Based on analysis of the natural circulating water treatment systems process analysis to nitrogen pools,carbon pool and the phosphorus oxidation pond,a small natural circulating water treatment system is set up and a group of application experiments to domestic wastewaters are tested,with variety of natural materials as microbial carriers.The results show that: for the ordinary domestic sewage,a natural circulation system can make the effluent with CODcr 30~50mg/L,ammonia nitrogen 5mg/L,total phosphorus 1mg/L,close to the standard of available reclaimed water,and produces very little sludge during treatment process.


Rapid evolution of technology and increasing necessity of storing data and securing it as well gave rise to various techniques to secure it along with the new innovative malicious techniques to have a hazardous impact on the organization by wrecking the database and manipulating data. In this paper we have presented various techniques that are being used by such attackers called sql injections and their prevention methods these attacks are targeted towards web applications using databases and are injected through the input fields meant for taking information such as username or password. Such codes injected combines with the already present sql code and form a query that solves the purposes of the attacker if vulnerable to such attacks. General Terms Cyber security, authentication, forge identity.


The procedure of defect was analyzed.According to the causes of defect of coldroll,the effective measurements were carried out in practice,the roll has defect will not be used in the mill,roll consumption was reduced and at the same time reduced the abnormal stop time in the mill greatly.


This article examines developments and plans concerning the use of e-government in Vanuatu. It appreciates the significance of geography, climate and demography as drivers of whole-of-government initiatives, while also recognising the importance of specific organisational circumstances and needs. The experience addressed provides insights and lessons for other small island states which seek to transform their ICT systems and capabilities.


ABSTRACT Every student from the elementary to the graduate school has his/her own description of a good teacher. Some of them describe people who lecture continuously, some of them describe people who do little other than facilitate group process, and others describe properties in between. "What makes a good teacher?" becomes a highly complicated one when it is asked to a multicultural group. 67 student-teachers from 12 different countries filled in a questionnaire and defined the qualities of a good teacher. The results of the study reveal some interesting results between the European and Turkish students' understanding of a good teacher. Keywords: Teacher, Teacher Education, Teacher Qualities. 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented at Sabanci University International Conference on Foreign Language Education Tuning In: Learners of Language, Language of Learners. Istanbul, Turkey. 2007. 2 Bu makalenin bir kismi Sabanci Universitesi, Dil Ogrenenler, Ogrenenlerin Dili: Yabanci Dil Egitimi Uluslararasi Konferansi, 2007, Istanbul, Turkiye'de sunulmustur.


ABSTRACT Differential analysis techniques are commonly used to offer scientists a dimension reduction procedure and an interpretable gateway to variable selection, especially when confronting high-dimensional genomic data. Huang et al. used a gene expression profile of breast cancer cell lines to identify genomic markers which are highly correlated with in vitro sensitivity of a drug Dasatinib. They considered three statistical methods to identify differentially expressed genes and finally used the results from the intersection. But the statistical methods that are used in the paper are not sufficient to select the genomic markers. In this paper we used three alternative statistical methods to select a combined list of genomic markers and compared the genes that were proposed by Huang et al. We then proposed to use sparse principal component analysis (Sparse PCA) to identify a final list of genomic markers. The Sparse PCA incorporates correlation into account among the genes and helps to draw a successful genomic markers discovery. We present a new and a small set of genomic markers to separate out the groups of patients effectively who are sensitive to the drug Dasatinib. The analysis procedure will also encourage scientists in identifying genomic markers that can help to separate out two groups.


Thank you very much for reading nuclear weapons and nuclear war a source book for health professionals. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this nuclear weapons and nuclear war a source book for health professionals, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


We studied the luminescence of bulk Zn1xCd x Se solid solutions, epitaxial ZnSe films and ΖnSe1-xSx/ΖnSe1-ySy superlattices at Τ = 2-80 K. The analysis of the bands of exciton radiative annihilation with simultaneous emission of 1 or 2 LO phonons shows that the excitons in the studied samples can be considered as free particles with thermalized distribution of kinetic energies. In ZnSe 1-x S x /ZnSe1y S y superlattices a three-dimensional character of exciton motion was established. The periodic potential of su -perlattice perturbs the exciton wave vector and induces additional elastic scattering of excitons. PACS numbers: 78.20.Ci


In 1971, Tsukamura (5) proposed a new genus Cordona for slightly acid-fast organisms occurring in sputa of patients and in soil. Subsequently, Tsukamura (6) reported that the so-called "Mycobacterium rhodochrous' should be a member of this genus. Considering these findings, Tsukamura (7) proposed in 1974 that the generic name of this taxon should be Rhodococcus, and described the following six species: Rhodococcus rhodochrous, R. bronchialis, R. rubropertinctus, R. terrae, "R. roseus," and "R. aurantiacus" [The names in quotation marks are not present in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (4); the taxon 'R. aurantiacus' is now considered as belonging to another new genus (2, 10)]. In 1975, Tsukamura et al (9) reported that Nocardia rubra should be included in this genus. In 1977, Rowbotham and Cross (3) reported a member of the genus R. coprophilus, and Goodfellow and Alderson (1) defined the genus more clearly and described R. equi, R. erythropolis, R. rhodnii, and R. corralinus. The genus Rhodococcus is considered to be an intermediate between the genera Mycobacterium and Nocardia (1, 5, 10), and is more closely related to the genus Nocardia (5). Therefore, it is important to differentiate between the genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia. Previously several characters useful for differentiating among these genera have been reported (1,5,8, 10). In the present study, the test for susceptibility to mitomycin C was shown to be useful for differentiating the genus Rhodococcus from the genus Nocardia, and for differentiating among species of rapidly growing mycobacteria. Strains used were those maintained in this laboratory. The medium used was Ogawa egg medium. Its composition was as follows: basal solution [1% (w/v) KH2P04 and 1% (w/v) sodium glutamate], 100 ml; whole eggs, 200 ml; glycerol, 6 ml; and 2% (w/v) aqueous solution of malachite green, 6 ml (resulting in pH 6.8). The medium (7 ml) was poured into tubes, 165 by 16.5 mm, and slopes were produced by sterilization at 90 C for 60 min. Mitomycin C (Sankyo Co., Tokyo) was dissolved in distilled water and added to the medium before sterilization. Test organisms were cultivated on Ogawa egg medium at 37 C (nocardiae, at 28 C) for 5 days, and these were used for preparing bacterial suspensions. A bacterial suspension, I mg wet weight/ml, was prepared for each strain, by placing the


In this study, a novel chloride ion (Cl−) sensor based on Ag wire coated with an AgCl layer was fabricated using a gel-type internal electrolyte and a diatomite ceramic membrane, which played an important role in preventing electrolyte leakage from the ion-selective electrode. The sensing performance, including reversibility, response, recovery time, low detection limit, and the long-term stability, was systemically investigated in electrolytes with different Cl− contents. The as-fabricated Cl− sensor could detect Cl− from 1 to 500 mM KCl solution with good linearity. The best response and recovery time obtained for the optimized sensor were 0.5 and 0.1 s, respectively, for 10 mM KCl solution. An exposure period of over 60 days was used to evaluate the stability of the Cl− sensor in KCl solution. A relative error of 2% was observed between the initial and final response potentials. Further, a wireless sensing system based on Arduino was also investigated to measure the response potential of Cl− in an electrolyte. The sensor exhibited high reliability with a low standard error of measurement. This type of sensor is crucial for fabricating wireless Cl− sensors for applications in reinforced concrete structures along with favorable performances.


Buildings have become one of the fastest growing energy consumption sectors. Energy is used to operate the buildings' systems that are necessary for ensuring the comfort of the building's occupants; such as air-conditioning. In other hand, good energy management will assist to conserve the valuable natural resources and reinforce the global sustainability. The paper discussed the increase of electrical energy consumption in Saudi Arabia due to rapid economic development and the absence of energy conservation measures. Office buildings represent the commercial sector that consumes 14% of the total buildings energy consumption in Saudi Arabia. The new Tariff and the raise of the electricity rates have highlighted the problem of the energy consumption in office buildings and proved the need to develop energy conservation policies for sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on some of Saudi retrofitting studies to explore energy conservation opportunities in Saudi office buildings and review some of the international retrofitting studies in order to develop solutions that can be applied in Saudi Arabia. The studies led to the result that the building envelope has a direct effect on electricity and energy consumption and that glazed facades work as a transmittal for heat. In order to analyze the impact of glazing factor in Saudi Arabia and the need for retrofitting, an office building with 36% glazed facade was selected, and some recommendation was discussed to minimize the energy consumption.. Keywords—retrofit, energy conservation, glazing.


The properties of an optical soliton pulse propagating in the dispersion-managed(DM) system with the influence of third-order dispersion(TOD) are studied.Starting from the modified nonlinear Schr?dinger equation(NLSE),a split-step Fourier transform method has been used to derive the numerical solution of the NLSE.The influences of third-order dispersion compensation are discussed.The results show that the third-order dispersion has the obvious effect on the pulse's profile and spectrum,and the third-order dispersion compensation is suggested in long haul and high-bit-rate DM soliton systems.


