Piecewise growth models (PGMs) were used to estimate and model changes in the preliteracy skill development of kindergartners in a moderately sized school district in the Pacific Northwest. PGMs were applied to interrupted time-series (ITS) data that arose within the context of a response-to-intervention (RtI) instructional framework. During the kindergarten year, multiple literacy assessments were conducted and supplemental instruction was initiated with struggling readers to promote the attainment of literacy benchmark goals. The use of PGMs provided analytic flexibility to specify a discontinuous learning function and test a number of within- and between-group model parameters related to the evaluation of program efficacy. Results revealed a statistically significant linear increment in student learning following the onset of the intervention. However, absolute and relative gains in literacy performance were more modest during the second half of the academic year. Key issues in applying PGMs within the RtI framework, including the coding of time functions and the interpretation of model results, are addressed.


Distributed system is a collection of heterogeneous network. All networks are communicated with each other via internet. Distributed system has centric approach towards client-server. In client server network there are two distinct nodes, one is client and second is server. All these distinct nodes are communicated and co-ordinate with each other via messages. There are so many servers and clients. Assignments of client to the server is based on priority, for priority there are so many algorithms which shows load balancing. Round robin algorithm is uses many policies for assignment and load balancing.Server affinity is used in combination with one of the standard load balancing methods: round-robin, weight-based, or random:  round-robin-affinity— server affinity governs connections between external Java clients and server instances; round robin load balancing is used for connections between server instances.  weight-based-affinity—server affinity governs connections between external Java clients and server instances; weight-based load balancing is used for connections between server instances.  random-affinity—server affinity governs connections between external Java clients and server instances; random load balancing is used for connections between server instances.


When he was dean of this law school, Gerhard Casper was proud that the University of Chicago did not offer a course in "The Law of the Horse." He did not mean by this that Illinois specializes in grain rather than livestock. His point, rather, was that "Law and . . . " courses should be limited to subjects that could illuminate the entire law. Instead of offering courses suited to dilettantes, n1 the University of Chicago offered courses in Law and Economics, and Law and Literature, taught by people who could be appointed to the world's top economics and literature departments--even win the Nobel Prize in economics, as Ronald Coase has done.


I WILL START WITH A QUESTION: ''HOW DO WE GET from scenes familiar to us, from a five year old with a ventricular assist device in place for idiopathic cardiomyopathy, or from a neonate on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), to happy, healthy first-graders? In particular, how do we do this in a program of lower volume, one that does not do 800, or 600, or even 400 cases per year? To answer one's questions, the 17th century English philosopher, Francis Bacon, suggested that ''There is surely no greater wisdom than well to time the beginning and onsets of things''. This quote takes us to the man for whom this lecture is named, C. Walton Lillehei, the father of open heart surgery (Fig. 1). In the early 1950s, the question confronting Lillehei was how to successfully close a ventricular septal defect in a child. On a spring day in 1954, Lillehei's first case in the operating room was a routine inguinal hernia repair. His second case was the first closure of a ventricular septal defect in history. It was carried out in 13 month old Gregory Glidden. Lillehei used the now famous technique of cross-circulation, in which Glidden's father served as a biological oxygenator for a period of 19 minutes. Over the next year and a half, Lillehei used cross-circulation to perform open heart surgery in 45 children, with an amazingly high success rate. At the time of Glidden's surgery, Lillehei was only 35 years old. By today's standards, his surgical training was somewhat abbreviated: two and a half years of clinical surgery, and two years in the laboratory. Lillehei operated with a headlight he had borrowed from an otolaryngologist. He operated without the use of measurements of arterial blood gases, a pulse oximeter, a paediatric ventilator, a pacemaker, or a defibrillator. During surgery, systemic arterial pressure was monitored by a cuff, pulse by a finger on the wrist, and temperature by a thermometer made of glass. Lillehei attributed his success to a combination of ''persistence and stubbornness''. To these attributes, we would certainly add skill, courage, vision, and the strength of the team around him. Over the 50 years since the achievements of Lillehei, the changes which have occurred in all aspects of our field are staggering. One of the most dramatic changes is the spread of congenital cardiac surgery around the world. In 1955, the only 2 surgeons in the world performing open heart surgery were located 90 miles apart in the state of Minnesota: Lillehei at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, and John Kirklin at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester. Fifty years later, The Congenital Heart Surgery Practice and Manpower Survey of 2005, performed by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Work Force on Congenital Heart Surgery, estimated that congenital cardiac surgery was being performed at approximately 122 programs in the United States of America. These programs included roughly 250 surgeons. Many of these programs are smaller in size. Analysis of the *This article is, in large part, a transcript of the 10th Annual C. Walton Lillehei Lecture, delivered at Cardiology 2009, 12th Annual Update on Pediatric and Congenital Cardiovascular Disease, Nassau, the Bahamas, February, 2009.


Unidentified prisoners of war working in the library at Stalag 8A, Gorlitz, Germany. Photograph taken by H T Upton between 1943 and 1944.
Note on back of file print reads "The library at Stalag 8A. These two men were in charge of the books that were sent out from the main larger [sic] to the men working on Kommando."
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Film negative


U.S. credit unions originally served small, homogeneous populations, were managed by members and granted tax exemption on the basis of this cooperative structure. Today, credit union membership is expanding, increasingly heterogeneous and geographically dispersed – calling the appropriateness of tax exemption into question. This annotated bibliography presents literature to examine tools and technologies to analyze operational and social media data to inform member engagement strategies with the intent to justify the continua tion of the industry's tax exempt status.


Buffered FDML lasers are applied for phase-sensitive sub-nanometer OCT phase microscopy and dynamic surface displacement measurements at speeds up to 370,000 axial lines per second. Excellent phase stability is demonstrated at high speeds.


Full text of the paper presented at a seminar held at Agartala in February 1999 with theme: "Peace and Development in Tripura: Problems and Prospects"


Anthropometric data were obtained from children and adults of 71 migrant and 69 nonmigrant low‐income first‐generation Mexican‐American families. Nonmigrant children (1–11 years) were very close to U.S. standards in weight‐for‐age, height‐for‐age, weight‐for‐height and triceps skinfold, while migrant children were shorter and fatter. Adolescents (12–19 years) in both groups were shorter than U.S. standards, probably due to an increasing effect of shorter leg‐length at older ages. Among younger children, the proportion of life spent in Mexico prior to moving to the U.S. was not related to present growth status, but adolescents who had spent more of their lives in Mexico were shorter. Growth status of all children was related to maternal weight and height and family income, among other factors. Among adults, 55 percent of women and 43 percent of men exceeded 120 percent of "ideal" weight. Obesity increased with age, but was unrelated to length of residence in the U.S.


The present study was designed to investigate in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of Thyme essential oil (TEO) for its potential encapsulation in nano delivery systems and further application in meat products. For computation of antimicrobial efficacy, zone of inhibition assays and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) organisms was done. In general, there was a strong inhibitory effect with zone size ranging from 27.5 mm to 45 mm against tested organisms, however, the effect was slighter higher against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. The antioxidant activity for various oil concentrations as determined by 1 diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2-azinobis3ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) methods revealed that radical scavenging activity ranged between 8.14% to 78.73% and 6% to 67.75% for DPPH and ABTS assay, respectively. It can be concluded that thyme essential oil possesses significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and may be encapsulated in nano delivery systems for potential application in any meat matrices.


The main object of this research is to optimize an end-filled castellated beam. In order to support high shear forces close to the connections, sometimes it becomes necessary to fill certain holes in web opening beam. This is done by inserting steel plates and welding from both sides. Optimization of these beams is carried out using three meta-heuristic methods involves CSS, CBO, and CBO-PSO algorithms. To compare the performance of these algorithms, the minimum cost of the beam is taken as the design objective function. Also, in this study, two common types of laterally supported castellated beams are considered as design problems: beams with hexagonal openings and beams with circular openings. A number of design examples are considered to solve in this case. Comparison of the optimal solution of these methods demonstrates that the hexagonal beams have less cost than cellular beams. It is observed that optimization results obtained by the CBO-PSO for more design examples have less cost in comparison to the results of the other methods.


Any degree of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is present in 20% to 30% of patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and moderate severity IMR is developed in more than 10%.


