The aim of this master's thesis was to present the low-phase skew and low-jitter solutions for high-speed time-interleaved discrete-time systems. The emphasis of the work was put on different clock generator architectures used in high-throughput Analog to Digital Converters as well as in Digital-Analog Converters and Sample-and-Hold circuits. Among the proposed structures are dedicated PLLs, DLLs, synchronous and asynchronous machines, as well as solutions employing calibration techniques. The author of this thesis presented two approaches that introduced some innovation in matter of precision and robustness against PVT corners. One of them uses local feedback in additional biasing devices to make the system more reliable in different work conditions. The other one is based on asynchronous state machines which, with use of a design tool dedicated to this kind of systems, could be evolved into a form that relaxes the speed of a single operation while maintaining the overall throughput. In both cases the aim was to overtake the already existing solutions in matter of parameters that are most critical for this kind of circuits (e.g. jitter, phase skew, power dissipation). The designing procedures were described and the final circuits were simulated in order to obtain the values of the mentioned parameters for comparison, based on which conclusions could be drawn and possibilities of future work stated.


The following paper discusses the reproduction and the percent composition of water, fat, protein and mineral salts in the fish as well as the filet of Hypophthalmus edentatus. The high proportion of fat found is thought to be a possible ecological adaptation in virtue of the fact that this pelagic species has an extremely reduced air bladder. In both the filet and the whole fish the proportion of water varies inversely with fat and it was observed that the proportion of fat diminishes as the ovaries mature. Proteins and mineral salts showed little seasonal variation. In november the ovaries began to develop, coincinding with the period when the water level began to rise. Spawning ocurred during the period of February through April before the water reached their peak lavels. Fecundity was found to be more closely related to ovary weight and the total fish length. The average total fecundity was 96,923 eggs.


The shallowest aquifer of the alluvial Csepel Island is used for drinking water supply for Budapest and the surrounding villages. A previous two‐dimensional hydraulic model failed to explain many observations; therefore, a three‐dimensional hydraulic model was constructed using the software application MODFLOW. Isotopic and hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out during the period 1998 to 2002 in order to provide model data. Four water sources have been identified, having different isotopic (and chemical) characteristics. Danube water is characterized by seasonally varying δ18O values: its unweighted mean δ18O value is −10·9‰ for the years 1998 to 2002. The most negative δ18O values occur in late spring and summertime. Average tritium content is 20 TU. Infiltrated precipitation has δ18O values between −9·0 and −9·5‰. The average tritium content of the precipitation is 10 TU, and that of infiltrated precipitation must be close to this value and about half that of the Danube. The δ18O value of lake water is > −9·0‰. Its stable isotope composition plots on the right side of the local meteoric water line on the δD–δ18O diagram. Ascending deep groundwater (sampled depth of 20–140 m) has δ18O values between −12·0 and −13·5‰. Its radiocarbon age is between 16 000 and 30 000 years BP, probably infiltrated during and around the last glacial maximum (Würm III) period of the latest glaciation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The species and distribution of wild herbaceous flower resources in Taihang mountain of southern Hebei province were investigated from 2007 to 2009 to know the situation of wild herbaceous flower resources.The results show that there are abundant wild plant resources and 78 herbaceous flower species belonging to 33 families with high use value in Taihang mountain.The ornamental characters and application in landscape of wild herbaceous flower resources were analyzed and rational suggestions on development and utilization of wild herbaceous flower resources were proposed in this paper.


Cryogenic strength, ductility and toughness of 8090 Al-Li alloy were found to be superior to those at ambient temperature, and up to optima at about 20 K. Different aging regimes may influence on its cryogenic yield strength and elongation.


The objective of this research was to study, categorize and examine various methods for describing or modeling, as how software systems are developed and to provide solutions in the form of a generalized model which help in producing a correct and high quality software for the companies.  There are various SDLC models widely used for developing software. SDLC models give a theoretical guide line regarding development of the software. SDLC models are very important for developing the software in a systematic manner such that it will be delivered within the time deadline and should also have proper quality. Employing proper SDLC allows the project managers to regulate whole development strategy of the software. Each SDLC has its advantages and disadvantages according to which we decide which model should be implemented under which conditions.


Systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium. In one aspect, a system includes initial neural network layers configured to: receive an input image, and process the input image to generate a plurality of first feature maps that characterize the input image; a location generating convolutional neural network layer configured to perform a convolution on the representation of the first plurality of feature maps to generate data defining a respective location of each of a predetermined number of bounding boxes in the input image, wherein each bounding box identifies a respective first region of the input image; and a confidence score generating convolutional neural network layer configured to perform a convolution on the representation of the first plurality of feature maps to generate a confidence score for each of the predetermined number of bounding boxes in the input image.


See related article, p 2042

Vascular neurologists (VNs) now have 2 powerful tools to improve outcomes after stroke, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) and endovascular thrombectomy (ET). Among the many common aspects of both treatments, the fastest possible intervention after stroke onset emerges to be paramount.1–3 With r-tPA, it has taken 20 years from approval to be accepted, the subspecialty of VN to be born and trained, and systems of care implemented to speed treatment by improving Emergency Department and pre-hospital management. In contrast, ET based on the 5 positive landmark randomized trials reported in the past 2 years4–8 has been accepted much more abruptly. Yet, the same sort of changes in streamlining systems of care and training and distribution of VN expertise are as necessary for ET as they were for r-tPA to deliver ET as rapidly as possible. The abruptness of this ET revolution, and the redirection of care and resources required, have found the VN community unprepared. Dramatic changes in VN training and distribution are necessary to accommodate the fastest possible ET intervention. Our 3-fold premise to be explored below is that (1) treatment of ET candidates is multifaceted and optimally should include the expertise of a VN, (2) the VN community needs to rethink and retool its workforce to accommodate the most rapid and widespread ET treatment possible, and (3) this should by necessity include training and more widely distributing substantially more VNs to carry out ET.

The authors acknowledge that what we propose as a Comment and Opinion diverges from the current standard management, which is to concentrate ET expertise into a few hands at Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) and have the patient brought to Mecca. Initially, the same model was proposed for r-tPA, but the top 3 enrolling …


Multicultural individuals, because of their multiple identity affiliations, have access to different cultural knowledge sets. Studies have shown them to have greater cognitive and behavioural flexibility compared to monocultural individuals. They are often claimed to be uniquely positioned to contribute to culturally diverse teams because of their access to multiple cultural schemas. However, there are limited empirical studies, especially using field data, that have tested this assertion. Addressing this gap, this thesis uses a mixed methods approach, in the context of a multicultural healthcare organisation in Bahrain, to investigate how multicultural individuals can influence diverse teams' processes and performance. In the first study, perspective taking behaviour is hypothesised to be a key mediating mechanism by which multicultural individuals can impact diverse teams. Building off the category-elaboration framework, this study uses a longitudinal research design to test a conditional process model. Results highlight the importance of perspective taking as a key mediating mechanism and the moderating effect of organisational inclusive climate. Contrary to what is often theorised, multicultural individuals were not found to impact team dynamics. The second study uses a combination of qualitative methods and adopts an inductive approach to investigate the first-hand accounts of how multicultural individuals negotiate their everyday dynamics in diverse teams. This second study provides novel insights as to how a cultural learning orientation (not access to cultural schemas) becomes an integral part of a multicultural individual's identity and influences their ability and willingness to contribute to diverse teams. Analysis of multiculturals' experiences indicate the criticality of a learning organisational culture. As one of the key contributions of this thesis, I propose that future research on multiculturals' potential impact in organisations needs to consider not just their ability to contribute to organisations, but also the conditions under which they are willing to do so.


This article explores the development of market integration within the Baltic Sea region and with England, from the 1840s to the late 1880s. It exploits two new datasets on grain prices. The degree of market integration is estimated using a wavelet variant of dynamic factor analysis that takes account of both time and distance. Additionally, we use the London corn market as the benchmark for the degree of market integration. Our results show that the role of distance disappeared in the wheat and rye, but not in the oats and barley trade, as the Baltic Sea Region became integrated into the Atlantic economy.


Introduction Burkitt's lymphoma is a high grade B-cell tumor described for the first time by the Irish surgeon Dennis Burkitt in 1958 in Africa. The most frequent of the clinical variants, in which it is classified by the World Health Organization (sporadic, endemic, HIV-associated), is the sporadic one, which usually involves the abdomen, in particular the ileocecal tract. Thus, a common clinical presentation is that of a child suffering from abdominal pain with nausea and vomit, until the dramatic case of an intestinal occlusion by an intussusceptions. According to this, the surgeon is the first who diagnoses and treats this tumor, playing an important role for the treatment, in terms of reduction of the metabolic complications of the medical therapy and of improvement of survival rate. In this work we present a case of a child operated for intestinal occlusion by ileoileal intussusception, caused by a Burkitt's lymphoma, as it was diagnosed by histological examination few days after surgical intervention. Case report A 12-years boy reached the emergency department for abdominal pain and vomit. Two weeks before he had a surgical intervention for a suspected appendicitis at another hospital. An ultrasound examination was performed and it revealed the presence of a complex mass in the right iliac fossa. The day after the patient felt worse and he had an episode of bilious vomit. An x-ray examination of the abdomen was performed and showed the presence of an intestinal obstruction. The patient underwent to surgical intervention. The obstruction was caused by an ileoileal intussusceptions, and it needed to perform a resection followed by anastomosis. Few day after surgical intervention, the result of histological examination indicated the presence of a Burkitt's lymphoma within the tract resected. A CT scan was performed and showed the involvement of mesenteric lymph nodes. The bone marrow aspirate and the lumbar puncture showed no neoplastic presence. Then the patient started therapy according to protocol. Discussion and Conclusions Burkitt's lymphoma represents 3-5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and 40% in pediatric population. Children have an excellent prognosis with contemporary treatment regardless of the disease stage. Patients with limited stage disease are curable with limited treatment, avoiding complications associated with more intensive therapies. Nevertheless surgery is important in the management of this disease, the role of the surgeon has usually been controversial. A surgical intervention can be resolving in case of limited disease, or, in case of a high stage disease, it can be diagnostic or helpful, through the debulking of the mass. However, apart in case of intussusception, the diagnoses of Burkitt can be challenging and the presence of disease can revealed after a story of recurrent abdominal pain or after surgical interventions for appendicitis. In this work we show how a timely diagnosis can be difficult and how it can be an obstacle for treatment. In this case the sudden worsening of clinical conditions permitted an early diagnosis with a complete resection of the ileum involved by Burkitt's lymphoma has improved the prognosis and reduced therapy's complications.


