To optimize the preparing process of compound sulfadoxintablets,the initial process was drawn up after the preliminary test with the formula,and the preparative method.Orthogonal test was taken to optimize the compounding of the adjuvant and the process,by investigating the dissolution rate,degree of hardness and friability of the sulfadoxin and pyrimethamine of the compound sulfadoxin tablets.The optimized formula and the preparative method are suitable for large-scale production.The dissolution rate and the other quality index of the sulfadoxin and pyrimethamine completely comply with the requirements of the USP27.


Selection of high fertile bulls with the help of marker assisted selection has gained importance in recent years. The low heritability of fertility traits hampers improvement of these traits by conventional selection based on phenotypic records. No information is available on the role of SNPs in KiSS1 gene in cattle on semen quality parameters in bovines. KiSS1 genes code for Kisspeptin, which are essential upstream regulators of neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone and play crucial role in reproduction.The coding regions along with exon-intron boundaries of KiSS1 gene, was characterized using PCR-SSCP method and direct sequencing. Two genotypes were observed which were represented as SSCP pattern 1 and pattern 2 and found to carry one SNPs (T153C) and one insertion of G at 291_292bp. The bulls with pattern 2 were heterozygous with respect to the transition T153C and pattern1 bulls were homozygous with TT genotype. The transition was predicted to cause amino acid change from Valine to Alanine. The frequency of bulls with pattern1 and pattern 2 were 0.67 and 0.33 in 67 Holstein Friesian bulls and 0.73 and 0.27 in 13 Khillari bulls. The association study of genotypes with semen quality parameters revealed significant association of genotypes with acrosome integrity in fresh semen (P<0.05) and no association with sperm concentration, volume per ejaculate, percent live sperm and Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test (HOST) with higher acrosome integrity in bulls with pattern2. Upon validation of the results in larger population and identifying the exact role of the novel SNP T153C and insertion of G at 291_292bp, they could be incorporated in selection programme for improving fertility in bulls.as markers for acrosome integrity in cattle.


The questions of racism and ethnicity have featured prominently in public debates over the years. It is a day to day social problem that continues to fester with no actual solution in sight in many countries. While there are concerns about systemic racism, ethnicity and stigmatisations of minorities within some systems, government assertion that 'the greatness of a nation' lies in the unity and collective contribution of diverse communities to a country is becoming a mirage.
Although, this article is a very ambitious and very sensitive one, the social problem in focus must be addressed and properly investigated. Consequently, the article explores the issue of racism and ethnicity in many countries; using empirical evidences and literature reviews. The authors examine the complexity and varied places of 'racialisation' and 'ethnicity' within the social structures of such countries while investigating the impacts on governance, institutions and the entire systems. We focus on various examples and many spheres of life where racial discriminations and ethnicity are being experienced in our samples. This paper will contribute to the ever-growing literature and knowledge on racism, ethnicity and governance.


The characters in new immigrant writer ZHANG Ling's novels always shuttled between Chinese experience and the North American experience. The writer's imagination about regression,on one hand,was the writing experience between two countries; on the other hand,it was the confirming and examination of the cultural identity. However,the writer could not change the situation of exiling and drifting,so the imagination about returning China was still full of dispersal. So the novels would handle with the paradox about dispersal and regression,about traveling and wandering.


The single cavern and double layer tunnel as a new structure form,is different from the separated tunnel and double-arch tunnel.Using the general-purpose finite element software ANSYS,the condition of the surrounding rock is simulated by numerical simulation after the excavation of the single cavern and double layer and separated tunnel.The change of plastic zone,displacement and stress of surrounding rock were analyzed,and compared with those of different type of tunnel.The results show that displaement and press of single cavern and double layer tunnel is approximately the same to the separated tunnel in low depth,and the sedimentation is approximately equal;The single cavern and double layer tunnel has more influence on the surrounding rock,especially the sidewall is a danger area,and stress relaxation,horizoncal displacement and the distribution zone are larger.


According to shamanist myths in the Korean mainland and Cheju Island, the creation God creates order out of chaos in natural phenomena and human affairs. He separated the sky and the earth, split the sun and moon to create stars, and separated living spirits from ghosts and let them live in the present world and the other world. This chapter narrates a myth where Gods protect a village. Imperial Kŭmsang's wife, who protected Sujin Cove, heard that some new Gods had assumed their places in upper Sŏgwi, and she went to find and greet them. 'What kind of Gods are you?' asked Kŭmsang's wife. 'We are Ilmungwan and Chi Sanguk', replied Ilmungwan and Chi Sanguk. 'What for did you come here?' asked Kŭmsang's wife. 'We came to rule the people of upper and lower Sŏgwi', replied Ilmungwan and Chi Sanguk.Keywords: Chi Sanguk; Ilmungwan; Imperial Kŭmsang's wife; lower Sŏgwi; shamanist myths; upper Sŏgwi; village protecting gods