DR. UNGAR: It is time to begin the panel discussion. First I am going to ask each of the members of the panel, Dr. Civan, Dr. Damadian, Dr. Hinke, and Dr. Ling, to state their positions briefly. We shall then have a discussion among panel members, followed by questions from the floor. The first speaker is Dr. Civan. DR. CIVAN: First of all, I would like to make it clear that I have not come as a defender of the faith, but rather have been trying objectively to evaluate the data presented at this conference. I would like, however, to mention at least briefly two aspects of the work which we have been pursuing and which I think bear on some of the material that has been discussed. One is the hypothesis that Dr. Shporer and I have presented (1972. Biophys. J. 12: 114.), and which I believe has been extended very elegantly by Dr. Berendsen and his colleagues. In view of Dr. Cope's remarks, a consensus now seems to have been reached here that we cannot define the precise amount of binding sodium, if any, within the cell from the NMR data alone, at least not at the present time. I would like to address my second remark to the work that Dr. Cereijido presented yesterday. Drs. Anthony D. C. MacKnight, Alexander Leaf, and Donald R. DiBona and I have also been very much concerned with measurement of the sodium transport pool in another epithelium, the urinary bladder of the toad. We have modified (1971. J. Membrane Biol. 6: 108.) the technique of Gatzy and Berndt (1968. J. Gen. Physiol. 51: 770.) in order to analyze the composition of isolated transporting cells from this epithelium. Briefly, tissue is mounted between the two halves of a Lucite@ chamber, the tissue is bathed with suitable media containing a radioactive marker of the extracellular space, and the experiment is then performed. At the conclusion of the study, the exposed tissue is cut away, the superficial layer of epithelial cells is simply scraped off the bladder with a glass slide, and the scrapings are analyzed for electrolyte and water content.


Toshiaki Gotoh and Tomohiko Koyanagi Department of Urology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine (Director: Prof. T. Koyanagi) Tadashi Matsuno Hokkaido Memorial Hospital of Urology (Director: Dr. T. Matsuno) The usefulness of transurethral resection or incision (TUR) of ureteroceles exprienced in these 16 years was evaluated. In 12 cases (15 ureters) of simple ureteroceles without collapse and eversion, TUR (distal incision) was performed for better drainage of the ureter. Though mild VUR appeared in 3 ureters, one disappeared spontaneously. In all cases clinical symptoms such as pain and urinary infection disappeared. Stone extraction was also successful in 3 patients. In 8 cases (8 ureters) of ectopic ureteroceles, TUR was performed for various reasons such as bladder outlet obstruction (5 ureters), drainage (2) and prolapse (1). In the former, bladder outlet obstruction was resolved in all without postoperative problems such as urinary incontinence. In particular, cecoureterocele was thought the best indication. In the latter two, TUR was also useful in 2 of 3, including one case which was thought cured only by TUR. TUR was also useful for the assessment of renal function. Thus TUR of ureterocles was thought one of the quite useful treatments both in simple and ectopic ones when the indication was strictly selected.


PLACEMAKING IN EUROPE AND AMERICA Reinventing Dixie: Tin Pan Alley's Songs and the Creation of the Mythic South. By John Bush Jones. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2015. [xxi, 270 p. ISBN 9780807159446. $45.] Bibliography, index, index of song titles.Why Dixie? This is the question that motivated author and historian John Bush Jones to write his book Reinventing Dixie: Tin Pan Alley's Songs and the Creation of the Mythic South. The question emerged from a project in which Jones analyzed the lyrics and subject matter of sheet music in the John Hay Library, a special collections library at Brown University in Rhode Island. During his examination of the 140,000piece collection, Jones discovered roughly 900 works about Dixie. However, the depictions of Dixie in these songs were not contemporary, but "idyllic portraits of an idealized South" (p. 11). Further investigation also determined that most of the Dixie songs were written by Tin Pan Alley composers and lyricists, also known as Alleymen, the majority of whom lived in the Midwest and had never set foot in the South. How is it that these songwriters could create such a powerful and profitable vision of a land of which they had no personal knowledge? And why is it that consumers purchased them in such high numbers and for such a long time, roughly 1898 to 1958? Reinventing Dixie sets out to discover the answers to these questions and discuss how the music "invented" and perpetuated the notion of an idealized and fictionalized Dixie.The study of a popularized image of Dixie is nothing new, nor is the discussion of the impact that popular music and Tin Pan Alley had in perpetuating the myth. Stephen J. Whitfield addressed the appeal of Dixie songs for Tin Pan Alley composers and lyricists at length in his article "Is It True What They Sing about Dixie?" (Southern Cultures 8, no. 2 [Summer 2002]: 8-37). Whitfield attributes the Tin Pan Alley interest in songs about Dixie to the natural progression from music written earlier about the South by non-native writers, such as the prolific Pennsylvanian composer Stephen Foster (Whitfield, p. 10). He also proposes the idea of a shared empathy in suffering between Jewish immigrants and African American slaves of the South to explain how it was that the Tin Pan Alley songwriters, who were mostly Jewish, could write about the subject in such a powerful way (ibid., p. 21).In Dreaming of Dixie: How the South Was Created in American Popular Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), Karen L. Cox devotes a full chapter to music about Dixie. Cox writes about the phenomenon of Dixie songs written by northern, Jewish immigrant songwriters of Tin Pan Alley. She credits nostalgia for the South and the interest in "other places" as the inspiration for the popularity of Dixie tunes (Cox, p. 10). Some of Cox's chapter reiterates Whitfield's theory of Tin Pan Alley's attraction to the subject of Dixie as an extension of Stephen Foster's work. However, Cox also considers the idea that coon songs, which are caricatures of racist African American stereotypes, were predecessors to "back-to-Dixie" songs (ibid., p. 16).What sets Reinventing Dixie apart from similar scholarship is the comprehensive discussion of sheet music about Dixie through detailed examination of the lyrics. Jones has painstakingly analyzed some 1,080 songs and separated them into seven major categories: sentimentality, stereotypes, southern hospitality, songs about lovers, realism and parody, homesickness and "Mammy Songs," and southern myths and pride. Jones gives each category a chapter and provides examples of songs that epitomize the topic, being careful to provide the Tin Pan Alley composers and lyricists for each title. He then provides historical and musical context for each piece, which will allow for a wide range of research to be undertaken using the book's content. …


Screening experiments on anti-oxidant used in phosphates ester fire-resistant hydraulic fluid have been done by opened-cup deterioration.Results show that the phenol type additive,TKY7930 anti-oxidant can effectively enhance oxidation resistant stability of fire resistant oil in high temperature,inhibit the deterioration rate and have no side-effeits on other performances.In addition,the anti-oxidant of TKY7930 is more effective if the total acid value of fire resistant oil in service is smaller,the addition amount of anti-oxidant TKY7930 suggested is 0.5%(wt).


In space missions, during the long isolation at extreme conditions for human health, it is of paramount importance to monitor vital parameters. One such parameter is the breathing rate. Indeed, several factors can induce some breathing anomalies during the sleep, which may cause apnea episodes. In order to act timely with the right therapy, an early diagnosis is required. Conventional devices are usually uncomfortable since they require electrodes or probes in contact with the subject. An alternative way to perform this kind of measurement in a remote sensing modality is provided by a continuous wave bioradar operating in the microwave frequency band. This is an effective contactless tool for monitoring the respiratory activity through the measurement of chest deformation due to inhalation and exhalation. The radar emits a low power electromagnetic wave at a single frequency, which is reflected by the human chest. By measuring of the phase shift between the incident and reflected wave, it is possible to detect and monitor the respiratory rate. The main contribution of this work is concerned with a metrological characterization of the continuous wave bioradar; which is a topic not thoroughly assessed in the relevant literature. In particular, the bioradar measurements are also compared with data recorded by a spirometer, which is a standard medical device that measures the air volume inhaled and exhaled by the subject. The purpose of this study is the characterization of the measurement standard uncertainty to enable the assessment of the bioradar system performance.


Physical aging in polystyrene was studied by annealing samples isothermally (at 22°, 57°, and 93°C) for various lengths of time and measuring the changes in the enthalpy and the flexural creep property. The enthalpy decrease reached a constant value after about 10 hours of aging at 93°C, indicating an apparent attainment of equilibrium, whereas the creep behavior continued to change with prolonged aging even after 10 hours. At room temperature it took about a year of aging to induce a measurable change in enthalpy, while the creep behavior showed changes clearly only after hours of aging. These and other items of evidence indicate that the effect of aging on the creep behavior cannot be interpreted solely in terms of the free volume concept. Thus the hope of being able to predict the mechanical properties of aged polymers from the measurement of specific volume or enthalpy alone is not likely to be realized.


The electronic tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) using tetrabutyl amonium bromide(TBAB) as raw material was prepared.At first, the elimination of the metal ions in tetrabutyl amonium bromide (TBAB) solution by the cation exchange resins was systematically studied.The WU-64 cation exchange resin was the most efficient for the elimination of metal ions in tetrabutylamonium bromide solution among the four investigated resins.Then, the preparation of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was carried out in an electrolyser with tri-chambers and sec-membranes, the current efficiency reached the maximum when the current density was 1000 A·m-2 and concentration of the raw material was 0.7 mol·L-1. Finally, the purification of the product was conducted in a divided cell separated by cation exchange membrane.The contents of Br- and Cl- residued in 15%(mass) TBAH solution after purification were 0.138 mg·kg-1 and 0.784 mg·kg-1 respectively.The results of the experiment can be references for microelectronics industry.


The chlorophyll fluorescence (Ex/Em: 411/667 nm) of organic, non-transgenic, and cold-extracted soybean oils was analyzed to evaluate the photosensitized oxidation. A strong negative correlation (r≥-0.94) was recorded between emission intensity and lipid oxidation indicators.


