. His mother traced her descent from the BoπkoviÊ family in Orahov Dol on the border of the Republic of Dubrovnik and Herzegovina, which is also the origin of the family of Ruer BoπkoviÊ. Ivo was the second of four children. Little Ivo lived in Blato until he was nine and then moved to Dubrovnik. There he was accommodated at the bishop's seminary where he attended the first four classes of the state classical gymnasium, and the following three classes at the Franciscan classical gymnasium. In 1926, when Ivo was only 4 years old, his father Franko departed for Australia due to economic reasons. Franko's job was NEWS


BACKGROUND: Coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID)-19 infection is a major public health issue worldwide with no specific therapy or vaccine.
CASE REPORT: COVID-19-positive patient was hospitalized due to a dry irritating cough that has persisted for 3 days. The polymerase chain reaction test to severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 was positive. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the lungs showed massive bilateral consolidation. The patient was set to oxygen support (6 L/min). Two hours after referring the patient's condition worsened with shortness of breath, suffocation, wheezing, and decreased saturation (77%). The patient was given mechanical support with continuous positive airway pressure mask. Therapy included azithromycin 500 mg and ceftriaxone 2 g. On the 3rd day of hospitalization, there was a sharp deterioration of the condition and a decrease in saturation (40%). The patient was intubated and immediately placed on intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Azithromycin was now combined with meropenem 3 × 1 g. The next morning patient's condition further worsened with decrease in saturation and heart rate. The resuscitation was unsuccessful.
CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is primary a respiratory infection, but the virus also affects other organs with poor outcome.


Increasing penetration of intermittent and variable renewable energy sources (RESs) has significantly complicated smart grid operations. The uncertain nature of RESs may cause increased operating costs for committing costly reserve units or penalty costs for curtailing load demands. In addition, it is often desired to control and coordinate a battery energy storage system (BESS) in an efficient and economical way, especially for islanded microgrid. To address these issues, an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach is proposed to investigate the optimal operation of energy systems in islanded microgrid considering stochastic wind energy and load demands. A battery control strategy is also presented to maintain the battery state of charge in a certain range which will help to increase the battery lifetime in the future. The traditional dynamic programming (DP) approach is also implemented to validate the percentage of optimality of the proposed ADP approach for stochastic case studies. The simulation results show that the proposed ADP approach can obtain competitive percentages of optimality with around 50% less computational time compared to the traditional DP approach. Again, the proposed ADP approach is also validated on a large data sample case and achieved 18.77 times faster response than the traditional DP approach.


This Open Access Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in CGU Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Rickett, Ruth Bates, "The Use of Tape Recordings in Teaching Local History" (1963). CGU Theses & Dissertations. Paper 75. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/75


For the Da-puling tunnel of Puqing Expressway in Guangxi, the advanced geological prediction is carried out by combining TSP long-distance forecast method with short distance geological radar method. This paper describes the principle of seismic wave propagation in elastic medium, as well as the key points of data processing and analysis, some requirements that should be paid attention to the field test and scientific way of image interpretation put forward to improve the accuracy of prediction; When TSP is deployed, it should be sharp angle with potential joint surface. P-wave reacts surrounding rock properties, the shear wave is closely related to the transverse skeleton of medium. In data interpretation, it is necessary to focus on the analysis of the characteristics of P-wave and S-wave, weakening Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. TSP and GPR can achieve the mutual complement and improve the detection accuracy.


A photocrosslinkable liquid crystalline polymer comprising a vinyl backbone having from 60 to 100 mole percent of recurring pendant groups comprising an alkyl or alkoxy light-sensitive cinnamate component connected to the vinyl backbone through (a) a component which provides stiffness and rod-like character to the cinnamate component and (b) a spacer group having from 7 to 14 atoms.


The idea is to create a web application which helps anyone (even without architectural knowledge) to design a house floor plan by themselves at minimal cost. Anyone with basic computer knowledge can design a floor plan using this application and it also encourages creativity and still allows them to stick to their basic needs and resources available (here resource is land space). It gives them numerous options when it comes to choosing a plan since genetic algorithm is used and the user can ask for more architectural designs if they are not happy with the present one. Genetic algorithm is the main algorithm in this application. The application is developed not only generated with randomization, but also based on user recommendations and KD tree models. The layout composes a furnished view for all the plans, just to give a better idea to the users. The connectivity between rooms is based on the placement of the biggest room and rest of the room is built around them and it strictly sticks to the user needs and requirements. This application is used to generate a plan for a floor and hence can be used to generate a plan for multistory building by designing every floor one by one or just copying the layout. These layouts are better than hard blueprint layouts because it has furnished 2D view as well, which would give the users a clear look onto their future dream house and lets them decide if they are happy with it or else leverage on genetic algorithm to regenerate more plans and display it to the user.