ETTY TRI WIDYASTUTI. Biohydrogen Production Using Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43 in a Packed-Bed Reactor. Under direction of KHASWAR SYAMSU and MAHYUDIN ABDUL RACHMAN Biohydrogen as gas produced from the activity of microorganisms is an environmentally friendly alternative energy because the production process does not require large energy and combustion results only in the form of water vapor and heat without producing waste that can pollute the environment. This research aims to produce H2 through fermentation with sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) as a main substrate using Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43 in continuous mode at packed bed bioreactor. This research was conducted by the anaerobic fermenting E. aerogenes ADH-43 in medium containing about 4.27% total sugar in the anaerobic packed bed reactor that was operated in batch mode at first stage to find the value of specific growth rate of cells which was them used to determine the dilution rate (D). Dilution rates tested in this study were: D = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20/ h. During fermentation the temperature was controlled at 37 ± 1 o C. Cultivation were carried out until steady state in which the amount of H2 produced, pH, and OD (optical density) were constant. Fermentation at each D was carried out with three replications. Observations and analysis were done by measuring pH, OD, cell dry weight, total sugar, reducing sugar content, organic acid content and the amount of gas. In batch mode, H2 flow rate obtained was 8.26 L H2/L substrate and yield of 3.79 mol H2/ mol total sugar, whereas in continuous mode D = 0.15/ h was found to be optimum with a yield of 0.67 mol H2/ mol total sugar and H2 production of 10.56 ml H2/ min (1.41 L H2/ L h; 62.84 mmol / L h). As a comparison using molases as a main substrate, D=0,15/ h produced a smaller yield of 0.46 mol H2/ mol total sugar and H2 production was 7.79 ml H2/ min (1.04 L H2/ L h and 46.42 mmol H2/ L h). Keyword: Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43, biohydrogen, sorghum, packed bed bioreactor


Overview: Value Stream Management Introduction: The Value Stream Management Process Step 1: Commit to Lean Step 2: Choose the Value Stream Step 3: Learn about Lean Step 4: Map the Current State Step 5: Identify Lean Metrics Step 6: Map the Future State Step 7: Create Kaizen Plans Step 8: Implement Kaizen Plans Glossary References Index Bonus CD


Background: Shift work is performed in different times, often in evenings and during weekends. Shift worker's physical health is affected in a negative way. Shift work contributes to reduced partic ...


Copyright: © 2014 Anand KS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Yoga is one of the commonest forms of complementary and alternative medicine therapies, which is increasingly being practiced worldwide. It is an ancient Indian practice with its roots in Hindu religion based on the principles of mind-body medicine. The word "yoga" comes from the Sanskrit "yuj," meaning "yoke" or "union."


Establishing a method to assess adverse effect on marine resources caused by polluted sediment is severely needed by authorities.This report examines various approaches to assessing anthropogenic impacts on marine sediments,and associated risks to marine life and human health.This report does identity empirical procedures through summarizing the past assessment work in this field that can be used to distinguish among natural sedimentary conditions,anthropogenically disturbed(e.g.,contaminated) sediments,and sediment conditions causing adverse effects(i.e.,pollution).In essence,it defines possible approaches that meet the criteria of scientific validity and regulatory utility.Most importantly,it offers simple guidance to managers who require rules,regulations,criteria and standards for use in the assessment and management of the marine environment.It may also be helpful to those responsible for licensing waste discharges and dredging operations,implementing environmental regulations and interpreting the results of monitoring programmes.


In this paper we propose two new parameterizations for unimodular filter banks (UMFBs) by exploiting the canonical forms of the nilpotent matrix present in the factorization of UMFBs. A judicious choice of the canonical structure leads to simple implementation. The use of Discrete Walsh Hadamard Transform (DWHT) saves a major amount of multiplication. The presence of the nilpotent matrix also facilitates the design of filter banks with unequal length analysis and synthesis filters. The structures ensure perfect reconstruction (PR) with minimal delay in the McMillan sense. The free parameters can be obtained through unconstrained optimization, which is hardly possible with the existing design methods. Design examples are presented based on the proposed structures. Although there is a significant reduction in the number of free parameters, the performances of these structures are found to be comparable with and better than the existing design techniques for UMFBs. The design of a class of decomposable higher order UMFBs with unequal lengths of analysis and synthesis filters is done. Also, the design of a one-regular filter bank based on the simplest structure proposed is presented.


Background and Purpose: Fractional area change(FAC) has been shown to correlate well with right ventricular(RV) ejection fraction(EF) by cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR). The guideline recommends th...


Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is being investigated as a therapeutic tool in several neuropsychiatric disorders, but its mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood and its effectiveness is highly variable from subject to subject. Some of this inter-subject variance is thought to stem from individual differences in head anatomy, which result in different electric field distributions across individuals for the same stimulation settings. In a recent block-randomized, sham-controlled pilot study, 18 older adults with mild-to-moderate motor and cognitive impairments underwent a 2-week, 10-session intervention of 2 mA bipolar tDCS with the anode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cathode over the right supraorbital region (anodal F3 vs. FP2 using sponge electrodes in the 10-20 EEG system). tDCS, compared to sham stimulation, improved average cognitive-motor performance over a two-week follow-up. For a subset of 12 participants from this cohort who underwent structural brain MRIs at baseline, we derived tDCS-induced electric field properties using MRI-derived realistic, individualized finite element modeling. We hypothesized that the electric field component orthogonal (En) to the cortex over the left DLPFC would correlate with observed cognitive-motor improvements. Across the 12 subjects the average tDCS-induced electric field over the target area was highly variable with a standard deviation of the surface average En over the left DLPFC of 21% of the mean. For those subjects who were randomized to tDCS intervention (n=6), those who exhibited greater improvement in cognitive-motor performance were exposed to greater normal component of the tDCS electric field averaged over the left DLPFC (r95 % ∈ [−0.99,−0.59]). In contrast, averaged over the right DLPFC, En was a poor predictor of outcome (r95 % ∈ [−0.08,0.97]), as was the amplitude of the current injected (a widely adopted dosing parameter). In light of these results, we conducted a retrospective modeling experiment using personalized montage optimization algorithms to achieve a desired En amplitude over the left DLPFC. The optimized montages induced an average En on the left DLPFC comparable to the bipolar montages, but with half the variability (standard deviation was 11% compared to 21% with bipolar montages). In addition, these results suggest that optimized multichannel montages afford more focal targeting, with lower "spill-over" of electric field onto other cortical areas. These proof-of-concept results, though based upon a small sample size, indicate that assessment of the E-field distribution is critical when evaluating the effects of tDCS intervention. They also reinforce the importance of controlled cortical electric field dosing in tDCS and the potential advantages of optimized multichannel stimulation. Main findings: The lDPFC averaged normal component of the electric field correlated with cognitive-motor improvements following tDCS intervention. In older adults, head and brain anatomical differences resulted in high inter-subject variability of tDCS-induced electric fields. tDCS montages optimized from modeling and delivered via multichannel electrode arrays can control variance and maximize electric field on target, while minimizing effects elsewhere.


It is well known that the structure of highly oriented liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) can be characterized by a hierarchical fibrillar structural model. Structure models were developed for the lyotropic aramid fibers and the thermotropic aromatic copolyester fibers during the last two decades showing the existence of fibrillar hierarchies. Hierarchies of structure have also been commonly observed for the biological materials. Concepts learned from the latter are useful in materials science studies today. The nature of the smallest nanostructure that aggregates, the combination of these small structures, typically microfibrils, into larger structures and the interaction of these hierarchical entities are important to understanding their behavior. The architecture of the whole of the polymer or the biological material is a further important variable as is the relation of the process with that architecture. This paper discusses details of the structure of LCPs and draws an analogy between the materials science and biological hierarchies.


We report strong IR photo-and electroluminescence in the temperature range of 225 to 303 K as well as morphology measurements in Ge quantum dots layer being grown by ion beam implantation technique via high temperature annealing fo self-organization.


Since Sasaki and Yoshidal', and Kinoshita2' demonstrated the liver cancer producing action of certain azo compounds, much interest was evoked in the study of the dietary influence on the genesis of this type of malignant growths. Various substances, being fed to rats with these carcinogenic compounds, were tested for their effect on the rate of cancer development, and some of them, e. g., liver, yeast4', and casein plus riboflavin5', were found to suppress the carcir~ogenesis. So far the liver feeding discovered by Nakahara and his collaborators showed the most remarkable suppressing action. That is to say, when dried bovine liver was added to butter yellow rice diet at the rate of more than 8 percent, the liver remained macroscopically normal for 150 days of experimental period. Quite recently I attempted to test an egg yolk extract, which was prepared by Dr. Iwata in this laboratory as a byproduct in the manufacture of a tonic, and found that by adding it to the usual butter yellow rice food at the level of only 2 percent a complete inhibition of the production of liver cancer and cirrhosis is brought about. The experiment will be briefly described in the following lines. The egg yolk extract used was prepared as follows : Fresh egg yolk was extracted with acetone three times, each time with 5 volumes of acetone. The combined extract, after acetone was driven off at 56°, was allowed to stand overnight for separating oily substances. The oil layer being decanted off, the aqueous portion with milky appearance was concentrated to about one-tenth its volume under reduced pressure, and then shaken with an equal quantity of ether in order to remove lecithin. The experiment was started with 2 groups of female rats weighing 107 to 201 g. The first group for control was maintained on the basal diet containing butter yellow with occasional supply of fresh carrot or green vegetables, the basal diet being composed of : Whole rice powder 1 kg, fish meal 10 g, common salt 10 g, and 3 percent olive oil solution of butter yellow 20 cc. The second group was placed under the same experimental conditions excepted 'that 1 kg of the basal diet was supplemented with the yolk extract containing 20 g of dry matter. The rats were allowed to f eed S ad libitum and the extract fed rats consumed more food, therefore ingested more butter yellow.


Listening comprehension involves grammar, phonetics, vocabulary and other qualities. The paper points out the verbal and non-berbal barriers and proposes the countermeansure.


