A convex optimization problem in conic form involves minimizing a linear functional over the intersection of a convex cone and an affine subspace. In some cases, it is possible to replace a conic formulation using a certain cone, with a 'lifted' conic formulation using another cone that is higher-dimensional, but simpler, in some sense. One situation in which this can be computationally advantageous is when the higher-dimensional cone is a Cartesian product of many 'low-complexity' cones, such as second-order cones, or small positive semidefinite cones.
This paper studies obstructions to a convex cone having a lifted representation with such a product structure. The main result says that whenever a convex cone has a certain neighborliness property, then it does not have a lifted representation using a finite product of cones, each of which has only short chains of faces. This is a generalization of recent work of Averkov ('Optimal size of linear matrix inequalities in semidefinite approaches to polynomial optimization', SIAM J. Appl. Alg. Geom., Vol. 3, No. 1, 128--151, 2019) which considers only lifted representations using products of positive semidefinite cones of bounded size. Among the consequences of the main result is that various cones related to nonnegative polynomials do not have lifted representations using products of 'low-complexity' cones, such as smooth cones, the exponential cone, and cones defined by hyperbolic polynomials of low degree.


Anorectic drugs are increasingly being used in obesity to induce and/or maintain weight loss. We have focused on the development of metabolic enhancers. These compounds increase energy expenditure, which is important because weight loss is associated with metabolic re-adjustment to reduce energy output. Thus, metabolic enhancers ensure that energy expenditure is maintained when food intake is reduced. β 3 -adrenoceptor agonists are thermogenic agents that increase energy output by stimulating heat generation. Early selective β 3 -agonists were effective in producing weight loss in obese rats, but were largely ineffective in humans. In addition, many interacted with other types of β receptor to produce side-effects. The development of a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) transfection system, using the human β 3 -adrenoceptor gene, resulted in potential new selective human β 3 -agonists being identified. However, the in vitro activity of these agents does not necessarily reflect their action in vivo, due to the presence of other receptor types and G proteins in the target cells, and interactions between them. The characterization of a selective β 3 -antagonist, SR59230A, has allowed us to examine β 3 -agonist activity in different experimental systems. The CHO transfection system has been used to show that SR59230A is effective in blocking agonist activity against both the rat adrenoceptor, and three human β 3 -receptor isoforms. In addition, SR59230A shows competitive inhibition of agonist activity in both rat and human model systems. This antagonist may therefore provide a pharmacological tool for the functional study of by newly identified β 3 -receptor agonists.


In approaching the basic historical question of the Tudor tyranny, by which England was transformed from a predominantly Catholic country, as a constituent part of Christendom, to a largely conforming Protestant country, in the process of becoming a British Empire, it is of no small importance to consider how the great dramatist of the age, William Shakespeare, presented the situation as he saw it from a basically Catholic viewpoint – not directly, when he might well have incurred the charge of treason, but (as he says) "by indirections", for which one has to read between the lines, according to the literal meaning of "intelligence". From this viewpoint, one may see in almost all his plays, whether history, comedy or tragedy, reflections of his deep, personal response both to the memory of Henry VIII and to his experience of Elizabeth I in terms of the theme of "tyranny". Hence, after having presented my article on "Shakespeare's Portrayal of a Tyrant" with reference to Henry VIII, I may now present this ...


The enormous interest for peer-to-peer systems in recent years has prompted research into finding scalable and robust seeding and searching methods to support these overlay networks. Routing and search in these overlay networks have ranged from flooding-based unstructured techniques to structured ones mainly for popular and rate items respectively. In this paper, we propose a new method of establishing a virtual structure and introduce a technique to scalably route packets through an unstructured overlay network. We introduce Virtual Direction Routing (VDR). VDR is a lightweight and scalable overlay network routing protocol that uses the concept of virtual directions to efficiently perform node information seeding and lookup. State information is replicated at nodes along virtual orthogonal lines originating from each node and periodically updated. When a path lookup is initiated, instead of flooding the network, query packets are also forwarded along virtual orthogonal lines until an intersection with the seeded state occurs. We show that VDR achieves high reachability with relatively low seed and search packet TTL even under high network churn. We also show that VDR scales well without imposing DHT-like graph structures (e.g., trees, rings, torus, coordinate-space) and the path stretch compared to random-walk protocols is very good. The tradeoff is added latency by choosing suboptimal paths.


Abstract : During the first year of this grant, an extensive retrospective database was constructed with emphasis on early hemodynamic studies of patients with severe trauma. The goal is to produce a comprehensive, objective, unbiased database that can be independently mined by members of the combat-casualty-care community. The database is expected to provide insight into the resuscitative outcome of combat casualties and civilian trauma victims. One of the major goals of this project is to identify physiological parameters that are strong predictors of outcome or reflect the need for further therapy. A total of 689 patients are currently in the main database. These patients were monitored with state-of-the-art non-invasive sensors as well as with invasive techniques and procedures. The database is considered very high in quality and utility because the diagnostic measurements are comprehensive, and the prevalence of non-survivors is high. Approximately 180 additional patient histories were processed during the first project year, which represents an increase of -40% in the number of trauma patients studies compared to the previous year. Additional data are required for the development of a large validation group to test predictor-guided models. An initial assessment of outcome predictors indicates that a mathematical "nearest neighbor" analysis is the best technique for predicting survival/non-survival, whereas PtcO(sub 2)/FIO(sub 2) has emerged as the best single parameter predictor. The overall goal is to identify patients who are at risk in the earliest stage of the therapeutic process, adjust therapies to improve outcomes, and promptly determine whether the new therapy will lead to survival. In this regard, analyses of hemodynamic patterns provide an important decision-making aid.


The present invention relates to a method for extracting from roasted cereal products, cereal shoots, coffee or cocoa-containing xanthohumol (XN) extract. XN content of the extract in the 10mg / kg ~ 2g / kg xanthohumol range. Use baking XN XN extract can improve the content of food and medicine in a natural way.


In this paper, a blind source separation algorithm based on time delay estimation (TDE) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is proposed. In the TDE module, sub-band generalized cross correlation (GCC), frequency-sliding and singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques are used to get more accurate estimation. The time differences of arrival (TDOA) estimation of sources can be obtained from weighted low-rank approximation of the Frequency-Sliding GCC (FS-GCC) matrix. Then the sound sources are reconstructed in the NMF module by grouping the dictionary atoms according to their spatial information. The experiment uses utterances from SiSEC2018 database. Performance is quantified using the BSS Eval toolkits. Results prove that the proposed algorithm outperforms the compared ones in the noisy environments.


Provided is a variable frequency heating device used for power generation. The variable frequency heating device used for the power generation comprises a solar energy power generation unit or a wind power generation unit, a variable frequency power source, a transformer, a controller and a heater, wherein the controller and the transformer are respectively connected with the variable frequency power source, the controller is used for timely controlling and adjusting the variable frequency power source, electric current after frequency conversion is led in the heater by the transformer to produce heat to heat or preheat current passing by, an appropriate form such as winding by using a metallic conduit, wherein insulating materials are coated on the surface of the metallic conduit can be used by an output winding of the transformer, a heating coil or a resistance wire of the heater is made according to the size requirement and the power requirement of the heater, finally the effect of heating or preheating of working current is achieved.


Maturation and proliferation of radio frequency identification (RFID) and Web technologies has paved way for convergence of these hitherto separate technological branches. Near field communication (NFC), a derivative of RFID, has been introduced in mobile phones to enable short-range contactless identification in consumer services. Coming of age of Internet has brought along several fully fledged and standardized technologies, including JavaScript, CSS, DOM, and XML, for development of interactive and responsive browser applications, referred to as rich internet applications (RIA). In this paper we present and evaluate a framework for integration of NFC and rich Internet applications.


Recently, the improvement of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies leverages many new technologies like the virtual study room, virtual architecture room. Such virtual worlds require free handed drawing technology such as writing descriptions of formula or drawing blue print of buildings. In nature, lots of view point modifications occur when we walk around inside the virtual world. Especially, we often look some objects from near to far distance in the virtual world. Traditional drawing methods like using fixed size image for drawing unit is not produce acceptable result because they generate blurred and jaggy result as view distance varying. We propose a novel method which robust to the environment that produce lots of magnifications and minimizations like the virtual reality world. We implemented our algorithm both two dimensional and three dimensional devices. Our algorithm does not produce any artifacts, jaggy or blurred result regardless of scaling factor.


Low-temperature sintering to fabricate MgB2 is considered a promising method because it reduces the formation of MgO and reduces the grain size, thereby increasing the critical current density. Chemical doping, ball milling of precursor and modifying the Mg source in precursor for low-temperature sintering have all been carefully investigated. However, the threshold of sintering temperature have been kept near 500 °C. A new in-situ method to low-temperature sintering using Mg(BH4)2 as a precursor is presented in this paper. Mg(BH4)2 decomposes into highly reactive nanoscale Mg and B in a molar ratio of 1:2 without impurities. In this method, only 2 h of sintering at 400 °C is required to completely react Mg with B to produce MgB2, and after 54 h sintering, the sample has comparable J C to the normal MgB2 from solid-state reaction method sintered at 800 °C. The sample sintered at 500 °C give better J C than normal MgB2 under both high and low magnetic field.


Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the possible role of ice shielding in the anomalous preservation of gas hydrates. Two cases of ice shielding were considered: immersion of hydrate particles into bulk ice Ih and wrapping of similar particles in a thin ice shell. For a microscopic-level model of methane hydrate clusters immersed in bulk ice the excess pressure in the hydrate phase at 250 K was found to be sufficient to shift the gas hydrate into the region of thermodynamic stability on the phase diagram. For the second model the temperature dependence of various properties of the hydrate/ice nanocluster was studied. The surface tension estimates based on the Laplace equation show non-monotonic dependence on temperature, which might indicate the possible involvement of hydrate/ice interfacial phenomena in the self-preservation of gas hydrates.


The invention provides an electric double-wheel somatosensory balance car. The electric double-wheel somatosensory balance car comprises a box body, a steering assembly, an installation box, a motor, a control signal receiving unit, a loudspeaker and an audio decoder; the box body is arranged between two wheels of the balance car, the steering assembly is rotatably arranged on the box body and used for achieving wheel steering, the installation box is arranged on the steering assembly, the motor is used for driving the balance car to run, the control signal receiving unit is arranged on the installation box and used for receiving a control signal, the loudspeaker is arranged in the box body, and the audio decoder is used for play an audio file through the loudspeaker according to the control signal. According to the electric double-wheel somatosensory balance car, the audio decoder and the loudspeaker are arranged to play sound, therefore, a user of the electric somatosensory balance car can enjoy splendid music and acquire enjoyment in auditory sense.


The invention provides a novel banana-shaped tenon/mortise for mounting and connecting of an air compressor blade and a drum-shaped wheel disc. A blade tenon is arranged in a mortise of the drum-shaped wheel disc, the positioning of the mortise direction is fixed by a locking screw, the thickness of the blade tenon is gradually reduced from the center to the two sides by using a blade centroid axis as the center, the depth of the mortise of the drum-shaped wheel disc is gradually reduced to the two sides until the mortise is flush with the outer edge of the drum-shaped wheel disc, and the shape of the mortise is the same as the shape of the outer edge. The novel banana-shaped tenon/mortise has the advantages that the novel banana-shaped tenon/mortise is designed by combining the modern engineering dynamics calculation method and the tenon/mortise design experiences; when an air compressor runs at high speed, the force at the centroid axis is largest, the mortise, assembled with the part, of the drum-shaped wheel disc is deepest, the matching area of the blade tenon and the drum-shaped mortise is largest, the forces at the front edge and the tail edge of the blade are smaller, and the matching area of the tenon and the mortise at the part is smaller, so the reasonable distribution of the stress at the connecting part of the blade and the drum-shaped wheel disc is guaranteed by the blade and drum-shaped wheel disc connecting method, the strength margin is higher, and the influence on the flowing condition of air flow in a passage of the air compressor is smaller.


Findings of substantial variation in adenoma detection rates among endoscopists (JW Gastroenterol Jan 12 2007) have been a major impetus in the development of quality indicators for colonoscopy performance. To further measure variation in detection rates among endoscopists and identify associated factors, researchers retrospectively analyzed data from screening colonoscopies performed in 2664 patients (mean age, 59; 42% women) by 25 endoscopists in a corporate-based screening program. Each …


It is shown that during developing continuous casting technology, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks related to finding the optimal technology option, creating special equipment to expand the range of cast blanks and calculating optimal parameters. The profile, dimensions and material of the blanks determine the continuous casting method choice and the installation type. Designs of the most important components and mechanisms are being developed for the selected type of installation. For the selected design solution, based on the lesson learned and available research, optimal thermal and technological parameters of casting are calculated.


The subject of this thesis is the analyze of the superconducting upper critical field (Hc2) and the interaction between superconductivity and quantum critical points (QCP), for the compounds CeCoIn5, URhGe and UCoGe. In CeCoIn5, study by mean of resistivity of the Fermi liquid domain allows us to localize precisely the QCP at ambient pressure. This analyze rule out the previously suggested pinning of Hc2(0) at the QCP. In a second part, the evolution of Hc2 under pressure is analyzed. The superconducting dome is unconventional in this compound with two characteristic pressures: at 1.6GPa, the superconducting transition temperature is maximum but it is at 0.4GPa that physical properties (maximum of Hc2(0), maximum of the initial slope dHc2/dT, maximum of the specific heat jump DC/C,... ) suggest a QCP. We explain this antagonism with pair-breaking effects in the proximity of the QCP.With these two experiments, we suggest a new phase diagram for CeCoIn5. In a third part, measurements of thermal conductivity on URhGe and UCoGe are presented. We obtained the bulk superconducting phase transition and confirmed the unusual curvature of the slope dHc2/dT observed by resistivity. The temperatures and fields dependence of thermal conductivity allow us to identify a non-electronic contribution for heat transport down to the lowest temperature (50mK) and probably associated with magnon or longitudinal fluctuations. We also identified two different domains in the superconducting region, These domains are compatible with a two bands model for superconductivity. Thermopower measurements on UCoGe reveal a strong anisotropy to current direction and several anomaly under field applied in the b direction. We suggest a Lifshitz transition to explain our observations in these two compounds.


Load frequency control (LFC) is a very important component in power system operation and control for supplying sufficient and reliable electric power with high quality. To ensure satisfactory area frequency and inter-area tie-line power is one of the main requirements for the LFC. This paper presents a multi-functional fuzzy logic based tie-line bias control (TBC) scheme considering the MWh constraint for the power transmission on the tie-line and the regulation margin. In addition, the real power flow constraint on each trunk line is also taken into account. A detailed nonlinear LFC simulator has been developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of both the proposed control scheme and the simulator performance.


The viscosity approximation methods are employed to establish strong convergence of the modified Mann iteration scheme to a common zero of a finite family of accretive operators on a strictly convex Banach space with uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Our work improves and extends various results existing in the current literature.


Effective control of invasive species and conservation of native biodiversity requires accurate species identification. Several species of apple snails (Ampullariidae: Pomacea) from South America have become widespread pests in Asia since their introduction in the early 1980s, but their taxonomic uncertainty has hindered our understanding of the invasive processes. We aim to determine the identity and distribution of Pomacea species in Hong Kong, which has been known as a stepping stone of species invasion.


We present an empirical strategy to determine the Hamiltonian dynamics of a two-qubit system using only initialization and measurement in a single fixed basis. Signal parameters are estimated from measurement data using Bayesian methods from which the underlying Hamiltonian is reconstructed, up to three unobservable phase factors. We extend the method to achieve full control Hamiltonian tomography for controllable systems via a multistep approach. The technique is demonstrated and evaluated by analyzing data from simulated experiments including projection noise.


In this paper, we propose using a pre-segmented example mode l to perform semantic-oriented segmentation of non-rigid 3D models of the same class (human, octopus, quadr upeds, etc.). Using the fact that the same type of non-rigid models share the same global topological structu re, we exploit coarse topological shape attributes in conjunction with a seed-based segmentation approach to tra nsfer a meaningful and consistent segmentation from the example to the target models. Promising results of inter -shape segmentation transfer are shown and discussed for different classes of models.


In October 1997 the Times of London announced the sale by auction of fourteen hundred gold coins that formed part of the hoard lost by Clive of India when the East Indiaman Dodington was wrecked in Algoa Bay on July 17, 1755. The wreck and its contents lie within South African territorial waters and are protected by South African heritage legislation. Very little gold has ever been reported recovered, despite ongoing excavations, and only a single permit has been issued for the export and sale of twenty–one gold coins. This article will consider the legal steps taken to repatriate the coins, and the difficulties encountered when taking such steps before a foreign court. It evaluates the extent to which existing international conventions, including the recently adopted UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, are able to assist states in repatriating stolen or illegally exported underwater cultural heritage.


BACKGROUND: Bet v 1 family identified as one major plant food allergen class, is highly homologous to pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR-10), but its biological function involved in disease resistance is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether Bet v 1 potential allergens participate in the resistance of berry crops against fungal pathogen. METHODS: Allergenicity of Bet v 1 proteins in strawberry (Fragaria) was evaluated by bioinformatics methods. Their expression in response to anthracnose and between susceptible and resistance varieties was analyzed. RESULTS: 19 Bet v 1 homologous proteins were identified and 15 of them were considered as allergen candidates. RNA-seq analysis indicated most of these Fra a 1s expressed in fruits could be largely induced by the invasion of anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum. The mRNA level of fruit major allergen Fra a 1.05 in the resistant variety Shenyang (SY) was 20∼50 fold higher compared with those in the susceptible cultivar and two diploid wild species. Immunoblotting using Birch (Betula pendula) Bet v 1 allergen-specific IgG antibody confirmed the large-scale accumulation of potential cross-reactive antigens in SY fruit. CONCLUSIONS: Strawberry Bet v 1 potential allergens exhibit their correspondence with anthracnose resistance that might be instructive to future breeding strategies.


The invention relates to a packing gasket for protecting a liquid crystal display panel semi-finished product. The packing gasket for protecting the liquid crystal display panel semi-finished product comprises first separation portions and second separation portions extending from the side faces of the first separation portions in the radial direction, wherein the thickness of the first separation portions is larger than that of the second separation portions. Cavities which can contain circuit board assemblies are formed between the second separation portions of the packing gasket and the adjacent packing gasket, and the height of the cavities is larger than the distance between the first separation portions of every two adjacent packing gaskets. Accordingly, the negative effect generated due to the fact that the maximum thickness of the printed circuit board assemblies is larger than the thickness of a liquid crystal display panel can be weakened.


