Launch vehicles are used to transport satellite or space craft into space. To minimize the aero acoustic and aerodynamic loads, the nose cones are slanted to an angle on free side and straight on the interference side in advanced launch vehicles. Objective of this paper is to design and analyze nose cone region of a typical launch vehicle using integrally stiffened panel concept, made of aluminium alloy material. The first part of the present work is to make the optimum design of a slanted SNC structure and the second is to verify the detailed design through finite element method. Linear static stress analysis, buckling analysis and free vibration analysis of the finalized design is carried out using finite element analysis software NISA. Aerodynamic pressure distribution over the surface is generated using computational fluid dynamic analysis code PARAS 3D. Static, dynamic and buckling analysis results are presented here. Optimum design based on the integrally stiffened panel construction is compared with the design by combination of stiffened skin with bulkheads and isogrid type of construction. 0 on the free side and straight on the interference side are selected based on various studies. The change in pressure rise on core will be more for slanted nose cone. But the zone of influence is more in regular nose cones. Appreciable weight savings are possible through the integral section design which also develops high resistance to buckling loads. This method improved performance through smoother exterior surfaces by reduction in number of attachments and non- buckling characteristics of skin. Design of structural components has to meet specific requirements which influence the complexity of its structure and the materials used in its construction. Aluminium, blended with small quantities of other metals is used on most types of aircraft because it is lightweight and strong. AA2014 aluminium alloy is an aluminium-based alloy often used in the aerospace industry.(1) It is easily machined in certain tempers, and among the strongest available aluminium alloys, as well as having high hardness. II. Slanted Strapon Nose Cone Configuration The non-dimensional parameters of the SSNC selected for the present study is described here. The base diameter D is selected as reference dimension for this configuration. Aft End (AE) ring is a cylindrical structure with inclined top surface and tangential to the conical section. Nose cone is a truncated cone with non-parallel top and bottom surfaces also tangential to the nose cap and AE ring at all interfacing location. SSNC having an overall height of 1.68D and fore end of the cone is covered by a spherical cap of radius 0.23D. The AE ring has a height of 0.25D at straight side and 0.36D on the other side due to the slanted configuration as shown in Fig. 1(a).


The radical cation of semibullvalene has been investigated by ab-initio molecular orbital calculations; both a fully delocalized structure (3c, C 2υ symmetry) and a species with two non-interacting allyl moieties (3a, C s symmetry) were considered. At the HF/6-31G * level of theory both species are minima (all positive vibrational frequencies); the C s species lies 2.5 kcal mol -1 below the C 2υ species. Single point calculations at the MP2/6-31G * level of theory reverse the relative stability, placing the C 2υ species 14 kcal mol -1 below the C s species


F ew phenomena have arises so much attention of foreign professionals that the burn-out syndrome in nurses. Apart from general definition, the present article presents the data from literature, as weU as our own observations and findings, in thefirst place the problems ofnurses, the hardships and the emotional and physical strains they are exposed to. The result of aU this is a negative attitude towards oneself and the profession and lessens the ability to listen to other people' s problems.


Delay Tolerant Networks is an emerging research field.In this kind of networks,the connections between nodes are frequently interrupted,and it is difficult to predict them.At present,a common strategy is to use multiple-copy routing for message delivery.However,considering the characteristic that the majority of nodes' energy supplies are limited,a large number of additional copies transmission will make some nodes' energy consumption larger,making the nodes stop working faster,eventually leading to the rapid decline of the routing performances.With different energy supplies on each node in the networks,a hybrid spray and wait routing algorithm,which is ameliorated by the spray and wait routing algorithm,is put forward in this paper.The simulation indicates that this routing algorithm has better performances on the delivery probability and the average delay by increasing the cost of energy consumption differently at every node.


The boom in industrial and infrastructure construction in Saudi Arabia requires in-depth knowledge of the underground conditions to build a sustainable project. This paper gave a practical example of the challenges facing an existing facility built on a karstic limestone formation in 1970's. Multiple geophysical techniques such as Microgravity, Electrical Resistivity Imaging, Vertical Seismic Velocity Profiling, Cross Hole Seismic Tomography, Ground Penetration Radar, Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves, as well as boreholes and down-hole video imagery, were deployed through the journey of assessing the karst associated hazards of potential sinkholes or general subsidence. This paper described the karst processes, site geology, geophysical and geotechnical exploration program, and characterizes the subsurface karst conditions at the eastern province of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results and findings of preliminary, geotechnical and geophysical investigations have been utilized to identify the major factors influencing the karst formation. Analyses and integration of obtained results to estimate the type and magnitude of risk affected the major components of industrial facility at the project site using well-known statistical approach were presented in this paper. Consequently number of remedial measures implemented to combating the experienced and expected karst hazards at the studied industrial facility placed in karstified landform are given. A model for using integrated geophysical and geotechnical techniques to assess karst-related risks to a facility was further explored herein.


Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) remains one of the widespread and chronic sexually transmitted infections (STI) globally with highest disease burden in African females. A study to determine the humoral immune response to HSV-2 was carried out with a view to                                                                                "x- raying" the magnitude of the infection among females of reproductive age in Dutse. A total of 94 clients were recruited for the study and Samples were randomly collected after obtaining their consent. A structured questionnaire was administered to capture demographic information in addition to knowledge, attitude and practices of each respondent. Samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against HSV-2 using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were further subjected to Chi-square test using SPSS version 22.0 where p-values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Out of the 94 samples tested, 29 (30.9%) were positive for anti HSV-2 IgG with high Seroprevalence rates among all age groups. However, age group 15-19 recorded the highest Seroprevalence of 46.2%. Similarly, age groups 20-29, 30-39 and ≥ 40 recorded 28.8%, 26.3% and 33.3% respectively. Chi- square test showed that Seroprevalence of HSV-2 was not significantly associated with age, marital status or level of education. However, it was strongly associated with number of sexual partners (p= 0.048). Higher Seroprevalence was also recorded among women with no educational exposure than those with at least primary or higher level of education. However, Seroprevalence of infection was not statistically associated with level of education p= (0.059). Married women recorded a higher Seroprevalence than the singles. The findings of this research indicates a high Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex - 2 Virus among women of reproductive age which implies a public health problem to the populace of Dutse and Jigawa state at large making it necessary for the government and other stakeholders to properly curtail the situation through public enlightenment, and implementation of other health policies.


Language is primarily an oral and aural event. This is true of our quotidian experience, overwhelmingly true in history, and totally true for the illiterate majority today and in history. Only the literate fraction come into contact with language as a visual experience, and yet – or because of that – it has been the habit of literary criticism to persist in analytical metaphors that are visual rather than aural. We speak of 'point of view', or 'focalization', and of 'the gaze'. In the post-colonial context, we should be particularly attentive to the privilege of vision in our metaphors. Insofar as this article is preoccupied with the nature of 'overhearing' and its peculiar affinity to the act of poetry, it sets itself up in opposition to acts of 'overseeing' which determine the outcomes of others, and which participate in hierarchies of command and control over the labour and resources of others. 'Oversight' is colonial, its agents are overseers. By contrast, to overhear is receptive, active-passive, fugitive, potentially subversive. It is the kind of reading undertaken by those who do not have a voice in the parliament of power. This article takes the humdrum glory of the weather as its occasion, arbitrarily at first, but argues through representations of the human interest in this ubiquity that poetry represents a kind of 'underwriting', attuned to overhearing, and both refusing and resisting the errors of oversight in the project of overseeing that is, not least, the ambition of criticism, among other genres of writing.


Arsenic and antimony doped germanium were irradiated by Co 60 gamma rays at -72°C. Changes in the minority carrier lifetime were studied as a function of time and temperature for various periods after the irradiations. The formation of traps was observed in arsenic doped crystals after irradiation. The position of the trapping level was found to be 0.18 eV from the valence band. In antimony doped crystals, the formation of traps was detected only in a heavily doped sample. The trapping center was stable or rather increased in arsenic doped crystals on annealing at room temperature. A little reverse annealing was observed in the range of room temperature both in arsenic and antimony doped samples.


The application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology in the field of transportation infrastructure digitization is the current development trend. However, the practical implementation of BIM in transportation infrastructure faces challenges such as inconsistent data standards, low information transfer efficiency, and fragmented information across different life cycles. This paper summarizes the current status and hot spots of BIM data management research through an in-depth literature review, analyzes the problems and shortcomings of existing different forms of BIM data management technology, and a prospect for its future development was proposed in the discussion. The study shows that the file-based BIM data management solutions can hardly meet the BIM data access requests of today's transportation infrastructure conveniently, securely, and efficiently, and the management solutions based on a single type of database can hardly have good performance while compatible with BIM data of multiple structures due to the heterogeneity of data sources. Therefore, future BIM data management must be based on unified data standards (such as Industry Foundation Classes), combined with NewSql-related technologies to achieve high-performance and highly scalable BIM data management to share and exchange data more conveniently and efficiently.