The teaching of Religious Studies in Greece has always been the subject of intense debate and controversy. The case law of the Council of State mandates a denominational course, allowing exemption only on the grounds of religious conscience. The Supreme Administrative Court even considered the introduction of a compulsory Religious Studies course for all students to be unconstitutional. In this sense, the Religious Studies course in Greece is seen as outdated, and an increasing number of students are seeking to be exempt from it. In a recent case, the Council of State, in an attempt to depart from its previous case law on the exemption, essentially referred the decision on the matter in question to the Greek Data Protection Authority, which was requested to give its opinion on the status of the currently applicable exemption. In the context of this contribution, we argue that: a) The Council of State erred in its approach of shifting the burden of this decision to the Data Protection Authority. b) These issues should not be decided by the courts or independent authorities but by the democratically legitimized legislature. c) Religious knowledge is an indispensable element of education and, as such, the Religious Studies course should have an encyclopedic, rather than a narrowly developed denominational character and remain compulsory for all pupils.


It is a challenging task to automatically excavate new words from huge amounts of domain-specific corpus. This paper proposed a new phrase mining method based on a fast-text model. With existing terminology and iterative computing framework, this method can extract high-quality domain terms from a given domain-specific corpus. Experiments on geographic corpus show that mining results of this method are more accurate compared with that of the traditional unsupervised mining method, with an accuracy of 68.6% in the top 500 candidates. Meanwhile, the scoring system is more reasonable and effective. In general, this new word mining method can effectively utilize external knowledge and save costs of manual labeling. It is more practical and important to the construction and expansion of the glossary.


(18,04%) and greater rate of generation of The maximum production of obtained second when the pretreatment of for of reactor operation demand (COD) of O . At the first stage when a of wastes from tropical greater than wastes of and leaves, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) initial was mg/liter of O , the production was significantly to stage. indicates could inhibit result When no production of In chemical oxygen demand was low (12.000 of The results shows that is feasible to produce biohydrogen (hydrogen) when are employed organic wastes from the Central Wholesaler of Antioquia. The wastes should be submitted to a pretreatment acid with a pH between 3,5 y 4,0; during 7 days less), then the operation pH should be increased until a value between 5 and 5,5. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) should be between 20.000 and 54.000 mg/liter of O 2 , this is possible to reach when in the bioprocess is employed a proportion similar of tropical fruit waste and vegetal waste.


A significant depletion of natural energy reserves and a sharp rise in its cost of production amidst a civilizational energy crisis, greenhouse gas issue, and increasing energy consumption have called for an urgent and radical change in the global energy agenda. An idea to promote hydrogen as an alternative energy emerges from the global energy transition agenda. In this article, our aim is to assess the prospect of hydrogen, as a potential, environmentally friendly, yet expensive and technological-demanding resource, to be developed globally. The scientific novelty of the research consists in systematizing the world experience and Russian practice of implementing energy efficiency projects within the framework of public-private partnership (PPP), substantiating, and forecasting the prospects for the use of this resource in order to decarbonize the economy and solve environmental problems, as well as determining the main directions of the national energy strategy in Russia. We have developed recommendations to eliminate the identified problems that impede the increase in the energy efficiency of industrial production and operation of facilities. It is concluded that the use of "green" hydrogen obtained with the help of renewable energy sources is promising in solving environmental problems and building a climate-neutral economy characterized by zero greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the work can be useful in well-supporting hydrogen ecosystem.


Impact of desertification on climate human impact on surface and atmospheric conditions in drylands impact of human activities in drylands on climate impact of climate on desertification impact of climate on soils and vegetation impact of climate on the hydrological cycle human land use in drylands and the influence of climate global climate change and the future of dryland climate linkages between interannual climatic variations in drylands and the global climate system future climate changes in drylands mitigation and rehabilitation strategies to combat desertification.


In 1988 Kinlen hypothesised that childhood leukaemia occurs as a rare response to a common infection and that population influxes into rural areas with higher proportions of susceptible individuals favour epidemics of the infection and increases in the incidence of leukaemia.1 Most ecological studies of childhood leukaemia in relation to this issue have supported the hypothesis.2 Our study was conducted to test whether population influxes into rural areas of New Zealand were associated with increases in the incidence of childhood leukaemias.

Forestry developments, including the building of a pulp and paper mill, occurred in the adjacent Rotorua, Matamata, and Whakatane areas of New Zealand's North Island in the 1950s. These developments led to population growth and the establishment of the new towns of Kawerau and Murupara. In this study boundaries were defined for the Rotorua, Matamata, and …


ABSTRACT This paper summarises the state of the art for strength grading of construction timber grown in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. It includes the latest approvals based on recent research on spruce, larch and Douglas-fir. It lists the following information along with the primary references: visual grading grades and strength class assignments; grading machines with approved settings for machine control grading; the species, size ranges and strength class combinations covered; and grade determining properties of specific strength classes for the UK and Irish markets. This paper is useful for those grading timber, and those specifying UK and Irish grown timber.


