This study investigated the barriers faced by working class females in their participation in sport. Results were obtained through qualitative life history interviews of five participants who met the criteria of being both a female and working class with history involvement in sport through self-identification. The findings showed that all five participants experienced similar barriers based on the sociological factors that caused them to be less privileged in sport. Yet, all five participants reported to have self-managed and overcome these barriers to sustain their participation and involvement in sport usually by parental support and adjustment of lifestyle factors. Findings showed that there was an acknowledgement to being less privileged in terms of their economic capital and demands of different sporting environments but despite these issues, participation within sport still became a core part of the participants lives just through a slightly more considered approach. The study found a couple of implications that using life history interviews with the age of the participants caused a slightly more limited range of information. Further research would also need to look at those non-participating working class females and to focus on the barriers they face as opposed to the ones who are already in sport. Conclusions were made upon all participants reporting to have experienced barriers to some extent and that similar ways to overcome these usually through economic alterations, allowed participation to be sustained. Future research needs to focus on the ways to establish more equal opportunities within sport regardless of sociological factors such as social class and gender.


Summary form only given. Multipactor and plasma discharge at windows are the major limiting factors in high power microwave HPM transmission and radiation[1-6]. Breakdown at the vacuum/dielectric interface is triggered by multipactor and finally realized by plasma avalanche in the ambient desorbed or evaporated gas layer above the dielectric1-10.The timeand space-dependent optical emissions of nanosecond high-power microwave discharges near a dielectric/air interface have been observed by nanosecond response four-framing ICCD cameras. The experimental observations indicate that plasma developed more intensely at the dielectric/air interface than at the free-space region with a higher electric-field amplitude. A thin layer of intense light emission above the dielectric was observed after the microwave pulse. The mechanisms of the new breakdown phenomena are analyzed by an electromagnetic field modeling and an electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation, and the nonlinear positive feedbacks of ionization, higher electron mobility and ultraviolet-driven photoemission due to the elevated electron temperature are crucial for achieving the ultrafast discharge.


With the biodiversity conservation and the elimination adverse effects of urbanization,the structure and changes of urban forest have attracted wide attention.Base on a large number of plots detailed investigations,this paper study plant flora of urban forest in Shenzhen SEZ.The results show that seed plant divided 13 types and 14subtypes in Shenzhen SEZ.Tropical components are totally comprised of 220 genuses(80%),357species(83.2%),which displayed strongly tropical feature.Euphobiaceae,Arecaceae,Moraceae,Lauraceae,Myrtaceae,Fabaceae,Papilionaceae,Rubiaceae,Theaceae,Gramineae,Mimosaceae and Magnoliaceae are dominant,which occupied 108 genuses(34.59%) and 182 species(40.9%).Ficus occupied the highest species(18 species),following is Ilex(9 species),Hibiscus(6 species),Syzygium(6 species)and Machilus(6 species),which account for 1.73% in total genus and 10.11% in total species.Seed plant divided 13 types and 14 subtypes in Shenzhen SEZ.Tropical components are totally comprised of 220 genuses(80%),357 species(83.2%),which displayed strongly tropical feature.Urban vegetation is important self-cleaning component in urban system,which was strongly affected by urbanization,not only habitat fragmentation and changing land cover/land use but species composition.Different vegetation structure in different land use type result from human disturbance in small scale.


0 20 40 60 80 100  Predicted proportion (90% simulation interval) of patients with <50 copies/mL HIV-1 RNA at 24 weeks were simulated as 90.0% (83.9%-96.0%), 96.0% (90.0%-100.0%), and 96.0% (92.0%-100.0%) at 10, 25 and 50 mg QD of DTG, respectively, and 92.0% (85.9%-96.0%) at 400 mg BID of RAL.  The model well described the observed virologic response for SPRING and STARTMARK.  The simple PK/PD model for virologic response, which was developed previously based on the estimates from Phase 2a 10-day monotherapy studies[1], was extended for long-term prediction in treatment naive patients. Figure 1. A Model of Long-term prediction for Integrase Inhibitors


Osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation are coordinated as a coupled mechanism to effect the development of bone and to maintain bone homeostasis. Recently reported Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling between osteoclasts and osteoblasts plays a pivol role in bone homeostasis and casts new light on coupling of bone resorption and bone formation, which is gaining more and more attention in researches of bone biology and bone diseases. The present article aims to address the researches on the Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts with molecular constitution, mechanism of the signal transduction, biological significance and so on.


Based on the seepage theory,a dewatering scheme of foundation pit engineering in Beijing was designed,amount and space of well were obtained.And building settlement of surrounding foundation pit was forecasted,the validity of the method was proved by compared with site measured result.


An irreversible cycle model of a two-stage absorption refrigerator is set up and used to analyze the performance of the refrigerator affected by the irreversibility of finite-rate heat transfer and the internal irreversibility of the working material.The total thermal conductance of the six heat exchangers is taken as an objective for optimization.The minimum total thermal conductance is described in terms of the rate of the entropy changes of the six heat reservoirs,and then an analogue of the second law of thermodynamics is derived.The optimal relation among the rate of cooling load,the coefficient of performance and the total thermal conductance is achieved.The influence of the internal irreversibility on the performance of the system is discussed.The results obtained can describe the optimal performance of a two-stage absorption refrigerator affected simultaneously by the internal and external irreversibilities and can provide some new theoretical approach of the optimization design and performance improvement of real two-stage absorption refrigerator.


Recent solar cell fabrication results based on a scalable hybrid sputtering and evaporation deposition process are described. A method for controlling adhesion problems, which are a major cause of poor device performance is presented based on a two-phase back contact substrate metallization; and results of transmission electron microscopy analyses of epitaxial CuInSe/sub 2/ are described. Polycrystalline CuInSe/sub 2/ was deposited on Mo or Cu-Mo coated glass. Single crystal CuInSe/sub 2/ was grown on GaAs substrates. The use of Cu-Mo two phase back contacts significantly improved adhesion of our CuInSe/sub 2/ films to the substrates. The best heterojunction solar cell produced to date on Cu-Mo has an efficiency of 10.0%. Cell performance uniformity was also improved relative to results on pure Mo. Single crystal CuInSe/sub 2/ grown on GaAs (111)A substrates showed very rough surface morphologies. Films on GaAs (111)B were smooth with occasional triangular pyramidal islands. The most stable faces of CuInSe/sub 2/ are concluded to be the Se-terminated (112) planes.<<ETX>>


Most fault resolution systems for communications networks represent fault resolution expertise using a rule-based reasoning (RBR) paradigm. Although the RBR paradigm is appropriate for problem-solving tasks that are confined and well-understood, its limitations are an inability to learn from experience, an inability to deal with novel problems, and the difficulty of updating the systems to keep up with rapidly changing domains such as expanding heterogeneous networks. A case-based reasoning (CBR) application that is less constrained by these limitations is described. The approach taken is to enhance a standard fault management system with a CBR component, CBR techniques for retrieving, adapting, and embedding knowledge in a case library are reviewed, and CRITTER, a CBR trouble ticketing system for managing and resolving network faults, is described.<<ETX>>


A probability model of radar target recognition by calculating the warp form the recognition result and the actual recognition results is established,and then calculation method of target identification and analysis of examples are given.Studies show that improving the accuracy of radar measurements should be the primary way and the characteristics library should be also reasonable to set a suitable number of samples to match the resolution of radar harmoniously.


Statement of the problem. Solving the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of parents requires studying the request for psychological assistance from their side. In our opinion, this can be done by studying the social perceptions of modern parents about various aspects of the phenomenon of parenthood. The purpose of the article is to describe the semantic core of modern parents' ideas about encouragement, punishment, and requirements as components of raising children in the family. Materials and methods. The research methodology is presented by the concept of social representations by S. Moscovici, as well as synthesized research in the field of social representations by Russian and foreign scientists (K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, G.M. Andreeva, E.Y. Artemyeva, M.I. Volovikova, T.P. Yemelyanova,L.G. Pochebut, J.K. Abrik, P. Verges, D. Jodle). Research results. The analysis of the results shows that the semantic core is the idea that the main task and responsibility of parents is to educate the child, and for this they can use methods of encouragement and punishment, moreover, they have the right to control and punish the child. The main tasks of different methods of education (requirements, prohibitions, punishments, incentives) is maintaining the authority of parents, taking care of the child's safety, encouraging good behavior, good learning, and obedience of the child. These ideas tend to the traditional Russian understanding of the parent as an educator. Along with this, there is an appearance of ideas about non-mandatory education, the need to develop an educational strategy, and the need to avoid child-centered behavior. Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to make a request for the content of psychological and pedagogical support for parents within the educational system and psychological assistance services. Knowledge of modern parenting's social concepts of parenting methods allows parents to develop education that is appropriate to their characteristics and needs.


This study aims to produce valid guided discovery-based math worksheets on rectangular material. This type of research is development research. This research consists of three stages of development, definition, design, and development. This study's subjects were class VII students of SMP Negeri 3 Rambah Hilir in the second semester of the 2019/ 2020 school year. The instrument used in this study was a validation questionnaire sheet. Discovery-based worksheets guide the results of this study. Based on the validity test of the guided discovery-based student worksheet carried out on three validators with several revisions and improvements, the average score of the guided discovery-based student worksheet validation was 3.73 with a very valid category. So it can be concluded that guided discovery-based worksheets are very valid.