The water source area of the water diversion project from the Yangtze River to Taihu Lake lies in the Fushan water course of the Yangtze River section between Jiangyin and Taicang.The bed stability of the water source area is a key factor of the project.Therefore,using measured underwater topography data,this paper analyzes the river regime evolution of the Fushan water course and examines the influence of riverbed morphology on hydrodynamic structure.A 2D hydraulic and water quality model was used to simulate the alluvial situation of the Fushan water course.The results show that:(1) the water level in the Fushan water course decreases slightly during the water diversion;(2) the velocity over the whole water course decreases,especially in the outlet;and(3) the water course is in a state of deposition,while the section near the outlet is stable.The key method for maintaining riverbed stability is to dredge the chutes in the upper section.


The article is devoted to the study of the possibility to use the fluctuating asymmetry parameter of Betula pendula leaves for the estimation of the urban-environment quality. The influence of anthropogenic pollution on the formation of lamina morphological structures and the dependency of fluctuating asymmetry parameter value on the remoteness of pollution source, are shown.


We consider the asymptotic expansion of the Mathieu-Bessel series \[S_\nu(a,b)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{n^\gamma J_\nu(nb/a)}{(n^2+a^2)^\mu}, \qquad (\mu, b>0,\ \gamma, \nu\in {\bf R})\] as $a\to+\infty$ with the other parameters held fixed, where $J_\nu(x)$ is the Bessel function of the first kind of order $\nu$. A special case arises when $\gamma+\nu$ is a positive even integer, where the expansion comprises finite algebraic terms together with an exponentially small expansion. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the various expansions. The expansion of the alternating variant of $S_\nu(a,b)$ is considered. The series when the $J_\nu(x)$ function is replaced by the Bessel function $Y_\nu(x)$ is briefly mentioned.


Turbine platform and blade are two main parts of aero engines and gas turbines. Due to different requirements in practice, platforms are always fabricated by single crystal superalloys, which have high temperature strength and resistance to hot corrosion and oxidation. The platforms employed at relatively lower temperatures can be made of powder superalloys. Therefore there is a great demand for bonding single crystal superalloys to powder superalloys. Because of high content offorming elements, traditional fusion welding methods employed in bonding the two materials are high susceptibility to cracking. Hot isostatic pressure (HIP) bonding is a preferable technique now to join nickel base superalloys. However, using experimental methods to explore appropriate HIP bonding parameters is time consuming and costly. This work puts forward a calculated method to simulate diffusion process and phase distribution of diffusion couples obtained by HIP diffusion bonding. In this work, the numerical model of HIP diffusion bonding was built, and distribution of elements and phases of DD407/FGH95 diffusion couples under different HIP temperature and bonding time were calculated


This paper assesses and analyses the effects of superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) installed in power distribution system on voltage sags. First of all, resistor-type SFCL is modeled using PSCAD/EMTDC to represent the quench and recovery characteristics based on the experimental results. Next, typical power distribution system of Korea is modeled. When the SFCL is installed in various locations from the starting point to end point of feeders, improvement of voltage sag is evaluated using the Information of Technology Industry Council (ITIC) curve of customer's loads when a fault occur. Finally, future studies needing to apply SFCL to power distribution system are presented.


— This paper presents an energy-balance control strategy for a cascaded single-phase grid-connected H-bridge multilevel inverter linking n independent PV arrays to the grid. The control scheme is based on an energy-sampled data model of the PV system and enables the design of a voltage loop linear discrete controller for each array ensuring the stability of the system for the whole range of PV arrays operating conditions. The control design is adapted to Phase-Shifted and Level-Shifted Carrier PWM to share the control action among the cascade-connected bridges in order to concurrently synthesize a multilevel waveform and to keep each of the PV arrays at its maximum power operating point. Experimental results carried out on a 7-level inverter are included to validate the proposed approach .


PURPOSE: An online building appraisal system and a method thereof are provided to divide lands having the same representative unique properties into the same price zone and facilitate a precise appraisal which reflects the unique detail property of an individual land. CONSTITUTION: A specimen management unit (150) manages one or more specimen prices for a specimen having one or more representative unique properties corresponding to a predetermined condition. The specimen is located in an investigation object area and is classified into a use district and a use situation. A representative unique property management unit (120) manages a temporary land, which is classified into one or more representative unique properties. A same price zone management unit (140) manages one or more temporary lands by classifying the same into the same price zone which includes one or more specimens. A price calculation unit (160) manages a land property comparison table and calculates the price of a land by applying a property value using the land property comparison table to the specimen price of a specimen in the same price zone. The specimen management unit is a set of as apartment house property information and manages the specimen and the specimen price of an apartment house. The price calculation unit calculates building prices by applying repurchase costs and a rate of depreciation to a set of building feature information. [Reference numerals] (110) Real property data management unit; (120) Representative unique property management unit; (130) Real property data verifying unit; (140) Same price zone management unit; (150) Specimen management unit; (160) Price calculation unit; (170) Communication unit; (200) User terminal; (300) External information providing unit; (6) Examiner terminal


SARS CoV 2 spreads very quickly When this research was written, there were 1,780,315 positive cases globally Countries in the world take various actions to curb the spread of this new virus China is taking strict lockdown steps, while other countries such as South Korea are using massive diagnoses While it might only be acceptable for countries with not too big populations, what the South Korean Government is doing is very interesting to research so that it can be recognized by other countries This study use data mining techniques to search for pattern or new information from the data of the Covid-19 patients in South Korea This study studies the use of decision trees to process the data in South Korea by finding the most optimal decision tree criteria This study contributes to the data mining related field by showing decision tree is good enough to analyze the data There are three best criteria for using a decision tree to predict deaths from this new virus The best decision tree metrics are the gain ratio, knowledge gain and the gini index In this analysis the gain-ratio is use for further analysis Another finding is the province or location of this virus is the important factor The implication of this finding supports the strategy of reducing virus transmission Sex and age also play an important role in the prediction model © 2020 Little Lion Scientific All rights reserved


A method is proposed to improve the performances of integrated silicon based photodetectors compatible with CMOS technology. This method couples fast current mode circuits with CMOS compatible photodetectors. Based on HSPICE simulations, an optimized configuration is obtained and its performances are characterized. The results indicate that a speed as high 330 MHz is possible with 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.


Aim: This symposium aims to promote research on women's unique health psychology issues. We will present a variety of pregnancy and birth-related matters women deal with, highlight the social paradigms that affect them and stress the importance of identifying populations at risk of health disparities.
Rationale: Reproductive health matters concern women across the globe, though often choices on these issues are limited. Women's subjective experience of these matters, their perceptions, ways of coping and decision-making processes, could affect their physical and emotional health in the short and long term. Therefore, it is imperative to study and share knowledge on these subjects. In addition, not all women are alike and it is important to recognize how reproductive issues play-out among women in different life circumstances.
Summary: Issues of conception, pregnancy termination and childbirth are experienced very differently by women from diverse social groups and under changing circumstances such as unwanted or desired but not achieved pregnancies. We will explore how social and intra-psychic constructs affect women's health psychology in regards to reproduction. We will open with several short thought-provoking videos that encapsulate choice and control surrounding women's reproduction in different cultures and settings. These videos will set the ground for the following presentations and the audience engagement in the discussion thereafter: 1. An investigation of contraceptives use among women from different ethnic groups in Malaysia (Morgan). 2. An examination of health behaviours of adolescent Israeli's going through pregnancy termination (Preis). 3.An exploration of infertility centrality in the identity of Israeli women in ongoing fertility treatment and its association with well-being (Neter). 4. Development of a multi-dimensional construct of control during childbirth among pregnant Israeli women (Benyamini). We will end with an integrative and interactive discussion among presenters and audience, calling for more research and collaboration regarding women's psychological health.


A new investigation of the candidate topological superconductor Cu${}_{x}$Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ reveals microscopic details of its superconductivity under various magnetic fields, which is potentially useful insight for topological quantum computing.


