We compared spatial patterns of tree species (> 10 cm DBH) from two north-temperate (Bryn Athyn, southeastern Pennsylvania, and Smoky Mountains, Tennessee, U.S.A.), two south-temperate (Abtao and Huillinco, Chiloe, Chile), one subtropical (Berenty, Madagascar), and three tropical forests (Guanacaste, Costa Rica; St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands; and Saul, French Guiana). An index of dispersion based on distances to nearest conspecifics (DNC) was used to infer tree spatial patterns. Clumped spatial patterns were predominant in all tropical forests (75-100% of species) and in one north-temperate forest (Smoky Mountains). In the two south-temperate forests and in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, random spatial patterns were more common (50-58% of species). Uniform distributions were rare in all forests. Examination of the overall distributions of DNCs revealed a marked and unexpected similarity between some tropical and north-temperate localities. South-temperate forests exhibited the highest densities of trees and the smallest average DNCs. The differences in the proportions of random vs clumped spatial patterns among forests seem to be related to different histories of disturbance in the forests compared. We postulate that forests which are subjected to frequent, catastrophic disturbances should exhibit a predominance of random spatial patterns, whereas clumping should predominate in forests where canopy gaps are the major cause of structural change. BIOLOGISTS HAVE LONG BEEN FASCINATED by the extraordinary richness of tree species in many tropical forests (Black et al. 1950, Richards 1952) compared with that of temperate forests (Ricklefs 1977, Gentry 1982). The ecological mechanisms responsible for this difference remain obscure (Hubbell & Foster 1983); however, some studies (MacArthur 1969, Janzen 1970, Heithaus 1974, Bawa 1974, Stiles 1978) suggest that differences in seed dispersal methods, plant reproductive systems, and the activities of host-specific herbivores and pathogens may interact to maintain the high number of tree species in tropical forests. Janzen (1970) and Connell (1971) hypothesized that density-dependent seed and seedling mortality due to herbivory tend to reduce establishment near the parental tree, resulting in hyperdispersed populations. Even if seedlings are dumped as a result of dispersal (Greig-Smith 1979, Hubbell 1979), clumping should decrease in mature forests due to density-dependent mortality. A different mechanism has been proposed by Grubb (1977), Hubbell (1979), and Connell (1978) that can also lead to high tree species richness. According to these authors, small disruptions of the canopy due to tree falls permit the coexistence of successional tree species together with climax species. Gap-phase processes would result in predominantly clumped distributions in mature forests (Bormann & Likens 1979, Putz & Milton 1982). A comparison of tree spatial patterns in mature forests may help elucidate the main processes governing vegetation dynamics and species richness. Here we compare spatial patterns of mature forests in the tropics and the temperate zone to determine (1) whether there are differences between them in the relative proportion of random, clumped, and uniform species distributions, and (2) if these differences between forests can be related to differences in geographical location (tropical vs temperate), rainfall patterns, dispersal, and herbivore fauna or vegetation dynamics. STUDY AREAS AND METHODS TROPICAL FORESTS.-Data on spatial distribution of tree species in the tropics are from the following sources: Hubbell's (1979) study of tree spatial patterns in a dry deciduous tropical forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica; Forman and Hahn's (1980) survey of a dry semievergreen forest in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands; an unpublished study by Mitchell and Mori (pers. comm.) in an evergreen wet forest in Saul, French Guiana; and unpublished data from BIOTROPICA 18(1): 1-11 1986 1 I Received 4 April 1984, revision accepted 9 November 1984. 2 Present address: Laboratorio de Sistematica y Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. I Present address: The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, U.S.A. This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Sat, 24 Dec 2016 05:12:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms S. O'Connor, collected in a 97-ha patch of undisturbed gallery forest in Berenty, Madagascar (Table 1). Hubbell (1979) studied 13.44 ha of forest, including 87 species of overstory and understory trees and 10 species of vines. Approximately two thirds of the species were deciduous during the dry season. The 25-m canopy was uneven and provided an 87-percent cover. Most canopy species (25-30 m high) in Forman and Hahn's (1980) study site were seasonally deciduous, but understory trees were evergreen. Epiphytes and lianas were relatively uncommon. In Saul, French Guiana, the study site was in the area of La Fumee Mountain, which includes nearly 400 tree species (S. Mori, pers. comm.). The topography was characterized by steep slopes descending to narrow creek valleys. The canopy reached 30 m, but 40-m emergentse.g., Lecythis tumefacta, Couratari stellata, C. multi/lora, and Terminalia guyanensis-were common. Although large gaps could be observed, the forest sampled had no history of recent human or large-scale natural disturbance. In Madagascar, the forest studied was located in the Berenty Reserve and was protected from human-induced disturbance and fire (Jolly 1966). The forest canopy was 25-30 m in height, dominated by Tamarindus indica and secondarily by Celtis spp., Acacia spp., and Crataeva excelsa. The maximum width of the forest was c. 2 km, naturally grading into a spiny, xeric vegetation away from the Mandrare River. The drier sections of the forest were covered by thick tangles of Cissus quadrangularis. Other vines were less common. A large resident population of herbivorous mammals has been reported in this forest (Jolly 1966). TEMPERATE FORESTS.-South-temperate forests were sampled on Chiloe Island, in southern Chile. North-temperate forests were sampled in Bryn Athyn, southeastern Pennsylvania, U.S.A., and in the Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee, U.S.A. (Table 1). The forests studied on Chiloe Island were dominated by evergreen trees, primarily the emergent Nothofagus nitida (at 30-40 m). The sites selected for our survey represent old-growth forests, as evidenced by large trees presumably undisturbed by human activity. The first forest sampled, Abtao, was located on the western flank of the Cordillera de San Pedro, near the town of Abtao (Table 1). The second site, Huillinco, was located in the interior, on the hills surrounding Lake Huillinco. Both forests were rich in vines and epiphytes, including Mitraria coccinea, Sarmienta repens, Griselinia ruscifolia, Luzuriaga polyphylla, Hydrangea serratifolia, Lophosoria sp., and several Hymenophyllum species. General descriptions of the climate, soils and vegetation of Chiloe can be found in Holdgate (1961) and Godley (1968). The north-temperate forest in Bryn Athyn was located in Montgomery County, within the limits of the Wilderness Park managed by the Pennypack Watershed Association. It is part of the Piedmont physiographic province, and the soils are mull humus type with an acid pH. Canopy trees were 30-40 m tall. Common vines were Toxicodendron radicans, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vitis labrusca. The area sampled was never clearcut, though some selective cutting occurred in the early 1900s. There was evidence of old fires on the bark of large Liriodendron trees. In the Great Smoky Mountains National Park we sampled a patch of undisturbed cove-hardwood forest located near the Chimney Tops Picnic Area (Table 1). Soils are colluvial with an acid pH, derived from Precambrian rocks of the Ococe series. Canopy height was 2530 m. A dense understory of Rhododendron maximum was found in small sections of the forest. Common vines were Aristolochia durior and Vitis sp. SAMPLING METHOD.-The following procedure was employed in all forests compared except Hubbell's site in Guanacaste. Trees greater than 10 cm DBH were sampled using a modified point-quarter method (MuellerDombois & Ellenberg 1974). Transects were run in a randomly selected compass direction, starting well inside the forest patch to avoid edge effects. Every 20 m along the transects, we recorded the distances from that point to the nearest tree in each of four quarters and the DBHs of the four trees. To determine spatial patterns, we also measured the distance from each of the four trees to its nearest conspecific within a radius of 30 m. When stems were very close so that suckering was suspected, we considered them as one individual and measured the DBH of the thickest stem. Transect direction was maintained until an insurmountable barrier was encountered (e.g., a dense thicket of understory, a very steep slope). In such cases, a new compass direction was selected for the remaining points. Average length of a transect was 10 points (200 m). Forty points were sampled in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania; 40 in Abtao, Chiloe; 15 in Huillinco; 37 in the Smoky Mountains; 33 in St. John (from Forman & Hahn 1980); and 32 in Berenty, Madagascar (S. O'Connor, pers. comm.). In Saul, French Guiana, 200 points (800 trees) were sampled, but dispersion data are based only on 9 species readily identifiable in the field (J. D. Mitchell & S. Mori, pers. comm.). Since these species were not necessarily the most common (from N = 48 to N = 8), and since no correlation was observed between abundance and type of spatial pattern, this should not bias our results. INDEX OF DISPERSION.-We inferred spatial patterns from the values of the index of dispersion (Greig-Smith 1983), defined as


The complexes [MoO(SR)4]–(R = aryl) and [MoO{S(CH2)nS}2]–(n= 2 or 3) can be prepared by reaction of an MoVI butanediolato-complex with thiolate anion in methanol. The complexes [MoO(SPh)4]– react with R′2NNH2[R′2= Me2 or (CH2)5] in refluxing CH3CN to give [Mo(NNR′2)O(SPh)3]–. Crystal Data for [PPh4][Mo(NNMe2)O(SC6H5)3]·(C2H5)2O : space group Pbca, a= 12.789(4), b= 19.375(3), c= 36.941(3)A, Z= 8.3 225 Independent reflections with I > 3σ(I) gave R= 0.076. The geometry is essentially square-pyramidal with an apical oxo-group and the NNMe2 group in the basal plane. Although the MO–N and N–N distances of 1.821(9) and 1.292(14)A respectively are analogous to other hydrazido(2–) complexes, the Mo–N–NMe2 system is anomalously bent with MO–N–N = 152.5(10)°.