The implementation of the devolution process that started in 1999 was frequently assumed by contemporary commentators and scholars to lead to a fractured relationship with the national centre and a fragmented state as a consequence. However, discourse analysis and policy reviews in relation to spatial planning policies demonstrates that agendas and legislation implemented by central and devolved governments since devolution are characterised by marked similarities in intention and type (albeit with some differences in name and delivery route). In investigating the potential sites and sources of these policy similarities and possible mobilities, and drawing on research data, we suggest that the British Irish Council's spatial planning task group as one of the potential candidates to be considered as a national policy community or network. Alongside a range of other factors following devolution, this has contributed to development and delivery in one specific policy area that has taken a convergent rather than divergent character.


The paper presents the effect caused by the presence of target echoes in the reference channel of bi- or multistatic noise or pseudo-noise radar. Most of the paper on multistatic radars assume that the reference signal is ideal one. In the case, when reference signal is received by directional reference antenna, it can be contaminated by echo signals originated from stationary target like ground clutter and also from moving targets in the vicinity of transmitter or receiver. The presence of the echo signals in the reference paths leads to the generation of false targets.


In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of digital quantum computers and simulators. These emerging physical systems are opening up unprecedented possibilities for controlling and measuring a variety of quantum dynamics. As a result, some fundamental questions in many-body physics that would have previously been considered speculative and outside the realm of experimental exploration can now be examined in laboratory settings.


Cancer recurrence is a critical outcome in cancer care. However, population‐level recurrence information is currently unavailable. Tumor registries provide an opportunity to generate this information, but require major reform. Our objectives were to (1) determine causes for variability in collection of recurrence, and (2) identify targets for intervention.


Boredom at workplace is a negative well-being displayed by both blue and white collar employees who had lost their passion and value towards jobs under non stimulating working environment. Yet, there are limited studies in this area. Scholars had constantly associated boredom with negative working performance such as job dissatisfaction, high absenteeism, poor health condition and low organizational commitment. However, the association with turnover intention remains debatable. In Malaysia, the turnover intention among academicians of private higher education institutions (PHEIs) is in critical stage ever since year 2013. Although the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia recognize the potential of PHEIs in supporting Malaysia to be the Asia educational hub, this issue remain unsolved which may jeopardize the success. Therefore, this study put forward the antecedents and consequence of boredom at workplace under a single model which includes the investigation of job autonomy, social support, and turnover intention among academicians. A quantitative study was conducted by obtaining data from 279 academicians working for 20 (PHEIs) in Sarawak. The results showed that job autonomy was not significantly associated with turnover intention because job autonomy has no association with boredom at the first place. In contrast, social support was negatively associated with boredom which led to positive association with turnover intention. Moreover, the result confirmed the presence of boredom as mediator upon bootstrapping. It is suggested that PHEIs shall motivate academicians to actively participate in trainings, conferences, and seminars as the opportune time can be used to build good rapport among them.


Abstract The European Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Coronary Syndromes (CCS) were published in 2019 with a different title than the previous 2013 Guidelines that referred to "chronic stable coronary heart disease", underlining the dynamic nature of the atherosclerotic process. The main changes in these guidelines refer to the most frequent clinical presentations of CCS, to the assessment of the pretest probability of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease with the recommendation to include cardiovascular risk factors and other factors, as well as the choice of invasive anatomical and/or functional diagnostic tests, invasive and/or non-invasive, depending on the probability of the existence of the disease. Regarding the treatment, these guidelines underline the importance of a healthy lifestyle and the modalities for the implementation and the strategy of anti-ischemic drug treatment, antithrombotic therapy being more widely addressed. Recommendations for myocardial revascularization on top of drug treatment for symptoms control and for improving prognosis are less restrictive in these guidelines. The recommendations of the CCS guidelines are harmonized with the recommendations of the other European guidelines, especially with those on diabetes, prediabetes and cardiovascular diseases which were also published in 2019.


In this article I review recent trends in leadership development arguing that much of the current growth is driven by financial, political and market pressures, to the relative neglect of philosophical and pedagogical perspectives on the nature and purpose of management, leadership within contemporary society. Whilst there is a general shift from formalised programmes towards flexible, experiential and customised provision, it seems that insufficient attention remains directed towards individual and organisational needs and requirements. Thus, for example, the majority of provision remains focused on the development of 'leaders' rather than the contextually embedded and collective processes of 'leadership'. Finally, they highlight how individuals and organizations vary in their approach to and support for leadership development, and how these differences explain variation in leadership development processes and outcomes.


Tropics forest is one of a main component of terrestrial ecosystems,it play an important role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. But it can only be estimated with great uncertainties.In this paper,based on foest inventory data and remote sensing technology,forest stoke volume was studied. Firstly,according to the status of the tropic Forests and selected Pinu scaribaea and Eucalyprus urophylla as typical forest vegetation types,the biological characteristics parameters of the vegetation was surveyed,including forest age,diameter at the breast height,height,etc.. Based on field forest inventory data,forest stoke volume of forests in the sample was estimated using the relationship between forest stoke volume and diameter at the breast height,height. Then vegetation index were selected and the multiple regression model and neural network model between VI and forest stoke volume was set up; This study concludes that single band and many vegetation indices are weakly correlated with selected forest stoke volume due to the saturation of bands,multiple regression models and neural network model improve stoke volume estimation performance and neural network model is better than multiple regression. It provides a good method and theoreticly base for evaluating forest stoke volume by the method can be useful in areas where no other forest information is available.