Levinas is a significant thinker that has deeply influenced 20th century thinking. Concepts like self, other, death and time play an important role in Levinas' system that deems ethics as 'prima philosophia'. Levinas contends that consciousness regarding death can only be achieved through the death of the other this idea shows parallelism with Heidegger's thinking. However, the death of the other, for Heidegger, comes to mean that Dasein acquires certain consciousness regarding its own 'being' by means of remembering its temporality and mortality which, on the contrary, are crucial for Levinas as they remind the ethical self of its eternal responsibility towards the other. The direction of the emotion created in the self by the death of the other makes an individual conscious of 'being' or an 'ethical self'. Witnessing the death of the other that leads to certain emotions in the self is the primary function of tragedy in the Aristotelian sense. The purgation - termed 'catharsis' by Aristotle - through emotions of fear and pity felt upon the death of the other on the stage forces tragedy to remain in moral boundaries. Aristotelian cathartic tragedy anticipates a moral cleansing by means of a consciousness of 'being' in Heidegerrian terms. Yet, in this article, the issue of the death of the other will be read from a Levinasian perspective and the aest-ethical function of tragedy as a literary genre will be foregrounded independently of the moral limitations imposed by 'catharsis'.


A catalytic composition comprising phosphorus cocatalyst ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, discloses the preparation and use. More particularly, to provide a manufacturing process for biomass conversion catalysts. The process includes the following steps: to form a phosphorus cocatalyst ZSM-5 component, it processes the ZSM-5 zeolite with the phosphorus-containing compound; slurry containing a phosphorus promoter ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder it is prepared; and that the shaped bodies the slurry. The catalyst can be used in a method of thermal catalytic conversion of particulate biomass into liquid products such as bio-oil, in comparison with conventional catalysts, a higher yield of bio-oil, it is possible to reduce the coke. .FIELD 1


PREMISE OF THE STUDY
Plants and animals may experience reproductive Allee effects in fragmented populations, and obligate pollination mutualisms may be especially sensitive to extinction risk via this density-dependent process. In this study we examine how a shift from within-crown reproductive synchrony to asynchrony influences reproductive assurance through contributions to selfing and outcrossing in small, spatially isolated populations of Ficus.

METHODS
The research focuses on the monoecious fig F. petiolaris and consists of phenological analyses and genetic assessments of selfing and outcrossing for populations located in Baja California's Sonoran Desert.

KEY RESULTS
Phenological censuses of eight populations revealed within-crown asynchrony in 44% of reproducing trees, with 16% having sufficient overlap of male and female flowering phases to permit selfing via the cycling of pollinating fig wasps within natal trees. In mating system analyses of two of these populations, however, multilocus outcrossing rates (t(m)) were indistinguishable from 1. This result, combined with low levels of inbreeding, indicates selfing to be absent or at best a minor contributor to reproductive assurance.

CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that the fitness benefits of within-crown asynchrony lie not with selfing, as commonly asserted, but with increased opportunities for outcross pollen transmission and receipt, changing our understanding of the mechanisms by which reproduction is facilitated and extinction risk minimized in naturally fragmented Ficus populations. Given the role of fig fruit as a keystone food resource in many tropical environments, trait variation leading to reproductive assurance in figs, such as within-crown asynchrony, has broader ecosystem-level implications.


(2) Horse streptococci Eh725, Eh728, Eh729, Eh850, Eh919, Eh955, Eh959, were obtained from the National Institute of Health; and K3, K4, Ks Kn from the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. (3) Bovine streptococci, Ec715, Ec7l7, Ec855, Ec862, Ec875, Ec889, Ecl230 were received from the National Institute of Health; H101, H102, H103, H107, H108, H362, H627, from the Geneva Experiment Station; and K10, K12, from the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.


Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is used to track biochemical processes in the human body. PET image quality is limited by noise and several methods have been implemented to improve the quality. Kernel-based image reconstruction is among the methods implemented to increase PET image quality and commonly uses a Gaussian kernel to include spatial correlations from image priors into the forward projection model of PET. Unfortunately, the Gaussian kernel tends to smooth details in the reconstructed image. To reduce noise without losing contrast details, a different kernel is needed. Wavelet kernels can be more efficient than the Gaussian kernel in reducing noise while keeping contrast details by better separating signal from noise and thus, it does not over smooth peak values in the final reconstructed images. In this work, we evaluate a wavelet kernel for kernel-based PET image reconstruction. For this goal, a wavelet kernel approach has been tested using simulated brain data, physical phantom data, and patient data. Reconstruction results are presented and discussed in detail comparing the wavelet kernel method with the Gaussian kernel method. Our results suggest that a wavelet kernel performs better in contrast recovery for phantoms and also results in higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for real patient data.


FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: device has at least one ultrasonic converter connected to communication element through which ultrasonic measuring signals are introduced under given angle into measuring pipe, and removed from the pipe. The communication element has at least two wedge-like partial members manufactured and/or placed in a way, that given input/output angle, is constant in temperature range of 0-100°C. The communication wedges contain various materials like plastics which are selected so, that sound speed and medium refraction coefficient changes caused by temperature changes are mutually compensated in two partial members. EFFECT: high accuracy of measurements in wide temperature range. 7 cl, 3 dwg


Appalachian Literature and the "Red-Headed Stepchild of Publishing:" The Writings of Victor Depta and the Cultural Work of Independent Presses By Kristopher Clifford Over the past couple of decades, Appalachian literature has developed a strong and close relationship with independent publishing, showing the latter to be an important medium for the expression for Appalachian voice. As the attempted consolidation of the book trade into a corporate, bottom-line oriented, high-profit industry minimizes the publication of books with mere "regional" appeal at the same time that the cultural products of Appalachia, as a region, continue to be marginalized through the continued deployment of stereotypes and attitudes of inferiority, Appalachian writers find it difficult to have their books published and distributed by major publishing houses. As a remedy to this problem, independent publishers are flourishing, and this thesis looks at the work of one prolific author/publisher in particular, Victor Depta, who exemplifies this phenomenon. The published work of Victor Depta crafts a new characterization of Appalachian, by its very defiance of the stereotypes that try to limit that characterization and prevent its voice from being heard.


As large software systems evolve, controlling their complexityis a major challenge for many companies, as they striveto deliver future releases on time and within budget. Severalsource code based metrics have been proposed to assist indetermining the complexity of code to help control developmentcosts and outcome.In this paper we offer a novel view on the problem of complexityin software. We present a complexity metric that isbased on the process followed by the developers to producethe code instead of on the code directly. We conjecture thata chaotic/complex development process negatively affect itsoutcome, the source code. We validate our hypothesis empiricallyusing data derived from the development processhistory of six large open source projects (three operatingsystems: NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD; a window manager:KDE; an office productivity suite: KOffice; and a databasemanagement system: Postgres).


In this paper, we use bias current boosting and slew rate enhancement in multiple-output Low-dropout structure to achieve a faster transient response. This method reduces ripples of output voltage during sudden changes in load current and input voltage. The proposed MOLDO circuit was simulated with a 0.18μm CMOS process in buck mode with four-output legs. Integrating of proposed circuit is easier because there is the symmetry in the circuit designing. The results of our work show that when input voltage changes between 2.5–3.3V, the output voltage after 25μs with load current of 100mA, is determined with ripple less than 1.8mV. In sudden changes, the load current at the range 0–100mA, and output voltages after a maximum 15.5μs with an input voltage of 3.3V have the highest ripple in output voltage of 4mV.


Abstract The Devono-Carboniferous chondrichthyan Stethacanthus is best known for its striking 'spine-brush' complex. Here we provide the first detailed description of the neurocranium, using several well-preserved specimens from Bearsden, Scotland (Serpukhovian; Pendleian E1). Significant features include an otico-occipital region of about the same length as the ethmosphenoid division; short but distinct lateral otic processes; a short, broad endolymphatic fossa; a persistent otico-occipital fissure; Y-shaped basicranial canals indicating origin of the lateral aortae anterior to the occipital level; and minimal suborbital shelves limited to small, ethmoidally located outgrowths. Using placoderm, osteichthyan and acanthodian neurocrania for outgroup comparison, PAUP analysis of a matrix of 23 neurocranial characters produced the following branching sequence: (Helodus (Stethacanthus, Cobelodus (Tamiobatis (Xenacanthus (Cladodus wildungensis (Tristychius, Hybodus)))))). The location of Cladoselache in this analysis is uncertain and probably results from missing data and a morphologically restricted character set. Plesiomorphic conditions for chondrichthyan braincases are found to include the presence of a persistent otico-occipital fissure, projection of the median dorsal aorta anterior to the occipital level, and absence of suborbital shelves. These results may have important implications with regard to primitive gnathostome interrelationships, and especially the phylogenetic position of placoderms.


In order to predict the landslide velocity, mass system model composed of damper is an effective method which is based on kinematic equations. Furthermore it is finally deduced by this method that downward forces( )have close linear relationship to velocities( (cid:6) ). Therefore, velocities( (cid:6) )of landslides increase in response to increasing downward forces( (cid:4) ). The analytical result using this technique to the Kostanjek landslide in Croatia clarified that this mass system model is effective to reproduce the variation of landslide velocity in response to the variation of groundwater level.


Using the Nurses' Health Study, Qi Sun and colleagues examine whether moderate alcohol intake is associated with overall health and well-being among women who survive to older age.


A comparison study of the auroral E region neutral wind has been conducted using the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar observations and Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electro dynamics general circulation model (TIME GCM) predictions. The daily mean wind data as well as diurnal and semidiurnal tidal wind data, are compared for the three seasons summer, equinox, and winter between 95 and 119 km. Fairly good agreement is found in the altitude profile of the mean zonal wind between the EISCAT observation and the TIME GCM prediction for summer, indicating the parameterization of gravity waves employed in the TIME GCM is adequate for this feature. The meridional mean wind amplitude predicted by the TIME GCM is considerably smaller than that observed by EISCAT, and the predicted wind is slightly northward for all the seasons above 100 km. Generally good agreement is found for the amplitude of the diurnal tide, especially the summer prediction, while disagreements between the model and observational results are found for the corresponding phases. The semidiurnal amplitude predicted by the TIME GCM is much smaller than that observed by EISCAT, and relatively large differences of the semidiurnal phase between the observations and predictions are found for all seasons. These comparison results suggest that further advancements in the gravity wave parameterization, as well as the addition of planetary wave effects, are needed to predict more realistic lower thermospheric winds at high latitude.