Water migration changes the water distribution of loess and significantly affects the engineering properties of loess. However, because of the characteristics of loess such as water sensitivity and special structure, it is still difficult to understand the water migration trend of loess. The objectives of this study are to investigate the water diffusion coefficient and soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of loess, focusing on the effect of temperature and density, and establish a mixed migration equation for gaseous and liquid water to develop a new calculation method of loess water migration. The results show that the density of loess with larger liquid water content has a more significant effect on the diffusion coefficient than that of less liquid water content. Furthermore, the density significantly affects the matric suction of unsaturated loess, while the temperature change at normal temperature has slight effect. Based on the data obtained in this study, the soil water permeability coefficient was obtained. Moreover, considering the characteristics of mixed migration of gas and liquid water in unsaturated loess, an equation was derived for the gas-liquid water transfer in unsaturated loess. The calculation results are consistent with the experimental results of water migration experiment. Based on the calculation results of water migration, the trend of water migration and proportion of gaseous water during migration were analyzed.


The phenomenon of sponsored search advertising---where advertisers pay a fee to Internet search engines to be displayed alongside organic (nonsponsored) Web search results---is gaining ground as th...


The k-equation subgrid-scale model is used for large-eddy simulation(LES) of the pollutant performance in the model afterburner with V-gutter flame stabilizer. A two-step turbulent combustion subgrid-scale model is employed for calculating carbon monoxide CO concentration. The NO subgrid-scale pollutant formation model is applied to the evaluation of the rate of NO formation. The EBU combustion subgrid-scale model is used to determine the chemical reaction rate. The heat flux model is applied to prediction of the heat flux. Agreement between the predictions and experiments shows that pollution formation subgrid-scale models can be used to predict pollutant emissions in an afterburner.


The purpose of this paper is to find a method to release the contradiction between limited land resources and increasing demand of land for construction.Methods of documentation and deduction are employed.The results indicate that it is imperative to establish regional and even national market for trading the quota of farmland to be occupied for construction.The quota can be traded in the market for any project conforming to land use planning.The money obtained by the government from the trade should be used for land consolidation and reclamation exclusively.This market can also be a tool for the government to link the occupation and reclamation of land together within any construction projects,which also leads to the enforcement of the so-called policy of dynamic balance of cultivated land resource at macro-level.


Arguably, the internet's biggest security hole is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which establishes routes between the organisational networks that make up the internet (e.g. Google, Facebook, Bank of England, Deutsche Telekom, AT&T). The insecurity of the internet's routing system is constantly exploited to steal, monitor, and tamper with data traffic. Yet, despite many years of Herculean efforts, internet routing security remains a distant dream. The goal of the SIREN project is to propose and investigate novel paradigms for closing this security hole.


ABSTRACT The focus of this article is the performance of a specific type of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system operating in cold climates, known as variable volume and temperature (VVT). Information was gathered about system performance in an 8250 combined degree day climate at approximately 44°N latitude in the Eastern United States. The observations are based on the experience gained from installing new systems, retrofitting controls on existing systems, system commissioning, and responding to client distress calls of both newly installed and existing VVT systems, from 1987 to the present. The results indicate that VVT systems are most often favored for low first costs but lead to significant issues with comfort, excess operational expense, and tenant retention problems.


Under mild regularity assumptions on its domain the infinitesimal generator of a Feller process is known to be a pseudo-differential operator. We give a simple condition on the symbol of the generator in order to characterize the smoothness of the sample paths of real-valued Feller processes in terms of Besov spaces B s pq(R). Our result extends previous papers on the paths of


We consider superharmonic functions relative to a quasi-linear second order elliptic dierential operator L with lower order term and weighted structure conditions. We show that, given a nonnegative finite Radon measure ", there is a superharmonic function u satisfying Lu = " with weak zero boundary values. Moreover, we give a pointwise upper estimate for superharmonic functions in terms of the Wol potential.


How might we define the term 'queer heritage'? We could choose to define it as encompassing the whole culture of 'queerness' that we have in a sense 'inherited' from the past. And that would include everything from our politics to our language to our literature. In other words, it would constitute the passing on of a tradition of what it has meant to be queer in this part of the world. What I am concerned with here, however, is restricted to the physical places and landscapes created or inhabited by homosexuals in the Asia-Pacific region in the past. These would include the buildings or outdoor spaces that we have lived in, danced in, or had sex in. The places where we have created gardens, painted, written novels, or fallen in love. It would include gay beaches and gay beach resorts, the sites of lesbian music camps, famous cruising areas in public parks or shopping malls, saunas and sex clubs, gay hairdressers, drag clubs, gay and lesbian discos. It would also, of course, include sites of discrimination and physical violence against us. There are also the gay websites like Gaydar and Fridae which contain places like chatrooms and noticeboards where people meet and circulate in a queer virtual landscape. I restrict myself in this paper, however, to 'real' topographic space as distinct from virtual space. What I'm invoking when I talk about queer heritage is a whole queer geography or topography. That is to say, a constellation of sites of homosexuality scattered across the landscape


Crosslinking of partially neutralized carboxyl-terminated liquid rubbers (PNCTLR) with bisepoxide and anhydride was investigated by the PNCTLR–bisepoxide–anhydride reactions. The PNCTLR were prepared, by the partial neutralization with MgO and CaO, from a polymer of butadiene (Hycar CTB 2000X162) and a copolymer of butadiene–acrylonitrile (Hycaṙ CTBN 1300X8). As the bisepoxide, bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether was used, and hexahydrophthalic anhydride was the anhydride used. It was found that the metal carboxylate groups of PNCTLR catalyze the crosslinking reactions, and, further, the Mg carboxylate group showed higher catalytic activities than the Ca carboxylate group. As for the physical properties of the cured rubbers obtained, the rubbers containing Mg showed higher tensile strength and Shore A hardness than those containing Ca. In addition, the CTBN-series cured rubbers showed better physical properties than those of the CTB-series, because of a polarity effect of nitrile groups in the former rubbers. Resistances to water and chemical attack, thermal behavior, and stress relaxation are also discussed.


. Problems in structure of water load power meter and waveguide assemblies of the communication satellite transponder thermal test. This paper analyzes water load layout and reasons of signal attenuation, and then it proposes an optimization that put water load detached from satellite's board. To ensure the reason of waveguide signal loss, this paper discusses the internal electromagnetic field distribution and currents on waveguide wall. the result of signal loss value showed that the new optimization can decrease signal attenuation value and shorten the process of crafts implementation.


Kaolinite subgroup is found in Tarim basin as kaolin and dickite pieces,both have individual feature and forming con-dition.The authigenic kaolinite occurred in Lower Jurassic,Triassic,Carboniferous sand-shale member and Kela No.2gas struc-tural zone(Palaeogene and Lower Cretaceous),allothigenous kaolinite appeared in Lower Ordovician limestone cracks.The dickite is found in Carboniferous sandstone of Mincan No.1Well in southern Tarim.According to mineral features of kaolinite and dick-ite,the sedimentary environments of these horizons and water media at stage of hydrocarbon accumulation are analyzed.The re-sults suggest that Lunnan Well59to Cao-2Well Block in period of Late Devonian Donghetang formation was smothered bay en-vironment,Donghe-1,2and4Well Blocks were inshore deposition.The dickite is transformed from kaoline crystal under the condition of structural geotherm at500℃.


semester of the study of French. The original text has been abridged, simplified, and annotated in the following manner: Most of the vocabulary and idioms have been reduced to the first fifteen hundred words of the Vander Beke French Word Book and the corresponding part of Cheydleur's French Idiom List. Close cognates of familiar English words in the first seventy-five hundred of the Thorndike list occur. Various forms of irregular verbs which might cause difficulty appear in the general vocabulary. Footnotes explain the more uncommon grammatical constructions as well as historical and place references, an arrangement which obviates the wearisome business of referring constantly to an obscure section of notes at the end of the book. Furthermore, according to the position of this work in the "Chicago French Series," 190 new words appear, many of which are arranged to come in quick repetition-a favorable learning situation.


The layered organic material α − (BEDT − TTF )2I3 (aI3), which has been studied since the 1980s, has recently attracted renewed interest because it reveals low-energy massless Dirac fermions under hydrostatic pressure (P ¿ 1.5 GPa). Compared to graphene, or electronic states at the surface of threedimensional topological insulators, aI3 is strikingly different in several respects. Apart from the tilt of the Dirac cones and the anisotropy in the Fermi surface, its average Fermi velocity is roughly one order of magnitude smaller than that in graphene. This, together with an experimentally identified low-temperature charge-ordered phase at ambient pressure, indicates the relevance of electronic correlations. Therefore, correlations are expected to be ten times larger in aI3 than in graphene, and ! aI3 thus opens the exciting prospective to study strongly-correlated Dirac fermions that are beyond the scope of graphene electrons. Here, we present magnetotransport measurements of aI3 crystals under hydrostatic pressure larger than 1.5 GPa where Dirac carriers are present. We show not only the existence of high-mobility Dirac carriers as already reported [1], but we also prove experimentally the presence of low-mobility massive carriers, in agreement with recent band-structure calculations [2]. The interplay between both carrier types at low energy is the main result of our studies [3]. Furthermore, we show that the measured mobilities for the two carrier types hint at scattering mechanisms due to strongly screened interaction potentials or other short-range scatterers.