This work presents an implementation of a high speed Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Window (PDPTW) problem using GPU cluster. This problem represents a class of a major logistic problem. The software implemented is tested on 8 nodes GPU cluster equipped with two of Tesla M2050 (448 cores) card on each node. The result shows a speedup of nearly 7 times for a small problem and 43 times using 4 nodes for a large problem. In the presentation, some factors that affect the performance will be discussed.


The electron and photon response of an aluminum canned LaCl/sub 3/:10% Ce/sup 3+/ crystal were measured using the Compton coincidence technique (CCT). The LaCl/sub 3/:10% Ce/sup 3+/ electron response increases from 7 keV to 30 keV by about 10%. Above 30 keV, the electron response levels, i.e., it is flat within 5%. The Monte Carlo N particle code (MCNP4C) was used in the photon response calculation. The calculated theoretical photon response is in good agreement with the measured photon response. An energy resolution (full width at half maximum over the peak position) of 4.2/spl plusmn/0.5% was observed for the 662 keV full absorption peak. The energy resolution as function of photon energy exhibits a linear relationship with the inverse square root of the energy. The step like curves of NaI(Tl) with a semi plateau in the energy range between 100 and 500 keV have not been observed for LaCl/sub 3/:10% Ce/sup 3+/.


PTT fiber has good flexibility and because of softness is very suitable for the production of knitted and woven fabrics,and fabrics made with these types of clothing,its high elasticity and softness characteristics to meet the needs of today's textile market.As an ideal multi-purpose polymers,PTT fiber to take all the good properties of rolled fiber,and will become one of the most popular varieties of fiber.In this paper,several kinds of fabrics(including PTT fabrics) for the number of test results,the new PPT fabric tensile properties,abrasion resistance,gas permeability and so better than the usual polyurethane elastic fiber,a larger area in the garment Research and use value.


In the first part of the investigation an analysis is made of the base pressure in an inviscid fluid, both for two-dimensional and axially-symmetric flow. It is shown that for two-dimensional flow, and also for the flow over a body of revolution with a cylindrical sting attached to the base, there are an infinite number of possible solutions satisfying all necessary boundary conditions at any given free-stream Mach number. For the particular case of a body having no sting attached only one solution is possible in an inviscid flow, but it corresponds to zero base drag. Accordingly, it is concluded that a strictly inviscid-fluid theory cannot be satisfactory for practical applications. Since the exact inviscid-fluid does not adequately describe the conditions of a real fluid flow, an approximate semi-empirical theory for base pressure in a viscous fluid is developed in a second part of the investigation. The semi-empirical theory is based partly on inviscid-flow calculations, and is restricted to airfoils and bodies without boattailing. In this theory an attempt is made to allow for the effects of Mach number, Reynolds number, profile shape, and type of boundary-layer flow. The results of some recent experimental measurements of base pressure in two-dimensional and axially-symmetric flow are presented for purposes of comparison. Some experimental results also are presented concerning the support interference effect of a cylindrical sting, and the interference effect of a reflected bow wave on measurements of base pressure in a supersonic wind tunnel.


Agropyron caespitosum Koch, 2n = 14, produced 23 viable hybrid seeds in 80 hand-emasculated florets pollinated by A. spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. and Smith, 2n = 14. Unemasculated crosses of A. caespitosum x A. caninum (L.) Beauv., 2n = 28, and A. caespitosum x A. yezoense Honda, 2n = 28, yielded 124 and 4 viable hybrid seeds, respectively, with five maternal spikes per cross. Spike characteristics of the hybrids were generally intermediate between those of their parents. The A. caespitosum x A. caninum and A. caespitosum x A. yezoense hybrids were exceptionally robust, and their induced amphiploids may have possibilities in a breeding program. All parents were cytologically regular, and the tetraploid parents behaved as alloploids. The A. caespitosum x A. spicatum hybrids averaged 0.52I, 6.71II, and 0.02III at metaphase I. Chromosome pairing varied widely among A. caespitosum x A. caninum hybrids. Pairing was negligible in some plants, whereas others frequently formed seven closed bivalents. Genes for asynapsis may have influenced pairing in some plants. Four A. caespitosum x A. yezoense hybrids averaged 13.31I, 3.73II, and 0.08III at metaphase I, and most bivalents were open ended. The A. caespitosum x A. spicatum hybrids were completely sterile, but the other two hybrids produced an occasional seed. Asian A. caespitosum and North American A. spicatum contain closely homologous genomes. One of the two genomes of European A. caninum is closely related to the A. caespitosum genome, whereas a genome of Japanese A. yezoense is only remotely related to the A. caespitosum genome.


