1. Section of the anterior branch of the internal cutaneous nerve in the forearm resulted in anaesthesia and hypoaesthesia of a small area of skin on the volar aspect near the wrist and slightly to the ulnar side.

2. All forms of sensibility tended to return gradually to normal. Recovery was from anaesthesia or hypoaesthesia through decreasing degrees of hypoaesthesia to normal; warmth and cold, however, passed through an intermediate stage of hyperaesthesia.

3. Pain, pressure, and cold became normal at about the same rate; warmth was relatively very much delayed.

4. Distribution of sensitivity over the skin was always irregular and patchy.

5. In initial stages there were two zones of sensory defect: an inner zone of anaesthesia and an outer zone of hypoaesthesia, which shaded off from normal sensitivity at its outer edge to extreme deficiency at its inner boundary.

6. The course of recovery for the two zones was similar. The outer zone always preceded the inner in recovery, and never showed so extreme a degree of abnormality as the inner.

7. The regions of sensory loss were approximately the same for all forms of sensibility.

8. Sensibility returned to the outer parts of the affected region first. There was no evidence that it followed the course of the nerve.

9. During recovery warmths and colds were frequently experienced as intense and diffuse. Pressures and pains were often remotely referred. Sometimes remote reference and immediate reference occurred together and a sensation was felt as 'double.'

10. Deep sensibility to pressure and pain was not altered.

11. Localisation of pressures of 20 grms. and discrimination of two pressures applied at 20 grms. remained unaffected.

12. No new qualities of sensation were experienced at any time. Many unique experiences were found to be merely unusual combinations of familiar qualities.

13. The hypothesis of Head and others, which assumes that cutaneous sensibility may be divided into "protopathic" and "epicritic" groups, is open to criticism (a) because it is inconsistent in its evolutionary aspect with the hypotheses of development of other modes of sensation; (b) because it cannot replace other hypotheses of cutaneous sensibility, since it is applicable only to a particular group of facts; (c) because it is not sufficiently thoroughgoing to constitute a true theoretical formulation; and (d) because it indicates generalities which admit of exceptions or are of doubtful status.

14. A more satisfactory theory is one which assumes that single sensory spots are innervated by more than one nerve fibre, that the multiple innervation is projected upon the central nervous system as multiple excitations which depend for their degree upon their relative strengths, their separations in the region of projection, and a limitation of the available amount of central energy. Under these conditions, multiple innervation may be effective as summation or as inhibition of the excitations involved. The division of inhibiting fibres may result in hyperaesthesia or in abnormal localisation; the gradual appearance of these forms of abnormality is due to the gradual effect of practice in the assumption of vicarious function.


After the Chernobyl disaster appeared papers overestimating medical consequences of low-dose radiation exposures. Examples have been discussed previously; an updated overview of selected studies is provided here. Various kinds of bias can be found in the epidemiological research reporting elevated health risks from low doses of ionizing radiation: Interpretation of spontaneous conditions as radiation-induced, dose comparisons disregarding the natural background, publication bias, etc. Admittedly, all relevant parameters cannot always be taken into account in epidemiological research. Several examples of potentially biased reports on Mayak Production Association workers and Techa river valley residents are analyzed here. Doubtful correlations between exposures to low radiation doses and nonmalignant conditions, discussed in this commentary, call into question the cause-effect character of such correlations for malignancies revealed by the same scientists. Correlations can be caused or influenced by dose-dependent selection and self-selection. Individuals with higher doses were probably more motivated to undergo medical checkups and given more attention. The medical surveillance of exposed populations is important; but more consideration should be given to potential bias. A promising approach to the study of dose-response relationships are lifelong experiments in different animal species that can reveal the net harm or potential benefit (within a certain range according to the concept of hormesis) from low-dose exposures to ionizing radiation.


Research and development on vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have expanded rapidly in the last few years. VANETs have many challenges due to the high nodes mobility and dynamic topology, which lead to frequency network disconnections. Clustering algorithms are effective techniques to reduce network disconnections by organizing the work of the network nodes. This paper proposes a stable clustering algorithm for efficient multi-hop vehicular communication (CAMVC), which takes the cluster's speed, acceleration, closeness centrality, and position parameters into consideration. Our approach aims to increase the cluster lifetime by electing the best cluster heads and find the best gateways to connect the clusters with each other by improving the calculations of their link connectivity duration. We compared our proposed algorithm with other clustering and gateway selection algorithms in terms of stability to prove the effectiveness of CAMVC.


Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis can cause serious and prolonged health effects and is especially deadly in infants. Early treatment can significantly reduce the duration of illness and lead to better outcomes, but current diagnostic procedures need a relatively large patient sample and have an extended wait period for testing results. There is thus a pressing need for quick and accurate diagnosis. In response, we are developing an electrochemical DNA‐based (E‐DNA) biosensor for the rapid detection of B. pertussis. Our biosensor utilizes a DNA aptamer that targets P.69 pertactin, a well‐known adhesion factor in the outer membrane of B. pertussis. To generate this aptamer, we first obtained purified P.69 pertactin and biotinylated it. Biotinylation extent was measured via HABA assay and showed ~ 42 biotin molecules per P.69 pertactin molecule. This biotinylated protein was used for selection in a modified SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) process, followed by high‐throughput sequencing. That analysis discovered six aptamer sequences with potential strong binding for P.69 pertactin. Potential aptamers were synthesized, and binding was confirmed via fluorescence anisotropy and gel shift assays. These techniques identified one aptamer sequence as having strong, low‐nanomolar binding affinity for P.69 pertactin. This aptamer was then computationally analyzed for likely secondary and tertiary structures, allowing identification of the minimum binding unit, and then was modified to generate a two‐state binding system. This modified aptamer sequence serves as the basis for an electrode‐tethered E‐DNA biosensor. This design will be verified against purified P.69 pertactin standards as well as B. pertussis isolates to demonstrate its potential as a rapid and accurate diagnostic biosensor for whooping cough infections.


Premium fuel pellets are popular for home heating fuel and standard fuel pellets are finding increased use for electrical generation. In 2005, 41 percent of the fiber feed stock used to produce pellets in the Lake States was wood residue, 27 percent waste paper or agricultural residue, and 32 percent multiple or unspecified fiber feed stocks. Between 2005 and 2008, the number of wood pellet processing facilities in the region nearly doubled and this expansion required an additional 592 thousand dry tons of fiber feed stock. Currently, two facilities producing 67 thousand tons of pellets are under construction and four plants slated to produce an additional 600 thousand tons of product are in the planning stage. The primary product manufactured in these new or planned facilities will be commercial fuel pellets and the primary feed stock will be roundwood or harvest residues and paper and agriculture waste. The potential increase in the demand for lower quality roundwood by these new facilities could replace the declining demand for this material by the paper industry. However, if the fuel pellet industry continues to expand, it could bid roundwood away from the remaining pulp and paper mills.


This paper attempts to find out the significance of the impact of watershed management on demography of the Kotkasim tehsil. Watershed management leads to various changes in surrounding habitats leading to a lasting impact on overall demographic data of the region. Thorough evaluation and analysis of comparative demographic data along with minute study of watershed management programs leads to co-relation between two and subsequent understanding of inter dependence and varied factors playing their role.


OBJECTIVE
Acyclovir prophylaxis has been considered as mandatory for patients receiving bortezomib because herpes zoster is a common adverse event associated with the use of bortezomib. Although the minimal effective dose of acyclovir for prophylaxis has not yet established, the efficacy of low-dose acyclovir prophylaxis, 400 mg once daily, has been suggested.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the patients receiving the low-dose acyclovir which was defined as the once daily administration of acyclovir 400 or 200 mg. All patients received bortezomib-containing chemotherapy in the setting of relapsed or refractory myeloma.

RESULTS
Eighty patients received bortezomib-containing treatment as a salvage therapy. All patients received at least one or more treatments prior to bortezomib treatment, including autologous stem cell transplantation. Sixty-one patients received 400 mg of acyclovir once daily while 19 patients received 200 mg. Although seven cases of herpes zoster were observed from 80 patients (7/80, 8.75%), two cases of herpes zoster received 400 mg during the limited period from the first to the fourth cycle, and the other five received 200 mg. Therefore, there was no herpes zoster in patients who received 400 mg of acyclovir till the last cycle of bortezomib treatment. There were no adverse events associated with the use of acyclovir prophylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS
The administration of acyclovir 400 mg once daily during the bortezomib treatment is an effective prophylaxis for herpes zoster in patients receiving bortezomib irrespective of disease state and the type of chemotherapy regimen.


An analytical method is presented which, applied to nitrogen washout data from the lung, describes a continuous distribution of specific tidal volume (or ventilation) throughout the air phase of th...


A simple method for obtaining the density of liquid under pressure by means of the measurement of the buoyancy of a weight hung on a thin, suspending wire in the sample liquid up to the pressures of 700 MPa at room temperature is presented. The buoyancy was obtained from the tension of the suspending wire through a repeated operation with the pressure vessel in a vertical position and then in a horizontal position. Moving the pressure vessel in a seesaw fashion around the horizontal position was effective in eliminating residual tension due to friction between the weight and the inner wall of the pressure chamber. A method to experimentally estimate the influence of pressure on the proportionality coefficient relating the resistance change of a suspending wire with the tension is presented.