IMPLICATIONS
We report a case illustrating the serious perioperative consequences that can potentially result from failure to provide adequate thyroid hormone therapy for severe hypothyroidism before cardiac surgery.


Abstract The duality results of Wolfe for scalar convex programming problems and some of the more recent duality results for scalar nonconvex programming problems are extended to vector valued programs. Weak duality is established using a 'Pareto' type relation between the primal and dual objective functions.


Extractive reserves established in the Amazon have given development professionals hope for solving two critical problems in conservation and development: the empowerment of indigenous people and the conservation of tropical forests. The extraction of non‐timber forest products has provided an important part of the livelihood strategies of rainforest dwelling people and of the regional economy of East Kalimantan for some two millennia. The specific political‐economic and environmental circumstances of Indonesia and interior Kalimantan, however, preclude applying the Amazonian model for extractive reserves. Using a political ecology framework, this article analyses sociological and environmental factors emerging over the past two and a half decades and influencing contemporary rattan production and trade. Based on this analysis, the author concludes that the politics of forest management, at both the national and local levels, are more conducive to village level extractive reserves than to regional, labour‐based organizations.


ABSTRACT Introduction: After tooth extraction, the extraction socket heals by forming a blood clot which leads to the formation of new bone within 3-4 months. Although bone deposition in the socket will continue for several months, it will not reach the crestal level of the neighboring teeth. Objective: Is to clinically and radiographically evaluate the use of Bioscaffold Alvelac™ in preservation of dimensional measure of alveolar bone after extraction of teeth. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on twelve patients divided in to two equal groups (study group and control group). Indicated for extraction of anterior maxillary teeth, in the study group, the bioscaffold Alvelac™ was inserted into the empty socket after extraction and was supported by 3-0 silk with figure of eight sutures. In the control group, extraction of upper anterior teeth was done without introducing any material and the wound was sutured. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease of alveolar bone width and height in both groups at three months postoperative interval compared with the bone width and height at the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: Immediate tooth extraction stabilizes the bioscaffold Alvelac™ material in the socket and allows it to act as a scaffold for bone deposition. From this study, it is clear that, this material allows preservation of the dimensional measure of the alveolar bone. Key Words: Tooth extraction, Alveolar bone, socket preservation, Scaffold, Alvelac™.


Background: Liver can be damaged by various factors, including the oxidative stress mechanism. This damage can be inhibited by the application of anti-oxidant. The Annona muricata L. leaf is known to have antioxidant properties. This study aimed to explore the effect of Annona muricata L. leaf extract against hepatitis in rats. Methods: An experimental study was performed on 25 male Wistar rats that were given Annona muricata L. leaf ethanol extract at 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW for eight days. The CCl4 was administrated on the eighth day and the rats were laparotomized on the next day. The average number of normal hepatocytes was counted in one field of view. This study was conducted at the laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran in September–October 2012. Results: The negative control group showed an intact cell membrane, homogenous cytoplasm, and round nucleus, whereas the positive control group showed necrosis marked by a ruptured cell membrane, vacuolated cytoplasm, and degenerated nucleus. The average number of normal hepatocytes counted in the negative control and the positive group was 404.91±34.09 cells and 23.16±7.84 cells, respectively. In the treatment group, the normal hepatocytes were 95.91±20.96 cells (200 mg/kgBW), 74.53±13.59 cells (400 mg/kgBW) and 46.84±8.46 cells (600 mg/kgBW). Statistically significant inhibition was observed (p<0.05). Conclusions: The Annona muricata L. leaf ethanol extract can inhibit liver tissue damages in hepatitis model rats, possibly due to the presence of acetogenins as an anti-oxidant agent.


This paper proposes a digital predistorter which can compensate nonlinearity and memory effects of power amplifier in a communication system,which consists of an adaptive equalizer and a memoryless predistorter based on polyaminals.The memoryless predistorter is used for compensating nonlinearity,whose parameters are estimated by using a narrowband training sequence,while the equalizer is used for compensating memory effects,whose parameters are iteratively updated by means of an adaptive algorithm.Because nonlinearity and memory effects are pocessed seperately,the structure of the predistorter and its adaptive algorithms are much simpler than those of the conventional one.Simulation results show that the predistorter can correct the signal distortion effectively caused by nonlinearity and memory effects of power amplifiers.


The joining of high-temperature superconductor YBCO bulks was performed with Ag foils at two kinds of brazing parameters. The levitation force of the superconducting original bulks and the brazed joints after oxygenation was measured to evaluate the superconducting properties,the results demonstrate that the levitation force of the joints could reach up to 69.88% and 79.37% of the original YBCO bulks ,respectively. The trapped field distributions on the surface of YBCO original bulks and the brazed joints were measured by a Hall probe automated scanning system. and exhibits a cone profile for the original bulk,whereas two peaks for the joint and the assembly parts of original bulks. However,the transitional zone in the trapped field distribution profile of the joint is narrow than that of the assembly,and the magnetic density is higher.


Nanostructured polymers have recently received considerable attention because of their potential to advance many diverse applications. Significant research has focused on synthesizing these polymers using lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) templates. The goal of this method is to produce polymeric gels with structures templated from the original surfactant system. Extensive synthesis of inorganic polymers has relied on this method. Recently liquid crystalline nanostructure has also been templated onto organic polymers with full retention of structure. The structures formed through this method of synthesis are highly dependent on polymerization kinetics. Significant understanding of the unique polymerization mechanism in LLC material has resulted from monitoring the polymerization kinetics of many monomer/LLC systems. These studies have revealed the roles of the monomer and liquid crystal components in the structure development of the resulting polymers. Monomers of different polarity display significantly different polymerization kinetics and also result in drastically different polymer structures due to their segregation in different domains within the liquid crystalline system.


Against economic globalization backdrop, the government and scholars pay close attention to the e-commerce. Using the analysis tool--UCINET, the paper conducted an empirical analysis of E-commerce conference communication network based on social network theory. We have established an information database of Chinese E-commerce Conference, which reflects the relationships of conference communication network between them. Our findings are as follows: ①Some actors are in core position of the network, becoming the pioneers of leading the development of the retail industry network. But on the whole network, the network's centralization doesn't differ greatly. ②The communication network exerts a typical small world phenomenon. ③The conference communication network has no obvious phenomenon of "assigned" or "grade".


Using organic coatings helps to protect PET (polyethylene terephthalates) surfaces, improve surface hardness, scratch resistance, and solvent resistance, prolong the service life of PET film, and to expand their scope of applications. There were some disadvantages, including poor flexibility and impact resistance in high-hardness coatings; organic coatings should also be modified to improve the toughness. Herein, a UV (ultraviolet curing) curable high-hardness organic coating used in PET surface protection was prepared and modified with inorganic nanoparticles, such as OVPOSS (octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane). The effects of the categories of nanoparticles on the coating performance were studied. UV-Vis spectra (ultraviolet visible light spectra), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometer), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), DMA (dynamic-mechanical), SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope), and AFM (atomic force microscope) were used to characterize the properties of the coatings. The results showed that the addition of eight-vinyl POSS to the organic coating significantly increased its glass transition temperature (Tg) from 100 to 120 °C, improved its storage modulus from 167.6 MPa to 258.9 MPa, and raised its impact resistance and flexibility. The SEM and AFM images displayed that the eight-vinyl POSS particles were dispersed homogeneously in the coating, arranged in an ordered network, and had good compatibility with organic components. The film displayed excellent properties, including 4 H of the pencil hardness, 100 g cm of impact resistance, excellent flexibility, and 90% of light transmittance, with the addition of 0.3 wt % OVPOSS. TGA analysis revealed that the coating had good thermal stability, with 5% weight loss temperature up to 335 °C.


By a simple procedure, using a readily reproducible medium, most strains of H. influenzae can be stored for four weeks or more and can be sent through the post. Capsulate strains can be stored in this way without apparent change.


............................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................. iii TABLE OF C O N TEN TS.......................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................... vl LIST OF F IG U R E S ................................................................................................... vli IN TR O D U C TIO N ...................................................................................................... 1 FLATHEAD B A S IN ..................................................................................... 1 ASHLEY C R EEK .......................................................................................... 2 STUDY A R E A ........................................................................................................... 4 ASHLEY CREEK D RAINAG E.................................................................... 4 SAMPLE SITES .......................................................................................... 7 KALISPELL SEWAGE TREATMENT P L A N T ..................................... 10 METHODS AND MATERIALS ......................................................................... 14 WATER CHEMISTRY S T U D Y .............................................................. 14 RESPIRATION S T U D Y ............................................................................ 17 MACROINVERTEBRATES .................................................................... 21 CHLOROPHYLL a ..................................................................................... 22 ASH FREE DRY W E IG H T ....................................................................... 23 SURFACE AREA ..................................................................................... 23 DARK LIGHT B O TTLE ......................................................................... 23 DIURNAL OXYGEN S T U D Y ................................................................. 24 FLOW ........................................................................................................ 25 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................... 26 FLOW VELOCITY AND VOLUME ...................................................... 26 A L K A L IN IT Y ............................................................................................. 29 T U R B ID IT Y ................................................................................................ 32 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE ................................................................. 35 p H ................................................................................................................. 37 TEM PERA TURE........................................................................................ 41 CHLORINE ................................................................................................ 43 PHOSPHORUS CO M PO UNDS.............................................................. 45 SOLUBLE REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS..................................... 48 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS............................................................... 51


With expansion of global energy consumption and environmental pollution, traditional fossil energy sources and greenhouse gases cannot reach the imperishable development of human society. The usage of clean, renewable energy sources has become a mere essential for the development of human society. Solar energy, energy wind, biomass, tidal, and geothermal energy, are eco-friendly and emerging as an alternate source of energy. Among a variety of new energy technologies, solar power is most abundant, inexhaustible and one of the most promising technologies. Solar photovoltaic technology is one of the renewable technologies, which has a potential to shape a clean, reliable, scalable and affordable electricity system for the future. This article provides a comprehensive review of solar photovoltaic technology. Over the past four decades silicon solar cells have advanced tremendously both in terms of photovoltaic material and efficiency. The working principles of photovoltaic materials have also been discussed.