There has been more than decade of efforts of supporting storage, query and update XML documents in RDBMS. XML enabled RDBMS supports SQL/XML standard that defines XMLType as a SQL data type and allows XQuery/XPath embedded in XMLQuery(), XMLExists() and XMLTABLE() in SQL. In XML enabled RDBMS, both relational data and XML documents can be managed in one system and queried using SQL/XML language. However, the use case of management of document centric XML is not well-addressed due to the lacking of full text query constructs in XQuery. Recently, XQuery Full Text (XQFT) becomes the W3C recommendation. In this paper, we show how XQFT can be supported efficiently in SQL/XML for full text search of XML documents managed by XML enabled RDBMS, such as Oracle XMLDB. We present architecture of a new XML Full Text Index, XQuery compile time and run time enhancements to efficiently support XQFT in SQL/XML. We present our design rationale on how to exploit Information Retrieval (IR) techniques for XQFT support in RDBMS. The new XML Full Text Index can index common XML physical storage forms: such as text XML, binary XML, relational decomposition of the XML. Although our work is built within Oracle XMLDB, all of the presented principles and techniques in this paper are valuable enough to RDBMS industry that needs to effectively and efficiently support of XQFT over persisted XML documents.


Annotation. The article discusses innovative pedagogical technologies at the lessons of life safety basics, contributing to the formation of substantive results in students of grade 11 of the TESinskaya Secondary School No. 10. It has been shown that recently the secondary school has been asked to use innovative educational technologies in the educational process schoolchildren. Modern society is interested in graduates with developed cognitive needs, aimed not only at self-development, but also at self-realization, able to operate with the knowledge gained, navigate in the modern information space, adequately assess themselves and their achievements. For the formation of such qualities among graduates of secondary schools it is necessary to use innovative pedagogical technologies for the formation of subject results that underlie the training. Diagnostics of 11th grade students was carried out to determine the formation of subject results using testing. It is revealed that the mastery of the material by students in grade 11 on the subject of life safety is at a basic level. Also proposed is a model of the possibility of using innovative pedagogical technologies in the life cycle lessons, which allows students to develop universal learning activities, such as personal, regulatory, cognitive, and communicative, thereby enhancing the subject results.


The inhibitory effect of certain centrally acting drugs, including antiparkinsonian agents, tricyclic antidepressant and phenothiazine, was studied in vitro on the accumulation of dopamine into a crude mitochondrial fraction (P2-fraction) from rat striatal homogenate, and the site of inhibition was studied by further fractionating the P2-fraction into synaptic vesicles fraction (P2V-fraction) and supernatant fluid (P2S-fraction). Many antiparkinsonian agents, such as benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, ethopropazine, diphenhydramine or 6, 6, 9-trimethyl-9-azabicyclo[3, 3, 1] non-3β-y1 α, α-di(2-thienyl) glycolate hydrochloride monohydrate (PG-501), inhibited dopamine accumulation into P2-fraction from rat striatal homogenate in concentrations of 10-5-10-4 M, though atropine did not inhibit the amine accumulation even in a concentration of 10-4 M. Furthermore, benztropine, one of the most potent inhibitors of dopamine accumulation into P2-fraction, inhibited the accumulation into P2V-fraction to a greater extent than that into P2S-fraction and PG-501 inhibited the accumulation into P2S-fraction to a greater extent than that into P2V-fraction. The possible site of action of these two agents is discussed herein.


Extended Abstract
1- Introduction
Considering the prevalent presence of the internet in all aspects of people's lives, it's no surprise that university students resort to it more than ever, in order to get something done. It's clear that if students, who are potential human resources in labor market, spend the preponderance of their time doing unscientific and tangential tasks, the result will be but their academic failure. This will, in turn, translate into degradation of universities' scientific level which, consequently, will inflict harm on the economy and socio-cultural norms. This issue, brings to the fore the importance of studying the students' experiences of the internet in depth. In this respect, studying the experiences, thoughts, and perceptions of dormitory students, specifically female dormitory students who are more likely to feel the absence of their families and loneliness, can be of paramount importance and this is what the present research aims to study.

2- Theoretical Framework
Nowadays we live in a world heavily influenced by the capabilities of virtual world and the internet. These capabilities enable us to communicate on a much wider scale, compared to the past, in all the essential aspects and facets of life. The impressive growth of utilization of the internet in doing almost every task is quite clear and remarkable. Considering the vast amount of data available on the internet in various fields such as scientific, cultural, political, artistic, social, etc., the way in which these data are used can portray the internet as a positive or a negative tool. Today, scientific research, receiving news, sending e-mails, registration, banking, downloading movies and music, etc. can all be done through the internet. This way we can save both money and time and get engaged in other activities. However, the internet is not always beneficial and, regardless of its many advantages and capabilities, has created some problems including internet addiction, amassing and explosion of data, presenting uncouth images and information, and lack of privacy. Some researchers assert that unique characteristics of the internet such as ease of access, availability around the clock, ease of use, low cost, and users' anonymity have all led to its popularity all over the world. But the same characteristics, in addition to being counted as advantages of internet, can be regarded as its disadvantages too. Many researches, most of which have been quantitative, have demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. With the arrival of every new product and tool, the proper way of using it should be taught as well. Now that the internet is prevalent everywhere and in doing everything, like all other technologies, it requires the proper etiquette of use, too. Through teaching the proper etiquette of using the internet, we can hope that it turns into an exclusively useful technology among various strata of society, specifically students.

3- Method
The present research was conducted qualitatively, with a phenomenological approach, taking individuals as units of analysis. The thematic analysis proposed by Brown and Clarke (2006) has been used to investigate the experiences and perceptions of female dormitory students of the internet and the content of the websites they visited and to pinpoint the main and secondary themes. Participants were twelve female students living in dormitories in Tabriz studying in various academic grades during 2012-2013 and were selected purposefully. All of the participants were familiar with the computer and the internet and allocated some hours during the week using them. Ten of them had personal computers. Gathering information continued to the point of saturation. After assuring the participants of their anonymity and confidentiality of the recorded conversations, semi structured interviews were conducted using verbal and non-verbal communication. In order to assure the quality, accuracy, reliability, and validity, common methods in the qualitative research were used.

4- Findings
Analyzing the data revealed five main themes for female students' experiences of the internet, each having some sub-themes. The following table demonstrates these themes.

5- Discussion and Conclusion
This research revealed the experiences and hidden notions in the students' encounters with the internet. Thus, its findings can contribute to the proper and authentic interpretation of the incentives and the consequences of target groups' usage of internet. The findings showed that students use the internet to achieve various goals (scientific, pastime, friendship, etc.). Considering the fact that students are potential human resources in the labor market and that the main objective of their studies is to improve the educational quality, the majority of their internet usage should be allotted to scientific subjects; however, the findings of the present research revealed that the main and foremost objective of the internet usage among students is not related to scientific goals and there are a lot of tangential tasks that consume students' time. This highlights the importance of awareness of and education in the proper use of the internet in making informed decisions with regards to sources and data. Moreover, it became evident that using the internet can have positive and negative consequences in students' lives; hence' it is suggested that, considering the experiences and perceptions of female students, positive consequences be reinforced and negative ones be mitigated.


The agrarian revolution is taking a twenty-first century leap forward with the advent of vertical farms and controlled environment agriculture. The Engineer spoke to three leaders in the field to find out how it works and why it will succeed.


The paper calculated the soil erosion modulus and the total amount of soil erosion of Muyanghe watershed which is the headwater area of Kunming Municipality based on revised universal soil loss equation and by using RS and GIS technology.It analyzed the area variation of soil erosion intensity,temporal variation of total amount of soil erosion and spatial variation of soil erosion intensity in the period of 1992~2010 by using transfer matrix method.The outcomes show that the soil erosion intensity of the watershed is not great,mainly belongs to tiny erosion and light erosion and the total amount of soil erosion shows the tendency of increasing at the beginning and decreasing later.


The present invention relates to compositions and methods for prophylactic and / or therapeutic treatment of eye conditions with the high level of expression and / or activity of the vanilloid-1 receptor (vanilloid-1 receptor) (TRPV).


Standard devices and procedures for measuring the pumping speed, one of the most important parameters indicating the operation performance of the vacuum pump, have been developed and widely utilized. Though the standard system has a firm theoretical basis, it is, sometimes, inevitable to alter something in the system for a practical purpose compared with ideal conditions, which may lead to a large measurement error. In this paper, characteristics and systematic errors of various ideal or practical schemes for measuring the pumping speed are analyzed, and compensation terms are proposed.


| In this paper a method for parameterizing orthogonal wavelet transforms is presented. The parameter space is given by the rotation angles of the orthogonal 2 2{ rotations used in the lattice lters realizing the stages of the wavelet transform. Di erent properties of orthogonal wavelet transforms can be expressed in this parameter space. Then, the parameter space is restricted to the set of rotation angles given by simple orthogonal {rotations, i.e. the set of rotation angles k = arctan 2 k (k 2 f0;1; : : : wg where w is the wordlength). An orthogonal {rotation is essentially one recursion step of the CORDIC algorithm. The wavelet transforms in the reduced parameter space are amenable to a very simple implementation. Only a small number of shift and add operations instead of fully edged multipliers are required.


Most non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients relapse on anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK‐TKI) therapy because of acquired resistance. Rebiopsy is recommended to provide optimal therapy after relapse for some ALK‐TKI therapies; however, little clinical data exists on the clinical efficacy of ALK‐TKI tailored to secondary mutation.


