The problem of the commutative equivalence of context-free and regular languages is studied. Conditions ensuring that a context-free language of exponential growth is commutatively equivalent with a regular language are investigated.


The role of the statements in establishing case facts attracted too much emphasis in law and practice.Other evidence just acted as auxiliary means of gaining and testing the statements.Judgment to case facts can be made by isolated statements and in principle can't be made without the statements.Accordingly,as the legal brutality in gaining the statements,torture became the most necessary interrogation method gradually.Conditional knowability,special value seeking,antilogical evaluation of the evidence and nonantagonistic criminal justice acted as cultural support for the statements' central position in evidences.


Human beings can determine optimal behaviors, which depends on the ability to make planned and adaptive decisions. Decision making is defined as the ability to choose between different alternatives. Purpose : this study, we have addressed the prediction aspect of human decision making from neurological, experimental and modeling points of view. Methods : We used a predictive reinforcement learning framework to simulate the human decision making behavior, concentrating on the role of frontal brain regions which are responsible for predictive control of human behavior. The model was tested in a maze task and the human subjects were asked to do the same task. A group of six volunteers including three men and three women at the age of 23-26 participated in this experiment. Results : The similarity between responses of the model and the human behavior was observed after varying the prediction horizons. We found that subjects with less risky choices usually decide based on considering long term advantages of their action selections, which is equal to the longer prediction horizon. However, they are more susceptible to reach suboptimal solutions if their predictions become wrong due to some reasons like changing environment or inaccurate models. Conclusion : The concept of prediction result in faster learning and minimizing future losses in decision making problems. Since the problem solving in human beings is very faster than a trial and error system, considering this ability will help to describe the human behavior more desirably. This observation is compatible to the recent findings about the role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in prediction and its relations to Anterior Cingulate Cortex with the ability of conflict monitoring and action selection.


Abstrcat Point-to-point remote access of WLAN between islands is elaborated. Signal attenuation during rainfall and the respective path reserved power is thoroughly studied. Application of DSSS in WLAN in preventing multi-path interference is also analyzed.


This paper extends the VECM cointegration model and PT (permanent-transitory) variance decomposition framework proposed by Lettau & Ludvigson (2004) and applies them on the Swedish data spanning from 1980q1 to 2004q4. There are strong statistical evidences that the movements of aggregate consumption, disposable income, housing wealth and financial wealth are tied together. However, it also suggests that the short run variations in the Swedish housing market are largely dissociated with consumer spending. Meanwhile, it is shown that the strength of the linkage between consumption and housing wealth is not sensitive to different model specifications and various measures of key variables.


Aims: Social norms interventions for reducing excessive drinking on college campuses have reported mixed results. In an attempt to understand the inconsistencies, this study examined some of the under‐examined aspects of the social norms approach. Design: A cross‐sectional survey of undergraduate students at two large mid‐western universities in the USA was conducted. Norm proximity (campus vs. friends' norms), norm types (descriptive vs. injunctive norms), and college drinker types (frequent binge drinkers, occasional binge drinkers, and non‐binge drinkers) were differentiated. Findings: The influences of friends' norms are stronger than those of campus and those of descriptive norms are stronger than injunctive norms. Friends' descriptive norms influenced frequent and occasional binge drinkers' behavior most strongly, whereas the campus descriptive norm and self‐efficacy influenced non‐binge drinkers' behavior. Conclusions: Proximity and types of norms as well as types of college drinkers will need to be distinguished in the future design and evaluation of social norms interventions.


The goal of "Digital Beijing "is to make the city a friendly environment for human beings and a sustainable environment for continue development, as well as to provide government a more effective and scientific tool for administration and decision making. The article primarily describes the overall architecture of Digital Beijing. Meanwhile, it explains the construction of Information Resource Net and Spatial Information in Electronic Government.


Cognitive radio technology has been proposed to improve the spectrum utilization by sharing the frequency spectrum bands between the licensed and unlicensed users which are called primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) respectively. The main objective of the SUs is to achieve their QoS by exploiting the unused spectrum while the PUs aim to get high profit by leasing their unused spectrum. Pricing and transmission power are two key issues of interest to PUs and SUs as well. In this paper, we propose a power pricing model wherein the PUs attain some revenue by renting their unused frequency to SUs that use suitable power levels to transmit which do not interfere with other users in the network. In our proposed model the SUs coexist with PUs in the same network where they can transmit over the same channel simultaneously. Performance evaluation of the proposed model demonstrates that the scheme helps in using the frequency spectrum more efficiently and increasing the gained profit of the PUs in comparison with the other existing models.


Tongping bridge as the background,using a bridge-specific finite element software MIDAS /CIVIL Spaces to set up full-bridge model.On the calculation of a variety of conditions,deflection value and stress value under a variety of working conditions,to assess the safety of its structure.The calculation results show that:under the design load of the bridge,the maximum deflection value of less than the value of standardizing provisions,under the load combination the maximum stress does not exceed the material yield strength and have a certain stress safety margin.


A new algorithm is developed for solving zero-one polynomial problems. The algorithm is a direct extension of the well-known Balasian algorithm for zero-one linear programs. The basic idea underlying the development is that every zero-one polynomial programming problem can be converted into an equivalent zero-one linear system with nonlinear secondary constraints representing the polynomial terms. Moreover, the optimal solution to the original polynomial problem must be a feasible solution to the converted linear problem. Thus, the optimal solution is determined by searching for the best solution among the feasible solutions to the linear problem such that the secondary constraints are satisfied. The important point is that the secondary constraints are considered implicitly so that the size of the problem is determined by its equivalent linear form. Computational experience indicates that the new algorithm compares favorably with the existing ones due to Lawler and Bell [Lawler, E., M. Bell. 1967. A method for solving discrete optimization problems. Oper. Res.15 1098--1112.] and to Watters [Watters, L. J. 1967. Reduction of integer polynomial problems to zero-one linear programming problems. Oper. Res.15 1171--1174.]. The application of the algorithm to a special class of nonlinear binary problems is also investigated.


In the preparation of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the Technique and Tactic Research Center of Shanghai University of Sport developed a series of softwares and conducted a large number of game analyses for national teams of table tennis, badminton, tennis and volleyball, and the results proved to be quite effective. Based on the methods of data collection and computation, the present paper classifies the computer-aided game analysis into non-systematic analysis, systematic analysis and intelligent analysis. The non-systematic analysis is mainly conducted by collecting the technique and tactic attributes of the last stroke in every rally (such as the technique, position, striking sequence, scoring and losing). The strength of non-systematic analysis lies in its quick feedback of the results to the coaches and players, but this method may fail to obtain the technical and tactical attributes of other strokes. The systematic analysis is done according to the strictly defined technical and tactical observation system by collecting all the technical and tactical attributes of every stroke of the player in the competition (match, set, score, player, striking technique, striking position, striking placement, technical state, effect, scoring and losing). It can provide complete information of the techniques and tactics and conduct different types of detailed analysis, but due to the heavy workload of data collection for systematic analysis, it may need longer time to provide feedback to coaches and players. Intelligent analysis is the method based on data mining and artificial neural network techniques. Data mining (association analysis) could reveal the association characteristics between several consecutive strokes or stroke positions or placements and scoring or losing. It could help coaches understand better the characteristics of the techniques and tactics and thus is likely to become one of the major methods in future ball game analysis. Through automatic training with only the input data (such as technique and tactic indexes) and output data (such as winning probability), the artificial neural network can construct models with very high precision. Therefore, further investigation in this field is necessary and worthwhile.


A ITER-like vertical stabilization (VS) algorithm has been successfully deployed and commissioned at EAST. The proposed algorithm decouples the VS from the plasma shape control, while the algorithms previously implemented to stabilize the EAST plasma exhibit a strong coupling with plasma shape control system. As a consequence, the VS algorithms previously implemented at EAST prevent the deployment of advanced multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) plasma shape control schemes, such as the ones proposed in Albanese et al 2016 (Proc. 2016 IEEE Multi-Conf. System Control (Buenos Aires, Argentina) pp 611–6) and Kolemen et al (2015 J. Nucl. Mater. 463 1186). Indeed, such MIMO controllers rely on the decoupling with the VS system. The proposed ITER-like stabilizes the plasma column (i.e. it controls to zero the plasma vertical speed) on the fastest possible time scale, while leaves the control of the plasma vertical position to the plasma shape controller. Thanks to this frequency separation approach, the plasma shape controller can than be designed starting from the stabilized system, without explicitly taking the VS into account. In this paper we present the implementation details of the adopted solution for the EAST vertical stabilization, together with the results obtained during the 2016 experimental campaign.


Abstract : This is the first in a series of reports on Redistribution Property Assistance Team (RPAT) operations in Kuwait. Our objective was to determine whether DoD effectively managed RPAT operations in Kuwait to ensure that DoD was prepared to handle the anticipated amount of materiel (equipment) related to the drawdown from Iraq. For this report, we reviewed the process for turning in equipment at the Camp Virginia, Kuwait RPAT yard, along with verifying selected documentation related to the turn-in process. Our second report will discuss the subsequent wholesale property accountability and data management of the equipment. Camp Virginia RPAT officials effectively managed RPAT operations in Kuwait to accomplish their primary mission of supporting the drawdown of U.S. forces from Iraq by relieving units of accountability for their Theater Provided Equipment (TPE) before those units redeployed to their home stations. As a result, from October 18, 2011, through December 31, 2011, Camp Virginia RPAT officials relieved units of accountability for approximately 2,300 vehicles and 24,600 pieces of non-rolling equipment. In addition, approximately 26,000 U.S. forces redeployed to their home stations from Camp Virginia before the December 31, 2011, deadline. During our review, we provided RPAT officials with our observations to address concerns with the 4-corners process, frustrated equipment, and security controls. We commend Camp Virginia RPAT officials for implementing corrective actions based on our communication throughout the audit. Additionally, we commend the officials for taking actions to improve RPAT operations.