This paper proposes a frequency-based approach for background noise suppression with consideration for human psychoacoustics. The approach utilizes a perceptual cost function analysis based on temporal masking thresholds. By optimizing the cost function, the concept eliminates background noises that mask the original signals, while maintaining the minimum perceptual distortion of the original signals. The perceptual cost function can also be implemented within a Gibbs sampling framework, which better models the uncertainty within the original signal. These approaches improve existing noise reduction techniques, enhancing perceived audio quality (PEAQ), mean opinion score (MOS), and signal to noise ratio (SNR).


Due to the low temperature and complex composition of the exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine, the working requirements of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst cannot be met directly. Moreover, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and other ammonium deposits are formed at low temperatures, which block the surface or the pore channels of the SCR catalyst, thereby resulting in its reduction or even its loss of activity. Considering the difficulty of the marine diesel engine bench test and the limitation of the catalyst sample test, a one-dimensional simulation model of the SCR system was built in this paper. In addition, the deactivation reaction process of the ammonium salt in the SCR system and its influencing factors were studied. Based on the gas phase and the surface reaction kinetics, the models of the urea decomposition, the surface denitrification, the nitrate deactivation, and the sulfate deactivation were both constructed and verified in terms of accuracy. Moreover, the formation/decomposition reaction pathway and the catalytic deactivation of ammonium nitrate and ammonium bisulfate, as well as the composition concentration and the exhaust gas temperature range were correspondingly clarified. The results showed that within a certain range, the increase of the NO2/NOx ratio was conducive to the fast SCR reaction and the NH4NO3 formation's reaction. Increasing the exhaust gas temperature also raised the NO2/NOx ratio, which was beneficial to both the fast SCR reaction and the NH4NO3 decomposition reaction, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the SO2 concentration on the denitrification efficiency decreased with the increase of the exhaust gas temperature because of increasing SCR reaction rate and reversibility of ammonia sulfate formation, and when the temperature of the exhaust gas was higher than 350 °C, the activity of the catalyst was almost unaffected by ammonia sulfate.


We consider a set, L, of lines in R and a partition of L into some number of sets: L = L1 ∪ . . .∪Lp. We seek a corresponding partition R = S1 ∪ . . .∪Sp such that each line l in Li meets the set Si in a set whose cardinality has some fixed bound, ωτ . We determine equivalences between the bounds on the size of the continuum, 2 ≤ ωθ, and some relationships between p, ωτ and ωθ. In 1951, Sierpiński [S2] showed that the continuum hypothesis is equivalent to the following: for the partition of the lines in R3 parallel to one of the coordinate axes into the disjoint sets L1, L2, and L3, where Li consists of all lines parallel to the ith axis, there is a partition of R3 into disjoint sets, S1, S2, and S3, such that any line in Li meets at most finitely many points in Si. He also showed that the corresponding statement for R4, using L1, L2, L3 and L4 and four sets S1, S2, S3 and S4, is equivalent to 2 ≤ ω2. Also, the corresponding statement for R2, using sets of lines L1 and L2 and sets S1 and S2, is false. He obtained analogous results by replacing "finite" by "countable". Thus, CH is equivalent to the assertion that R2 can be divided into two disjoint sets S1 and S2 with each line in Li meeting Si in a countable set [S1]. He showed that the countable version for R3 with three sets is equivalent to 2 ≤ ω2. These theorems were generalized by Kuratowski [Ku] and Sikorski [Si]. Erdős [Er] raised the issue of whether these results could be further strengthened by considering partitions of all lines rather than just those lines parallel to some coordinate axis. Davies 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 02B05, 28A05.