The term xenophobia has been defined as a "distrust of foreigners and strangers," "discrimination against and hatred of foreigners, targeting outsiders and strangers," or "a deep antipathy to foreigners." Sociological and criminological interest has been mainly in how xenophobic movements and policies victimize immigrants, and less often in examining the contribution of xenophobia to genocides and mass killing. Scholars associate xenophobia with antipathy, hatred, or conflict for good reason: fear can drive hostility. Individual and societal xenophobia are both rooted in economic, political, and ideological forces as well as in small-group and individual dynamics.

Keywords:

Aggression;
Discrimination;
Ethnocentrism;
Sociology of Crime;
Xenophobia


injuries to the ACJ are common in contact sport and manual laborers. Although most of injuries are treated without surgical repair (2) , the treatment of ACJ dislocation remain controversial in spite of some controlled randomized trials have shown that the result of conservative treatment are better than those of operation (3) . Operation has been advocated to restore anatomy of ACJ since it has been thought that this could not be achieved by conservative


Even during the first establishment of the Republic (with the expression of Balaban), "the science of spirituality (=psychology) that talks about the spiritual existence of man" has always been interesting by the writers of that period. Especially since the 1940s, in some scientific, moral, religious and literary journals published in Turkey, the views of Western psychologists such as Carl Gustav Jung, who are famous in the psychology of religion, were explained. In this research, it has been tried to analyze how C. G. Jung and his views are handled in these journals. The journals discussed in the research are as follows: "Sebilürreşad", "Muslim Voice", "Tawhid", "New Ground", "Orbit", "Academy", "Young", "Cultural World", "Monthly" and "Kur'ani Hayat". In our research, the approach to Jung and his views in these examined journals was investigated and some results were obtained. Accordingly, Jung has a positive phenomenon accepted by the Islamic community, as some Islamic journals acknowledge that Jung is different from their peers". All Islamic journals used Jung. Although some criticize Jung to strengthen their own claims by pointing to Jung's authority, he used Jung to "guide his target audience" because he considered it closer to Islamic understanding than his Western counterparts. Islamic journals never used Jung's concepts of "persona", "anima-animus" and "self" in their articles. But they gave a lot of place to Jung's concepts such as "religion", "God", "archetype" and "collective unconscious". Especially since they see the concept of "collective unconscious" as an Islamic value, they have embraced it more. Islamic journals acknowledge Jung as the "authority". While this "authority" is the "strengthener" of its own claims based on some Islamic journals, it is a "model" for some Islamic journals whose aspects should be taken in accordance with their worldview. It is clear that Islamic journals do not have a scientific style and purpose when using Jung. It was concluded that Islamic journals approached Jung's concepts in the form of "ethnocentric" and "circular reasoning". It has emerged that Islamic journals that act with the logic of "Take what works and leave what does not work" and those who defend Islamic psychology are similar to the logic of "take the positive side of the West that fits the Islamic perspective" to Jung and his views. Key Words: Islamic Journals, Carl Gustav Jung, Jung's Views, The Jungian Phenomenon, The Collective Unconscious, Document Analysis.


Background: India bears a disproportionate burden of undernutrition. Access to an affordable, nutritious diet is one of the critical challenges. There is a need to assess the cost of a nutritious diet and find ways to understand and minimise the affordability gap through a comprehensive approach.
Objective: The present study was conducted in the West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, India. Its objective was to find out the cost of various diets, and their affordability, based on households' accounting for their total food expenditure, and assessing the coverage of essential governments' nutrition-specific interventions to use a model for suggesting ways to minimise the affordability gap. We also estimate the potential impact of nutrition-sensitive programmes on household food affordability.
 Methodology: The study employed the Cost of the Diet (CotD) methodology, a mixed-method, cross-sectional assessment, where the research team conducted surveys in 16 markets, 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 96 individual interviews (IDIs). Additionally, 434 household-level surveys were conducted to understand income, expenditure patterns in the localities and uptake of key nutrition-sensitive interventions. Secondary information from the 68th round of the National Sample Survey 2012 were used to assess rural Jharkhand's non-food expenditure (NFE). Data were analysed primarily using the Save the Children's Cost of the Diet software version 2.5.2.
 Results: The cost of the diet increased with an increase in the diet quality – from a basic energy-only diet costing INR 33,892 ($505.85)[1] per year for a standard household with 6 members to a food-habit nutritious diet (FHAB) costing INR 70,627 ($1054.13) per year. More than half of the sampled households could not afford a nutritious diet. The poorest quartile was spending 56.8% of income on food, compared to 33.7% for the richest quintile.
Conclusion: The cost of a FHAB diet should be used as a benchmark to track the progress of beneficiary groups in upcoming socio-economic assessments. Changes in the affordability gap should be observed to assess whether new initiatives have worked. Optimal coverage of existing nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive programmes has the potential to reduce the cost of a FHAB nutritious diet by up to 30%.
[1] $1=INR 67 (The exchange rate at the time of data collection, December 2019)


The effects of self-hypnosis training on immune function, mood and health at exam time in medical schools were examined, comparing instructions of enhanced immune function with relaxation, whereas instructions of increased energy, alterness, concentration and happiness were common to both procedures. Training consisted of three weekly group sessions, with unrestricted home practice with an audiocassette. Immune assays involved CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 lymphocytes, CD56 natural killer (NK) cells and blood cortisol. Students receiving immune-related imagery reported fewer viral illnesses, such as colds and influenza, during the exam period. Immune-related imagery was also more successful than relaxation imagery in buffering decline in total lymphocytes and subsets. Independent of instructions, hypnosis buffered the decline in CD8 cytotoxic T-cells observed in control subjects, an effect associated with hypnotic susceptibility (Harvard group scale). Evidence of a buffering effect on NK cells could not be replicated, which may have been confounded by generalized stressors. As found previously, dissociations between negative mood and raised cortisol followed hypnosis training. These findings along with a contemporaneous one with patients with herpes—preliminary due to the small scale of the study—demonstrate for the first time that there are benefits for reported illness as a result of a psychological intervention shown to strengthen the immune system and improve well-being. The benefits of self-hypnosis encourage investment in large-scale illness prevention studies and controlled clinical applications. Copyright © 2001 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis


A method for a yield based tool control for intermittently operating screwing tools, in which the physical quantities of torque and angle of rotation of the screw connection are measured, characterized, that the pitch gradient of torque to rotational angle of the screwing tool is determined, taking account of defined for the intermittent tool specific stroke angle dφ that the specific for the screwdriving dynamic thresholding of the elastic region of the screw connection is determined by averaging the plateau, which results from the zero value of the second derivative of the torque-rotational angle curve in the pitch curve maximum, and that the specific for the screwdriving dynamic cut-off threshold, the results from the crossing of the purely elastic Verschraubungsbereichs, is calculated from the percentage value preset by the operator to the detected dynamic threshold of the elastic region and a corresponding signal is generated to the tool control.


In discussing the importance of reason in his book The Philosophy of the Enlightenment, Ernst Cassirer suggested an important shift in Western culture from a pre-Enlightenment to a post-Enlightenment evaluation of life. He wrote: "The power of reason does not consist in enabling us to transcend the empirical world but rather in teaching us to feel at home in it." I While we in the last third of the twentieth century are being taught to feel at home in this world, we are also aware that "the home" which should provide at least some security and comfort, is in a state of flux . Reason, together with the two value-levers of science and democratic political processes which were to correct misunderstanding and improper control of power, has turned out to be the instigator of change a change that has brought new self-identities to individuals and groups, a change resulting in continual exposure to strange phenomena, and a change that seemingly impels us to an ever increasing rate of change.2 The effort to learn to feel at home in this world has brought with it a growing sense that the world is not simply "out there" as such; rather, it is constructed and reconstructed through an interdependence of a cultural "past", present physical conditions, and subjective intentions and choices. Likewi e, there is a sense among many people who are self-consciou of their ' being in this world ', that they are responsible for enhancing life without having a sure and clear perception of what enhancement could really mean. It is in this context that people today are wrestling with religious questions and moral behavior. While many today still grow up with a set of traditional religious symbols, they also feel an inrush of change, a change that is often labelled "secularization" by the-participants of traditional religions. The terms "secular" and "secularization" mean different things to different people ranging from living under a government impartial to different religious groups within a country to an insidious decline in raising ultimate questions, together with the substitution of pseudo-religion for the "true expression of the sacred". Our interest in the notions of "sacred" and "secular" in the process of modernization is to examine some of the assumptions in their usage, and then suggest that they are multidimensional terms having different meanings when applied to different religious goals and cultural experiences. First, we will analyze three kinds of change in religious life: ( 1) shifts in the forms and meanings oL sacred symbols, (2) change from one type of religious transformation process to another, and (3) a shift from the practices of traditional religious institutions to humanistic arts and sciences which function religiously for some people. In subsequent subsections of the essay we will examine some specific expressions of these three kinds of change found in India. By looking at these changes as different kinds of processes of change rather than as only one process, we can recognize a broad range of religious life


Implementation of IT in the enterprise raises the possibility of various risks arising from threats and disturbances. Companies need to have business continuity planning (BCP), so that the company's business processes can be sustain in normal or critical situations. BCP is a methodology used to create and validate plan to sustain business operations continuously before, during, and after disasters or disturbing events. BCP is an important part of Business Continuity Management (BCM) and is a step that can be taken to reduce the negative impact of business interruptions caused by internal and external. The current condition of the Business Continuity Plan is the lack of understanding of the key elements of the business continuity plan design that leads companies to realize what business continuity plan are or do not know what is needed to make BCP and BCP owned by the company still lack in completeness of the business continuity strategy. Based on the present condition, this research aims to explore the elements of BCP based on business continuity standard that is COBIT 5 Domain: Manage Continuity, ISO 22301: 2012 Business Continuity Management System, ITIL IT Service Continuity Management and related business continuity plan research. The results of the research are BCP has 8 main elements, determining the need of business continuity management, business continuity review, risk analysis, business impact analysis, business continuity strategy, disaster recovery plan, employee training, BCP testing, where the eight elements can be categorized into two are managerial and technical.