Benzo[a]pyrene‐7,8‐diol‐9,10‐epoxide (B[a]PDE), a major metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, has been reported to function as a human carcinogen. However, the molecular mechanism of how B[a]PDE regulates signaling pathways during tumor promotion remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of B[a]PDE on the regulation of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), one of the major carcinogenic processes, and its main regulatory signaling pathways using WB‐F344 rat liver epithelial (WB‐F344 RLE) cells. Treatment of benzo[a]pyrene or B[a]PDE resulted in GJIC inhibition, and B[a]PDE was more active at lower concentrations than benzo[a]pyrene in the suppression of GJIC. This suggests that B[a]PDE is a stronger GJIC inhibitor. B[a]PDE at 1 µM reversibly inhibited GJIC in WB‐F344 RLE cells, which was attributable to hyperphosphorylation of connexin43 (Cx43) via phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). We found that B[a]PDE induced phosphorylation of tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2), a direct upstream regulator of MEK. Tpl2 inhibitor recovered B[a]PDE‐induced GJIC inhibition and attenuated B[a]PDE‐induced MEK/ERK phosphorylation in WB‐F344 RLE cells. Collectively, our results suggest that B[a]PDE suppresses GJIC by activating Tpl2 and subsequently the MEK/ERK pathway and Cx43 phosphorylation in WB‐F344 RLE cells. These results outline the potential importance of Tpl2 as a novel therapeutic target for B[a]PDE‐induced GJIC inhibition during cancer promotion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This study explores whether a Truku Seediq kindergarten immersion program in Taiwan has contributed to stemming indigenous language erosion. The preliminary results suggest areas for improvement in the ongoing project, and may serve as a starting point for future preschool indigenous language immersion programs. The project centers on five activities: (1) weekly culture-based language classes, (2) bimonthly teachers' empowerment workshops, (3) online documentation of teaching processes and activities, (4) advisory visits and evaluations, and (5) development of pedagogical materials. Data were collected through focus group interviews, observations, advisory visits, and proficiency tests. The results show both that the immersion program improves the children's proficiency and that it faces obstacles: lack of qualified teachers proficient in the language and culture-based teaching, insufficient hours of immersion and co-teaching with elders, imperfect communication in the administrative system, obstacles to collaboration with families and communities, and lack of effective pedagogical materials and proficiency tests.


souls" but preserved the consensus behind the popularity of the Fascist regime as long as he tilted toward the latter. When Mussolini took a radical turn toward "fascist revolution" in both foreign and racial policy in the late 1930s, he broke the consensus and alienated the military, civil service, and diplomatic elites who ultimately triumphed over the weakened and vacillating Duce of 1942-43 and shaped the policies that thwarted Nazi Germany, protected Jews, and preserved Italian honor. In this reviewer's opinion, Carpi could have strengthened his book by expanding the historiographical section and explicitly engaging the arguments of other historians of Italian Jewish policy and rescue, such as Meir Michaelis, Jonathan Steinberg, and the late Menachem Shelach. Christopher R. Browning Pacific Lutheran University


The identification of the motion of a rigid body by means of linear accelerometers is a problem already investigated by many researchers, but still debated. The optimisation of the number and placement of accelerometers is also another important aspect of the problem. In this study, an experimental procedure is proposed and applied to identify the rigid-body vibratory motion of the steering wheel of a sporting car, by means of six linear accelerometers. Some numerical simulations for investigating possible errors are also presented.


The invisible systems that govern the space and transform the city raise reflections and foundational questions about the project, understood not only as a mere sequence of actions, but as the main field that is created between actions, spaces and people. The urban project is located within the social fabric, in the folds of the city, in times and spaces that involve users, administrators, informal groups and associations. The space has been double investigated: from a physical point of view and from a functional perspective, but without forgetting the catalytic action of collective activities and practices of which it is intrinsically bearer. The mapping of the collective spaces and the network of the existing active mobility has been associated with the reflection proposed by the #tuttamialacittà project. Both researches have been carried out in the Veneto region and in particular in the metropolitan city of Venice, and are interconnected with the invisible, where the need to interact with the indeterminacy and ambiguity of the space is tangible, in its many and possible interpretations.


Whereas the Okun people and dialect group constitute a sizable division amongst the Yoruba stock residing in areas such as Ijumu, Yagba, Kaba, Qworo, Bunu, Ikiri and Gbede, Owe people and language is limited to Kaba and its satellite villages and farmsteads. There are umbilical links between each of these villages and farmsteads and their parallel compounds in Kaba. The Obaro is the paramount ruler of Kaba and these satellites. Okun derives its legitimacy from the specialmutual linguistic intelligibility amongst the various dialects that form it, distancing them from other Yoruba dialect groups, and the denominatory cultural dynamics recognizable in the various peoples' living and beliefs. Linguistic literature is scarce on Owe Yoruba. Apart from Adeniyi and Medubi in Olukoju et al (Ed) 2003, we are not aware of any other Owe specific linguistic study. In fact, the aforementioned is a phonological analysis. For the sake of emphasis, Owe speaking people are also referred to as Owe. Even though the nucleus city of the Owe people is Kaba, the town is also unarguably referred to as Owe. Kaba used to be the headquarter of Kaba province in the old Northern region before the creation of Kwara State and subsequently Kogi State from Kwara. They could be assumed to be Northern Yoruba. Their neighbours, include amongst others the Bunu, Ijumu and Ebira. We disagree with Oyelaran in Oyelarah (Ed) 1977:624-651) in classifying Kakanda as part of North Eastern Yoruba alongside Igbomina, Igbolo, Owe, Qworo and so forth. Kakanda is not Yoruboid, it is definitely a Nupoid language.


Just as wilderness ecosystems have been shaped by fire (and the condition of those ecosystems has shaped fire behavior), wilderness policy has been affected by fire policy (and vice versa). The Wilderness Act and subsequent wilderness bills have addressed fire, and policy has evolved to recognize the free play of fire as a natural process. Similarly, fire policy has evolved to accommodate the peculiar demands of wilderness. This co-evolution has its origin in the confluence of ecological thought and wilderness philosophy that occurred in the late 20th century. For most of the century, fire was considered a universal threat to people, resources, and wildlands. Eventually though the observations of foresters like Aldo Leopold (1924) and Elers Koch (Arno and Fiedler 2005) added to the research of scientists such as Harold Weaver (1943) and Herb Stoddard (1935) to force realization of the role of fire in sustaining species and maintaining the character of ecosystems. In 1963 a panel of ecologists responded to the National Park Service's request for a management review with the suggestion that "The goal [of park management] is to maintain or create the mood of wild America" (Leopold et al. 1963). They recommended fire be restored to the national parks. Passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964 represented the culmination of the "fight for the freedom of the wilderness" begun by John Muir and sworn to by Robert Marshall (1930) and the other founders of The Wilderness Society in 1935. According to the Wilderness Act definition, "Wilderness [retains] its primeval character and influence [and] generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature" (emphasis added). It became clear that those "forces of nature" include fire. The purpose of this article is to briefly review the policy history of wilderness fire, identify some barriers to its increased use, and propose some policy changes that could lead to more harmonious relations among people, fire, and wilderness. Wilderness Fire Policy This article is by no means intended to provide a comprehensive review of wilderness fire policy. For such a review, there is the excellent work of Kilgore (1986) and Parsons and Landres (1998), a number of papers presented at the 1999 Wilderness Science Conference (Agee 2000; Parsons 2000; Zimmerman and Bunnell 2000), or, for a more poetic treatment, Pyne's 1995 "Vestal Fires and Virgin Lands." Together, these reviews characterize the history of policy from the advent and growth of wilderness fire management, to the calamity of Yellowstone in 1988, and through rebirth and recovery. Briefly, wilderness fire policy history began with the fires of 1910, which burned millions of acres in Idaho and Montana, killing 86 people and destroying entire communities. That experience led to a policy of intolerance and all-out suppression of fire throughout most of the 20th century. The accumulation of scientific evidence and societal desire to leave some parts of the country beyond direct human control, however, led to a shift in policy, initiated by the National Park Service in 1968 and followed by the USDA Forest Service in 1978, whereby some natural fires could be allowed to burn in specified locations under previously identified conditions. Over two decades, this prescribed natural fire (PNF) policy spread from its original application in California to national parks and wilderness areas across the country (see figure 1). Whatever momentum had built up over that period ended abruptly in the summer of 1988 when a succession of fires that were allowed to burn in Yellowstone National Park encountered extreme fire weather and blew up into the STEWARDSHIP


Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Chemically controlled dislocation migration in two-dimensional MoS2 XIAOLONG ZOU, MINGJIE LIU, BORIS YAKOBSON, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Dept. of Chemistry, and Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University — As an additional Gibbs degree of freedom, chemical potential plays an important role in determining various properties of hetero-elemental two-dimensional (2D) materials, ranging from the equilibrium shape [1], to defect structures [2,3], electronic [3], and magnetic properties [4]. Here, by first-principles calculations, we demonstrate how the chemical potential control can be adopted as a feasible strategy to tune the dislocation dynamics in 2D MoS2. Depending on the structures of the migrating dislocations, two different dynamic mechanisms are revealed, either through the direct bond-rebinding (BR) mechanism, where only single metal atom moves significantly, or concerted migration (CM), in which case several atoms rearrange concurrently. The migration barriers for CM mechanism could be 2 to 4 times larger as the BR ones. Our detailed analyses show that under certain range of chemical potential some dislocations with high mobility could nevertheless also have quite high stability, which opens up the possibility of enhanced plasticity and suggests intriguing future applications. [1] Y. Liu, X. Zou, and B. I. Yakobson, ACS Nano, 6, 7053-7058 (2012). [2] W. Zhou*, X. Zou*, S. Najmaei, et al., Nano Lett., 13, 2615-2522 (2013). [3] X. Zou, Y. Liu, and B. I. Yakobson, Nano Lett., 13, 253-258 (2013). [4] Z. Zhang, X. Zou, V. H. Crespi, and B. I. Yakobson, ACS Nano, 7, 10475-10481 (2013). Xiaolong Zou Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Dept. of Chemistry, and Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University Date submitted: 14 Nov 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


Sepsis is a life-threatening illness caused by an excessive host response to infection. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a serious complication of sepsis, is characterized by pulmonary edema and alveolar barrier injury. However, there is no effective drug proven to reduce the mortality of ARDS yet. Lithium chloride (LiCl) is an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Recent studies reveal that GSK-3β inhibition exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis thereby ameliorating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Given that GSK-3β inhibition has been investigated for various diseases, whether LiCl exerting a novel therapeutic effect for treating endotoxemia-induced ARDS remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of LiCl on endotoxemia-induced lung inflammation, respiratory failure, and the pulmonary barrier integrity of respiratory membrane. Mice intraperitoneally injected with LPS could induce a significant lymphopenia, lung inflammation with amount immune cells infiltration, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression in lung supernatants. LiCl treatment ameliorated lung inflammation and lung function decline in LPS mice. In addition, LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6, as well as CXCL1 were significantly lessened after LiCl treatment. The measurements of E-cadherin/VE-cadherin expression in lung tissues and IgM in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids indicated that LiCl could partly ameliorate LPS-mediated loss of pulmonary barrier integrity. Accordingly, LiCl effectively attenuated sepsis-caused lung inflammation, lung function decline, and alveolar barrier injury, which suggested that LiCl might act as a potential repurposing drug for treating ARDS in future.


A carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced carbon/carbon composite fabricated using the dielectrophoresis and chemical vapor infiltration is described. CNT content is found to decrease with increasing frequency and has a strong influence on the temperature distribution along the thickness direction of the preforms. The density variation with position in the CNT‐added preform at 500 Hz is the smallest (0.012 g cm−3), while the CNT‐added preforms at 50 Hz and 5 000 Hz could not be densified efficiently. The flexural strength and modulus of the composite at 500 Hz are increased by nearly 12.2 and 19.7%, respectively, compared to that of the composite at DC 30 V.


The word " algorithm " derives from the name of the Per sian mathematician (Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa) Al-Khwarizmi who lived from about 790 CE to about 840 CE. He wrote a book, Hisab al-jabr w'al-muqabala, that also named the subject " algebra. " Numerical analysis is the subject which studies algorithms for computing √ expressions defined with real numbers. The square-root y is an example of such an expression; we evaluate this today on a calculator or in a computer 2 program as if it were as simple as y. It is numerical analysis that has made this possible, and we will study how this is done. But in doing so, we will see that the same approach applies broadly to include functions that cannot be named, and it even changes the nature of fundamental questions in mathematics, such as the impossibility of finding expressions for roots of order higher than 4. There are two different phases to address in numerical analysis: • the development of algorithms and • the analysis of algorithms. These are in principle independent activities, but in reality the development of an algorithm is often guided by the analysis of the algorithm, or of a simpler algorithm that computes the same thing or something similar. There are three characteristics of algorithms using real numbers that are in conflict to some extent: • the accuracy (or consistency) of the algorithm, • the stability of the algorithm, and • the effects of finite-precision arithmetic (a.k.a. round-off error). The first of these just means that the algorithm approximates the desired quantity to any required accuracy under suitable restrictions. The second means that the behavior of the algorithm is continuous with respect to the parameters of the algorithm. The third topic is still not well understood at the most basic level, in the sense that there is not a well-established mathematical model for finite-precision arithmetic. Instead, we are forced to use crude upper bounds for the behavior of finite-precision arithmetic


This article is devoted to the analysis of permanent and temporary migrations of the Altai Region population in the context of the socio-economic space integration. Intraregional, interregional and international migration links were described; factors and mechanisms that determine their scale, intensity and effectiveness were identified; specificity of the influence of the various migration types on the development of integration processes in the socio-economic space was shown. In the field of population exchange with other regions of Russia, the region acts as a donor, which limits its demographic potential both for its own development and for the development of integration processes in other areas. International migrations were characterized by the expansion of the migration interactions space, the complexity of its structure and the positive migration balance with neighboring countries throughout the study period. Intra-regional migrations were characterized by the concentration of the population in large cities and surrounding rural areas. As a result, there was a fragmentation of the internal socioeconomic space. Within the dynamics of the analyzed interactions, four stages were distinguished, two of which (1990-1994s and 2010-2013s) were characterized by an increase in migration ties, and the other two (1995-2009s and 2014-2020s) by their weakening. The conclusion about the expanding space of interregional migration interactions and especially significant role of Siberian regions in this process was made.


Although the reliability of wind turbines have improved over time, there is still considerable interest in improving their availability. As the generator system has a sizeable contribution to the overall failure rates of turbines, it is important to consider methods of reducing the effects of these failures on the availability of turbines. This paper examines modular concepts for wind turbine generator systems from the point of view of increasing the availability of wind turbines. It explores the modularities possible in wind turbine generator systems at different layers, i.e. the functional and the physical layer. The paper also attempts to highlight some opportunities and challenges in including modularity in these layers.


Phycocyanin (PC) is one of the main pigments of algae Spirulina, which is used as a dietary supplement due to its high content of protein, vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. Using of extracted PC from Spirulina platensis was evaluated on growth, the body coloration (Skin and tissue), body chemical composition and digestive enzymes in guppy fish (Poeciliareticulata). 80 guppy fish with an average weight of 0.88±0.10 g were chosen. Feeding was performed on a daily basis for 3 times and fish were cultured for 45 days and period light was 12:12 (light: dark). Based on the result final weight, final length, SGR, WGR, LGR, PER and ADG has shown significant increasing when PC level was increased up to 0.15%. Phycocianin added to the diets made significantly to increase total pigments in guppy tissue. Protease activity was highly significant in different treatments (p<0.05) and extremely increased from zero up to 0.15% in fish fed with diets. PC made increase in total pigments in guppy fish when PC was between 0.05% to 0.15% and also the fish is brightly colored in skin. The present investigation reveal that, fish fed with 0.15% Spirulina PC elicited growth parameters and by increasing spirulina PC in diets of P.reticulata was increased


We introduce a flow‐dependent version of the quadratic Steiner tree problem in the plane. An instance of the problem on a set of embedded sources and a sink asks for a directed tree T spanning of these nodes and a bounded number of Steiner points, such that ∑ e ∈ E ( T ) f ( e ) | e | 2 is a minimum, where f(e) is the flow on edge e. The edges are uncapacitated and the flows are determined additively, that is, the flow on an edge leaving a node u will be the sum of the flows on all edges entering u. Our motivation for studying this problem is its utility as a model for relay augmentation of wireless sensor networks. In these scenarios, one seeks to optimize power consumption—which is predominantly due to communication and, in free space, is proportional to the square of transmission distance—in the network by introducing additional relays. We prove several geometric and combinatorial results on the structure of optimal and locally optimal solution‐trees (under various strategies for bounding the number of Steiner points) and describe a geometric linear‐time algorithm for constructing such trees with known topologies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 64(1), 18–28 2014


(1) Background: Operational properties and durability of dies in different metal-forming processes significantly depend on their surface quality. Major die failures are related to surface damage due to heat checking cracks, wear, etc. Thereby, strengthening of the working surfaces of dies for hot bending, stamping, forging, and die casting processes is an urgent engineering challenge. Surface alloying with high-energy beams improves the properties of steel products. In these processes, the alloying powders and the treated surfaces can be remelted by electron beam within a short time while the bulk structure of the component remains unchanged, resulting in minimal distortion. The paper presents the results of the electron beam surface alloying (EBSA) of H21 and L6 tool steels with the treatment pastes containing boron carbide and aluminum powders. (2) Methods: Two types of pastes were used for surface alloying: a single-component (B4C) paste and a two-component (B4C+Al) one. The microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, and elemental and phase composition of the layers obtained on steels were investigated. (3) Results: Four layers up to 0.4 mm thick were distinguished on the surface of the steels after the EBSA. Metallographic analysis showed coarse dendrite formation in the layers embedded in matrices of a eutectic or a solid solution. Microhardness of the steels after the two-component EBSA was higher than after B4C EBSA, which was related to a higher concentration of hard phases, such as iron borides and carbides. In addition, aluminum boride was revealed by the XRD analysis on L6 steel after B4C+Al EBSA. (4) Conclusions: Wear test indicated that the most resistant samples were H21 steel after single B4C EBSA and L6 steel after B4C+Al EBSA. Both samples contained carbon particles in the layer contributing to the high wear resistance as a lubricant. The conducted research is beneficial for mechanical engineering, automotive engineering, medical technology, aerospace engineering, and related industries, where coatings with high microhardness, wear resistance, and surface quality are demanded.


X iv :1 31 1. 14 20 v1 [ m at h. C V ] 6 N ov 2 01 3 COEFFICIENT DETERMINANTS INVOLVING MANY FEKETE-SZEGÖ-TYPE PARAMETERS K. O. BABALOLA Abstract. We extend our definition (in a recent paper [3]) of the coefficient determinants of analytic mappings of the unit disk to include many Fekete-Szegö-type parameters, and compute the best possible bounds on certain specific determinants for the choice class of starlike functions. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) : 30C45, 30C50. Keyword: Hankel determinants, coefficient determinants, Fekete-Szegö parameters, starlike functions. 1. Hankel Determinants with Parameters In a recent paper [3], we extended the definition of the well known Hankel determinant for coefficients of analytic mappings to include the also well known Fekete-Szegö parameter as follows: Definition A. Let λ be a nonnegative real number. Then for integers n ≥ 1 and q ≥ 1, we define the q-th Hankel determinants with Fekete-Szegö parameter λ, that is Hλ q (n), as H q (n) = ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ an an+1 · · · λan+q−1 an+1 · · · · · · .. .. .. .. .. an+q−1 · · · · · · an+2(q−1) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣


E ighteenth-century European Enlightenment knowledges invented social collectives and liberal individuals. Since that time, populations have been understood through statistics and policy interventions — the social body assayed and treated for its insufficiencies. Governing people came to mean, most critically, combining science and government to maximize civic management and economic productivity. Such developments coincided with and cross-pollinated economic transformations that forged industrial and finance capitalism. In this brief piece, I aim to explain how the history of US universities is characterized by an expansion of governmentality, in the sense of research undertaken for the public weal and teaching that reaches into the lives of the populace to train it in self-regulation; and an expansion of commodification, as research becomes animated more and more by corporate needs, students are increasingly addressed as consumers of education, and paymasters and administrators accrete authority over academics. Both tendencies increase hierarchization. Many writers working within the governmentality tradition do so in a way that assumes an incommensurability with Marxist critique. I see no logical reason for this. I acknowledge that the project of neoliberal governing-at-a-distance has its own logics and materialities; they fit the agenda and methods of corporatization as much as governmentality. I argue that both tendencies have been at play since the emergence of higher education as part of public culture in the US 150 years ago, but that neoliberalism has maximized their influence in recent times. The classic US model of higher education aims to equip students with a liberal inclination that re-


Vegetables are good sources of vitamins. For that reason the World Health Organisation recommends daily consumption of at least 200g of vegetables. However, this requirement is met only partially worldwide. Increasing the bioavailability of fat-soluble (non)-nutrients could make intake of those sources more effective. Here, the hypothesis was tested whether this goal can be achieved by adding mayonnaise to a dressing for a salad. Nine healthy subjects (28.7±4.7 years old, BMI of 26.7±2.1 kg/m 2 ) consumed a salad either with a basic dressing (control) or a basic dressing with mayonnaise (test). After both interventions, α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin K 1 and retinyl palmitate were measured in chylomicron-rich plasma fractions. The average relative bioavailability (-95% CI, +95% CI) was +80% (-3%, 232%) for α-carotene (P=0.0591), +91% (22%, 200%) for β-carotene (P=0.0118), and +116% (5%, 344%) for vitamin K 1 (P=0.0392). Retinyl palmitate AUC's increased by 117% (39%, 242%) (P=0.0039), hence bioconversion of pro-vitamin A to retinol doubled. In conclusion, addition of mayonnaise to a dressing for a salad increased the uptake of the (non)-nutrients analysed in this study. Therefore, adding mayonnaise may be an interesting dietary approach to improve the nutritive value of vegetables, which are frequently under-consumed.


If international trade is strictly trade in intermediate goods, would the common presumption, that small, less developed economies (the South) lose from trade wars still be true? We address this question by constructing a dynamic general equilibrium model in which the North and the South trade technology-embodied intermediate goods. We show that the detrimental effects of the trade war are mitigated by the fact that producers in the South can adjust their choice of imported intermediate goods and their investment in domestic technologies. We establish sufficient conditions under which the steady-state trade equilibrium length of the production line and the range of domestic production in the South both expand in response to a tariff war. It thereby creates a novel channel of scale-scope trade-off: The South counters the losses from trade protection in the volume and value of trade (scale) with an upward movement along the value chain (scope). As a result, average productivity in the South and aggregate technology used by the South both turn out to be higher.


This article analyses 89 cases which apply the new technique of giving water localized injection, and finds that it is a simple and convenient method on delivery analgesia, which can obviously reduce pain of deliver and decrease the rate of caesarean section and have no influence on neonates. So we all think this method have wide application prospect.


266Background: The characteristic histological feature of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAD) is extensive desmoplasia alongside leukocytes and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Desmoplasia is a known barrier to the absorption and penetration of therapeutic drugs. Stromal cells are key elements for a clinical response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, but few models exist to analyze the spatial and architectural elements that compose the complex tumor microenvironment in PAD. Methods: We created a deep learning algorithm to analyze images and quantify cells and fibrotic tissue. Histopathology slides of PAD patients (pts) were then used to automate the recognition and mapping of adenocarcinoma cells, leukocytes, fibroblasts, and degree of desmoplasia, defined as the ratio of the area of fibrosis to that of the tumor gland. This information was correlated with mutational burden, defined as mutations (mts) per megabase (mb) of each pt. Results: The histopathology slides (H&E stain) of 126 pts were obtained from Th...


Aim: To study the effects of low level laser on pain during cavity preparation.
Background: Laser irradiation stabilizes the nerve membrane through an increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and enhanced redox system of the cell. Dental pulp is innervated by non- myelinated C fibres. Laser irradiation reduces the conduction of Ad and C fibres (small diameter fibres), both of which transmit nociceptive pain. The stabilization of the nerve membrane increases neural latency and decreases pain transmission. This study explores whether pre-irradiation with laser reduces pain perception during cavity preparation.
Methodology: A clinical study was done on 50 patients reporting to Army Dental Centre(R&R) having moderate and deep size carious lesions on first/second premolar's bilaterally. The patients selected was apprehensive. On one side, low level lasers irradiation was done prior cavity preparation (Test). On the other contralateral tooth type cavity preparation was done without local anesthesia (Control). The patients pain threshold was noted for both control and test groups using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data was computed and statiscally analyzed.
Results: The patients exhibited reduce pain perception in tooth which had prior laser irradiation as compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Laser analgesia with low level lasers can be used as routine protocol for reducing pain perception in apprehensive patients undergoing cavity preparation.


The Apatemyidae are a unique radiation of insectivorous mammals known from the Paleogene of North America, Europe, and India. Apatemyids are rare components of the faunas where they are found, and small sample sizes create difficulties in interpreting variation and establishing meaningful taxonomy. Despite disagreement regarding the number of genera and species, there is agreement that two apatemyid genera exist sequentially during the Eocene in North America. The genus Apatemys appears during the Wasatchian and persists through the Duchesnean, followed by Sinclairella, which persists from the Duchesnean through the Arikareean. Here, we describe apatemyid specimens collected from three sites in Sioux County, Nebraska, during field seasons from 2011–2016. All three localities include specimens of Sinclairella dakotensis, nearly doubling the number of known specimens of Sinclairella from Nebraska. In addition, one of these localities, the Whitehead Creek locality, includes two upper molars of a second apatemyid taxon that we assign to the genus Apatemys. Reevaluation of the apatemyid sample from the temporally and geographically proximate Raben Ranch locality suggests that one m1, previously assigned to Sinclairella, belongs to the same species of Apatemys represented at Whitehead Creek. When taken in conjunction with a single M2 from Chadronian-age deposits of the Cypress Hills Formation, Saskatchewan, these new specimens indicate that at least two species of Apatemys persist into the late Eocene of the Great Plains Faunal Province. Moreover, they add to a growing list of taxa that persist as relicts in the Chadronian of the Great Plains after extinction elsewhere. Matthew A. Tornow. Department of Anthropology, Saint Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, Saint Cloud, Minnesota 56301, USA. firstname.lastname@example.com Tafline C. Arbor. Division of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3200 Cold Spring Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222, USA. email@example.com


Chinese traditional sculpture and painting have strong interoperability in terms of patterns, colors, and lines. Chinese sculpture and painting art are traditional Chinese works of art. The art of painting is often the basis for sculptural art. A good sculptural work of art often requires the pattern and color foundation of the painting. Moreover, Chinese traditional sculpture artworks often reflect certain historical information and humanistic spirit. Traditional artificial methods are often difficult to discover the intercommunication between cultural information between Chinese sculpture and painting. For the interoperability between sculpture and painting artworks, artists only rely on professional knowledge and aesthetic ability to discover some interoperability in patterns, colors, and lines, which is insufficient for understanding Chinese sculpture and painting. This study designs a novel hybrid CNN-LSTM method to study the interoperability of Chinese sculptures and paintings in terms of patterns, colors, lines, and cultural information. CNN can extract patterns, colors, and line features of Chinese paintings and sculptures. The cultural characteristics of Chinese sculptures have obvious temporal characteristics, which can be mined by LSTM technology. The research results show that the hybrid CNN-LSTM method has good feasibility and accuracy in studying the interoperability of traditional Chinese sculpture and painting. In terms of average error, the largest error is only 3.03% and this part of the error comes from the prediction of Chinese sculpture and painting cultural information. All other features of traditional sculpture and painting are predicted to be within 3%. For the prediction of color features, the error is only 1.13%. Prediction errors for patterns, colors, and lines are within acceptable limits.


The harmonious appearance in multilevel inverter output voltage is more for the case of unequal DC sources. In this paper, a hybrid technique incorporating fuzzy inference system (FIS) and artificial bee's colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed. FIS is a rule-based artificial intelligent technique which is used for generating the data set in terms of switching angle, harmonic voltage and harmonic distortion. The data set is generated as per the behaviour of the multilevel inverter without using any harmonic elimination technique. In the generated data set, the switching angle and the harmonic voltage are categorised as SMALL, MEDIUM and LARGE. Then, the ABC algorithm is used to optimise the selection of switching angles from the training data set. The performance of the proposed hybrid technique is tested on a 7-level cascade H-bridge inverter for different voltage levels of unequal DC sources using MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed technique is evaluated by comparing the reduction capacity of total harmonic distortion for different voltage levels of unequal DC sources with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm and fuzzy-PSO algorithm.


Only two presidential elections ago, V. O. Key worried about the effect of theories of electoral behavior on practicing politicians. "If they see voters as most certainly responsive to nonsense," he warned, "they will give them nonsense. If they see voters as susceptible to delusion, they will delude them." Perhaps in response to Key's concern, the contributors to this symposium and other writers have sought to discover, and frankly to emphasize, the importance of issues in voting. I believe we have accomplished this central purpose. It is no longer "perverse and unorthodox," as in Key's time, to argue that "voters are not fools," and that elections are meaningful democratic acts.