A family of stochastic control problems for diffusion processes in noncompact symmetric spaces of rank one are described and explicitly solved. The problem is to control Brownian motion in a noncompact symmetric space of rank one by a drift so that it remains close to a fixed point in the space called the origin. The solution is obtained by finding a smooth solution to the Hamilton-Jaobbi or dynamic programming equation for the control problem. All noncompact symmetric spaces of rank one and dimension ≥2 are included and for each of these symmetric spaces a countably infinite family of different, explicitly solvable control problems are given. The cost functional for these control problems are obtained from some spherical functions on these spaces. These spherical functions are monotone increasing functions of the distance of a point from the origin.


Algirdas Julien Greimas uses semiotic square to clarify the relationship between characters in the text, and studies the original value judgment of the text through logical deduction. This complete and effective interpretation method has been gradually applied to more disciplines. Today, in works such as Mo Dao Zu Shi, the characterization of characters is increasingly complicated, while the flat characterization is gradually declining. Therefore, the internal factors that form character images in literary works begin to become more and more complex. The use of Algirdas Julien Greimas's semiotic square to analyze the relationship between multiple factors in a character's personality not only reveals the multifaceted nature of the character in front of readers, but also helps to build a feasible frame for the creation of character images in the future.


This analysis of a sample of territorial or border disputes 30 years after the beginning of Yugoslavia's disintegration is informed by a pluri-angle analytical framework. With territorial disputes, a single reading of the phenomenon by international law with its established principles and standards of peaceful dispute settlement can be insufficient. More often than not, territorial disputes not only relate to territorial sovereignty per se, but also to issues of nation-building and statehood, identity narratives, ontological security, and(perceived) legitimacy as to whether a border is 'just'. In the context of EU enlargement, the level of power (a)symmetry between actors also plays a role. Looking at the case studies (i) Croatia v. Slovenia, (ii) Serbia v. Croatia, and (iii)Serbia v. Kosovo, this paper demonstrates why States sometimes do not comply with EU conditionality and that the behaviour of State actors is by no means irrational, but can well sustain a dispute and/or pose a threat to dispute settlement by international law.


Analysis of Sewage Characteristics are made to determine those constituents that may cause problem in its treatment and disposal, to aid in selecting the correct type of treatment process, or to show the degree of pollution and progress of self purification of a body of water with view to investigate such aspect, this study is proposed for the city of Peshawar. The data on characteristics and flows which this study aims to investigate will be of assistance in the selection of treatment process and for future expansion of sewerage system. For this purpose well known selected parameters for sewage and industrial waste will be investigated in accordance with Standard Methods including the sanitary survey. The mean BOD, COD and Suspended Solids for Peshawar sewage are obtained as 300 mg/l, 529 mg/l and 459 mg/lrespectively.


The nitrogen loss way in winter wheat and summer maize was studied based on field experimental data. The results showed that nitrogen recovery rate was significantly decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilization rate, while residual rate and loss rate had a increasing trend. Accumulated ammonia volatilization loss in winter wheat and summer maize was 12.8(N0),22.0(N120),33.0(N240) and 64.5 kg N per ha(N360), respectively, and the rate of ammonia volatilization loss was 3.8%, 4.2% and 7.2%, respectively, while urea was mixed into 0-10cm soil or spread before irrigation. Denitrification loss with acetylene soil core incubation method in winter wheat was lower than 1 kg N per ha and the rate of denitrification loss was 0.21%-0.26% or trace. Denitrification loss in summer maize was 1-14 kg N per ha and the rate of denitrification loss was 1%-5%. The total gaseous loss in winter wheat and summer maize was less than 10%, and the main nitrogen fertilizer loss way was leaching below 0-100 cm soil profile and accumulated in deeper soil.


Tabunka kyōsei ("multicultural coexistence"), a specifically Japanese concept of multiculturalism, has been adopted as a policy orientation by the country's central and regional governments. The development of this concept has been significantly influenced by international trends in the concept of multiculturalism. Above all, attention has been focused on developments in Canada and Australia , which both introduced multiculturalism as a national policy in the 1970s. However, Japan's appropriation of the concept has been selective, involving a process of filtering overseas trends to retain only the most convenient elements. As a result, while Japan may appear on a cursory overview to be making a transition towards a "multicultural" orientation, in actual fact this has entailed virtually no change to the fundamental structure of the nation. Tessa Morris-Suzuki has termed this phenomenon "cosmetic multiculturalism" (Morris-Suzuki [2002]). In her view, cosmetic multiculturalism celebrates cultural diversity, but restricts its scope to ensure that it will not threaten vested interests or promote the fundamental rethinking of existing institutions (Morris-Suzuki [2002] p.156). Implicit in this formulation is the suggestion that multiculturalism does promote (and has promoted) the reform of existing institutions. By contrast, Japan's concept of "tabunka kyōsei" represents a zone of safety which protects the nation from the anxiety provoked by change by sealing off the orientation towards social transformation.


Mechanical strength is one of the biggest limitations of practical application for tellurite fiber. In this study, we design and fabricate a single mode tellurite composite fiber to overcome the flaw. The fiber has a double cladding structure with tellurite core and inner cladding, the outer cladding, which is made of non-tellurite glass, possesses of appropriate softening temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion, well matched the novelty tellurite glass. The propagation loss of the fiber is less than 0.02 dB/cm @1310 nm. We also investigate the laser property of the fiber by using a homemade watt-class 1590 nm fiber laser. 2 micron fiber laser is demonstrated with a 2 cm length of the fiber.


Cryolesion of the frontoparietal cortex in mice is a well‐described brain injury paradigm that results in increased astrogliosis surrounding the lesion site and is accompanied by a prominent increase in the MAO‐B levels in astrocytes. Whether these increased MAO‐B levels contribute to cellular damage or modulate reactive astrocytosis remains unclear. MAO‐B activity may contribute to cellular damage, since its metabolism products are highly toxic to the cells. Additionally, it has been suggested that MAO‐B inhibition may regulate astrocytic reaction. In this study, we have determined the relative contribution of MAO‐B activity to the outcome following freeze injury. Freeze injury induced a prominent increase of several inflammatory markers, including ICAM, Mac‐1, EB22, and GFAP. Inhibition of MAO‐B activity using the selective inhibitor PF9601N did not reduce this cryolesion‐induced inflammatory response. Additional data revealed that the expression of several cryolesion‐induced cell death genes, such as Fas, Rip, p53, and ICE, was not reduced in PF9601N‐treated mice, evidencing that MAO‐B activity did not contribute to cryolesion‐induced cell death. Definitive functional analysis of the mice using the ladder beam task revealed that MAO‐B inhibition did not improve the cryolesion‐induced motor impairment. These data strongly suggest that, although MAO‐B is highly expressed in the area surrounding the lesion site, its activity does not contribute to the cellular damage or play any role in regulating astrocytic reactivity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A method of determining expansion center and expansion order is proposed in optical pattern recognition. To the reference image, choose an expansion center of one order, and works out optimal order by means of the expansion center. If the optimal order is equal to the selected order, the selected expansion center and order are the optimum; or else do it again choosing another order. Computer simulation results show that the method yields a sharper correlation peak, higher signal-to-noise ration and better correlation discrimination compared with the circular-harmonic filter.


THE financing of medical education is usually discussed in terms of the cost of one of the facets of medical education — for example, the cost of educating only the undergraduate medical student or...


Abstract : Lopment.Technical rept. (Final), FHouston,S. D. ;Bailey, David ;BDM/A- 90F30602-72-C-0388AF-5573557303RADCTR-73-325*Radiofrequency generators, Ultrahigh frequency, Very high frequency, Pulse generators, Generators, Microwaves. The report summarizes the results of a one-year theoretical and experimental study of the frozen wave Hertzian concept for electromagnetic wave generation. The bulk of the effort was devoted to the switch problem, in particular, switch synchronization. Several configurations are evaluated and the design of a 200 MHz generator is treated in some detail. Limitations on frequency, efficiency, power, etc., are discussed in terms of available switch technology, materials, etc.