Abstract Many figures of educational descent are to be found in contemporary German literature. This article takes this observation as an opportunity to bring together social science descriptions of the present (precarity) with arguments of form and genre (Bildungsroman, Angestelltenroman). The main features of a poetics of social politics are developed from readings of Thomas Melle's 3000 Euro, Robert Kisch's Möbelhaus, and Kristine Bilkau's Die Glücklichen, a politics that takes the welfare state programming of the social as an opportunity to inquire about the function of literary representation in the culture of the welfare state (Franz Xaver Kaufmann).


To develop a technique for rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae from Tilapia,the loop-mediated isothermal amplification( LAMP) was introduced to amplify the surface immunogenic protein( SIP) gene. The detection method was established by using optimum reaction system with four specific primers of the target gene. The results showed that the method had perfect specificity,and the sensitivity was 30 CFU · m L- 1,as the DNA of 2 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae were able to be amplified,while the other 14 strains of non- Streptococcus agalactiae were not. The amplification process can be finished in 1 hour. The method provides a better choice for rapid detection of Streptococcus agalactiae.


Promotion of fruit abscission in macadamia, Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae), has potential to reduce costs associated with prolonged harvesting of late-abscising cultivars. Effects of ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] on fruit removal force and crop abscission were monitored at 3 stages of the harvest season on both unshaken and mechanically shaken trees of the late-abscising macadamia cultivar A16. Ethephon application, tree shaking, or a combination of the 2 methods, accelerated crop removal from the tree at all stages during harvest. Early harvest before natural abscission resulted in little or no difference in nut-in-shell and kernel weight, kernel recovery and kernel oil content. Delaying ethephon application or tree shaking until commencement of natural abscission resulted in greater crop removal. Fruit removal force declined naturally towards 1 kgf at this stage, and was further reduced by ethephon application. The most effective approach for harvest acceleration was to reduce fruit removal force, before tree shaking, by spraying trees with ethephon.


Exploration of sequences of brain images that represent real activity is, in general, a very difficult task not only because of the brain complexity, but also because of a weak signal-to-noise ratio and of the presence of artefacts. The first applications of the classical data mining algorithms showed that their performances and their qualities of recognition are weak. In this article, a new interactive data-driven approach to fMRI image mining is presented, allowing the online observation of cerebral zones. Several non-supervised classification algorithms have been developed and tested on sequences of fMRI images. The results of the tests have shown a strong influence on the classifier performances by the number of classes, signal-tonoise ratio, and volumes of activated and explored zones.


Recently, photovoltaic panels have become one of the main Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the world of renewable power. Such a panel gives DC power which can be directly used in some DC power applications. In this paper, we deal with the modeling and control of a proposed PV panel system comprising an inverter and an induction motor based on photovoltaic system. At first, the modeling and control of a standalone photovoltaic pumping system with integrated maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to reach an optimum power transfer is addressed. Moreover, the system performance is measured in terms of the efficiency of the MPPT controller and flexibility in the solar photovoltaic operation. In the present work, we present a comparative study between two maximum power point tracking methods which are the perturband-observe PO method and incremental conductance method. The feature of the proposed algorithm is supported by theoretical analysis and a series of Matlab-Simulink simulation results.


A conceptual model relating the whitecap coverage to the bubble plume buoyancy is developed following the observation that the entrained bubble plume buoyancy constitutes a large portion of the breaking wave energy dissipation. The formulation leads to estimations of an effective or equivalent-buoyancy depth of bubble entrainment as well as the volume and surface area of bubbles entrained by surface wave breaking. The results show that the air-water interface area per unit sea surface area is enhanced dramatically by the entrained bubbles: on the order of 10 m^2 at about 15 m/s wind speed. The effective entrainment depth represents the vertical reach of the bubble plume as if all the bubbles were collected into this depth. Based on empirical observations of whitecaps and breaking wave energy dissipation, it is about 0.11 m and relatively independent on wind speed. The void fraction of the top meter ocean layer is related linearly to the whitecap coverage with a proportionality factor of 0.11. The nearly-constant effective entrainment depth essentially renders the bubble entrainment process during the active wave breaking stage into a lateral 2D problem. Published high speed video recordings of bubble plume evolution appear to support this conclusion. Consistent with the nearly-constant effective entrainment depth, relevant breaking wave speeds are within a narrow range between about 2 and 3.5 m/s and depend on wind speed only weakly. Whitecap observations can also be used to quantify some elusive breaking properties such as the breaking strength parameter b relating the breaking energy dissipation rate and length of breaking front.


This research focuses on the long-term geomorphologic change in the upstream of the silt dams in the Lan-daw rivers watershed in central Taiwan, adopts the long-term rainfall records in the Lan-daw rivers watershed to calculate the 1-day, 2-days, 3-days accumulated rainfall with different return period, and analyzes the relationship between the geomorphologic change and the accumulated rainfall. This research builds the Digital Surface Models based on the photos shot by UAV at 9 different times. The river in upstream of the Lan-daw rivers watershed is sinuous. The research classifies 3 time periods from 2010 to August, 2019, including the first time period from 2010 to June, 2017, the second time period from June, 2017 to Nov. 2018, and the third time period from Nov. 2018 to Aug. 2019. The target in the first time period is to observe the geomorphologic change after the first dam removal, that in the second time period to observe the geomorphologic change in the 2 years after dam removal, and that in the third time period to observe the geomorphologic change after the second dam removal.

The longitudinal slopes in the first, second, and third time periods are -30.3%, 14.8%, and 5.98%, and the knickpoint in the longitudinal profile in the first and second time periods occur in the upstream 20 m of the silt dam and that in the third time periods occurs in the upstream 45 m of the silt dam. The research classifies the cross-sections profiles into 3 groups, including the first group from C1 to C7 cross sections, the second group from C8 to C14 cross sections, and the third group from C15 to C22 cross sections. The geomorphologic change in the first group near the silt dam is the most obvious in the three groups. The geomorphologic change in the three groups in the first time period are -6.43 m to -8.13 m (scouring), those in the second time period are 0.23 m to 0.34 m (deposition), and those in the third time period are 0.46 m (deposition) to -1.78 m (scouring). Based on the analysis of the long-term rainfall record in the Lan-daw river watershed, the return period of the heaviest rainfall from 2015 to Aug. 2019 is less than 20-year return period. This means that the geomorphologic change in upstream of silt dam in the Lan-Daw river watershed is easy induced in the short time after dam removal.


ions, is most evident' (31-32). 58 TYNDALE BULLETIN 36 (1985) easily dismissed, especially when considering authorial intention. The fact that generations of scholars and writers were convinced that the author of Jonah did not intend to write fiction argues against the modern view that the form or style of the narrative conveys this very impression. Were these earlier generations completely blind to features which we are asked to believe are immediately apparent? Did these earlier writers not live and study in an environment much closer to that of the author of Jonah than we do? And if so, would they not have been more atuned to the generic signals of an ancient narrative? With these factors in mind, we must surely expect good reasons for ignoring or rejecting the traditional appraisal of Jonah.


The article discusses the issues of chatter damping during milling. The relationship between the amplitude of forced vibrations and the cutting speed has been established. The choice of the optimal values of the cutting condition during end milling is proposed to ensure the minimum vibration amplitude.


It has been demonstrated that the susceptibility to solidification cracking can be calculated based on the index of |dT/d(fS) 1/2| (T: temperature; fS : fraction solid) near the end of solidification. To distinguish the role of transverse tension verse that of solidification shrinkage in solidification cracking, however, computational fluid dynamics was used to calculate the flow of the intergranular liquid towards the roots of columnar dendritic grains using arc welding of Al–Cu alloys as an example. The calculated results show the solidification shrinkage dominates crack formation at the strain rate of 0.0001/s, but transverse tension dominates at the strain rate of 0.1/s. In between, both solidification shrinkage and transverse tension can play a significant role.


The toxic effects of three agrochemicals (fosthiazate, metalaxyl-M and imidacloprid) and copper were investigated in this study on the crustacean Daphnia magna. Copper was the most toxic tested compound with the lowest EC50 value, equal to 0.11 mg/L. Among the three agrochemicals, fosthiazate was the most toxic with an EC50 value equal to 0.32 mg/L, about two orders of magnitude lower than the EC50 of metalaxyl-M and imidachloprid. The interactive effects of binary mixtures of fosthiazate, metalaxyl-M or imidacloprid and copper were also investigated. The interactive effects between agrochemicals and copper were antagonistic in most cases, while additive effects were observed for binary mixtures of metalaxyl-M and copper for low concentration combinations.


In view of the present problems existing on the water pollution emergency monitoring for urban water sources,it is pointed out that the emergency monitoring requirs the rapidity,the wide spectrum and the comprehensive nature.Various technology for the emergency monitoring are introduced,the instrument and equipment disposition scheme is proposed,which found on the biological comprehensive toxic detector and the water sources feature pollutants detector,as well as the operation mode is proposed,which combines scene monitoring with laboratory monitoring,these provide the rapid and full technical support to water security monitoring.


Metallabenzenes are a class of molecules in which a CH unit in benzene is replaced by a functionalized transition metal atom. While all-boron analogues of aromatic and antiaromatic hydrocarbons are well known, there have not been any metallaboron analogs. We have produced and investigated two metal-doped boron clusters, ReB6- and AlB6-, using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and quantum chemical calculations. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra have been obtained and compared with the theoretical results. The ReB6- cluster is found to be perfectly planar with a B-centered hexagonal structure (C2v, 1A1), while AlB6- is known to have a similar structure, but with a slight out-of-plane distortion (Cs, 1A'). Chemical bonding analyses show that the closed-shell ReB6- is σ and π doubly aromatic while AlB6- is known to be σ-aromatic and π-antiaromatic. The out-of-plane distortion in AlB6- is due to antiaromaticity, akin to the out-of-plane distortion of the prototypical antiaromatic cyclooctatetraene. The π bonding in ReB6- is compared with that in both benzene and rhenabenzene [(CO)4ReC5H5] and remarkable similarities are found. Hence, ReB6- can be viewed as the first metallaboron analog of metallabenzenes and it may be viable for syntheses with suitable ligands.