Belgian researchers sought to determine which patients are appropriate candidates for tapering biologics. In this article, we summarize their findings.


This thesis is meant to investigate new multi-view-plus-depth (MVD) coding frameworks limiting as much as possible the perceptible distortions occurring in the views synthesized from decompressed data. Our objectives thus particularly concern the development of perceptually driven tools in the context of MVD coding. The difficulties we tackle lie in the fact that not only the distortions sources are multiple but there is no dedicated quality assessment tool for this specific type of data. For this reason, this thesis is focused on two main issues: the synthesized views quality evaluation and their specific artifacts and the conception of new compression scheme for MVD data based on perceived quality criteria. In this thesis, we conducted several studies in order to qualify DIBR related artifacts in synthesized views. Student's t-test results from ACR-HR and Paired Comparisons scores have led to the determination of reliability of usual subjective image/video quality assessment methods when used for the evaluation of synthesized views. The performances of usual objective image/video quality metrics has been evaluated through their correlations with subjective scores. We then focused on depth maps compression. We proposed two depth map coding schemes that are based on a compression method for 2D still images, namely LAR method. Based on our observations and experimentations, we proposed a representation and coding strategy that meets the need for depth edges preservation while ensuring high compression rate. Comparisons with state-of-the-art codecs such as H.264/AVC and HEVC showed improvements in terms of visual quality at low bit-rates. We also conducted studies regarding the bit-rate allocation issue in the context of MVD coding. The results of this thesis can be useful for the conception of new image/video quality assessment protocols, in the context of MVD; for the conception of new objective quality metrics; for improving MVD coding schemes by integrating our proposed tools; for the optimization of MVD coding methods from our studies on the relationships between texture and depth data.


In this paper, we study the well-established quasi-boundary value methods for regularizing inverse state-dependent source problems, where the convergence analysis of three typical cases is presented in the framework of filtering regularization method under suitable source conditions. Interestingly, the quasi-boundary value methods can be interpreted as certain Lavrentiev-type regularization, which was not known in literature. As another major contribution, efficient numerical implementation based on matrix exponential in time is developed, which shows much improved computational efficiency than MATLAB's backslash solver based on the all-at-once space-time discretization scheme. Numerical examples are reported to illustrate the promising computational performance of our proposed algorithms based on matrix exponential techniques.


This article examines the history and the development of terrorism as a research subject for social sciences. It gives an impression of how the subject's theoretical remit has changed over the last decades — explicitly taking into account the characteristics of a modern and global world and their impact on current understandings of terrorism. Terrorism is a minor object for the social sciences; it was even long considered "illegitimate" and neglected by researchers. There are several explanations for this, which I think my long experience in research authorizes me to evoke here.


Background.Patients with low-risk MDS remain dependent on regular transfusions, acquiring a secondary, post-transfusion excess of iron, which accordingly is an indication for the appointment of chelation therapy (CT). All over the world this problem continues to be studied, confirmation that this article cites about 40 sources of literature review. Methods.Three online medical databases were searched to identify studies reporting the data on the complex methods of treatment for the correction of iron deficiency condition in patients with low risk myelodysplastic syndrome. The primary outcome was to learn the worldwide tendency on this matter and to compare the results of different authors. Results.Several primary and secondary studies have been published that demonstrate improved survival of low-risk MDS patients who received chemotherapy. Overall, we identified 842 items as a result of search. Then we found 156 studies as similar among the databases that were deleted afterwards. Then, remaining 686 records were screened excluding 512 findings owing to different reasons. Further, the titles of 174 studies were read, 51 articles found as potentially eligible, which obtained in full text. All full text articles were learnt by the authors of the review. Finally, we included 26 studies to our review. Conclusion.Chelator therapy is a component of the treatment for low-risk MDS patients with post-transfusion overload with iron. Its appointment as part of a complex-pathogenetical therapy should not be formal. The description of iron chelators can reduce transfusion dependence and increase survival in patients with MDS.


The compound microorganisms have a great potential in bioremediation for petroleum pollution soil,which has an extensive application in the future.However,the safety issue has an uncertainty and potential risks for the human health and ecology environment.A compound microorganisms was made from eight strains with petroleum degradation bacteria.The bio-safety of the compound microorganisms was assessed through the animal tests and terrestrial plants experiment.The results showed that the compound microorganisms had no irritation to the animal skin,and no harmful to the plant's growth,which had the relative safety.


A series of novel three-dimensional (3D) nanotemplates which have tuned surface mesoporosity and surface chemistry based on the protein of interest have been developed to facilitate protein crystallization. The crystallization of five model proteins systems is reported at hereto the lowest reported protein or precipitant concentrations. These improvements were only possible due to the combined use of optimum pore sizes with appropriate surface chemistries in the preparation of the 3D nanotemplates. The success of this strategy can be ascribed to the specific design of the ordered nanotemplates which are based on known physicochemical properties of the protein and offer an alternate targeted strategy for protein crystallization in contrast to previous methods based on the use of universal nucleants. The use of protein tuned nanotemplates will potentially open up new opportunities for the crystallization and structure determination of high value proteins, as well as opportunities for their separation and pu...


A method for determining at least one set of matching attributes (pixel, object) between a plurality of images (image1, image2), comprises a step of projecting at least part of the images of said plurality to a 3-dimensional space resulting in a plurality of 3-D projected images(image1 _3D, image2_3D), a step of searching for at least one corresponding set of elements within the 3D projected images of the plurality of 3-D projected images, a step of calculating back said corresponding elements within the original images of the plurality and providing said corresponding elements within said original images as said at least one set of matched attributes.


Examined factors that may influence attributions of blame for male victims of rape. Whatley and Riggio (1993) found that victim arrest record and perceiver's belief in a just world influenced attributions of blame. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings. Sexual orientation of the victim was manipulated along with arrest record, resulting in a 2 X 2 ANOVA. As expected, belief in a just world predicted greater victim blame and homosexual victims were accorded more blame than heterosexual victims. The finding related to arrest record, however, was not replicated. Language: en


To retrieve translations of a document is very helpful for bilingual parallel corpora construction.This paper proposes an improved approach for this purpose,which uses statistical translation model to match bilingual word-pairs,uses weights of word-pairs as features for computing similarity and uses a new Dice-based method to compute Cross-Language document similarity.The approach was evaluated by measuring the numbers of how many times the translation of a given document was identified in the top N similar documents. Although two noisy datasets were used in the experiment,about 90% translations were identified in the top 5 similar documents.The experimental results show that the weighs of bilingual words-pairs are good features for similarity computing and this approaqch can effectively find translation equivalent of a document in other languages.


Schwannomas are benign, encapsulated, slow-growing tumors originating from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. Approximately 25-40% of cases occur in the head and neck region, of which one percent has been reported in the oral cavity. They are usually asymptomatic and malignant transformation is rare. Few cases of intraoral schwannoma occurring on the tongue, the floor of the mouth, palate, gingiva, vestibule, lips, salivary glands and the mental nerve region have been reported in the medical literature. This paper reports a rare presentation of an intraoral schwannoma located in the parapharyngeal space arising from the parotid gland in a 31- year-old female patient.


Intensity of human causal induction is expressed by statistical models in cognitive science. A statistical index, pARIs, which is one of the models of human causal induction, has good performance on some tests. The form of pARIs is nearly equal to one of Jaccard index. However, it has not been known yet why pARIs can be related to intensity of human causal induction. In this study, we propose pARIX (i.e. pARIs-eXtended), in which explanatory variables of pARIs are replaced from Bernoulli random variables to general continuous random variables. pARIX is applied to Gaussian random variables, and is compared with correlation coefficient and mutual information. Moreover, response of pARIX for parameter damping in which a cubic function gets close to a linear function is researched. When the given data pattern is regarded as the thing based on some function, high value of pARIX implies high degree of "single-valued-ness" and "injectivity (one-to-one-ness)" in neighborhood of a selected domain.


ABSTRACT

Hope Dietary Pattern (PPH) or "Desirable Dietary Pattern" is a composition of different foods or food groups that are based donation energy to the total energy of the major food groups (both in absolute and relative) of a pattern or the availability and consumption of food that is able to provide food consumption needs of the population in terms of quality, quantity and variety, taking into account the social aspects of economic, cultural, religious and flavor (Badan Bimas Ketahanan Pangan Nasional, 2005)..
Purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutrition knowledge and consumption patterns of the Dietary Pattern Hope (PPH). The purpose of this study was to determine the PPH score in the village of Gunung Halu Wargasaluyu District of West Bandung regency, West Java Province Year 2015/2016. This research was carried out cluster sampling method where the population in this study is the number of families (KK) in the village of Wargasaluyu many as 2077 families with a sample of 210 households. Method procecing data used Ms. Excel 2010 and SPSS 11,5 for windows, as for the consumption patterns using the method of recording, 24-hour food recall method and weighing method to count energy need consumption patterns of individuals in the household by using DKBM.
Based on research on the relationship characteristics of respondents (age, education, income respondents. Based on primary research that respondent characteristics influencing knowledge and patterns of food consumption respondents thus affecting the final result on the score calculation Hope Dietary Pattern (PPH). The results of this study indicate that the diversity of food consumption by the method of Hope Dietary Pattern (PPH) PPH obtained a score of 72.04 categorized enough diversity of food consumption to villagers Wargasaluyu. PPH score of 72.04 would mean that the villagers Wargasaluyu eating foods that do not vary in every meal so it needs to be followed up more deeply on food consumption to suit the PPH approach, the basic principles of planning needs for food with PPH and Presidential Decree No. 22 Year 2009 on Policy-Based Food consumption Diversification Acceleration of Local Resources.