We investigate quantum dynamics with projective measurements using the Stinespring formalism, which affords significant technical advantages and conceptual insight into hybrid dynamics. We consider spectral properties as well as commonly used and experimentally tractable probes of phase structure and universality, finding that all of these probes are blind to the effects of measurement in nonadaptive hybrid protocols. Essentially, if the outcomes of measurements are not utilized, their effect is no different than chaotic time evolution, on average, precluding measurement-induced phases of matter. We therefore consider adaptive circuits, in which gates depend on the outcomes of prior measurements via active feedback, finding nontrivial examples of order related to symmetry and topology with connections to quantum computing. However, transitions as a function of measurement rate do not appear possible with maximally chaotic time evolution; we identify nonrandom adaptive hybrid protocols as the leading candidate for genuine, measurement-induced transitions between distinct phases of matter.


We will discuss the internationalization policy of Katholieke Hogeschool Leuven,
department of Business and Management Studies to offer (at least) one international
experience to every undergraduate student. After having presented the general political
and social background of this policy, we will review the different internationalization
initiatives and the possibilities for students and staff members to participate. Finally,
we will discuss the implications of this policy for the organization arguing for a broad
and structural integration of internationalization initiatives at all levels of departmental
organization.


A health promotion service of hospitals and Tambon Health Promoting Hospitals provide health services by fi xing date and time according to convenience of service providers. People in the same family have to receive the services several times, causing a waste of time and expenses. Therefore, the researcher did a participatory action research to study the possibility  and develop an integrated model on health services Tambon Health Promoting Hospital provided to centers that serre three generation of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The researcher used knowledge management and creation of participation as development tools from December 2008-September 2009. The research results were as followed : Three health centers could integrate three generations' Tambon Health Promoting Hospital work with services of the health center. Factors affecting success were intention and sacrifice of the Tambon Health Promoting Hospital personnel, strength of village health volunteers and the use of social capitals to develop work. Keywords : Three Generation Center, integrated model on health services.


Is adaptation studies a discipline? Or might we characterize it a bit more loosely, as a subspecialty that recognizes traditional disciplinai boundaries, even while it frequently crosses them? Or, perhaps, is it something even more mercurial than this - at heart, an impulse that understanding the way meaning, narrative, or otherwise, moves across and through media might have something to contribute to our collective knowledge? In recent years, our field has found itself reaching for selfdefinition, less stable in this regard than the dynamism at the heart of contemporary cinema studies, traditionally the discipline most closely aligned with adaptation, save literature. As other writers have noted, essays in adaptation studies often begin by trying to articulate some sense of what the fields central methodologies, if not also its objects of study, should be, and while one finds this tendency in other disciplines, our own seems particularly inclined toward a lack of clarity about what lies within its purview and what might be just beyond it. Perhaps this is in part what attracts us in the first place - a sense of possibility for scholars, both novice and experienced, to take part in conversations about the very foundations of our inquiries. A new, highly engaging volume in adaptation studies should interest readers of this journal not only for the ways it raises these and other related subjects but also for the quality of its individual readings : True to the Spirit: Film Adaptation and the Question of Fidelity, edited by Colin MacCabe, Kathleen Murray, and Rick Warner. Here is a book on adaptation studies, published by one of the most prestigious academic presses (Oxford UP) and collecting some of the most important voices in cinema studies (in addition to MacCabe, Dudley Andrew, Tom Gunning, James Naremore, Laura Mulvey), critical theory (Fredric Jameson, appearing in an afterword), and several new voices who generally live up to MacCabe s ample billing in the preface. For these reasons alone, adaptation studies scholars will want to read it, and we hope to provide a review in a future issue of LFQ. A particularly fascinating aspect of the book, in light of the issues described at the outset, is the way that adaptation studies is characterized by these scholars, and given that many of them are known probably more for work in cinema studies rather than adaptation studies (even if both Andrew and Naremore have made important and often cited contributions to the latter), one might consider the book to be a window onto the way cinema studies views what happens in adaptation studies. (If, like me, you consider yourself belonging to both cinema studies and adaptation studies, the window will equally at times feel like a mirror, or one turned upon another, in a mise-en-abyme of one's own intellectual interests.) Looking into the window (or mirror), one finds a major assumption upended: the call to break free of fidelity, once thought to place a writer at the fields theoretical forefront, is now, the collection suggests, an ultimately retrograde position, with fidelity now assuming a centrality (and even a novelty) it has not seen in some time. Given that this largely goes against much of what adaptation studies has argued in recent years (with some exceptions, such as David L. Kranz and Nancy C. Mellerski s collection In/Fidelity), my only wish of this provocative volume would be that it had discussed the history of adaptation studies more than it does. But this, of course, depends in part upon a recognition of adaptation studies as & field - a recognition, as this introduction suggests, I am not at all sure is certain, at least within cinema studies more generally. It would seem True to the Spirit signals that we are more than ever at the crossroads Thomas Leitch identified in his impressive critical survey published three years ago in Adaptation; the terms of our discourse, the collection indicates, are still very much in the process of being defined. …


Background: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide. Houseflies are potential carriers of pathogenic and resistant bacteria and could be contributing to the global spread of these strains in the environments. We investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistant profiles of bacteria isolated from houseflies in Akure. Methods: Twenty-five houseflies were captured by a sterile nylon net from the slaughterhouse, garbage dump, human house, hospital, and eatery from 9:00am to 1:00pm when the flies were active and transported immediately to the laboratory in sterile containers for processing. Bacterial loads were enumerated by serial dilution and plating on nutrient agar and selective media. Bacteria species were isolated by conventional isolation technique. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: Sixty-seven bacterial species were isolated from 25 samples that were collected. The predominant bacterial species was Escherichia coli (n= 31, 45%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n= 17, 25%), Staphylococcus aureus (n= 11, 16%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n= 3, 4.3%). The bacterial load of the samples ranged from 9.7×105CFU/mL to 1.65×106CFU/mL. The results revealed that all isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp, and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to streptomycin and cotrimoxazole, augmentin and amoxicillin respectively. None of the S. aureus isolates was resistant to cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, sparfloxacin, augmentin, and ofloxacin. All isolates were multi-drug resistant. Conclusion: House flies that were collected from the slaughterhouse, garbage dump, human house, hospital, and eatery may participate in the dispersal of pathogenic and resistant bacteria in the study environment.


Not only are Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) black box models, but also we frequently conceptualize them as such. We lack good interpretations of the mechanisms linking inputs to outputs. Therefore, we find it difficult to analyze in human-meaningful terms (1) what the network learned and (2) whether the network learned. We present a hierarchical decomposition of the DNN discrete classification map into logical (AND/OR) combinations of intermediate (True/False) classifiers of the input. Those classifiers that can not be further decomposed, called atoms, are (interpretable) linear classifiers. Taken together, we obtain a logical circuit with linear classifier inputs that computes the same label as the DNN. This circuit does not structurally resemble the network architecture, and it may require many fewer parameters, depending on the configuration of weights. In these cases, we obtain simultaneously an interpretation and generalization bound (for the original DNN), connecting two fronts which have historically been investigated separately. Unlike compression techniques, our representation is. We motivate the utility of this perspective by studying DNNs in simple, controlled settings, where we obtain superior generalization bounds despite using only combinatorial information (e.g. no margin information). We demonstrate how to "open the black box" on the MNIST dataset. We show that the learned, internal, logical computations correspond to semantically meaningful (unlabeled) categories that allow DNN descriptions in plain English. We improve the generalization of an already trained network by interpreting, diagnosing, and replacing components the logical circuit that is the DNN.


In the present work, p-PbSe thin films were prepared by using thermal evaporation technique at room temperature on n-type silicon substrate under vacuum of 10 mbar. Thickness of the film is 600 nm. The fabricated devices were subjected to post-deposition annealing at (303, 333, 363 and 393) K and 45 min. The effect of annealing temperature on the electrical properties of PbSe/n-Si junctions was studied. The electrical properties included the capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. C-V characteristics suggest that the fabricated devices were abrupt type. The built in potential (Vbi) was determined by extrapolation from 1/C-V curve to the point (V=0. It was equal to (0.7V) at room temperature and was calculated under different annealing temperatures, while from I-V measurements, the ideality factor (β) is calculated. ةص خلا ثحبلا اذھ يف ، نم ةقيقر ةيشغأ ترضح p-PbSe ةجرد يف غارفلا يف يرارحلا ريخبتلا ةينقتب نوكيلسلا نم دعاوق ىلع ةفرغلا ةرارح n-type silicon طغض تحت 10 راب يلم . شغلا كمس دودحب ءا 600 nm . نيدلتلا ةرارح تاجرد ريثأت سرد (303, 333, 363 and 393) K صئاصخلا ىلع نيجھلا قرفملل ةيئابرھكلا PbSe/n-Si . ةعس صئاصخ تلمش يتلا هيئابرھكلا صئاصخلا سايق مت ةيتلوف ) C-V ( رايت صئاصخو ةيتلوف ) I-V .( نمو سايق ةعس – ةيتلوف حضتا نأ فملا قر نم عونلا داحلا متو باسح دھج ءانبلا يلخادلا (Vbi) نم لMخ ذخا دادتما 1/C -V هطقنلا ىلا (V=0) غلب ثيح (0.7V) ةفرغلا ةرارح ةجرد دنع ، ةفلتخم نيدلت ةرارح تاجرد تحت هباسح متو ، لماع باسح مت امنيب ةيلاثملا (β) رايت تاسايق نم ةيتلوف .


The invention provides a novel method for synthesizing a vitamin B1 hydrochloride. The method comprises the following steps of: treating a vitamin B1 sulfate aqueous solution by adopting an ion exchange resin; removing sulfate radicals; and concentrating and crystalizing to prepare the vitamin B1 hydrochloride. Due to the adoption of the method, the conventional process for producing a vitamin B1 hydrochloride by transforming from thiamine mononitrate is eliminated, residues of an organic solvent in a product are avoided since an organic solvent is not adopted, a process for preparing acid methanol from hydrochloric acid gas by using chlorosulfonic acid is eliminated simultaneously, and environmental pollution is lowered.