Abstract In an introductory theoretical way, the authors attempt to place cartography into the general context of sciences. Based on the traditional definition describing cartography as a science, technique and art, its defined scientific role in the development of geographic thinking is analysed. This approach corresponds to the procedural method in epistemology. Cartography is, according to a general model in science, classified considering the fact whether its sources of origin of the concepts, its principles and postulates are genuine or derivatives from other disciplines. After comparative statements between Cartography and Geography, an analysis of all environmental sciences with reference to the use of technologies is carried out.


To control the battery charge from a solar panel, the DC / DC converters controlled by the MPPT controller are often used to lower DC power. The major problem that is solved in most researches is to quickly determine the power point of the panel. This article proposes developing a more functionality controller and maintaining battery power even in cloudy weather. Calculations are made for a given function in different modes of the solar panel. Values are recorded and so we have a number of functions that are subsequently called for the particular mode. Two PID controllers are implemented in the current limitation mode. Calculate the first power derivative and keep the result to be zero.


When the learning goal is to provide a lively, interesting, and meaningful learning experience that participants will personally internalize, experiential learning provides an excellent learning tool. The goal, however, is not an easy one to achieve. It takes a very well planned exercise to realize the desired goal. Much of the responsibility for reaching the desired goal rests with how the exercise is debriefed. This paper focuses on the debriefing process and the importance of integrating it into all phases of the exercise.


Bioinformatics analyses huge amounts of biological data that demands in-depth understanding. On the other hand, data mining research develops methods for discovering motifs in biosequences. Motif discovery involves benefits and challenges. We show bridge of the two fields, data mining and Bioinformatics, for successful mining of biological data. We found the motivation and justification factors lead to preferring naturalistic method research for Bioinformatics, because naturalistic method depends on real data. The method empowers Bioinformatics techniques to handle the true properties and reducing assumptions for un-modeled or uncover biodata phenomena. The empowerment comes from recognizing and understanding biodata properties and processes.


Unethical behavior is discovered that is more contagious than ethical behavior. This article attempts to propose one of the possible underlying mechanisms—people may have underconfidence bias in information updating due to motivated reasoning, and such bias exhibits in a different direction compared to the overconfident bias documented in the literature on ethical environment, which generate the asymmetric pattern in contagion. This study designs an experiment which relates the unethical behavior to social learning, where a series of subjects with private information about penalty decide sequentially whether to conduct unethical behavior publicly. This study adopts a quantal response equilibrium to construct a structural model for estimation of the bias. In total, 162 university students participated in our experiment and the results confirm the asymmetric patterns that people rely more on others' precedent decisions rather than their private signal; therefore, the bias facilitates the contagion. This study also tests two punishment systems in the experiment and the results suggest a policy: slightly increasing penalties for the "followers" in the early stages would effectively suppress the contagion.


Has Israel created a strangehold on potential economic development in the West Bank? This political scientist spent time there and says it is hard to conclude otherwise.


SUMMARY

1. Histological proof of the diagnosis of carcinoma of prostate should be obtained if possible. Biopsy techniques are discussed.

2. There is no entirely satisfactory method of biopsy.

3. The cytological diagnosis of smears of prostatic secretion is by no means reliable and is open to serious objections. Moreover, it is useless in the diagnosis of the early case.

4. Transrectal biopsy is a more reliable method and can be used in the diagnosis of the early case and suspicious nodule.

5. By using transrectal biopsy an occasional patient suitable for radical operation can be selected.


The principle of a novel interrogation technology for fiber Bragg grating sensor system was provided, which combined the wavelength selectable technique for fiber ring laser, based on the F-P filter with the time-domain addressing technique for fiber Bragg grating array, based on a 1x4 analog electrical switch. Demodulated with an unbalanced Michelson scanning interferometer, working with a wavelength of 1555 nm, the experimental system was demonstrated with a sensing sensitivity of 1.630°/με, and it agreed with the theoretical value of 1.674°/με, basically.


Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is increasingly used as an alternative to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to perform an overall and individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis of studies comparing TACE and TARE.


The welding of end plugs to cladding tubes is a critical process in the manufacture of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear fuel rods. The resistance butt welding method is commonly used for this purpose in production. In this paper, we present an analysis of the flow of foreign substances within the weld joint during the tube-cap welding process of PWR nuclear fuel rods, using SORPAS 2D software. The welding process generates foreign substances such as oxide scales, welding fumes, and spatters, which can negatively impact the quality of the weld. Additionally, carbide-based ceramic materials with higher melting temperatures than the base metal have been found within the weld joint in some cases, which can also affect the quality of the weld. To simulate the intrusion of foreign substances with higher melting temperatures than the base material (zirconium alloy) during welding, we conducted a simulation and analyzed the flow of foreign substances. Based on this study, we expected to enhance the reliability and stability of the tube-cap welding process of PWR nuclear fuel rods.


This study aimed to examine the relationship between personal growth initiative constructs which are planfulness, using resources, readiness to changes, and intentional behaviour on satisfaction with life. This study involved respondents comprising of 225 first-year university students. The data were gathered from a set of adapted questionnaire, namely Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II (PGIS-II) to measure university students' intentional process of personal growth and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to measure their life satisfaction. Results showed that there were significant correlations among all four-construct of personal growth initiative and life satisfaction. The personal growth initiative was a significant predictor of which contributed 17.2% variance toward university students' life satisfaction. The findings give implication that university students with planfulness, using resources, readiness to changes, and intentional behaviour were more likely to experience satisfaction with their life. These elements of intentional growth of university students enable them to guide themselves toward completing their academic life with satisfaction. It is hoped that this study enlightens an understanding on the relationship between personal growth initiative and life satisfaction in the contex of higher educational academic setting in Malaysia.


Due to high uncertainty and complexity, the flight test missions of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are implemented with high risk. To mitigate the risk, many scholars have done a lot of researches to study the risk events in flight test. The different interrelations and the potential synergetic effects among the relevant risk events related to a decision make it a challenging issue to create explicit relationships of the risk events. Cross Impact Analysis (CIA) appeared as a methodological tool for dealing with this kind of complexity in the 1960's. CIA can worked with other methodological approaches to increase its functionality. This article uses a method to generate important risk events and scenarios about what may happen in the future flight tests. In this method, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is used to combined with CIA to improve the final forecasting. This scenarios-based method allows working with large sets of risk events and can detect critical risk events. The final results of the method can be represented by graphics. The practical implications of the proposed method are illustrated with an example.


Target posture estimation is important part in synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition. In this paper, we proposed a target posture estimation method based on attributed scattering centers matching. Attributed scattering center model perform well in target scattering field description, first, we use attributed scattering center model to predict the strong attributed scattering centers of the target, then approximate maximum likelihood algorithm is hired to extract strong scattering centers from test image and estimate its parameters. A similarity measurement algorithm is designed to evaluate the similarity between model-predicted scattering center set and test image extracted scattering center set. After finding the one-to-one correspondence with highest similarity between two scattering center set, linear regression is hired to estimated posture angle difference between model-predicted image and test image, and target posture angle estimation is updated based on the images posture difference. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated based on experiments using simulated SAR data.


The study analyzed the Technical Efficiency (TE) of poultry egg production in Ogbomoso metropolis of Oyo state, Nigeria from a sample of 60 poultry farmers selected from two Local Government Area in Oyo state. Stochastic parametric technique was used to analyse the technical efficiency of poultry farmers. Estimated technical efficiency of the poultry egg farmers ranged from 18.3% to 92.7% with a mean technical efficiency of 66%. The variation in the level of technical efficiency indicates that more opportunities exist for poultry egg farmers to increase their egg productivity and income through improvements in their technical efficiency. Determinants of technical efficiency of poultry egg farmers were found to be credit accessibility, education level, farming experience, flock size, extension contact and farmers' associations membership, since all these variables were found to be positive and significantly related to technical efficiency.


Purpose Coronavirus disease is a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide that continues to create a significant burden on the healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to determine the patient clinical and paraclinical profiles that associate with COVID-19 unfavourable outcome and generate a prediction model that could separate between high-risk and low-risk groups. Patients and Methods The present study is a multivariate observational retrospective study. A total of 483 patients, residents of the municipality of Timișoara, the biggest city in the Western Region of Romania, were included in the study group that was further divided into 3 sub-groups in accordance with the disease severity form. Results Increased age (cOR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.11, p<0.001), cardiovascular diseases (cOR=3.37, 95% CI: 1.96–6.08, p<0.001), renal disease (cOR=4.26, 95% CI: 2.13–8.52, p<0.001), and neurological disorder (cOR=5.46, 95% CI: 2.71–11.01, p<0.001) were all independently significantly correlated with an unfavourable outcome in the study group. The severe form increases the risk of an unfavourable outcome 19.59 times (95% CI: 11.57–34.10, p<0.001), while older age remains an independent risk factor even when disease severity is included in the statistical model. An unfavourable outcome was positively associated with increased values for the following paraclinical parameters: white blood count (WBC; cOR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.05–1.15, p<0.001), absolute neutrophil count (ANC; cOR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.21, p<0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP; cOR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.004–1.009, p<0.001). The best prediction model including age, ANC and CRP achieved a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the area under the curve (AUC) = 0.845 (95% CI: 0.813–0.877, p<0.001); cut-off value = 0.12; sensitivity = 72.3%; specificity = 83.9%. Conclusion This model and risk profiling may contribute to a more precise allocation of limited healthcare resources in a clinical setup and can guide the development of strategies for disease management.