Political, social, and legislative forces outside higher education orchestrated and directed congressional action to uncap the mandatory retirement age, paying little attention to the special nature of higher education.


We construct and analyze a Hamiltonian system whose position coordinate takes values on the finite subset of contiguous integers Zj := {−j,−j+1, . . . , j}, with the purpose of applying the resulting model to the parallel processing of finite, N-point signals by optical means, and for understanding models of finite quantum mechanics. Preserving the geometric and dynamic Hamilton equations of paraxial geometric optics, 'discrete quantization' leads us to the Lie algebra so(3), while the metaxial expansion by aberrations provides the rest of the N2 unitary transformations that can be applied to any N-point signal. A compact phase space is the scenario for an so(3)-covariant Wigner function to see such signals as nonlinear aberrations of the surface of a sphere.


The comparative tests of forestation were made.The different grade seedlings,which were from 8 Chinese fir families of the second generation seed orchard were selected as the samples. Within 16 years,which was the rotation age for small dimension wood cultivation,the growth rate were analyzed when tree was 1-5 years,8 years and 16 years old.The results showed that there were significant differences among height,DBH and stem volume of different grade seedlings before the age were 4-year.And those were not significant after age at 5.There were not significant differences among annual increment of height among different grade seedlings before the age was 4-year,but it was affirmative among families.Interaction of grade and family was not significant.There were some differences among rate of survival and there was intimate correlativity on growth between parent and filial generation.By using of superior families or strains,40% volume gain would be achieved.The early growth of families or individuals was affected significantly by seedling quality.Therefore,we proposed that families or individuals selection should be performed after age of 5.


Summary In this paper an attempt is made to demonstrate the rhetorical thrust of philosophy. Contrary to the traditional assumption, it is argued that rhetoric rather than logic motivates philosophizing. The "irrationalism" of Gorgias, the Sophist, as well as rhetorical elements in Socratic thought, are considered in this regard. This particular form of irrationalism is construed as a liberation from the fetters of rationalistic illusion. Next, a brief investigation of Nietzsche's "deconstruction" of language and knowledge is undertaken. He is seen to operate in the same (sophistic) tradition. Then there is a section on the contemporary deconstructionist approach of Jacques Derrida and Paul de Man who expose tropic activity within philosophical discourse itself. Finally, the interaction of Derrida and Heidegger is briefly examined, together with an assessment of the hermeneutical implications of the deconstructionist approach.


In this paper,we compare the results of two analysis approaches of LMS algorithm: perturbation expansion methods and nite alphabet approach. On a particular example, we show that, the results issued from perturbation expansion methods, are e ectively a Taylor expansion of exact results obtained by the nite alphabet approach


This research aims to explain the model of government and community cooperation in waste management in Batu City. This research focuses on two aspect, such as to elaborate model of cooperation between government and society in waste management and the obstacle factors that emerge in the implementation of the cooperation. Meanwhile, the concept used in analyzing the context of cooperative model is collaborative governance model which encompass component of collaboration dynamics, collaboration activities, and collaboration result. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Sources of data encompass interviews data from some respondents that involve as collaborative actors such as DLH Batu City employees and community members of Trash Kartini True Municipal of Batu City, documents from DLH Batu City and Kartini Sejati waste bank Community, journals, and books that relate with the research focus. Data collection techniques used observation, interview and documentation. While the technique of data analysis use four stages include, data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this research indicate that collaboration between the government through DLH Kota Batu and the community through the waste bank community has represented as the components in the collaborative governance model. The collaboration has been conducted through a joint dialogue process undertaken by DLH Kota Batu and the community of waste banks; development of trust and commitment of each stakeholder; regulatory support; knowledge and ability of stakeholders related to waste management; leadership; and some resources such as human resources, budget and facilities. Collaboration is manifested in several collaborative activities, both collective and individual. At the end of the process, the results obtained from the implementation of the collaboration include results in the economic, social and political.


High-temperature resistant ceramic coating of stainless steel was prepared using the preceramic polyborosilazane(PBSZ) as raw materia,B4C and Al as fillers.The performance and microstructure of the coating obtained under nitrogen atmosphere,and the influence of the filler material on the coating performance were studied.The PBSZ pyrolysis process and the product phase was analysed by TG-DTA and XRD,and the coating microstructure and composition was analyzed by SEM.The result showed that addition of aluminium powders as an active addition can accelerate pyrolysis of PBSZ,reduce the volume shrinkage of the coating.Therefore it can effectively enhance the bond strength between the coating and the substrate.At 1000 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere,the coating includes Al4C3,AlN,SiC,B4C and Al crystallites.Under the appropriate process conditions,the obtained ceramic coating has good toughness and oxidation resistance.Microscopic study reveals that the thickness of the ceramic coating is about 50 μm,the surface of the coating is uniform and dense,and the interface with stainless steel substrate is excellent.


Central lines are essential tools in the management of patients with hematological disorders. A well-functioning catheter allows the efficient administration of chemotherapy, fluids, antibiotics, transfusions, and other drugs necessary during the treatment of acute leukemia and related disorders. However, central lines are also associated with serious catheter-related morbidity and discomfort. The main risks are catheter-related deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with its risk of pulmonary embolism, and catheterrelated sepsis. The choice of appropriate catheter for each patient, and each phase of the disease, as well as rigorous surveillance and management of the catheter lumens and insertion site, are essential to limit complications. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have been routinely used as central catheters for the past 3–4 decades, for hospitalized patients and in ambulatory care [1,2]. PICCs are inserted in the basilic or cephalic vein of the arm, with the tip of the catheter placed in the superior vena cava. PICCs function as central catheters, allowing both drug infusion and blood sampling, but lessen the risk associated with central venous catheter insertion (i.e. carotid puncture, pneumothorax). They may be inserted in patients with coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia. Depending on the center, the catheter is inserted in the angiography suite to allow secure positioning, or at the bedside followed by an X-ray, and is withdrawn easily at the bedside [3]. Different sizes, numbers of lumens, and materials are available, and are chosen depending on the clinical use and institutional preference. PICC-related intravascular infections appear very rarely, probably because the insertion site is distant from the oropharynx area [4]. Concerns have been raised, however, about the risk of developing DVT with a PICC [5]. The incidence of PICC-related DVT has been variable in uncontrolled studies, depending on the definition of DVT (the basilic vein being considered alternatively a superficial or a deep vein) [6], the method of diagnosis (systematic search for asymptomatic DVT vs. only symptomatic DVT), and the design of the study (prospective vs. retrospective). Few data are available on the incidence of PICC-related DVT in patients with hematological malignancies. In this issue of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Tran and colleagues report their experience with a large number of leukemic patients treated with PICCs over several years, and provide important novel information on the topic [7]. They retrospectively reviewed 899 PICCs placed in 498 patients, between 2001 and 2006, in the Leukemia Unit of Emory University Hospital, Atlanta. Some 7.8% of patients (39 of 498) had a symptomatic PICC-associated DVT diagnosed by ultrasonography. The DVTs were mostly located in the subclavian, axillary, and brachial veins, whereas the internal jugular vein was involved only in two cases. In 2006, the institution changed its protocol of PICC insertion. The same device was inserted in the internal jugular (IJ) vein under sonographic guidance, and tunneled under the skin, with the exit site at the subclavicular region. What was the result of this very inspired idea? There was a slight increase in procedure time in the angiography suite, and a dramatic decrease in the incidence of PICC-related DVT (0.4% of symptomatic DVTs for the 667 next patients with tunneled IJ catheter). What could explain such a success? Why is the thrombogenicity of the catheter so much reduced by this new insertion method? The PICC consists of a thin and very floppy material, and this probably reduces its thrombogenicity in the central vein by decreasing the mechanical stress to the


Intestinal spirochetosis is a rare infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the colonization of in colonic mucosae by spirochetae. We report a case of a 78-year-old immunocompetent polymorbid woman who was referred to the gastroenterology clinic for a diagnostic colonoscopy because of unclear chronic abdominal pain. The diagnostic colonoscopy revealed diffuse edematous mucosa in the entire colon and sigma with presence of Spirochetes in the biopsy specimens. The patient was treated with metronidazole 500mg four times a day for ten days. After treatment, we observed a complete remission of symptoms. Chronic pain in these patients is often wrongly considered to be related to previous surgery or polymorbidity. The endoscopic finding of edematous mucosae was non-specific and could not lead to the diagnosis without performing biopsies for histological investigation. Our case underlines the importance of performing diagnostic colonoscopy in immunocompetent polymorbid patients with chronic abdominal pain.


The present invention relates to a filter paper but without using the permanent magnet oil filter element is used in place of magnet type filter element of the oil filter using filter, the N-pole and the N pole or S pole and S pole mutually exclusive of spacing between the permanent magnets becomes narrower, to increase the density of magnetic field lines, and generate turbulent oil flow when it actually attracts the magnetic gap to the powder by the influence of magnetic lines of force can be prevented from deterioration of the oil, the conventionally used the space occupied by the oil filter paper in the filter as the magnetic field space, whereby the present invention may really suck the oil filter of the magnetic powder and the magnetic field lines extend through the oil time zone.