The clinical reactions of tetanus antitoxin(TAT) were observed on 450 cases of outpatients injected TAT. The results showed that the false-positive-rates and the positive-rates of skin test were 13.3% and 0.9% respectively, no allergic reactive cases were observed. The results indicated that there were no corelation between positive rate of intracutaneous test and sytemic allergic reactions after injection of TAT with age and sex factors.


In a recent experiment, Davis (1965) interprets his data to mean that the lengthened reaction times usually obtained in response to the second of a pair of closely spaced stimuli are conclusively due to some sort of central refractoriness produced by the first stimulus. He bases this conclusion on a situation in which the first response is made ad libitma without the usual firststimulus while the stimulus for the second response is triggered by the first response after a variable delay. Since he finds that RT shows little change as a function of these delays when there is no first stimulus, while it showed appreciable change when there was a first stimulus (Davis, 1957, 1g59), he concludes that lengthened RT's in the two stimulus situation are "due to the effects of the first stimulus and not to the distribution of interstimulus intervals." However, the Davis experiment is not conclusive as he maintains because the nature of preparation as well as the speed with which it develops may depend on more than the quantitative characteristics of a distribution of time intervals, it may depend on the events which bound the intervals as well. For the purpose of preparation the interval between an ad lib. response and a subsequent stimulus may not be equivalent to the interval between two stimuli or the interval between a stimuluselicited response and a subsequent stimulus. Therefore, the omission of a stimulus may not be decisive for either Davis's point of view or one which emphasizes preparation. This ambiguity might be eliminated by a control experiment using the same distribution of intervals in relation to the first response but in which the first response would be made to a stimulus rather than ad lib. If RT of the second response varied as a function of interval it would support the present criticism since any prolongation of the second RT for stimuli occurring after the first response could not be readily attributed to the type of refractoriness which Davis hypothesizes. His earlier experiments (1957, 1959) which show a tendency for the second RT to change even when the second stimulus followed the first response suggest the possibility of finding this result. On the other hand, even if RT did not show any change, it could be argued for both Davis's (1965) experiment as well as the suggested control that a distribution of intervals between first response and subsequent stimulus is not equivalent to the same distribution in which the second stimulus can occur prior to the first response. It could be argued that for the purposes of preparation, the former distribution has a longer mean interval and a somewhat different shape, since the first response time whether made ad lib. (as in Davis's experiment) or to a stimulus (as in the suggested control) is added to every interval in the distribution.


Electrorefining of plutonium, containing gallium and other impurities, was conducted in a CaCk melt at 850°C. Eight operations gave an average yield of 90 %. Previously, NaCl-KCl at 750°C has been used for this process. Yields in NaCl-KCl are reported as 73 - 75 %. The greater yield in CaCb relative to NaCl-KCl is attributed to the increased operating temperature and consequent later onset of solid plutonium/ gallium phases within the anode, A further three electrorefining runs gave rise to poorly coalesced metal. In these operations, the feed metal contained a greater quantity of dross material, such as oxide. the composition of the electrorefining operations which resulted in high current efficiencies. in alkaline earth chloride (7,8,9). No such complex found in NaCl-PuCl 3 (10,11). Benz et al demonstrated the formation of at least two compounds, including K 3 PUCI 6 and perhaps K 2 PUCI 5 , in their studies of PuCh in KC1 (12) Spectroscopic evidence suggests the lanthanide and actinide chlorides exist as networks of distorted LnCle3' or AnCU3' octahedra bound by their edges in alkali halide melts (13,14) The attractive coulombic Ln3+ - X' and repulsive X' - X" interactions influence the degree of distortion of these octahedra. Fujii et al observed a change in the co-ordination status of NdC^ in LiCl-KCl as a function of both temperature and Ca2+ addition to the melt (15). As the ionic radius decreases and the cationic charge increases on substituting potassium by calcium (group I to group II), the charge-to-size ratio of the cations in the electrolyte increase. A high charge-to-size ratio is associated with a strongly polarizing cation. Ca 2+ is therefore likely to change the co-ordination status of


Feed Me Pronto is here to fix the problem of current unhealthy convenience store options, expensive health food offerings and a fragmented food industry that typically entails healthy grab-and-go as a secondary focus. Founder, Morgan Pieper, wants to put


Atomic arrangements in amorphous metals and alloys are discussed in terms of continous dense random packing model structures. Constraints which may be introduced into computer generated hard sphere packings to insure tetrahedron perfection are described. The agreement between experiment and computer generated binary dense‐random‐packing‐of‐hard‐spheres models which emphasise nearest neighbor tetrahedral ordering is encouraging. Such models reproduce the observed, composition dependent structural features seen in the radial distribution functions of amorphous rare each metal − transition metal alloys.


Neurodegenerative disorders, including chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, are associated with neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction. Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic, induces neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Astrocytes are key players in supporting neuronal development, synaptogenesis, axonal growth, metabolism and, potentially, mitochondrial health. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytes transfer healthy mitochondria to neurons after cisplatin treatment to restore neuronal health. We used an in vitro system in which astrocytes containing mito-mCherry-labeled mitochondria were co-cultured with primary cortical neurons damaged by cisplatin. Culture of primary cortical neurons with cisplatin reduced neuronal survival and depolarized neuronal mitochondrial membrane potential. Cisplatin induced abnormalities in neuronal calcium dynamics characterized by increased resting calcium levels, reduced calcium responses to stimulation with KCl, and slower calcium clearance. The same dose of cisplatin that caused neuronal damage did not affect astrocyte survival or astrocytic mitochondrial respiration. Co-culture of cisplatin-treated neurons with astrocytes increased neuronal survival, restored neuronal mitochondrial membrane potential, and normalized neuronal calcium dynamics especially in those neurons that had received mitochondria from astrocytes. These beneficial effects of astrocytes were associated with transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to cisplatin-treated neurons. The Rho-GTPase Miro-1 is known to contribute to mitochondrial motility and transfer. We show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Miro-1 in astrocytes reduced mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons and prevented the normalization of neuronal calcium dynamics. In conclusion, we identified transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons damaged by cisplatin as an important repair mechanism to protect cortical neurons against the toxic effects of this chemotherapeutic. Significance statement Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a serious health problem and little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Especially neurons are very sensitive to cisplatin treatment. We show that astrocytes can protect neurons damaged by cisplatin by improving neuronal survival, mitochondrial health, and calcium dynamics in vitro. This beneficial effect of astrocytes is dependent on the transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to the damaged neurons. Our findings provide evidence for an important endogenous protective neuro-glial mechanism that could contribute to prevention of neuronal death as a result of cisplatin treatment and thereby aid in sustaining brain health of patients during chemotherapy.


Malta Medical Journal Volume 26 Issue 03 2014 Abstract Objective: Tobacco is leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Hospitals have a key role to play in the effective control of tobacco. The aim of this survey was to identify the barriers in implementing a smoke free hospital. Methods: The tool used was a modified Fagerstrom questionnaire. These questionnaires were distributed to all employees at the main state hospital. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS software using frequency tables, univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The response rate was 55.1%. The findings showed that 27.1% of male staff and 24.8% of female staff are active smokers. 22.2% of smokers refrain from smoking in hospital. The highest percentage of smokers was in the youngest age group (18-25 years). The highest prevalence of smoking was found in nurses (23.6%), followed by doctors (10.4%). A positive finding was that 25.7% of current non-smokers were exsmokers with the greatest incentive to quit being for health reasons. Most members of staff were aware of the adverse effects of smoking and a number had symptoms suggestive of smoking-related pathology. Conclusion: Hospital staff mirror the general population with respect to smoking prevalence, habits and co morbidities. This indicates that further initiatives are required to decrease the number of health professionals who smoke, as these should ideally be role models for patients, and hence be able to effectively support patients in quitting smoking.


A pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. There is no pathologic M0 for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


ABSTRACT Hiking is a system of spatial behaviour. This study explores hiking as practiced along the Israel National Trail and posits that hiking and the hikers' community together constitute a 'social world'. Our study asked three primary research questions: As the mobility of hiking is typically contextualized within the social world of the pastime, how has the conceptualizations of social world and mobility contributed to the research? What are the characteristics, features, processes and constructs of the social world of hiking a national trail? What is the role of culture, sociability, nation, place and place identity in this specific social world? The study was implemented using two complimentary methods: the quantitative and qualitative analysis of questionnaires and a phenomenological method of participant observation and 60 semi-structured in-person interviews conducted over 20 days of hiking between 2015 and 2016, as one of the authors hiked the trail. The combination of these methods allowed a deeper understanding of the hikers' social world. The major finding was that Israeli hikers reflect distinct features of a social world, including involvement, commitment and sense of place. A comparison of our findings with other studies and theories of hiking highlights the prominence of place identity in hiking.


Many local or multinational companies in Indonesia generally had used outsourcing service or product in order to gain competitive advantages in the market. Many researches had found that sooner or later outsourcing might play important role for the company itself. Moreover, in the future prediction, outsourcing not only becomes a short-term solution but also long-term decision inside the company. This writing will explain more for outsourcing in terms of security service, what are the background, training application, and the desirable point by outsourcing this type of business. There are three essentials point in capital budgeting that managers should take a deeper view before making decision, there are net present value. IRR and Payback Period analysis to calculate either the inveshnent in outsourcing is worth it or not. Recommendation given is developing its own security forces in order to reduce cost from hiring high trained security guards.