An experimental prototype of electric motor on permanent (FeNdB) magnets with switchable magnetic flux with two sectioned stators and a rotor using SMC material based on encapsulated metal powders has been developed. The method of manufacture of magnetic cores by powder metallurgy method on the basis of magnetically soft encapsulated titanium dioxide composites has been developed, including computer modeling of magnetic cores components, creation of tooling for their manufacture by pressing and selection of technological modes of pressing. Press set for manufacturing stator components by pressing in the form of a mold was made of hardened 5XHB steel. With its use magnetic components for twostator combined electric motor are pressed. The main electromagnetic characteristics of the components were measured with an express magnetometer. Complex studies showed that the magnetic components have sufficient strength and the necessary electromagnetic characteristics to create a two-stator combined electric motor of this type. An experimental sample of electric motor with maximum power of 15 kW was created on the basis of manufactured magnetic components. Advantages of composite material over electrical steel and other soft magnetic alloys allow providing their wider application in electric machines in order to increase specific power at high speed of rotation with less losses.


Objective: This study aimed to measure the incidence rates and detect the pathological characteristics of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis using color Doppler ultrasound in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 96 T2DM patients without cerebral ischemia diagnosed in our hospital were selected and divided into the observation group (n = 47, receiving atorvastatin) and control group (n = 49, receiving placebo). Sound Doppler ultrasound and carotid ultrasound were performed to detect the pathological characteristics of intracranial atherosclerosis (stenosis analysis), extracranial atherosclerosis and carotid artery plagues followed by the analysis of influencing factors on T2DM patients. The blood lipid levels, vascular endothelial function, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and detection rates of carotid atherosclerotic plaque before and after treatment in the two groups were recorded. Results: The detection rates of isolated intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis were 8.34% and 35.41% respectively; the detection rates of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with extracranial atherosclerosis and combined intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis were 16.67% and 58.34% respectively; the incidence rates of cerebral artery stenosis were 17.0%, accounting for 58.5% of all arterial stenosis. The number of cases for extracranial atherosclerosis, stenosis, and plaque was 47 (48.95%). The leading causes of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis were shown to be diabetes and hypertension from logistic regression analysis; the sizes of carotid atherosclerotic plaques were reduced, the vascular endothelial function was significantly improved, TC and LDL-C levels were significantly decreased, and HDL-C levels were significantly increased after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: All T2DM patients diagnosed with out cerebral ischemia after hospitalization were shown to have carotid artery atherosclerosis, and the main risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis was the combination of hypertension and diabetes. Treatment with atorvastatin can improve vascular endothelial function and delay the progression of atherosclerosis in patients.


ABSTRACT Integrating spatially explicit biogeophysical and remotely sensed data into regression-tree models enables the spatial extrapolation of training data over large geographic spaces, allowing a better understanding of broad-scale ecosystem processes. The current study presents annual gross primary production (GPP) and annual ecosystem respiration (RE) for 2000–2013 in several short-statured vegetation types using carbon flux data from towers that are located strategically across the conterminous United States (CONUS). We calculate carbon fluxes (annual net ecosystem production [NEP]) for each year in our study period, which includes 2012 when drought and higher-than-normal temperatures influence vegetation productivity in large parts of the study area. We present and analyse carbon flux dynamics in the CONUS to better understand how drought affects GPP, RE, and NEP. Model accuracy metrics show strong correlation coefficients (r) (r ≥ 94%) between training and estimated data for both GPP and RE. Overall, average annual GPP, RE, and NEP are relatively constant throughout the study period except during 2012 when almost 60% less carbon is sequestered than normal. These results allow us to conclude that this modelling method effectively estimates carbon dynamics through time and allows the exploration of impacts of meteorological anomalies and vegetation types on carbon dynamics.


Objective To investigate whether human placental decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDB-MSCs) by tail vein infusion can inhibit the loss of dopaminergic neuron in rat models of Parkinson's disease (PD) via an anti-inflammatory mechanism.Methods The hPDB-MSCs were cultured in vitro; PD rat models were established by intracranial injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA),and then,they were divided into vehicle group and transplantation group; hPDB-MSCs were infused into the rats of transplantation group by tail vein.Behavior changes of each group were evaluated by apomorphine (APO)-induced rotational test.Substantia nigra (SN) of the injured side in each group 3 days and 1,2 and 4 weeks after transplantation were stained with immunohistochemistry to observe the expression changes of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and ionized calcium bindingadaptor molecule-1 (Ibal).The expressions of human interleukin-10 (hIL-10),human transforming growth factor-β (hTGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the substantia nigra (SN) of the injured side in each group 3 days and 1,2 and 4 weeks after transplantation were detected by real time PCR.Results The number of mean APO-induced rotational circle in the transplantation group at 1,2 and 4 weeks after transplantation was significantly smaller than that in the vehicle group (P<0.05).Significant increase of TH-positive cells in the lesioned side of SN 4 weeks after transplantation was noted as compared with that of SN 3 day after transplantation in the transplantation group (P<0.05);significant increase of TH-positive cells in the lesioned side of SN was also noted between the two groups 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation (P<0.05); the number of actived microglias in the lesioned side of SN decreased in the transplanted group 4 weeks after transplantation.The mRNA expression levels ofhlL-10 and hTGF-β in the transplantation group 1 and 2 weeks after the transplantation were significantly higher than those in the vehicle group,while the mRNA expression level of TNF-α was lower than that in vehicle group.Conclusion The hPDB-MSCs by tail vein infusion can inhibit the loss ofdopaminergic neuron via an anti-inflammatory mechanism to improve the symptoms of the PD rats.

Key words:
Mesenchymal stem cell; Decidua basalis; Anti-inflammatory; Neuroprotection; Parkinson's disease


Progressive collapse is the term used to describe the phenomena where localised damage to a key structural element causes the entire or a portion of the structural element to fail. The progressive collapse potential of steel dual systems with buckling restrained bracing was assessed and compared in the current study with that of the more traditional intermediate moment resisting frames. Utilising the alternate path approach, the study was carried out 5- in storey frames. The crucial columns and nearby braces, if existent, were instantaneously removed following GSA rules, and the structure's capacity to properly absorb member loss was examined. ETABS software was used to model, analyze and perform non-linear dynamic analysis using El Centro data on the structures. The results showed that the dual systems showed better progressive collapse capacity when compared to the intermediate moment resisting frames.


: Golden fibre 'Jute' has a golden history. It once flourished the name of 'Bengal' globally by virtue of self-excellence and successively became an integral part of Bengali culture. The main objective of this paper is to show the problems and prospects of jute industries in Bangladesh. The study has conducted in the Khulna division and selected state-owed jute industries. Total five state-owed jute industries have been selected randomly. Since state-owed jute industries are facing many problems in operating their business, so this sector has been selected for analysis. Both primary and secondary data have been used to focus the problems and prospects. This paper has also tried to show the other aspect of jute industries in Bangladesh. Finally, some recommendations have been made for the improvement of the performance of the jute industries in Bangladesh.


The effect of anti‐lymphocyte antibodies of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the immune regulation of autoantibody production was studied. The present study demonstrated that there were native DNA (nDNA)‐sensitized T lymphocytes even in inactive SLE and no or few nDNA‐sensitized T lymphocytes in normal individuals, and that in the inactive stages of SLE suppressor T lymphocytes might inhibit the activation of nDNA‐sensitized T lymphocytes eliciting the production of anti‐DNA antibodies by B lymphocytes. In the active stage of SLE, the anti‐lymphocyte antibodies could eliminate the suppressor function of T lymphocytes or a subset of cells capable of either regulating their appearance or differentiating into them, which inhibited such responses. The different suppression of DNA and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA)‐stimulated blastogenic response is further discussed.


Abstract The use of atrane complexes as hydrolytic precursors enables the homogeneous incorporation of manganese (25 ≤ Si/Mn ≤ 48) throughout the porous walls of the nanoparticles of a surfactant-templated bimodal mesoporous silica (UVM-7). The subsequent leaching of the manganese nanodomains allows adding controlled microporosity to the host silica framework. The resulting final silica material presents three pore systems structured at different length scales: interparticle textural-type macroporosity (ca. 43.2 nm), ordered intraparticle mesoporosity (ca. 2.63 nm; after template removal), and well-dispersed microporosity (< 2 nm; as consequence of the lixiviation of the Mn-rich domains). The good dispersion of the guest element (Mn) in the silica intermediate provided by the atrane route is responsible for the disordered but regular microporosity achieved.


The traditional mechanical product design and manufacturing process is based on the actual prototype from the design verification process,which needs a long design cycle,high cost and with difficulties to improve the quality.In order to overcome this difficulty,UG software for planetary gear drive system to build three-dimensional solid parametric modeling is applied.MSC.ADAMS simulation analysis software for planetary gear drive system is applied to simulate and perform kinematic analysis.With a virtual prototype instead of the actual prototype for the design verification,the design quality and efficiency is improved.


Royal houses in the Middle Ages Yorkists, Burgundy and magnificence Henry VII Henry VIII purpose and function in the early Tudor royal house style and form in the early Tudor royal house the outward rooms the inward rooms feeding the court - early Tudor royal kitchens hygiene and sanitation in the early Tudor royal house sport and recreation in the early Tudor royal house chapels and closets - the religious life of the court the early Tudor royal interior early Tudor royal domestic architecture.


We study the finite temperature behavior of the CPT-even pure-photon sector of the Standard Model Extension, which is defined by the standard Maxwell Lagrangian plus the term $(k_F)_{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}F^{\mu\nu}F^{\alpha\beta}$. The Hamiltonian analysis is performed, from which the degrees of freedom and constraints of the theory are derived. We have explicitly calculated the partition function for an arbitrary configuration of the $(k_F)_{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}$ coefficients, to second order, and we have used it to obtain the thermodynamic properties of the modified photon sector. We find the correction to the frequency dependence in Planck's radiation law, and we identify that the total energy density is adjusted, relative to the standard scenario, by a global proportionality constant containing the Lorentz-violating contributions. Nevertheless, the equation of state is not affected by these modifications.