Background Estimates of the prevalence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among military personnel and combat veterans rely almost exclusively on retrospective self-reports; however, reliability of these reports has received little attention. Aims To examine the consistency of reporting of mTBI over time and identify factors associated with inconsistent reporting. Method A longitudinal cohort of 948 US National Guard Soldiers deployed to Iraq completed self-report questionnaire screening for mTBI and psychological symptoms while in-theatre 1 month before returning home (time 1, T 1) and 1 year later (time 2, T 2). Results Most respondents (n = 811, 85.5%) were consistent in their reporting of mTBI across time. Among those who were inconsistent in their reports (n = 137, 14.5%), the majority denied mTBI at T 1 and affirmed mTBI at T 2 (n = 123, 89.8%). Respondents rarely endorsed mTBI in-theatre and later denied mTBI (n = 14, 10.2% of those with inconsistent reports). Post-deployment post-traumatic stress symptoms and non-specific physical complaints were significantly associated with inconsistent report of mTBI. Conclusions Military service members' self-reports of mTBI are generally consistent over time; however, inconsistency in retrospective self-reporting of mTBI status is associated with current posttraumatic stress symptoms and non-specific physical health complaints.


The Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) covers over 1 million km2 and is located in four states in eastern Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. The MDB produces over 40% of Australia's total gross value of agricultural production, has over three quarters of the total irrigated land in Australia, utilises 70% of Australia's irrigation water and supplies drinking water for Adelaide (ABS 2007). The management of water allocation and water quality in the MDB has been a major policy concern for state and federal governments. In 1992 the Murray-Darling Basin Commission (MDBC), replacing the earlier River Murray Commission was established to provide a mechanism for enacting the MDB Agreement. Part of the agreement is to ensure that the water quality at Adelaide is less than 800 EC, 95% of the time. Recently the MDB has experienced some of the lowest recorded rainfall in the last 100 years (MDBC 2007a), resulting in re-examination of administrative arrangements for the MDB and greater national focus in addressing the complex situation facing the communities in the MDB. The aim of this paper is to examine the implications for the basin and Adelaide's potable water supply from an increased frequency of drought. A range of options for mitigating salinity under changed climatic conditions are considered.


Summary An occurrence of small diagenetic siderite concretions is described. They occur towards the top of a postulated shallowing sequence of cleaved Lower Palaeozoic siltstones and shales. The concretions occur as lenses and aggregates associated with horizontal grazing trails, and also as diffuse bands apparently unrelated to the latter. The concretions are compared with other similar structures described elsewhere, and an origin by diagenetic growth beneath the sediment–water interface in a marine environment is postulated.


Chapter 1: Studying Warfare in Ancient Mesoamerica Chapter 2: Ceramics and Warfare Chapter 3: The Politics of in the Usumacinta Basin Chapter 4: Imperialism in Pre-Aztec Mesoamerica Chapter 5: Maya Ritual and Conflict Chapter 6: Conflict in the Maya Lowlands 7 Chapter 7: The History of Warfare at Yaxuna Chapter 8: Symbolic Representation of Warfare Chapter 9: Butterfly War at Teotihuacan Chapter 10: Epigraphy and Archaeology in Belize Chapter 11: Early Classic Maya Conquest Chapter 12: Ethnic Conflict in Postclassic Mexico Chapter 13: Dramas of Conflict and War Chapter 14: Warfare in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica Chapter 15: Warfare in Ancient Mesoamerica Chapter 16 Bibliography Chapter 17 Index Chapter 18 About the Contributors


where E(t, x) is a vector valued function from R+ ⇥ Rd into Cd, n(t, x) is a function from R+ ⇥ Rd to R, B(t, x) is a vector-valued function from R+ ⇥ Rd into Rd and A has either the form (A1) A = B, a non positive constant, or (A2) A = @ @t R Rd B(t,y) |x y|2 dy, and in the second case, the initial data B(0, x) = B0(x) is added to (1.2). This system describes the spontaneous generation of a magnetic field in a cold plasma (case A1) or in a hot plasma (case A2) [8]. E denotes the slowly varying complex amplitude of the high-frequency electric field, B the self-generated magnetic field, n the fluctuation of the electron density from its equilibrium, and ↵ is a nonnegative constant, generally ↵ 1. Omitting the magnetic field B, we recover the system describing Langmuir's turbulence [5], [16], ⇢ iEt + graddivE ↵ rot rotE + nE = 0 ntt (n + |E|2) = 0. (1.3)


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing achieves very high spectrum efficient signal transmissions in a cellular network (CN). However, this is only possible when the received signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) is high enough. In a conventional CN, multiple antennas are colocated at each based station (BS) and hence, the throughput of a mobile terminal (MT) close to the cell edge significantly degrades due to reduced received SINR. Distributed antenna network (DAN), in which many antennas are spatially distributed over the cell, can solve this problem. In DAN, since some antennas can always be visible from an MT with a high probability, the received SINR can be increased over the entire cell. In this paper, we investigate the spatial distribution of the throughput of singlecarrier (SC) MIMO packet transmission using hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and a near maximum likelihood signal detection in DAN. First, we evaluate, by computer simulation, the spatial distribution of the uplink throughputs in a single-cell environment and show that DAN can achieve higher throughput than CN over the entire cell. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the frequency reuse factor on the uplink throughput in a multicell environment and show that DAN can reduce the frequency reuse factor and achieves higher spectrum efficiency than CN. Keywords-component; Distributed antenna, MIMO spatial multiplexing, single-carrier, near maximum likelihood detection


The phytochemicals and pigments present in cyanobacteria act as antioxidants. In the present study Nostoc spongiaeforme possess higher amount of phenolic content. The DPPH assay showed that scavenging activity increases with increase in concentration of DPPH. The Nostoc spongiaeforme possess significant antioxidant activity with high phenolic content, phycobiliprotein content and ability to scavenge free radicals and shows that it is used as a potential source of antioxidants.


We all know that without the development of education we could not process the construction of Chinese new countryside.However,the widely suspected education tuition system has become the bottleneck of the continuous development of Chinese countryside.The inconsistence between reformations of fiscal system and education system will result in the unreasonable charges of fundamental education and the ultimate resolution should focus on the system reformation itself and harmonious advance.The parallel advance of fiscal system reformation and education system reformation will reduce the cost caused by the disorder of fiscal system reformation and education system reformation.However,we should also pay attention to the improvement of prefectural financial support to fundamental education,provide sufficient protection,and consummate the transfer payment system of fundamental education financing.


The utility model discloses a frost heave factor for soil property, which comprises a tester box body formed by an upper portion and a lower portion. The lower portion of the tester box body is a Freon cooling chamber controlled by a power device, and the power device is connected with a controller through a wire. The upper portion of the tester box body is a measuring chamber, the Freon cooling chamber is connected with the measuring chamber through a temperature transmission plate which is provided with a soil sample test-piece mould, and the soil sample test-piece mould is provided with a displacement sensor which is connected with a display instrument. The frost heave factor tester for the soil property reduces other influencing factors, is capable of directly measuring frost heave state of soil samples under low temperature, has high detection accuracy, improves measurement efficiency, and provides quality guarantee for construction of buildings and roads.


THE LEVEL of the blood cholesterol varies with certain disease states, and recently some workers have thought that a high level may be related to the development of atheromatosis. It has been suggested by Dock 1 and by others 2 that the amount of cholesterol in the diet is a factor in determining the concentration of this material in the blood and in the production of atheromas. Doubt has been expressed, however, concerning the importance of the dietary cholesterol as a controlling factor of the blood level, and also as to its etiologic significance in atherosclerosis. 3 Many assumptions of those favoring a dietary factor in the production of atherosclerosis have been based on the fact that in certain races whose members ingest less cholesterol and animal fat this change in the arteries is less prominent. Since so many other known and unknown variables may be present, it is obvious


Background Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is one of the leading causes of hypopituitarism in developing countries. It occurs after postpartum necrosis of the pituitary gland, and it is considered a significant public health problem. This paper, apparently unpublished, aimed to perform an analysis on oral aspects in patients with SS. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 23 women diagnosed with SS at the Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil). Results Data on sociodemographic, dental and salivary flow aspects were collected through a clinical approach and a panoramic radiograph request. The mean age was 64 ± 11.5 years old, with the sample consisting mainly of married women (56.5%), socioeconomic class C2 or D / E (78.2%) and years of education up to 8 years (69.5%). The presence of horizontal bone loss (p<0.001) and bilateral pneumatization of the maxillary sinus (p=0.015) were significant data. The mean number of absent teeth considering all subjects was 23.17±9.7, being statistically significant (p<0.001). In relation to age, the mean number of missing teeth was higher in individuals over 65 years old (p=0.048). Reduced salivary flow was observed in 78.3% of the patients. In a bivariate analysis, considering the outcome variables "missing teeth" and "reduced salivary flow", it was observed that economic class (p< 0.001), family income (0.037) and maxillary sinus pneumatization (0.032) were statistically significant. Conclusions In brief, patients with SS showed severe teeth loss, reduced salivary flow, and low educational status. This study addressed important aspects regarding oral findings in SS and highlighted the importance of researches in oral medicine. Key words:Sheehan's Syndrome, hypopituitarism, tooth loss, salivary flow.


Target development work has led to a design which has been tested with beam power densities near 10 kW/cm2. Use of this design with hydrogen isotopes for targets provides stable, long-lived neutron sources.