Presentations of academic identity in relation to other narratives of the self are complicated in an age of mobility as an individual's past and the present lie in different socio-cultural and political contexts. Such complication can be hidden or revealed as part of the story of the professional self such as a narrative which presents academic identity situated in the ebb and flow between personal and social identities. Narrative requires reflective reading and draws the reader into dialogue as academics present their stories and reflect on the mingling of identities. Academics relate the hurts of professional relationships to considering the blending of identities, and the positioning of the professional academic self in relation to academic organisations and social engagement. From these perspectives, a personal narrative reflects on a story where the professional coating of academic armour is removed to reveal an unexpected history hidden by perceptions of the professional self.


The absolute direct excitation cross section of the 9.14 eV O I /sup 3/P..-->../sup 5/S/sup 0/ transition (1356 A) has been measured from 13.9 to 30.0 eV incident energy. The measurement was carried out by comparing the 9.14 eV /sup 5/S/sup 0/ signal to the 9.51 eV /sup 3/S/sup 0/ signal and using the known /sup 3/P..-->../sup 3/S/sup 0/ transition cross section for normalization. The differential cross sections (DCS) peak near 60/sup 0/ scattering angle and generally decrease both at very small and large angles although the 13.9 eV DCS is nearly isotropic. The DCS values were integrated to give integral cross sections (ICS) at the various incident energies. The result for the peak of the cross section near 15 eV was 3 x 10/sup -18/ cm/sup 2/ ( +- 40%), in excellant agreement with the calculations of Julienne and Davis (1976). However, the ICS was significantly more sharply peaked in energy than the theoretical result. The results along with previous measurements of the /sup 3/P..-->../sup 5/P transition direct excitation cross section and total emission cross section experiments are consistent with a maximum value of the total 1356 A emission cross section at the peak of 9--12 x 10/sup 18/more » cm/sup 2/. copyright The American Geophysical Union 1989« less


Berthelsen and Cronqvist recently published an article in Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica including aspects which could lead on to further discussion about the Danish 1952–53 poliomyelitis epidemic. This paper considers how Bjørn Ibsen's initial approach to treatment during the epidemic was successful, as well as how it could have failed; the roles played by ventilatory failure vs. gross neurologic destruction in causing deaths; and compilations from publications of statistics concerning mortality of the epidemic.


Newton's First Law of Motion states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion and once in motion, that is when it develops momentum, it will tend to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force. First elucidated in 1687 in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Newton's first law of motion can also be applied to study of student completion for like objects students at rest tend to stay at rest and students in motion tend to stay in motion. Once they gain momentum, that is acquire degree credits, they are more likely to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Furthermore, the greater the rate at which students acquire degree credits, the greater their momentum toward degree completion and in turn the greater the likelihood they will stay in motion to degree completion even when external forces intervene (Astin & Oseguera, 2005). Gaining and maintaining momentum is key to student completion. This is but one reason why a number of states have begun to focus on the importance of student momentum to college completion. The Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, for instance, utilized the analysis of the transcripts of more than 87,000 first-time community and technical college students who entered the Washington system in the 2001-2002 academic year to


The paper states the importance of the free market in combating racial prejudice through the ability to offer compensating price differentials. Required withdrawal of US firms from South Africa would have a negative effect on race relations in South African workplaces.


The optical absorption spectrum of bulk silver has been measured polarimetrically as a function of temperature in an ultra-high vacuum. The spectrum was obtained from 2.8 eV to 4.3 eV over the temperature range 298 K - 773 K. The absorption edge at 4.0 eV split into two components as the temperature was increased. The stronger component remained relatively static while the weaker moved to lower energy. The stronger component was attributed to the L3-L2'(EF) transition while the weaker was attributed to the L2'-L1 transition. The energy loss function -Im (1/) was heavily damped with increasing temperature


The egg-shaped curves is one of the complex curves for design road line,but the related contend is very rare. So,there are much practical meanings for giving the course of computation coor-dinates of egg-shaped curves according to the definition of egg-shaped curves and its design-parameter.


Objective: We aimed to present our experience on arthroscopic management of tibial intercondylar eminence fracture in adolescent athletes. Methods: This was a case series of 9 adolescents (7 males, 2 females) aged 10-16 years diagnosed with tibial intercondylar eminence fracture following a sports activity. According to Meyers and McKeever classification, 4 patients had Type IIIA, 3 had Type IIIB, and 2 patients had Type II fracture. Following percutaneous arthroscopic reduction, the fragments of the fracture were fixed internally and anterior cruciate ligament was reconstructed through two 2.4 mm parallel tunnels at the level of anterior tibia by using fiber wire suture and U screws. Anterior tibial displacement was measured by KT-1000 knee arthrometer, and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale was used for the patient-reported outcomes. Results: The duration of operation was 31.6±8.9 min. The patients were followed up for 37.1±19.1 months. Theanterior tibial displacement relative to the femur was 1.4±0.7 mm. TheLysholm score was 95.8±3.1. None of the patients developed infection. The complete fracture healing was obtained in all patients. Conclusion: Arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation by fiber wire suture and U screws provide perfect anatomic and functional outcome for displaced Type II and Type III tibial intercondylar eminence fracture in adolescent athletes.


This paper studies the role of governance mechanisms, CEO"s cognitive characteristics and firms" financial features in justifying the CEO"s escalatory behavior in firm"s investment decision. This study aims to provide evidence as to whether managers consider the persuasive influence of governance mechanisms and the firm"s financial indicators to persevere his initial investment decision while he notes a high level of commitment bias. The proposed model of this paper uses Bayesian Network Method to examine this relationship. CEO"s cognitive characteristics have been measured by means of a questionnaire comprising several items. As for the selected sample, it has been composed of some 220 Tunisian executives. Our results have revealed the inefficient role of governance mechanisms as a persuasive communication. Managers who note a high commitment level per severe a failed course of action and ignore the governance pressure and the firm financial strength. This article has implications for the development of new


The BioBentall procedure has many options, but the optimal approach is still not determined. Alternative options for aortic root surgery include Ross procedure and modification of the Bentall – De Bono procedure using autologous pericardium leaflets. This literature review showed topical issues of surgical technique and the results of various modifications of the BioBentall operation, as well as methods of the aortic root repair using autologous materials. The search strategy included the analysis of international (PubMed, Scopus, Embase) and Russian's databases (Russian Science Citation Index). The BioBentall procedure demonstrates satisfactory early and long-term results comparable to both the classic Bentall – De Bono procedure and valve-sparing techniques. Composite grafts containing frameless bioprostheses seem to be more promising and durable in comparison with stent-grafts, however, given the minimal amount of publications directly comparing these techniques, further study of this hypothesis is necessary. Total xenopericardial conduits have demonstrated higher rates of degradation and are currently not recommended for use, as demonstrated in most foreign studies. Modified Ross procedure shows excellent hemodynamic outcomes in the long-term follow-up, however, the literature data regarding its applicability in a cohort of patients with proximal aortic aneurysms are limited. The combination of the Bentall – De Bono procedure and autopericardial neocuspidization seems to be a promising and cost-effective method, however, this approach requires a clinical assessment, which results have not been yet published.
Received 26 February 2022. Revised 20 April 2022. Accepted 21 April 2022.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: R.N. Komarov, A.M. IsmailbaevDrafting the article: A.N. Dzyundzya, A.O. Danachev, O.O. Ognev, M.V. LencovetsCritical revision of the article: S.V. CherniavskiiFinal approval of the version to be published: R.N. Komarov, A.M. Ismailbaev, S.V. Cherniavskii, A.N. Dzyundzya, A.O. Danachev, O.O. Ognev, M.V. Lencovets


Julian Steward is attracting renewed attention from historians of anthropology and among fans and opponents alike. Virginia Kerns's book offers an insightful reanalysis of Steward's anthropology by emphasizing what might be termed the social histories of his ideas. Neither proor anti-Steward in any essentialist way, Kerns's treatment traces the origins of his ideas in detail and often, more interestingly, with well-argued speculative analysis which relates Steward's upbringing and his wellknown prejudices to his anthropological theory. Steward was born in Washington, D.C., in 1902 and died in Urbana, Illinois, in 1972. In later life he rarely mentioned his youth in Washington. His parents split up when he was 16, and he was sent west to live with like-minded boys on a ranch in California and attend a school that they built there. It is this desert influence that Kerns especially emphasizes in the subsequent development of Steward's anthropological ideas on ecology, technology, and ethnography. Steward studied zoology and geology at Cornell and earned his Ph.D. in anthropology at Berkeley in 1929. He held various teaching positions, most notably at Columbia and at Illinois, and he worked for the Bureau of American Ethnology and edited its six-volume Handbook of South American Indians, which was published between 1946 and 1950. His most important fieldwork was with the Shoshone of California, and here Kerns stresses the impact of his early contact with former foragers near the ranch where he spent his youth. Among the controversies he was involved in, Steward famously changed sides from supporting Native American land rights to supporting the U.S. government in Indian Claims Commission law cases. His reasoning was that reservation life amounted to ghettoization and would disadvantage Native Americans in the future. Among Steward's prejudices seems to have been a strong feeling that male dominance was part of human nature. This was reflected personally in his discouragement of female students. It is that Steward was out of


Procurement 4.0 is the result of the industrial revolution (IR) 4.0 technologies implemented into the organization. The incorporation of IR 4.0 with the procurement system in the Malaysian construction industry is still low because of the lack of expertise available to adopt the technology. Therefore, this study investigated relationships between procurement 4.0 elements, organizational performance, and mediating effect of intention to optimize the procurement process. To support this study, resource-based view theory and theory of planned behaviour were applied. This study focuses on 5267 G7 Malaysia construction companies. 413 online survey questionnaires were distributed using cluster random sampling techniques, and 134 responses were successfully acquired, representing 32.45% of the response rate. SmartPLS was used to analyze the data. Seven hypotheses are supported, while three are not supported. The mediating effect of intention to optimize the procurement process is significant only in the relationship between procurement 4.0 strategy and organizational performance.