A late 19th century principle of design "Form follows function" states that the form of an object must primarily relate to its intended function, is still a debate. As Víctor Papanek, an industrial designer of 20th century and a proponent of "form follows function" once said - "Design must be innovative, highly creative, cross disciplinary which makes it responsive to the needs of the user and this can be achieved with a more research-oriented mindset." In the context of designing mobile Primary Health Center, this argument has not been discussed in any literature. To address the same gap, this study synthesizes forty mobile health units design and architecture through the lens of form follows function. The main criteria used to evaluate was case study analysis, and five focus group evaluation. Further, the mobile units were scored on form and function on two parameters either existing (1) or not existing (0).  The study examined mobile Primary Health Centers (mPHCs) across the globe through objective and subjective analysis. The results confirmed the hypothesis that Form follows Function at the overall system level but revealed that most sub-systems followed Form first. The recommendations highlight the importance of balancing Form and Function while considering contextual constraints in complex systems like mobile Primary Health Centers (mPHCs) for far flung regions.


Many colleges and universities are confused about how to manage the course of software project management.Applying traditional teaching model will lead to boring teaching and learning,moreover,students are unable to grasp practical project experience and handle project problem.A new teaching mode in software project management course is explored in this paper,and the teaching mode has already been applied in practice.Two key points in software project management teaching was proposed:firstly,specific projects and practice in teaching are emphasized, secondly,traditional assessment methods must be changed to the practice and application evaluation.If doing so,the boring courses would have been transformed into active and practical one.Of course,students will like learning and teachers are willing to teaching as well.Finally,this project-operating course get the good results in real teaching practice.


Intravenous injection 01' diphenylhydantoin (DPH) (20 mg/ kg) 9G minutes prior to or 60 minutes after administration of streptozotocin to normal male rats was found to prevent the devclopment of diabetes. However the rise in blood glu cose concentrations 2 hours following administration of strep tozotocin was not prevented by DPH; in fact when DPH was given 30 minutes berore strcptozotocin, the initial hyper glycemic response to streptozotocin was potentiated.


As the International Council On Systems Engineering (INCOSE) internationalises its mission, there is a need to address the advancement of the Systems Engineering practice in all environments where improvement opportunities are achievable. This paper is a bilingual English/French analysis of the application of Systems Engineering disciplines for commercial infrastructure systems development. The analysis addresses areas where Systems Engineering Science can be translated from a military context to assist sister projects on the commercial side of the industry. The paper also encourages INCOSE to consider the external side of its mission, and to find a language that will assist those who need to know, instead of internally preaching to those who already know.


Wether it be in Judaism, in Christianism or in Islam, the apocalyptic literature has scrutinized the founding writs to find clues, « omens » indicating the upcoming of « the Hour » in order to be prepared for it and to make sense of the dreaded terror. In Islam, that search has taken a particular form : today as well as yesterday, to fill in the silence of the Qur'an, a profusion of accommodating hadiths, inspired by judeo-christian apocalyptic writings, unleashes speculations geared to pious needs but also to legitimacy claims for unrestrained political acivism. This paper briefly examines how islamic apolcapyptic tradition was constructed and then shows that some trends of that construction process nowadays proliferate exponentially in the blogosphere.


The goal of this paper is focused on identifying the behavioural structure of a flexible manufacturing cell (FMC) using a model based on Coloured Timed Petri Nets and applying hierarchical techniques. In the paper we explain the modelling procedure of the manufacturing cell with single resource for different types of parts according to proposed decisions on places and transition in order to analyse the overall processing time in the cell. The designed model is based on a manufacturing cell from Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea. In this present work, we present the behaviour of resource places, transitions and evaluate overall performance of the flexible manufacturing cell using CPNTools software.


Current bulk microphysical parameterization schemes underpredict precipitation intensities and drop size distributions (DSDs) during warm rain periods, particularly upwind of coastal terrain. To help address this deficiency, this study introduces a set of modifications, called RCON, to the liquid-phase (warm rain) parameterization currently used in the Thompson-Eidhammer microphysical parameterization scheme.
RCON introduces several model modifications, motivated by evaluating simulations from a bin scheme, which together result in more accurate precipitation simulations during periods of warm rain. Among the most significant changes are (1) the use of a wider cloud water DSD of lognormal shape instead of the gamma DSD used by the Thompson-Eidhammer parameterization, and (2) enhancement of the cloud-to-rain autoconversion parameterization. Evaluation of RCON is performed for two warm rain events and an extended period during the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) field campaign of winter 2015-16. We show that RCON modifications produce more realistic precipitation distributions and rain DSDs than the default Thompson-Eidhammer configuration. For the multi-month OLYMPEX period, we show that rain rates, rain water mixing ratios, and rain drop number concentrations were increased relative to the Thompson-Eidhammer microphysical parameterization, while concurrently decreasing rain drop diameters in liquid-phase clouds. These changes are consistent with an increase in simulated warm rain. Finally, real-time evaluation of the scheme from August 2021 to August 2022 demonstrated improved precipitation prediction over coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest.


Novel 1,4-dihydropyridines (III) (14 examples) bearing a pyrazole moiety in 4-position are prepared by a variation of the classical Hantzsch synthesis.


This thesis proposes four new BERT models that bridge the gap for applying tasks within the Dutch (and English) legal domain. Both pre-training from scratch and further training from an existing BERT checkpoint have been explored to find out what works best regarding final performance. These models improve on current state-of-the-art models such as BERTje and mBERT for various metrics such as F1, Accuracy, and Mean Average Precision, tested on a dataset from Rabobank and the Multi-EURLEX task. This is very impressive given that all models are trained on less than 10% the data size of the original BERT model. These results substantiate the idea of pre-training from scratch and further training within a specific domain to outperform general language models on domain-specific tasks. To this day, there has not been any legal Dutch model or bilingual legal model. Apart from introducing these new models, overtraining and undertraining have been extensively explored to find out what works best regarding the complete training process. Results were found that overtraining a model reduces the performance when fine-tuning on a downstream task. Undertraining a model did not show the same effect. Overall, it can be concluded that the number of steps during training has to be calculated well according to the number of data samples and the maximum batch size. Last, methods were explored regarding using a BERT+LSTM architecture to bypass the maximum sequence length and make use of the entire document. The results from this showed that it depends on the model if using additional tokens can be beneficial. For the proposed models, it showed a decrease in performance while mBERT gained performance. Dutch models for the Multi-EURLEX (en) task is not useful and been conducted.


Purpose: This research seeks to prove whether entrepreneurship education can significantly grow student's entrepreneurial intention. The approach of theory of planned behavior (TPB) is used to examine whether the effect of entrepreneurship education on student's entrepreneurial intention initially goes through attitude variables, subjective norms, and perceptions about behavioral control first. The population of this study is the students of Narotama University who were taking the course of Strategic HR Management in the odd semester of 2017/2018. Data was analyzed using path analysis method. The result shows that entrepreneurship education has no direct effect on student's entrepreneurial intention. As for the three elements of TPB, only attitude variable which is able to significantly mediate the influence of entrepreneurship education on student's entrepreneurial intention.
Design/methodology/approach: In this research, data in the form of respondents' perceptions were analyzed quantitatively using path analysis method.
Findings: Entrepreneurship education has no direct effect on student's entrepreneurial intention and solely mediated by attitude of the students in order to effectively influence their entrepreneurial intention.
Research limitations/implications: In this research, entrepreneurship education is seen from the learning process in one course only, not viewed holistically starting from a policy making process at the top management level of the university, the preparation of an integrated entrepreneurship curriculum, to its implementation in the learning process in each course. Also, the family background of each student was not considered as one of the determinants of their entrepreneurial intention.
Practical implications: There is a need to increase affective content so that a stronger persuasive ability will be established among students to influence the norms in their social environment. Addition in psychomotor content is also needed to form more positive perception about students' competence in doing entrepreneurial activity.
Originality/value: This research combines the study of entrepreneurship education with the latest development in TPB study. This research also focuses on a population of students who are taking a certain course. Thus, the components in a learning process can be better observed.
Paper type: Research paper
Keyword: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurship Education, Theory of Planned Behavior


Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) are the mechanism propelling economic growth and development mitigating poverty in many countries of the world. Despite accounting for more than 95% of productive activities, SMEs contribution to the Nigeria's gross domestic product (GDP) is below 10%. The rates of poverty and unemployment remain very high in the country. In view of this, this study examines how SMEs contribute to poverty alleviation and reduction in Kwara State. The study employed primary data through the administration of questionnaire from a sample of 100 small and medium scale enterprises. A probit regression was used to shed light on the impact of income generated by owners of SMEs on poverty alleviation in Nigeria. The results of the regression analysis revealed that income generated by owners of SMEs impacts strongly on poverty alleviation in Kwara State. The study therefore, recommends that small and medium scale enterprises owners should seek and maintain sufficient funds at a lower interest rate for the smooth operation of their businesses.