Simple Summary Sarcoptic mange is a common rabbit disease that can be spread directly from sick to healthy rabbits. Infection in rabbits causes intense pruritus, head shaking, and scabby lesions on the inner side of the pinnae and on the external ear canal, as well as diminished growth performance and an increased rate of oxidative stress. Ivermectin has been shown to be an effective treatment for sarcoptic mange in rabbits; however, it has side effects on their performance. Botanicals such as turmeric extract have a remarkable antioxidant potential contributing to the deterrence of Sarcoptes-induced oxidative discrepancy in rabbits. The goal of this study was to investigate if turmeric extract can alleviate side effects in Ivermectin-treated rabbits while simultaneously improving their performance and antioxidant status. The results indicated that turmeric extract was utilized with varied efficacy against mites, and also helped rabbits recover faster and improved Ivermectin's miticidal efficacy by improving performance and compromised immunity. Turmeric extract has strong antioxidant properties, suggesting that it could be used as an adjunctive remedy to reduce the side effects of Ivermectin while treating clinical rabbit sarcoptic mange. Furthermore, no adverse effects were observed in turmeric extract adjunctively supplemented rabbits, and the provided dose regimen of these supplements was found to be safe. Abstract In this experiment, the protective effect of turmeric extract (TE) on side effects of Ivermectin-treated rabbits, while improving their performance, blood characteristics, and antioxidant status, was investigated. Sixty-three clinically Sarcoptes-infested rabbits aged 60 days were randomly allocated into three groups, with 21 rabbits in each group, to receive either no TE or TE supplementation (1 or 2 mg/kg diet) for 30 days after being subcutaneously injected with Ivermectin (IVM) 1% w/v at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight twice a week. Another 21 healthy rabbits were used as the control. Treatment with IVM + 1 and 2 mg TE improved body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in infested rabbits (p < 0.05). The IVM alone treatment had the highest mortality rate compared with the other treatments. Rabbits treated with IVM + 1 and 2 mg TE demonstrated progressive recovery manifested by improved nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. On day 7, the serum total protein, albumin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio were significantly lower in the treated groups compared with the control group; also, the lowest values were observed in rabbits treated only with Ivermectin, followed by IVM + 1 and 2 mg TE. Treated rabbits had higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBAR) levels, but lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels compared with the control group. On day 30 post-treatment, the rabbits in the IVM + 1 and 2 mg TE treatment groups showed progressive recovery manifested by improved biochemichal parameters, as well as a remarkable improvements in the oxidant/antioxidant balance towards normalcy (p < 0.05), and became comparable to that of the control compared with IVM alone treatment. In conclusion, turmeric extract improved rabbits' performance toward normalcy, and has remarkable antioxidant properties and can be used in conjunction with a miticide to treat sarcoptic mange in rabbits.


Abstract This paper attempts to show how the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development aided the establishment of a central bank in the British Nigerian colony against the wishes of the Bank of England. It argues that the main reason for the demand by nationalists for a central bank was to save the poorly staffed and poorly capitalized indigenous banks threatened by regulation. A Bank of England "expert" in 1952, however, advised against such a bank on "technical grounds." An IBRD Economic Mission to the Colony the following year, advised to the contrary and again opened up the debate. Various overt and covert attempts by the Bank of England to get the IBRD to change its mind achieved little result.


The reason for this study is learners' low critical thinking ability on the material "economic activity". This study aims to describe the results of the application of Talking Stick-based learning media to students' critical thinking skills on the material of economic activities carried out in class VII I of Al Maksum Stabat Private Junior High School. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews and documentation. The research acts as a data collection instrument. According to Miles and Huberman, the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation (data display), and conclusion drawing/verification. The research subjects used are students of class VII I of the 2022/2023 school year. The number of students is 25 people. The results of this study showed learners' critical thinking ability on the material of economic activity. Seven participants in Students were able to answer when they got their turn in the talking stick game, while 2 students were still reluctant to answer questions. Researchers use questionnaires to discover the development and influence of the application of Talking Stick learning media.


Here we present the first description of interactions between bacterial ectosymbionts and two mangrove crabs: Aratus pisonii (Sesarmidae) and Minuca rapax (Ocypodidae). These crabs belong to the order Decapoda and to the infra-order Brachyura known as "real crab". Specimens were collected in Guadeloupe on the mangrove trees Rhizophora mangle for A. pisonii and from the mangrove mud for M. rapax. To observe ectosymbionts on Electron Microscopy (Scanning and Transmission, SEM and TEM), gills were fixed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in 0.8x PBS buffer for 24h at 4°C. Then they were rinsed in the same buffer and dehydrated in graded concentration of acetone. Finally, they were critical point dried and sputter coated with gold before observation on a Quanta 250 SEM. For TEM observations, gills were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer for 45 minutes at RT in the dark. Then, they were rinsed in the same buffer then smaller pieces of gills were fixed, for 1 h in 1% osmium tetroxide in the same buffer before a post-fixation with 2% aqueous uranyl acetate for 1 hour at RT. Finally, they were rinsed


Experiments performed in vivo and in cell culture have demonstrated that oestradiol induces dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH) gene transcription. In the present study, we examined oestrogen‐responsive elements of the rat DBH gene promoter aiming to characterise the mechanisms of oestradiol‐induced DBH transcription. Various mutations and deletions of DBH promoter reporter constructs were tested for responsiveness to 17β‐oestradiol (E2). Mutation of the half palindromic oestrogen response element (ERE) at position −759 reduced the response to E2 in PC12 cells co‐transfected with oestrogen receptor (ER) α, indicating a functional role for this motif. In cells co‐transfected with ERβ, mutations at the −759 site were unresponsive to E2. To characterise the additional E2 responsive elements, mediated by ERα, the DBH promoter was truncated to the proximal 249 or 200 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site. Despite either truncation, 10 nm E2 still elicited an approximately two‐fold induction of DBH promoter activity. Mutation of a possible ERE‐like sequence at −59 had no effect. The lack of a functional ERE in the proximal region of the rat DBH promoter despite E2‐mediated DBH promoter activity, suggests regulation by a nonclassical mechanism, such as a membrane‐initiated signalling pathway. Moreover, the induction of DBH promoter activity and the rise in DBH mRNA levels were observed within hours. To determine whether membrane‐initiated E2 signalling is involved in rat DBH gene transcription, a membrane impermeable E2 conjugate, β‐oestradiol‐6‐(O‐carboxy‐methyl) oxime‐bovine serum albumin (E2BSA), was used. Incubation with E2‐BSA induced luciferase activity and elicited a significant rise in DBH mRNA levels in the ERα transfected cells. The findings indicate two different mechanisms whereby DBH transcription is regulated by E2 in the presence of ERα. The results implicate both genomic and membrane‐initiated mechanisms, mediated by ERα, in E2‐induced DBH gene transcription.


Conserving large carnivores requires protecting landscape spaces that encompass all spatiotemporal scales of their movement. Large carnivores normally roam widely, but habitat loss and fragmentation can constrain their movement in ways that restrict access to resources and increase encounters with humans and potential conflict. Facilitating carnivore population coexistence with humans across landscapes requires conservation plans informed by patterns of carnivore space use, particularly at the human–wildlife interface.

We sought to understand lion space use in Laikipia, Kenya. We conducted a path‐selection function analysis using GPS collar data from 16 lions to assess patterns of space use across a range of spatial scales (sedentary to home range expanses; 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 km) and temporal scales (day, dusk, night and dawn). Path‐selection results were then incorporated into space use maps.

We found that most landscape features influenced path‐selection at the broadest spatial scale (50 km), representative of home range‐wide movement, thereby demonstrating a landscape‐wide human impact on lion space use. We also detected sub‐diurnal variation in lion path‐selection which revealed limited space use during daylight hours and increased space use overnight.

Our results highlight that optimal support for human–lion coexistence should be temporally adaptive at sub‐diurnal scales. Furthermore, spatial approaches to lion conservation may be better generalized at broad spatial scales so that land management plans can account for home range patterns in lion space use.


This article describes how the metropolitan planning organization for the Orlando, Florida, area, METROPLAN ORLANDO, is linking its planning and operations functions. During the past few years, METROPLAN ORLANDO has evolved from an agency with a mandate on capital planning to an organization that also has an interest in reducing the effects of nonrecurring congestion. In meeting this challenge, the agency has established a structure that enables planners and operators within the region to consider management and operations strategies for reducing congestion and delay and improving air quality. Linking planning and operations came of age at the agency during the recent update of its long range transportation plan. Measuring the benefits of using technology to manage and operate a transportation system enabled funding for management and operations strategies. The agency is using operations data to better understand the performance of the transportation system. METROPLAN ORLANDO also is developing partnering opportunities outside of the traditional transportation planning arena to meet regional transportation goals.