Detection apparatus and method of the present invention relates to a gas, there is disclosed an apparatus and method for detecting impurities in the corrosive gas analysis through the switching valve, varying the gas flow to be separated and detected. The present invention is of simple structure, simple and quick analysis can detect online; Good impurities separated components; purity to meet the needs of different analysis corrosive gases.


The article's objective was to analyse the premises of the policy concerning the Republic of Poland's cyber-space protection, presented in the document entitled The policy of protecting the cyberspace of Republic of Poland, published by the Ministry of Administration and Digitization of Poland and the Internal Security Agency in 2013. The current article examines the postulates and guidelines included therein, and also confronts them with selected elements of the system of Poland's cyber-space protection. The author is ready to agree with the creators of the strategy discussed that the complete management of the tele-information risk is impossible. It may only be feasible to attain a certain, acceptable level of such management. The implementation of the priorities of the discussed policy may, presumably, contribute considerably to this end. Particularly important in this context are the following: precise definition of competencies of entities responsible for cyber-space security, creation and implementation of uniform, for all entities of the government administration, a system of management of cyber-space risk, as well as formulation of related guidelines for non-public entities, and also creation of permanent system of coordination and exchange of information between entities responsible for cyber-space security and the cyber-space users themselves, and finally, making the latter fully realise the methods and measures of assuring cyber-space security.


Prescribing medication is a complex process that, when done inappropriately, can lead to adverse drug events, resulting in patient harm and hospital admissions. Worldwide cost is estimated at 42 billion USD each year. Despite several efforts in the past years, medication‐related harm has not declined. The aim was to determine whether a prescriber‐focussed participatory action intervention, initiated by a multidisciplinary pharmacotherapy team, is able to reduce the number of in‐hospital prescriptions containing ≥1 prescribing error (PE), by identifying and reducing challenges in appropriate prescribing.


ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were (1) to use egg development in the adult worm of Proterometra macrostoma as a means to delineate new infections of centrarchid fishes with this digenean and (2) to assess histopathology associated with infection of the fish host. An equal mix of adult worm ages/types based on eggs stages was produced by exposing individual hatchery-reared bluegill to the same number of cercariae at weekly intervals. These results confirmed the use of egg stages for differentiating recent vs. older infections in fishes from North Elkhorn Creek, Scott County, Kentucky, during June and July 2002. Between 50.5% and 74.4% of worms recovered from naturally infected warmouth, bluegill, and longear sunfish lacked eggs or possessed eggs in early cleavage with a large vitelline mass implicating summer as a period for new infections of fishes with this worm. A proportionately smaller number of P. macrostoma containing eggs in late cleavage (11.4–20.5%) or with miracidia (14.6–29.7%) was also found at this time. In experimental infections of hatchery-reared bluegill, damage to the host mucosa appeared restricted to the attachment site. The oral sucker of adult worms constricted the mucosa of the host esophagus and stomach, causing hemorrhaging and epithelial necrosis. Complete detachment of host tissue in the oral sucker of many worms was confirmed through serial sections, yet no experimentally infected fish died before they were sacrificed at the end of this study.


This paper deals with the analysis, design and control of a proposed standalone hybrid renewable energy conversion system based on solar and wind energy sources employing a full bridge dc-dc converter and a Permanent Magnet Brush-Less DC (PMBLDC) generator. The proposed MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controllers of solar-PV (Photo-Voltaic) array and WECS (Wind Energy Conversion System) are operating on P&O (Perturb and Observation) based on FLC (Fuzzy Logic Control) method. It requires the sensing of the dc voltage and current output of solar-PV and the rectified output voltage of PMBLDC generator driven by a wind turbine. The power quality is maintained at the load end by using an output voltage controller of the VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) and the load leveling is implemented through the battery. The model of the system is developed in Matlab and capability of designed MPPT control is investigated during varying solar insolation and wind speeds. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of proposed system.


Abstract. Effects of both potato and tomato residues (obtained following vacuum distillation of leaf homogenate) on responses to galeal chemosensilla of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), to trans‐2‐hexenol, one of the leaf alcohols that stimulate a highly uniform gustatory response in this system, are described. Tomato residue suppressed the response to hexenol in a dose‐dependent manner whereas potato residue had no effect. Suppression was detectable 0.3 s after the first application began and the normal response to hexenol recovered within 2 min. Alkaloids from potato (solanine) and tomato (tomarine) also suppressed the response to hexenol but the characteristic actions of these compounds could not fully explain the activity of the tomato residue. Constituents of tomato residue, in addition to tomatine, are probably responsible for its significant effect on galeal chemosensory responses and these probably comprise a complex set of active compounds that allow the Colorado potato beetle to distinguish potato and tomato leaves.


The relation between religious orientation and mental health was investigated. Measures of religious orientation and devoutness, depression, shame and guilt, existential well-being, and psychological separation from parents were administered to 268 undergraduate students. Four groups were formed. Results indicated that religiously devout intrinsic and proreligious Ss did not differ from less devout extrinsic and nontraditionally religious students in depression, shame, and existential well-being. Intrinsic and proreligious Ss scored higher on guilt proneness and religious well-being and lower on functional, attitudinal, and emotional separation from parents than did nontraditionally religious Ss. Ellis's (1980) religiosity-emotional-disturbance hypothesis was not supported. Some insight into how religion may have both benefits and costs for college students' personality functioning is provided. Implications for counseling are discussed.


As no flint mines are known from the Central European early Neolithic (Linearbandkeramik), data from settlement excavations have to be used to infer the social organisation of flint mining and distribution. The analysis of settlement remains and knapping floors Hanau Klein-Auheim (Hesse, Germany) shows that the locally used tertiary quartzite must have been mined in the immediate vicinity. Knapping techniques were simple and adapted to an abundant supply of raw material. The markedly diverse proportions of cortex-types on the knapping floors point to either a restricted access to the source area or, more probably, to short term, opportunistic visits to the mine with related short-term knapping episodes. The high proportion of tools and their heavy use of artefacts made from imported Maas-flint point to differential values of raw materials based in the symbolic rather than in the strictly economic sphere. Keywords: LBK, Linearbandkeramik, tertiary quartzite, knapping floors, spatial analysis.


The complex conductivity of an ultrathin superconducting NbN film was investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy under an in-plane magnetic field. Simultaneous use of Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory and the model of optical conductivity by Herman and Hlubina [Phys. Rev. B 96, 014509 (2017)] assuming linear dependence of pair-breaking scattering rate on the magnetic field proved to correctly reproduce the terahertz spectra obtained experimentally in a magnetic field of up to 7 T.


Background : The diagnosis of atypical mucosal lesions by performing hematoxylin-eosin staining is too subjective, and it is also subject to considerable inter-observer variation. There is a need for reliable immunohistochemical markers that can give reproducible results and that are not subject to individual interpretation. Methods : We reviewed a total of 199 cases of gastric biopsy specimens, which were all diagnosed as atypical mucosal lesions, and 124 cases of the adenocarcinomas specimens had been classified from category 1 (C1) to C5 according to the Vienna classification. We also examined the immunohistochemical expressions of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and the p53 protein in the gastric biopsy specimens to determine if they were useful markers for differentiatial diagnosis under the Vienna classifications. Results : None of the specimens in categories C1 to C3 showed GLUT1 expression, but 10.1% of the C4 specimens and 25.0% of the C5 specimens were GLUT1-positive (p< 0.05). The expression of p53 was undetectable in the C1 specimens, but this was expressed in 2.9% of the C2 specimens, 15.6% of the C3 specimens, 37.8% of the C4 specimens, and 65.3% of the C5 specimens (p<0.05). Conclusions : The Vienna classification is very applicable to the gastric biopsy specimens of the atypical mucosal lesions, and the GLUT1 and p53 expressions are candidates as highly useful markers to differentiate the Vienna C4 lesions from the C3 and C5 lesions.


Land cover (LC) data incorporation, for weather modeling purposes, highlights many problems. The straightforward Single Level Mode (SLM) aggregation is not adapted for high‐resolution LC maps, with a high number of classes, because it could generate false classifications. We propose a Multi‐Level Mode (MLM) aggregation method that includes a hierarchical structure. This study focuses on the Corine Land Cover (CLC) data set. Differences between MLM and SLM methods are small at the finest horizontal resolution and increase to a value of around 16% at 9‐km horizontal resolution. To further integrate CLC data into WRF (Weather Research Forecasting model), we included a dedicated table of physical parameters next to using the classical conversion toward the USGS one. To evaluate the LC impact on the modeled boundary layer, we used WRF at 1 km to simulate a 4‐day period with diurnal cycles of valley winds in the heterogeneous western pre‐Alps area. We tested three LCs (USGS, MODIS, and CLC), where CLC has two physical parameter tables and two aggregation methods. CLC performs better than other tested LCs. The CLC aggregation methods revealed limited differences between the simulated variables, although the MLM method gives better results. Since these comparisons are restricted to a single location with the same LC type, the differences between various simulations regarding atmospheric parameters probably result from horizontal advection from upwind areas where surface conditions differ. Extended time series with multiple locations and diverse meteorological conditions need to be considered to reinforce the results presented here.