The rational design of an efficient and inexpensive electrocatalyst based on earth‐abundant 3d transition metals (TMs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction still remains a significant challenge in the renewable energy area. Herein, a novel and effective approach is developed for synthesizing ultrafine Co nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) grafted onto both sides of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Co@N‐CNTs@rGO) by direct annealing of GO‐wrapped core–shell bimetallic zeolite imidazolate frameworks. Benefiting from the uniform distribution of Co nanoparticles, the in‐situ‐formed highly graphitic N‐CNTs@rGO, the large surface area, and the abundant porosity, the as‐fabricated Co@N‐CNTs@rGO composites exhibit excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. As demonstrated in electrochemical measurements, the composites can achieve 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotential with only 108 and 87 mV in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4, respectively, much better than most of the reported Co‐based electrocatalysts over a wide pH range. More importantly, the synthetic strategy is versatile and can be extended to prepare other binary or even ternary TMs@N‐CNTs@rGO (e.g., Co–Fe@N‐CNTs@rGO and Co–Ni–Cu@N‐CNTs@rGO). The strategy developed here may open a new avenue toward the development of nonprecious high‐performance HER catalysts.


The frequency and intensity of flood quantiles and its attendant damage in agricultural establishments have generated a lot of issues in Ethiopia. Moreover, precise estimates of flood quantiles are needed for efficient design of hydraulic structures; however, quantification of these quantiles in data-scarce regions has been a continuing challenge in hydrologic design. Flood frequency analysis is thus essential to reduce possible flood damage by investigating the most suitable flood prediction model. The annual maximum discharges from six representative stations in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin were fitted to the commonly used nine statistical distributions. This study also assessed the performance evolution of the probability distributions with varying spatial scales, such that three different spatial scales of small-, medium-, and large-scale basins in the Blue Nile River Basin were considered. The performances of the candidate probability distributions were assessed using three goodness-of-fit test statistics, root mean square error, and graphical interpretation approaches to investigate the robust probability distribution for flood frequency analysis over different basin spatial scales. Based on the overall analyses, the generalized extreme value distribution was proven to be a robust model for flood frequency analysis in the study region. The generalized extreme value distribution significantly improved the performance of the flood prediction over different spatial scales. The generalized extreme value flood prediction performance improvement measured in root mean square error varied between 5.84 and 67.91% over other commonly used probability distribution models. Thus, the flood frequency analysis using the generalized extreme value distribution could be essential for the efficient planning and design of hydraulic structures in the Blue Nile River Basin. Furthermore, this study suggests that, in the future, significant efforts should be put to conduct similar flood frequency analyses over the other major river basins of Ethiopia.


This study substantiates the notion of a home advantage for the sport of basketball. The findings indicate that home teams win 66% of their games and this advantage is as important for game outcomes as team quality. However, the advantage varies according to the quality of home and visiting teams. The paper provides a review of the Durkheimian perspective, which views the home team as a representative of the home collectivity that draws support from its fans. Additionally, the home advantage may be seen as an expression of Goffman, whereby the players are highly motivated to respond in a manner that will maintain their proper demeanor and self-esteem.


We report evidence that the presence of hidden liquidity is associated with greater visible liquidity in the order books, greater trading volume, and smaller price impact. We construct an algorithm that extracts information about hidden depth from publicly available data. We show that the predicted presence of iceberg orders is associated with larger market orders and market orders that are skewed towards the side of the order book with the iceberg order. We estimate a statedependent price impact function and the moments of the order flow distributions and use them to calculate the expected surplus to limit and iceberg orders. We find that an iceberg order earns its highest expected surplus when it remains undetected consistent with the ability to hide giving large trader a comparative, but short-lived, advantage. The positive net surplus and the greater trading activity when iceberg orders are present are consistent with uninformed iceberg orders. The expected mid-quote changes conditional on type I and II errors generated by the algorithm provides a measure of the information conveyed by iceberg orders. A 'surprise' iceberg order is associated with a mid-quote change over the next 30 traders of the same order of magnitude as the quoted bid-ask spread consistent with informed iceberg orders.


Quadriceps tendon rupture (QTR) is a rare clinical condition often caused by indirect injury in healthy people. In addition, spontaneous and bilateral ruptures can occur in patients with predisposing factors, such as endocrine or rheumatic disease. Currently, several QTR repair techniques have been proposed; however, no consensus exists about the best repair technique.


Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) functions in critical transcriptional coactivation in Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways, which participate in hepatic fibrosis. This study is aimed to reveal the potential role of MAML1 in liver fibrosis and identify its underlying mechanism. In present research, the enhanced expression of MAML1 was found in the fibrotic liver tissues in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, and MAML1 expression increased gradually during the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from the normal rat. Further studies showed that blocking MAML1 expression efficiently decreased the expression of α-SMA and collagen I (Col1a1) in HSCs. Interestingly, MAML1 may modulate HSCs activation via interrupting both Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions, and the inhibition of MAML1 by a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 1 vector carrying shRNA targeting MAML1 alleviated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. These findings suggest that the selective regulation of MAML1 expression may be a feasible therapeutic approach to reverse liver fibrosis. Impact statement Liver fibrosis is a common wound-healing response to all kinds of liver injuries. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is the key event during liver fibrogenesis. Thus, the elucidation of mechanisms for regulating HSCs activation is helpful for identifying novel anti-fibrotic targets and strategies. MAML1, an important component of Notch signal, functions in critical transcriptional coactivation in the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways. In the present study, we investigated the potential function of MAML1 during hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. Our results demonstrated that MAML1 participates in liver fibrosis through modulating HSCs activation via interrupting both the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signal transductions. Additionally, the inhibition of MAML1 markedly attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. Our results shed a light for the exploitation of a new therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis via targeting MAML1.


Four species of bumblebees, Bombus horforum, B. ruderafus, B. subterraneus and B. terrestris, are now established and widespread in New Zealand. The long-tongued species, B. hortorum, B. ruderatus, and B. subferraneus, are very effective pollinators of red clover but not of lucerne. Bombus terrestris is short-tongued, "robs" red clover, and is thus less effective as a pollinator of this crop but is a most efhcient pollinator of lucerne. Research on bumblebees in New Zealand was first concerned with identification of the species and their distribution. Since the 1950s biological aspects have received increasing attention and success has been achieved with local enhancement of bumblebee populationsintroduction of B. horforum to Manawatu district and increase of local populations in Mackenzie Country. It is considered that manipulation of populations of the species now present offers most promise for increase in pollination, and hence seed yield, of red clover and luccrne in New Zealand.


This paper is the first part of the ongoing project to reconstruct the history of the Soviet advertising throughout the history of the regime. It utilizes interpretive, historical and textual metho ...


Twenty two years ago Russell and his colleagues showed the effectiveness of brief advice from doctors in persuading smokers to stop,1 but only in the past few years has treatment for dependent smokers finally been taken seriously. Treatment services have been established throughout the NHS and are an integral part of the government's plans to reduce deaths from coronary heart disease and cancer.2 Smokers are now offered behavioural support to stop plus NHS prescriptions of nicotine replacement therapy or bupropion, treatments shown to be effective by a huge body of research and based on national clinical guidelines.3 These services have achieved impressive throughput and success rates, but they are now under threat because of the government's failure to confirm their future funding.

In England between April 2000 and March 2001 about 127 000 smokers set a quit date and 48% of these stopped at one month. This has …


A Wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes which are limited energy resources. Therefore, the main issue is how to optimize the energy consumption to maintain the sensor nodes alive as long as possible. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that divides the network area to zones and uses the fuzzy logic method to select Cluster Heads (CHs). To this aim, we have taken into account a set of parameters related to the node for selecting CHs. These parameters are used as inputs to the Fuzzy Inference System. Simu-lation results show that our algorithm succeeds to increase the stability period, save the energy and hence, prolong the lifetime of the network.


An experiment is described in which the in vivo digestibility was determined of for ages grown at different light intensities, temperatures and nitrogen fertilizations. The different factors influenced the chemical composition considerably more than the digestibility. Light intensity had a small positive influence on digestibility and tem perature a rather big negative influence, while nitrogen fertilization showed a non significant positive trend. Digestibility was decreased during stem formation. The samples of the forages were analysed for different compounds enabling the pre diction of in vivo digestibility by different procedures of which the in vitro true digestibility appeared to be the most accurate one.


Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been used to study flow driven by a constant pressure gradient in an open channel with stable stratification imposed by a constant heat flux at the free surface and an adiabatic bottom wall. Under these conditions a turbulent mixed layer develops underneath a strongly stratified pycnocline. Turbulent properties in the pycnocline and at the free surface are examined as a function of the imposed stratification. It is found that increasing the friction Richardson number, a measure of the relative importance of stratification with respect to boundary layer turbulence, leads to a stronger, thicker pycnocline which eventually limits the impact of wall-generated turbulence on the free surface. Increasing stratification also leads to an increase in the pressure-driven mean streamwise velocity near the free surface and a corresponding increase in mean shear, a decrease in the turbulent Reynolds stress, and a substantial decrease in the eddy viscosity. PDF's and visualizations are employed to understand how stratification affects the interaction of bottom turbulence with the free surface. MOTIVATION The present study considers open channel flow with stable stratification imposed by a constant heat flux at the free surface and an adiabatic lower wall. This choice of boundary conditions allows us to distinguish between buoyancy effects at the turbulence generation site and in the outer region of the flow. Specifically, since the near wall region remains unstratified, the interaction between wall-generated turbulence and an external stable stratification is examined. Several previous studies have considered stratified channel flow, but in each case stratification was applied with fixed temperature boundaries. Armenio and Sarkar (2002) used a LES to study stratified closed channel flow with a fixed temperature difference ∆T across the channel. Nagaosa and Saito (1997) considered a DNS of open channel flow with fixed ∆T across the channel and a friction Reynolds number of 150. Komori et al. (1983) used steam to heat the surface of water in an inclined open channel, approximately equivalent to fixed temperature boundary conditions (Garg et al. 2000). One of the common conclusions of these studies is that for large ∆T applied across the channel, the near wall turbulent production is reduced by stratification. Since all previous studies of stratified open channel flow have considered fixed temperature walls, the near-wall region did not remain unstratified, and hence one of the major influences of stratification was a reduction of the near-wall turbulence production. When considering environmental flows, the results of these studies may be analogous to the atmospheric surface boundary layer under conditions of strong surface cooling where a stably stratifying heat flux at the ground can lower turbulent production in the surface layer (Mahrt 1999). In contrast, our proposed boundary conditions are more relevant to the oceanic bottom boundary layer where the bounding surface is adiabatic, for example, see Lien and Sanford (2004) for a good explanation of the differences between atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.


Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting human beings. The most common methods for maintaining good oral hygiene and preventing dental caries are brushing and washing the mouth with tooth pastes and mouthwashes that have antimicrobial properties. The present research was therefore undertaken to formulate an antibacterial mouthwash using the most commonly used vegetables and spices in India so that the mouthwash can be prepared easily at home and is also highly economical. Antimicrobial activity of the formulated mouthwash was compared with the most commonly used commercial mouthwashes.


In this paper, we tackle the problem of map estimation from small set of vehicular GPS traces collected from low cost devices. Contrary to the existing works, we rely only on GPS information. First, we propose a fast implementation of Kalman filtering of spline-based road modeling. Our approach demonstrates a significant boost of the computation speed while maintained a good estimation error. Secondly, we perform an evaluation of our algorithm on real world data. Our estimation is compared to a high grade Inertial Navigation System and vectorial data gathered from major map providers. Our results suggest that a good performance can be achieved from the fusion of multiple GPS traces collected from multiple vehicles and drivers.


Background and Aim: Self-care behaviors are one of the effective factors in preventing symptoms and recurrence of the disease. Continuous Care Model has been introduced as a regular process for effective communication between patient and nurse. considering the feature of this model in the continuity of communication in patient care that is appropriate to the patient's condition, This study aimed to determine the effect of Continued Care Model (CCM) on self-care behaviors in patients with myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed on patients admitted to coronary care unit (CCU) wards of the Zahedan-based teaching hospitals in 2017. Sixty patients were selected by convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into intervention and control groups (N=30 per group). The CCM in five group sessions, they performed 45-30 minutes and were followed up by telephone. Data were collected by using a demographics form and questionnaire of standard scale Self-Care Miller in a Data were collected from using a demographics form and questionnaire of standard scale SelfCare Miller in three periods of time. data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 20) and with the help Independent t-test, Chisquare and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, at the significant level of P<0.05 was analyzed. Results: Two groups of control and intervention there were no significant differences in individual variables. Mean scores of diet (P<0.001), non-smoking (P=0.03), moderation of stress variable (P=0.002), physical activity (P=0.001), and total score of self-care behaviors (P <0.001) were significantly increased in the intervention group immediately after the intervention was implemented The results showed that the changes in self-care behaviors in the two groups were not the same in three time intervals and in the intervention group were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The CCM can cause positive changes in self-care behaviors in patients. Therefore, using this model as a communitybased approach in the health system is recommended in patients with myocardial infarction.


The real estate industry is a sector where the companies generally have a capital structure which is high leveraged. The financing– with the related terms – is therefore specifically of high import ...


This paper describes an expansion of a multi-period worker assignment model for a lean production cell that produces a single product family. The hypothetical cell operates eight hours per day, twenty days per month and has six workers performing ten tasks. The model assigns the workers to tasks and determines the levels of additional training that may be necessary to meet customer demand, quality requirements, and cross-training provisions. The two main factors analyzed are the number of workers trained beyond two tasks and frequency of job rotation. Four levels of worker training and three levels of job rotation frequency are evaluated. To be considered cross-trained, workers must be trained on at least two tasks. The four levels of worker training are zero, two, four, and six workers trained on more than two tasks. The zero level indicates that all workers are trained on only two tasks, while the other three levels indicate that that number of workers are trained on more than two tasks. The three levels of job rotation are eight, four, and two hour rotations per day. The solutions from the model are analyzed to determine the impact the two factors have on net present costs, quality costs, and training within the work month. The model expands upon the research of McDonald et. al., [1] by allowing workers to increase their training by more than a single skill level during the 20-day planning period and by removing the budgetary constraints for training. The results of this model are expected to provide insight on the impact worker training and job rotation frequencies have on production line performance and provide guidance on training policies.


This study focuses on the adaptation of Islamic-mystic magazines into religious soap operas in Indonesia. This study concludes that for the producers, Islamic soap opera plays an economic function: to get more audiences and more economic profit. But, for the audience, religious soap opera plays a cultural function: to maintain and reconfirm their traditional beliefs. It leads us to the theoretical conclusion that this adaptation practice is a mechanism of self-translation of Javanese culture.


The strict request of software quantity is very important for software. How to control the software development process strictly, increasing the successful rate of the software system and the customer approval, cutting down the cost of deve ̄lopment have become the investigative focus in the theories of software.Put forward the framework for developing software based on software component after summing up the international current popular of software development mode.


Porphyrins and chlorins containing acetylacetone residues on the peripheral substituents are known to readily react with hydrazine derivatives to form porphyrin and chlorin derivatives possessing a pyrazole moiety. In this study, we have carried out the synthesis of methyl pyropheophorbide-a derivatives containing a pyrazole moiety on its peripheral position. Moreover, we have examined a preliminary in vitro effect of these new derivatives on A549 cancer cell in photodynamic therapy.


RESULTS: Out of the total 837 cases, Physical violence was observed in 717 (85.66%) victims, sexual assault in 54 (6.45%) cases, 28 (3.34%) victims received Firearm injuries, and 21 (2.50%) cases were injured due to Road Traffic Accidents. The Injuries due to flame burn contributed for 15 (1.80%) cases and 02 (0.23 %) cases were reported to have miscarriage resulting from violence. Among total 54 cases of sexual assault, 30 (55.55%) belonged to urban settings and 24 (44.45%) were inhabitants of rural areas. Majority 37 (68.51%) of sexual assault victims were unmarried girls as compared to 17 (31.49%) married. The highest number of sexual assault 26 (48.15%) was reported among the victims of age group 10-19 years followed by age group 20-29 years involving 19 (35.19%) cases. The semen was detected in 13 (24.07%) cases, negative reports in 09 (16.67%) cases; whereas the reports of Chemical Examiner were not available in the record / medico legal registers in 32 (59.26%) cases of alleged sexual assault.


Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an extension of the corporate role which encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities that a company must fulfill, such that it improves the overall quality of life of the community around it. Sustainable development (SD) on the other hand involves operations that have a minimal impact on the environment. However, in today's global environment, governments around the world are implementing stricter environmental regulations and supporting higher standards of living for their citizens. This socially and environmentally conscious undertone has made it imperative for organizations to address issues related to CSR and SD seriously and in many cases with the highest urgency. Successful implementation CSR and CS strategies are very vital for oil and gas industries due to fact that these industries are very responsible for the global environment as well as these companies represent the top wealthy industries of the world. The three oil and gas industries (Shell, BP, and Total S.A.) that have been analyzed in this project work, demonstrate that their CS and CSR strategies are not the same and there is scope of improvement. From the comparative analysis, BP's investment (0.8% of the net annual profit) in community development is very low compared to the investment in community development of Shell (5.5% of Net annual profit) and Total S.A. (4.77% of Net annual profit) which clearly indicates that BP's CSR strategies are not sustainable also BP's TBL aspects are not balanced in this case.


Thunderclap headaches (TCHs) are severe and hyperacute headaches with maximal intensity at onset, not unlike a clap of thunder. The term TCH was first used to describe headaches caused by unruptured intracerebral aneurysms (1). However, TCH was recently discovered to be a presentation of many other diseases. Although primary TCH usually has a benign prognosis, it is important to note that primary TCH is a diagnosis of exclusion (2). Urgent assessment of TCH is important in order to avoid the potentially catastrophic consequences of secondary TCH. Phaeochromocytomas are rare, catecholamineproducing tumours of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or of the paraganglia. The typical clinical manifestations of a phaeochromocytoma include sustained or paroxysmal hypertension, severe headache, palpitation and sweating, which result from the direct action of catecholamines. However, its presentations are highly variable and can mimic many other disorders. If left unrecognized and untreated, it can cause life-threatening conditions (3). Many clinicians are unaware that a phaeochromocytoma can be manifested as a TCH. Here, we report our experience of a patient with a phaeochromocytoma whose initial presentation was a TCH.