Abstract : Radar Cross Section imaging of a non-wide sense stationary signal poses significant problems in identifying scattering centers in the post processed radar-generated image. A non-wide sense stationary RCS is typically encountered when moving parts on the target impress a phase shift into the backscatter signal that is uncorrelated to the previous return pulse. When the Fourier transform of the phase shifted complex signal is taken, range and cross range information on scattering centers are misplaced. Time Frequency Representations must be used to help locate these scattering centers so they can be properly treated to reduce the target's RCS and increase its survivability. This thesis analyzes and compares various TFRs on non-wide sense stationary signals in hope of providing test centers with better methods for locating scattering centers under time variant conditions.


Numerical study of the influence of dynamic effect in progressive collapse on ultimate bearing capacity due to incipient local failure was carried out.Taking planar truss-beam structural system with low redundancy as the object of study and deformation as failure criteria,the influence of dynamic effect during progressive collapse was analyzed by using EXPLICIT and IMPLICIT integration program of FEM software ABAQUS respectively.The results show that when the middle vertical bar is regarded as incipient local failure position and the slenderness ratio of upper and low chords varies from 40 to 150,the ultimate bearing capacity considering dynamic effect shall be reduced into 92%~80% in a noticeable level.The results show also the numerical program is an effective method for the future study of failure mechanism of progressive collapse.


In order to obtain a high survival rate of concentrated bacilli,we can expand cultivation and enrichment Lactobacillus plantarum selected from physalis tofu with the ability of high-yielding acid.The impact of concentrated bacteria survival rate: centrifugal temperature,speed,time and pH value,is discussed with orthogonal test method.Orthogonal experiment results showed that the highest survival rate up to 90% when the centrifugal temperature 5 ℃,speed 5000 r/min,time 15 min and the pH value of 6.Therefore,this condition can be used to enrichment Lactobacillus bacilli.


Large hyaraulic sliding mode trolley combined with bell and complex heading machine makes process compact,high mechanization degree,high quality concreting and safety,and can improve work efficiency and ecomomic benefit,which has achieved good result in rapid construction.This process design has effectively solved the problem of rapid construction in inclisned shaft with large inclination section and big inclinecd angle,and is the first used in domestic.


This study aims to determine the Leadership of the Village Head in the Implementation of Duties and Functions of the Ulobua Village Apparatus. This research consists of three focuses, namely managerial ability, effective communication and leadership assertiveness. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the leadership of the village head in the implementation of the duties and functions of the Ulobua Village Apparatus was not optimal. This can be seen from the managerial ability of the Ulobua Village Head who has not been able to direct and mobilize village officials to work based on the main tasks and functions, the ability to communicate effectively which is still lacking by using a one-way communication pattern, and the firmness of the leadership in this case the Ulobua Village Head who is still less and each is easily influenced by outside parties.


The U.S. Department of Energy funded the M.I.T. Earth Resources Laboratory to investigate electroseismic phenomena. Because electroseismic phenomena in fluid-saturated porous media provide geophysicists with a unique opportunity to detect a seismic-wave-generated flow of pore fluid with respect to the porous matrix. The term {open_quotes}electroseismic{close_quotes} describes phenomena in which a seismic wave induces an electrical field or causes radiation of an electromagnetic wave. Electroseismic phenomena take place in fluid-saturated porous rocks, because the pore fluid carries an excess electrical charge. When the charged pore fluid is forced to flow through the rock by pressure gradients within a seismic wave, a streaming electrical current is generated. This electrical current results in charge separation, which induces an electrical field. Measuring this seismic-wave-induced electrical field allows detection of the fluid flow generated by the wave in the porous medium. In turn, detecting the fluid flow allows characterization of fluid transport properties of the medium. The major contribution of our research is in the following three areas: (1) Theory. Theoretical models of various electroseismic phenomena in fluid-saturated porous media were developed. Numerical algorithms were developed for modeling electroseismic measurements in surface (Paper 1 in this report) and VSP (Paper 2) geometries. A closed-form analytical expression was obtained for the logging geometry (Paper 8). The major result is the theoretical models` prediction that porosity, permeability, and fluid chemistry can be characterized using electroseismic measurements; (2) Laboratory Experiments. A number of laboratory experiments were performed in surface (Paper 4), VSP (Paper 4), and logging (Paper 5) geometries. In addition, conversion of electrical energy into seismic energy was investigated (Paper 6), and (3) Field Measurements.


By means of electron spin resonance, magnetization, and resistivity measurements, phase separation and a large low-field magnetoresistance (MR) accompanied by a first-order metamagnetic transition in the vicinity of Curie temperature (TC) were observed in polycrystalline La2/3Ca1/3MnO3, but were not observed in polycrystalline La2/3Sr1/3MnO3. It is obvious that the phase separation and large low-field MR near the TC are not universal features of the colossal MR materials. By combining the magnetic field dependence of magnetization and resistance, it was suggested that the first-order metamagnetic transition from the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state induced by a magnetic field should be responsible for the large low-field MR observed in polycrystalline La2/3Ca1/3MnO3. Undoubtedly, this observation is very important for exploring large low-field MR in high temperature, which is necessary for practical application of the colossal magnetoresistance effect.


Wireless communities may be an intriguing alternative to 3G networks for offering mobile Internet, but their success depends on their ability to reach a critical mass of active members. The main issue is to understand what motivates and hinders people to join and participate in these communities to design suitable incentives to attract people and promote an active and enduring participation. This paper studies the factors that influence participation in FON, the largest wireless community, based on a theoretical model based combining research on technology adoption, self determination theory and prosocial behavior. The model is then empirically tested employing a mixed methodology drawing on 30 interviews and a survey of 268 members. Two types of participations are found to be driven by different motivations: participation by sharing, mainly driven by idealistic motivation linked to community values and reciprocity, and social participation is driven by social and technical motives like interacting and learning with other community members. On the other hand, utilitarian motivations do not have a significant effect on participation, even though they are deemed important for attracting members.


Summary The toxic effects of 3 degradation products of tetracycline: 4-epitetracycline, anhydrotetracycline, and anhydro-4-epi-tetracycline were studied in rats and dogs. Anhydro-4-epi-tetracycline was the only degradation product which caused abnormal urinary findings similar to the Fanconi-type syndrome observed in man after ingestion of improperly stored tetracycline preparations. Severe, nephrotic changes were found in the kidneys of rats after very large oral doses (1000 mg/kg/day) and in dogs after intravenous doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively on successive days.


Abstract In this article the phenomenon of religious imagination is taken as a test case for discussing the relevance of cognitive science to philosophy of religion and theology. With Lakoff and Johnson's Philosophy in the Flesh, it is argued that all human cognitive faculties are both propelled and constrained by metaphors originating from the movements of self-aware bodies in space; accordingly, religious concepts and images are to be treated on par with all other concepts and images. Pascal Boyer's Religion Explained is then critically discussed. It is argued that Boyer's claim of having `explained' religious imagination as counterintuitive blendings of evolutionarily inherited templates is highly problematic. Evolutionary psychology has not yet given any evidence of an evolutionary hard-wiring of religious concepts, and Boyer's reference to the mind-set of hunterers and gatherers does not catch the complexity of later developments in religious thought. For all, the internal systematization of religious imageries, and the possibility of a religious self-criticism in terms of philosophy is not reflected in Boyer's theory. Religious imagination may indeed be natural; but its naturalness neither counts for nor against the truth-claims involved in religious images.


Aim: Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor. The present review aimed to identify the most commonly expressed signaling molecule in ameloblastoma detected using cDNA microarray. Materials and Methods: It is a systematic review. In this review, articles were searched using databases—PubMed and Google Scholar and were also searched using Hand Search. All the studies which used cDNA microarray to detect the expression of signaling molecules were included. All the variants of ameloblastoma were included for the review. A total of 22 ameloblastoma cases were included in this systematic review. Out of three studies, 67% of the cases demonstrated upregulation of smoothened (SMO) and sonic hedgehog (SHH). Results: Out of three studies, 33% of the cases showed upregulation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), fos proto-oncogene (FOS), Wnt family member 10a (Wnt10a), and patched and down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). Of the 67% of the studies which described SMO and SHH, significant expression of SMO (73 times fold change) was noted. SHH expression was noted to have 0.88 times fold change. Of the 33% of the studies included, the highest average fold change was noted to be associated with FOS (14-fold change time) followed by Wnt10a (5.1-fold change times) and TLR2 (3.29-fold change times). However, downregulation of IGF2 by 0.09-fold change times was observed in 33% of the studies. Conclusion: The SMO gene from the SHH pathway was the highest expressed signaling molecule in ameloblastoma.