Although economists have analyzed earnings, unemployment, and labor force participation for manic-depressives, occupational choice has yet to be explored. There are psychiatric case studies focusing on occupational creativity, but they likely suffer from selection bias. We employ two populationbased data sets and estimate a multinomial logit model of occupational outcomes matched to a measure of occupational creativity. Manic-depressives appear to be disproportionately concentrated in the most creative occupational category, which we confirm by estimating nonparametric kernel densities of occupational creativity for bipolar and non-bipolar samples. We find significant differences; the probability of employment in creative jobs is higher for bipolar than non-bipolar workers.


Abstract An ergodic flow is said to have the weak Pinsker property if it admits a decreasing sequence of factors whose entropies tend to zero and each of which has a Bernoulli complement. We show that this property is preserved under taking factors and d-limits. In addition, we show that a flow has the weak Pinsker property whenever one ergodic transformation in the flow has this property.


Sixteen growing Angora male kids weighed average 14.5 kg live body weight and aged about seven months were divided into four similar groups (4 kids each) to carry out of feeding trial. The kids were assigned randomly to fed one of the following four experimental rations: Four digestibility trials were carried out by using three animals from each group at the end of the feeding trial to evaluate the experimental rations. Results indicated that digestibility of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) and nutritive values as total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude protein (DCP) improved by adding bentonite clay to the concentrate mixtures. Values of pH were unaffected, while ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) in all groups that fed diets containing urea comparing with the control group, but the groups fed the diets containing bentonite (G3 and G4) had a lower (P<005) NH 3 -N concentration comparing with those fed ration containing urea without bentonite (G2). However, total ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA's) concentrations indicated a contrarily trend with that of NH 3 -N for G3 and G4 compared to G2. and globulin concentrations decreased (P<0.05) by addition of bentonite, while most of blood constituents slightly fluctuated by adding bentonite to concentrate ration. Average daily gain, dry matter intake and nitrogen retention, were improved by adding bentonite compared to the ration containing urea-only. Feed conversion efficiency (kg DM/kg gain) increased by 15.96 and 23.48%, also economical efficiency increased by 18.62 and 33.51%, however, feed cost decreased by 15.76 and 25.14% for groups 3 and 4 (fed rations containing bentonite), respectively compared to group 2 (fed ration containing urea without bentonite).


A lt hou g h so m e re s e arc h s t ud i e s show y ea r s of ex p er i e n c e im p r ove a t e a c h er' s teaching; today's society requires the distance between the new and expert teacher, to get shorter and shorter, with optimum university training, enabling a quick efficient manner to adjust to teaching. The aim of this paper is to study the problems of the Teacher Training student from the Education and Humanities Faculty of Melilla during work experience.  To this effect a survey has been created which students and Faculty graduates have completed. The result of this has been a clear lack of professionalization. Whereby we have concluded three months' student teaching practice is insufficient to solve these problems, which we  feel  should be  settle  prior to  completion of their university studies.


The study examined preschoolers development on naive theory of biology at the dimension of growth cognition, and also the individual difference and inrta-individual difference. The results showed that: (1) Preschoolers gradually formed naive theory of biology. (2) Children under different educational conditions performed differently on growth cognition; Younger children were more easily influenced by tasks, while the older children had smaller intra-individual differences.


The Studio is the place for making and creating at SIGGRAPH 2011. Roll your sleeves up and get hands on in this three-ring circus of technological wonders. An amazing space where experts, attendees, and the latest technologies are brought together to create new works, experiment, and collaborate. Leave your old work behind, come to The Studio, and create something new.


Bearing in mind that Serbia is dealing with serious and challenging development issues, especially scarce of financial resources, it is extremely important to establish institutional and legal framework for drawing financial means from European Union regional policy funds. The importance and potential support of these funds for Serbia is visible through the fact that European Union financial capacity for the purposes of the equal regional development is more ten times bigger than Serbian yearly GDP. One of basic prerequisites for stable and continuous social and economic development is equal regional growth of all parts of country and as one of basic European values should contribute to planning and application of development policy. As of 2010 Serbia has 5 statistical regions with strong multilevel disparities. One of the key challenges in the future will be to find the way to mitigate differences and European Union regional funds will play inevitable roll. The authors are trying to identify, to analyze and to emphasize decisive obstacles in drawing and exploiting recourses from regional funds. These obstacles are particularly present in facilitating development of under- and undeveloped areas, old and mainly devastated infrastructure, ecological policy matters and extremely low employment rates.


The effect of swirl and combustion are presented to determine the flow dynamics of a fuel-lean direct injection (LDI) configuration under unconfined non-burning and combustion conditions. Specifically, the effect of radial distribution of combustion air swirl in a burner is examined under non-burning and burning conditions using propane as the fuel. The study explores the swirl flow interaction with the use of an experimental double concentric swirl burner that simulates one swirl cup of a practical gas turbine combustor. Three-dimensional (3-D) flowfield data has been obtained immediately downstream of a double concentric swirl burner exit using PIV, to determine the flow dynamics associated with the flow under fuel-lean direct injection (LDI) conditions. Propane fuel was injected radially into the surrounding swirl flow. Flow characteristics of the resulting flowfield, both without and with combustion have been obtained for co- and counter-swirl distributions to the combustion air flow under unconfined environment. Flat vane swirlers have been used to induce swirl to the air flow. Both combustion and swirl distribution significantly influences the resulting flowfield. The 3-D data also allows one to determine the local swirl number of the resulting flow. Results show that swirl distribution in the burner and combustion has significant effect on the characteristics of the internal and external recirculation zones. The heat release from combustion enhanced the inner recirculation zone by increasing its width and length. Combustion increased the magnitude of the vorticity and provided enhanced symmetry to the flowfields. The calculated local swirl number differs under non-burning and combustion cases. They also differ from that estimated using available geometrical relationships that are derived from the swirl vane angle and swirler dimensions only. Combustion enhanced significant increase in velocity magnitudes than that for the no combustion conditions. The entrained mass flowrate is larger for the co-swirl distribution cases and this entrainment is further enhanced with combustion. The results provide the role of radial swirl distribution and combustion on the mean and turbulence characteristics of flows for two varying shear conditions between the inner and outer flow of the burner, thus providing insightful information on the flow dynamics in complex swirl flowfields in addition to providing data for model validation and model development.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Setting and participants. All patients aged 16 years or older who presented with an isolated painful limb injury (ie, limb injury without other injuries) between 9 AM and 5 PM, Monday through Friday, to an emergency department in Hong Kong were considered for the study. Patients were excluded who had a history of substance abuse, dementia, indigestion, peptic ulceration or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, recent anticoagulation, pregnancy, adverse reaction to morphine or ketorolac, renal or cardiac failure, hepatic problems, rectal bleeding, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pain syndromes, or who had previously received analgesia for the same injury. Individuals who could not use a visual analogue scale (VAS) were also excluded.


The presence of an overhead lightning protection system designed to protect structures from direct lightning attachments will alter the electromagnetic (EM) environment surrounding the structures located at the space launch pads. This analysis addresses the overhead protection system's effectiveness against the EM environment generated by the protection system in the case of more frequently occurring nearby strikes.


Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial-sagittal sinus differences for oxygen, glucose, and lactate have been measured in ten unpremedicated dogs maintained at 37.0° C and ventilated with 0 to 2 per cent halothane in N2O (70 per cent) and O2. Flows were determined by a direct method which collects the venous drainage of portions of both cerebral hemispheres. With halothane, the rate of consumption of O2 by the brain (CMRo2) was reduced 17 per cent (mean) while CBF and sagittal sinus Po2 increased. Oxygen/glucose and lactate/glucose indices were unchanged. Since the reduction in CMRo2 with halothane was apparently neither based on an impaired oxygen supply nor associated with alteration of cerebral metabolic pathways, it is concluded that halothane is a direct cerebral metabolic depressant.


in which the contract will be implemented. When the administrator lacks knowledge of his role, the labor contract, and atmosphere of labor relations, trouble is waiting close by. The usual results are misinterpretation of the contract, misunderstanding of personal responsibility, and lack of an appreciation of the role relations between administrators, teachers, and any other employee under the contract (s). A different kind of trouble begins when the administrator assumes a defensive or


This paper puts forward a kind of intelligent logistics management system,which adopts a LM3S811 processor,combined with the Zigbee wireless transmission and the radio frequency ID card reader module.It enables the logistics company to receive and send goods in an intelligent management.The system could integrate all information of the receivings and sendings of the goods through the PC interaction of network database and fixed terminal,to simplify the process greatly and decrease the error rate obviously.