In this paper, we integrate theories of distributed leadership and distributed cognition to account for the roles of people and technology in online leadership. When leadership is distributed effectively, the result can be success stories like Wikipedia and Linux. However, finding a successful distribution is challenging. In the online community Newgrounds, hundreds of collaborative animation projects called "collabs" are started each year, but less than 20% are completed. We suggest that many collabs fail because leaders are overburdened and lack adequate technological support. We introduce Pipeline, a collaboration tool designed to support and transform leadership, with the goal of easing the burden on leaders of online creative projects. Through a case study of a six-week, 30-artist collaboration called Holiday Flood, we show how Pipeline supported redistributed leadership. We conclude with implications for theory and the design of social computing systems.


This paper presents the design of a Line Start Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machine (LSPMSM) and the analysis of its starting capability. A preliminary sizing of the machine is carried out using an analytical procedure and the obtained solution is finally refined and completed by 2D Finite Element (FE) analysis. The effect of modifying the geometrical configuration of PMs, rotor bars and flux barriers on the LSPMSM starting capability is analyzed using the FLUX software package. This study is proved to be useful for the optimal design of the machine with the purpose of improving its start-up capability, one of the most sensible points of LSPMSM.


The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of food quality, service quality, and location variables on consumer decisions at NK Café Malang. The data used is the result of distributing questionnaires to consumers. The sample selection technique is Accidental Sampling with a total of 50 consumers. Data processing uses multiple linear regression and is free from the classical assumption test. Consumer decisions are explained by 47.6% of the independent variables. The results show that the variables of food quality, service quality, and place have a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions. Based on the results of the study, it shows that NK Café must maintain the values of the three variables even if it needs to be increased.


This article, based on the Marxist approach and work psychodynamics Christophe Dejours, proposes a discussion of the contemporary world of work, under the aegis of neoliberalism, and of the consequences that this brings to the health of the worker, causing suffering not only the employee, but also their family.


The Medium - and - small - size entetprises are the important part in our national economy. But it is so dif-ficult for them to raise money that they can't develop well. Therefor, some measures should be taken to promote them todevelop quickly.


From the narrative and the analysis of a specific sequence of a research project (including anthropologists), associated with an intervention, in the field of maternal health in Senegal, this paper emphasizes the need to intertwine three levels of analysis, all of them involving the analysis of the anthropologist : an anthropology of the project as a whole to understand the logic governing its guidance, intended or sustained, and based on its characteristics or on external events ; the making of anthropology in this project ; lessons drawn from this dual position to rethink issues of anthropology in general (relation to fieldwork, construction of the object, contribution to change).


Determining the best set of optimizations to apply to a program has been a long standing problem for compiler writers. To reduce the complexity of this task, existing approaches typically apply the...


For a successful combination of Si electronics with biological applications a defined placement of biomolecules at Si surfaces is an important requirement. One way to realize this is the using of Coulomb interaction of biomolecules with dislocations in Si. Such a dislocation network could be formed by direct wafer bonding. In case of misorientation of the wafers, the network will be formed at the interface between them. The dislocations will be surrounded with a space charge region being connected with an electrostatic barrier. By variation of the misorientation of the wafers the distance between the dislocations could be changed. The relatively short range of the fields necessitate the placement of the dislocation networks close to the Si surface. This was done with a smart cut® process whereas the wafer is thinned down from one site. DNA molecules were adsorbed on such substrates.


In response to global trends in resource management, the School of Chemical Enginering at the University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney) has extensively modified an existing introductory course to include sustainable manufacturing principles, with a strong link to industry case studies and introduction of ISO14001 Environmental certification as a design tool for conforming compliances. These changes have evolved to better align with the core learning. This paper describes the evolution of two traditional courses in the School of Chemical Engineering at UNSW Sydney, and the challenges and proposed solutions in dealing with two distinct cohorts of Year 1 students (in Chemical Engineering and Food Science programs). In particular, the paper describes the recent and upcoming modifications that navigate the delivery of generic components, while enabling students to gain insights into industry contexts relevant to their destination profession. It also recognises the importance of early introduction to the professional ecosystem (e.g., institutions such as Engineers Australia and The Institute of Food Technologists) and provides students with a professional identity at the onset of their degree, as a foundation to program-wide treatment of professional skills development, as well as technical content and core discipline skills.


The invention relates to a vehicle system and a method for operating a motor vehicle system. The vehicle system, controlled by control inputs, provides functionalities in the motor vehicle (1) and comprises an interface (9) for acquiring the control inputs and outputting data as well as a control device (5) for controlling the functionalities in accordance with the acquired control inputs. A storage medium (7) on which instructions explaining the functionalities and/or operation are stored is linked to the control device (5). The control device (5) is designed to retrieve instructions from the storage medium (7) and output the same as part of the instructions via the interface (9). The vehicle system (3, 3') can be operated in an assistance mode in which the user inputs are interpreted and evaluated as control inputs for the functionalities while instructions explaining the respective activated functionality and/or other operational options are additionally output at the same time.


Microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In fact, cardiovascular (CV) complications account for a major portion of health care costs in patients with diabetes. Although lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy aimed at CV disease risk factor modification are the mainstay of medical treatment, revascularization (surgical and endovascular) is often necessary to restore tissue perfusion and function. Indeed, nearly 25% of coronary revascularization procedures performed in the U.S. occur in individuals with diabetes (1). Furthermore, diffuse atherosclerosis, impaired ability to form vascular collaterals, and restenosis contribute to higher rates of repeat revascularization in these patients (1). Consequently, cell-based therapy with bone marrow cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) aimed at inducing angiogenesis and reendothelialization is a promising strategy that is under active investigation in both preclinical and clinical studies (2,3).

EPCs constitute a very small subset of circulating blood cells. They are progenitors of endothelial cells and have the ability to proliferate and differentiate to form perfused blood vessels in vivo and tube-like structures in vitro (4). EPC-induced neovascularization in response to tissue hypoxia and injury is a highly coordinated, temporally regulated, and complex set of events that involves mobilization, migration, and homing of EPCs to the target tissue (5,6). Endothelial injury and hypoxia activate the transcription factor hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) to initiate the expression and release of growth factors and chemokines. These include stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-Kit ligand (or SCF), angiopoietin, and interleukin-8 (IL-8), among others (5,6). Platelet aggregation leads to high levels of platelet-derived SDF-1 at the site of endothelial injury (7). EPCs are retained in the bone marrow in distinct niches by their interaction with stromal cells. …


This article examines how bicycle commuting is associated with bike lane access and sociodemographic advantage at the block group level in twenty-two U.S. cities. Using regression models with inter...


Throughout the world, citizens are attempting to improve living conditions using direct participatory measures. Trade unions provide some of the clearest examples of citizens' groups which are challenging the power structure and encouraging democratization. In Chile, Korea, Zambia, Mali, and Poland, unions have been responsible for impressive governmental changes. People have also been working to improve living conditions through nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which have expanded their beneficial influence from 100 million people in the early 1980s to 250 million today. Donors unhappy with official channels for aid have funneled funds between the North and the South in amounts which have increased from US $1 billion in 1970 to $5 billion 1990. NGOs help the poorest of the poor to achieve a measure of self-sufficiency (for example, an NGO provides small loans to landless people in Bangladesh). They also have the flexibility to respond to emergencies with an immediacy denied official channels (for example Oxfam chartered a boatload of food and supplies for Cambodia in 1979), and they remain to provide aid when officialdom has deserted the field (for example, the Red Cross, Save the Children, CARE, Concern, and Medicins Sans Frontieres have been a constant presence in Somalia). By helping marginalized groups claim their rights (for example, land rights for Indians in Ecuador), NGOs empower citizens to improve their lives in countless arenas. NGOs also provide advocacy for the powerless; Amnesty International contributed to the release of 1,296 political prisoners in 1990. Despite the important role of these groups, NGOs operate on a very small scale and can never assume the role of governments. In fact, one of the most important tasks ahead for NGOs may be to act as an intermediary between governments and their citizens. With more aid and partnership support, NGOs will be able to continue to expand their positive influence in the world.


The present invention, to provide a adhesive composition excellent in adhesion to an object, the present invention includes a powder component containing a liquid component containing a polyol compound fillers, dewatering pasty mixture is dehydrated When an aromatic polyisocyanate, an aliphatic polyisocyanate and an aminosilane compound or a reaction product of monoterpene alcohols, dimethyltin catalyst (wherein the formula (1), X


This paper discusses the build-up of a partly cracked cohesive crack-tip element of higher order. The crack tip element is based on the principles of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and is of Linear Strain Triangle (LST) type. The composition of the enrichment has been in focus in order to achieve as complete a description as possible on both sides of the crack. The stress accuracy within the crack tip element has been improved to a level, so that the crack tip stresses can be evaluated locally without introducing nonlocal averaging in the surroundings of the crack tip. The partly cracked element can with a few restrictions in the displacement field be applied as a fully cracked element. The performance of the developed element has been tested against a semianalytical solution of an infinite sheet with an initial flaw in pure tension and per-forms well.