The invention discloses a head-worn optoelectronic automatic focusing visual aid. The visual aid comprises a micro optical wide-angle zoom lens, an image sensor, an electronic module of an electronic full-time automatic focusing image processing system, a micro display module, a head-worn balance weight mechanism, a digital controller and the like. Automatically acquired continuous video images or E-book data are displayed in a specific mode through a micro display; a balance weight structure adopted by the device can effectively transfer the weight of the visual aid in front of eyes to two side parts of the head so as to avoid pressure caused by the visual aid on the forehead and the nose bridge; meanwhile, the automatic full-time electronic focusing micro optical zoom wide-angle pick-uplens and the micro display module are integrated on a head-worn structure so as to meet human engineering characteristics and biological vision habits, assist in long sight and assist in short sight;and the current E-book reading tool is embedded into the visual aid so that a person not only can see the scene before the eyes, but also can read E-journal by using the visual aid and the like.


microprocessor which computes the toll charge from vehicle classifications entered on a keyboard, displays the charge to the vehicle driver and operator, and monitors the passage of the vehicle with the aid of detectors buried in the road surface. Recorded data are transmitted to the main computer in the central control room where information about traffic flows and cash receipts is continuously accessible on visual display screens. Toll charges can be varied by simple programming modifications and facilities are installed to introduce automatic vehicle identification and coin collection equipment if required. From the very outset of the project the consulting engineers advised the Humber Bridge Board that a project embracing such a huge structure would have a  major visual impact  on the environment  and. throughout the period of design and construction, the engineers sought to achieve an aesthetic grace as well as satisfying engineering and economic requirements. I t is believed that the result is a visually stimulating entity.


The invention provides a vonoprazan fumarate midbody, a preparation method thereof and a method for preparing vonoprazan fumarate midbody. Compared with the prior art, vonoprazan fumarate is prepared through the vonoprazan fumarate midbody. The preparation method has the following advantages that a process route includes short reaction steps, raw materials are easy to obtain, reaction conditions are mild, operation is simple and easy, the method is economical and environmentally friendly, the total yield is obviously improved, and the vonoprazan fumarate midbody is suitable for large-scale production.


Thrasymachus is one of the most infamous villains in Plato's dialogues; but he is not as villainous as he appears to be. Thrasymachus' attack on justice and his debunking definition of justice are guided by a complex set of concerns, including a desire to expose the fraud that he thinks rulers are perpetrating against the ruled. Thrasymachus thus shows a concern for justice even in his expression of an argument that is regarded as the classic sophistic critique of justice. Thrasymachus' attachment to justice, however, has to be considered in light of his struggle with the problem of justice, a struggle that has driven him neither to a complete rejection of justice nor to a simple or solid commitment to it. By presenting Thrasymachus' wavering positions, Plato presents an example of an apparent cynic whose concerns continue to be shaped by an unrecognized attachment to justice. In this way, Plato teaches a lesson about the power of justice in the human soul.


This article considers the rights of the employer and the employee in the instance in which an employee chooses to hand in his or her resignation, providing only 24 hours' notice.


A measurement of the cross section for the inclusive production of isolated photons by the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity region |eta^gamma|<1.0 and the transverse energy range E_T^gamma>30 GeV and is based on 2.5/fb of integrated luminosity. The sample is almost a factor of seven larger than those used for recent published results and extends the E_T^gamma coverage by 100 GeV. The result agrees with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations within uncertainties over the range 50<E_Tgamma<400 GeV, though the energy spectrum in the data shows a steeper slope at lower E_T^gamma.


This paper analyses the problem of current product-design, in order to solve the problem, we put forward the integration of QFD, TRIZ and thice design. Then introduce these three design methodologies, establish the model of the integration, and discuss the status and function of these methodonogies in the product development process.


Power-sharing, which purports to be an inclusive form of governance, has become an increasingly common mechanism for managing identity-based conflict. Yet, critics have claimed that such arrangements prioritize conflict-related issues and, as a result, marginalize identities not associated with the conflict. How ought inclusion be measured? Extending an analytical framework first developed by Yvonne Galligan and Sara Clavero to measure gender democracy in Europe, this article compares the extent of inclusion of women and minority ethnic identities in the Kosovo Assembly, which has institutional mechanisms guaranteeing the representation of both of those identities, and the Northern Ireland Assembly, which does not.


The design method of a kind of structure for enhancing magnetic focusing type hall thruster ion beam focusing and the structure is related to space flight electric propulsion hall thruster beam focus control field, in order to solve the problems, such as that focused ion beam can be destroyed by outfield.Magnetic field is constructed in the outfield of hall thruster, the magnetic interface in the magnetic field that the magnetic field in outfield and hall thruster Inside coil are formed is straight barrel type, and cathode aperture is located at interior magnetic mirror area.Energy operative constraint of the present invention lives passive plasma body beam radially, thus the effect that enhanced beam focuses.