AbstractThe study examined the attitudes of middle-aged women towards a gendered dress code and how these influence its transmission to their offspring. Middle-aged women's attitudes are important since they are the main purveyors of culture and also constitute a large segment of dress consumers. The influences of middle- aged women in dress choice are pivotal to the clothing industry since its survival is based on sales of dress. A qualitative paradigm involving a case study was adopted. In-depth face-to-face interviews and evaluation of artefacts were the data collecting tools. Ten women aged between thirty and fifty and their offspring (30) were purposefully sampled. Collected data were presented in both descriptive and narrative forms. The findings indicated that most women held conservative attitudes towards a gendered dress code and were willing to transmit it to their offspring. In addition, the findings indicated that media and acculturation were pivotal in influencing choice of dress of the women's offspring. The results of the study is intended to benefit women in that they will have insight on how important their choice of dress and that of their offspring is to the clothing industry. The study recommends that the clothing industry should engage in periodic research activity that seeks to establish consumer attitudes which are ever changing.Keywords: offspring, gendered dress, dress code, attitudes, middle-aged women.INTRODUCTIONAttitudes in the area of dress are both psychologically and socially constructed and are learnt through gender role socialisation. As children grow, they learn gendered dress through initiation. According to Mcilveen and Gross (2004), children's attitudes are shaped by their observations of significant others, such as parents. Gendered dress is thus transmitted through learning and observation. In this case, the middle-aged women transmit a gendered dress as they play a role of the significant others. The study focused on middle-aged women's attitudes since they are the main purveyors of culture and also constitute a large segment of dress consumers.The attitudes of the women were studied by Manwa, Ndamba and Manwa (2010) and this study is a follow up research on how these attitudes influence the choice of dress by the offspring. Attitudes of both women and their offspring towards gendered dress are pivotal in that they are major consumers of dress themselves and that of their offspring and they determine consumption levels of dress. Thus, they buy dress for their children and that for themselves. The levels at which the gendered dress code is transmitted to the middle-aged women's offspring is quite pivotal to the fashion designers since it affects consumption levels of dress. The survival of the clothing industry depends largely on the sales of dress.Doob (1999) in a case study of the attitudes of teenage girls discovered that in the United States of America, eighty three percent (83%) of daughters in his case study admitted that their attitudes were adopted from their mothers. Girls usually learn from their mothers and consider them as role models (Park, 2007). Echabe (1999) notes that a number of studies have indicated that young adult daughters have attitudes about marriage, career, dress and children similar to that of their mothers as compared to fathers. Mothers, in this case the middle-aged women, are more influential in the transmission of dress since they always have more time with children. The mother grossly affects the boy child during his early years in life.Haralambos and Holborn (2008) and Beck (2005) notes that some values, attitudes and norms of families or individuals portrayed are based on religious or cultural beliefs. Culture determines values and norms which are passed on through gender role socialisation. In Zimbabwe, family and mothers in particular are socialised to be the chief purveyors of culture. Thus, the thrust of this research was to uncover the middle-aged women's attitudes towards a gendered dress code and the effects on transmission to their off springs. …


Heat-activated persulfate oxidative treatment of chlorinated organic solvents containing chlorinated ethenes and ethanes in soil was investigated with different persulfate dosages (20 g/L, 40 g/L, and 60 g/L) and different temperatures (30°C, 40°C, and 50°C). Chlorinated organic solvents removal was increased as persulfate concentration increase. The persulfate dosage of 20 g/L with the highest OE (oxidant efficiency) value was economically suitable for chlorinated organic solvents removal. The increasing temperature contributed to the increasing depletion of chlorinated organic solvents. Chlorinated ethenes were more easily removed than chlorinated ethanes. Moreover, the persulfate depletion followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics (, ). Heat-activated persulfate appeared to be an effective oxidant for treatment of chlorinated hydrocarbons.


A hallmark result within behavioral economics is that individuals' choices are affected by current endowments. A recent theory due to Kőszegi and Rabin (2006) explains such endowment effect with a model of expectations-based reference-dependent preferences. Departing from past work, we conduct complementary experiments to disentangle expectations — verified probabilistic beliefs held by subjects — from other features of endowment — such as "assignment" to a good — hence allowing us to compare the effect of expectations with that of other variations. While mere assignment can affect choices, we do not find a large role in the effect for Kőszegi-Rabin expectations.


A method for the determination of bismuth is reported with self _ made carbon paste electrode modified by cinchonine. After bismuth ions are accumulated under the applied potential of -1.00 V for 120 s on the chemical modified electrode in 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution, there is a sensitive oxidation peak of Bi at -0.022 V(vs SCE) in the determination by anodic stripping voltammetry(ASV). Dependence of current on concentration is linear from 1.0×10-8 to 1.0×10-4 mol/L of Bi3+. The detection limit is 5.0×10-9 mol/L. Other metal ions do not interfere in the determination.


The growth of the Indian economy is presenting immense opportunities for development of new technologies to fuel this growth. However, developing new technologies by Indian firms is costly and risk as most of them do not posses the necessary technological capabilities. With the increasing cost and risk of technology development, it has come to be recognized that external sourcing of technology through collaborative technology development provides strategic advantage by providing faster access to new technology and markets through complementing resources and risks between partners. On the other hand, collaborative technology development also faces problems due to fear of opportunistic behaviour of partners. The balance of benefits and risks related to collaborative technology development is contingent on the nature of industry and technological characteristics surrounding the collaboration. The failure of collaborative technology development is due to the fact that partners do not have adequate understanding of context. Therefore it is important to understand the context and especially in the Indian context, where collaborative technology development is a new phenomenon and there is little understanding regarding the perception and practice of it. To understand the perception and practice of collaborative technology development in the Indian context, a study was conducted across three industrial sectorselectronics & IT, chemicals & pharmaceuticals, and engineering. The choice of these sectors was influenced by the fact that these sectors experience greater technology based competition so the necessity for upgradation of technology would be a relatively important concern. Data on collaborative technology development practice was collected through a questionnaire from 119 respondent firms representing the identified sectors. The results of the study show that different industries have different perception regarding the importance they attach to different modes of collaborative technology development which is influenced by the technological environment. Across the sectors, the perception is that collaborative technology development modes that provide greater control for the firm to monitor partner opportunistic behaviour are considered more effective than others. The motivation to undertake collaborative technology development is influenced by the benefits accruing from access to new technology and markets to maintain their competitive position as compared to benefits of collaboration like risk sharing or establishing common industry standards or technology cartelization. On the other hand, conflicts between partners that would be seen to give rise to opportunistic behaviour are considered a major obstacle for collaborative technology development across the industries. Overall, the strong obstacles to undertaking collaborative technology development as perceived by the different sectors are those that are perceived to give rise to the fear of loss of control on proprietary technical knowledge. Based on the findings, implications could be drawn regarding what needs to be done while entering into technology collaboration with Indian firms so as to ensure that the collaborative venture is successful and long lasting.


Abstract The influence of the degree of dispersion in latex on the composition and properties of the rubber was studied in detail by means of a series of latices, the mean particle size of which ranged from 1.1 to 0.15µ in diameter. These fractions were first obtained by centrifugation of preserved latex, and the degree of distribution was measured by photomicrographic analysis and by sedimentation. This method of fractionation yields latices and rubbers with compositions which differ widely. With decrease in the size of the particles, their surface area per unit of rubber increases, and the percentage of nonrubber components which is adsorbed irreversibly or which is dissolved in the serum increases greatly. On the contrary, the degree of polymerization decreases with decrease in the diameter of the particles. This may be explained by the fact that, in the beginning, the polymerization of the globules is relatively low, and that it progresses under the influence of a catalyst present in the serum. In bri...


2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dialkoxy-substituted 6-aminobenzopyran analogues (eg., 7 and 8) were identified as prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitors via a screening process using HSC-T6 and LI 90 cells that express an immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell line and as part of a test of the type I collagen contents employing the ELISA method. A subsequent lead optimization effort based on solid-phase parallel synthesis led to the identification of 2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dialkoxy-substituted 6-aminobenzopyrans as potent inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase.


With the overall development of all causes in China,the railway in national economy and society development has played important roles and the railway construction has become more and more vigorous in recent years.The original railway construction technology standards can not adapt to the demands of railway development,so it is imperative to speed up establishing new construction technology standard systems for railway construction.Aiming at construction of the first class railway passenger dedicated line,the main principles,basic framework,main contents of establishing the new construction technology standard systems and the differences between the original one and new one are demonstrated in this paper.The following direction measures are presented in this paper for overcoming the problems existed in the course of establishing the systems:(1) to further improve the standard systems;(2) to strengthen the standards′ systematicness and compatibility;(3) to focus on the standards′ fitness and timeness;(4) to speed up transferring re-creative achievements into standard based on introduction and absorption;(5) to focus on saving investment and lowering construction cost;(6) to further strengthen basic theoretical research work.The purpose of publishing this paper here is to provide the reference to the real practice concerned.


This study presents a new strategy for estimating the states (rotor flux and speed) and the load torque to implement a multivariable controller for a sensorless three-phase squirrel-cage induction machine in wind energy conversion systems. The multivariable control is carried out using input–output feedback law and its objective is to track profiles of the rotational speed and the rotor flux amplitude. The state estimation considerably improves the performance of rotor flux based model reference adaptive system in the variable speed region of operation. The technique uses Kalman filter as a rotor flux observer and an artificial neural network adaption mechanism to estimate the rotor speed. The state estimation requires only the measurements of the stator voltages and currents. The estimation method, for both states and torque, is not invasive as no mechanical sensors are needed. The wind energy conversion system and the proposed control-estimation techniques are simulated in Matlab/Simulink software platform and tested using the OPAL-RT real-time simulator (OP5600) to verify the accuracy of the proposed control-estimation method.


Semantics-based web service discovery mainly focuses on the function matching of web service,however,non-functional property also plays an important part.A framework of semantic web service discovery considering the non-functional factors,adopting rank mechanism and the corresponding match degree and pretreatment mechanism,easy for the user to search and find desired service.A system proves the feasibility of semantic web-service selection mechanism.