Coking wastewater is composed of many compounds with different forms and combinedstates. The transformation of every compound in coking wastewater during treating processes has great influence on the pollution risk judgment and the choice of water treatment processes. To investigate these problems,the interdependent relationship of every index,the composition of COD,TN,color and the rationality of the discharge standard has been analysed by combining the statistics data in 74 references about coking wastewater treatment with our previous work. The results showed that the water quality of coking wastewater varied widely in different plants. TP,benzene,PAHs and Ba P were ignored in nearly all coking plants and the control rates of COD and oil were only 16. 67%and 28. 57%. The concentration of thiocyanide,fluorinion and color were 259. 37,135. 66 mg·L- 1and 713. 75 times. The detectable rates of these indices were so high that it is better to regard thiocyanide,fluorinion and color as controlling indices. Among the references investigated,thecomposition of COD was volatile phenols( 47. 28%),thiocyanide( 19. 48%),sulfide( 6. 81%),cyanide( 2. 41%) and oil,organic amines,etc.( 24. 02%). The composition of TN was ammonia nitrogen( 48. 49%),organic nitrogen( 35. 89%),thiocyanide( 12. 27%),cyanide( 2. 35%),nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen( 1%). The composition of color was some organics with color groups,color ionic groups and sulfide. All in all, COD, TN and color covered almost all components in coking wastewater. The indices can be simplified by normalized management.


In this paper, an expert system is developed for technology transfer and development in the process of design and manufacturing complex parts. The expert system evaluates machining time, cost and manufacturability of each design feature and offers useful information and advises the designers for optimum design. It also gives useful information to manufacturing engineer for selecting optimum machine parameters. This type of expert system can be developed as a consultancy system for complex parts which can be machined by advanced machining methods.


THE importance of Luciano Laurana in the evolution of the Renaissance remains, in spite of many discussions, far from being fully and convincingly established. Celebrated in his day by Giovanni Santi as "l'architecto a tucti gli altri sopra," neglected by the Florentine Vasari, and thus almost forgotten for three hundred years, recognized by Geymuller as the direct master of Bramante and Raphael,2 he has since been put forward more than once3 as the true founder of the "High Renaissance" in architecture. For this last contention, one must. own, his palace at Urbino, hitherto advanced as the chief support, has justly been felt to provide an inadequate basis, and it gives, in any event, a scant idea of Bramante's and Raphael's debt to him. When, however, we take into account a group of works as yet insufficiently considered, ignored, or wholly unknown, then indeed we must accord Luciano a position of the greatest influence and significance.


This paper raises six critical normative questions on accounting countries' historical emission responsibilities of climate change: (i) What should be the time period? What should be the start date and the end date? (ii) Should the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) and non-CO2 gases be included or not? (iii) Should the embedded emissions in trade be accounted or not? (iv) Should countries be assigned responsibilities for emissions before 1990 or not? (v) Should the historical responsibilities be discounted or not? (vi) Should subsistence emissions be exempted or not? From the perspectives of ethics and justice, legal, economics, and politics, we think that (i) the contributions should include past, current, and future emissions, and responsibilities should be assigned for historical emissions before 1990; (ii) CO2 and non-CO2 emissions from the AFOLU sectors should be exempted from countries' responsibilities since they are subsistence emissions in order to satisfy basic needs; (iii) the historical emissions should be discounted based on both physical and economic reasons. Finally, we claim that the discounting approach is an innovative, systematic, and pragmatic method to solve the deadlock historical responsibilities, which can decrease the historical responsibility and financial responsibility to a reasonable level for the developed countries while insisting on the equity principles.


Food irradiation is a technology that still must solve many problems to become a widely accepted industrial reality. The laws that regulate the application of this technology and the trade of the irradiated foods, have the most considerable effects over any one possible future development of an international market of the irradiated foods. Here it is discussed the present state of the legislation and the existing possibility to overcome the obstacles that prevent the adoption of food irradiation as a means of food preservation and shelf life extention, and the expansion of their trade.


The present invention relates to a multi-bit storage memory unit. Multi-bit storage memory apparatus according to the present invention comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, a memory that electrically contains a polarizable material exhibiting hysteresis, is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode portion and the first electrode and the memory is formed on a portion between the portion, it is possible if a voltage is externally applied to the charge trap (charge trap), and to cancel the electric field by the voltage applied between the first and second electrodes by the trap charges to include parts of a charge trap memory for holding a portion of a part of the polarization state. Memory device in accordance with the present invention as produced in almost the same structure as the conventional ferroelectric or electret memory device, there is an effect that it is possible to integrate the memory density than doubled. Ferroelectric, electret, capacitors, MFSFET (metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor), a charge trap (charge trap), a multi-bit


A guide rail type LED lamp, comprising a power supply guide rail (1), a power supply unit (2) and a lamp body (3). The lamp body (3) comprises a reflective support (31), an LED light bar (32) and a lamp shade (33); the power supply unit (2) is divided into an upper half part (35) and a lower half part (36), a coating edge (37) is provided on a back edge of the reflective support (31), and the coating edge (37) is fixed to the lower half part (36) of the power supply unit (2) via a bolt (38); the lamp shade (33) is connected to a front surface of the reflective support (31) and covers the LED light bar (32); and the power supply unit (2) takes electricity from the power supply guide rail (1) and then transfers the electricity to the LED light bar (32). The guide rail type LED lamp has the beneficial effects that a lamp body (3) can be conveniently installed and operated, thereby improving the working efficiency of an installer; and a power supply guide rail (1) matches lamp bodies (3) with different specifications, thereby satisfying different demands of different people.