SUMMARY
A freeze-substitution method was used to fix tissues (from roots, leaf laminae and leaf meristem of tall fescue) subjected to lethal or non-lethal extracellular freezing, which induced intracellular dehydration. There was no evidence of direct (tearing) damage by extracellular ice. In the tissues fixed while so frozen, the cytoplasm was coherent and the plasmalemma was present but the trilamellar structure of membranes was not always evident, e.g. it was usual in thylakoid membranes but was rare in the peripheral membranes of chloroplasts. An abnormal feature was the presence of strongly osmiophilic material, often associated with membranous structures and possibly of more than one type. The appearance of the frozen tissues and the amount of strongly osmiophilic material did not vary with hardiness. When a lethal freezing treatment was given, strongly osmiophilic material occurred at the same sites in both frozen and thawed tissues, but it was largely absent from thawed non-lethally frozen tissues, though present in the same material before thawing. The occurrence of intact plasmalemmata in tissues fixed while lethally frozen and of strongly osmiophilic material in tissues fixed while non-lethally frozen, are in contrast to some other recent work.


The development of a three parameters Corresponding States (CS) model is here proposed aiming at the prediction of the saturated and compressed liquid density of pure fluids pertaining to the two conformal families of alkanes (A) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) which are widely used as refrigerants. Two fluids of the same family are chosen for both their acentric factor value and for the saturated and compressed liquid density dedicated equations availability and, on the basis of the Teja et al. three parameters CS model, the saturated and compressed liquid density of a fluid of interest is obtained in reduced variables. Assuming experimental data of saturated liquid density for several components of each of the two families of fluids an improvement is introduced substituting the acentric factor with a new constant scaling factor. As a final result both the saturated and the compressed liquid models are predictive methods. The reached prediction accuracy of the proposed method is similar to that of the dedicated equations for all the fluids of a family. The result is particularly satisfactory for the application requirements in refrigeration. INTRODUCTION In the study and design of components and systems for refrigeration and heat pumping the prediction of thermodynamic properties of pure refrigerants is required with an high accuracy level over a wide range of pressure and temperature. A very accurate volumetric equation for a pure fluid can be generally obtained from a wide number of precise experimental data regressing over them the parameters of the equation. Each fluid can then be represented only after a long and expensive experimental work. More often the study of the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids are limited to the components of a same family of compounds, so that the development of accurate thermodynamic models, valid only for the fluids of the same family, looks as a slightly simplifYing task. The utilization of modelling techniques in a corresponding-states format can yield interesting advantages and get a high level of accuracy when utilized inside the same family of fluids, producing new models more accurate than those currently available and with the minimum amount of experimental inputs. DENSITY MODELS Saturated Liquid Model Pitzer and co-workers [1,2] initially proposed to express the compressibility factor Z of a fluid of interest as a first-order perturbation, in form of a power series truncated at the first term, of the compressibility factor z(O) of a "simple" fluid in the acentric factor of the fluid of interest: [ oz()) Z=z(o) +m om (I) Since it is not possible to represent [ ~:)) directly through an EoS, Lee and Kesler [3] proposed to substitute the derivative in eq. (1) With the finite difference between the compressibility factors z(O) of a "simple" fluid and z(r) of a reference fluid~ Selecting a "simple" fluid having an m value very close to zero it comes:


There is a large increase in demand for genetically improved seed throughout the forestry sector. In response to this, the industry has collected over 7000 kilogrammes of seed rated GF16 to GF17. However, less than 5% of the total seed collected is rated higher than GF20. With reasonable nursery management and providing that all this seed is sown, this should be sufficient to provide planting stock for around 125,000 hectares in 1994. Cuttings of highly-rated material could also provide planting stock for an additional 10,000 hectares. Those experiencing difficulty in meeting their requirements for genetically improved seed or plants should note that increasing stocking per hectare will not adequately compensate for using lower-rated material. The product from New Zealand's current seed orchards has proved to be widely adaptable but very little seed rated higher than GF14 is being exported. Recipients * NZ Forest Research Institute, Rotorua. of these seed exports are organisations assisting with the further improvement of radiata pine in New Zealand. The use of imported seed is not recommended until it has been adequately tested in New Zealand. Additional areas of seed orchard are currently being established and yields of control-pollinated seed should increase in the future. Introduction Expressions of concern and feelings of insecurity over seed supplies of genetically improved radiata pine are evident in many parts of the forestry sector. These concerns have been brought about by the large increase in demand for improved seed, mainly from newer companies and investors in plantation forestry with no traditional source of seed supply. Also, because management of a large proportion of New Zealand's seed production is now on a more commercial basis, the practice of maintaining national seed reserves has been discontinued. Other factors that have contributed to the upsurge in demand for seed of high genetic quality include the increased awareness of the advances made by New Zealand's tree breeding programme (FRI l987), and the general use of the Seed Certification Service's improvement ratings throughout the forestry sector (Vincent 1987). (Around 90% of the seed certified is of the growth and form breed, so the improvement ratings are often referred to as GF numbers.) People who have seen the results achieved through tree improvement are unwilling to go back to using low-rated seedlots. Others arrive at a nursery aware that there is something good called GF25 and, because that they do not realise that supplies are currently very limited, they are disappointed when there are no plants available. Because of the progressive, advancing nature of the tree breeding programme, there will always tend to be a shortage of the latest, most highly improved seedlots (Carson et a1 1992). Currently less than 5% of the genetically improved radiata pine seed produced in New Zealand is rated above GF20. This is produced in control-pollinated (or meadow) seed N.Z. FORESTRY NOVEMBER 1993 45 orchards (Arnold 1990). Most of the remainder is rated GF16 or GF17 and is collected in open-pollinated orchards located mainly in the central North Island. How much improved seed is available? In the short term, the availability of any improved seedlot is limited to the production capacity of existing seed orchards. As with many other crops there can be a large natural variation in the quantity of seed produced each year. It is fortunate that the open-pollinated orchard seed crop available for nursery sowing in the 1993 season was heavy, compared to that of the previous year. The 1994 crop also looks good, although the number of full seeds per cone is as yet unknown. In 1989, when the total New Zealand seed requirement for radiata pine seed was at a low of about 2400 kilograms, there was a surplus of GF16 and GF17 seed. In the last two years national demand and production of seed rated GF16 or GF17 seed has markedly increased and New Zealand seed producers are currently collecting and extracting over 7000 kilograms. This should all be available for sowing this spring, unless some forest or nursery managers over-order or hold stocks to form their own reserve. AssumI ing 18,000 plants per kilo~ram of seed and anaverage of ~ O O O trees planted per hectare, with good management practice, 7000 kiloerams should be sufficient to plant 1 2 6 , b hectares. Also, it is estimated that well over 10 million cuttings have been set throughout New Zealand this year as a means of increasing the amount of highly-rated material available for forest planting. This is the approximate equivalent of an extra 500 kg of seed, and could make up about 7% of the total radiata pine planting stock available in 1994. However, these cuttings have been set mainly by the larger organisations in the North Island and all of this material is likely to be pre-ordered or otherwise committed. The national total of about 7000 kilograms of seed rated GF16 and GF17 combined with the estimated 10 million cuttings should provide enough planting stock for over 135,000 hectares in 1994. This total excludes seed available for sowing that is rated GF18 and higher (perhaps a further 600 kg), a proportion of which will be used for establishing more cutting stool-beds. Use of lower-rated seedlots The above quantity of plants may still be insufficient to meet demands for tree stocks in 1994. However, tree growers should be wary of using plants produced from lower-rated seed at a higher initial Control-pollination at Amberley seed orchard. Part of the expected increase in control-pollinated seed production. Photo: NZFRI, Rotorua. stocking per hectare as a substitute for higher-rated seed. In many cases when low-rated material is used, it is impossible to obtain the required number of acceptable trees per hectare after thinning even with very high initial stocking rates. In trial plantings that contain blocks of trees each with different levels of genetic improvement, thinning can sometimes improve stem form, but the lower-rated seedlots have slower growth, and a greater tendency to suffer subsequent leader and stem malformation. Thus, within two years after first thinning, the original stem form differences between seedlots have usually become obvious again, and the vigour of trees remaining after thinning in higher-rated seedlots is greater. Also, the returns from production thinning of improved seedlots are normally better, because of the increased log size and higher log quality (more are suitable for sawlogs rather than pulpwood). Seed exports In the late 1980s when national seed demand was at its lowest for many years, exports of seed rated between GF14 and GF17 accounted for about 35% of the total seed collected. In a very short time, New Zealand seed producers established a significant market (mainly in Australia) based on recognition of the high genetic quality of New Zealand orchard seed. However, even though the demand is still there, export levels of seed rated GF16 and GF17 have declined rapidly as the increased New Zealand requirement has meant that there is insufficient surplus. An exception to this is the continued supply of improved seed to Australian members of the New Zealand Radiata Pine Breeding Cooperative (NZRPBC). These Australian members are contributing to the future development of radiata pine breeding in New Zealand, both through the supply of their own tree breeding material for future testing in New Zealand, and by direct funding of the cooperative work programme. Seed export to these NZRPBC members currently accounts for less than 5% of seedlots rated GF16. Lower-rated orchard seed, not considered to be acceptable on the New Zealand market, is also being exported to a number of countries. Seed imports It is understood that because of the assumed seed shortage, some New Zealand nursery managers are considering sowing orchard seed imported from Australia this season. One of the major advantages of improved seed of New Zealand origin is that it has been tested on a wide range of sites over many years. Most of this material was selected on central North Island sites where a wide variation in stem