Introduction Within the scientific literature there is little evidence available to provide practitioners with information on strength and power profiles of cyclists, resulting in a limited understanding of neuromuscular factors related to cycling performance. Information on the legs' elastic energy utilisation, force-velocity and length-tension curves can inform training programs and aid in talent identification. Other sports where such information is more widely available have already successfully implemented this within preparation programmes (e.g. McBride et al., 1999). Methods A total of 44 cyclists were recruited for this project, of which 15 classified in a Novice category by having no racing experience at all (age 35.5 ± 11.4 yrs; height 177.4 ± 6.5 cm; mass 77.4 ± 9.3 kg; FTP 3.28 ± 0.47 W/kg), 14 in the Road racing category as they competed for at least the past year at British Cycling Category 2 level or higher and no experience in Time-Trial (TT) races (age 35.9 ± 12.7 yrs; height 179.1 ± 6.5 cm; mass 76.6 ± 9.0 kg; FTP 3.88 ± 0.49 W/kg), and 15 in the TT category as they considered TT racing as their main competitive aim, rode in dedicated TT positions and had recently produced a 10 or 25 mile personal best of 1) for all groups. This dominance was significantly less prominent in the TT group for flexion conditions (1.35 ± 0.18) compared to Road (1.56 ± 0.22; p = 0.031) and Novice (1.53 ± 0.19; p = 0.004) groups. Joint flexion torques showed non-significant trends; they were slightly higher in the knee and lower for the hip (1.43 & 2.08 Nm/kg respectively) in TT athletes compared to Road (1.35 & 2.14 Nm/kg) and Novices (1.36 & 2.22 Nm/kg) (p = 0.429 & 0.189). No differences were found for the angle at which peak torque occurred. The velocity effect on torque production was comparable between the groups. It decreased from its peak at 30 °/s, to 82 ± 11 % of that when tested at 270 °/s for knee flexion and to 61 ± 9 % for knee extension. Hip torque reduced to 66 ± 10 % and 79 ± 10 % for flexion and extension respectively, when tested at 210 °/s compared to 30 °/s condition. Discussion The CMJ data show that cyclists – both novice and competitive – perform poorly on vertical jumping (29 ± 6 cm) compared to strength trained (48.2 ± 2.8 cm) and even untrained individuals (33.7 ± 2.3 cm) (McBride et al., 1999). This is in line with previous research on endurance type athletes showing long-distance runners to perform inferiorly on jump tasks compared to an untrained population (27.8 ± 4.3 cm vs 37.3 ± 3.1 cm; Kubo et al., 2000). In contrast to the findings by Kubo et al. (2000), the tested competitive cyclists showed lower SJ/CMJ ratios compared to the untrained controls indicating a relatively large utilisation of elastic energy storage compared to muscular power in jump performance. Based on the dynamometry testing, it seems most plausible to suggest that the reduced hip flexion capacity in TT riders results from these muscles being disused during cycling due to the extreme hip flexion angles common in their riding positions. It could be suggested that an attempt is made to compensate for this loss in hip flexion capacity through increased knee flexors' strength. An increased knee flexor torque in TT riders could also indicate a mechanically more effective pedalling technique on the bike, as previous literature has linked hamstring activity with increases in Index of Force Effectiveness on the bike (Bini et al., 2013). Greater separation between tested groups might have been masked due to variation in preferred bike setup within the groups, TT riders also training in road setups and novice cyclists having undergone minor adaptations through recreational cycling activities. Based on these results, it seems appropriate to advise strength training to be tailored to the type of competition a cyclist is aiming to perform on. TT riders should focus on knee flexor strength, while road cyclists could benefit from a more balanced approach between hip and knee strength. Currently ongoing research is investigating how these strength characteristics relate to determinants of cycling performance in order to further help optimising training protocols and talent identification strategies. References Bini RR, Hume P, Croft J, Kilding A. (2013) J Sci Cycl, 2(1), 11-24. Kubo K, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T. (2000). EJAP, 81(3), 181-187. McBride JM, Triplett-McBride T, Davie H, Newton RU. (1999). J Biom, 32(10), 1021-1026. Cuk I, Markovic M, Nedeljkovic A, Ugarkovic D, Kukolj M, Jaric S. (2014). EJAP, 114(8), 1703-1714.


Triterpenoids represent a promising and expanding platform for biologically active natural compounds whose capability to unique and potentially usable biological effects is currently only partly utilized. They are present in a variety of common plants and fruits and the triterpenoid isolation and identification from such natural sources is of special interest. From the biological standpoint, oleane triterpenoids belong to the most important triterpenoid structures. Besides the continuing extraction and isolation of natural material, synthetic derivatives with higher therapeutic potential have been developed. Oleanolic acid is an omnipresent triterpenoid in plant kingdom, medical herbs and is integral part of the human diet. It is one of the most important components of the cuticular membrane of plant leaves and fruits. Important functions for the performance of the cuticular membrane, such as protection from diseases, insects and drought, are related to the composition and molecular arrangement of the epicuticular waxes. Recent pharmacological activities on the basis of oleanolic acid comprised the isolation and purification of oleanolic acid from various plants and herbs, the chemical modifications to create more effective derivatives, the toxicity studies and the clinical use in various diseases including anticancer chemotherapies. The omnipresence of oleanolic acid in epicuticular waxes suggests its important role for the cuticle performance. Though nature and chemical composition of the epicuticular waxes are variable, most of the cuticle components are amphiphiles so that a layered structure of the cuticle morphology can be expected. However, the chemical structure of oleanolic acid with a multicyclic planar structure deviates from the typical structure of amphiphiles consisting of a polar head group and alkyl chain(s). Despite the untypical amphiphilic character of oleanolic acid, it is located exclusively in the cuticula. Therefore, studies of well-defined model monolayers at the air/water interface are a promising approach for getting first insight into the specific behaviour of oleanolic acid. A recent paper about mixed oleanolic acid/stearic acid monolayers could not provide convincing information about the structural ordering of pure oleanolic monolayers. Therefore the present work focuses on the interfacial ordering of pure oleanolic acid monolayers. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and specular X-ray reflectivity (SR) measurements have proven to be optimal on the basis of lateral pressure results. First information about the features of the oleanolic acid spread on pure water at 25°C can be obtained from π-A isotherm shown in Fig. 1. The chemical structure in the inset of Fig. 1 indicates the untypical amphiphilic character of the bulky triterpenoid oleanolic acid. It is seen that a correct π-A isotherm for oleanolic acid monolayers can be measured only up to π ~ 8 mN·m. In the 0 ≤ π ≤ 8 mN·m range, repeated compression and expansion confirmed the measured shape of the isotherm. This result shows unambiguously that oleanolic acid forms insoluble monolayers. However, the extreme stiffness of the compressed monolayers prevents artifactfree recording of π-A isotherms up to high lateral pressures so that at π > 8 mN·m the recorded π values deviate increasingly from the expected real value.


Enacting heuristic phenomenological inquiry, this article explores the experience of watching a video of a live show of what was personally meaningful music for the researcher. In this study, personally meaningful music, defined as music integral to adolescent identity construction, was sung by and conveyed through the online discoursal self (Ivanič, 1998), or performed stage persona, of Mina Caputo, a transgender woman in the alternative-metal band Life of Agony. Data included a onehour video of a live show and online comments. Data analysis involved heuristic and arts-based elements, involving explication of qualities of Mina Caputo's discoursal self, explication of themes in online comments, and creative syntheses of data into found poetry and flash fiction. General results include the majority of comments posted online representing identity performances that challenged dominant practices and discourses regarding transgender possibilities for selfhood. Results also describe how the IJEA Vol. 17 No. 15 http://www.ijea.org/v17n15/ 2 experience of heuristic inquiry itself represented a process toward internal growth for the researcher. This paper presents a methodology useful for self-discovery related to the central phenomenon, provides empirical data of online transgender performance, and explores video-sharing website writing as identity performance. Introduction and Statement of Topic and Question When I was twenty, I sang in an alternative-metal band. We had minor success, playing in local bars and clubs in Cleveland and closer to home in the late 90s, culminating in our recording an album at an indie studio and dissolving when I went off to graduate school at Kent State University. After music, I wrote fiction in my spare time, lots of it if not the commercially successful kind, which led to my publishing a couple of literary novels in indie presses, publishing a number of short stories at literary presses, editing professionally at literary presses and magazines, and even earning a few Pushcart Prize nominations along the way. This brief background is meant to convey that my personal experience with art, ranging from alternative metal to literary writing, has played a part in my engagement with the present topic. The focus of this paper is profoundly important to me and my life and is therefore fitting to be explored through heuristic research (Douglass & Moustakas, 1985; Moustakas, 1990). In this paper, I present my exploration and, ultimately, my creative synthesis of the experience of watching a video of Mina Caputo, the transgender-woman lead singer of the alternative metal band Life of Agony, performing music I consider to be personally meaningful. A series of memories for me involves my adolescent self clashing with adult figures who were understandably worried about the kind of music toward which I and a number of my friends gravitated. Life of Agony's debut album, after all, was entitled River Runs Red and, as a concept album, thematically slashed, riffed, and bellowed its way through the story of a young man whose tragic week and home experience correlated with his contemplating and finally attempting suicide. It was the 1990s, the era of suicide metal and parental worry, of songs and images that seemed, to outsiders, to glamorize suicide and death. Once, after a classmate in eleventh-grade art class brought in a cassette tape of Life of Agony to listen to during the hour period, the art teacher had turned off the music, telling us that our tastes in music eventually changed as we grew older, that our whole perspective and view of life transformed. Still, though I had gone nearly fifteen years without listening to Life of Agony, I, one day, found myself remembering and even yearning for those songs from art class and my adolescence. When I looked up the band I remembered from art class as a high schooler, I discovered that the singer of Life of Agony, Keith Caputo, had become Mina Caputo (Figure 1). While I am still moved by the music of Life of Agony and consider it to be profoundly personally Nicholes: Video-Sharing Website Writing 3 meaningful art, Mina Caputo's change confronted me with issues I had never considered before. While I celebrated Mina's art, I still had to come to grips with what impact, if any, Mina had on how I now experienced music of an intensely significant, developmental period of my life. Figure 1. Mina Caputo. Image by Justin Nicholes. Meanwhile, transgender issues have urgent social relevance. In addition to U.S. national news reporting on one transgender teen's online plea for social change after her suicide (Granderson, 2015), a recent grounded-theory study by Levitt and Ippolito (2014) named selfisolation amid social taunts, feelings of ignoring of one's true self, and the danger of isolation amid stares as, among other factors, experiences that impact transgender people. In light of local and global discrimination and violence resulting from "reality enforcement"—a particular type of transphobia brought about when people construe a mismatch between one's private genitalia and one's public gender presentation (Bettcher, 2014, p. 392)—the issue of perceived and real discrimination on the basis of transgender identity deserves sustained attention. In addition, technology-mediated performances of identity offer rich sources of data useful for an exploration of how transgender performance can put into possibly worldwide circulation importantly humanizing discourses that can "contribute to changing the possibilities for self-hood available in the future" (Ivanič, 1998, p. 28). In my use of the term discourses, I draw on Fairclough (2006), who used the following definition: IJEA Vol. 17 No. 15 http://www.ijea.org/v17n15/ 4 Epistemologically, discourses are abstract entities (elements of orders of discourse [newly but mutably structured combinations of discourses, genres, and styles] within networks of social practices [...]) which are established on the basis of repetition and recurrence over time and in diverse social sites, but ontologically they appear in the concrete form of particular texts. (p. 41) Rawson and Williams (2014), investigating the narrative of the term transgender itself in texts, concluded that "The rhetorical landscape of transgender is still developing, still demanding further research" (p. 6). Studies such as the aforementioned, as well as the one to be presented here, can contribute to the fields of composition, rhetoric, and applied linguistics by exploring how writing, here and in public comments on publically shared videos, represents discourses that operate situationally within social practices and impact ways people talk, think, and act. Such studies that investigate personal understanding of transgender issues can also powerfully contribute to personal growth along my own life journey, of which the music of Life of Agony and the voice of Mina Caputo are personally meaningful parts. The central phenomenon of concern in this paper is the experience of watching a video of what, to myself as the researcher, is personally meaningful music. This music is sung by and conveyed through the discoursal self (Ivanič, 1998) of Mina Caputo, a transgender woman, who is the lead singer of the recently reunited alternative-metal band Life of Agony. The following heuristic research question guided my study: What is the experience of watching a video of Mina Caputo's discoursal self performing personally meaningful music? As is a convention in heuristic research (Moustakas, 1990), I will now define key words in my heuristic research question.