The tone has a close relationship with the person of the subject. The subject of the imperative sentence is generally the second person or the first person plural, and the minority is played by a proper noun or a noun phrase, which is often implicit in a certain context. This applies to both Japanese and Chinese imperative sentences, but because of the different languages, the two have similarities in the subject looming. This paper extracts the corresponding Japanese imperative sentences and Chinese imperative sentences from the old Japanese and Chinese classics Lao She teahouse, and classifies them according to their pragmatic functions. By comparing the distribution of subject implicit sentences and subject expressions in the corresponding classifications of the two languages, try to find the similarities and differences between Japanese imperative sentences and Chinese imperative sentences in the looming subject are analyzed, and the main reasons for the similarities and differences are analyzed.


This article examines the impact of social work education on the social policy preferences of social work students through a panel study of 3 cohorts of students at universities in 2 countries—the United States and Israel. The findings of the study indicate that though the initial policy preferences of the students at the beginning of their studies at the 3 universities differed, by the end of their studies the students' preferences were similar and supportive of the welfare state model.


A combinatory direct-sequence based on residue number system(RNS),spread spec-trum multiple-access communication system model is presented.Under this communication envi-ronment,each user is assigned a set of∑i=1^lmi(when i≠j,gcd(mi,mj)=1)othogonal sequences;Each receiver has ∑i=1^l micorrelators used for despread,log2(пi=1^lmi) information bits can be trans-mitted in a symbol period.We obtain approximations for the multiuser probability of error when the channel noise is a combination of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)and multiple-access interference .In section4,we compare the performance such as transmission capability,system structure,and the probability of error with the system proposed by P.K.Enge.


Abstract In April and May of 2000, herpetological surveys of Ha Giang Province, Vietnam, near the Chinese border were undertaken. Surveys concentrated on isolated forests of Mount Tay Con Linh II (contiguous with the highest peak in eastern Vietnam, Mt. Tay Con Linh). The 26-day survey yielded 36 species of amphibians and 16 species of reptiles. The collection contains elements of Himalayan as well as Indo-Malayan assemblages and documents a new country record (Philautus rhododiscus), eight new records east of the Red River (Bombina microdeladigitora, Megophrys parva, Amolops chapaensis, Chaparana delacouri, Chirixalus gracilipes, Philautus odontotarsus, Polypedates dugritei, Rhacophorus hoanglienensis), seven species complexes (Fejervarya limnocharis, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Limnonectes kuhlii, Rana chloronota, R. maosonensis, Polypedates dugritei, and P. leucomystax), three unidentified amphibian species, and two previously undescribed species of cascade ranid (Rana iriodes, new species and Rana tabaca, new species). Rana iriodes differs from R. daorum and Amolops chunganensis in having an iridescent green-gold dorsum, orange-red dorsolateral folds, a gold-white flank spot, vomerine teeth, and webbing to toe disks. Rana tabaca, new species, can be differentiated from other cascade ranids by a combination of characters: mottled brown upper lip, gold lip line below the eye to the arm insertion, shagreened dorsum, dorsolateral folds, and unpigmented eggs. Species accumulation curves indicate that the diversity of the region is still underestimated, which, along with the relatively extensive remnant forest, underscores the importance for a greater faunal understanding and conservation effort for the montane forests of the region.


Due to the growing demand for civil infrastructure, financial innovations are required to close the financing gap. However, a lack of theories has inhibited a complete understanding and, thus, creation and diffusion of financial innovation. A lack of theory about financial innovations in infrastructure is mainly due to the absence of a framework to conceptualize these innovations. A typology that enables comparison of financial systems and, hence, provide a framework to conceptualize financial innovations is missing in the existing literature. This paper defines innovation in the context of financing, funding and delivery of infrastructure projects and proposes a new typology for conceptualization of the loci and types of financial innovations in infrastructure. The loci of innovations are in risk mitigation, regulation, cash flow, contract, organizational, and capital sub-systems. Types of innovations are classified as either integrated or modular and either sustaining or disruptive. The typology was tested by mapping seven innovations created by the U. S. Federal Highway Administration and diffused into 232 transportation projects between 1994 and 2002. Qualitative comparative analysis was then used to evaluate the diffusion trends of financial innovations in the case studies and to demonstrate the capability of the proposed typology for facilitating theory building in the area of infrastructure financial innovations.