Theoretical calculations predict the modification of properties of vector mesons, such as a shift in their masses and/or broadening of their widths in dense nuclear matter. These effects can be related to partial restoration of chiral symmetry at high density or temperature. Photoproduction of vector mesons off nuclei were performed at Jefferson Lab using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. The data were taken with a beam of tagged photons with energies up to 4 GeV on various nuclear targets. The properties of the ρ vector mesons were investigated via their rare leptonic decay to e+e−. This decay channel is preferred over hadronic modes in order to eliminate final state interactions in the nuclear matter. The combinatorial background in the mass spectrum was removed by a self-normalizing mixed-event technique. The ρ meson mass distributions were extracted for each of the targets. Statistically significant results regarding medium modification of the ρ meson in the nuclear medium rule out large medium effects. Transparency studies of the ω and vector mesons allow a determination of their widths in the medium.


At present we live in a world of internet services such as email, social networks, web searching, and more which must store increasingly larger volumes of data. These services must run on cheap infrastructure, hence they must use distributed storage systems, and they have to provide reliability of data for long periods as well as availability. Byzantine-fault-tolerant replication mainly used in Internet services that store critical state and preserves it despite attacks or software errors, which enhance the availability and reliability of the services. In existing system we assume a static set of replicas, or have limitations in how they handle reconfigurations (e.g., in terms of the scalability of the solutions or the consistency levels they provide). Reconfiguration handling is one of the limitations; there is a huge problem in long-lived large scale systems, whenever there is a variation in the membership in the entire lifetime of the system. In proposed system, we present a solution for dynamically change in membership for a large-scale Byzantine-fault-tolerant system. A service tracks membership and notifies other system nodes periodically, which runs mostly automatically to avoid human configurations errors. We implement this membership service using distributed hash table called DBQS that provide semantics even changes in replica sets. The membership service is able to manage a large system and the cost to change the system membership is and consumption of the power is low.


In order to maintain health during middle age and achieve successful aging, it is important to elucidate and prevent risk factors of middle-age stroke. This study investigated high risk groups of stroke in middle age population of Korea and provides basic material for establishment of stroke prevention policy by analyzing sudden perception of speech/language problems and clusters of multiple risk factors. This study analyzed 2,751 persons (1,191 males and 1,560 females) aged 40–59 who participated in the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Outcome was defined as prevalence of stroke. Set as explanatory variables were age, gender, final education, income, marital status, at-risk drinking, smoking, occupation, subjective health status, moderate physical activity, hypertension, and sudden perception of speech and language problems. A prediction model was developed by the use of a C4.5 algorithm of data-mining approach. Sudden perception of speech and language problems, hypertension, and marital status were significantly associated with stroke in Korean middle aged people. The most preferentially involved predictor was sudden perception of speech and language problems. In order to prevent middle-age stroke, it is required to systematically manage and develop tailored programs for high-risk groups based on this prediction model.


This work examines the centrality of verbal arts in social life and the dynamic roles of verbal artists as religious and political leaders, as guardians of tradition, as well as agents of cultural change.


Case selection is ubiquitous in public management research. Rarely do scholars have access to entire populations of interest. Yet, the manner by which scholars select samples to conduct their analyses can have profound consequences on their ability both to draw valid causal inferences and to estimate accurate relationships. In this article, we review the basic threats to inference that are likely to emerge in the presence of non-random case selection, with specific attention to their manifestation in empirical public management research. The article first reviews the threats to causal inference presented by case selection, focusing on their implications for internal and external validity. We then summarize a standard set of solutions to address potential problems for empirical models caused by non-random case selection. As part of this discussion, we review recent articles published in this journal to illustrate the prevalence of selection issues in contemporary public management studies, and then illustrate several techniques that have been developed to overcome specific problems to show their utility for public management research. Causal inference is a central goal of social science. Scholars often conduct their research with the primary interest of understanding whether and to what extent a variable of interest influences some outcome. Given this central role, the pitfalls of drawing valid causal inferences have garnered much attention. Scholars highlight two standards with which a causal inference can be evaluated: internal and external validity. The former reflects the analyst's ability to draw valid inferences about the relevant causal relationship under study, whereas the latter reflects the extent to which valid inferences (based on a given sample of cases) may extend to the population or to cases not part of the original analysis. Although a variety of research design features can plague both internal and external validity, this article's focus is on the role of case selection, by which we mean either the explicit or implicit inclusion of a subset of cases (e.g., people, organizations, jurisdictions) from a larger population, in a study seeking to make causal claims. We would like to thank Ryan Welch for his research assistance in processing and coding JPART articles for selection issues, and Stéphane Lavertu and David Weimer for sharing their data. We would also like to thank Ken Meier and Andy Whitford for their valuable suggestions, as well as the comments from the three anonymous reviewers. Address correspondence to the author at firstname.lastname@example.com. Konisky and Reenock JPART 23:361–393 doi:10.1093/jopart/mus051 Advance Access publication November 15, 2012 © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com at Frida State U niersity on A ril 1, 2013 http://jpaordjournals.org/ D ow nladed from Journal of Public Administration Research and theory 362 Whether in the study of personnel management, public budgeting, or policy analysis, public administration scholars generally do not possess the luxury of having access to populations of interest. Finite resources as well as practical limitations constrain most scholars to conducting analyses on samples of populations—samples that may include non-randomly included cases. When using such data, potential threats to both internal and external validity arise. Our purpose here is neither to present a comprehensive overview of research design nor of the case selection literature. Rather, our goal is to review the main threats to valid causal inference presented by non-random case selection, with particular emphasis on empirical research in public management (broadly defined) that is quantitative in orientation. We deem this choice appropriate given the trends in public management scholarship in this and other leading journals.1 We orient our theoretical discussion in the counterfactual causal inference model and apply most of our empirical treatments within the regression framework, but it is important to note that, at a conceptual level, similar issues arise in qualitative research as well (Collier and Mahoney 1996; King, Keohane, and Verba 1994). The article proceeds as follows. In the first two sections, we review the main threats to causal inference presented by case selection, focusing on their implications for internal and external validity. We also summarize a standard set of solutions to address potential problems caused by non-random case selection. We subsequently report the results of a review of recently published JPART articles to examine the prevalence of case selection issues. We then turn to detailed illustrations of several particular methods to address non-random case selection. Although these solutions are not novel, they tend to be underutilized in public management research, and one of the objectives of this article is to make the methods more accessible to scholars by illustrating their utility. We conclude the article with a few general suggestions. CASe SeleCtion, CAuSAl infeRenCe, And thReAtS to inteRnAl VAlidity There is perhaps no better place to begin an examination of the conditions under which case selection may threaten the internal validity of a study than the counterfactual causal inference model of the classic experiment. In the ideal experimental setting, the analyst has a theoretically interesting independent variable, D, whose presence is believed to causally alter the value of some outcome of interest, Y. To test this possibility, the analyst identifies subjects who are randomly assigned to one of two groups, treatment D(1) or control D(0). The treatment is then applied to subjects in D(1) and not to those in D(0), and each subject's response on the outcome variable of interest, Y, is recorded.2 At the individual level, subjects in the treatment group realize a value of d1 and subjects in the control group realize a value of d0. The observable outcome variable, Y, is a function of two potential outcome variables, Y1 and Y0, such that Y = DY1 + (1−D)Y0. This means that each subject in the treatment group has an 1 More specifically, we limit our focus to empirical work with the explicit purpose of theory or hypothesis testing and do not consider case selection issues in the context of theory building. 2 To be clear, the "treatment" in most social science analysis and, in this case, public management research is nothing more than the main independent variable under investigation. This "treatment" can be dichotomous, ordinal, or continuous in measurement. at Frida State U niersity on A ril 1, 2013 http://jpaordjournals.org/ D ow nladed from Konisky and Reenock Case Selection in Public Management Research 363 observable outcome in the treatment, Yi, and an unobservable counterfactual in the control, Yi. The same is assumed for each subject in the control group; each subject has an observable outcome in the control and an unobservable counterfactual in the treatment. At the individual level then, the causal effect of the treatment would be δi = yi−yi. Unfortunately, we cannot observe the outcome at the individual level for the counterfactual case—a feature referred to as the fundamental problem of causal inference (Holland 1986; King, Keohane, and Verba 1994; Morgan and Winship 2007). This problem is akin to one of missing data (Winship and Morgan 1999), since each subject can only be assigned to either the treatment di = 1 or the control di = 0. Accordingly, for a given subject, we can only ever observe either yi or yi, but never both. For this reason, analysts must focus on aggregate-level causal effects. The key insight of this causal inference model is that the counterfactual outcome, which is essential to estimates of causal inference, cannot be observed directly; accordingly, various research methods must be used to approximate it. (See Hidalgo and Sekhon (2011) for a discussion of causality in this counterfactual framework.) Table 1 displays the aggregate quantities of interest for each possible distribution of the potential outcome variables. The table shows each of the two potential outcome variables Y1 and Y0 across the columns and the treatment and control grouping by the rows. For those assigned to the treatment group, we have two outcomes: the observed outcome of treatment and the unobserved outcome for those in treatment had they been assigned to the control group. For those assigned to the control group, we have two outcomes: the observed outcome of control and the unobserved outcome for those in control had they been assigned to treatment. The most relevant quantity of interest is the average treatment (causal) effect (ATE), which represents the difference between the average outcome for the treatment group in the sample and the average outcome for the control group in the sample.3 More formally, the estimated ATE is D E E Y D E Y D = = = − = [ ] [ | ] [ | ] δ 1 0 1 0 1. In addition to the ATE, there are two conditional treatment effects that are often of interest, both of which are displayed in Table 1. The average treatment effect of the table 1 The Fundamental Problem of Causal Inference Y1 − Treatment outcomes Y0 − Control outcomes Treatment group E[Y1|D=1] Observable outcome ATT E[Y0|D=1] Potential outcome