TheSindbis virus envelope contains twospecies ofintegral membraneglycoproteins, ElandE2.These proteins formheterodimers, andthree dimeric units assemble toformspikes incorporated into theviral surface whichplay an important role inthespecific attachment ofSindbis virus tohostcells. Tomap theneutralization epitopes on thesurface ofthevirus, we constructed a Agtllexpression library withcDNA inserts 100to300 nucleotides longobtained fromrandomly primedsynthesis on Sindbis virus genomic RNA.Thislibrary was screened withfive different neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)specific forE2(MAbs50,51,49,18, and23)andwith oneneutralizing MAb specific forEl(MAb33). When106Agtllplaques were screened with eachantibody, fourpositive clones thatreacted withE2-specific MAb 23were found. Thesefourclones contained overlapping inserts fromglycoprotein E2;thedomainfromresidues 173to220ofglycoprotein E2 was present inallinserts, andwe concluded thatthis region contains theneutralization epitope recognized by theantibody. Noclones thatreacted withtheotherantibodies examined were found, andwe concluded that these antibodies probably recognize conformational epitopes notpresent intheAgtll library. We suggest that theE2domainfromresidues 173to220isa majorantigenic determinant ofSindbis virus andthatthis domain isimportant forvirus attachment tocells.


CGA-15281 applied in the fall delayed bloom in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) by 4–9 days without damage to the trees. The length of the delay was cultivar and concentration dependent. Fall ethephon applications (500 ppm) damaged trees severely, but delayed bloom 10–18 days, whereas 125 or 250 ppm ethephon caused little tree damage and delayed bloom 3–5 days. Bloom delay from application of ethylene-generating compounds resulted from both prolonging rest and slow bud development once rest was complete. Daminozide applied in January caused bloom delay in 1983 but not in 1984. Silver nitrate had little effect on bloom delay or blossom density at any time of application. Dimethipin and merphos applications in late summer caused defoliation and reduced blossom density, but did not affect date of bloom. Thidiazuron did not induce defoliation or delay in bloom, but greatly reduced blossom density. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl)methylbis(phenylmethoxy)silane (CGA-15281); (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon); butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide); 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide (dimethipin); N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron); Tributyl phosphorotrithioite (merphos).


Both quality supervision and inspections and research of Chinese herbal medicine seeds are relatively backward in China,so seeds quality has different levels,which severely affects Chinese herbal medicine production.In recent years,we have done much research in seed quality and inspection of Chinese herbal medicine,and we also get down to establish resource platform and resource library.In order to strengthen the seeds production and supervision,and to work out the seed testing and quality standard,the author discusses the current state,standard constitute,quality research and grading standard of Chinese herbal medicine,and it may provide reference for the intensive study of seeds quality and supervision.


By Daniel Joseph Bonanno University of the Pacific 2022 The data presented in this thesis showcases the investigation of various aerosol types and the role they play in the hydrological system and global climate models. Long-range transport aerosols, including atmospheric soot, mineral dust, and ammonium sulfate, in addition to nearsite sources such as secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), sea spray, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and other organics, are prioritized in the analysis of two separate remote field studies. Each of these campaigns revealed the juxtaposition between dry summer months and wet winter months, and the connection between seasonal variability and sample collection. Two spectromicroscopic techniques were used to elucidate chemical composition, morphology and size of particles. Quantification of C, N, and O was performed using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy coupled with near edge X-ray fine structure (STXM/NEXAFS) and used to generate organic volume fractions and to provide mixing state parameters and diversity measurements. This was followed by utilizing scanning electron microscopy in the energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) mode on the same particle sets to characterize 11 heavier elements: Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Zn.


One of the goals of the original system engineering process defined in the Fort Belvoir Defense System Management College, System Engineering Management Guide and Army Field Manual 770–78 is to minimize changes during the system development process. With the rapid increase in the rate of technological change as well as the increase in the duration of major system development projects, this inability to accommodate change causes performance, cost and schedule problems. To address this need for change the author has developed a Dynamic System Engineering (DSE) Process that expands the bounds of the existing process to focus more attention on the front end of the system development process.


Understanding the urban microclimatic spatial distribution and its impact on thermal comfort is important for integrating climatic consideration into urban design process. This article presents a case study in Tsim Sha Tsui and Tai Po of Hong Kong densely built-up areas to investigate the spatial distribution of microclimatic condition. Air temperature (Ta), wind speed (v), relative humidity (RH) and globe temperature (Tg) of 87 locations in two selected sites were measured on a summer day and a winter day respectively. Physiological Equivalent Temperature was calculated to analyse the thermal comfort condition in two sites. Both numerical simulation and geographical mapping approach were used for the estimation of the microclimatic spatial distribution. Results show that the influence of urban morphology on the microclimatic spatial distribution can be well investigated by using numerical simulation while geographical mapping based on measured data shows higher estimation accuracy due to the consideration of anthropogenic heat and other factors associated with human activities. In summary, this article presents a pragmatic approach of mapping the urban microclimatic spatial distribution that can be referenced by architects and urban designers to raise climatic considerations for designing better cities.


The high-elevation hydropower system in California, composed of more than 150 hydropower plants and regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), supplies 74 percent of in-state hydropower. The system has modest reservoir capacities and has been designed to take advantage of snowpack. The expected shift of runoff peak from spring to winter as a result of climate warming, resulting in snowpack reduction and earlier snowmelt, might have important effects on hydropower operations. Estimation of climate warming effects on such a large system by conventional simulation or optimization methods would be tedious and expensive. This dissertation presents a novel approach for modeling large hydropower systems. Conservation of energy and energy flows are used as the basis for modeling high-elevation high-head hydropower systems in California. The unusual energy basis for reservoir modeling allows for development of hydropower operations models to estimate large-scale system behavior without the expense and time needed to develop traditional streamflow and reservoir volume-based models in absence of storage and release capacity, penstock head, and efficiency information. An Energy-Based Hydropower Optimization Model (EBHOM) is developed to facilitate a practical climate change study based on the historical generation data high-elevation hydropower plants in California. Employing recent historical hourly energy prices, energy generation in California is explored for three climate warming scenarios (dry warming, wet warming, and warming-only) over 14 years, representing a range of hydrologic conditions. Currently, the high-elevation hydropower plants in California have to renew their FERC licenses. A method based on cooperative game theory is developed to explore FERC relicensing process, in which dam owners negotiate over the available instream water with iii other interest groups downstream. It is discussed how the lack of incentive for cooperation results in long delay in FERC relicensing in practice and argued how climate change may provide an incentive for cooperation among the parties to hasten the relicensing. An " adaptive FERC license " framework is proposed, to improve the performance and adaptability of the system to future changes with no cost to the FERC, in face of uncertainty about future hydrological and ecological conditions.


That strong infrared emission is common in spiral galaxies became clear at the tlme of publication of the first group of IRAS papers. De Jong et al. (1984) examined a sample of 165 galaxies in the Shapley-Ames catalog and found that over 80% of spirals (Sa and later) were detected by IRAS, though none of the elllptlcals were seen. Since the publication of the IRAS point source catalog it has been possible to examine the incidence of infrared emission from galaxies on a proper statistical basis. The infrared luminosity function has been calculated by several groups (Lawrence et al. 1986; Solfer et al. 1986; Rieke and Lebofsky 1986). In general it resembles that of galaxies at visible wavelengths except that there appears to be an excess of sources with luminosities above about i0 I0 Lo. These high luminosity objects include active galaxies and "starburst" galaxies that will be receiving much attention elsewhere in this volume. I wlll generally be discussing lower-lumlnoslty spiral galaxies in this paper, although I wlll present evidence that a number of early-type barred spiral galaxies may be exhibiting signs of low-level nuclear activity.


With the deepening of complex network study, the controllability of switched networks has received extensive attention and made some progress. The robustness of controlling switched networks is an important study topic, where the robustness refers to the characteristics of the controlled system maintaining control under certain parameter perturbations. However, there are very few related work on the robustness of controlling switched networks. In this paper, we propose a framework based on the edge classification to quantify and analyze the robustness of controlling switched networks. Based on this framework, we compare the robustness of controlling switched networks and the corresponding static networks, and find that the robustness of switched networks have obvious advantages in dense and homogeneous networks. Then we study the initial nodes of critical edges, and find that their changes showed a single peak. In addition, an adding edge strategy is proposed to optimize the robustness of controlling switched networks.


The results presented confirm the effect known from other works e.g. 4, that the electric strength of solid insulation decreases with the increase of its linear dimensions /size effect/. The application of a point electrode forced a breakdown to occur in a predetermined area. So the decrease of strength could not be related with the increase of the number of weak points. This is also confirmed by the experiment with the short response time capacitor, coupled in parallel, which caused the decrease of breakdown voltage. The sample dimensions remained unchanged, whereas the energy accumulated in the direct vicinity of breakdown area is different.


In the distributed database, owing to the distributed and redundancy of data, data transmission and communicating fee between sites in deal with inquiry become the main contradiction in the inquiry about distributed database. But if we can use this characteristics of distributed database to increase the ability of parallel processing in inquiry algorithms, we can shorten the response time of queries and improve the speed of inquiry. This paper puts forward a new algorithm of inquiring about the distributed with fragments, which was used in the large laboratory management system. It may improve the query efficiency and shorten the response time of the system.


INTRODUCTION
The coagulopathy of trauma, illustrated by a short R-time, is common and well understood. The physiology behind this may be early thrombin burst with rapid clot formation. Rapid consumption of fibrinogen, however, may result in weak clot and substrate depletion, resulting in low MA. While these characteristics are interesting, utilizing TEG to identify those at risk for subsequent bleeding diathesis, especially in those who do not demonstrate early signs of physiologic derangement, is challenging. We have developed a novel ratio utilizing TEG values to describe patients at specific risk for traumatic coagulopathy. The purpose of this study was to create a single TEG value which would reflect both the hypercoagulability, and hypocoagulability, of TIC. We hypothesized that this ratio, at admission, would be indicative of TIC and predictive of both blood product transfusion volumes and subsequent mortality.