The loss of stability of the horizontal-plane periodic motion of a steered ship in waves is investigated. In earlier reports we referred to the possibility of a broaching mechanism that will be intrinsic to the periodic mode, whereby there will exist no need for the ship to go through the surf-riding stage. However, about this point the discussion was essentially conjectural. In order to provide substance we present here a theoretical approach that is organized in two stages: Initially, we demonstrate the existence of a mechanism of parametric instability of yaw on the basis of a rudimentary, single-degree model of maneuvering motion in waves. Then, with a more elaborate model, we identify the underlying nonlinear phenomena that govern the large-amplitude horizontal ship motions, considering the ship as a multi-degree, nonlinear oscillator. Our analysis brings to light a very specific sequence of phenomena leading to cumulative broaching that involves a change in the stability of the ordinary periodic motion on the horizontal plane, a transition towards subharmonic response and, ultimately, a sudden jump to resonance. Possible means for controlling the onset of such undesirable behavior are also investigated.


This study presents a numerical sensitivity experiment, where the regional climate model is used over the El Niño 3.4 region to understand how changes in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) affect cloud properties and the atmospheric radiation budget. The Spatio-temporal variation of cloud radiative forcing response to control (CNTRL), warmer (SST+2K), and colder (SST-2K) SSTs are analyzed. It is shown that the SST+2K experiment led to a reduced low-level cloud fraction, while the SST-2K experiment caused an enhancement of cloud fraction in the lower troposphere. The decreased low-level cloud coverage in the SST+2K experiment acted to compensate for the improvement of high-cloud. The opposite occurred in the SST-2K experiment. Consistent with previous studies, both surface temperature and precipitation increase (decrease) as SST increases (decreases). Besides, changes in radiation on the top of the atmosphere are simulated, primarily because of changes in cloud coverage. The results have ramifications for the improvement of convective, radiative schemes, and regional climate simulations.


Most transplant centres harvest living donor kidneys via a conventional laparoscopic surgical approach. Laparoendoscopic single‐site donor nephrectomy (LESS‐DN) is a relatively novel minimally invasive approach that allows the surgery to be performed via a single incision. This technique may be advantageous in decreasing surgical morbidity and improving cosmetic outcomes, thus plausibly reducing the barriers to kidney donation. The study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of LESS‐DN in a large consecutive series of kidney donors. Comparative analysis between LDN and LESS‐DN showed that there was a significant decrease in intra‐operative blood loss and allograft warm ischaemia time in the LESS‐DN group, but also a significant increase in operating time. Other peri‐operative outcomes were similar between the two approaches. Evaluation of the LESS‐DN cases alone revealed that, the operating times did not significantly change through the course of the series. Using this outcome as a surrogate for technical difficulty suggests a relatively shallow learning curve for LESS‐DN.


This paper covers the important issues related to the data mining process and its usage in the medical field. To achieve that objective we have to measure and test the applicability of data mining in predicting diagnoses and in discovering important relationships between diagnoses and the different data attributes. This has been done through the cases of kidney failure and chest pain diseases. Preparation of data included selecting, cleansing, modeling and evaluation. It was proved that the data mining is applicable in the medical sector and can improve the different medical applications


Knowledge economy will be the primary economy in the 21st century, the intellect resources is the decisive factor sup-porting economic development, so intellect resources becomes more and more important in the coming future, also it is a newstudy field of modem resources sciences. The intellect resources can be defined from two sides. In narrow sense, it refers to thecapable person with knowledge of science and technology, culture and art, management and so on, in broad sense, it also in-eludes the related institutions such as scientific research, education and RD facilities and infrastructures such as informationnetwork. The intellect resources is a kind of social resources, also a special kind of reproducible resources and soft resources. Ithas six important characteristics including heredity, adhesion, fluidity, multiplication, time effect and difficulty to be estimated.It is different from human resources, information resources, and cultural resources though they have complicated connections inmany aspects.


CTH 264 – Instructions for Priests and Temple Personnel – has been frequently discussed because of the information its content provides on various aspects of the Hittite religious beliefs and practices. The article focuses on a much less investigated topic, that is, the use of rhetorical strategies displayed by this text. In particular, instances of interrogative phrases and rhetorical questions, of repetitions and reiterations generating a climax, and of anecdotes and proverbs as storytelling devices are analyzed. The trial-like structure and the sapiential flavour informing the § 7 of the text are put in evidence.


In order to solve the problems of long heating time and energy waste in the production process of heavy caliber extrusion tee,according to the characteristics of ultra-audio frequency induction heating equipment,a method of using "pear" shaped copper coil to conduct the local induction heating on pipe billet is proposed.Experimental results show that the method can effectively and quickly provide the next process with pipe billets which meet the requirements of a special temperature field.The simulation of induction heating process in the simulation software is realized.It has established a foundation for finite element study on hot extrusion process of heavy caliber tee.


ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate wood volume estimates of Pinus nigra trees in forest stands, which were derived utilizing Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis. Information on forest parameters such as wood volume and number of trees is useful for forest management facilitating forest sustainability. Most of the existing approaches used to estimate wood volume of forest trees require field measurements, which are laboursome. In this study, the collected field data were utilized only in order to investigate the results. Wood volume was estimated based on an individual tree crown approach and using monoscopic satellite images in combination with allometric data. The study area is the Pentalofo forest, which is located in Kozani prefecture in western Macedonia, Northern Greece. About 1 plot surface of 0.1143 ha was utilized. During the preprocessing, a pansharpened image was produced from two Quickbird satellite images (one multispectral image of 2.4 m spatial resolution and one panchromatic image of 0.6 m spatial resolution). Bands of this image were utilized single or in combination in order to delineate the tree crowns individually. The allometric equation served in order to calculate the tree Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) utilizing the detected tree crowns. The evaluation was conducted on three levels: (i) number of trees, (ii) DBH class distribution and (iii) wood volume. On the third level, the evaluation procedure was conducted twice; once using field height and once without. The difference between the results and the field data for the wood volume reached a maximum of approximately 30%. The total number of trees was exactly the same as counted in the field and the DBH distribution showed a tendency for the trees to move to a higher DBH class, resulting in an overestimation of the wood volume.


The next work it is about the religious festivity of Cuasimodo realized in Pudahuel as a possible expression of local intangible heritage. Through this celebration will be analyzed concepts related with the heritage construction and some hypothesis are suggested about the future of the celebration in different contexts.


In his paper on "Homotyposis," of which an abstract appeared in the 'Roy. Soc. Proc.,' vol. 68, p. 1, Professor Pearson raises an issue of extraordinary importance. In any attempt to perceive the true relation of variation to differentiation, and to analyse the essential similitude existing between Heredity and Repetition of Parts, we reach a fundamental problem of biology. Little has thus far been done towards elucidating this problem or even towards formulating it. The appearance of Professor Pearson's remarkable memoir may perhaps therefore with profit be taken as an occasion for considering critically some aspects of these questions.