It is known that implantation of hip endoprosthesis, especially when cemented, is accompanied by the risk of fat embolism to the pulmonary circulation. We here report the case of a paradox embolism in a patient with a persistent foramen ovale in the heart. A 77-year old man with a known multiple myeloma fell on his hip and suffered a femoral neck trochanteric fracture (AO 31.B3). A cemented total hip arthroplasty was performed and the greater trochanter was stabilised by cerclage. After surgery, slurred speech and a deviation of the eyes were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed ischemia in the dorsal flow area of the cerebellum on both sides, especially in the pica flow area, the left thalamus, left temporal and occipital due to multiple embolisms. Trans esophageal echocardiography showed a persistent foramen ovale (pfo) with free flow. Intensive specialized physio and ergotherapy was initiated with good results. Upon control three and a half years later the patient showed no neurologic sequelae and a stable hip prosthesis.


The pathophysiology and clinical severity of β‐thalassemia are related to the degree of α/non‐α‐chain imbalance. A triplicated α‐globin gene locus can exacerbate effects of excess α‐chains caused by a defective β‐globin gene, although this is not observed in all cases. Extensive studies on this condition are lacking. We report a group of 17 patients who are heterozygous for both the αααanti‐3.7 allele and a mutation in the β‐globin gene cluster. Their clinical phenotypes varied: six had mild anemia with microcytosis and hypochromia, while 11 had more severe anemia with splenomegaly requiring splenectomy (three cases) and blood transfusions (four cases). Different phenotypes were also evident in the presence of the same β‐thalassemia mutation: in one family, two individuals had the same α‐ and β‐globin genotypes but presented with different hematologic phenotypes. In addition, the complex interaction involving a triplicated α‐globin gene, β39‐ and δ+27‐thalassemia mutations is studied in a family with two siblings presenting with hemolytic anemia, normal Hb A2 and increased Hb F. Analysis of this series of patients suggests that additional genetic determinants play a role in modulating phenotypic expression in individuals with identical α‐ and β‐globin genotypes. Interaction with a triplicated α‐gene can play a role in the clinical presentation of patients with defective β‐globin gene expression and should be considered in the diagnosis of atypical cases. Am. J. Hematol. 55:83‐88, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Tear film stability has been a common denominator among conditions causing irritation of the ocular surface since Holly's report in 1973.1 Pflugfelder et al.2 noted "An unstable tear film is the hallmark of various dry eye states." The NEI/Industry Workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes reported breakup time (BUT) to be the only clinical test available to measure tear film stability.3 The fluorescein BUT (FBUT) test was introduced as corneal wetting time by Norn4 in 1969 and subsequently refined into the BUT test by Lemp5 in 1973. Although a reduced BUT is considered a global criterion of dry eye,3 it is criticized as not accurate or reproducible, and is not universally accepted.6–9 Inherently, the FBUT test is invasive, thus compromising its reproducibility.7,9


Data are presented on the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaves of the lemon (Citrus limon) and loquat (Eribotrya japonica) trees. Twenty-four castrated male Murciano-Granadina goats were used in 10 digestibility trials. The digestibility of untreated straw and straw treated with ammonia was measured in two trials, and in eight trials (4 trials×2 periods) lemon or loquat leaves were fed at levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100% in a diet with NH3-treated barley straw. Crude protein (CP) contents were slightly higher for lemon tree leaves (11·2%), since the treated straw had a lower protein concentration (6·9%). CF, NDF and ADF contents in the leaves were lower than in the treated straw. Digestibility of OM and CP in treated straw was lower than in the leaves of either tree. In contrast, CF, NDF, ADF and cellulose digestibilities of the leaves were lower than that of NH3-treated straw. The level of leaf inclusion in the diet significantly affected (P 0·05) by the type of leaves. Results from the present study suggest that tree leaves can be used as a roughage source instead of NH3-treated barley straw, with no adverse effect on intake or digestibility for goats. © 1998 SCI.


A multi-agent approach for network management was presented. Agents were built as a set of layers on top of the April language. April is a distributed symbolic programming language. The layers supported a set of object oriented and database features, labeled under the name April++. April++ objects have the ability in addition to the ordinary object oriented features, to deal with dynamic methods and relational database tables as part of their state component. These high level features facilitated the design of a generic agent architecture, where several heterogeneous components can be integrated using a blackboard as communication medium. This architecture, by adding appropriate agent components, was further specialised to build agents suitable for multi-service network management.


【Objective】Substantial research confirmed that HMW-GS is closely related to the baking quality of wheat varieties.【Method】The effects of different subunits at the same loci and different subunit combinations among different loci on quality traits were analyzed using a 190 lines population of recombinant inbred lines(RILs-6) in this study,which would provide important information for wheat quality improvement.【Result】The result showed that no significant differences were found among different subunits at the same loci for dry gluten content,protein content and kernel hardness.In contrast,different significances were detected for dough development time,dough stability time,breakdown time,and mixing time,Zeleny sedimentation value,gluten index,area,extensibility,maximum resistance,8 minute curve tall,peak value,bread volume,bread score and bread firmness.The influences of 8 different subunit combinations at different loci of RIL-6 were significantly different for physical and chemical characteristics,dough rheology characteristics and bread making qualities,but there were no significantly different protein contents.【Conclusion】 Different subunits at the same loci and different subunit combinations among different loci have significant effects on wheat quality traits.


Receivable and inventory control in carrying out the company's activities is very important in order to achieve the company's vision and mission. This study aims to find out how the effect of receivable turnover and inventory turnover on the profitability of the company with the capital structure as a moderation variable. The population of this study was a company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2017 – 2019, the sample for this research consists of nine companies in the consumer goods, basic industries, and chemical sectors selected by purposive random sampling. The analysis method used was descriptive statistics with analysis tools using Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The PLS-SEM analysis technique uses the help of WarpPLS 6.0 software with two stages of analysis, namely Measurement Model Analysis and Structural Model Analysis. Evaluation of the Outer Measurement Model uses three evaluation models, namely: Convergent Validity, Discriminant Validity, and Reliability Test. The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive influence between the turnover of receivables to profitability while inventory turnover has a significant negative effect on profitability and variable capital structure is not able to moderate the relationship between receivable turnover and inventory turnover to profitability.


The format for this curriculum guide, written for nurse practitioner faculty, consists of learning objectives, content outline, teaching methodology suggestions, references and recommended readings. Part 1 of the guide, Recognition of Early and Chronic Alcoholism, deals with features of alcoholism such as epidemiological data and theories, definitions, attitudes, and approaches to alcoholism; special populations and their needs; and biophysical and psychosocial consequences of alcoholism. Part 2, Diagnosis of Early and Chronic Alcoholism, addresses the assessment and diagnosis of alcoholism in a primary care setting, with emphasis on the assessment interview. Part 3, Management of Early and Chronic Alcoholism, deals with strategies used in the recovery process, e.g., mobilization, and formulation of a treatment plan. Specific treatment methods are covered, with the presentation of the phases of recovery, (initial detoxification followed by long-term rehabilitation, and aftercare). Family needs and problems during the recovery of the alcoholic family member are also addressed. A list of resources and audiovisual materials, the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, tables presenting major and minor Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism, e chart of Effects of Alcoholism on the Family, and the Seaman-Manello Scale (Form B) of Nurses' Attitudes Toward Alcohol and Alcoholism are appended. (LLL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTEFI 14, This din ',ownl has bi.en reproduced as rei ...veil from the Person or of garuation M"Itlf Changes he i been mide to improve re:tooth's t:on rlrr 15 Points of we.," of .)o.mons statel ,n this dOcu mLnt do not neceSSanly tnplesent official NIE Positron or pohc.. Technical Reviewers Rosemary Brune, R.N., M.S.N. Co-Director, Alcohol and Substance Abuse Seminars Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic Evansville, Indiana Nadine A. Coudret, R.N., Ed.D. Professor of Nursing Assistant Dean, Director of Graduate Nursing Program University of Evansville Evansville, Indiana Edith Heinemann, M.A., F.A.A.N. Professor, Program Director Alcohol and Drug Abuse Nursing Department of Psychosocial Nursing University of Washington Seattle? Washington About the Author Ms. Judith Hasselblad is a certified family nurse practitioner in the National Health Service Corps and has taught in the Family Nurse Practitioner Graduate Program at the University of Washington. She has extensive experience in alcoholism assessment and treatment and has been employed as a psychiatric nurse, an epidemiologist for the World Health Organization, and a medical nurse for the Malaysian Aborigine Health Service. Alcohol Abuse Curriculum Guide for Nurse Practitioner Faculty Judith Hasselblad, C.R.N., M.N., F.N.P. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 84-1313 Printed 1984 The Health Professions Education Curriculum Resources Series is sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) in cooperation with the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Through the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information (NCALI), expert authors are requested to develop curriculum guides and other teaching resources and are assisted in the preparation of these materials. The views and recommendations presented are those of the authors. The National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information is operated under contract number ADM 281-79-0001 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to Informatics General Corporation. The materials appearing on pages 157-161 are copyrighted and are reproduced with permission of the copyright holder. Further reproduction of these copyrighted materials is prohibited without specific permission of the copyright holder. All other material contained in this volume (except quoted passages from copyrighted sources) is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated.


This paper is about to develop a system to monitor speed droop rate characteristic of turbine governor for electric power plant. High quality electricity can be obtained, and so electricity supplier get more profit through it. Developed system presents basis of judgement of unusual system and proper maintenance time for the governor and power plant.