METHODS
Patients admitted via the highest activation criteria at one of two Level 1 trauma centers were included if they received at least one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBC) in the first 24 hours of admission. The admission TEG was collected and a ratio was calculated by dividing the MA by the R-time (MAR). MAR quartiles were developed and multivariable logistic regression was utilized to determine odds of mortality.

RESULTS
330 patients with admission TEG were included. In all patients, median age was 35 years (IQR 25-54), ISS was 20 (IQR13-29), 76% were male and 43% suffered penetrating trauma. MAR groups were based on quartiles. Multivariable analysis, controlling for mechanism of injury, ISS and admission pH, showed that increasing ratios were associated with decreased odds of death. The lowest MAR ratios were also significantly associated with higher ISS, higher rates of blunt injury and higher plasma utilization without a significant difference in PRBC administration.

CONCLUSION
Patients with the lowest MAR ratios demonstrated the highest mortality rates. This novel ratio may prove highly useful to predict at-risk patients early, when other physiologic indicators are absent. The mechanism driving this finding may rest in fibrinogen depletion resulting in weak clot. Patients with low MAR ratios may benefit from earlier resuscitation with cryoprecipitate, rather than the traditional use of plasma found in current massive transfusion protocols.

LEVELS OF EVIDENCE
III.


New complexes containing fluorinated carbohydrate molecules and discloses a method for synthesizing the complex. Fluorinated carbohydrate molecule may comprise a radioactive isotope. Methods of synthesizing complex is useful to label the selected molecule, the complex may be useful in diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In particular, the complex may be useful in diagnostic or therapeutic kits.


With the site test and measurement on gas pressure P, seam gas permeability coefficient λ_(0), coal consistency coefficient f and coal powder weight S_1 from a one meter borehole conducted in B_(3+4) seam at the central mining district of a drift of Furong Mine and with the theoretic analysis, a gas desorption index K_1 of the borehole, gas emission initial velocity q of the borehole and the critical value of drilling cuttings weight S were obtained. The site test and measurement results showed that the critical value set by the theoretic method could efficiently judge the outburst danger.


This paper examines the financing of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs hereafter) through a financial growth life cycle paradigm. Reporting the financing patterns of 299 Irish SMEs across six age categories, the relative importance of sources of debt and equity finance for each age category is revealed. Observed financing patterns incorporate elements of agency and pecking order theories, and emphasise the primary importance of internal equity in financing of the firm. Results suggest support for the financial growth life cycle, although contrary to conventional wisdom firms in the youngest age category report a relatively high use of debt finance. This may be explained by the provision of the personal assets of the firm owner to secure that debt.


City councils have not yet benefited as much from modern information systems as other administrations. In the Cuparla project, members of the Stuttgart city councils were each equipped with a networked notebook and a special information system-the Cuparla software was developed. This paper describes the software design, usage experiences and the organizational implementation process. The information and collaboration features of the Cuparla software cover the core functionality of electronic councils (e-councils). Further areas requiring computer support are meetings, knowledge management control and political portal sites.


The long‐term clinical and electroencepha‐lographic follow‐up studies were carried out for more than three years, up to 14 years in the longest, on 116 cases with Lennox syndrome. And the results of systematic study on changing patterns and outcome have been reported.


Catheter has a main portion and soft tip. Main section is made of long tubes. Soft tip has a soft bending characteristics than long tube. Soft tip is attached to the end of the long tube. Resistance to twisting, resistance to shearing stress, column strength enhanced, and enhanced torque capability in order to impart to the catheter, the reinforcing material is discontinuously embedded in the body of a long tube. The bendable This soft tip, strikes an obstacle in the patient catheter diverted, catheter is prevented that damage the patient. It is a long one-piece catheter soft tip catheter is as another example, the indentations are formed selectively in the end portion. Along the length of the integrated catheter, or only along the main body portion, it may be embedded reinforcing member. Indentations in the end portion lacks spiral cut, or a plurality of wheel-shaped notch may be. In this case, the lack spiral notch or a plurality of wheel-shaped cutting, the depth, may be the width, and changes the pitch. .FIELD 1


Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a key regulator of the fibrinolytic system (1). The continuously high PAI-1 concentrations make fibrins resistant to dissolution by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), which leads to multiorgan dysfunction and a bad prognosis in patients (2). Several methods have been developed for measuring the functional activity of PAI-1 in plasma samples based on the principle of adding a specified amount of tPA in excess of the PAI-1 and measuring residual tPA activity after a short incubation period (3). These methods, however, are neither completely specific nor accurate, and many other protease inhibitors in plasma inhibit tPA (4). Although several assays have also been described for PAI-1 antigen that are based on two-step enzyme immunoassays using monoclonal and/or polyclonal antibodies (5)(6), they have a narrow measurement range (0–40 μg/L) and are time-consuming (7). Because PAI-1 is a labile molecule, the utmost care is needed during blood collection and sample handling to ensure accurate measurement of PAI-1 and tPA. The half-life for the transformation from the active form of PAI-1 into the inactive latent form is ∼4 h in vitro and even shorter in vivo (8). It is therefore essential to correctly evaluate the amount of PAI-1 released from endothelial cells and adipose tissue (9) to make such methods clinically useful. We have developed a latex photometric immunoassay (LPIA) for total PAI-1 within a dynamic measurement range that can detect all forms of PAI-1 without the influence of conformational changes.

Samples were obtained from 47 patients with myocardial infarction (29 men and 18 women) and 276 hospital employees, who volunteered for this study, as controls [100 men (age range, 23–63 years) and 168 women (age range, 21–57 years)]. After informed consent, blood samples were collected in a 1/10 volume of a solution containing 38 g/L sodium …


Under the Kentucky Education Reform Act, public schools in Kentucky were required to restructure the traditional kindergarten through third-grade classes into a multi-age and multi-ability level, ungraded primary program during the 1993-1994 school year. Classrooms that once contained children at relatively the same age have been replaced with groups of children of varied ages and abilities; sedentary seat work has been replaced by concrete learning activities and cooperative learning opportunities; report cards have been replaced by narrative progress reports, portfolios, and more frequent teacher conferences with students and parents. A study assessed teacher perceptions about the effectiveness of the ungraded primary program as a strategy for educating young children. It was hypothesized that the program would be perceived positively by a majority of the primary teachers in one county-wide district. A total of 37 teachers from 27 schools were surveyed using likert-scale questions about implementing developmentally appropriate practices with multi-age and multi-ability groups. Results showed that the majority of teachers did not appear to have difficulty allowing their students to learn in a developmentally appropriate manner, and that they thought the program provided an enjoyable atmosphere for teachers and students, where both were excited about learning. Some commented that teaching split grades was more difficult than teaching in a traditional classroom. Most indicated that the number of students was too high to successfully implement working with the students in small groups and in teaching to the whole group. Subjects were also divided on the use of computers and other technologies in their classrooms. (HTH) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Developmentally Appropriate Practices in the Primary Program: A survey of Primary School Teachers U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI XThrs clOcurnant haa been reproduced as received from the person or organrzatron ongrnating 0 Minor changes have been nuoo to unprove reproduction Quahty Points of vrew or oprmons slated rn this datu went do not necesuray represent officral OERI posaron or policy Brenda Burton Addington Mary Queen of the Holy Rosary School Lexington, Kentucky


Knowledge of the bond cleavage mechanism governing sugar and sugar alcohol hydrogenolysis is important to control of the selectivity of sugar and sugar alcohol hydrogenolysis. Previous work by others has resulted in the suggestion of a variety of mechanisms to explain the C{single_bond}C cleavage in sugar and sugar alcohol hydrogenolysis, and has not provided any definitive evidence to elucidate either the C{single_bond}C or C{single_bond}O cleavage mechanism. In this work, the authors present a mechanism study carried out using 1,3-diol model compounds. Experimental results indicate that cleavage of the C{single_bond}C and C{single_bond}O bonds in hydrogenolysis is through retro-aldolization and dehydration of a {beta}-hydroxyl carbonyl, respectively. The structure of this {beta}-hydroxyl carbonyl is already contained in an open-chain sugar molecule, and is generated from the sugar alcohol molecule by dehydrogenation. The intermediates from both C{single_bond}C and C{single_bond}O cleavage are subsequently hydrogenated to yield alcohols or polyols. This mechanism of sugar and sugar alcohol hydrogenolysis provides a good background to understand factors that control the selectivity in sugar and sugar alcohol hydrogenolysis. Based on this understanding, a rational approach to control of the selectivity of sugar and sugar alcohol hydrogenolysis may be developed.


The wall surface of the plasma generation and acceleration domain is worn out by the colliding ions and this causes the channel wall to deteriorate and change shape. Over time, this results in lower efficiency of the Hall thruster, which shortens the lifespan of the propellant, thus reducing the lifespan of the satellite itself. In view of this, it is necessary to develop technology that limits the deterioration of the channel, while maintaining high thrust efficiency of the Hall thruster. In this paper, we propose algorithm of a new power supply control method that take into accent channel abrasion deterioration as well as the details of the experiment result. This power supply control technique requires that we control magnetic flux density under the constant acceleration voltage as the principal objective, assuming the condition where we use constant propellant flow quantity control to plan the reduction of the system. We show the new control algorithm of the power supply which found the operating point where the optimal thrust efficiency is provided from these empirical formulas automatically.