Solvent cast films combining natural and synthetic polymers for maximum healing effects for wound healing have been prepared. Streptomycin (anti-microbial) was combined with
diclofenac (anti-inflammatory) was used for synergistic effect. Films of polyox® WSR301 (POL) and carrageenan (CAR) in different ratios and plasticised with glycerol were prepared by solvent casting. The films were physically characterised by swelling and hydration capacity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), texture analysis for mechanical properties and in vitro mucoadhesive properties. In vitro antibacterial studies using disk diffusion test and drug release profiles with Franz diffusion cell were conducted. SEM studies of unplasticized blank films showed presence of spherulitic crystals of POL with homogeneous interpenetrating polymer network. Both blank (BLK) and drug loaded (DL) films showed homogeneous morphology. DSC results of pure streptomycin and diclofenac showed a melt peak at 146.77°C and 293.96°C respectively, however this peak was absent in DL films indicating molecular dispersion of the drug. Films containing 25% w/w glycerol exhibited significantly (n=3, P<0.001) high work of adhesion, stickiness and cohesiveness and high hydration and swelling index corresponding to unplasticized films. BLK films containing glycerol showed higher tensile strength (TS) (1.1-12.3 MPa) than DL films (0.7-9.5 MPa). Film plasticized with 25 % w/w glycerol (1.00 N/mm2 TS, 1031% elongation at break) revealed soft and tough formulation. Antibacterial studies showed that diclofenac and streptomycin significantly (n=3, P<0.01) increased zone of inhibition (ZOI) in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in contrast to their individual ZOIs. Unplasticized films showed significantly (n=2 P<0.0318) higher cumulative % drug release of streptomycin and diclofenac (60.07±1.56%, 63.39±1.92% respectively.) compared to plasticized films (52.11±1.34%, 55.26±2.25%) within 72 hrs. Films prepared from POL and CAR containing streptomycin and diclofenac, have potential to prevent and
treat wound infections and targets inflammatory phase of wound healing to relieve pain.


A certain conservation code, known as the English school of the conservation of ruins, has been arranged for a group of objects which survived only in the form of ruins. This type of work, conducted in accordance with the doctrine of the Charter of Venice, has been accepted in Poland and is universally applied in relation to ruins. For two hundred years, the castle in Janowiec existed as a ruin. During the first stage of conservation, carried out for over twenty years, the castle was protected in accordance with the principle of retaining permanent ruins. In altered political, social an economic conditions, the supervising group of conservators recognised that leaving Janowiec Castle in the form of a mere ruin is insufficient. Didactic, pragmatic, functional and financial reasons justified the acceptance of a plan for a partial reconstruction and rebuilding select parts of the castle. The rebuilt fragments will be adapted to various utilitarian functions.


Type of rice varieties is one of the important factors that affecting rice production. For countries, rice breeders of Indonesia can take advantage of specific environmental potential in determining the distribution policy of superior varieties. The purpose of this study was to observe the appearance of plant height and the number of tillers of four rice varieties in Ciganjeng Village, namely Mendawak, Inpari 34, Ciherang, and Bangir. The design used completely randomized block design and repeated three times. Observations were carried out eight times in the vegetative phase, started from 14 days to 63 days after planting. This research was participatory and involved farmers. Farmers roled as observers to measure and record observation. All data analyzed by ANOVA with tukey's HSD test as post hoc test. The results showed that both Inpari 34 and Bangir variety had the highest average plant height growth while Mendawak and Bangir has the highest average number of tillers.


2005 was a very good year for the shareholders of the companies in the Euro Stoxx 50. The shareholder value creation of these 50 companies was €292.9 billion. The companies that created more value for their shareholders were Total (€30 billion), Sanofi-Synthelabo (€23.2 billion) and Eni (€20.7 billion). The companies that destroyed more value were Telecoms: Deutsche Telekom (-€14.8 billion), France Telecom (-€11.8 billion) and Telecom Italia (-€7.1 billion). In 2005, the Euro Stoxx 50 was a bit more volatile than the S&P 500. Shareholder value creation in the three-year period 2003-2005 was €551 billion. The market value of the 50 companies included in the Euro Stoxx 50 was €2.1 trillion in 2005, although only €1.8 trillion were included in the index. SAP was the top shareholder value creator and Deutsche Telekom the top shareholder value destroyer during the eight-year period 1997-2005. A portfolio long in the companies that entered the index and short in the companies that abandoned the index had on average a 6.85% return in the 20 days prior to the index recomposition and a 0.97% return in the 20 days after the index recomposition.


Brief survey of experimental methods currently used for the study of blast wave phenomena with emphasis on high rate exothermic processes. The experimental techniques have used such devices as divergent test sections in shock or detonation tubes, employment of proper test gases, as in marginal detonations, and a variety of explosion systems from finite source explosion apparatus to devices where virtually point explosions are obtained by local breakdown initiated by means of focused laser irradiation. Other methods used are detonation tubes where pressure waves are generated by accelerating flames or by exothermic reactions developed behind reflected shocks, as well as a variety of converging shock and implosion vessels.


- This study was conducted to determine the objectivity, reliability and validity of the 90º push-ups test protocol among male and female students of Sports Science Program, Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching Sultan Idris University of Education. Samples (n = 300), consisted of males (n = 168) and females (n = 132) students were randomly selected for this study. Researchers tested the 90º push-ups on the sample twice in a single trial, test and re-test protocol in the bench press test. Pearson-Product Moment Correlation method's was used to determine the value of objectivity, reliability and validity testing. The findings showed that the 900 push-ups test protocol showed high consistency between the two testers with a value of r = .99. Likewise, The reliability value between test and re-test for the 90º push-ups test for the male (r=.93) and female (r=.93) students was also high. The results showed a correlation between 90º push-ups test and bench press test for boys was r = .64 and girls was r = .28. This finding indicates that the use of the 90º push-ups to test muscular strength and endurance in the upper body of males has a higher validity values than female students.


This article points out that the essential characteristic of post-modern literature is the subversion and deconstruction of traditional values as well as the deconstruction of the of an impulse for a universal truth in tradition. The deconstructing composition, its absurd consciousness and the labyrinth consciousness, and its employment of dramatic simulation techniques were all aimed at this subversion and deconstruction. Away from this starting point, there is no way of properly mastering modern literature.


UNLABELLED
The study objective was to evaluate cuff seal, tube tip position and incidence of postoperative sore throat in three different endotracheal tubes: the reusable Rüsch "red rubber" tube (low-volume, high-pressure cuff) and the disposable Rüsch "Super Safety Clear" and Mallinckrodt "lo-pro" tubes (both high-volume, low-pressure cuffs).

METHODS
In a prospective randomized trial, 150 consecutive patients scheduled for minor orthopaedic surgery under standardized general anaesthesia, including standardized cuff pressure control, were allocated to one of the three types of endotracheal tube. Leakage and intratracheal tube tip position were investigated by means of fiberoptic tracheoscopy via the endotracheal tube, preceded by pharyngeal instillation of indigocarmine. The semi-standardized interviews for the recording of postoperative sore throat were performed once a day under double-blind conditions from the day of operation to postoperative day 3. Statistical independence testing was based on the chi 2-test, significance was assumed at P < 0.05.

MAIN RESULTS
A past-cuff leakage of the pharyngeally instilled dye was found in three patients with "red rubber" tubes. In all of these cases the tracheal cross section deviated markedly from circular. The tips of the "Super Safety Clear" tubes tended to be better centred (P = 0.099). Bad tip position, however, had little influence on postoperative throat complaints (P = 0.394). The differences in incidence of postoperative throat complaints between the "red rubber" (48.9%), "Super Safety Clear" (35.6%) and "lo-pro" tubes (34.1%) did not reach the 5% level (P = 0.288). Such complaints, however, were significantly more frequent in females and in obese patients who exceeded their Broca weights by more than 25%. By contrast, postoperative throat complaints did not vary statistically significantly by age group, tracheal cross-sectional shape, use of atropine or duration of intubation.

CONCLUSION
Despite the economic (usable up to 100 times) and ecological (less PVC waste) advantages of the rubber tube, the disposable tubes with high-volume, low-pressure cuffs tended to be superior regarding cuff seal, tube tip position and incidence of postoperative throat complaints. Nevertheless, the continued use of "red rubber" type reusable tubes may be justified in cases where the tube has to stay in place for only a short time.


Television distribution by cable is rapidly coming of age as a widely accepted public service. Equipment is now becoming available which will do much to bring about necessary improvements in system performance, life, reliability, and operating costs. This paper analyzes the requirements for a fully satisfactory and reliable CATV system and sets forth objective technical specifications which should be met by the equipment manufacturer and the system operator. References for requirements based on subjective evaluation are given.


Comparison studies on static uptake of phosphorus utilizing phosphorus-hungered Microcystis aeruginosa and attached Pseudomonas sp. was carried out, and the affect of different temperature on the uptake rates was analyzed. Microcystis aeruginosa and attached Pseudomonas sp. had fast uptake capability of extracellular phosphorus which maximum rates of 1.11mg/(mg穐) and 4.79mg/(mg穐) respectively. The static uptake of phosphorus reached balance basically in 1h and their maximum phosphorus contents were 1.03% and 3.01% respectively, raising temperature was favorable to their uptake of extracellular phosphorus. At their competitive uptake of outside phosphorus, the uptake rate of Pseudomonas sp. and maximum phosphorus content in cell were higher markedly than those of Microcystis aeruginosa.


Many have elaborated on the potential of virtual reality (VR) in learning. This article attempts at organizing the literature in this issue in order to better identify indicators that can account for future valid trends, and seeks to bring to attention how authors who wrote about the future of VR in education confused futures' terms and produced excessive expectations about its applicability in learning. The majority of writers missed the difference between probable trends and possible trends as well as between wild and preferable scenarios. Therefore, the aim of this article is twofold: a. to clarify the difference between these future approaches; and b. to develop a valid forecast of a wild future for VR in education. It seems that VR could suggest a wild paradigm in learning. The wild turnabout identifies the potential of VR not as an accessory to learning but as an IQ and cognitive booster.