Terrain corrections for gravity data are a critical concern in rugged topography, because the magnitude of the corrections may be large relative to the anomalies of interest. The terrain‐correction process, however, is very tedious. At present, rectangular prism and fan‐shaped prism methods are commonly used for the corrections; but these methods assume elements have horizontal tops, an assumption which does not reflect true topography, especially near the station. A triangular‐element method which allows dipping surfaces has been developed using a Gaussian formulation to improve the correction process. This method involves a simple formula employing a surface rather than a volume integral for computing the terrain corrections with high accuracy.


Neutron diffraction studies of an Er/sub 0.25 Lu/sub 0.25 alloy single crystal at 4.9 to 78 deg K show a transition to a c-axis longitudinal spin wave at 68 deg K and a transition to a slightly distorted antiferromagnetic conical structure at 40 deg K. No ferromagnetic transition was observed down to 4.9 deg K. (auth)


The number of channels of an optical communication system is increasing rapidly. In this paper, the demonstration of a 130-channel demultiplexer based on the cascaded volume holographic gratings is presented. Those gratings are recorded separately in 100-μm thickness photopolymer films, which attached on both sides of a glass substrate. They have different grating periods, slant angles, and center wavelengths. By ultilizing this configuration, the operating wavelength range of the optical demultiplexer could be expanded, and therefore, the number of channels of the holographic demultiplexer is increased. As a result of the experiment, a 0.4-nm-spaced demultiplexer with the channel uniformity of 3.5 dB, the 3dB-bandwidth of 0.12 nm, and the channel crosstalk of -20 dB is experimentally achieved.


Abstract The increased use of cord- and filament-reinforced materials in structural applications during the last few years has resulted in a greater interest in their elastic properties. In part the reason for this may be found by considering the basic nature of redundant structures, in which the loads carried by individual cords are determined to some extent by the elastic characteristics of the entire system. In such situations, a knowledge of elastic characteristics becomes important to structural design practice. As a second reason for increased attention to the elastic properties of such materials, one might cite the body of work which is now developing in the general area of filamentary reinforcement of materials. A knowledge of elastic characteristics is important in obtaining optimum reinforcement properties, and such studies inevitably lead to a clearer understanding of the internal stress-states of all reinforced materials. One result of all this activity is that much of the work done in the are...


The invention relates to a multi-lingual wording search method. Firstly, the most basic syllables or letters composing multi-lingual wording are evenly distributed on a keyboard; the one and only marked word base for each language is established, when the search of wording of certain language is chosen, the corresponding one and only marked word base is transferred; moreover, each word base comprises a character database comprising the most basic syllables or letters composing the wording and a letter database comprising the wording, characters in the character database and letters in the letter database adopt the Unicode coding, while the letter database comprises a plurality of arrays, the n-th array is a wording collection which is included in the n keystroke and takes the most syllables or letters as the beginning; when the letter search module is chosen, the letter database is transferred to search; according to the keystroke information inputted by the keystroke, a storage module is searched and the corresponding search results are outputted; compared with the prior art, the invention has a higher search efficiency.


With its enormous nest structures, the Sociable Weaver is a unique species, an avian engineer. The nests modify climate within the nest chambers, and create substantial areas of shade beneath the nests. Besides the weavers themselves, these structures are exploited and taken advantage of by a remarkable diversity of animals. Thus bird atlas monitoring of the Sociable Weaver is an important initiative, with interest and significance beyond this single species of bird.


Leaf functional traits can reflect adaptation and response of individual plants to environmental variability. In this study, we conducted a 20⁃day artificial fumigation experiment on nine common landscape plant species to examine the response of leaf morphological traits ( individual leaf mass, individual leaf area, and specific leaf area), photosynthetic traits (photosynthetic rate and fluorescence parameters), and chemical traits ( leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, and N ∶ P ratio ) to different NO2 concentration treatments. The experiments showed there were significant differences in the response of different plant leaf traits to NO2 pollution, notably that different plants had different adaptation strategies to deal with NO2 pollution. Leaf traits of the same plant under different concentrations of NO2 varied in the same direction, but were of different magnitudes, which means the response strategy of the same plant to different NO2 concentrations also varied. We found that most leaf trait relationships were consistent with the leaf economic spectrum.


Objective To investigate expressions and relations of p38MAPK,NF-κB and ICAM-1 in the origin and progression of CVS(Cerebral vasospasm) in SAH(Subarachnoid hemorrhage) rabbits.Methods 40 New Zealand pure rabbit were divided into the control groups,the anti-ICAM-1 monoclone antibody treatment group,the NF-κB antagonist treatment group,and the p38MAPK inhibiting group.Models of SAH and CVS were established via double blood injection into the major cistern and the basilar artery(BA) was dissected.Morphological methods,immuno-histochemistry and hybridization in situ were employed to observe the variance of the basilar artery and dynamic expressions of p38MAPK,NF-κB and ICAM-1 in the wall of the BA.Results Stenosis of the BA appeared in the control group,but not in other groups.Intensive expressions of p38MAPK,NF-κB and ICAM-1 were identified by immuno-histochemistry in tunica intima and subintima of BA vessel walls in the control group.In the group treated with the p38MARK inhibitor,expressions of p38MAPK,NF-κB and ICAM-1 were localized in tunica intima and subintima,and expression was slight.After the NF-κB antagonist was administered,expressions of p38MAPK,NF-κB and ICAM-1 were slight in tunica intima and subintima,however,expression of p38MARK appeared in tunica media.In the anti-ICAM-1 monoclone antibody treatment group,there were expressions of p38MAPK and NF-κB in both tunica intima and media,while slight expression of ICAM-1 was observed only in tunica intima and media.Results of hybridization in situ were similar to those of immune-histochemistry.Conclusion Inflammation reaction induced by ICAM-1,which is regulated by p38MAPK and NF-κB,exists in rabbit BA,and plays an important role in the origin and progression of CVS.


The paper investigates the Galerkin method for an initial boundary value problem for heat convection equations. New error estimates for the approximate solutions and their derivatives in strong norm are obtained.


Myelodysplasia syndrome 1 (MDS1) and Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) complex (MECOM) locus encode multiple isoforms of the EVI1 protein that are essential for normal vertebrate development and when inappropriately expressed play a significant role in malignancy and in particular leukaemias. However, the function of individual EVI1 isoforms is not fully understood. Recently, EVI1 or PRDM3, which is structurally closely related to the brown adipose tissue determining factor PRDM16, was shown to be required for differentiation of adipocytes. In this study, we show that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes sustain expression of all Evi1 isoforms examined, including Mds1-Evi1, Evi1FL, Evi1Δ324, Evi1FL + 9 and Evi1Δ105 throughout the adipogenesis differentiation programme. We also show that differentiation markers are enhanced by enforced expression of either Evi1, Evi1FL + 9 or Evi1Δ105 isoforms. Interestingly 3T3-L1 differentiation markers are also moderately enhanced by enforced expression of Evi1Δ324, which lacks part of the N-ter-minal zinc finger domain (ZF1), demonstrating a biological activity for this particular isoform. Enforced expression of an Evi1 mutant lacking C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) co-repressor protein binding activity fails to stimulate 3T3-L1 differentiation markers and may have dominant negative activity, causing partial inhibition of this developmental programme. These studies show that multiple EVI1 isoforms are expressed in adipocytes and can stimulate adipogenic markers in a manner that is partially independent of the ZF1 DNA binding domain but fully dependent upon interaction with co-repressor CtBP proteins.


Lasers that provide a focal volume of a few cubic wavelengths (λ3) create relativistic intensity with maximal gradients, using minimal energy. Simulations indicate that millijoule- and joule-scale laser can generate relativistic electrons and ions, respectively.


Based on the dimensionless flow conductivity(Fcd=1.3~1.6),comprehensive damage coefficient(95%-98%)of fracture,and combining optimized fracture length and linearity sloping sanding programming,the optimization method of sanding concentration in fracturing design was formed.The method was carried out the pilot tests in two wells in west Sichuan area,gas open-flow capacity obtained in Mapeng well A is 13.9657×104 m3/d and that in Mapeng well B is 12.6149×104 m3/d.The method provided a new measure for the determination of sanding concentration in fracturing design.


Diabetes is a sickness that takes place whilst glucose content in your blood is too excessive. Insulin is a hormone made through the pancreas, facilitates to separate glucose from meals get into your bodycells for power. On this we used category set of rules techniques of the device mastering to are expecting the diabetes. Five machine getting to know algorithms namely SVM, selection Tree, NaiveBayes , Log istic Regression and KNN are used to hit upon diabetes. This may be capable of predict the chance degrees of diabetes and gives the first-class getting to know set of rules with better accuracy comparatively different algorithms. ——————————  ——————————


Each chapter features a historical progression of key publications, together with a selected bibliog raphy; in all, more than 1,700 references are cited. Fourteen pages of appendix material offer numer ous details, including even a list of commercial sources for reagents. Although many authors present technical sub jects in an unappealing, monotonous format, Tay lor and his colleagues avoid this problem by thoughtfully distilling information into logical small groupings and by using incisive, colorful prose with insertion of devices for entertainment. If this approach is somewhat overdone, almost to the effect of self-indulgence, the purpose—to main tain the reader's interest—is such a worthy one that such flamboyance is easily forgiven. For example, on the second page is found a Renais sance painting depicting the Roman emperor Ca ligula observing his own mother's autopsy, and at the heading of each chapter is a notable quotation. Those of the author are given about equal space with those of others, including Lewis Carroll, Shakespeare, Virchow, and Osier.