INTRODUCTION Antigenic Nature of Insulin. —Insulin has been proved to be a complete and soluble protein, and like other proteins 1 it may act as an antigen. Precipitins and complement fixation antibodies probably are formed in the susceptible organism after the injection of insulin, 2 but this opinion is not universally accepted. Reagins (circulating antibodies responsible for dermal reactions) frequently can be demonstrated in persons sensitive to insulin by passive transfer. 2 Chemists have been unable to find any difference in the microscopic appearances, isoelectric points, solubilities and molecular formulas of crystalline insulins from such varying sources as the ox, sheep, hogs and fish. 3 Some workers have maintained that the insulin derived from the pancreases of human beings, cattle, hogs, sheep, bison and dogs has an immunologic identity. 4 Other immunologists have found that beef and pork insulins have antigenic activity in common and also have a "residuum of


The conditions under which a correlated wavefunction for an atomic system can be an eigenfunction of angular momentum are investigated. It is shown how symmetry‐adapted pair‐correlated wavefunctions may be set up in which the pair functions satisfy the condition of strong orthogonality to the orbitals in the initial orbital approximation, and in terms of which the variational equivalent of the first‐order perturbation equation reduces to a set of uncoupled two‐body equations, one for each pair. The approach is illustrated by application to the lowest 3P, 1D, and 1S states of carbon and to the ground state of neon, the latter case being of particular interest as it shows how the separation of the orbitals into unique pairs is unsatisfactory when the orbital approximation contains a number of equivalent orbitals.


ABSTRACT Microbial treatment has been considered as an economic, effective and environment safe way of processing coal via degradation of the macromolecular network into simpler, low molecular weight products. The present work is intended to observe the feasibility of microbial attack on reject coal, having high ash content (65% ash). The results indicated that microorganisms were able to change and modify the macro molecular structure of reject coal. This paper summarizes the potential ability of the microorganisms to beneficiate reject coal and to make a value-added product, humic acid from reject coal. This work describes the status of current and the probable directions of the future research.


Abstract : A range of graded and ungraded chrysotile and amosite asbestos fibers have been examined as reinforcing fillers for thermoplastics. Methods of incorporating the fiber have been examined and the effects of incorporation and processing on the fiber length has been studied. The tensile properties of the asbestos fiber reinforced materials have been measured and compared with the properties of glass reinforced materials. The comparison shows that asbestos filled thermoplastics have higher rigidities but lower tensile strengths at the same loading. (Author, modified-PL)


Patient access schemes (PAS) have become an integral part of the UK pharmaceutical environment. This article investigates the historical role PAS have played in regard to health technology appraisals (HTAs), how the mechanism interacts with other features of the UK funding environment, such as the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF), and the PAS strategies employed by pharmaceutical companies to optimise funding recommendations. It also takes a forward look towards any role PAS might have in a value-based pricing system, which is potentially facing the UK from 2014. PAS have shifted from outcome-based schemes to financially-based discounts. It is clear that as PAS have become more integral to the UK HTA environment, an acceptance of confidentiality and a requirement to prove that PAS reduce uncertainty to payers are two major developments. The article also highlights how the CDF may act as a potential disincentive for manufacturers to engage with PAS and provide the NHS with discounts to achieve cost-effectiveness. T...


The Early Proterozoic sedimentary basins in Wutai mountains distribute on the southflank of Archean granitoid-greenstone belt uplift with megathick elastic and carbonate rockassemblages. The age of basin formation is 2306 Ma (determined by U-Ph method), comparable to the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa. This area has attracted a large number ofgeologists to look for the gold-uranium conglomerate type gold deposits. In recent years,with the advance of the prospecting of Archean greenstone belt gold deposits in Wutai Mis.,the prospecting of conglomerate type gold deposits makes important findings. By now, morethan 10 gold deposits and occurences have been found. The Early Proterozoic metaconglomerate type gold deposits all occur in the lower level of Hutuo Group-the middle and bottomparts of the alluvial fans on the steep side of the basin, strictly controlled by strata horizon,hosted in metasandstone with gravels. The natural gold is middle-coarsely grained. Theremay be ancient placer deposits which came from the denudation and transportation of theArchean greenstone belt gold deposits. The gold deposits are obviously controlled by latestructure-anticline and relation brittle-ductile shear zone. They are the results of the activation, transportation and enrichment of metahydrothermal formed by structural action.The brittle-ductile shear zone is their hosted structures.The primary mineralizational structural model for the conglomerate type gold deposits is established in this paper. The study onand findings of these reconstructed gold deposits are of important guiding significance to theprospection of the Early Proterozoic conglomerate gold deposits in China.


At this present time, the significance of data streams cannot be denied as many researchers have placed their focus on the research areas of databases, statistics, and computer science. In fact, data streams refer to some data points sequences that are found in order with the potential to be non-binding, which is generated from the process of generating information in a manner that is not stationary. As such the typical tasks of searching data have been linked to streams of data that are inclusive of clustering, classification, and repeated mining of pattern. This paper presents several data stream clustering approaches, which are based on density, besides attempting to comprehend the function of the related algorithms; both semi-supervised and active learning, along with reviews of a number of recent studies.


Summary.  Significant progress has recently been made in the development of gene therapy for the treatment of hemophilia A and B. These advances parallel the development of improved gene delivery systems. Long‐term therapeutic levels of factor (F) VIII and FIX can be achieved in adult FVIII‐ and FIX‐deficient mice and in adult hemophiliac dogs using adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vectors, high‐capacity adenoviral vectors (HC‐Ad) and lentiviral vectors. In mouse models, some of the highest FVIII or FIX expression levels were achieved using HC‐Ad vectors with no or only limited adverse effects. Encouraging preclinical data have been obtained using AAV vectors, yielding long‐term FIX levels above 10% in primates and in hemophilia B dogs, which prevented spontaneous bleeding. Non‐viral ex vivo gene therapy approaches have also led to long‐term therapeutic levels of coagulation factors in animal models. Nevertheless, the induction of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) to FVIII or FIX sometimes precludes stable phenotypic correction following gene therapy. The risk of inhibitor formation varies depending on the type of vector, vector serotype, vector dose, expression levels and promoter used, route of administration, transduced cell type and the underlying mutation in the hemophilia model. Some studies suggest that continuous expression of clotting factors may induce immune tolerance, particularly when expressed by the liver. Several gene therapy phase I clinical trials have been initiated in patients suffering from severe hemophilia A or B. Some subjects report fewer bleeding episodes and occasionally have low levels of clotting factor activity detected. Further improvement of the various gene delivery systems is warranted to bring a permanent cure for hemophilia one step closer to reality.


A Teacher Reflects on Seven Years in a Kansas City Alternative High School With an informed eye to the psychological, sociological, and institutional aspects of immediate events, the writer explores her seven years teaching in a school for disadvantaged urban youth living in a mid-sized Midwestern U.S. city. This work melds intensely personal memoir with perspectives to be had from current research, thus situating the personal in a wider social context. With this articulation came deep dissatisfaction with premises and practices on which the high school was based, and ultimately the writer decided to leave for an entirely diff erent environment. At the conclusion is an annotated bibliography, offering the reader tools to evaluate the writer's experiences as well as his or her own.


Abstract : Experiments conducted with several aluminum alloys and a number of different propellants, with isochoric flame temperatures ranging from 2197 to 3000K, demonstrated again that the onset of erosion corresponds to the onset of melting of tha luminum. Lower concentrations of CO2 and H2O were found to occur in HMX propellants and erosion data showed considerably lower excess erosion with these propellants. Synergistic erosion of steel was also substantially reduced by the use of HMX propellant compared with the more commonly used IMR propellant. A spectrograph and a residue catcher and analysis technique was used respectively to demonstrate that propellant products oxidize the eroding aluminum and that the metal is molten when removed from the surface. (Modified author abstract)


The theory of repeated games explores how mutual help and cooperation are sustained through repeated interaction, even when economic agents are completely self-interested beings. This thesis analyzes two models that involve repeated interaction in an environment where some information is private. In the …rst chapter, we characterize the equilibrium set of the following game. Two players interact repeatedly over an in…nite horizon and occasionally, one of the players has an opportunity to do a favor to the other player. The ability to do a favor is private information and only one of the players is in a position to do a favor at a time. The cost of doing a favor is less than the bene…t to the receiver so that, always doing a favor is the socially optimal outcome. Intuitively, a player who develops the ability to do a favor in some period might have an incentive to reveal this information and do a favor if she has reason to expect future favors in return. We show that the equilibrium set expands monotonically in the likelihood that someone is in a position to do a favor. It also expands with the discount factor. However, there are no fully e¢ cient equilibria for any discount factor less than unity. We …nd su¢ cient conditions under which equilibria on the Pareto frontier of the equilibrium set are supported by e¢ cient payo¤s. We also provide a partial characterization of payo¤s on the frontier in terms of the action pro…les that support them. In the second chapter, we use numerical methods to compute the equilibrium value set of the exchanging favors game. We use techniques from Judd, Yeltekin and Conklin (2003) to …nd inner and outer approximations of the equilibrium value set which, together, provide bounds on it. Any point contained in the inner approxima-


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: lighting system includes a drive current controller which outputs current signals for one or more first groups of light-emitting elements, and a signal output module operatively connected to the drive current controller. The signal output module is configured to determine drive current signals for one or more second groups of light-emitting elements. The current signals are based on current signals output into the first group of light-emitting elements. The method comprises steps for determining one or more first drive currents for driving one or more first groups of light-emitting elements and determining one or more second groups of drive currents for driving one or more second groups of light-emitting elements, wherein each of the one or more second drive currents is predetermined based on at least one of the one or more first drive currents. EFFECT: simplification and higher cost-effectiveness. 15 cl, 2 dwg


The present invention relates to a capacitive sensor 100 for detecting an object and/or an individual, characterized in that said capacitive sensor comprises at least three elongate electrodes El, E2 and E3 extending substantially in a same plane P and separated from one another over all or part of the length thereof by a substantially constant predetermined distance d2 and d3 of separation, which is, for example, around several millimeters.