Automated refuse collection systems feature a number of benefits, such as overhead cost reductions, safety improvements, and reduced labor. Despite the initial and costly expense involved in acquiring an automated refuse truck, a city will see cost savings arising from fewer trucks in the fleet, a decrease in fuel consumption, longer routes, and increased efficiency. The Environmental Protection Agency has determined that there can be an increase of up to 300% in the number of households served per workers per hour with automated collection. These systems can lead to safety improvements such as a reduction in the number of accidents and injuries that would arise from manual collection where workers are posed with risks from lifting heavy loads and vehicle accidents. Despite their merits, automated collection systems, however, can have a downside in controlling costs and personnel issues, as drivers typically command higher wages and have more desirable work environments.


How do borders affect political legitimacy? Some 'globalist' views believe that borders are morally illegitimate. By contrast, 'political' views believe that state borders and political institutions create a morally significant distinction between fellow citizens and others. This chapter argues that shared political agency within self-governing states has moral value, such that ignoring it is an act of ethically unacceptable paternalism. An independent political community that meets basic tests of constitutional justice is a 'normative people' with its own moral standing, which creates moral duties of respect. States and their borders play a unique role for political legitimacy: they create stable relations of reciprocity and equal citizenship that can only exist within the framework of a political community organized under the rule of a lawful jurisdiction.


This article will analyse colonial discourses on sodomy, jealousy and violence connected with the penal settlement of the Andamans in late 19th and early 20th century. The narrative in these files elucidates the incoherent ways in which colonial officials of different ranks tried to rationalise the phenomenon of same-sex behaviour by employing (pseudo-)scientific theories of criminality, race and climatic determinism. Moreover, the analysis tries to shed light on the manifold failures of the colonial regime in South Asia. The paper aims at contributing to the history of sexuality in colonial contexts by highlighting the role of colonial spaces as laboratories for emerging 'European' sexual theories.


It is possible to prevent death and severe disability in boxers by enforcing certain medical standards and requirements. These include an adequate medical department, basic medical examination of boxers, adequate supervision and equipment at the ringside, periodic examination and retirement of boxers handicapped by previous injuries, semiannual physical examination of referees, and annual examination of judges. Boxers in New York state must be licensed on the basis of rigid annual examinations, and two physicians are required to be at the ringside for all bouts in that state. Systematic research into types and causes of injury, especially to the brain, the kidneys, and the skin, has led to substantial gains in safety. These gains are manifest not only in recent statistics for injuries and mortality but also in the liberalization of policies granted to boxers by insurance companies.


With special topology differing from nanotubes, carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) rolled up by a single graphene sheet show unique properties and have potential applications in hydrogen storage and energy storage. We studied various types of nanoscrolls by using first principle calculation. The minimum innermost radius of armchair-type nanoscrolls is achieved. The electronic structures of nanoscrolls are greatly related to chirality (n,m). Armchair nanoscrolls are metallic or semimeatllic depending on their sizes and those metallic ones have larger density of states at the Fermi level than metallic single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). Zigzag nanoscrolls are semiconductors with energy gaps much smaller than corresponding zigzag SWNTs; moreover, they get small gaps at (16,0) and (19,0), while zigzag SWNTs have small gaps at (3n,0).


The essence of the division of the arts and science is what educational value we should have, which kind of personnel we should cultivate and how to cultivate,which will be influenced by the curriculum,examination,college entrance examination,some profound educational problems and cultural tradition.All these elements contribute to the systematic,complicated features of the division of the arts and science and the battle between its necessity and possibility.It is helpful for the scientific decision,the students' healthy development and the deepening of quality-oriented education to make clear the origin,nature,necessity and possibility of the division of the arts and science.We should not rigidly terminate the division of the arts and science and should stick to the national condition,study the experiences from the foreign countries,deepen the research on theories,make experiments on some reform,better the inner and outside environment,promote the related reform and make implementation of the reform steadily.


With the growing prevalence of personalized content and an advertising based Internet economy, users are being increasingly tracked across website visits with the purpose of creating accurate interest and demographic profiles. These profiles are then used to serve targeted content and advertisements. Online data aggregrators are always developing new tracking mechanisms to obtain more fine-grained information and such aggressive tracking had led to numerous privacy concerns. To help protect user privacy, privacy champions keep building privacy preserving tools to thwart trackers. This arms race between tracking tools and privacy tools is exemplified by the steady stream of studies detecting new forms of tracking and proposing defenses [1]–[3].


In this review, the characters of children who are admi t ted to PICU wi th severe upper a i rway obstruction will be discussed further. Difficulties of in tubat ion, ind icat ions and compl icat ions o f t racheo tomy w i l l be d i scussed a f te rwards . Angioedema, bacterial tracheitis, acute epiglottitis and croup will be discussed with details separately. Laryngomalacia will also be discussed because it is one of the most common causes of stridor in infant. Patients with other anatomical abnormalities of the upper airway will not be discussed in this review, as most of them are under cared by the surgeons rather than paediatricians.


This paper is focused in the interest of modifying the information processes, associated to the treatment of the patients in order to solve the inadequacies of the incorrect procedures and the ways of management that interfered with a full service of attention to the patients. The management processes that are administered within the clinic are performed dynamically and interactively. The system is multiplatform, and its use is through a domain previously defined by authorized people, the security and privacy of the information is in charge of each member of the clinic that has a user and password to enter. The data records are composed in the following way: Doctor, patient, nurses, doctor's specializations, examination records, medications, patient history and schedules for patient review. This research paper specifies how to implement a mobile application that allows the management of the patient's medical records process at the Santa Cecilia clinic within the technology department. The survey was applied in order to determine if the implementation of the mobile application is feasible. The methodology used was Mobile-D because it conforms to the agile development project with its respective phases. As a result, it can be specified that the mobile application was favorable for a better process of information management within the clinic.


In the metallurgical industry, the measurement of impurities–contained coal gas , such as blast furnace gas , is quite common. The flow measurement of blast furnace gas is a more difficult task. As a result of the features of blast furnace gas , such as large diameter, low flow velocity, more dust, and easy being pluged up, the flow measurements with conventional devices have not ideal results . In this paper, using V-cone throttle gas device to measure the blast furnace gas is put forward, and the focuses are put on the measuring principle, the basic devices and the outstanding advantages of V cone flowmeter .The influences of chemical features of blast furnace gas on measuring accuracy is further analyzed too. The feasibility of this flowmeter used in the flow measurement of blast furnace gas is determined. The research show that this kind of flowmeter can play an important role in flow measurement of blast furnace gas .


Perspective on Current Results NSF funded a three year project (#9817743) from 1999 to 2003 (one year no cost extension) to develop a way, using remote sensing, to create an accurate sampling framework to study large urban centers in the developing world. The project used satellite imagery from the early 1980s through 1999 to create a classification system for urban habitation in six cities (Marrakech Morocco, Dakar Senegal, Bamako Mali, Niamey Niger, Dodoma Tanzania, and Gaborone Botswana). The use of multiple images makes it possible to create urban classes such as squatter settlement present in 1982, low income housing present in 1992 but not in 1982, or villas appearing after 1992. Multiple urban classes based on date of appearance and quality of housing plus the ability, using the latest image, to sample from all residential areas and to know how much housing fits into each class makes it possible to design a sampling framework to study an important number of urban issues. The original project was primarily a methodological project designed to see if using this technology we would indeed find strong correlations between quality and date of appearance of housing and a variety of socio-economic variables and environmental concerns. NSF also funded a project conference (#0138217) held in Dakar, Senegal (5-10 January 2002) to which project participants from Morocco, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Tanzania and Botswana contributed papers and powerpoint presentations. In addition a delegation of five senior government figures and university scholars from Mauritania attended and presented an exceedingly well researched powerpoint presentation on Nouakchott focusing on urban growth and environmental issues that was intended to highlight the value of implemting our methodology in Mauritania. Many representatives from various administrative levels (federal and municipal) in Dakar also attended and made presentations. A number of the papers have been published (Lesetedi 2003, Lupalo 2003, Mjahed and Christopherson 2003, Park and Baro 2003, Sardier 2003) but the majority of the power point presentations of GIS results have not yet been reworked into articles. The clear statistical evidence that the core project expectation of a tight relationship between habitation quality, location, and date of construction was not only reasonable but well supported are provided in Park and Baro (2003, this issue). This article asked first if the methodology was accurately picking out housing that had less in-class variation than between class variation (referring to the urban classes developed using satellite imagery). Then it asked if there was nevertheless value in selecting members of each class from a variety of neighborhoods and locales around the city. Using a Kruskal Wallis analysis we concluded that not only were variations in the housing variables (room size, construction material, provision of urban services, rent, number of rooms and other variables) consistently picked up by the classification system but additional variation could be captured within each class by selecting points based on location within the city fabric. Using a similar approach we also examined the degree to which the sampling framework captured homogeneity in a variety of socio-economic variables (income, expenses per capita, monthly expenses, number of persons in the household, ratio of producers to consumers, and others) within each class and across the city. In both the case of the socio-economic variables and the housing variables the probability of the null hypothesis (that the classification system does not effectively group households into homogenous units both in terms of habitation variables and socio-economic ones was extremely small (see Table 1). This paper thus provides the core analysis substantiating the value of the methodology but also supports a secondary component of the methodology which was to not rely entirely on the classification system but to combine it with location so that households in a single habitation class are drawn from the maximal spatial extent of that class in order to capture the full range of variability within the class (Marsh et al 2003, this issue). The small modules on a variety of topics included in the six city surveys were not intended to collect definitive data, in fact they were entirely designed to test the utility of the new methodology. The PI (Park) in conjunction with two graduate students (Mjahed and Cisneros) also created an agent based model (using the modeling software REPAST) to address a question of interest to researchers in Africa: why is there such enormous variation in household size in African cities. The starting premise of this model was that there may be several viable economic strategies within the urban space of African cities and these make it reasonable to have small, intermediate