Following needs of concrete market and the economic and ecological needs, several researchers, all over the world, studied the beneficial effect which the incorporation of the mineral additions in Portland cements industry can bring. It was shown that the incorporation of local mineral additions can decrease the consumption of crushing energy of cements, and reduce the CO2 emission. Siliceous additions, moreover their physical role of filling, play a chemical role pozzolanic. They contribute to improving concrete performances and thus their durability. The abundance of dunes sand and blast furnace slag in Algeria led us to study their effect like cementitious additions. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of the incorporation of dunes sand and slag, finely ground on mechanical properties of reactive powder concretes containing ternary binders


SUMMARYAssisted suicide and euthanasia are explored from the pharmacist's perspective. Legal, operational and clinical issues are described. The assumption that pharmacists will simply fill prescriptions for drugs intended to end the lives of terminally ill patients who wish to do so has not been tested. The position adopted by the Washington State Society of Hospital Pharmacists opposed the proposed Washington Death with Dignity Act. Survey data on pharmacist attitudes about use of drugs to end the lives of terminally ill patients are described. Ethical codes of the profession of pharmacy as they pertain to this issue are discussed. Clinical issues addressed include published criteria for appropriate patients for assisted death. Operational impediments to pharmacists participating in assisted death include the silence on the role of the pharmacist in proposed laws to legalize hastened death. The importance of ensuring good pain and symptom management and control of psychiatric disorders is discussed. The...


As in everyday life, we use more digital elements as part of formal and informal education. To serve their educational purpose well, systematic research is desirable on identifying and measuring their characteristics. This study focuses on science practicals, which are complex and vary in organizational settings and specific arrangements, including usage of digital elements. We describe digital resources on which teaching online science practicals during COVID-19 forced lockdowns were built. We identified their key characteristics, as part of the Erasmus+ project 'My Home – My Science Lab', where science teachers in Slovakia, Czechia, Slovenia, France, and Spain shared web resources they used and would recommend and why. We recorded 89 inputs representing 50 unique web resources. Teachers preferred free web resources, mostly for knowledge revision, and newly discovered half of them due to forced distant teaching. The best evaluated resources were those supporting interaction (especially among peers), focused on teaching subjects and/or ICT, ready to use, and with a clear structure. The web resource most frequently mentioned and used in all countries was PhET (Interactive Simulations for Science and Math) providing free science principles simulations. Other characteristics mentioned in the literature (eg., supporting creativity and independent solving, connecting different levels of organization, authenticity, flexibility) were not that important for the overall rating.


The most successful brand extensions are considered to be those having high perceived similarity between the parent brand and the extensions, and being well known in the marketplace. However, previous research has mainly examined the effects of overall measures of perceived similarity between a parent brand and an extension. Correspondingly, little is known about the effects of different areas of consumer knowledge. This study investigates the effects of three types of perceived similarity (usage, associations, competence) and three areas of consumer knowledge (original brand, original category, extension category) on evaluations of brand extensions. The results indicate that some types of perceived similarity and knowledge are more important than others. These findings imply that brand managers need to identify and measure the relevant types of perceived similarity and knowledge that will affect evaluations of brand extensions in order to design effective communication strategies for extensions.


Many scalable video compression techniques utilize a mixed-resolution scheme, which down-samples some frames at the encoder to be reduced-resolution frames while keeping resolutions of other frames unchanged as full resolutions, in order to achieve higher compression gain. Image enlargement technique is required at the decoder to recover the original full-resolution frames for this mixed-resolution video system setup. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach to enlarge the reduced-resolution frame via its maximum a posterior estimation, using the information from the observed reduced-resolution frame, plus more detailed information extracted from available neighboring frames in full resolution. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.


Background: Mutations in voltage gated brain sodium channel Nav1.1 have been linked to many disorders, including Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+) and Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (SMEI). Recent studies have identified TTX- sensitive Nav1.1 brain sodium channels in the SA node and ventricular T-tubules of the heart, though their role in cardiac function is still controversial. We tested the functional significance of Nav1.1 sodium channels in the heart by creating a novel knock-in of human epilepsy GEFS+ mutation SCN1A-R1648H at the Scn1a locus of a C57BL/6J X 129 mouse. Method: In vivo 2-D echocardiography was performed on 2 week old (juvenile) and 8 week old (adult) wild-type and heterozygote (Scn1aRH/+) mice after extracardiac neuronal block through intraperitoneal injections of atropine and propranolol (2.5mg/kg each). Calcium and contractility studies on adult ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from the wild type and Scn1aRH/+ mice paced at 0.5Hz were followed by administration of TTX (100nM, a brain sodium channel inhibitor) and pacing at 2Hz. qRT-PCR and Western blot of the isolated cells and whole heart samples was also done. Results: A decrease in Nav1.1 gene expression in the Scn1aRH/+ juvenile (by 31%, 0.69 of 1) and adult (by 60%, 0.4 of 1) whole heart samples and isolated cells (p Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the importance of voltage gated TTX-sensitive Nav1.1 brain sodium channels in cardiac contractile function and their possible role in cardiac complications in epilepsy.


The Popigai astrobleme is a unique geological object with huge storages of impact diamonds of high hardness quality being perspective as an abrasive material. In spite on very well-known after-graphitic nature of the Popigai diamonds, it was predicted that a part of them might have non-graphitic precursor as the target of the meteorite crater partly consist of sedimentary rocks with coals and bitumens. In this study by use of a complex of modern methods we have analyzed unusual carbon particles from impact melt rocks of the Popigai astrobleme. The studied carbons according to the provided Raman studies belong to high pressure polymers with hydrogenated carbons - hydrogenated amorphous tetrahedral diamond-like carbon (ta-C:H) and rare polymeric a-C:H. A list of typomorphic features of the high pressure non-crystalline carbons are described in the paper on the basis of UV Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe and 813C isotopic composition analysis.


The invention relates to a method for preparing a novel water soluble monomer and an anionic flocculant, and application on preparation of a compound flocculant by the novel water soluble monomer, the anionic flocculant and solution of ferric sulfate. In particular, the invention relates to an acrylamide/4-acrylamide group methyl sodium benzoate copolymer, a method for preparing the same and application thereof. The method solves the problems of poor processing effect, high cost and the like caused when the prior acrylic ester flocculant is used for degrading organic matters. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving acrylamide into water, adding 4-chloromethyl benzoic acid in the obtained mixing solution to obtain 4-acrylamide group methyl sodium benzoate; and (2) adding the acrylamide and the 4-acrylamide group methyl sodium benzoate into a container capable of being closed, adding NH4S2O8 and NaHSO3 used as initiators in the container for reaction to obtain the target product. In the method, the low-priced acrylamide is used as raw materials to synthesize the novel water soluble monomer of the acrylamide, and the anionic polyacrylamide flocculant is obtained by the free group polymerization, so that the capability of processing waste water is improved.


The electronic circuitry impresses an alternating voltage on the sensor and measures the size of the resulting current, which is related to the conductivity. Because conductivity has a large temperature coefficient (up to 4%/°C), an integral temperature sensor is incorporated into the circuitry to adjust the reading to a standard temperature, usually 25°C (77°F). When measuring solutions, the temperature coefficient of the conductivity of the water itself must be considered. To compensate accurately for the temperature, a second temperature sensor and compensation network must be used.


We investigated the effect of aqueous cola nitida rubra at different dose concentrations (2mg/kg, 6mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks) on the weight of the ovary and uterus, oestrous cycle, serum Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and oestrogen. First, the weight of the ovary and uterus was statistically reduced only at dose concentration of 10mg/kg body weight. Second, daily vaginal smears used to monitor the oestrous cycle revealed that at dose concentrations of 6mg/kg and 10mg/kg, the number of proestrous, oestrous, metoestrous phases were significantly reduced with prolonged number of dioestrous phase. Third, Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method showed that at dose concentration of 6mg/kg and 10mg/kg of aqueous cola nitida significantly reduced the serum level of FSH; although serum level of LH was significantly reduced at all the dose concentrations. However, the serum level of oestrogen was not statistically significant between control and experimental groups at all the dose concentration. These results indicate that anti-fertility effect of aqueous cola


Recently, the memory elements-based circuits have been addressed frequently in the nonlinear circuit theory due to their unique behaviors. Thus, the modeling and characterizing of the mem-elements become essential. In this paper, the analysis of the multiple fractional-order voltage-controlled memcapacitors model in parallel connection is studied. Firstly, two fractional-order memcapacitors are connected in parallel, the equivalent model is derived, and the characteristic of the equivalent memcapacitor is analyzed in positive or negative connection. Then a new understanding manner according to different rate factor K and fractional order α is derived to explain the equivalent modeling structure conveniently. Additionally, the negative order appears, which is a consequence of the combination of memcapacitors in different directions. Meanwhile, the equivalent parallel memcapacitance has been drawn to determine that multiple fractional-order memcapacitors could be calculated as one composite memcapacitor. Thus, an arbitrary fractional-order equivalent memcapacitor could be constructed by multiple fractional-order memcapacitors.