Examines Islamisation as both a cultural and religious phenomenon
The spread of Islam and the process of Islamisation (meaning both conversion to Islam and the adoption of Muslim culture) is explored in the twenty-four chapters of this volume. Taking a comparative perspective, both the historical trajectory of Islamisation and the methodological problems in its study are addressed, with coverage moving from Africa to China and from the seventh century to the start of the colonial period in 1800.
Key questions are addressed. What is meant by Islamisation? How far was the spread of Islam as a religion bound up with the spread of Muslim culture? To what extent are Islamisation and conversion parallel processes? How is Islamisation connected to Arabisation? What role do vernacular Muslim languages play in the promotion of Muslim culture?
The broad, comparative perspective allows readers to develop a thorough understanding of the process of Islamisation over eleven centuries of its history.


Purpose
This paper aims to explore the growth of the South African additive manufacturing (AM) industry over the past 31 years through the lens of the innovation system (IS) perspective, examining the actor dynamics and mechanisms that facilitated or hindered the industry's development.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a case study research approach, analysing semi-structured interviews with eight South African AM experts and documentary evidence. The IS framework and the realist evaluation perspective were used, using a context-intervention-mechanism-outcome (CIMO)-based event history analysis (EHA) framework to explore the actor dynamics and mechanisms of the case study.

Findings
The study used a case study research approach, analysing semi-structured interviews with eight South African AM experts and documentary evidence. The IS framework and the realist evaluation perspective were used, using a CIMO-based EHA framework to explore the actor dynamics and mechanisms of the case study.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the South African AM industry literature by providing an overview of the industry events over the past three decades and analysing the industry through the IS framework. The study is among the first to analyse the development of the South African AM industry, presenting innovation scholars and managers with valuable decision-making support by providing insights into the innovation activities performed during each stage of the industry's development, who performed them, the sequence in which they were performed and the outcomes they delivered.


Cinmethylin was applied to foliage of 'Gator Belle' pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants at rates ranging from 0.50 to 4.0 Ib.a.i./acre under conditions of both low and high relative humidity. Plant vigor phytotoxicity and marketable and cull fruit production were evaluated. Relative humidity had no effect on plant vigor 2, 4, or 6 weeks after application and affected phytotoxicity 2 weeks after application only where the condition of high relative humidity significantly (P<0.01) increased phytotoxicity. Cinmethylin rate affected plant vigor as early as 2 weeks after application with vigor decreasing linearly (P<0.05) with increasing rate by 4 weeks after application. Two weeks after application phytotoxicity was present at all rates of cinmethylin, the greatest levels being at the 2 high rates, 2.0 and 4.0 Ib.a.i./acre. Phytotoxic ity decreased 4 weeks after application but was still signifi cantly (P<0.01) higher than the control at the 2 high rates. Neither relative humidity nor cinmethylin rate affected mar ketable or cull fruit production. Cinmethylin provides good season-long grass control (2,3); however, crop safety has not been consistent. Trans planted cabbage is more severely injured by pretransplant than posttransplant application (2). Pretransplant applica tion of cinmethylin to pepper was reported as noninjurious in 1 study (5), while preemergence application to directseeded pepper was injurious (3). Preliminary research indi cated weed control was better and less phytotoxicity was observed with posttransplant applications as compared with pretransplant applications (J. P. Gilreath, unpub lished data). Occasional reports of injury were received by the manufacturer and it was felt that herbicide rate and high relative humidity combined with high air temperature at time of application might be responsible for the phytotoxicity (J. W. May, personal communication). Some support for this hypothesis has been generated by results Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. N-00067. The authors wish to thank Mr. David Schwartz of Plants Inc. of Sarasota for providing the plants used in this and related research. 336 obtained in preliminary research where posttransplant ap plication of cinmethylin was non-phytotoxic when applied under low relative humidity (<60%) in the spring, but was injurious when the same rate was applied at high relative humidity (90%) in the fall; however, temperature also was a variable with higher temperatures in the fall and lower temperatures in the spring (J. P. Gilreath, unpublished data). Therefore, a study was conducted in the spring of 1986 to determine if relative humidity at time of applica tion or cinmethylin rate affected response of bell pepper to posttransplant, foliar applications of cinmethylin. Materials and Methods Seven-weeks old 'Gator Belle' pepper plants were trans planted on 11 Mar. 1986 into 10 feet long, single row plots on sandy soil at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Bradenton, FL. Plots were located on 6 inch tall, 30 inch wide, raised beds covered with black polyethylene film mulch. Beds were spaced 4.5 feet apart and 8 plants were spaced 1 foot apart in the row in each plot. The EauGallie fine sand soil (pH 6.4, 0.8% organic matter) had been fumigated with 350 lb./acre of a mixture of 67% methyl bromide and 33% chloropicrin 3 weeks earlier. Fer tilization consisted of 250, 218, and 288 lb. of N, P, and K/acre, respectively. Water was supplied by seepage irriga tion. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 blocks each containing 14 plots. Polyethylene mulch was left on the beds so that only foliage was con tacted by cinmethylin, thus eliminating any effect due to soil uptake. Treatments were posttransplant, foliar applications of 0.0, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0 Ib.a.i./acre of cin methylin under conditions of low and high relative humid ity. Cinmethylin was applied to the pepper foliage on 17 Mar. with a CO2 back pack sprayer equipped with a single nozzle boom and calibrated to deliver 25 gal/acre. Low re lative humidity (60% and decreasing rapidly to 35%) appli cations were made at 10 AM with an air temperature of 72F and high relative humidity treatments were applied at 7 PM when the humidity was 80% and increased to 95% in about 2 hours and the air temperature was 70F. Thus, temperature was not a factor in this experiment, only rate and relative humidity. No dew was present on the foliage at the time of either application. Pepper plant vigor and phytotoxicity were evaluated 2, 4, and 6 weeks after appli cation. Vigor was evaluated using a pretransformed 0 to 10 rating scale where 0 indicates all the plants were dead and 10 represents no injury (4). Phytotoxicity was evaluated using a pretransformed 0 to 10 rating scale where 0 indicates no phytotoxicity was observed and 10 represents complete death of plant tissue (4). Pepper fruit were harvested 4 times from 12 May to 5 June and graded as marketable and cull. Yields were totaled for the season and are expressed as number of 25 lb. cartons/acre for marketable and cull fruit and for both categories totaled. All data were subjected to analysis of variance. Vigor rat ings for cinmethylin rates 2 weeks after applicastion were compared with the untreated by Dunnett's test (1). Ratings Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 102: 1989. and 1.5 lb.a.i./acre (Table 3). This difference in phytoxicity at the lower and higher rates of cinmethylin may have been due to some initial translocation of herbicide at the lower rates (0.5 to 1.0 lb.a.i./acre) and little to no transloca tion at the higher rates (2.0 and 4.0 lb.a.i./acre as greater contact injury with the higher rates might have limited movement by rapidly damaging tissue. Leaves contacted with low rates had some marginal necrosis, whereas foliage treated with the higher rates tended to have more damage along the veins and other areas where spray deposits tend to collect. While the pattern with low rates was not concen trated, higher rates produced more spotting of the foliage. Neither relative humidity nor cinmethylin rate had a significant effect on yield of marketable or cull peppers (Table 4). In summary, results indicate relative humidity can have an effect on the phytotoxic response of pepper to cin methylin, but the effect of cinmethylin rate is greater. Lit tle damage occurred with the suggested use rate range of 0.75 to 1.0 lba.i/acre for fine sandy, low organic matter soils. Although some phytotoxicity and vigor loss was ob served, the effect was not lasting and thus had no effect on pepper yield. Additionally, these results indicate tem perature at cinmethylin application may be more impor tant than relative humidity. Considering the limited number of effective herbicides available for use on pepper and that in Florida most applications would be in row mid dles, it appears that cinmethylin might be useful in pepper


Optimal motion planning is an essential task within the field of control theory. Therein, the key task is to synthesize optimal system trajectories that pass through cluttered environments while respecting given homotopy class constraints, which is critical in many topology-restricted applications such as search and rescue. In this letter, we introduce a novel optimal motion planning technique with 2-dimensional homotopy class constraints for general dynamical systems. We first initialize an optimal system trajectory regardless of obstacles and homotopy class constraints, and design an auxiliary obstacle trajectory for each obstacle such that the system trajectory belongs to the desired homotopy class regarding these auxiliary obstacle trajectories. During the procedure of deforming the auxiliary obstacle trajectory to the original counterparts, we propose a homotopy method based on nonlinear programming (NLP) such that the synthesized optimal system trajectories fulfill the aforementioned homotopy class constraints. The proposed method is validated with numerical results on two classic nonlinear systems with planar static and moving obstacles.


REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUMS. SUBTITLE: LARGE AIRLINES ARE PUSHING HARD FOR THE RVSM DEADLINE, BUT FEW CORPORATE OPERATORS ARE LIKELY TO BE READY.


This article provides a summary of a prominent study in obstetrics. What are the risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with trial of labor after cesarean delivery? With this question, the article presents the basics of the study, including funding, location, patient population, study design, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. It then briefly reviews other relevant studies in the field and information and the main recommendations of the most recent practice bulletin provided by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and concludes with a relevant clinical scenario.


This study is devoted to evaluate the effectiveness of the process design drafts in case they are facilitated and operated on the shop floor. In order to select an appropriate process design draft among many alternatives, so far, economic models were mostly used to assess them. However, by improving computer softwares, a simulation method become an alternative way to evaluate the drafts. The research team was given the project which was to assess the five process drafts were designed for facilitating a woodenware factory. And the team used the computer simulation method to accomplish the project First, the given process design drafts were modelled by Simul8, a simulation tool specialized the process design; The models were run and the results were collected. According to the simulation results, the important figures related to production output and production lead times, were produced and they were very useful to decide the best draft among the alternatives. Furthermore, using simulation method was helpful to improve the design itself at the point of checking line balancing.