The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to increase, with the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the most preferred vascular access for hemodialysis. Whether routine preoperative ultrasound mapping improves the outcome of AVF formation compared with clinical examination alone remains controversial. This retrospective study included patients undergoing AVF surgery with and without preoperative ultrasound at our center between September 2017 and August 2020. Outcome measures included AVF early and mid-term outcome. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of favorable AVF outcome. A total of 158 patients received an AVF during the study period. Both groups with (n = 79) and without (n = 79) ultrasound mapping were similar regarding baseline characteristics (age, sex, comorbidities). Patency rates were comparable between the 2 groups at 30 days, 3 months, and 6 months after AVF surgery, although there was a trend toward more favorable outcome for the mapping group ( P = .07). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that at the end of study, the ultrasound mapping group had a higher mid-term patency rate; however, the improvement was not significant ( P = .07). Cox regression analysis did not reveal age, gender, comorbidities, and ultrasound as predictors of AVF survival. Our study did not find a significant benefit from routine preoperative ultrasound mapping in creating AVFs for hemodialysis. Further well-designed and adequately powered trials are needed to demonstrate the beneficial role of routine preoperative ultrasound mapping for vascular access in CKD coupled with clinical evaluation in short- and long-term AVF outcome.


We present an upgrade of the OGLE Collection of RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic bulge and disk. The size of our sample has been doubled and reached 78 350 RR Lyr variables, of which 56 508 are fundamental-mode pulsators (RRab stars), 21 321 pulsate solely in the first-overtone (RRc stars), 458 are classical double-mode pulsators (RRd stars), and 63 are anomalous RRd variables (including five triple-mode pulsators). For all the newly identified RR Lyr stars, we publish time-series photometry obtained during the OGLE Galaxy Variability Survey.
We present the spatial distribution of RR Lyr stars on the sky, provide a list of globular clusters hosting RR Lyr variables, and discuss the Petersen diagram for multimode pulsators. We find new RRd stars belonging to a compact group in the Petersen diagram (with period ratios P_1O/P_F = 0.74 and fundamental-mode periods P_F = 0.44 d) and we show that their spatial distribution is roughly spherically symmetrical around the Milky Way center.


A web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. Web services have been widely employed for building service-oriented applications in both industry and academia in recent years. The number of publicly available Web services is steadily increasing on the Internet. However, this proliferation makes it hard for a user to select a proper Web service among a large amount of service candidates. An inappropriate service selection may cause many problems (e.g., ill-suited performance) to the resulting applications. This paper, propose a novel collaborative filtering-based Web service recommender system to help users select services with optimal Quality-of-Service (QoS) performance. Recommender system employs the location information and QoS values to cluster users and services, and makes personalized service recommendation for users based on the clustering results. Different from previous work, this approach employs the characteristic of QoS and achieves considerable improvement on the recommendation accuracy.


In this work, we have used fuzzy Adomian decomposition method to find the fuzzy semi analytical solution of the fuzzy autonomous differential equations with fuzzy initial conditions. This method allows for the solution of the fuzzy initial value problems to be calculated in the form of an infinite fuzzy series in which the fuzzy components can be easily calculated. The fuzzy series solutions that we have obtained are accurate solutions and very close to the fuzzy exact analytical solutions. Some numerical results have been given to illustrate the efficiency of the used  method.


The control system, in order to perform communication between the host computer and the field devices, uses a wireless mesh network. Host and field devices are routed through the wireless mesh network, using a wireless message containing the request and response, communicate with each other. Radio messages, the messages received out of the order, receiving apparatus identifies it possible to reject, including sequence information.


Cell migration plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. Although the majority of such events occur with cells moving as a group, called collective cell migration, the mechanism of collective cell migration has not been well understood. Since it is known that mechanical environment may affect cell behavior the aim of this study is to focus on the effect of substrate rigidity and anisotropy on cell migration behavior.


T p HE Meiji Restoration of 1868 separated two dramatically dissimilar epochs in Japanese history. Castles, samurai, a decentralized political system, and a policy of national isolation stood on one side of the event; heavy industry, citizen soldiers, a unitary regime headed by an authoritarian emperor, and an era of empire building stood on the other. Despite the clarity of the differences, however, historians do not find it easy to agree on why the Restoration worked out as it did or how one most intelligently thinks about the event. One interpretive problem is to explain how samurai whose conduct had been rooted in an ideal of feudal loyalty to their domanial lord could in brief compass evolve into nationalists whose conduct was rooted in a sense of patriotism.' On the face of it at least, feudal loyalty and nationalism appear to be generically dissimilar, one a characteristic of 'traditional' society, the other a characteristic of 'modern' society; the one a vertical, privatized, and particularistic I-thee relationship, the other a horizontal, public, and universalistic we-together relationship. If one views the feudal-nationalist relationship in terms of ethnicity, however, it permits one to see these motivational patterns in more comparable terms and thereby to put the Restoration in a new light.


Abstract: In the Italian Republic of the late 1940s, the corporatist experience was something of an antimodel. However, some political and legal currents in Italy reflected on the corporatist legacy and on the possibility to make it democratic. Certain Catholic exponents were especially sensitive to the new version of corporatism. Our analysis of the legacy of corporatist thinking in Catholic culture during the early Republican age will be fourfold: reflection on the Constituent Assembly as a potential development away from corporatism; analysis of the main social-economic documents of contemporary political Catholicism; the evolution of some leading Christian Democrats' theoretical ideas; the debate on "democratic corporatism" in Italian Catholic circles spanning the late 1940s and early 1950s.


[Configuration] A system for building a conversation group between a plurality of hearing aids used by different users (1,2,3,4,5), said system comprises a plurality of hearing aids adapted for wireless communication (1 , 2, 3, 4, 5), means for detecting hearing aids (1,2,3,4,5) available in a communication network, the hearing aid (1, 2, 3, 4 to enter the said conversation group, means for selecting the 5), and a configured shared wireless communication unit (10) so as to mutually communicate with the hearing aid (1, 2, 3, 4) participating in the conversation group.


Sixteen chiral copper(Ⅱ) complexes derived from(R)-(+)-or(S)-(-)-2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthyl(DABN) were synthsized.All the complexes were used as enentio selective catalysts in the asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions of 1,1-diphenylethylene, styrene and 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene.It was found that the more effective catalysts are related to complexes with ligands prepared from optically active DABN and salicylaldehyde or 2-hydoxy-1-naphthylaldehyde.


Researches on the USB equipment checking and communication based on Visual Basic under the Windows environment through analyzing the characteristics and internal construction of USB. With the Windows API function, the checking and communication of USB equipment is come into true based on the interface communication of Windows and driver of USB equipment.


CargilPs digital reconstruction of Qumran is a valuable tool for helping scholars and lay people visualize the appearance of the ancient settlement. However, it is important to bear in mind that this technology is a means to an end, not an end in itself. Technology does not provide answers to the current debates about Qumran because the digital reconstruction is generated from data entered into the system, and the data are a result of scholarly interpretation. In other words, the outcome is determined by the selection and composition of the dataset. Furthermore, because no final report on de Vaux's excavations has been published, the data are incomplete, and therefore many elements of the digital reconstruction must be considered


Abstract Sedimentary rocks and sediments, representing seven systems from Late Devonian to Pleistocene are found offshore from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. They reach a thickness of more than 12 km and overlie a metasedimentary and igneous basement complex from late Precambrian to Devonian in age. In the early Mesozoic, the portion of Pangaea occupied by the modern Atlantic continental margin of Canada was emergent and undergoing erosion in a hot and arid climate. During the Triassic, precursor stresses to continental breakup resulted in the development of linear troughs along the southeastern edge of the Appalachian Orogen which were initially filled with red continental elastics. Progressive subsidence permitted connection with the Tethys, resulting in evaporitic conditions which persisted into the Early Jurassic. In middle Early Jurassic a major transgression was initiated, which, by Late Jurassic time had spread the sea to within fifty miles of the south coasts of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and resulted in the deposition of thick sequences of clastics and carbonates. South of Nova Scotia, sea floor spreading began in the early Middle Jurassic initiating the development of the modern Atlantic Ocean Basin. This area was connected, via a narrow seaway across the northern Grand Banks, to a developing basin east of Newfoundland. In the Early Cretaceous, a second stage of plate decoupling occurred with the Iberian Peninsula moving away from the eastern Grand Banks. This resulted in uplift, mild deformation and some erosion of Jurassic strata across the Grand Banks, while Lower Cretaceous paralic sequences were deposited in the adjacent depositional areas. The Late Cretaceous was a time of regional transgression with resultant overlap of Jurassic sediments. Shallowing of the sea began in the Late Tertiary during which time a wedge of regressive clastic sediments was deposited. In latest Tertiary there was rapid progradation of clastic sequences across the shelf areas in response to eustatic lowering of sea level.