The objective of this program is to identify, develop, and demonstrate an optimum wire insulation system that is capable of continuous operation at 300 C. The system is to possess a combination of superior electrical (AC or DC), mechanical, and physical properties over the KAPTON (trademark) derived insulations described in MIL-W-81381 and those hybrid constructions identified in Air Force contract F33615-89-C-5606, commonly known as TKT constructions.


Critical Heat Flux (CHF), also called burnout, is one of the major design limits for water-cooled divertors in tokamaks. Another important design issue is the correct thermal modeling of the divertor plate geometry where heat is applied to only one side of the plate and highly subcooled flow boiling in internal passages is used for heat removal. This paper discusses analytical techniques developed to address these design issues, and the experimental evidence gathered in support of the approach. Typical water-cooled divertor designs for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are analyzed, and design margins estimated. Peaking of the heat flux at the tube-water boundary is shown to be an important issue, and design concerns which could lead to imposing large design safety margins are identified. The use of flow enhancement techniques such as internal twisted tapes and fins are discussed, and some estimates of the gains in the design margin are presented. Finally, unresolved issues and concerns regarding hydraulic design of divertors are summarized, and some experiments which could help the ITER final design process identified. 23 refs., 10 figs.


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small non-coding RNAs, typically 18-25 nucleotides in length. They regulate various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through suppressing their target genes. Recent studies have shown aberrant expressions of miRNAs in many malignancies as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, playing an important role in tumor development and progression. Aberrant expressions of miRNAs are closely associated with diagnosis, prognosis and chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer, and they may also be potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Here, this article gives the brief review about the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis and chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2013.06.015


A group of seated and standing Maori in an open grassed area. Two wharenui on the left, with a low dwelling on the right. A woman is tending to a fire on the right. The marae is surrounded by a palisade, with an opening, flanked by a single cabbage tree. Rata or pohutukawa trees are massed on a low hill to the left beyond the houses. The scene is likely to be in the upper North Island
Quantity: 1 oil(s).
Physical Description: Oil on board, 183 x 203 mm (page size).


A general method to design a 2D dissimilar cloak for irregular regions is presented by operating a nonlinear transformation in polar coordinates. The material parameters avoid discontinuities while the thickness of the cloak shell is effectively limited in elongated directions. Full-wave simulations of an elliptic cloak, a rectangular cloak, and an arbitrary-shape cloak are performed to verify the validity of the design. Both the material parameters and the scattering widths of different models are calculated and illustrated for comparison. This method provides a possible approach for designing complex shaped cloaks. PACS 41.20.Jb · 42.25.Gy · 42.25.Fx


This paper reviews the efforts of the author and his colleagues over the past five decades to develop mesomechanical models of material failure. In the early 1970s a procedure known as the NAG/FRAG (Nucleation and Growth to Fragmentation) methodology was introduced by a group at SRI International. Experiments are performed in which the evolution of micro structural damage is measured posttest as a function of stress, time‐at‐stress, temperature, and other environmental parameters. Damage nucleation and growth functions are deduced via iterative computational simulations. I conclude the review with a discussion of a current challenging problem: that of designing improved glass and ceramic armors.


The embodiment of the invention discloses an icon control method and a terminal, which are used for solving the problem of terminal error response during the icon dragging by a user on the precise of not influencing the existing operation habit of the user. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps that a first input of the user is detected, the detected first input is responded, a first icon moves to a second icon, when the distance between the first icon and the second icon is determined to be in a first distance interval, and in addition, the duration of the first icon in the first distance interval in the retaining state is greater than the first preset duration, the operation of executing a first operation on the first icon and the second icon is prompted, and when the distance between the first icon and the second icon is determined to be in a second distance interval, and in addition, the first icon in the second distance interval is in the remaining state, the operation of executing a second operation on the first icon and the second icon is prompted.


The invention discloses a method for preparing circular cylindrical colloidal crystals based on optical fibers and crystals thereof. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: stripping off optical fiber coating layers; removing oil and dirt, and cleaning and drying the optical fibers; inserting the optical fibers into HF acid buffer solution; etching and coarsening the coverings by using HF acid to enhance hydrophilicity so as to contribute to coating of microspheres; preparing colloidal microsphere solution of different materials (such as PS, PMMA, Silica and the like) with different concentrations; vertically inserting the etched and coarsened optical fibers into a glass bottle holding the colloidal solution; coating colloidal crystals on the outer surfaces of the coverings of the optical fibers by a vertical deposition method under the conditions of certain temperature and certain pressure intensity; and sintering and curing the circular cylindrical colloidal crystals by using a sintering furnace. The formed circular cylindrical colloidal crystals can be used as a three-dimensional photon crystal filter; an air core and a porous structure can be formed to be further developed into an optical fiber and environment biosensor; and because the crystals are prepared on the normal single-mode optical fibers, the method has the advantages of simple and convenient manufacturing and low cost.


Infrared spectroscopic imaging has emerged as a powerful label-free diagnostic tool to study the molecular composition and organization in biological tissues and cells. We report infrared spectroscopic imaging using polarized light to study differential absorption of plane-polarized light by an oriented sample to detect valuable information, such as, birefringence and dichroism. For instance, the organization of collagen, specifically fiber orientation and alignment, is crucial in understanding the progression and metastasis of cancer. Recent advancements in the development of Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) sources have opened new avenues for high SNR measurements in the field of IR spectroscopy. In addition, QCL sources are intrinsically polarized and orientation information can be obtained at discrete frequencies with different polarization orientations, allowing much faster acquisition than a corresponding FT-IR approach. We demonstrate improved performance in terms of fast and comprehensive polarimetric image acquisition and analysis using custom-built QCL microscope and evaluate its impact on applications by analyzing the important spectral bands of surgical tissue sections.


Peripheral circuit structure of a semiconductor memory device, comprising - a delay circuit which includes a MOS transistor (100) and a plurality of MOS capacitors (102), which use a same supply voltage (IVC) and are coupled to a terminal of the MOS transistor (100), wherein a gate oxide of the MOS transistor gate oxides on the one hand and the plurality of MOS capacitors on the other hand have delay time-controlling different thicknesses, - an output switch arrangement a plurality of parallel between a same supply voltage (IVC) and an output of the power switch arrangement looped transistors (231, 232) includes having different gate oxide thicknesses, and - a directional delay stage, the plurality of serially connected delay units (210, 212, 214) which use a same supply voltage (IVC) and each having a PMOS and an NMOS transistor beinhal th whose gate terminals are connected to one another and a Eingag the associated delay unit form, wherein the transistors include the directional delay stage transistors having different gate oxide thicknesses.


Hunt the Cluster (HTC) is an interactive image browser for small to medium-sized P2P networks that uses methods that are likely to scale also to larger net- works. In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, computers with equal rights form a logical (overlay) network in order to provide a common service that lies beyond the capac- ity of each single participant. Current research on re- trieval in P2P systems focuses largely on keyword-based retrieval and other weakly interactive query paradigms. In contrast, interaction is at the center of our contri- bution. We demo a Bayesian, PicHunter-like image browser that helps the user in finding images in distributed col- lections. Such browsers operate by presenting sequences of thumbnail-based collection overviews to the user, at each step collecting user feedback that is used to update a Bayesian model. Our approach is scalable in that the state of the Bayesian model is maintained locally in the browsing peer and only a few thumbnails are requested from the network at each step. Each query step is thus done in a short timeframe. At the conference we will present one peer that is connected to a P2P network consisting of 50 peers, let- ting visitors try the browsing functionality of our sys- tem.


This research explored perfume consumption behaviors and fragrance sensibility attitude according to perfume involvement level. Data were collected by surveying 241 female college students who are recognized as a core consumer group for perfume products in Korea. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and t-test. In results, 241 respondents were classified into 2 groups with respect to perfume involvement. Group difference was found in some of consumption behaviors and fragrance sensibility attitude. Specifically, the high involvement group used more often and spent more money on perfume, than did the low involvement group. Also, people highly involved with perfume shopped more often in perfume specialty stores, considering smelling test as the more important information source than did people in the low involvement group. Young females most liked delightful and young sensibility of perfume fragrance while they disliked stimulating and strong fragrance. People in the high involvement group preferred sophisticated and modem feelings of perfume fragrance more than did people in the low involvement group. Based on results, product development and marketing implications were generated.


Calculations of dynamic polarizabilities of lower levels for Mg and Ca atoms have been performed in wide interval of frequencies. Values of 3s4p 1 Р 1 levels shift for Mg atom and 4s9p 1 Р 1  for Ca atom were found. The obtained results were compared with experimental data. Account of correlation movement of valence electrons has been conducted in tire framework of configuration interaction method.