Gas‐phase products from the nanosecond ultraviolet excimer ablation of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon©) have been characterized using mass‐resolved vacuum ultraviolet laser photoionization techniques. Picosecond and nanosecond vacuum ultraviolet (10.5 eV) photoionization mass spectra recorded following the ablation of polytetrafluoroethylene display a significant dependence on the ablation wavelength. Polymer fragments ranging in mass from 31 to greater than 300 amu are observed following the 193 nm ablation of the polymer, whereas using 248 and 308 nm, the mass spectra consist almost entirely of the monomer (C2F4). Rotationally resolved resonant two‐photon ionization (R2PI) spectra of the CF radical, recorded following the 193 nm ablation, were used to estimate the rotational temperature of this species in the ablation plume; temperatures ranged from 500 to 800 K.


Synergy of Alumni and Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat Lamongan in community economic empowerment is an article that seeks to answer the question how is the synergy of alumni and Pondok Pesantren Sunan Drajat Lamongan in empowering the community's economy, by reviewing the synergy of alumni and society in general in economic empowerment programs is very important because Islamic boarding schools are currently required to show collaboration so that Islamic boarding schools are not only able to graduate students who understand religious knowledge, but are also required to have broad knowledge, managerial abilities and expertise that is entrepreneurial in nature as a medium for mutualist symbiosis between alumni and Islamic boarding schools. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach that is descriptive analytical. The data collection technique uses interviews, observation and documentation about programs that synergize with alumni in economic empowerment. Then the data is processed and analyzed with a descriptive-inductive pattern. The results of this study indicate that there is an implementation of synergy by pesantren and their alumni in economic empowerment. With this synergy, it provides a wide space for pesantren to be able to develop their potential and vice versa, the implication is to create mutually reinforcing synergies between alumni and pesantren. Forms of empowerment can be seen in the pattern of relationships between the Sunan Drajat Lamongan Islamic Boarding School and alumni through economic empowerment using the triple helix theory model.


Communication apprehension (CA) has emerged as the dominant paradigm for explaining communication stress and its corollaries. It has achieved this status largely because several key assumptions have not been challenged or assessed empirically. These assumptions are that CA (1) is a pervasive social phenomenon, (2) affects external outcomes of communication, (3) is a scientifically useful construct, and (4) is caused by apprehension about communicating. To assess these assumptions, an alternative construct, evaluation apprehension (EA), has been explicated, operationalized, and contrasted with CA. Defined as a learned predisposition about how the threat of evaluation is managed in social interaction, EA was examined in a series of six studies involving college students. The studies revealed that EA predicted more variance than CA in a variety of criterion variables, including communication performance, student success, self-esteem, classroom proxemics, occupational preference, and rewards for communication. The results suggest that EA is more likely to be the true causal agent in stress reactions to communicating than CA. References, tables and figures are appended. (FL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ********************************************-.**************************


The speed of mining outliers from dataset is slow. According to the characteristic of grid,fast outliers mining algorithm was proposed by partitioning the data into a set of units cell firstly. Therefore,the execution frequency of region query decreased and then the speed increased. According to the appointed thresholds,whether the data was outlier or not was decided. Therefore,the algorithm can deal with the large scalability of points. Experimental results show that the algorithm is fast and effective.


A standard time-dependent neutron transport computer code, TDA, is modified to allow time-varying material density to calculate the neutron spectrum from exploding inertial confinement fusion pellets with rho R values of 0 to 6 g/cm/sup 2/. Softening of the spectra due to neutron-fuel interactions causes a time-of-flight broadening of the neutron arrival time distribution at the chamber wall. It is found that the total number of displacements per atom (dpa) produced in a graphite first wall increases with the rho R of the pellet over the rho R range investigated because the dpa cross section is larger at lower neutron energy. However, the total helium production decreases with increasing rho R, as does the peak damage rate. Neutron-induced radioactivity generated in a 10-mg iron tamper is of the same magnitude as that produced in the rest of an entire reactor system.


In an MIS device composed of a transparent electrode, amorphous silicon nitride insulator, and hydrogenated amorphous silicon, optically induced degradation in the optical current characteristic was observed after optical irradiation at an intensity of 2000 1x. This degradation was strongly dependent on the material used for the transparent electrode. The highest degradation was observed when ITO was used. However, when a Pt electrode was used, no degradation was observed even after optical irradiation for 100 hr. The degradation was lowered by coating the surface of the ITO electrode with a thin Pt film.

A change in the optical current due to the difference in the optical bandgap of the silicon nitride used as a thin insulating layer was not observed. However, as the optical bandgap of the silicon nitride increased, the threshold voltage for the I-V characteristic under illumination tended to shift to the higher voltage.

It was concluded from the experimental result that the characteristics of an MIS device are strongly dependent on the transparent electrode. Therefore, special care must be taken in the fabrication of the transparent electrode, and coating the electrode with a thin Pt film is an effective way to stabilize the device. The amorphous silicon nitride film should be of high quality and as thin as possible to minimize the optically induced degradation.


Free boundary problems are considered to be the most difcult and the least researched in the eld of mathematical physics. The present article is concerned with the research of the following issue: treatment of one-dimensional free boundary problems. The treated problem contains a nonlinear evolutionary equation, which occurs within the context of mathematical modeling of cryosurgery problems. In the course of the research, an integral expression has been obtained. The obtained integral expression presents a general solution to the non-homogeneous evolutionary equation which contains the functions that represent simple-layer and double-layer heat potential density. In order to determine the free boundary and the density of potential a system of nonlinear, the second kind of Fredholm integral equations was obtained within the framework of the given work. The treated problem has been reduced to the system of integral equations. In order to reduce the problem to the integral equation system, a method of heat potentials has been used. In the obtained system of integral equations instead of K(ξ; x; τ - t) in case of Dirichlet or Neumann conditions the corresponding Greens functions G(ξ; x; τ - t) or N(ξ; x; τ - t) have been applied. Herewith the integral expression contains fewer densities, but the selection of arbitrary functions is reserved. The article contains a number of results in terms of building a mathematical model of cooling and freezing processes of biological tissue, as well as their effective solution development.


Environmental regulation is the most effective way to protect resources and control pollution,and it is very important for China realizing energy-saving and emission-reduction targets which construct a rational environmental regulation policy system.This paper expounded the theory basis of environmental regulation,analyzed the main measures of energy-saving and emission-reduction in the period of "11th five-year plan",summed up the main environmental regulation policy and experience of foreign country,based on this,put forward the ways constructing an diversification policy system of energy-saving and emission-reduction in our country,which focuses on environmental economic policies,develops taxation,pollution charges and emission trading etc..


1. Start The facilitator shows statements of the workshop's goal in terms of visible results – for a project, an idea for a new product or service, changes to a work process, a new organisational structure. Examples include: − The help desk for XYZ is fully available in Bucharest. − Our branch offers a choice of unrivalled products and services. − The time taken for goods inwards inspection is cut by 30 percent − The R&D co-operation unit is split into separate R&D branches in the different departments.


Psychological adjustment is one of the most important things needed by individuals with chronic disease to have a positive life regardless of the impact caused by their illness. This study aims to determine the dynamics of psychological adjustment in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD). The method used in this research is phenomenological qualitative approach. Respondents in this research are four people (three men and one woman) who suffered from coronary heart disease. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, then analyzed by using interpretive analysis technique. The results showed that all respondents had not succeeded in making adjustments to their chronic illness. Three of the four respondents were able to overcome the emotional, cognitive, and physiological effects of chronic disease, but still failed in behavioral aspect especially in terms of lifestyle changes and routine check-up. In contrast, one other respondent showed a negative adjustment on physiological and emotional aspects, but instead had a much more positive adjustment in behavioral aspect because of the high level of compliance in terms of self-management. Factors found to influence psychological adjustment processes in individuals are belief, coping, and family support.


The amount of dead surface fuel loading is the main basic cause that forest fire occurs.42 plots of Pinus tabulaeformis forest were surveyed,including landform factors,stand factors and several types of specific forest fuel.The correlative relations among the loading and the effective factors were analyzed through correlation analysis method.The result shows mean stand height,slope gradient,and altitude are linear correlative with fuel loading,but mean DBH,shade coverage and stand density are not.The predicting models between fuel loading and several factors are set up by linear regression analysis method.The factors except mean DBH are used in the models.The test effect is remarkable,and the predicting models are convenient to other Pinus tabulaeformis forest fuel loading calculation.


This paper attempts to build primary evaluation system for the efficiency of the National Innovation System and introduces the international competition ability of science and technology. On this basis, it compares and analyzes our National Innovation System with large quantities of data collected and gets a quite rational conclusion.


The heat transfer system, including an inclined inverted flag that plays a role of a vortex generator, is proposed in the present study. A two-dimensional simulation is performed to analyze the effects of the inclination angle and the bending rigidity of the inverted flag on thermal performance. To consider the fluid-flexible body-thermal interaction, an immersed boundary method is adopted. The four regimes are observed depending on the inclination angle and the bending rigidity, i.e., large amplitude flapping (LAF), small amplitude flapping (SAF), deflected (D), and straight (S) modes. The SAF and LAF modes are observed to be favorable in terms of the heat transfer efficiency, which considers the heat flux and mechanical energy loss. A scaling analysis is performed to explain the correlation between the flapping kinematics and the thermal quantities. A scaling parameter is newly defined based on the momentum transfer to the inverted flag due to a vortical impulse and shows a proportional relation to the mean drag force with a slope of 0.166. The heat transfer efficiency is observed to be proportional and inversely proportional to the parameter in the SAF and LAF modes, respectively. The optimized heat transfer system is obtained at the angle of 12{degree sign} and the bending rigidity of 0.7, where the efficiency is enhanced up to 112.8% over the baseline flow.