This paper presents an automatic method for detecting transition zones based on multiresolution spectral analysis (MRS). The MRS is calculated over several Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) of different length. It can provide a higher temporal accuracy in the upper spectral region and a better frequency resolution in the lower spectral range. We showcase the importance of this tool by attempting an automatic detection of zones of transition by calculating the Interquartile Range (IQR) of each frame of the MRS FFT. We applied our Visual Assistance of Speech Processing (VASP) System to a corpus. This corpus was in French pronounced by french speakers and has the format CiV CiV with Ci was a stop consonant [p t k] and V was a vowel [i e]. The results showed that the automatic detection of transition zones based on MRS provides better results compared to classical spectral analysis of the corpora used.


The purpose of this report was to research the differences in environmental impact and cost of building wind power turbines using cross-laminated timber (CLT) instead of steel which are commonly us ...


Two kinds of thermotropic wholly aromtic liquid crystalline copolycsters (BP-LCP, BPM-LCP) were blended with poly(butyl terephthalate) (PBT) and polycarbonate (PC) in different weight ratio. The behaviors of rheology and morphologycal structure of in-situ composites were investigated and the interohase relation. between reinforcing component and matrix was also discuss.


HEPATITIS D VIRUS (HDV), a recently discovered human hepatitis virus,I is a defective RNA virus that requires concurrent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication.2 Patients with concurrent HBV and HDV infections often have especially severe acute3 or chronic45 liver disease. Hepatitis D virus infection occurs worldwide, although it is rare in Asia. It spreads sporadically in the general population only in areas of high rates of carriage of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and, in areas of low HBsAg-carrier rates, infection develops only in persons at high risk for blood contact, such as drug addicts, homosexual men, and polytransfused hemophiliac persons.6 Currently available data suggest that hepatitis D, or delta, virus superinfection of HBsAg carriers leads to chronic delta hepatitis 60% to 80% of the time.78 Experimental HDV infection of chimpanzees2 and woodchucks9 with chronic hepadnavirus infection has shown that the appearance of delta antigen in serum or liver leads to biochemical and histologic findings of acute hepatitis and a decrease in serum markers of hepadnavirus replication. Among the animals studied, one chimpanzee HBV carrier had the disappearance of HBsAg, and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) developed during a nine-week follow-up period after acute delta infection.2 In this report, we describe a patient with chronic, persistent hepatitis B in whom icteric acute delta hepatitis developed and who subsequently had the clearance of all markers of active HBV replication. We were fortunate to have complete serologic documentation of this because he was participating in a randomized trial of adenosine arabinoside monophosphate (ara-AMP, Warner, Lambert Laboratories, Ann Arbor, Michigan) at Stanford (California) University Medical Center.


The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) has been known as a common product model that has interoperability between similar and dissimilar IT systems for the architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management (AEC/FM) industries covering all life cycle phases. Continuous efforts have been undertaken regarding the development of standardized specifications based on the IFC, a product model used in the AEC/FM industries. In accordance, the XM-4 project has been initiated by the Korea Chapter of the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) organizations to develop a two-dimensional (2D) extension model for IFC. The XM-4 project aims to add to the IFC2x platform the ability to exchange 2D computer-aided design data within representations of virtual building models, including annotations and styles mainly adapted from the ISO 10303. The focus of this research has been on developing a 2D extension model for the IFC as part of the IAI XM-4 project. This paper provides the scope and rationale of the model extension, major modeling concepts, defined high-level entities and row-level entities, and implementation issues to be considered.


This paper attempts to show, directly and by implication, that serious dust and fume nuisances are still problems which, in specific cases of steel-making and steel-melting, await a really satisfactory solution which is also an economic proposition. Particular attention is drawn to the increased nuisance caused by oxygen enrichment. In such cases it suggests that the basic design of the buildings is a stumbling-block not easily overcome. An original building lay-out is given. It illustrates how some firms have tackled the problems involved and suggests where there is scope for further investigation and research in furnace design and fume and dust analysis. By way of contrast it states that many small dust nuisances for which the cures are fairly well known are not dealt with efficiently. The broad scientific approach to this problem is outlined. Finally, it calls attention to the dispersion aspect of pollutants, which is becoming of increasing importance, and suggests that recent scientific investigations, carried out primarily for marine application, may be adaptable to land practice.


The study determines the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and organic fertilizer on sunflower growth (Helianthus annuus L.) in former iron ore mine in Lhoong, Aceh Besar. The Randomized block design is 2×3 factorial with 4 replications was used. The first factor: Without Mycorrhiza and Mixed Mycorrhiza. The second factors were Without Fertilizer, Manure, and Guano. The results showed that at α = 5% variation analysis, AMF had very significant effect on plant height in 10 d After Planting (DAP), leaf number 50 DAP, fresh  weight of top-trimmed, and AMF colonized roots. Furthermore, it showed a significant effect on plant height 40 and 50 DAP, leaf number 20, 40 DAP and dry weight of top-trimmed. Fertilizer were significantly affected on plant height in 10 and 20 DAP, leaf number 50 DAP and fresh/dry weight of the top-trimmed. It showed a significant effect on plant height 30 DAP and leaf number 40 DAP. Mixed Mycorrhiza and Guano showed the best results. The interaction between AMF and fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height at 50 DAP and fresh  weight of the top-trimmed. Mixed Mycorrhiza and Manure showed the best results on 50 DAP with increasing in plant height, while Mixed mycorrhiza and Guano increased fresh weight of the top-trimmed.Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), Helianthus annuus L., critical land, organic fertilizer, sunflower growth.


The standard deviation in a frequency modulated continuous wave radar distance measurement using a charge pump phase-locked loop (PLL) is calculated analytically. The phase noise of the PLL is modeled as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process resulting in a Lorentzian spectrum. We calculate the distance error as a function of the receiver noise bandwidth and the target distance. Depending on the frequency estimation algorithm and the target distance, the rms distance error due to PLL phase noise increases by about 6–9 dB with doubling the target distance. By contrast, the white noise in the radar receiver raises the distance error by about 12 dB in the far field with distance doubling, making this error contribution dominant for large target distances. These findings are verified by measurements on a scalable 61/122-GHz radar sensor platform.


Filiation is one of the important legal issues which has gone under developments during the history of legal system. Over the modern times, along with the emergence of new methods of reproduction particularly those with the help of a third party, legal regulation of filiation of children resulting from such methods has encountered with new challenges. To whom these children are to be filiated? According to one of the traditions, the mother filiation is based on gestation and the father's one on gamete. The question, however, is that whether these two criteria can regulate the filiation of such children in a consistent and effective manner. A study of laws and regulations of various countries gives us a negative answer. Laws that merely rely on these two criteria for the determination of filiation of those children would give rise to vagueness, undecidedness and uncertainty in this regard. Therefore, the necessity of a new criterion, i.e. that of intention, has been put forth. In this paper, we intend to study efforts made by legislators and judges of different legal systems so as to reach an effective and consistent criterion in this area.


This paper completes the description of Australasian lunulite species belonging to the genus Selenaria. The type species S. maculata and seven other taxa are included, of which five, S. dentata, S. maplestonei, S. kompseia, S. varians and S. exasperans are described as new. A lectotype is selected for each of two previously described species, S. concinna and S. hexagonalis. The Australasian Tertiary-to-Recent lunulite fauna is briefly reviewed.


Abstract - The problem of reconstruction of a vector field, given in a refracting medium, is considered. The approach to an approximate solution of the problem consisting in combination of variational, geometrical and finite difference methods is implemented. A polynomial approximation of the vector field, obtained by method of least squares, can contain an arbitrary potential part. A determination of the potential part of a required approximation of the field therefore is necessary by a solution of a homogeneous boundary value problem for the equation of Beltrami- Laplace in a bounded domain with an arbitrary configuration of boundaries. The formulated boundary value problem is solved by finite difference methods with usage of a continuous isometry of an original domain with the given Riemannian metric on a domain with the reference configuration of a boundary. For such domain the effective finite difference and iterative methods designed, the necessary evaluations and numerical experiments are produced.


This work presents a study of the behavior of fiberglass in its application as a reinforcement element in the containment of soil masses in the form of rebar and a comparison with respect to steel for the same application. It was designed from the results of tensile strength tests performed with fiberglass and steel rebar and the development of a statistical study to increase the accuracy of the results, obtaining more refined information about the actual conditions of differentiation and a concise determination of the presented advantages of one material with respect to the other as to its tensile strength. It would be possible to perform the statistical study using the Normal (Gauss curve) standard, which considers the mean and standard deviation values as the global values for both materials. However, due to the reduced number of available specimens, the t-Student test standard was used for executing a comparative analysis between the groups. This is based on the mean and standard deviation of the results obtained for the samples to compare the average tensile strength of both materials globally. The results allowed affirming that the fiberglass rebar presents tensile strength at rupture with statistically significant superiority in relation to the steel rebar.