Not very long ago quantitative historians were on the offensive. Only a decade back the eminent "Annales School" French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie stated in the English language translation of a work he had published a decade earlier in his native language that "tomorrow's historian will have to be able to program a computer in order to survive," and that "history that is not quantifiable cannot claim to be scientific." In America, where even more champions of quantitative work resided, several new journals were founded in the 1970s such as the Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Historical Methods, and Social Science History which were explicitly devoted to new social scientific approaches to the study of history and above all to quantitative approaches. And even in Germany, which seemed the most immune to the quantitative contagion of all the major western lands, owing perhaps to its long entrenched historicist traditions and to its historians' preoccupations with the tragic happenings of its still recent past, the decade of the seventies saw the development of several new outlets for quantitative and social scientific historical research such as Geschichte und Gesellschaft and Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung. Hence to most professional historians, whether they liked it or not, quantitative history appeared to be the wave of the future, and ignoring the new possibilities offered by the computer appeared to risk being relegated to the proverbial dustbin.


This paper presents an implementation of a direct active and reactive power control for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), which is applied to a wind generation system as an alternative to the classical field-oriented control (FOC). The FOC has a complex control structure that consists of a current controller, a power controller and frame transformations. The performance of the FOC depends highly on parameter variations of the rotor and stator resistances and the inductances. The proposed direct power control (DPC) method produces a fast and robust power response without the need of complex structure and algorithms. One drawback, however, is its high power ripple during a steady state. In this paper, active and reactive power controllers and space-vector modulation (SVM) are combined to replace hysteresis controllers used in the original DPC drive, resulting in a fixed switching frequency of the power converter. Simulation results with the FOC and DPC for a 3kW DFIG are given and discussed, and the experimental results of a test involving identical machines are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.


Building on the heightened attention that the optic of judicial selection receives in the world of international courts, this article focuses its attention on one particular criterion that is gaining in importance in that respect: gender. By choosing the European Court of Human Rights as a case in point, the article provides a unique analysis of the history of the 2004 Resolution of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly that formulated a rule of gender balance on the list of candidates presented by states for the post of judge at the Court. It first unearths the dynamics that allowed the adoption of the rule as well as all of the fierce opposition it triggered as well as the ways in which counter-mobilization eventually prevailed and watered down the initial rule, with the help of states, the Committee of Ministers and the Court itself (which delivered its first advisory opinion on the topic in 2008). It then looks beyond the static analysis of the rule as a mere constraint and addresses in a more dynamic fashion the multiple interpretations, strategies and, ultimately, politics it opens up. By providing a unique qualitative, comparative and exhaustive analysis of the curriculum vitae of all the 120-odd women who were ever listed as candidates to the Strasbourg judicial bench (1959-2012), the article delivers original data and analyses both the features that women candidates put forth when listed for the job and the strategies of states with regard to the gender criterion. It concludes that while there is a strong proportion of candidates that support the notion that states do not differentiate according to gender or require different qualities from men and women candidates, there is a comparable proposition that contrarily indicates that the world of international judicial appointments is far from gender neutral.


The general participation of Iberian Jewry in the scholastic culture is very well known. Less well known is the continuing influence the Aristotelian tradition had on Spanish and Sefardic Jewish intellectual life in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, including its most particularly Jewish of activities, the interpretation of the Talmud. There appears a new theory and practice of Talmudic hermeneutic, called 'iyyun, "speculation". There is no question that R. Shmuel Ibn Sid is referring to the same logical tradition which Thomas is using as well, and since this is an aspect of logical theory which does not belong to the common scholastic tradition of Moslems, Christians and Jews but to a particular Iberian Christian Scholasticism, it is equally clear that Ibn Sid and his teachers in Spain were conversant with the best of logical thought of their time and applied it in their theory and practice of talmudic interpretation.Keywords: 'iyyun; Aristotelian tradition; Christian; Moslem; R. Shmuel Ibn Sid; Sefardic Jewish; Talmudic interpretation


A new cross-linkable regioregular poly(3-(5-hexenyl)thiophene) (P3HNT) was synthesized via the Grignard metathesis route for the purpose of stabilizing the film morphology in polymer photovoltaic cells. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells with P3HNT and (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) showed initial power conversion efficiency comparable to that of cells with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) due to the high crystallinity of the polymer in the films. P3HNT underwent cross-linking at the vinyl groups of the side chains upon a thermal treatment, which was confirmed by the insolubility of the films in organic solvents and by their thermal behavior. As a result, the formation of large aggregations of PCBM was prevented in P3HNT:PCBM films even after prolonged thermal annealing. In addition, the deterioration of the photoconversion performance was suppressed in the polymer photovoltaic cells compared to cells with noncross-linkable P3HT:PCBM.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To explore the prevalence of EM in an older Chinese population and examine the mediating role of three psychosocial variables – psychological vulnerability, housework involvement, and financial independence – in the relationship between physical frailty and EM. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: The data source was the Third Survey on Chinese Women's Social Status (SCSSW), which is a nationwide decennial survey conducted in 2010. Participants: Community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older who participated in SCSSW (N = 3516). Measurements: The past-year prevalence of EM and its seven subtypes, physical frailty, psychological vulnerability, housework involvement, financial independence, and demographic characteristics. Results: The past-year prevalence of EM was 4% among Chinese older adults, with psychological abuse being the most common subtype (3.9%). A higher level of physical frailty had a direct influence on EM. Older adults with higher levels of physical frailty were more likely to have higher levels of psychological vulnerability (anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness) and lower levels of housework involvement, which further correlated with increased risk of EM. Frail Chinese older adults were less likely to have financial independence, which in turn, surprisingly predicted a lower probability of EM. Conclusions: In this nationally representative sample, we provided the first evidence of the prevalence of EM among Chinese older adults and expanded the global understanding of EM by examining the mediating role of three psychosocial variables. Future studies are warranted to corroborate our findings and identify factors contributing to the complex mechanism of EM.


In our discussion this morning we have been speaking specifically and particularly of conflicts of interests between an officer or key employee or director on the one hand and the corporation by which he is employed on the other. There, the basic test, as we have said, is that of loyalty. A closely related field is that of seizure of corporate opportunity. The areas frequently overlap, so that at times it may be said that there are questions both of seizure of corporate opportunity and conflict of interest in the same litigated case. In others, the courts at times perhaps have confused or mingled the two, where it only would have been necessary to decide the issue either as a seizure of corporate opportunity or as a conflict of interest. Obviously, the two present quite different legal concepts, though closely related. In seizure of corporate opportunity, we are talking about something belonging to the corporation. In conflict of interest, we address ourselves to a situation in which the individual's self interest is in conflict with that of his employer. From these few remarks it can be seen that obviously there will be factual situations where both a seizure of corporate opportunity and a conflict of interest well may exist in the same case.


In recent years,the occupational stress research of the primary and secondary school principals become a hot research.They face great occupational stress that is a problem to be solved.In this article three aspects are reviewed like the occupational stress measurement tools,pressure incentives and mitigation measures.And the paper puts forward the commentary of the author about the previous research.


Mapping the MSME Creative Economy in West Bandung Regency is something that should absolutely be implemented based on the reality that the creative economy is able to make a significant contribution and create a positive business climate. This is based on the fact that MSME in Bandung Regency have the potential for both natural resources and human resources. However, there are still many potential sub-sectors in the creative economy in West Bandung Regency that are not utilized, this is due to the unknown location and type of business. The purpose of this research is to describe the Creative Economy Profile of MSME Creative Economy in West Bandung Regency and to describe the MSME Creative Economy Mapping in West Bandung Regency. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method using a type of social mapping method. Data collection techniques used are primary data and secondary data. Based on the results of the study, the profile obtained that West Bandung Regency has 16 sub-districts with various types of creative economy businesses. Mapping of 16 creative economy sub-sectors in all sub-districts contained only 14 sub-sectors. Two sub-sectors that are not owned in the West Bandung Regency area are Animation, Film and Video and Advertising Sub-sectors. The largest number of creative economy is the performing arts sub-sector, almost all sub-districts have this sub-sector. The largest performing arts sub-sector is in the Lembang district with 1369 creative economy business actors or 64% and the least in Gununghalu district with 4 creative economy business actors or 1%. The suggestion that researchers can convey is that the government should continue to explore and develop the potential of human resources, in this case the younger generation related to the Animation, Film and Video Sub-sector. In the digital era, this has become very familiar to the younger generation associated with this sub-sector.  Keywords: Mapping, Creative Economy, MSME


Information on the expected changes in credit quality of obligors is contained in credit migration matrices which trace out the movements of firms across ratings categories in a given period of time and in a given group of bond issuers. The rating matrices provided by Moody's, Standard &Poor's and Fitch became crucial inputs to many applications, including the assessment of risk on corporate credit portfolios (CreditVar) and credit derivatives pricing. We propose a factor probit model for modeling and prediction of credit rating matrices that are assumed to be stochastic and driven by a latent factor. The filtered latent factor path reveals the effect of the economic cycle on corporate credit ratings, and provides evidence in support of the PIT (point-in-time) rating philosophy. The factor probit model also yields the estimates of cross-sectional correlations in rating transitions that are documented empirically but not fully accounted for in the literature and in the regulatory rules established by the Basle Committee.