The purple-flesh potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar "Shadow Queen" (SQ) naturally contains anthocyanins. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study determines whether ingesting purple potatoes increases the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and improves stress response, a minor health complaint in healthy adults (registration number: UMIN000038876). A total of 15 healthy subjects (ages: 50–70 years) with minor health complaints were randomly assigned to one of two groups. For 8 weeks, the placebo group received placebo potatoes cv. "Haruka" and the test group received test potato cv. SQ containing 45 mg anthocyanin. The MSC count and several stress responses were analyzed at weeks 0 and 8 of the intake periods. The ingestion of a SQ potato did not affect the MSC count but markedly improved psychological stress response, irritability, and depression as minor health complaints compared with "Haruka". No adverse effects were noted. Hence, an 8-week intake of SQ could improve stress responses.


the idea of college English education today should be to cultivate students' ability to learn English autonomously. However, the current college English teaching in china is generally characterized by high consumption and low efficiency. Both sides have made great efforts and studied enthusiastically, but the learning effect is not ideal. In English language teaching, the concept of "role" refers to the role played by teachers and students in the teaching process. Linguists agree that teachers should play different roles in different teaching activities. And with the change of teaching activities and teaching aims, the role of teachers should change accordingly. The goal of college English teaching is not only to train bilingual talents, but also to cultivate bicultural talents. College English teachers should introduce cultural information consciously and purposefully in classroom design. Only by enhancing the students' cultural sensitivity and the ability of cross-cultural communication, can they transport cross-cultural talents for the exchange of science and technology, culture and trade among different nationalities.


Team members searched for signs of ancient microscopic life there, just as NASA's newest rover will on the Red Planet next year.


We find that accounting charges for goodwill impairment, which imply a deterioration in the capabilities of acquired assets to generate expected cash flows, provide useful indicators of CEO underperformance. We examine 5,990 firms that completed acquisitions and investigate the relation between CEO turnover and goodwill impairment during 2002–2016. The results show that the size of a goodwill impairment charge is positively associated with forced, but not voluntary, CEO turnovers. This implies that goodwill impairment provides information before CEO changes occur. We also find that unexpected goodwill impairment is more informative than expected good-will impairment and is associated with forced CEO turnover. The association between goodwill impairment and forced CEO turnover varies with audit quality, suggesting the perceived reliability of accounting information influences CEO retention decisions. Given that the FASB may eliminate annual goodwill impairment testing (FASB, 2019a), research addressing the informativeness of goodwill impairment charges is timely.


Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) adoption is not simple for a huge part of population in Africa and Asia, particularly for women. We noticed they cannot access to ICT for many reasons such as poverty, cultural barriers, illiteracy, lack of emancipation, etc. For all those reasons, we are involved in a research project which aims to help handicraft women from Maghreb to use new technologies to develop their business and to increase their creativity. Faced to huge socio-cultural barriers, we observed socio-cultural lags and we proposed specific solutions to allow the handicraft women from Maghreb adopting new technologies. Some proposed solutions are specific teachings/trainings which are offered by specialized educative teams using technical platforms based on ontologies and patterns. Thus, the teaching solutions are adapted accordingly to context and social profile of each of the handicraft women.


This study was aimed at investigating the effect of electro-assisted and double aeration (EAPR-DA) system to enhance the lead removal in water and uptake by Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis). Variable regimes were created by 2 V of constant DC voltage using 2D stainless steel cathode-pot and Ti anode electrode, and aeration level of 10 L/min. The effectiveness of EAPR-DA, EAPR, phyto-aeration, and phytoremediation on the treatment was compared and evaluated by measuring the decrease of lead concentration in the water and accumulated in the plant using flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Plant stress was evaluated by phytomorphology changed and measurement chlorophyll content using UV-Vis Spectroscopy after the acetone extraction. The results showed that the EAPR-DA system using Pakcoy has a great ability to decrease the lead concentration in water compared with the EAPR, phyto-aeration, and phytoremediation. The removal ability in each reactor was 82.5%, 78.75%, 72.5%, and 61.875% respectively for EAPR-DA, EAPR, phytoremediation. and phyto-aeration. Excessive aeration in the root zone might inhibit lead adsorption by a plant in the phyto-aeration system. In general, the accumulation of lead in plant growth hydroponically has a large concentration in the roots compared to the shoot except for the EAPR-DA system which high adsorption of lead concentration in the shoot part. The BC (1.13) and TF (1.97) value of the EAPR-DA system was higher than the other systems, showing aeration can enhance high adsorption of lead in the root and then transported it into the shoots part. High chlorophyll total (54.89±14.31 mg/mL) and low chlorophyll a/b ratio (1.21±0.38) in the plant under the EAPR-DA system showed that the double aeration in the electro-assisted system encourages the high tolerance of the plant to the lead concentration.


Energy and angular distributions of the fast outgoing electron beam induced by the interaction of 1-2 J, 30 fs, 3-20x1018 W/cm2 laser with a thin foil or a gas jet target are characterized by using both an electron spectrometer and Bremsstrahlung induced photo-nuclear reactions. The supra-thermic electron beams production was investigated for a solid target versus its thickness and its Z number, and for a gas jet target versus its pressure. Using a polyethylene target and a supersonic Helium gas jet target, we measured, respectively, up to 4x108 and 3x109 electrons produced per laser pulse, with energies up to, respectively, 60 MeV and 160 MeV. The associated Boltzmann temperature of these electrons is colder for thin foils (9 MeV) than for gas jet (18 MeV). About, respectively 0.06% and 1% of the laser energy has been converted to outgoing electrons with energies above 5 MeV. Such electrons leave the plasma in the laser direction within a cone with an opening angle of, respectively, 2.5° and 8.5°. We discuss the physical processes of electron acceleration. Numerical calculations show a good agreement with the experiments.


In this paper we propose a peer‐to‐peer (P2P) Grid comprising resources such as relatively static clients, high‐end resources and a dynamic collection of multiple P2P subsystems. We investigate the architecture of the messaging and event service that will support such a hybrid environment. We designed a distributed publish–subscribe system NaradaBrokering for XML‐specified messages. NaradaBrokering provides support for centralized, distributed and P2P (via JXTA) interactions. Here we investigate and present our strategy for the integration of JXTA into NaradaBrokering. The resultant system naturally scales with multiple Peer Groups linked by NaradaBrokering. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The performance and stability of Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuits is imperative to the efficiency of ac power systems and their respective loads. Since PFC converters may operate over a wide load range and support various peak input voltages, their controller should be designed for adaptability. In this paper, an adaptive Mixed Conduction Mode control algorithm which predicts the conduction mode and adjusts the feedback gain and feedforward signals is presented. This strategy is shown to expand the operating range and enhance the input current regulation of a bridgeless boost PFC converter through simulation in PSIM and on a hardware in the loop implementation in OPAL RT.


This paper describes a method for discrimination of structures in a plant facility by deep learning based on projected images created from a colored 3D point cloud data using a virtual camera system. In order to promote safe and secure decommissioning works, it is important to recognize a radiation condition in the workspace via calculation based on the measured sensor data. In our previous work, we proposed a structure discrimination method by 3D semantic segmentation network to obtain clues required for radiation dose simulation: shape regions for creating 3D shape model and structural category labels for assigning material information. However, in the evaluation, we confirmed that the network trained based on point geometric patterns had limited discrimination performance. In this paper, we introduce deep learning based on projected images created from colored 3D point cloud data to improve the accuracy of our structure discrimination method. The projected images are created by a virtual camera system, and after discrimination, predicted pixel-wise labels are back-projected into the 3D point cloud. In evaluation, we reported the discrimination performance and 2D-3D back projection result of our proposed method.


Achieving negative surgical margins is associated with improved survival for OPSCC, and the development of minimally invasive approaches such as TORS has led to decreased surgical morbid-ity. 1,10,22,23 To improve negative oncologic margin rates, techniques such as FGS have emerged as rapid and cost-effective methods of real-time intraoperative tumour visualisation. In this study, we compared the performance of a surgical robot-integrated NIR camera system to a dedicated NIR imaging platform for SWIG imaging during TORS for OPSCC. The combination of NIR FMI and TORS could aid in achieving negative surgical margins, but additional development is required to improve the technology currently available in the robot-integrated system.


Micelles of a block copoymer poly(styrene/butadiene/styrene) with cores consisting of polybutadiene blocks were stabilized in dilute solutions by UV radiation in the presence of a photo-initiator and also by fast electrons, and micelles of a block copolymer poly(styrene/ethene-co-1-butene/styrene) with cores formed by the aliphatic blocks were stabilized by fast electrons, in dilute solutions. Stabilization of micelles, i. e., crosslinking of the chains in micellar cores as well as the properties of stabilized micelles were studied by conventional light scattering, by light scattering photon correlation spectroscopy and by gel permeation chromatography.