Charcoal remains from archeological sites are used not only to reconstruct the historical composition of local woodlands but also to examine the history of the human use of wood. Nevertheless, key questions such as how and why people may have selected particular woody taxa from locations long distances from their habitat have rarely been addressed. In the present study, we analyze charcoal remains from the ancient Jingbaoer (JBR) jade mine in the Mazong Mountains (Mazong Shan) of Northwest China to explore patterns in the collection and use of wood by Iron Age people. Factors affecting the choice of wood collected at the JBR site are discussed by combining the results of pollen records and charcoal analysis. Our results suggest that tamarisk (Tamarix L.), a shrub dominant in the local area, was the main source of wood for JBR miners and was used as firewood depending upon its local availability. The miners may also have used wood from species sourced further away, such as Pinus L. and Picea L., because of the local scarcity of these trees in such a dry environment. The agropastoralist subsistence system practiced by the JBR miners supports the hypothesis of the collection of wood from distant locales. This study highlights diverse patterns of wood collection in an area scarce in woody plants and provides new evidence for understanding how Iron Age people adapted to extremely arid environments.


Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a medical emergency for which tuberculosis (TB) treatment should be initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis. Owing to the low diagnostic yields of confirmatory tests, TBM is often diagnosed based on suggestive clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings, evidence for TB outside the central nervous system (CNS), typical brain imaging features and exclusion of other causes of meningitis. TB drug regimens used in TBM may be suboptimal as they are informed by studies of TB outside the CNS, rather than being based on randomised controlled trials in TBM. TBM has a high mortality and the management of HIV-co-infected patients is further complicated by neurological TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which frequently occurs after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) during TBM treatment and contributes to the poor outcome in HIV-associated TBM. HIV-infected TBM patients due to start ART should be counselled about the risk of developing neurological TB-IRIS, typical symptoms that could be expected and need to return to hospital should any of these develop. Currently, the only evidence-based treatment for TB-IRIS is with corticosteroids, which should be considered in all cases of neurological TB-IRIS.


In In this paper, the physiological signal instruments are used to extract chaos characteristics (Maximum Lyapunov index, Information entropy, Approximate entropy, Box dimension and Complexity) of multiple physiological signals (ECG, RSP, SC) under four different emotions (sadness, pleasure, anger and joy) from two volunteers (one male and one female).On this basis, the chaos characteristics are extracted to form the chaotic feature matrix, and to make recognition and classification of four kinds of emotion combining with C5.0 decision tree classifier. The results show that recognition rates are 93% for girls and 91% for boys respectively in emotion recognition based on chaotic theory, and the individual gender difference has little effect.


Hypertension is a complex disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Renin angiotensin system (RAS) dysfunction is a frequent accompaniment of essential hypertension. In this regard, polymorphisms in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene increase RAS activity and cause blood pressure elevation. We have identified two distinct haplotypes of the human AGT gene constituted by a group of four SNPs in linkage disequilibrium. Variants -1670A, -1562C, and -1561T always occur with -6A and form the haplotype-I (Hap-I), while variants -1670G, -1562G, and -1561G always occur with -6G and constitute haplotype-II (Hap-II). We hypothesized that these SNPs, when present together as Hap-I or Hap-II in transgenic mice (TG) may lead to haplotype-dependent DNA methylation of CpG sites in the promoter of the hAGT gene. Methylation patterns alter gene transcription at an epigenetic level and this, in turn, could be dependent on individual polymorphisms. hAGT promoter CpG sites in the kidney are more methylated as compared to liver and fat. In the Kidney, the hAGT promoter CpG sites are methylated at -460, -434, -386, -346, -282, -261, -245, -229, -218, -185, -144, -18, -11, -7, +10, +42, +65 in Hap-II whereas, in Hap-I the promoter DNA methylation is observed at -460, -434, -401, -386 positions. Further, in both liver and fat the CpG sites were methylated at -11, +42, +65 positions in Hap-II TG mice, whereas in the Hap-I there were no methylation sites detected. The hAGT gene mRNA levels from these tissues were quantitated by qPCR and were 2.1 (kidney), 2.5 (liver) and 4.28 (fat) fold higher in haplotype-I vs. haplotype-II (p<0.05). Our results indicate that, in Hap-II TG mice liver, kidney and fat tissues having more CpG sites methylated in the promoter of the hAGT, and thus having less gene expression. On the other hand, Hap-I has either less or no methylation of CpG sites in the hAGT promoter and hence high gene expression. Thus, we show here for the first time that SNP blocks in the hAGT gene alter its methylation pattern in a tissue-dependent manner. This shifts the paradigm in favor of an interdependent system where epigenetic regulation is reliant on the gene haplotypes; together, these regulate protein expression and associated physiological outcomes.


During the product development process, many "surprises" can materialise. These surprises can be both positive and negative, such as highly capable resources, extensive knowledge on a certain necessary product feature or a lack of communication with the supplier. These surprises can be named uncertainties, since they are still uncertain at the start of the project. The assignment of this graduation project was created by Philips (Mother and Child Care) and was based on early discovery of risks, regarding product development processes within a multidisciplinary context, and evolved to develop a framework for uncertainty management with the aid of boundary objects.


The in-vitro activity of ampicillin, of mecillinam and of combinations of ampicillin with mecillinam, clavulanic acid or 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid has been studied against 126 Enterobacteriaceae resistant to ampicillin. The combination of ampicillin with mecillinam showed synergy or addition in 60% of the combinations tested. Synergy was seen especially when the strains were resistant to mecillinam, indifference when they were susceptible to mecillinam. The combination of ampicillin with mecillinam was more active than the combination with clavulanic acid against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter, but not against Proteus, Morganella and Providencia. The combination of ampicillin with clavulanic acid was more active than the combination with 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid in E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains.


Metal layers deposited on the surface of the semiconductor CdTe effect a shift of the concentration profile of Ag dopants in CdTe by several 100 μm during diffusion anneal at about 550 K. Radio-tracer experiments using 111Ag show that this effect occurs in the case of Al, Ni, Cu, and Au layers. A preliminary explanation relates the effect to an enhancement of the diffusion of Ag atoms in CdTe caused by Cd self-interstitials that are generated at the metal/semiconductor interface.


Optical chemosensors offer a decisive solution to monitor critical parameters in power transformers, as they can operate safely on electrical equipment. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is widely used as a detection principle for many sensors operating in different fields, such as bio and chemical sensing. Its use with optical fibers makes the remote SPR sensing straightforward and suitable for applications also in presence of high electromagnetic interferences, as in the case of power transformers. Additionally, a low-cost sensing device is achieved when an SPR chemical sensor is implemented in a plastic optical fiber (POF) in which an artificial receptor of chemical agents in different liquid environments is exploited. In this work, we report an overview on the main results about the feasibility of application of a developed SPR-POF sensor for the detection, in oil matrix, of two markers of the paper-oil insulating system degradation in oil-filled transformer.


One of the newest financial schemes for environmental projects is the Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) concept, which is being used increasingly worldwide as a project delivery system by which governments obtain the infrastructure projects by private sector after a concession period free of charge. In the Egyptian environment up to now, promoters and investors have had many fears toward declared projects. This study aims to investigate the potential for implementing the BOT system in the Egyptian environment. This can be achieved by giving a clear view of BOT and of its problems, risk areas, and features, pertaining to the Egyptian environment, in order to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks as much as possible. The collected data was analyzed based on actual implementation in Egypt. This involved the following: (1) An overview of the critical success factors in order to achieve a BOT project; (2) an analysis of results obtained from questionnaires seeking to determine the possibility of occurr...


This article examined processes of relating sentences in comprehension of successive sentences. On the basis of previous findings, it is hypothesized that, if an anaphor is a noun which is identical with its antecedent, sentences can be related faster when the antecedent is in object position than in subject position of the former sentence; on the contrary, if an anaphor is a pronoun, sentences can be related faster when the antecedent is in subject position than in object position. In order to test this hypoth esis, the surface form of anaphor (i. e., identical noun vs. pronoun), the syntactic position of antecedent (i. e., object vs. subject), and the postpositional particle of anaphor (i .e., "ga" vs. "wa") were varied. Subjects read pairs of sentences, so constructed that the first sentence contained an antecedent and the second one contained an anaphor. Consistent with the prediction, the interaction between the surface form of anaphor and the syntactic position of antecedent was observed in comprehension time of the second sentence, regardless of postpositional particle. These results were discussed in terms of how readers utilized the surface form of anaphor in relating successive sentences.