Action recognition is one of the representative perception tasks for robot application, but it still remains challenging due to complex temporal dynamics. Although temporal shift module (TSM) has been considered to be one of the best 2D CNN based architecture for temporal modeling, its inherent structural simplicity limits performance and has room for improvement. To mitigate this issue while following TSM's philosophy, this paper presents a variant of TSM, termed as Discriminative TSM (D-TSM), with a focus on capturing dis-criminative features for motion pattern. Going further from the naive shift operation in TSM, our D-TSM explicitly transforms shifted features by applying element-wise subtraction. This simple approach is effective to create discriminative features between adjacent frames with a small extra computational cost and zero parameter. The experiments on Something-Something and Jester datasets demonstrate that our D-TSM outperforms TSM and achieves competitive performance with low FLOPs against other methods.


An approach for accurately modeling the RC-interconnect delay and gate-loading effects in a hierarchical timing analyzer is presented. The change in gate-loading due to interconnect resistance is considered by an "effective capacitance" approximation. The RC-interconnect path delays are precharacterized in terms of an interpolating polynomial function.


This work deals with solving systems of linear equations in the field of complex numbers for digital signal processor. It includes description of properties of Tiger-SHARC Processor ADSP-TS201S from company Analog Devices. The next part deals with methods for solving linear equations and tested in MATLAB. Afterward the analysis is accomplished to determine the characteristics of the different methods with regard to the needs of DSP. The last part describes the implementation of the method based on QR decomposition using the modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm to the signal processor and obtained results are discussed.


feasible to be applied as learning media for C ++ Basic Programming,and knowing the feasibility of interactive video tutorial learning media to be applied as basic programming learning media for the University Hamzanwadi Program Study Education Informatics. This research is a research and development. The development model used is the ADDIE development model. The type of data used is quantitative and data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this research is quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the results of interactive tutorial video learning media products stated that it was appropriate to be used according to material experts with a percentage of 85% while according to media experts it was declared very feasible with a percentage of 89% and the results of user responses were stated to be Very High with a percentage of 83%. Thus the interactive video tutorial learning media is very feasible to be used as a learning media.


The Liguria Region in Northern Italy is characterized by a wide geological and geomorphological variety, encompassing an important and valuable geoheritage. The Ligurian regional law (L.R. 39/2009) protects and enhances geodiversity and geosites, establishing the Regional Inventory of Geosites; however, an approved official inventory is still lacking. In this work, a first reasoned inventory of 120 geosites is proposed for the Liguria Region on the basis of field surveys and literature review. A quantitative assessment of the value and the degradation risk of geosites has been carried out: the value assessment takes into account scientific, additional and potential-for-use values; the degradation risk assessment considers geosites' fragility and vulnerability. The results, providing knowledge on the Ligurian geoheritage, can serve as the basis for the Regional Inventory of Geosites and can be useful tools for the implementation of any regional geoconservation strategy or environmental management plan.


One or more techniques and / or systems are disclosed for apparatus for use with a syringe or pipette. Chamber body includes a first chamber, a second chamber, and a fluid port. The first fluid seal is disposed in the first chamber, the second fluid seal is arranged in the second chamber. Chamber body, when the first seal and the second seal is disposed in the first position, the first chamber wall, a first defined by the first seal and the second seal forming the capacitor. Said first capacitor when said first seal and said second seal is disposed in the second position, at least a second chamber wall, and said first seal, said second seal It is defined and a second capacitor defined by the sum of the third capacitor comprising the fluid discharged by the fluid port by. .The


Objective To analyze the clinical features of aortic dissection,to improve the accurate diagnosis,and reduce misdiagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 104 cases of aortic dissection were collected and analyzed retrospectively between January 2007 and September 2012.Results Among the misdiagnosed diseases,6 cases were acute myocardial infarction,18 cases were acute coronary syndrome,2 cases were acute cholecystitis,2 cases were acute abdomen;1 cases were kidney stone;2 cases were brain embolism;2 cases were pulmonary embolism;1 case was arterial embolism;Conclusion The manifestations of AD are complicated.The misdiagnosis rate is high.To improve the understanding of AD and reduce misdiagnosis by combining the available examination instruments.


Abstract Small business in the Russian Federation is actively developing not only in large cities, but also in small rural settlements. This is facilitated by the demand for agricultural products grown in ecologically clean territory. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is developing support programs for rural entrepreneurs, which allows you to start a business without high costs. This paper discusses farming in detail as the form of small agricultural business. The theoretical part involves an analysis of the essence of the concept of a farm, the legislative aspect, the process of opening and the difference from other forms of management. From a practical point of view, the place of farms in the Russian Federation was determined in the structure of agricultural production. The study was conducted by systemic and monographic methods. As a result, the advantages, disadvantages and prospects for the development of farming in Russia were identified.


Title: Re-energising the way we manage change in healthcare: The case for Soft Systems Methodology and its application to evidence-based practice Authors: Hanna Augustsson (email@example.com) Kate Churruca (email@example.com) Jeffrey Braithwaite (firstname.lastname@example.com) Version: 1 Date: 27 Jun 2019 Author's response to reviews: We thank the reviewers and the editor for the constructive and helpful comments on our manuscript. We have addressed the comments in the revised manuscript and in the response to reviewer and editor comments below. All changes in the manuscript are indicated using "Track changes". ID: BHSR-D-18-02185 Re-energising the way we manage change in healthcare: The case for Soft Systems Methodology and its application to evidence-based practice Reviewer/editor Response


The paper documents derivations of: (a) a recurrence relation for calculating values of multidimensional Hermite polynomials, (b) a recurrence relation for calculating an approximation to the Gram-Charlier co- efficients of the probability density distribution associated with a random process, based on (a), (c) an efficient algorithm to utilize the formulae in (a) and (b).


The production of heavy meson-antimeson pairs of the type $S\,V$ and $P \, A$ in $e^+e^-$ annihilation is considered, with $P$ and $V$ being the ground-state $J^P=0^-$ and $J^P=1^-$ (anti)mesons from the $(1/2)^-$ doublet, and $S$ and $A$ standing for the excited $J^P=0^+$ and $J^P=1^+$ (anti)mesons from the $(1/2)^+$ doublet. It is argued that the production amplitudes in these two channels should be equal up to a higher (than one) order in the heavy quark mass ($\Lambda_{QCD}/M_Q$) expansion, $A(e^+e^- \to S \bar V) = A(e^+e^- \to A \bar P)$, including both the $S$-wave and the $D$-wave amplitudes. Given that the $S\,V$ and $P \, A$ thresholds are extremely close, the production cross section in both channels should be the same to a high degree of accuracy. In practice this behavior can be studied for the processes $e^+e^- \to D_{s0}(2317) \bar D_s^* +$ c.c. and $e^+e^- \to D_{s1}(2460) \bar D_s +$ c.c. in the charm sector and $e^+e^- \to B_{s0} \bar B_s^* +$ c.c. and $e^+e^- \to B_{s1} \bar B_s +$ c.c. in the $B$ sector.


The UX graph, an evaluation method of the UX, was originally developed as a paper-based tool to record the degree of satisfaction on a time scale since the start of use of a product. We developed a Web-based tool for recording and analyzing a UX graph where it is possible to exchange the experience episodes, and to change the value of satisfaction as an easy-touse evaluation method of UX. The tool dynamically shows the UX graph by allowing users to manipulate the experience episode and the graph curve by finger or mouse. In addition to the development, its usability was tested using the βversion.


This paper takes the standard steady state heat supply and loss equations used in many heating textbooks and applies them to a compensator controlled heating system. It then develops the equations to consider casual gains. Sensitivity analysis is carried out on emitter and boiler sizes. It is found that: heating systems without internal sensors can utilise up to 30% of casual heat gains to reduce system heat output; that the heat emitter size is of key importance to efficient control; that a nonlinear compensator algorithm is required to maintain constant room temperatures. To show the effectiveness of a compensator, a system with a compensator is hypothetically compared with one with only a boiler thermostat at a constant setting.


It is currently unknown whether all Plasmodium falciparum infected mosquitoes are equally infectious. We assessed sporogonic development using cultured gametocytes in the Netherlands and natural infections in Burkina Faso. We quantified the number of sporozoites expelled into artificial skin in relation to intact oocysts, ruptured oocysts, and residual salivary gland sporozoites. Sporozoites were quantified by highly sensitive qPCR; intact and ruptured oocysts by fluorescence microscopy following anti-circumsporozoite antibody staining. In laboratory conditions, higher total sporozoite burden in mosquitoes was associated with a shorter duration of sporogony (p<0.001). Overall, 53% (116/216) of P. falciparum infected An. stephensi mosquitoes expelled sporozoites into artificial skin. The geometric means of expelled and residual salivary gland sporozoites were 116 (interquartile range (IQR: 33-501) and 21,016 (IQR: 9127-78,380), respectively. There was a strong correlation between ruptured oocyst number and salivary gland sporozoite load (ρ=0.74; p<0.0001) and a weaker positive correlation between salivary gland sporozoite load and the number of sporozoites expelled (ρ=0.35; p=0.0002). In Burkina Faso, An. coluzzii mosquitoes were infected by natural gametocyte carriers. Among mosquitoes that were salivary gland sporozoite positive, 97.2% (36/37) expelled sporozoites with a geometric mean of 420 expelled sporozoites (IQR: 116-2,779) and harbored a geometric mean of 35,149 residual salivary gland sporozoites (IQR: 20,310-164,900). Again, we observed a strong correlation between ruptured oocyst number and salivary gland sporozoite load (ρ=0.84; p<0.0001) and a positive correlation between salivary gland sporozoite load and the number of sporozoites expelled (ρ=0.68; p=0.0003). Whilst sporozoite expelling was regularly observed from mosquitoes with low infection burdens, our findings indicate that mosquito infection burden is associated with the number of expelled sporozoites and may need to be considered in estimations of transmission potential.