Toward a More Universal Currency:
The Impact of the Clearing Mechanism on Developing Economies
As part of a broader plan to reform the system of international finance, experts have indicated the need to modify the system of international money. They point to problems such as the difficulties faced by developing countries in obtaining hard currency needed for imports, or the flows of hot money which make the financing of long-term development projects difficult. Some have called for a form of universal currency, used only in international trade. Developing nations especially need access to a clearing mechanism which would eliminate the transaction costs associated with obtaining hard currency, and reduce the opportunity costs of holding that currency. The application of the clearing mechanism to international finance was originally promoted by John Maynard Keynes, and has been resurrected, among others, by economists of the post-Keynesian school of thought. This paper will examine the context of the original proposal for a universal currency or clearing mechanism, consider the problems of the current paradigm of international finance and how the clearing mechanism could ameliorate them, and discuss whether regional clearing unions could be beneficial to developing nations in the absence of international finance reform.


This study aims are analysis of performance Bank at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk by implementing the RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, Capital) method 2015 until 2018 banks through a composite analysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance Bank at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk by implementing the RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, Capital) method 2015 until 2018. The method used in this study is RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, Capital). The result are the performance ratio of Based on result and discussion so the conclusion is performance bank of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) the value of determination or composite since 2015 until 2018 is healthy, and performance bank used RGEC method as follows: 1) Risk Profile are a). Non Performing Loan (NPL) is in 2015 is healthy, NPL in 2016 is very healthy,NPL in 2017 is very healthy, NPL in 2018 is very healthy. b) Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) is in 2015 unwell, LDR in 2016 is unwell, LDR in 2017 is unwell, LDR in 2018 is unwell. 2) Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is performance GCG in 2015 is healthy, GCG in 2016 is healthy, GCG in 2017 is healthy, GCG in 2018 is healthy. 3) Earning are a) Return on Assets (ROA) is RAO in 2015 is very healthy,ROA in 2016 is very healthy, ROA in 2017 is very healthy, ROA in 2018 is healthy. b) Net Interest Margin (NIM) is NIM in 2015 is very healthy, NIM in 2016 is very healthy, NIM in 2017 is very healthy, in 2018 is very healthy. 4) Capital for Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is in 2015 is very healthy, CAR in 2016 is very healthy CAR in 2017 is very healthy, CAR in 2018 is very healthy.


The effects of wilting and of various chemical additives on the digestibility and palatability of wet legume silages are reported. These silages showed most of the characteristics associated with the ensiling of wet herbage with a low content of soluble carbohydrate. Digestibility of all silages by wether lambs was low and exhibited little difference that might be attributed to the treatments. The untreated silage or the one sprayed with valeric/isovaleric acid, just before feeding, were more palatable to dairy heifers. Silage consumption was sharply reduced when urea was added during ensiling.


The future of aerospace structures is highly dependent on the advancement of reliable and high-performance materials, such as composite materials and metals. Innovation in high resolution non-invasive evaluation of these materials is needed for their qualification and monitoring for
 structural integrity. Aluminum oxide (or α-alumina) nanoparticles present photoluminescent properties that allow stress and damage sensing via photoluminescence piezospectroscopy. This work describes how these nanoparticles are added into a polymer matrix to create functional coatings
 that monitor the damage of the underlying composite or metallic substrates. Different volume fractions of α-alumina nanoparticles in the piezospectroscopic coatings were studied for determining the sensitivity of the coatings and successful damage detection was demonstrated for an open-hole
 tension composite substrate as well as 2024 aluminum tensile substrates with a subsurface notch.


BACKGROUND
Despite increasing incidences of hypertension, recent trends in mortality and urgent dialysis following acute hypertension (AHT) remain undetermined.

METHODS
This retrospective observational cohort study evaluated 50 316 hospitalized AHT patients from 2010 to 2019, using an administrative claims database in Japan. We examined trends in incidence, urgent dialysis, mortality, and its risk factors using Poisson regression models. Using ICD-10 codes, AHT was categorized into 5 spectrums: malignant hypertension (n=1792), hypertensive emergency (n=17 907), hypertensive urgency (n=1562), hypertensive encephalopathy (n=6593), and hypertensive heart failure (HHF; n=22 462).

RESULTS
The median age of the patients was 76 years, and 54.9% were females. The total AHT incidence was 70 cases per 100 000 admission year. The absolute death rate increased from 1.83% (95% CI, 1.40-2.40) to 2.88% ([95% CI, 2.42-3.41]; Cochran-Armitage trend test, P<0.0001). Upward trends were observed in patients aged ≥80, with lean body mass index ≤18.4, and with HHF. Urgent dialysis rates increased from 1.52% (95% CI, 1.12-2.06) to 2.60% (2.17-3.1; Cochran-Armitage trend test; P=0.0071) in 48 235 patients, excluding maintenance dialysis patients. Older age, male, lean body mass, malignant hypertension, HHF, and underlying chronic kidney disease correlated with higher mortality risk; greater hospital volume correlated with lower mortality risk; and malignant hypertension, HHF, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and scleroderma correlated with a higher risk of urgent dialysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Mortality and urgent dialysis rates following AHT have increased. Aging, complex comorbidities, and HHF-type AHT contributed to the rising trend of mortality.


A series of model tests in ice for a ship equipped with twin podded propulsors was made at the ice model basin of National Maritime Research Institute. A tactile sensor system was used to measure local ice loads on the model. The model was tested in a free-running mode. Turning tests as well as straight-going tests were performed. In the straight-going test local ice load was dominant in the forward region of the model. In the turning test significant ice loading occurred in the aft-ship region. The load in the aft-ship region increased with the increase of lateral force of the pods.


The prospect of capital obsolescence inhibits investment. Investors thus become more optimistic when the obsolescence of their capital slows down. We propose a model with no fixed costs of investment, and random technological progress that induces obsolescence of capital in place. Spikes occur precisely when technological progress slows down. Moreover, the more variable the progress, the larger are the spikes. Cross-industry data show that where price of capital declines are more variable, investment spikes are larger. (JEL D21, D41, D42, G31, O31, O33)


The phase relations and kinetics of ordering in fcc-type Cu3Au1-xPdx and Cu3Au1-xPtx (0≤x≤1) were studied. The L12-phase, which is stable in the three terminal binary alloys, also exists in both these quasibinary systems over the whole composition range. The transition temperature from the L12-phase to the Al-phase has a maximum at x=0.55 for the former system and at x=0.56 for the latter system. The dependence of the long-range order parameter upon temperature observed for the stoichiometric alloy Cu3Au0.5Pd0.5 indicates that the transition is of the first order. The superlattice formation was treated thermodynamically by the Bragg-Williams approximation. The transition temperatures from the L12-phase to the disordered Al-phase were calculated for various compositions. The calculated results agree fairly well the experiments for both systems.


University of Minnesota Ed.D. dissertation. September 2012. Major: Educational Policy and Administration. Advisors:Dr. Deanne Magnusson & Dr. Gerald Fry. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 118 pages, appendix A-B.


These discussion notes were originally written for Spring 2007. The figures are from the Howe and Sodini lecture slides, so some notation is different (e.g. threshold voltage is V T n rather than V T H). The sample problem covers a few things we haven't taught this semester (namely calculating V F B). Note that φ s is the surface potential (the potential at x = 0) and φ p is just φ B as we've been using the term this semester. Last week, the lectures covered the operation of the MOS capacitor. Let's briefly review the material covered, in particular the regions of operation (i.e. accumulation, depletion, and inversion) and how to obtain a qualitative understanding of how the capacitance arrives in these regions of operation. I will assume an n+ gate an p-type substrate for this discussion. Recall that accumulation occurs when we set V GB < V F B , pulling the gate to a potential below the substrate. From the graph of potential across the MOS structure (see Figure 1), we know that dV dx is positive, meaning E(x), the electric field, is negative, or pointing in the negative x direction. This causes holes to accumulate at the top of the substrate and electrons to accumulate at the bottom of the n+ gate. Figure 1: Potential across a MOS capacitor in accumulation. This is exactly the behavior we imagine from a parallel plate capacitor. If we incrementally change V GB while the device is in accumulation, we're incrementally changing the slope of V , meaning we're incrementally changing E(x), which is a constant value for a given V F B. For a parallel plate capacitor, we have C = d (capacitance per unit area), where is the permittivity of the dielectric material and d is the distance between the separated charges. In this case, we have = ox and d = t ox , so the capacitance in accumulation is C ox = ox tox. Depletion occurs when V F B < V GB < V T n. Figure 2 shows the potential across the MOS capacitor when operating in the depletion mode.


This article provides an analysis of the current state of the textile industry in the country, the volume of production and export figures by country, as well as proposals for further development of the textile industry.


Collaborative Research T he International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), working with hundreds of partners in developing countries, produces technologies and knowledge that better enable farmers, mainly smallholders, to enhance ecoefficiency in agriculture. This means we help make production more competitive and profitable as well as sustainable and resilient through economically and ecologically sound use of natural resources and purchased inputs.


The impact of globalization—including its gender impact—should be assessed from a human security perspective. The concept of human security provides a useful framework for evaluating globalization's affect on people, especially its gender dimensions. Human security goes beyond concepts of poverty, inequality and human rights, and emphasizes the downside risks or changes in the level of human well-being due to sudden changes that threaten the vital core of human lives. Globalization is a process that creates instabilities and can heighten many risks. Women are particularly vulnerable to these new threats. Addressing these threats requires international action and an initiative that sets an agenda for addressing new global threats with a gender perspective.