Rock-Eval pyrolysis and hydrocarbon generation kinetic are effective and extensive methods to evaluate source rock. In this study, we chose four coal samples from different areas in China including Fuxing, Guangyuan, Fushun and Taiyuanzu. The results show that Fushun has the highest hydrocarbon generation capacity (399-427mg/g), the lowest dominant activation energy (47Kcal/mol) and frequency factor (1.32*1012/s), which has the highest transformation ratio at different heating rates. It is easy to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of Fushun. But Fuxing, Guangyuan and Taiyuanzu have different frequency factors and activation energies. In the multiple frequency factors (MFF) model, it is difficult to evaluate hydrocarbon potential by activation energies when frequency factors are different. This study evaluates hydrocarbon potential by comparing transformation ratio at universal and geological heating rate. This is because transformation ratio is a comprehensive result of frequency factor and activation energy. In addition, different heating rates affect the hydrocarbon generation rate of coal samples, the hydrocarbon generation rate is positive with heating rates. For example, the hydrocarbon generation rate of Fushun at 5, 25°C/min are 0.0013 and 0.0051 mg/g.s1. And the temperature difference (AT) of main hydrocarbon generation period heated at 3°C/my and 5, 15, 25°C/min are different, which are 21-52 and 53-99°C.


Organic polymer-based bulk heterojunction solar cells have been intensively developed during the last decade. Historically, conjugated polymers of the PPV (para-phenylene vinylene) family such as poly(2-[(3'-7'-dimethyloctyl)oxy]-5-methoxy1,4-phenylene}-1,2-ethenediyl) (MDMO-PPV) and poly({[(2ethylhexyl)oxy]-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylene}-1,2-ethenediyl) (MEH-PPV) were among the very fi rst electron-donor materials utilized for the construction of plastic solar cells. Power-conversion effi ciencies up to 2.5–3.0% have been obtained for solar cells based on the blends of fullerene derivatives [6,6]-phenylC 61 -butyric acid methyl ester ([60]PCBM) and [6,6]-phenyl-C 71 butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM), and MDMO-PPV. [ 1 , 2 ]


founded on a nearly complete skeleton. Under Hedr0oncizus stei-nberg> i, the recorder isolates the remark of the author that the typical specimen "has the appearance of the crown of a young tooth," thus conveying the impression that the author described it believing it to be such. This is really culpable carelessness. Page 28i; Ticizosteus lucasonus is said to have been founded on teeth; its teeth are really unknown. Clepsydrops limbattus is said to be from the Dakota beds of Colorado; it is described from the Texas Permian. Same page; "A (?) crocodilian tooth named Suclwopriorn cyphodon;'-' the text of the paper quoted states in several places that several teeth represent this species. Page 290, Diceratazeriuni is called "the Eocene rhinoceros." The American species are Miocene. Page 29 1, " The beds this fossil ('Atlantosaurus') comes from are Jurassic and Cretaceous." No genus of reptiles is known to be common to the Jurassic and Cretaceous in America, least of all the one in question.


By using Visual Basic 6.0 as the developing method,utilizing SQL and Access,a kind of welding CAPP system has been developed.The research method of knowledge base was established.The manipulation including addition,deletion,correction of the knowledge base had been solved to the system.Using the SQL statements such as tables inquires,It achieved rational welding process program,formed welding process card and had the functions of print on the base of the needs of users.Testing results show that the system follow the welding procedures of pressure vessel with friendly interface.The system can meet the actual demands as it work out welding process card of pressure vessel with intelligent.


The present invention is a kind of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) relates to an antenna structure of the transponder, in particular, and the one antenna insulating layer to a corresponding location of the body, and the opening is facing the joint foldback circuit comprising a sort of coupling installation, the foldback circuit a is provided with a RFIC (radio frequency Integrated circuit) a radio frequency circuit, by making it possible to transfer a wireless signal to the coupler and responsive manner, reducing the directionality (directivity) problem of the radio signal through the fold-back circuit, the radio signal increases the effective read range (Read Range), a local area (near Field) recognition and far (far Field) can be combined with the recognition at the same time, it is possible the production of RFID transponders also enhance the production rate and reduce the production cost. The antenna main body, the engaging portion, the distance, the antenna portion, an insulating layer, a folding baekhoe opening, the electrically conductive part, an antenna base, RFIC


A 66–year-old woman showed profound neuropsychiatric disturbance after withdrawal from prolonged corticosteroid treatment. Reintroduction of an alternative corticosteroid, at low dose, produced a return to premorbid mental state.


In 1941, Peruvian president Manuel Prado declared by official decree that the year 1942 be dedicated to the celebration of the Fourth Centenary of the Discovery of the Amazon River which he described as the "crowning achievement of our nationality integration". In the aftermath of the Ecuadorian- Peruvian war of 1941 and in the context of the renewal of the rubber extraction, the fourth centenary proved to be unprecedented in the production of speeches on Peruvian identity and the Amazon. This work shows how an attempt was made to incorporate the Amazonia into the national identity by reviving and updating cliches about the jungle.


From the Seleucid period onward, substantial transformations occurred in the ceramic assemblages from Qizlar Qalʾeh on the Gorgan Plain and ancient Merv (modern Gyaur Kala). Using quantitative and archaeometric analyses, we assess and compare modifications in vessel repertoires, production techniques, and material sources across both sites to understand the nature and chronology of these changes. Similar technological developments are observed at Qizlar Qalʾeh and Merv, and are examined with regard to a potential Hellenistic reception in the ceramic material. Variations in the chronological distribution of innovations and assemblage composition help us to elucidate the neighborhood relations between eastern Iran and western Central Asia at this time. Our comparisons point toward a common cultural environment for both sites especially during the Early Parthian period, which is demonstrated in the many analogies of manufacturing techniques and vessel shapes. At the same time, we see different continuing local traditions, highlighting the flexible mode in which ceramic repertoires are adapted to the changing requirements under Hellenistic rule.


We present a late presentation of saddle pulmonary embolism and thrombus‐in‐transit straddle the patent foramen on patient who successfully recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (COVID‐19) pneumonia. Seven days postdischarge (ie, 28 days after initial COVID‐19 symptom onset), she was readmitted to hospital for severe dyspnea. Computer tomography angiogram and echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis. Severe pro‐inflammatory and pro‐thrombotic states with endothelial involvement have been reported associated with severe COVID‐19 infection. However, the duration of hypercoagulable state has not yet known. This case highlights the risk of thromboembolic phenomena for prolonged periods of times after recovering from COVID‐19 pneumonia.


ABSTRACT Digital television technology developments provide the unprecedented opportunity to personalize television advertisements enhanced with interactive features on the basis of viewers' preferences or interests. Existing personalization techniques applied over interactive platforms such as the Web provide the framework for the development of novel personalization approaches that take into account the particular television domain characteristics. In this article, we examine the exploitation of lifestyle as a predictor of consumers' behavior in combination with dynamic behavioral user-driven data for the development of an efficient personalization approach. The focus is on the extraction of a limited set of variables that model membership in lifestyle segments easily collectible in this environment. The lifestyle indicators are then utilized as a key element in a personalization algorithm for digital television advertisements.


This article is devoted to the role and status of English language and the development of the English language in Kyrgyzstan, taking into account the global processes related to its functioning in the world and in the post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Considering language as a multidimensional phenomenon implies a multiplicity of its complementary statuses and the sociolinguistic functions it performs. The proposed approach is the implementation of the principles of a system-wide linguistic policy based on the assessment of the sociolinguistic situation in Kyrgyzstan, focused on the harmonization of functional and instrumental factors that determine the functioning of the English language in the country. The article analyses the relationship between the sociolinguistic functions of the English language in Kyrgyzstan and the existing mechanisms of national and international law required for their adequate implementation.


Accurate prediction of the lithium-ion battery remaining useful life can effectively manage the lithium-ion battery health. Using the early cycle data to predict the remaining useful life can reduce consumption and detect battery failures earlier, but it is still a great challenge due to weak and high dimensional nonlinear feature data of the early cycle. In order to solve this issue, this paper proposes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model that combines the idea of Broad Learning System (BLS), called BLS-LSTM, to accurately forecast the lithium-ion battery remaining useful life by using early cycle data. Firstly, according to the BLS idea, more effective feature nodes are obtained by performing mapping operations and enhancement operations on input features. Secondly, the characteristic nodes are input into the LSTM as new input nodes to predict the remaining useful life of the lithium-ion battery. Finally, the proposed model is validated with different early cycle data and compared with other methods. The results show that the BLS-LSTM model has better prediction performance and higher accuracy in the early prediction of the remaining useful life.


Activated microglia have been suggested to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), a cytotoxic cytokine, in many pathological brains. Thus, the molecular mechanism of this induction and suppression has been desired to be solved. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an experimental inducer of TNFa, we investigated the regulation mechanism by which TNFa is induced or suppressed in microglia. LPS-induced TNFa was suppressed by pretreatment with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) inhibitor SB203580. Similar suppression was achieved by pretreatment with specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, Gö6976 and bisindolylmaleimide. These results suggest that PKCa activity in addition to p38MAPK activity is associated with TNFa induction in LPS-stimulated microglia. The requirement of PKCa in LPS-dependent TNFa induction was verified in PKCa-downregulated microglia in which TNFa was severely suppressed by the stimultion with LPS. Simultaneously, PKCa was found to be requisite for the activation of p38MAPK in LPS-stimulated microglia. In addition, PKCa in the LPS-stimulated microglia was proved to decrease by p38MAPK inhibitor, indicating that PKCa level is regulated by p38MAPK activity. Thus, it is concluded that PKCa and p38MAPK are interactively linked to the signaling cascade to induce TNFa in LPS-stimulated microglia.