I will give an introductory talk on my recent results about $p$-adic differential equations on Berkovich curves, most of them in collaboration with J. Poineau. This includes the continuity of the radii of convergence of the equation, the finiteness of their controlling graphs, the global decomposition by the radii, a bound on the size of the controlling graph, and finally the finite dimensionality of their de Rham cohomology groups, together with some local and global index theorems relating the de Rham index to the behavior of the radii of the curve. If time permits I will say a word about some recent applications to the Riemann-Hurwitz formula.


The hetero-epitaxial growth of the n-type semiconducting oxides β-Ga2O3, In2O3, and SnO2 on c- and r-plane sapphire was performed by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The growth-rate and desorbing flux from the substrate were measured in-situ under various oxygen to metal ratios by laser reflectometry and quadrupole mass spectrometry, respectively. These measurements clarified the role of volatile sub-oxide formation (Ga2O, In2O, and SnO) during growth, the sub-oxide stoichiometry, and the efficiency of oxide formation for the three oxides. As a result, the formation of the sub-oxides decreased the growth-rate under metal-rich growth conditions and resulted in etching of the oxide film by supplying only metal flux. The flux ratio for the exclusive formation of the sub-oxide (e.g., the p-type semiconductor SnO) was determined, and the efficiency of oxide formation was found to be the highest for SnO2, somewhat lower for In2O3, and the lowest for Ga2O3. Our findings can be generalized to further oxide...


--The mean lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) and mean lethal time (LT50 and LT90) of Eucalyptus deglupta leaf crude extract was evaluated on late third instar laboratoryreared and field-collected larvae of Aedes sp. LC50 and LC90 of aqueous and methanolic extracts showed significant differences at 0.05 level having values of 285.73 ppm to 623.90 ppm and 764.73 to 1398.37 ppm, respectively. LT50 and LT90 were 389.54 to 314.72 hours for the 40000 ppm extract concentration. Mean mortality percentage in both bioassays revealed its dose-response relationships having a 100% mortality rate on highest extract concentration. Pronounced larvicidal effect and longer efficacy stability were recorded in methanolic extract showing the presence of secondary metabolites such as saponins, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, quinones, anthocyanidin, polyphenols and flavonoids. Flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids are noted for their mosquito larvicidal properties. Likewise, irregular and abnormal movements were eminent after posttreatments in both bioassays. At higher concentration, the larvae showed restless movement for some time then settled at the bottom of the cup and died slowly before the transition into pupal stage. This study suggests the biocidal potential of E. deglupta extract against the larvae of Aedes sp. Keywords—instar, larvicidal, mean lethal concentration, mean lethal time


There is also an undeniably 'glass half empty glass half full' aspect to this work. The war criminals admitted to Canada, Margolian pointedly notes, accounted for approximately 1 percent of refugees from Europe between 1946 and 1951, while at the same time 15,000 were rejected because of concerns about their war records. Through this illustration, however, the author touches on the main flaw in his argument, one that, to his credit, he at least partially acknowledges. If Canadian authorities were so determined and ultimately successful at preventing the entrance of war criminals, how did some slip through? Margolian offers credible explanations for most, but they still do not account for the admittance of individuals like former ss officer Helmut Raucha and Radislav Grujicic, a Nazi collaborator involved in atrocities in Yugoslavia during the war. In their cases, the author admits, there appears to have been complicity on the part of the Canadian state to allow these men in, or at least to permit them to live undetected for decades even as their former countries sought their extradition. They apparently entered via 'ratlines,' a special network set up by Allied intelligence agencies as part of the Cold War atmosphere that descended in the immediate postwar era. Margolian freely admits that the extent of this method of entrance cannot be ascertained because relevant records remain restricted to researchers. This significant caveat prevents Unauthorized Entry, although undeniably groundbreaking, from representing the final word on the topic, despite its proclamations to the contrary. Until relevant archival material in Canada, the United States, and, especially, the United Kingdom is opened to independent researchers, the complete answer, or at least a greater share of it, to how war criminals came to reside and remain in Canada will linger out of reach. STEVE HEWITI Purdue University


To develop a locally tested and optimised Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) scale‐up model to achieve high population‐based effective coverage of KMC in Oromia region.


This paper takes the function signal generating device function as the design object,using the EDA technology design method to input design each kind of waveform,to carry on design processing,the project verification and the component programming.In the VHDL language compilation according to the behavior description and the register transmission description.Several kinds of the waveform software design and the concrete logic element structure of the hardware mapping were realized.With the FPGA chip and design intelligence function signal,the experiment simultaneously completed the behavior simulation,the succession and function simulation.It also produced the sine waveform simulation map realized in the GW48-CK developmental experiment system.The experiment indicated that by using this method waveforms such as sawtooth,triangle wave,ladder wave,sine wave can be generated.The function of signal generator was realized,which shows the design is effective.The signal generator function design method can be extended to other electronic system designs.


The existence of polymorphs or chemical element allotropes is a fact of nature that remains surprising. On the one hand, it is unevenly distributed, with only some compounds or elements distinguished by a large number of polymorphs or allotropes. On the other hand, many crystal structure are predicted, which can exist in principle. We argue that this imbalance may derive form an imperfect knowledge of transformation mechanisms, which solely determine the formation of a certain product. Especially in a scenario of nucleation and growth, reasoning on the mechanical stability of the final product only may mislead the overall judgement on the accessibility of a particular compound. We illustrate mechanistic analysis of selected reconstructive phase transitions by state of the art accelerated molecular dynamics techniques. We emphasize the role of nucleation in phase selection, and stress the necessary inclusion of details on intermediate steps for a more capable crystal structure prediction activity.


Taking rural domestic wastewater in Southern China as the experimental object, the removal efficiency of CODcr, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in different stages of the biofilm reactor and aeration conditions was studied by using the experimental simulation method in the A/O process. The results showed that: First, this process is fast in biofilm culturing, but the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal efficiency is not high. Biofilm culturing starts 17d or so, the removal efficiency of CODcr can reach more than 80%. Second, after the normal operation process, the removal efficiency of CODcr and ammonia nitrogen was stable by this device, CODcr average removal rate was 80%, the average ammonia removal rate was 75%, this process has good anti shock loading capability, and the device good stability. Third, in the process of 6h and 2h interval aeration conditions, ammonia removal efficiency was higher and more stable, had been able to reach in the "Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard" level emission B standard for first class discharge standard, the removal efficiency of CODcr was better. Fourth, comprehensive energy consumption and removal efficiency, the best aeration conditions in this process was 6h aeration and 2h interval. Operating under such conditions, the minimum cost per ton of sewage treatment. New sewage process A/O biofilm reactor designed to deal with the rural domestic wastewater in Southern China, which is characterized by less land occupation, low energy consumption, high pollutant removal efficiency, nitrogen removal function very well, simple management, the effluent can meet the discharge standard. KeywordsA/O process; Domestic wastewater; CODcr, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen; Sediments; Removal effect


Written for trainers of all kinds dealing with older people, this handbook emphasizes the design of training programmes directed towards placing older people in the labour market. Various international sources have been tapped to provide information, strategies and techniques. The handbook is organized in logical steps and substeps, normally arranged as follows; discussing the issue, giving hints for trainers to take certain action, referring to existing models, and indicating the steps in the handbook which deal with supplementary issues.


Geological hazards in Nanning Kunming railway have many types more than 10,distribute in very long sections more than 600 km,and bring about huge harms.In construction of the railway,the expansive rock and swell laterite,soft soil and peat soil,landslide and debris flow,shattered fault zone,conceal Karst,gassy seam,high ground stress and high earthquake intensity along the railway were investigated,and the corresponding measures of engineering control had been drawn and implemented.Therefore,successful construction of Nanning Kunming railway was guaranteed and the railway had been opened to traffic.


OBJECTIVE: Depression and neurocognitive function (NCF), particularly executive functioning (EF), have been associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, the combined effect of depression and impaired EF has not been reported. METHODS: Patients with GBM (n = 102) completed neuropsychological assessment postoperatively (mean = 23.5 days post surgery) including the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) and the Trail Making Test Part B (TMTB). Median splits were used to determine cut-points indicating the presence of elevated depressive symptoms on the BDI-II (BDI-II > 8) and executive impairment on TMTB (demographically-adjusted z-score 50, neither KPS nor age modified the independent effect of BDI-II and TMTB on OS in cox regression models. CONCLUSION: The presence of depressive symptoms and impaired EF are independently associated with shorter survival in patients with GBM. This retrospective analysis was unable to determine if these factors were independent of tumor molecular markers. Routine neuropsychological assessment of mood and cognition can help refine prognosis and facilitate initiation of psychological and cognitive interventions, which are likely to improve patient quality of life and may extend survival time.


As well as providing an opportunity for children to express themselves creatively this activity is a great for nurturing and developing social skills.


An interface is disclosed for transmitting data packets between clients in an emulated local area network (ELAN). When the destination address of the packet is unknown, address resolution is requested. A content addressable memory is used to allocate a virtual channel over which the packet is broadcast to all clients. This channel is known as a broadcast unknown server (BUS) channel. The unknown address is written into the memory and the age field therein is used to indicate that address resolution has been requested.