We present a density functional theory analysis of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond which are located in the vicinity of extended defects, namely intrinsic stacking faults (ISF), extrinsic stacking faults (ESF), and coherent twin boundaries (CTB) on \{111\} planes in diamond crystals. Several sites for NV centers close to the extended defects are energetically preferred with respect to the bulk crystal. This indicates that NV centers may be enriched at extended defects. We report the hyperfine structure (HFS) and zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters of the NV centers at the extended defects which typically deviate by about 10\% but in some cases up to 90\% from their bulk values. Furthermore, we find that the influence of the extended defects on the NV centers is of short range: NV centers that are about three double layers (corresponding to $\sim6$ $\mathring{A}$ away from defect planes already show bulk-like behavior.


Nowadays spectrum sharing of radar and communication has becoming a challenging problem. In this paper, we proposed a joint beamforming model for MIMO radar and multiuser MIMO communication sharing spectrum and transmit array. In our model, the transmit array transmits the weighed sums of orthogonal radar waveforms and communication symbols. An optimization problem is formulated to design the weighing coefficients to optimize the performance of MIMO radar transmit beamforming, under the constraints that the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at each communication user is higher than a given threshold. Although the proposed optimization problem is not convex, we prove that the problem can be converted to a convex one by zero-forcing the inter-user interference. The performance trade-off between radar and communication is shown in the simulation results.


There are many ways to situate Enlightenment and Romantic traditions in Continental educational history, not the least in German-speaking countries. Moreover, between the histories of Enlightenment and Romanticism, we have to add a third strand, which is normally considered as the "Classical" period of educational theorizing, connected to names like Humboldt, Herbart, Schleiermacher and sometimes Hegel (cf. for example, Klafki 1986). They are credited for having shaped the specific German tradition of "Bildungstheorie", a concept hardly possible to translate into English. Klaus Mollenhauer's works have been linked to all of them, depending on where one sees the key ingredients of his approach. I will not try to present a historical account of this background, but rather move on to a very personal approach to this issue's meaning for me in my educational biography. The very first book by Mollenhauer that I read was a small volume of collected essays, which was published in 1968, and titled Education and Emancipation. I was 16 or 17 then, a member of the State Student Board and later, its President. I had already had my fair share of Marxism and critical theory before by chance bumping into Mollenhauer's book. I bought it because of the title. I was desperately looking for theories that could tell us in the student movement how to shape education and schooling in a way that fostered the emancipation of the disadvantaged in society. The big theories were good at explaining why we were where we were, but they were unable to point to ways of how to bring about change. It is obvious in my copy of the book I stopped reading it closely after the introduction and the first chapter. Somehow, I must have been disappointed. Of course, the book carried the familiar references to critical theory from Adorno to Habermas, but it was definitely not a part of that movement. "Reason", the concept that Adorno and Horkheimer (1968) had so thoroughly deconstructed in their book on the dialectics of enlightenment, still seemed to play a prominent role in Mollenhauer's thinking. Moreover, he used concepts like "functionality", rather more typical for post-Parsonian thinking than for critical theory. Finally, this was mixed with elements of the "geisteswissenschaftliche Padagogik", which was considered stone dead at that time. Looking back, I would say that I did not trust any rational re-conceptualizing of enlightenment, which seemed to be at the core of the book, as an answer to the social struggles of the time. I was not able to understand and systematize all these relations then. But I simply felt that there was no clear answer in the book on how to emancipate the children of the working class – and no less was my final goal as student representative back then.


Neutron high resolution spectroscopic studies of biomolecular dynamics have been pursued actively in the last decade. They probe macromolecular thermal dynamics in a space-time window of about 1-10 A and 10-1000 ps, which is involved in biological activity, because this window corresponds to the motions of H-atoms bound to larger groups such as the amino acid side chains. As a result of advances in instrumentation and data analysis methods, it is nowadays possible to obtain quantitative information on the complex low frequency motions exhibited by biologically active systems. In the near future, the advent of new sources and the availability of dedicated instruments will make it possible to extend these studies from "pure" systems, like single proteins, towards more complex ones as protein-lipid and protein-DNA complexes, glyco-lipid systems, ribosomes and even whole cells. Some selected examples highlighting possible future research areas will be illustrated.


The present study is to assess the solar-energy extraction from the global Earth land, the continuation demands and the availability use in relation to human population growth in the world through the modeling of different scenarios. For the last few years, global energy becomes the most important commodity for the continuation the life on this Earth. This is due to the decreasing the non-renewable resources such as oil. According to our model, the human population growth in the world will be between 9.5 to 11.00 billion people living on this earth by year 2050 at the current trend of human population growth rate, and we may be facing with shortening of availability of energy. It is important to stress that the energy should be replenished through non-tradition energy supply, but we have to concentrate on the renewable energy, which we can develop to the extent of harvesting this energy in efficient ways. An example for the needs of energy from the land is to calculate how much the Earth can be supporting the human beings. For this regard, if each human being is required to live daily is in need for 2000 calories/per day on an average from the food. This means that the global Earth size has to produce about 15000 billion calories/day and 5475000 billion calories per year as the current estimate of human population of the earth (i.e. 7.5 billion people in year 2017). The question is the Earth can produce these calories to support 7.5 billion people, and we need more calories when the human population grows to be more than 9.5 billion people in the year 2050 in this Earth. This is only for the food that we are consuming and what about another required energy necessity for our continuation of life for production of other commodities that we are in need such as energy for fulling our cars, trucks and other factories. Therefore, solar engineering harvesting from the Earth should be important, and we have to think how we accomplish it. Additionally, we need to sustain our environment by conserving our water resources, and keeping our global climate environmentally in best condition to sustain the land economic and social standards. Further, in this paper, we are discussing the impacts of changing different parameters that affect global energy in this Earth, and what are the useful lessons that we can learn from it. Furthermore, we assess the availability of solarenergy and how to harvest and economic aspects of it. This will lead to sustainability of non-renewable resources such as oil.


The article presents a constructive scheme and the principle of operation of the cantilever grate of a saw gin installed in the housing by means of a rubber gasket consisting of two rubber elements having different stiffness. The results of the study show that when sawing raw cotton, the saws touch the working part of the chimneys, causing blockages, which leads to damage to the fiber, as well as a decrease in the overall quality of the fiber. In this case, the total stiffness was obtained with a nonlinear characteristic. A mathematical model and its solution by an approximate analytical method. A numerical solution of the problem constructed graphical dependencies and on the basis of their analysis, the necessary values were recommended.


Granular urea is known to be an agronomically inefficient source of N when surface-applied, with Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiencies (NUEs) of 20-40%. Two of the main reasons for this include volatilisation losses of ammonia, and poor distribution efficiency to individual plants (coverage). However, its relatively low cost, high N content (46%) and ease of spreading makes it popular with farmers. Recently, granular urea treated with the urease inhibitor nbpt (SustaiN®, N-Protect® and Green Urea®) has taken an increasing share of the NZ and to a lesser extent in Australia. My minimising ammonia volatilisation, nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUE) is improved 20-25% on average compared to granular urea. Much greater efficiencies again have been achieved since 2005 by fluidising urea (either onboard the spreading truck or separately). Increases in efficiency of up to a factor of 2 (200%) have been recorded, provided nbpt is added. However, the high costs of specialised equipment, maintenance and narrow spreading widths have greatly limited the uptake of this technology. In 2014 however, it was demonstrated that the same advantages in increased N efficiency could be achieved far more easily, practically and reliably, and with much improved spreading widths and much lower costs, using the new ONEsystem® technology. ONEsystem® involves the wetting of prilled urea with a solution of nbpt during the spreading operation. The initial equipment used for trials was a quad-bike tow-behind spreader fitted with water ranks to carry the nbpt solution and spray nozzles. While this system is adequate for share-milkers who follow the cows with N, it became more problematic to supply the system at a size more appropriate for large farms and spreading contractors. The existing fleet of NZ-built spreading trucks use chains or rubber belts to deliver product from the hopper to the spinning discs. While these systems work well for applying granular or semi-granular products at or above rates of 70 kg/ha, product delivery becomes highly variable at lower rates. This problem was eventually overcome by the development of new


It is developed a modular scheme of intelligent system for the diagnostics of technical state of the object, which is a highly specialized CAD. It is proposed a fuzzy model to predict the fracture processes of concrete and reinforced concrete structural elements. Using the data model of continuous control of the parameters of acoustic emission waves and expertise allows taking into account the dynamics of destruction under random loads and fields. Integration with the calculated set of universal CAD system allows: increase for proposed system the degree of automation and reliability of diagnosis at different periods of the life cycle of buildings, improve forecasting quality and increase the probability of timely measures to prevent the critical situations. Using the diagnosis data can significantly affect the choice of method for calculating the stressstrain state of the structures in the design.


The four-element cross array is consisted of four piezoelectric transducers arranged in the form of cross. Passive directing with cross array is a very useful method for acoustic target detecting. This paper presented the algorithm of acoustic passive directing with cross array based on time delay estimation, and accurate formula and approximate formula for calculating the target's direction were proposed. The extent of application for approximate formula was suggested through analyzing the approximate error. The paper provided a basis for choosing the appropriate size of four-element cross array in practical engineering application. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


Struts framework is one of the most popular frameworks for Web applications and developments nowadays.After introducing the architecture and the work procedures of Struts framework on basis of the MVC designing mode,a customer login system of an Electronic Commerce website combining with database connection pool was realized.