The objective of this research was to assess the participants' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia and older people in a broader manner. A Dementia education workshop for undergraduate students was held. Students fill out a questionnaire before and after the workshop.  The Questionnaire was prepared by deep insights into previous literature to determine the knowledge and attitudes of 221 participants towards dementia. Attitudes towards individuals with dementia have shown substantial positive improvements before and after the workshop, while attitudes towards older people have not been affected. Respondents were reasonably well-known general dementia but had little awareness of particular risk factors.  A significant percentage of participants thought dementia symptoms could ameliorate even at an early stage of the illness for individuals who were diagnosed with dementia. Medical and nursing students require more professional, practical, and theoretical skills and learning in their studies. It is equally essential for students, via workshops such as this one, that they get to know the humanistic aspects of illnesses and situations. Fresh thinking and additional resources may be required to combat continued widespread misunderstandings and stigma development towards dementia.


Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer that links to millions of premature losses of human capital around the world, which poses an ever-increasing risk to the human being. There are two challenges in Tobacco smoking analysis: lack of latest data and unrecorded influential factors resulting from poor accessibility of census data. This paper uses machine learning and data visualization methods to analyze the relationship between Tobacco smoking and lung cancer, aiming to make suggestions on improving the smoking phenomenon. Specifically, enriching the research dataset is required, the onset of research is filling the missing data and organizing the datasets from targeted surveys and governmental or institutional websites in the preparation stage. After that, logistic regression and KNN are two models to detect cancer associated with smoking characters and gene types to confirm the correction between cancer and tobacco smoking. Finally, this paper applies Apache Echarts, Microsoft Tableau, and Python Matplotlib to realize visualizations and bring three possible solutions based on the smoking problem: increasing tax of tobacco, prohibition of cigarette advertisement, and institutional assistance for quitting smoking. The experimental results show the disastrous effect of smoking in data analysis. Even though there was a decline in the global smoking rate in past years, smoking is still unabated becoming the second risk factor that emanates in numerous deaths. Based on that, the section of visualizations displays two applicable and effective policies that is proved by official website "Our World in Data" to restrain damages of smoking.


The small greyishor greenish-blue squamules of Nonnandina pulchella (Borr.) Nyl. are familiar to most lichenologists. The species is widespread throughout the world in both northern and southern hemispheres and is common on mossy tree trunks in most western districts of the British Isles. In this country it has seldom been recorded in fruit and there is no doubt that the production of fruit is in fact rather rare. Unfamiliarity with fruiting material has led to the description of two " species " in the British flora which examination of the type specimens shows are simply N. pulchella, though rather exceptionally granular forms of it.


Abstract—Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is thought to promote arteriosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease, in part by impairing the function of endothelium. Because flow-induced dilation is mediated by the endothelium, we hypothesized that HHcy alters this response by interfering with the synthesis/action of NO and prostaglandins. Thus, changes in the diameter of isolated, pressurized (at 80 mm Hg) gracilis skeletal muscle arterioles (diameter ≈170 μm) from control and methionine diet–induced HHcy rats were investigated with videomicroscopy. Increases in intraluminal flow (from 0 to 25 μL/min) resulted in dilations of control arterioles (maximum, 34±4 μm). In contrast, increases in flow elicited constrictions of HHcy arterioles (−36±3 μm). In control arterioles, the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester significantly attenuated (≈50%) dilation, whereas the additional administration of indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, eliminated flow-induced dilation. In the arterioles of HH...


[Objective]To provide basis for making efficient preventive measures,and to investigate the cognitive level of the knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Disease(STD)/Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)and behavior character of the STD outpatients.[Methods]Convenience sampling was used in the analysis among the STD/AIDS outpatients,and then the questionnaire investigation was done under the agreement of the selected patients. The statistical analysis method was employed in the analysis.[Results]769 outpatients were investigated,which included 576 men and 193 women with an average-age of 30.5± 1.0 years. The most risky factors included the lack of the knowledge about STD/AIDS,without safety measures in sexual intercourse,and multi-sexual partners. All these above factors increased the infection rate of the STD/AIDS.[Conclusion]Majority of the outpatient has little knowledge about STD/AIDS and pays no concern on its harm to health. Sexual contact is the main path of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)transmission,so the infection rate increased in some high risk behaviors such as sexual intercourse without safety measures. The result shows that improving the consciousness of disease control and prevention and enhancing the intervention work in behavior of high risk population is the key work in STD/AIDS control and prevention.


Over the past decade preparation, characterization and modeling of nanofluids plentifully deliberated to improve the heat transfer effects. Hence to gratify the advancements this paper focuses on heat transfer effects of three distinct hybrid nanoparticles and with a base fluid (water). So this work numerically investigated the influence over a permeable flat surface with aligned magnetic field in the presence of suction or injection or impermeable together with the Marangoni convection of different hybrid nanofluids. The present results are validated with previous experimental and numerical results. The effect of solid volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles, angle of inclination, magnetic parameter and wall mass transfer parameter are deliberated and offered through graphs together with the surface velocity and rate of heat transfer is presented in tabular form. It is found that the rate of heat transfer is increased with an increment of wall mass transfer parameter and an opposite effect of the rising of magnetic parameter. Among the three hybrid nanofluids water hybrid nanofluid has higher surface velocity, water hybrid nanofluid has higher temperature profile and water hybrid nanofluid has higher heat transfer rate.


The representation and manipulation of knowledge has been drawing a great deal of attention since the early days of computer science, resulting in the introduction of numerous different Knowledge Representation schemes (KRschemes). Given the great variety of such available schemes, it would be desirable to have a uniform way of treating them. In this report, we propose a formal, unifying framework for dealing with KR-schemes. This framework is useful for a formal definition of the reduction of one Knowledge Representation model to another. Based on the notion of reduction, a formal method of comparing KR-schemes in terms of expressive power is proposed and some of its properties are explored.


The Wiener index of a graph G denoted by W (G) is the sum of distances between all (unordered) pairs of vertices of G. In practice G corresponds to what is known as the molecular graph of an organic compound. In this paper, we obtain the Wiener index of quasi-total graph and its complement for some standard class of graphs, we give bounds for Wiener index of quasi-total graph and its complement also establish Nordhaus-Gaddum type of inequality for it.


Previous work has shown that the mechanism of color and tone reproduction in halftone imaging systems can be described quantitatively by modeling functions for mean level probability, P ij , for light scattering from region i to region j, where regions i and j may be, for example, regions of the printed paper covered by different inks in the halftone process. The value of P ij has been shown to be a function of the area fractions of the regions, f i and f j . In the past, the P ij functions were written empirically to fit observed data or determined by convolution calculations involving the paper point spread function, PSF, and the transmittance geometry of the halftone pattern, T(x,y). In the current work it is shown that characteristics of the P ij functions can be deduced from symmetry properties of light scattering in paper and symmetry properties of the halftone pattern. This allows some P ij functions to be derived directly without the need to carry out a convolution with the point spread function of the paper. Models of these symmetry properties and methods for experimental analysis are presented.


This study aims to determine the effect of work environment and organization commitment to employees performance of human resources at PT Perkebunan Nusantara V Pekanbaru partially and simultaneously. Dimensions are used in work environment consists of work atmosphere, relationships with colleagues, and availability of working facilities. Dimensions variable organization commitment consists of affective commitment, continuous commitment, and normative commitment. And dimensions for the independent variables (employees performance) consists of labor quantity, labor quality, reliability, presence, and ability to cooperate. The method used is descriptive analysis method, and multiple linear analysis method that produces output t test, F test, and test of the determinant (R²). Processing data using programe SPSS 20. The results showed that the partial work environment does not significantly effect on employees performance of human resources at PT Perkebunan Nusantara V Pekanbaru, as shown by the significant value greater than 0,05. Partial variable organization commitment significantly influence employee employees performance of human resources at PT Perkebunan Nusantara V Pekanbaru,. And simultaneous work environment and organization commitment a significant effect on employees performance. Based on research obtained the degree of correlation of 0.832 which indicates that the level of relationship between the independent variable on the dependent variable has a strong relationship and R² values obtained at 0.692 or 69,2%. This means that employees performance of human resources at PT Perkebunan Nusantara V Pekanbaru influenced by work environment and organization commitment employees amounted to 69,2%. Keywords: Work Environment, Organization Commitment, Employees Performance


Background Patients with Barrett's oesophagus are at increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Observational studies have suggested increase in overall mortality also but data are conflicting.


This paper proposes a mathematical model for the empty container reuse problem using double-container trucks. The model discretises time and makes sure demand is met. Several model properties are presented, along with two heuristics that allow the model to be solved. By solving the empty container reuse problem, truck miles can be reduced since less truck trips are needed to satisfy the demand. Furthermore, since double-container trucks can deliver two containers per truck trip, the amount of trucks needed to satisfy the demand is decreased even more, further reducing truck miles. This will in turn make the system more environmental friendly. The model is then tested using the data from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and on randomised datasets.


This paper addresses one issue that has been somewhat neglected in the marketing literature. Namely, whether basic marketing relationships at the establishment level are robust to major changes in the macroeconomic environment where they operate. What allows us to address this issue is a combination of two factors: passage of a law liberalizing retail gas prices in Spain and the availability of a survey of gas stations in Pamplona focusing on customer satisfaction and future patronage intentions prior to the passage of the law. By conducting a similar survey in 2007 we were able to ascertain the extent to which the main determinants of these two important marketing outcome variables were robust to the macroeconomic changes of the intervening years. While the main attributes or distribution services determining customer satisfaction were inter-temporally stable, customer perceptions of store price levels were not. In the case of future patronage intentions, only customer satisfaction was an inter-temporally stable determinant of the relationship. Important customer characteristics and objective characteristics of the establishments had different effects on future patronage intentions before and after the price liberalization.