Numerical simulations of the bubble-bursting phenomenon in two tandem bubbles at the free surface are conducted to explore the influence of a following bubble behind the bursting bubble on the jet ejection at fixed Bo=0.05 and Oh=0.022. The equivalent radius of the bursting bubble ( RB) is fixed and the configuration of two tandem bubbles is varied systematically by changing the equivalent radius of the following bubble ( RF) and the gap distance between the two bubbles ( L). An increase in the bubble-bubble interactive force (repulsive force) is observed with a decrease of L or an increase of RF. As the repulsive force increases, the velocity of the primary capillary wave (PCW) increases due to the reduced wavelength of the PCW, thus increasing the bursting jet velocity. However, when the repulsive force is sufficiently large, the curvature of the PCW near the bottom of the bursting bubble is reversed, causing a new secondary capillary wave to be generated. An increase in the secondary capillary wavelength with an increase in the force disturbs the self-similar behavior of the interface of the bursting bubble, resulting in a decrease of the bursting jet velocity. In order to scale the bursting jet velocity using RF and L in cases where PCWs are important to induce a bursting jet, a scaling law is formulated by defining the scaling variable φ in terms of RF and L. The proposed scaling law is found to be capable of providing accurate predictions of capillary numbers as a function of φ.


Objective: To examine the associations between organizational (bonding, bridging, and linking) social capital, employees' health, and employees' performance. Methods: Linear regression on cross-sectional data among 718 employees in two Dutch companies. Results: Organizational social capital was significantly associated with perceived health (&bgr; = 0.20; P < 0.001) and with emotional exhaustion (&bgr; = −0.34; P < 0.001). Both the health indicators, in turn, were associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and effective personal functioning in the presumed direction, that is, better health was associated with better functioning. Especially, bonding social capital was significantly associated with health (&bgr; = 0.14; P < 0.01) and with emotional exhaustion (&bgr; = −0.26; P < 0.001). Linking social capital was associated with emotional exhaustion as well (&bgr; = −0.09; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Organizational social capital was found to be a resource for employees' health, with meaningful business implications.


Microbial products, released into the bloodstreams of mammals including humans, cross the blood-brain barrier and influence neurodevelopment. They can either promote or alleviate neurological disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This editorial describes how our microbiota influence our feelings, attitudes and mental states with particular reference to ASD.


In recent years, 1D nanorods, nanocolumns, and nanowires have been synthesized, while their electrical and material properties have been studied. Among various semiconductor materials employed for nanostructures, gallium nitride (GaN) is one of the most popular choices for solid-state lighting. The sidewall areas of the nanorods that form LED arrays (see Figure 1) give them an increased effective surface. This leads to better external extraction efficiencies. The nanorods may also act as waveguides in which optical modes propagate vertically, which affects their radiation profiles. In addition, the light-emitting efficiency of GaN-based LEDs can be improved by decreasing their defect density. This can be achieved using nanorods with diameters of less than 100nm. There are two approaches to fabricating nanorod-based LED arrays. These include the bottom-up method of growing nanostructures directly on the samples and the alternative, topdown technique of growing planar epi-structures that are subsequently subject to an etching process. Fabrication of nanostructured devices using the latter approach presents several technical and economic challenges. The commercial viability of nanostructures depends on the ability to obtain an affordable nanopattern definition covering large chip sizes. In addition, the nanorod-sidewall damage needs to be repaired. Otherwise, this will lead to sidewall leakage currents and nonradiative recombination, which will seriously degrade device performance. Moreover, since each nanorod forms a vertically stacked p-i-n multilayer structure (see Figure 2)—where the intrinsic (i) part is usually composed of multiple quantum wells—a suitable planarization layer is required to prevent the p-type contact metal from shorting the underlying n-type semiconductor. Our group has developed techniques to address these issues. We established nanosphere lithography, a technique that Figure 1. Scanning-electron-microscopy image of the nanorod array.


Ring-opening polymerizations of trimethylene carbonate (TC) and 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) are initiated from hydroxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEG-based surfactants (Triton X-100 or Triton X-405) in the absence of any catalysts. The metal- and solvent-free polymerizations proceed under melt at 150 °C, affording Triton X-100-block-poly(TC) with Mn of 1400–5200 and Triton X-100-block-poly(DTC) with Mn of 1800–7100 in excellent yields. The molecular weights and the comonomer composition of the resulting copolymers are controlled by the feed ratios of the monomers to the initiators, confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The solubilities of the block copolymers composed of hydrophilic PEG segment and hydrophobic poly(TC) or poly(DTC) segment depend on both the compositions and the components. For example, Triton X-100-block-poly (TC) (TC/EG = 9.5/9.5) and Triton X-405-block-poly(TC) (TC/EG = 28/40, 46/40) milky suspend in water, while Triton X-405-block-poly(TC) (TC/EG = 9.7/40) dissolves in water. A dynamic light scattering study reveals that the particle distribution of a copolymer, Triton X-405-block-poly(TC) (TC/EG = 9.7/40) in water, has a monodisperse unimodal pattern ranging from 92 to 368 nm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1985–1996, 2006


This paper probes into the necessity of developing the community information service of university library,and lists up the forms of university library's developing the information service for community.


Modern manufacturing and process industry require new adaptive and flexible production system in order to cope with the production requirements of the 21st century. In particular, fast setup of production lines, improved product quality and production efficiency are seen as some of the benefits of adopting Industry 4.0 approaches. In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, there is a need to intelligently process the data collected by using IIoT system and provide results that can be used to act upon the equipment, industrial processes and end products. In this paper, the aim is to present a preliminary architecture which will be used to support the goals of H2020 EU project AI-PROFICIENT. The architecture is divided into multiple layers: system edge, cloud platform and human interaction which comprise functionalities related to data integration, processing and visualization.


Background: Students experience learning barriers during online learning methods. Online learning can also reduce children's learning motivation at school during the COVID-19 Pandemic Disaster. Cognitive impairment due to distance education can affect memory conditions and will also affect their future. The thinking process in elementary school students is very important in thinking, developing creativity in being creative. The aim in this activity of community service is to provide health education about brain gym to students. Methods: The devotee gave a brain gym video to the respondents and after one month an evaluation of learning motivation was carried out. Brain gym videos contain interactive brain gym procedures with short and clear explanations. Results: The results of community service were found that male service participants were 63.5%, while there were 36.5% female. The most participants were 11 years old by 23.1%. After being given a brain gym educational video, the most students had a fairly good cognitive learning as much as 51%, and those who had a good cognitive learning were 39,4%. The most participants were 11 years old by 23.1%. After being given a brain gym educational video, the most students had a fairly good learning motivation as much as 44.2%, and those who had a good learning motivation were 37.5%. Conclusion: Brain gym procedures can increase cognitive learning motivation and also improve students' cognitive abilities.


A twelve-year-old boy presents with right wrist pain after a fall onto outstretched hand (FOOSH). The injury was isolated to the right wrist, which was swollen, visibly deformed, but neurovascularly intact distally. Imaging revealed a distal radial and ulna fracture with dorsal displacement. Injuries after a FOOSH include physeal fractures, incomplete fractures, supracondylar fractures, and soft-tissue injuries. Open fractures and neurovascular compromise warrant emergent orthopedic consultation. Displaced fractures should be reduced in the ED and immobilized in a sugar tong splint. Local anesthetics and procedural sedation are important tools to relieve pain and improve patient cooperation. Due to the risks of sedation, physicians should have a systemic approach to evaluate the patient and prepare the monitoring and airway equipment. There are many different medications and routes available. It is important for the physician to be aware of the side effects and discuss this with the patient and parents.


The increasing application of pesticides for crop cultivation, intended to increase agricultural productivity, may pose potential human health impacts and may also lead to negative effects on soil and groundwater ecosystems. A first step in gaining knowledge on pesticide fate in the subsurface is characterizing water flow processes, where stable water isotopes (H/H, O/O) can be used as natural tracers in combination with modeling.


The use of Blockchain Technology in the Internet of Things will let applications in numerous domains such as Smart home, Industrial Automation, Transportation etc thrive by easily monitoring, tracking and securing data. IoT solutions using blockchain helps in transferring and verifying transactions in a secure manner. However, there are many blockchain platforms available that vary in many ways such as their purpose, ease of participation, governance etc. To determine which blockchain implementation should be leveraged for applying to IoTs, there exists a need for comparing different blockchain platforms. One important aspect we can consider for comparison is the energy consumption of blockchains and analyzing energy-performance trade-offs. Towards this goal, we profile the impact of workloads and further quantify the power consumed by different operations performed on the Ethereum platform and Hyperledger Fabric platform. In contrast to existing approaches that are focused on performance, we characterize performance and energy consumption for real workloads and analyze energy-performance trade-offs. The insights from the study can be used in developing secure protocols for IoTs using blockchains.


A study was conducted to evaluate whether preeclampsia in are associated with dietary factors and antioxidant intake (vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, and selenium) in pregnant women.in a case-control study, a group of 79 pregnant Jordanian women (36 preeclamptic women and 43 healthy pregnant women aged between 18-45 years with a gestational age ≥ 20th week of pregnancy) were recruited from obstetrics and gynecology clinics at Royal Medical Services, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan. Information concerning socio-demographics, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements, nutritional information, and dietary habits were collected using a structured interview. Three 24-hour dietary records were also collected. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and dietary intake was analyzed using ESHA software. Pre-pregnancy BMI, age, multiple pregnancies, energy intake, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and sodium were significantly different between preeclamptic women and healthy pregnant women. According to the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), strong association exists for the intake of fat (OR = 6.40, 95% CI: 1.85–22.17), and saturated fat (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.0–11.54). Inverse associations with preeclampsia was found for fruit intake (OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.47-0.55) and olive oil intake (OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.78).In this case-control study in Jordanian pregnant women, preeclampsia was associated with higher intakes of fat, saturated fat, and sodium and lower intakes of fruits, fiber, vitamin C, B-carotene and olive oil.