References http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/1/3/a003061.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 433 articles, 216 of which can be accessed free service Email alerting click here box at the top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the Subject collections (17 articles) Cell-Cell Junctions  • Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections


In this panel presentation, the five members will discuss their experiences of working with students in virtual teams. They will share some of the issues and problems they have had and also highlight some of the opportunities and challenges for students working collaboratively together.The virtual student team is defined as a group of students who have come together to perform a certain task and who communicate electronically to achieve that task. Student groups are transformed into teams with structure, purpose and the potential to achieve effective project work. The teams are temporary in that they may exist for a semester or for the life of a particular assessment task or project. Virtual student teams are usually geographically dispersed and thus often have members who are culturally different. There is a heavy reliance on the use of ICT for communication and collaboration within the team.The members of the panel have all had some research experience with teams and teamwork. They have all had different experiences with setting up and managing virtual student teams.


The article presents a description of the practical implementation of coaching principles in engineer diploma work. The thesis supervisor role and his activities at such a solution were described. Additionally, the main risks and benefits of using coaching in the realization of engineer diploma work were presented.


Objective To explore the protective effects and mechanism of Bificobacterium longum in inhibiting intestinal injury of neonatal Sprague-Dewley rat necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) model.Method According to 2×2 factor analysis,32 neonate Sprague-Dewley rats(48 hours old,weighing 5~10 g) were divided into 4 groups(A1B1,A1B2,A2B1 and A2B2,n=8).Rats in Group A1B1 and A1B2 were made into NEC models by being separated from mother rats and fed with rat milk substitute,then exposed to 100% N2 for 90 second and 4 ℃ temperature for 10 minutes,twice a day during 3 consecutive days.Rats in group A1B1 was given Bifidobacterium longum(108CFU/day) while those in group A1B2 was not.Rats in groups A2B1 and A2B2 served as control groups,and the rats in group A2B1 was given Bifidobacterium longum(108CFU/day) while those in group A2B2 was not.On the 4th day the rats were sacrificed and intestinal tissue were collected.The apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells were determined with flow cytometry(FCM) and the morphological changes in intestinal musca were observed under light and electron microscope.The intestine around ileocecal junction of all the subjects were scored in double-blind way,and the mean score more than 2 were considered NEC.Kruskal-Wallis H test and factorial ANOVA were used to analyze difference among each groups.α=0.05 was considered significant.Result The rats in groups A1B1 and A1B2 had diarrhea,abdominal distention,growth and development stepping down,activity reducing,and the apoptosis cells and apoptic body in intestine mucosa were observed.Compared with group A1B2,there was remarkable relief after being given Bificobacterium longum in group A1B1.The scores of histological evaluation(x-±s) in groups A1B1,A1B2,A2B1 and A2B2 were 2.04±0.52,3.38±0.55,0.33±0.36 and 0.38±0.33 respectively,and the apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells were(23.97±10.48)%,(47.28±21.98)%,(11.42±4.75)% and(12.16±4.95)%,respectively.The score of histopatholigical and the apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells had significant difference among groups.Comparing with that of group A1B2,the score of histopatholigical and the apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells of group A1B1 reduced,but that of group A1B1 was higher than the two control groups significantly.By factorial ANOVA,two factors of modeling and Bificobacterium longum intervention had taken effect on the score of histopatholigical,the apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells.There were interaction between modeling and Bificobacterium longum intervention.Conclusion Bificobacterium longum is beneficial to reduce the intestinal injury of neonate rats caused by NEC and decrease the incidence of NEC.It may reduce the apoptosis ratio of intestinal cells,which will be underlying protective mechanisms of Bificobacterium longum on NEC.


A technique for the calibration of hydrophones using an optical method is presented. In the method, a measurement is made of the acoustic particle velocity in the field of a transducer by use of a thin plastic pellicle that is used to reflect the optical beam of a laser vibrometer, the pellicle being acoustically transparent at the frequency of interest. The hydrophone under test is then substituted for the pellicle, and the hydrophone response to the known acoustic field is measured. A commercially available laser vibrometer is used to undertake the calibrations, and results are presented over a frequency range from 10 to 600 kHz. A comparison is made with the method of three-transducer spherical-wave reciprocity, with agreement of better than 0.5 dB over the majority of the frequency range. The pellicle used is in the form of a narrow strip of thin Mylar©, and a discussion is given of the effect of the properties of the pellicle on the measurement results. The initial results presented here show that th...