In order to grow β-FeSi2 single crystals by the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method, the growth conditions, including density of iodine transport agent and growth duration, were examined. An iodine density of 8.9 mg cm–3 was thought to be optimum in the present experiment. It was found that the growth duration should be over 4 weeks for growing β-FeSi2 single crystals. X-ray structural analysis revealed that the growth direction of the β-FeSi2 crystals was The growth rate along the directions with lower Miller indexes was slower than that along the directions with higher Miller indexes. The measured lattice constants were a = 0.986 nm, b = 0.780 nm, and c = 0.781 nm. These values are consistent with the previously reported values. Hall measurements showed that the electron mobility was over 350 cm2 V–1 s–1 at 10 K. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The Topic Wizard presented in this paper is a new interactive tool that supports the definition and revision of topics in form of regular expressions, combining a dialog for prefix and suffix extension with a word tree-based representation of phrases for restricting the query to specific expressions. The examples stem from the Media Watch on Climate Change, a public Web portal based on the webLyzard Web intelligence platform that aggregates environmental stakeholder communication from multiple online sources.


Cases of mastitis in cows at Baturraden are leading to signifi cant and ongoing problems due to reduced production and lower milk quality. This study was designed to identify which of selected virulence determinant genes of S. aureus are involved in the Baturraden infection, and to determine the clonal relationship among these isolates. Seventeen isolates were identifi ed as S. aureus based on their biochemical properties and species specifi city for 23S rRNA and nuc genes. S. aureus isolates were genotypically characterized for the selected virulence determinants: coa, clfA, fnbA, fnbB, cap5, spa IgG and spa X- region genes. Clonal relationship analysis among isolates was carried out using AFLP and results compared with previously confi rmed relationships between selected S. aureus isolated from other regions. The results show that eight isolates contain all the genes, but six isolates lack fnbB and two isolates lack cap5 genes. AFLP analysis showed that all isolates of S. aureus originating from cows in Baturraden belong to one cluster. This study provides additional knowledge about S. aureus infection in Baturraden cows, including the number of virulence determinant genes that may play a role in pathogenicity.


routinely aspirated for motile spermatozoa. All intraoperative aspirates are cryopreserved for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) if microscopic examination shows motile spermatozoa and the volume is sufficient for harvesting. The mixture of Levovist and methylene blue dye is then administrated under real-time TRUS guidance. The patency of the ipsilateral ejaculatory duct is confirmed by directly visualizing the contrast solution as it flows through the seminal vesicle, the ampulla of the vas deferens and the ejaculatory duct, and then passes into the prostatic urethra and the bladder. The procedure is then repeated for the contralateral seminal vesicle. At the same time seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts and the prostatic urethra can be clearly visualized for the level of obstruction, obstructed length, distance to the cyst and distance to the rectum (Fig. 2) After evaluating these variables a strategy for the operation is selected.


Magnesium anodization was examined in room temperature AlCl 3 :EMIC and AlCl 3 :DMPIC ionic liquids, where EMIC = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and DMPIC = 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium chloride. For all melts, the AlCl 3 :organic chloride mole ratio was <1, yielding chloride-rich (i.e., basic) compositions. The rate of magnesium anodization was limited by diffusion of chloride ions to the electrode surface. From the Cottrell slopes for magnesium anodization at a Mg disk electrode and for chloride oxidation at a Pt disk electrode, the chloride stoichiometry of the anodization process in AlCl 3 :EMIC was determined to be 4.1 (± 0.5), corresponding to the formation of soluble MgCl 4 2 . Similar chloride stoichiometry was found in AlCl 3 :DMPIC. MgCl 2 buffers the melt to approximate neutrality from the basic side, dissolving as MgCl 4 2- . Magnesium metal was chemically stable in basic AlCl 3 :DMPIC, but it reacted completely and irreversibly with basic AlCl 3 :EMIC to produce colored organic byproducts. Some comments are made on the acidity of NiCl 2 and CdCl 2 in the basic melts.


Within the last three decades, twelve major earthquakes (Mw > 6.0) have jolted Pakistan and contributed to a heavy death toll and an economic loss of billions of dollars, which is immense for any underdeveloped country. Despite the generalized description of seismic hazards in various regions of Pakistan, densely populated cities still require a detailed and integrated vulnerability analysis to overcome the impact of a significant earthquake. This study aims to integrate seismic hazard assessment schemes to understand the vulnerability of Attock city against an earthquake. It initially evaluates the threat from an earthquake due to tectonic activity in the region, splits the region (about 200 km radius) into six seismic zones and uses area source parameters. The ground motion prediction equations compatible with the study area's seismotectonic environment are also used in this study. Peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA) and 5% damped spectral acceleration are critical features of ground motions. The site classification is carried within Attock city, indicating the presence of SB (foundation condition with Vs30 = 760 m/s), SC (foundation condition with Vs30 = 400 m/s) and SD (foundation condition with Vs30 = 300 m/s). The peak ground accelerations for a return period of 475 years at the SB, SC and SD sites are estimated as 0.23 g, 0.28 g and 0.30 g, respectively. Uniform hazard spectra are obtained for each site classification at three return periods (475, 975 and 2475 years). Another possible threat can be the local site conditions of the study area, as Attock city exists on the unlithified sediments of upper Pleistocene to Recent alluvial deposits. That is why microtremor recordings are conducted at 20 sites within Attock city to understand the fundamental frequency (f0), horizontal to vertical spectral amplitude (A0) and Kg parameter, a seismic vulnerability index. The values of f0 are found between 0.6 and 9 Hz and A0 is observed between 2.1 and 5 Hz, whereas the Kg is estimated between 0.24 and 20 Hz. Despite evidence of the seismic vulnerability of Attock city, the current building designs and infrastructure development are not synchronized with the uniform hazard response spectra and the soil amplification, thus enhancing the exposure of the study area to disaster during a major earthquake. This study will be instrumental in pre-disaster mitigation strategies for urban planners and policymakers.


The content of trace elements in Tachypleus tridentatus blood was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The results show that there are affluent trace oelements such as copper,ferri,calcium,magnesium,manganese and nickel etcetera in Tachypleus tridentatus blood.Among them,the level of calcium and copper are higher,they are(23.13±0.75)mg·L-1and(176.5±2.26)mg·L-1,the level of ferri and nickel are lower,they are(0.71±0.08)mg·L-1and(0.56±0.04)mg·L-1.


This paper discusses the use of a J2EE technology based on value-added tax invoices online authentication system,the system uses the J2EE technology system structure and other related key technologies,use of mature software system,using advanced development tools,integrated measure of all kinds of network security problems,finally makes this paper based on J2EE Technology the value-added tax invoices online authentication system with good expansibility,security,practicability and safety.


Following the deployment of the emergency Australian medical teams, in early March Interplast Australia and International SOS were contracted to provide and manage an Australian-Indonesian medical team to assist the general hospital in Banda Aceh reestablish services and provide on-the-job training. The size of the team varied between 20 and 26 members over the months of the contract. The majority were Indonesian who, with their experience of working in Indonesia, knowledge of the health system, language skills and cultural sensitivity, were essential to the success of the program.


Abstract Connie May Fowler's essay "No Snapshots in the Attic: A Granddaughter's Search for a Cherokee Past," which serves as a companion to her second novel, River of Hidden Dream (1994), explains Fowler's search for information about her deceased grandmother, Oneida Hunter May, and her frustration in finding no letters, no documents, incomplete and incorrect public records, inaccurate and biased history—in short, huge voids in available information that virtually erase her grandmother's life. Ultimately, she tells us, she turns to family stories as the only viable corrective to the failure of history and public record to preserve any part of her grandmother's life story. She deals more metaphorically with this same situation in her novel—narrator Sadie sitting in as granddaughter and Susannah Motherwell, née Sparrow Hunter, as grandmother.


We similarly compared results for total protein in 24-h urine samples containing 0 to 8 g of protein per 24-h specimen and obtained the following linear regression equation: ACAJBZC method = 1.04 (SSAITCA method) + 0.09 (n = 56, r = 0.976). We examined test packs after assay of each patient's urine sample in the "aca 1ff' analyzer, but saw none with protein aggregates that might indicate a falsely low value for total protein (3). We evaluated the accuracy and intra-assay precision of both methods by assaying within a single run 20 samples of a protein standard (Quantimetrix, Hawthorne, CA 90250) containing 1000 mg of protein (70% albuminl30% gamma globulin) per liter, with the following results: SSAJTCA method mean protein concentration, mg/L 1004 (SD = 1.8; CV = 0.2%); ACAIBZC method mean protein concentration, mgfL = 1055 (SD = 2.1; CV = 0.2%). We used as single-point calibrator for the SSA/TCA method a solution of "Urine Protein Reference Material" (College of American Pathologists, Skokie, IL 60077) containing 2170 mg of human albumin per liter, and for the ACA/BZC method a five-point calibration curve obtained with a set of "DuPont aca urinary protein calibrators" containing a maximum of 2271 mg of human albumin per liter. We conclude that the SSAJTCA and ACAIBZC methods have comparable ability to quantiIr urinary albumin and globulin; the values for total protein obtained with the ACA/BZC method are approximately 5% to 10% higher than those obtained by the SSA/TCA method; the SSAITCA method is slightly more accurate than the ACA/BZC method; and the intra-assay precision (CV, %) of both methods is excellent. The small bias between these methods and the slight inaccuracy of the ACAIBZC method as compared with the SSAJTCA method are unlikely to provide clinically significant differences between values for urinary total protein obtained by these methods. Moreover, the ACAIBZC method offers advantages of automation and convenience.