Clinical case report of zero fluoroscopy radiofrequency catheter isolation of supraventricular ectopic foci in patient after orthotopic heart transplantation is presented.


This study was conducted to assess the degree to which verbal prosody may differentially influence verbal processing in DS relative to age and mental-age matched controls. Nine individuals with DS, 7 mental-age matched (DD), and 10 chronological age matched controls (CG) participated in a dichotic free recall paradigm in which words were presented in either a happy, sad or neutral intonation. Results suggest that for all groups the cerebral hemispheres are indeed differentially affected by the presence of prosody in speech. In addition, the atypical RH hemispheric advantage for auditory processing in DS (e.g., Elliott, Weeks & Elliott, 1987) is mediated when verbal stimuli are delivered with prosody.


Abstract The main argument advanced in favour of the Hawke government's reform of higher education, as contained in the recent White Paper, relates to the imperatives of economic restructuring. A more 'relevant' and 'responsive' higher education system is, according to the government, the necessary basis of a more advanced and internationally competitive economy. We argue below, however, that the reforms are premised on a false assumption: that the private sector in Australia is capable of and/or interested in exploiting the expected boost in graduates and research for the purposes of developing new technologies and competitive advantages. Indeed, the government has found it necessary to intervene in a centralist manner to induce the appropriate response in the private sector. This is justified as market‐facilitating. In reality it is an act of faith which contradicts both the capacity and agenda of the private sector in Australia.


Based on the research data of 155 corporation member in Jiangsu province,this thesis analyzed the benefit mechanism and the incentive effects of farmer's specialized cooperative economic organization.The research result indicated that the fundamental motivation of corporation members participating in corporation was the service requirement of producing and sale and the enhancement in market proceeds,most of corporation members paid more attention on the return in contribution of patronage rather than the contribution of capital.Due to the lack of a fair and reasonable benefit mechanism,the majority of members can not be a satisfactory the return in contribution of patronage,the farmer's specialized cooperative economic organization reducing the attraction and cohesion on the members.That were the key factors which influence the stabilized development of cooperation organization.


: In today's business environment, the competition takes place not only between individual businesses but also between business networks. In particular, given that business organizations rarely innovate alone, the innovation process is based on collaborations between creators of products, customers and various other institutions. To achieve and maintain effective collaborations, it is necessary to control the effectiveness of the collaborations between a company and other external entities by measuring it through an appropriate set of indicators. Unfortunately, the research on the evaluation of collaboration in business networks is still limited. The present work aims at contributing to the reduction of this gap by providing a reference model for assessing the effectiveness of collaboration in business networks. This model can be used as a reference model to develop an appropriate set of indicators to control the effectiveness of the collaborations in business networks.


Language technologies (for example, computer-aided and machine translation tools) are now well established in the language industry. Unfortunately, so are questions about their advantages and drawbacks. Many of these appear to be linked to language professionals' control over their work and working environment. We surveyed these professionals to discover how they perceive language technologies' effect on their control over the amount of work they do, the tasks they carry out and the methods they use, the quality of the product, the relationships with clients/employers, and their remuneration. The results reveal that most current users have positive opinions of technologies overall and generally feel that these tools increase their control over their work and working environment (and particularly the quantity and quality of the work). However, hesitations remain, in particular in regard to relationships with clients/employers and remuneration.


In order to minimize energy and control reactions with a view to green chemistry, attempts are being made to make the energy input in chemical systems as efficient as possible. Approaches are being taken and possibilities investigated to use until now scarcely used forms of energy, so-called non-classical energy forms, in order to optimize the duration and product yield and avoid undesired side-products. Teams working in this area are also interested in the energetic aspects of the preparation of starting substances and products and the conditioning of reaction systems (eg surface activation, emulsification, homogenisation, degassing, etc).


In these lectures I will discuss three central topics in quantum chromodynamics: (1) the use of light cone quantization and Fock space methods to determine the long and short-distance structure of quark and gluon distributions within hadrons; (2) the role of spin, heavy quarks, and nuclei in unraveling fundamental phenomenological features of QCD; and (3) a new approach to understanding the scale and scheme dependence of perturbative QCD predictions.


Objective To explore the value of earlier nursing intervention to cure patients with aortic dissection (AD) by summarizing the key points of effective nursing and emergency treatment of the patients.Methods 57 patients with AD were put under medical observation and underwent early nursing intervention with nursing procedures performed.Results Of all the patients under emergency nursing,52 patients were discharged from hospital with full recovery and there were 5 deaths,of which 4 cases resulted from aortic tumor ruptures,embolism and shock,and one case resulted from acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.Conclusion Active and effective nursing intervention in the acute stage of AD is valuable in reducing anxiety,relieving pains in patients and facilitating early treatment of complication.


This paper discusses the necessity and urgency o f the application of dry mixed mortar in building industry as well as its wide a pplication prospect. Author points out that with stable quality and high strengt h level dry mixed mortar can greatly enhance the earthquake resistance of buildi ngs.


This paper presents a high power, high efficiency power amplifier using GaN HEMT class F inverse with harmonic termination network at operating frequency 2.14GHZ. The optimum impedances for input and output 1st,2nd, and 3rd harmonics were extracted using load and source pull analysis. Effect of with and without harmonic termination on the performance of class F inverse power amplifier is evaluated by its output power, PAE and gate stress. Propose class F inverse amplifier is fabricated on RO4350B. Measured results indicate that class F inverse power amplifier has achieved high output power 36.3dBm with high efficiency of 71%.


The author has observed 3 cases where after epidemic encephalitis periodic attacks of hunger developed. In all cases these attacks were combined with rigid-akinetic syndrome, vegetative disorders and compulsive laughter.


State attorneys general, situated at the intersection of the state and federal governments, are increasingly the subject of scholarly inquiry. Yet, little work examines what prompts them to participate as amici. The decision to participate as amici reveals important information about how state actors attempt to shape outcomes at the federal level. We investigate how the broader policy-making environment facilitates and constrains AG amicus brief initiation and joining. Analyzing all orally argued Fourth Amendment cases from 1970 to 2009, we find the characteristics of the policy-making environment shape AG amicus activity. Initiation is predicted by institutional resources; whereas joining is the product of legal case facts and institutional resources. Because prior research notes larger attorney general coalitions are more successful, we highlight the complexity of amicus participation by state actors and speak to the conditions under which state actors can mobilize large coalitions to shape federal search and seizure case law.


It was found that Woo was about the same for the high current as for the low current units. This means that the maximum height 2a of the open channels must be about the same for all units. The differences in current must then be explained by a nonuniform value of 2a; the low current units should have a much smaller minimum height than the high current units. An accurate calculation of sach a nonuniform model is quite difficult; as a first approximation one could try a model with two FET's in parallel, one with a pinch-off voltage TVI~ and the other with a pinch-off voltage


This study aims to analyze how my own composing developed when I wrote music for a new context. For about seven months, I wrote jazzmusic for a septet, which was something I had never done before. I documented the process by keeping a logbook in which I noted my thoughts and experiences as the work progressed. Some audio recording was also made in support of the composition process. Then I analyzed the elements of the composition process that was affected from a phenomenological hermeneutic perspective. These parts, which shifted between my own creativity to those aspects which have a more mechanical and monotonous character, will be presented in the results. Both creative parts and the skill development were key aspects I had to work on to be able reach my goal. In the discussion, I will then treat the result's content based on phenomenology and past research on composition, arranging and creativity.


High voltage circuit breaker is the most important control and protection equipment in power system. Northern winter weather is cold, and the breaker mechanism box relies on the heating device to raise the temperature, thus ensure the normal operation of the circuit breaker. Now the heating plate of the 100W aluminum alloy is adopted, it is easy to damage, therefore, how to improve the electric heating plate has become an urgent problem to be solved. Under the premise of the original appearance, the internal heat radiating element is changed into a drawer type electrothermal film module of silicon rubber. The outer package of the module is provided with a concave aluminum envelope, its bottom is equipped with a pilot lamp for working status indicator, this module can be used as long as it is inserted into the groove of the original heating plate, the service life is long, and the replacement is convenient.


The strengthening frame has dividing-positioning, which are placed in interior parts in a round to hold the rounds for avoiding their displacement. The multiple stirrups, which are manufactured and positioned by single direction or double direction forging.


For politicians, shaking hands, kissing babies, cutting ribbons and being on the receiving end of angry diatribes
from unhappy members of the public, all come with the territory. But women parliamentarians have been speaking
up and speaking out about a particularly gendered form of social media bullying, harassment and threats that
appear to have become more prevalent. In this roundtable three current or former women parliamentarians discuss
the abuse they've encountered, how they've responded to it, and what they believe needs to be done to combat it.


T he number of hospitalists in academic medical centers has grown rapidly, producing a field with few senior members, potentially impeding the academic success and career sustainability of academic hospitalists, not to mention contributing to burnout. However, little is known about career promotion, job satisfaction, stress, and rates of burnout in academic hospital medicine or how these factors affect scholarly success and productivity.


BACKGROUND: Many disability researchers have advocated for the use of assistive technology to enhance quality of life for persons with disabilities. However, it has been documented that minorities and veterans are two groups that underutilize