DEMOCRACY AND THE DANGEROUS MANMAFIA JUSTICE VERSUS CITIZEN VIRTUE SEPTEMBER 1997 L. MICHAEL MCCARTNEY, A.B., FORDHAM UNIVERSITY M.A., AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Nicholas Xenos Organized crime in the United States has, in the words of political theorist Sheldon Wolin, exerted "significant power and influence, controls enormous wealth, and exhibits many of the same features which ordinarily arouse the interest of political scientists, e.g., organization, authority, power, kinship ties, rules, and strong consensus." And yet, "despite the promising research possibilities," as Wolin has noted, "no textbook on American government provides a place for organized crime in 'the system,' no study of 'polyarchy' or community has taken


While the BTnode has been designed for conducting research in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), it does not carry any onboard sensors. This is in contrast to other WSN-platforms, such as the Tmote Sky, which (optionally) comes with three onboard sensors (temperature, light, and humidity). The reason for not including a xed set of sensors lies in its added exibility: depending on the particular application, BTnodes can be equipped with seperate sensor-boards that contain only the required set of sensors and which can be directly connected to one of the external connector sockets on the BTnode. Working with sensors on the BTnode thus requires us to choose either a pre-made sensor board, or to connect our own set of sensors directly to one of the BTnode's connectors. In this tutorial, we will use the BTsense sensor board, developed as part of the 2006 Wireless Sensor Network lecture at the ETH Zurich's Inst. of Pervasive Computing. It has been specically designed to contain both analog (light) and digital (temperature and motion) sensors, as well as an actuator (buzzer). It is connected through the BTnode's Debug Connector (called J2) on the side, and is designed to be attached (e.g., with some plaster material) to the side of the BTnode. Figure 11.1 shows the top of the board. In particular, the BTsense board features the following sensor and actuators (rev 1.1):


The 1960s and 70s witnessed an increasing number of Indians immigrating to. The USA in search of the "American Dream". In the process of "striking roots" in an Unknown land, the first generation of Indian – Americans were conscious to maintain strong ties with their own culture, language and 'Indlanness'. As times changed, their offspring, struggled to balance their hyphenated identities. Thus giving rise to the issues of displacement, belongingness, up rootedness and cultural differences. These issues' strongly reflect in the writings of the diaspora writers like Jhumpa Lahiri. Unaccustomed Earth is Lahiri's third work in line. It is a poignant collection of short stories that reveals the tragedies and drama of the immigrant experience. The present paper aims to study the issue of estrangement that arises due to the conflict bf dual identities, generation gap, cultural dissimilarities and conflict of interests.


Electron–photon showers in lead have been studied in a multiplate cloud chamber at energies up to 40 Bev. The numbers of electrons under various thicknesses of lead have been determined by a photometric method combined with scintillator measurements. Experimental shower curves for several energies are given as well as the mean number of electrons at the shower maximum as a function of shower energy. The results are compared with standard shower theory under Approximation A with an assumed low-energy cutoff.


Microphysical Progresses of an ocean-effect snowstorm in Bohai occurred between 4th and 6th December,2008 is analyzed with the simulation data by RAMS4.4.The following show that Firstly,at beginning of the snowfall,there is cloud water,rainwater,graupel,ice crystals and snow crystals.Only rainwater and graupel can land.In the end of the snowfall,the others disappear except ice crystals and snow crystals.It is called snowfall because of the transient rainfall.Secondly,two kinds of microphysical processes occurred in the snowstorms including the "seeder-feeder" mechanism and suitable ice phase,both of which can be beneficial to increase the snowfall.Thirdly,the cloud in front of westerly trough and ocean-effect cloud in Bohai produce "seeder-feeder" when they merged.And the higher cloud seeds ice crystals and snow crystals to the lower ocean-effect cloud,which increased the intensity of snowfall.In the end,air temperature from-15℃ to-10℃ is favorable for dendritic Crystals growth.As a result,snowstorm would occur.Regions of the atmosphere where upward vertical motion coincides with favorable temperatures and high relative humidity values are strongly correlated wtih heavy snowfall.


Human lactate dehydrogenase (1,1,1,27-LDH) isoenzymes were determined in human prostatic carcinoma cell lines. The isoenzymes LDH-4/LDH-5 were identified and quantified in the serum of athymic mice bearing the human prostatic carcinoma cell lines PC-3, PC-3/M and DU 145 subcutaneously. The amounts of the slowly migrating isoenzymes released by the solid tumors correlated with increasing tumor volume and tumor weight. These correlations indicate that the human LDH-4/LDH-5 isoenzymes are useful parameters for monitoring the presence and growth of prostatic cancer in the athymic animal model.


Summarizing congnitive load theory and multi-media learning thoery,the present article analyzes information processing laws applied in multi-media foreign language learning process,in an attempt to find out existing problems in current coursewares.The article points out that the courseware design should be centered on learners' cognitive charatceristics and cognitive laws to emphasize the learning efficiency and long-term study competency and set principles of courseware design and information presentation.


The subject of the study is the norms of the current Russian legislation regulating the organization and correlation of planning levels, including in the field of national security, as well as the creation of a digital environment in the activities of public authorities and local self-government. The aim of the work is to develop proposals to improve the practice of countering (preventing) crime, primarily at the regional and municipal levels, to increase the effectiveness of the impact on its determining factors. The author creatively used general scientific methods in cognitively significant unity (analysis, synthesis, system-structural). The foreign experience of using information systems in the activities of regional law enforcement agencies for the analysis, forecasting (crimes, the identities of offenders, victims of crimes) is studied. The novelty of the work is due to the need to increase the use of information technology capabilities in the process of developing and implementing measures to prevent regional crime. The author substantiates the expediency of using the Criminological Planning portal within the framework of the Digital Strategic Planning platform as an adaptive information management system that provides support for management decisions by planning subjects in the field of crime prevention by the leadership of the country, region, municipality, its structure, requirements for information infrastructure are proposed, all the possibilities that the work will provide are reflected the portal, including through the implementation of professional training of specialists in the field of criminological planning through the remote method of communication, as a result of which an optimal system of subjects involved in criminological planning will be created in each region of Russia.


Glyburide (m/z 494) upon incubation with mouse liver microsomes resulted in hydroxylated metabolites (m/z 510). All the metabolites were characterized using data dependent EMS-EPI (Enhanced Mass Scan – Enhanced Product Ion) scan mode. Extracted Ion Current from mass spec detector identified the hydroxylated metabolites (m/z 510). LC (Liquid chromatography) with PDA (photo diode array detector) is used as a complimentary technique to confirm and quantify the identified metabolites. Metabolites formed in higher amounts are identified in both UV and MS detector. In the present study PDA detector in UV is used to quantify the hydroxylated metabolites with respect to parent drug glyburide. Chromatogram obtained from mass spec detector is influenced by ionization problems and synthesis of metabolites to quantify them is a lengthy process. In the present study spectrum obtained from PDA detector is demonstrated as an approach to quantify metabolites in the absence of synthetic standards.


We announce Hodge theoretic formulae of Atiyah-Meyer type for genera and characteristic classes of complex algebraic varieties. Our results are formulated in terms of the generalized (motivic) Hirzebruch characteristic classes, and the arguments used in the proofs rely in an essential way on Saito's theory of algebraic mixed Hodge modules.


OAC Bayfield is a 2725 CHU soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivar with excellent yield potential, broad adaptability in Ontario, adequate lodging resistance and above-average oil content. Key words: Soybean, cultivar description


Objective To study the modulation of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) expression by ethyl pyruvate(EP) in the hepatocyte of septic mice. Methods Cecal ligation-perforation (CLP) models were made in mice as septic model. Total of 60 mice were divided into three groups: sham group, CLP+REPS group and CLP+RLS group. Ringer's ethyl pyruvate solution (REPS) and Ringer's lactic solution (RLS) were used in two groups to resuscitate the septic mice respectively. Malonaldehyde(MDA) in hepatic tissue and hepatocyte HSP70 expression was detected in different groups. Results Malondialdehyde level in septic groups was higher than in sham group( P 0.01). EP promoted the anti-oxidative ability of hepatic tissue in septic mice. Malondialdehyde level was lower in REPS group than in RLS group[(48.18±5.98) μmol·g-1protein vs (78.34±11.16) μmol·g-1protein, P0.01]. The expression of hepatocytic HSP70 in REPS group was higher than in RLS group [(28.76±5.69) vs (20.04±4.93), P0.05]. The MDA level was negative correlated with the expression of HSP70 (r=-0.733,P0.01). Conclusion Ethyl pyruvate, as its anti-oxidative ability, can increase the expression of HSP70 of hepatocyte in septic mice.


Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common in patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and systematic screening is recommended, especially before growth hormone treatment. The aim of the study was to describe the baseline SDB and therapeutic interventions in a large cohort of patients.


This paper compares the match obtained using the classical Langevin function, the tanh function as well as a recently by the authors proposed double Langevin function with the measured anhysteretic magnetization curve of three different non-oriented electrical steel grades and one grain-oriented grade. Two standard non-oriented grades and a high-silicon grade (Si content of 6.5%) made by CVD are analyzed. An excellent match is obtained using the double Langevin function, whereas the classical solutions are less appropriate. Thereby, problems such as those due to propagation of approximation errors observed in hysteresis modeling can be bypassed.