One of the earliest poems in the English language, "The Seafarer", is about the sea. Britain is a maritime culture and it is difficult to think of its history without bringing to mind such figures as Drake, Hawkins, Raleigh, and Nelson. The language itself is suffused with obsolete nautical terms (aloof, taken-aback, above board), and the literature of the sea in both Britain and America is especially rich. In these extracts the sea assumes a variety of guises - from the scourge of small-boat adventurers to Matthew Arnold's "Sea of Faith"; from the colonial road of 16th-century explorers to the fickle intimate of Hemingway's Old Man; from the Ancient Mariner's phantasmagoria to the wave-formations of modern oceanographers; and from the sublime spectacle viewed by Addison and the 18th-century Enlightenment to Edgar Allan Poe's maelstrom. Arranged in chronological order, the extracts form a history of preoccupations with and ideas about the sea. "The Seafarer's" theme of bleak exile gives way to the practical business of Renaissance explorers, and this in turn provides a subject and a range of metaphors for the metaphysical poets, Milton and Dryden. With the 18th-century sea travel becomes a more gentlemanly pursuit (although often a disagreeable one as Tobias Smollett discovers), but the subduable, if sometimes inconvenient sea is soon whipped up into an archetypal storm by the Romantics. The 19th-century is remarkable for the numbers of writers who turned professional sailors - Melville, Conrad and Masefield to name but three. In their fictions, and in the records of the later single-handed yachtsmen such as Joshua Slocum and Hilaire Belloc, the sea becomes a striking setting for heroism and adventure. In the late 20th-century these romances seem played out, and the fresh investigations into the mechanics and meaning of the sea have been made more by the poets and oceanographers.


This study considers the configuration method of the opening applied to the Monastery of La Tourette and defines its architectural significance. This study reveals what architectural devices have been presented at the opening in order to help the priests living there for seven years get immersed in the inner spiritual activities. In addition, it is conducted as a process to examine its relationship with the theoretical arguments of the architects. It analyzes the status of all the openings appeared in the building comprehensively and deducts the main configuration methods. As a result, the three configuration concepts are deducted and the meaning for each is interpreted respectively. Consequently, the opening acted as a principal agent setting the relationship between the outside and the inside and controlled tightly the aspect of recognition of the outside from the inside in a variety of ways. Therefore, it made their mind rest peacefully in the inner part and proposed the role of architecture that induced religious inspiration. It is hoped that the view on the opening in terms of the form and surface plan of modern architecture shall be re-examined through this study and also this study shall be an opportunity to provide a new perspective that can expand the width of architectural interpretation for Le Corbusier.


This thesis is oriented towards the printing of crooked surface figures pressed by metal plate.In it,first,the vations advantages of pre-pressing print are analyzed.Secondly,with the application of CAD,the principles and methods of surface distortion drawing are elaborated.Thirdly,the transforming process from sphere surface figure's coordinate to its mapped distortion drawing's coordinate is established.Finally,the basic ideas of relevant software design are explained and thus CAD procedures of sphere pressing surface figures are perfected.The procedures are as follows:①Affix the figure to the sphere by using 3D Studio Max;②Write joint programs to take the sphere coordinates readings and its characters,conduct mapping transformation and save graphics file in proper format;③Use plate picture processing software to export figures or input the graphics file directly to printing machine to print;④Press the printed metal plate materials.


In article the author analyzed the requirements to knowledge and abilities of future tutors of preschool educational institution reflected in the professional standard of the teacher, considered the professional qualities of the tutor necessary for compliance to the professional standard, revealed value of a reflection and reflexive abilities in development of personal and professional qualities of future tutors of preschool educational institution and offered ways of the organization of studies of students future tutors of preschool educational institution within pedagogical courses on the basis of reflexive approach.


Jakarta in Imaginary City by Rain Chudori (2017) presents how psychogeography theory shows that environmental effects can influence people's ways of thinking, behaviour and emotions. This study aims to prove how Jakarta as a setting of imaginary city affects the emotions and behaviour of characters. Therefore, there are four key words in this novel Dérive, Flâneur, Sense of place, and Place Attachment. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by applying the theory of Psychogeography. The use of the concept is based on the interpretation of the text and in the context of the novel. This analysis also uses many fictional elements such as plot, character, conversation and setting to reveal the meaning contained in the novel. The result of the research shows that there are three keywords that can be proven in this novel based on psychogeography theory.


no other significant arrhythmias. Complete blood count showed no significant abnormalities while blood biochemistry revealed hyperglycaemia and decreased γglobulin concentration (Table 1). Further diagnostic workup was declined by the owner. Besides up to date immunization schedule, the owner reported a recent visit to the primary veterinarian and purchase of an amitraz-based ectoparasiticide for dogs, which eventually was administered at home to the cat as treatment for mild pruritus, manifested within the last two weeks. Thorough history clarified that an accidental subcutaneous injection of amitraz solution was given 2 hours prior to presentation in our clinic and that symptoms had appeared within less than an hour post-administration


This paper proposes a novel modeling scheme for model predictive control of a class of hybrid (continuous/discrete) flowshops, where permutation scheduling of jobs inserted into machines and control of continuous dynamics on jobs inside machines are simultaneously optimized in the conveyor-type flowshops. This modeling allows us to reduce the number of the binary decision variables in the resulting mixed integer programming (MIP) problem, thereby achieving a remarkable decrease in the computational burden of solving it. The proposed method is applied to slab reheating furnace control for a hot strip mill.


We have developed a novel small SmartLaserTM plug and play laser module that can be employed to house and power most CW semiconductor diode lasers and small TO type diode-pumped solid-state lasers offered by Advanced Photonic Sciences (APS). These include blue, visible, and near-infrared diode lasers operating from 404 nm to 980 nm, and TO solid-state devices producing output at 532 nm, 1064 nm, and 1535 nm. The innovative laser, mechanical, electrical, and software engineering efforts have resulted in the first smart laser micro-module. This is powered by a simple USB and is fully connected to the internet through a dongle that incorporates a Radio Frequency (RF) link, Analog to Digital converters (ADC), and live-streamed output. A new APS website is also demonstrated, showing the ability to monitor laser performance from any location and at any time. We believe that this new product is the first to offer full internet connectivity, and the ability to remotely monitor laser behavior. Applications of this new plug and play and monitor device are many and include remote monitoring of experiments utilizing lasers in universities and other laboratories, hazardous or environmental unfriendly locations, while traveling, as well as documentation of laser output power in situations involving eye-safety.


The plasma-sheath model and the Bohm criterion introduced by Bohm are among the earliest attempts to separately model the plasma and the sheath and to find a way to join the plasma and the sheath solutions. Although there is hardly a paper on plasma-sheath modeling that does not quote the Bohm criterion, Bohm's paper and his results are widely misunderstood. The reason for this is that, in his paper, Bohm himself misinterpreted his result by concluding that the sheath edge coincides with the reference point of his plasma-sheath model. As a result, the criterion for the reference point obtained by Bohm to ensure monotonicity of his sheath solution (i.e., the Bohm criterion) was erroneously applied to the sheath edge and was used in literature as a criterion for sheath formation. In this paper, we show that the Bohm criterion when applied to the sheath edge contradicts Bohm's own definition of the sheath and cannot be obtained from Bohm's plasma-sheath model.


: The recent development of data analysis provides opportunities for improving healthcare systems through analysis of health databases. However the thirst for data is conflicting with preserving the privacy of individuals. The generation of synthetic datasets may foster research on healthcare data analytics. It is mostly based on generative statistical models fitted on real data. Thus it still requires access to sensitive data. This article proposes a probabilistic relational model (Getoor et al. , 2007) fitted on publicly available datasets. Public healthcare statistics provide valuable information to mimic statistical distributions and do not hold sensitive personal data. More specifically, we propose to generate synthetic version of the national database of French insured patients. We do not only provide synthetic datasets, but a generator of datasets that can be used without any data access request. Experiments compare official statistics with those computed on synthetic datasets. Mots-clés : Synthetic dataset Probabilistic Relational Model Privacy Epidemiology.


With the growth of technology and the employment of smart instruments capable of image processing, the usage of QR codes is growing in various industries, including transportation, department stores, and so on. One of the applications for such labels that can be investigated is using in automated substation. This article is a review of using smart tags in power system automation.


Recent experiments on superconducting cavities have found that under large radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields the quality factor can improve with increasing field amplitude, a so-called"anti-Q slope."Linear theories of dissipation break down under these extreme conditions and are unable to explain this behavior. We numerically solve the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations at the surface of a superconductor in a parallel AC magnetic field, finding that at large fields there are quasiparticle surface states with energies below the bulk value of the superconducting gap. As the field oscillates, such states emerge and disappear with every cycle. We consider the dissipation resulting from inelastic quasiparticle-phonon scattering into these states and investigate the ability of this mechanism to explain features of the experimental observations, including the field dependence of the quality factor. We find that this mechanism is likely not the dominant source of dissipation and does not produce an anti-Q slope by itself; however, we demonstrate in a modified two-fluid model how these bound states can play a role in producing an anti-Q slope.


Inspired from butterfly wings that exhibit unique dewetting properties and brilliant structural color synchronously, we reported here the preparation of biomimetic few‐layer graphene films through a template‐directed chemical vapor deposition method using laser‐structured Cu foil as substrates. Hierarchical micronanostructures, including microscale stripes derived from the laser scanning and nanoscale laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), formed on Cu foil after a simple femtosecond laser treatment. By tuning the laser power, the surface roughness of the resultant Cu foils can be well controlled. Using the laser structures Cu foil as templates, biomimetic few‐layer graphene films with both iridescence and superhydrophobicity have been successfully prepared. The present work may open up a new way to design and prepare structured graphene film in a biomimetic manner, and we deem that the bioinspired few‐layer graphene films may find broad applications in the near future.