Summary

The breakdown of wheat straw in slurries of soil was studied under controlled physical conditions. In the absence of oxygen there was a reduction in the redox potential and pH of the slurries and there were concomitant increases in the concentrations in solution of total carbon compounds, acetic acid, iron and manganese. The temperature coefficients (Q10) for these reactions and processes were between 2.5 and 2.9 but they did not take place in the presence of oxygen nor when nitrate was added. When no straw was mixed with the soil, similar changes took place but were much less pronounced and no acetic acid was formed.


This paper reviews the research progresses of vertebrates, especially mammalian, of sex determination and sex determining gene, including the structure and transcription of SRY, as well as the mode of SRY action in sex determination and it's related gene family.


MacLispix, a public domain image processing system for the Macintosh*, has been applied to a variety of image processing problems, such as using Principal Component Analysis to explore correlated images. The tools provided by MacLispix are now available in Lispix, the updated version that runs on both the PC and the Macintosh. I will illustrate the utility of Lispix by way of an example 'data cube', a low voltage energy dispersive x-ray spectrum image provided by Ian Anderson. The 'cube'is 200x150 pixels, each pixel having a spectrum of 512 two-byte channels The spectra were smoothed and reduced by adding adjacent channels to reduce them to 256 channels each. Since Lispix is image oriented rather than spectrum oriented, the reduced cube is stored, and represented internally as 256 images (one image for each channel in the spectrum), rather than as 200x150 spectra (one spectrum for each pixel in the image).


Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), is a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) scheme used as a digital multi-carrier modulation method. Recently, some schemes have proposed to reduce the number of DFT blocks required. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for vast carriers with high peak rates. Ultra-wideband characteristics are well-suited to short-distance applications, such as PC peripherals. Adaptive resource allocation (RA) for the OFDM systems has been studied extensively for more than a decade. A survey can be found in and references therein. For the arising OFDM-based CR, a system, adaptive RA has also attracted much attention starting from the surfacing of the CR and with the references therein provides a comprehensive survey. For single SU case, RA in an OFDM-based CR system degenerates into power distribution. Due to low emission levels permitted by regulatory agencies, UWB systems tend to be shortrange indoor applications. We studied the energyefficient resource allocation in an OFDM-based CR network, which is an urgent task for green communication design.


A turbine nozzle (10) includes: an arcuate inner band (12) having opposed flowpath and back sides, and an aft flange (22) extending outward from the back side; an arcuate outer band (14) having opposed flowpath and back sides; an airfoil-shaped turbine vane (16) extending between the flowpath sides of the inner and outer bands, wherein the inner and outer bands and the vane (16) comprise a ceramic low-ductility material; and a metallic collar (34) surrounding the aft flange (22).


Research supports that 24-hour IOP control is critical to minimizing glaucoma progression. Practitioners are encouraged to review the choices for primary and adjunctive medical therapy based on the ability to control pressures during both the day and nocturnal periods.


Currently, the increasing processor performance and connectivity of low-end commodity PCs enables networked virtual reality applications, which have mainly been developed on high-performance graphics workstations or high-cost specific-purpose simulators, to be feasibly implemented on PC. However, because the performance of both 3D graphics processing and network communication environment for PCs are not at their full-fledge yet, there must be sincere trade-off between quality of simulation and speed of interaction. This paper presents three problems on the way of implementing networked virtual reality application on low-end systems: two problems related with 3D graphics processing and the other with network communication. Under the experiment of a cell-based maze environment simulation, it presents possible solutions to the problems and analyzes their effects on performance.


Mass is the fundamental parameter that governs the evolution of stars, brown dwarfs, and gas-giant planets. Thus, direct mass measurements are essential to test the evolutionary and atmospheric models that underpin studies of these objects. We present results from our program to test models using precise dynamical masses for visual binaries based on Keck laser guide star adaptive optics astrometric monitoring of a sample of over 30 ultracool (> M6) objects since 2005. In just the last 2 years, we have more than tripled the number of late-M, L, and T dwarf binaries with precise dynamical masses. For most field binaries, based on direct measurements of their luminosities and total masses, we find a "temperature problem" in that evolutionary model radii give effective temperatures that are inconsistent with those from model atmosphere fitting of observed spectra by 100-300 K. We also find a "luminosity problem" for the only binary with an independent age determination (from its solar-type primary via age-activity-rotation relations). Evolutionary models underpredict the luminosities of HD130948BC by a factor of ~2, implying that model-based substellar mass determinations (e.g., for directly imaged planets and cluster IMFs) may be systematically overestimating masses. Finally, we have employed the current sample of binary orbits to carry out a novel test of the earliest evolutionary stages, by using the distribution of orbital eccentricities to distinguish between competing models of brown dwarf formation.


SUMMARY In many batch sampling situations it is reasonable to assume that a correlation exists between the true mean qualities of successively produced batches. A model considered by Campling (1968) is here reanalyzed using the Bayesian linear model framework of Lindley & Smith (1972), and a wider class of serial sampling acceptance schemes derived and compared.


Background: The mechanics of the mitral valve leaflet as a nonlinear, inelastic and anisotropic soft tissue results from an integrated response of many mathematical/physical indexes' that illustrate the tissue. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to study and give an algorithm for the mechanisms of mitral valve of the heart based on mathematical techniques and Bernoulli's equation. Methods and Results: Utilizing mathematical techniques and Bernoulli's equation, we can make a geometrical modeling of the mitral valve leaflets and give available and valuable clinical benefit information of the Mitral valve behaviors for physician. Echocardiography was performed on healthy volunteers. Data evaluated included: velocity (radial, longitudinal, rotational and vector point), displacement (longitudinal and rotational), strain rate (longitudinal and circumferential) and strain (radial, longitudinal and circumferential) of all leaflet segments. Using these data, force vectors of myocardial samples and a new formula that was provided by Bernoulli equation, we were able to see what's happening around the mitral valve of heart. All data were estimated/run by MATLAB software.


The genus Anogra, as its relationships are at present understood, stands somewhat isolated in the family Onagraceae. Its closest affinities are doubtless with Hartmannit (2) and Ratimannita, but Anogra seems to have become separated from related genera so long ago that many profound changes have occurred during the intervening period, which changes have made it somewhat difficult to recognize other than superficial resemblances. Hartmannit and Raimannia in all likelihood originated in the high plateau region of central Mexico and thence at least one group of species in each genus spread northward. Later expanding into what is now southern California and thence as far north as Alberta, some species inevitably entered the arid regions of this stretch of territory. It is from such species that Anogra perhaps originated. Nearly all the species of Anogra are today restricted to desert or at least to very arid regions. It is well known that adaptation to a desert environment invariably requires structural modifications in plants, and Anogra is no exception to that principle. This fact is revealed primarily in a greatly decreased ability to produce viable seeds; in some cases no seeds at all are formed, the perennial plant reproducing itself by means of offshoots at the ends of subterranean stolons. One species that exhibits both phenomena clearly is Anogra pallida (Lindl.) Britton, which has a rather wide geographical range for a species of Anogra, this being from southern Arizona through California northwards to the eastern part of Washington and adjacent Idaho. MATERIAL


Analytical TEM observations of Itokawa grains reported to date show complex solar wind ion processing effects in the outer 30-100 nm of pyroxene and olivine grains. The effects include loss of long-range structural order, formation of isolated interval cavities or "bubbles", and other nanoscale compositional/microstructural variations. None of the effects so far described have, however, included complete ion-induced amorphization. To link the array of observed relationships to grain surface exposure times, we have adapted our previous numerical model for progressive solar ion processing effects in lunar regolith grains to the Itokawa samples. The model uses SRIM ion collision damage and implantation calculations within a framework of a constant-deposited-energy model for amorphization. Inputs include experimentally-measured amorphization fluences, a Pi steradian variable ion incidence geometry required for a rotating asteroid, and a numerical flux-versus-velocity solar wind spectrum.


J Forensic Sci & Criminal Inves 1(5): JFSCI.MS.ID.555573 (2017) 001 Abstract The violence encountered on the countryside in Turkey is different from its counterpart in metropolitan areas by nature and this is only expected. Matters of honor regarding chastity, dispute over land, personal conflict and enmity leading to a crime or fights among children drifting along adults or trouble befalling close kin or friends and quickly encompassing those feeling responsible for them are the most frequently encountered forms of infringing the penal law. Some cultural traits also pave the way to possible violence easily. Personal memories are made use of in the article.


Measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) have been analysed for BrC absorption using the Differential Optical Absorption (DOAS) method. By introducing a correction for a small angle dependency of the diffisor used for the direct sun measurements in the GOME instrument, the overall consistency of the BrO data set could be improved significantly. Evidence is found for large tropospheric contributions to the BrO columns measured by GOME, both from BrO in the polar boundary layer in spring and a global BrO background, probably located in the free troposphere and present throughout the year. The latter has been further investigated by comparing BrO and 0, columns above the remote Pacific, resulting in an estimate of 0.5 2ppt of uniformly mixed BrO in the troposphere, in agreement with previous studies.


The invention proposes a security arrangement for an electrical connector (10) for connecting an electrical memory card with contacts, the connector (10) having a bottom plate (16) horizontal insulating material carrying a series of blades contact (32a, 32b) of the pads on the card, the arrangement comprising a protection element (34) which carries at least one protection conductor circuit (C1) which surrounds at least partly the bottom plate (16) of the connector (10), characterized in that the lower plate (16) horizontal connector (10) carries at least one additional contact blade (68) having an upper connecting portion (70) with the protection circuit (C1) the protective element (34) and a lower connecting portion (72) with said at least one connecting track to the detection circuit.