This paper situates an analysis on the commonalities and ordinariness of Jewish and Muslim experiences vis-à-vis a critique on nationalism and belonging in the literature of Edeet Ravel and Mohsin Hamid, in addition to other writers. These literary writers are highlighted by an exploration of Eran Riklis' film A Borrowed Identity amidst the critical perspectives of Ari Shavit, Leila Ahmed, Edward W. Said, and Justin Trudeau. The focus on Israel/Palestine is complemented by addressing sustained issues of nationalism and belonging in America that reverberate on global degrees of awareness as to how religious degrees of belonging can be reconsidered in light of understanding instantiations of cultural mise-en-scène from nuanced degrees of awareness. In turn, a multifaceted unsettling of identity, religion, and culture is posited that vividly collapses distinctions between East/West in revealing highly different ways of contemplating perceptions of Jews and Muslims in the world today.


This paper considers direct torque control strategies in induction motor drive to minimize torque ripples. Spacevector modulation and modified space vector control concept is implemented to design the controller. Basic DTC method suffers from torque ripples problem and switching frequency variation.[1] Torque ripples are minimized using space vector modulation technique but execution time in three phases to two phase transformation and reference voltage calculations requires more, comparing with other method by determination of effective time vectors. Sector and angle determination and procedure of determination of reference vector is eliminated in modified Space vector modulation method. Simulation studies have been carried out for three methods.Basic DTC results in, change in flux, change in speed and change in load are simulated in Matlab and compared with other two strategies on the same platform.This paper mainlyhighlights performance of the drive in dynamic torque and flux response. Keywords—Basic DTC;SVPWM;torque ripple


Objective To analyze the epidemic rules of Japanese B encephalitis in Yibin City from 2001 to 2005, so as to provide scientific basis for its effective prevention and control. Method Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation. Results From 2001 to 2005, there were 362 cases reported infecting with Japanese encephalitis in Yibin City. The average incidence rate was 1.41/105. The disease was a seasonal disease, and the main occurrence happened from January to September. There was no significant difference in gender. The main morbidity population was people aged 0-15 years old. The occupational distribution of the disease was mainly in primary and middle school students, accounting 66.57% of the total incidence. Conclusion The incidence rate of Japanese encephalitis in Yibin City is relatively high, so the prevention and control of the disease should be strengthened.


PRMA (Packet Reservation Multiple Access) represents a class of packet-contention access protocols for wireless microcellular networks that handles both voice and data traffic. We consider a dynamic control procedure for the operation of PRMA systems and analyze it by means of a Markov model of the PRMA systems. The model gives indications of some margins for performance improvement under the hypothesis that the number of contending terminals in the system is exactly known. Since this last value is not available in general, we propose an estimator of its value and simulate the dynamic control based on such estimation. The results show that the estimation error can cause the degradation of performance, this effect is particularly evident in the case of PRMA++ protocol.


Using economic deregulation as a quasi-natural experiment for increasing product market competition, we find increases in earnings manipulation and accounting frauds following deregulation. This "dark-side" of product market competition is particularly evident for deregulated firms in high market-to-book industries, where we find evidence of short-termism in the capital market. We further find that firms in these industries, if actively manage earnings, tend to make more acquisitions and have higher survival rates. Overall, our results are largely consistent with Shleifer (2004), who predicts an important interplay between product market competition and capital market valuation feedback that could induce misbehaving incentives among firms in competitive industries.


The assumption of the pursuit for personal maximum benefits is consistent with human nature.The teacher education policies which realize the maximum benefits could guarantee teachers' direct benefits and promote teachers' initiative development.Under the impact of the opposite teacher education policies,teachers would receive their benefits indirectly,and get development in passive way.In the process of making teacher education policies,,identifying the direct beneficiaries,analyzing the relevant factors,and guaranteeing the benefits acquisition of the teachers would ensure the effectiveness of promoting teacher development.


The paper proposes the decentralized decision and centralized decision models of a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) with stochastic demand,consisting of one risk-neutral manufacturer and one risk-averse retailer,with the use of the game theory and the conditional value-at-risk(CVaR) criterion.The purpose is to characterize the impact of the risk-averse degree of retailer on the order-quantity decision and the profit of supply chain,and analyze the effect of inferior-products' repairing and remanufacturing.Based on the contract theory,a profit sharing contract was put forward to coordinate the CLSC.The study reveals that the decentralized order-quantity is lower than the centralized order-quantity;the two decision models of the CLSC with the risk-averse retailer generalize the corresponding models of the CLSC with the risk-neutral retailer,and the classic newsvendor model is a special case of the decentralized models;the profit-sharing contract can coordinate the CLSC and generate a win-win situation between the manufacturer and the retailer.Sensitivity analysis shows that the retailer being more risk-averse makes fewer order quantities;but the lower rate of regular products leads to higher order quantities;under both circumstances the profits of the manufacturer,the retailer and the whole supply chain will reduce.


Scuba diving has become a burgeoning branch of the tourism service. Various activities of recreational diving do not especially necessitate natural reefs-any varied vehicle such as ship, plane and other large structures may be adequately attractive. Coastal groups are turning to these structures by the way of supplying new locations for scuba diving tourists. Despite the lack of a global database, our literature review indicated extensive use of artificial reefs for recreation in the United States, currently viewed as the pioneering puissance and professional in the field. Moreover, the Canadian and Australian governments have both promoted several "ships to reef" programs focused on recreation. However, the used of three-dimensional structures (ships, planes etc.) as artificial reefs in sensitive ecosystems such as the Mediterranean and Red Sea is not a common practice. Although scuba divers are interested in such type of structures, ships to reef is a matter of debate especially in the Mediterranean region. In Turkey, a National Artificial Reef Program was drafted in 2008, however there is no regulation at present about intentionally sinking a ship for the creation of recreational diving destinations. The aim of this review was to investigate the use of man-made structures as artificial reefs for recreational diving around the world.


Introducing and selecting varieties,situation of breeding varieties of home and abroad and its basic research were summarized In this paper,concluding and summarizing high-yield cultivation,high efficiency agriculture grass field system,seed production,forage collection storage technical.Synthesizing high crude protein,good palatability,high digestibility,feeding cattle,sheep,hare,goose,pig,can obviously save grain feed,debase aquaculture cost.Analyzing existing problem of productive practice,in view of popularizing and planting of Italian ryegrass developed grassland husbandry and adjusted agricultural structure,we put forward future research objective and emphases.


In recent years, there has been a significant amount of literature concerning high step-up DC-DC converters. Whereas the voltage level needs to be raised to a higher value so that the DC conversion can meet the AC mains value. A boost converter is the most popular circuit in the field, but because of its drawbacks, employing it is limited. Interleaved boost converters have attracted considerable attention and are a promising solution for high-power step-up and power factor correction applications. To demonstrate the importance of this topology, a comparison has been made with single-switch converters. For this reason, this paper classifies the topologies into two main categories based on the number of main switching elements: Single-switch and interleaved boost converters. Then, each category was classified, including the conventional and the modified types, to cover the effect of adding voltage multiplier cells, coupled inductors, and a combination of coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cells. Each converter's performance was evaluated by comparing the voltage gain of each unit. Also, this paper highlighted these converters' essential characteristics, topological strategies, benefits, and demerits to clarify the differentiating solutions. Additionally, this work presents the difficulties or directions for developing novel topologies.


Summary A special temporary exhibition took place at the Hungarian National Szechenyi Library between October 2010 and April 2011. This exhibition, entitled "Printed Hungarian Globes from the Beginnings to Our Days" shows a cross-section of Hungarian globe production. This is the first occasion in Hungary when most of the exhibited terrestrial and celestial globes could be seen as well as examined on computer screens at the same time and place due to the "virtual exhibition" that completed the event. Next to the showroom of the globes, two computers were placed for the visitors, who could spin around the 3D models of the globes they had seen beyond the security barriers minutes before. The virtual part of the exhibition was prepared by the authors of the Virtual Globes Museum web site. This paper introduces the exhibition and the techniques used for its digital support.


To construct a library of mouse single chain variable fragment(scFv) antibody against NFLX using phage display and recombinant antibody technique,and getting the scFv antibody against NFLX with high speciality and affinity by bio-panning.The conjugation of Norfloxacin-bovine serum albumin(BSA)is prepared via carbodiimide method as immunogen.Total RNA was extracted from the spleen cell of the immune Balb/C mouse followed RT-PCR using random primer.The heavy-chain and light-chain variable region genes(VH and VL) repertoire of immunoglobulin were amplified respectively by PCR.Then they were linked by a DNA linker encoding(G1y4Ser)3 as VH-linker-VL sequence forming scFv by SOE(splicing by overlap extension) PCR.These fragments were cloned into the phagemid pCANTAB5E and the recombinant phagemids were transformed to susceptible Escherichia coli TGl by electroporation.After rescuing with helper phage M13KO7,a library of phage scFv antibody was got.NFLX-OVA was coated on 96 well plate to perform affinity enrichment panning,and direct Elisa was applied to test the bio-activity against special antigen of the scFv.The recombination rate of the recombinant plasmids scFv-pCANTAB5E is 85%,the titer of the phage antibody library was about 1.3 106 pfu,and 5 strains of mouse scFv antibody phage against NFLX were obtained.The mouse special scFv phage library against NFLX was constructed successfully,and it establishes the foundation for screening the antibiotics residues using the phage display technique.