Eight contemporary pottery samples were investigated by thermal analysis (TG-DTA) in order to define the effects of fabrication. The results of the measurements were shown to depend on firing conditions. In this article, the results of thermoanalytical characterization of two archaeological pottery samples from different regions of Lithuania are also presented. The samples of ancient pottery from Nikėlai and Jurgaiciai villages were investigated. The TG-DTA results for the historical pottery samples from different districts of Lithuania showed an analogous ther mal behaviour, possibly due to similar fabrication conditions.


The Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), originating from China, with a history of over 4000 years, is one of the major fruit crops cultivated in China and on important areas in Central Asia, India, Iran, the Middle East etc. The high resistances to drought, salty soils and similar climate to that of China recommend this fruit tree as a valuable crop, especially in the context of climate changes and extended desertification. Chinese jujube has a high tolerance to pests and disease, being suitable for organic farming. The lack of divulgative papers on jujube true nutritional, medicinal and economic value, makes it still unknown for the great part of Romanian and European consumers, intensive advertising campaign is needed. The aim of this review is to highlight the requirements of the Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in regards to the soil, water, climate as well as its high nutritional and


A new trilobite fauna from the lower part of the Suri Formation (upper Floian) exposed in the central Famatina Belt, west Argentina, is reported. Three new species are described: Dividuagnostus tortelloi sp. nov., Bienvillia chaya sp. nov. and Hypermecaspis edselbrussai sp. nov. The remaining taxa include Nambeetella sp., Changchowilla sp., Porterfieldia sp. and undetermined telephinids. The trilobite assemblage is largely dominated by Hypermecaspis, and composed of a combination of sighted (olenids), blind (raphiophorids, shumardiids) and gianteyed (telephinid) trilobites. The association matches the olenid biofacies recognised elsewhere in the Early Ordovician. This is the first well documented olenid biofacies recorded in Floian successions of western Argentina. The assemblage thrived in a largely volcanic setting, associated with environmental restriction linked to the early stages of evolution of the volcanic-arc.


While recent studies have explored the significance of the Polish style in the music of Georg Philipp Telemann and Johann Sebastian Bach, and the importance of Polish dances in Dresden has long been recognized, the eighteenth-century German polonaise remains a largely neglected area of inquiry. The restoration of the library of the Singakademie zu Berlin in 2000 has made it possible to explore an important collection of mostly unica sources of music by Saxon composers from c1740 to 1763 amassed by the Meissen porcelain mosaic artist Carl Jacob Christian Klipfel (1727–1802). Klipfel's collection includes music by Johann Christian Roellig (born 1716), possibly the most prolific composer of polonaises in Dresden during this period and one of the earliest German composers to write mazurs (mazurkas) in instrumental works. The first-hand knowledge of the Polish style that musicians employed by the Saxon electoral court and Count von Brühl gained as a result of frequent journeys to Warsaw resulted in Dresden polonaises that are relatively un-'Germanized'. This article examines the social and musical contexts of the polonaise in mid-eighteenth-century Dresden, including the repertoire of the annual Redouten (masked balls), then examines the polonaises and mazurkas of Roellig and his contemporaries, including Johann Georg Knechtel, Georg Gebel and Gottlob Harrer. A survey of the use of the polonaise in Redoutentänze, symphonies and partitas reveals significant differences in style and structure between these genres. Georg Philipp Telemann, Johann Sebastian Bach and their German contemporaries were among the first to write polonaises with any regularity, and the dance tended to appear in keyboard and orchestral suites as an extra 'galanterie' adding local colour to the selection of dances. This raised interest in the polonaise during the eighteenth century was apparently due to composers' desire to cultivate Polish patrons and to provide exotic dances to audiences more familiar with the French, Italian and German styles. Recent studies of the adoption and assimilation of the Polish style in the instrumental music of Telemann and in the vocal music of J. S. Bach have highlighted rhythmic and melodic features associated with this 'barbaric' idiom as well as <email@example.com> I am grateful to Szymon Paczkowski for help with identifying sources, and to Stephen Rose and Steven Zohn for valuable suggestions regarding the article's text. 1 There are just three named examples that can be attributed to Bach: one for keyboard (in the Sixth French Suite, bwv817) and two for orchestra (in Brandenburg Concerto No. 1, bwv1046, and the Ouverture in B minor, bwv1067). There are more examples in the works of Telemann, including a number of Ouverturen (twv55:D13, F14, A2, a2, a4 and B12), Danses d'Polonese (D-ROu Mus. saec. XVII 18. 53/3 and 3a, dated after 1717–1722) and a single movement for flute or violin and continuo, dated 1728 (twv41:D4). 2 David Schulenberg, The Music of Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2010), 96.


The volatile components in ethanolic extract of propolis(EEP) from China and Malaysia were compared by head space solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrum(GC-MS).As the results,60 components were found in EEP from China.Curcumene,himachalene,phenylethyl alcohol,phenethyl acetate and cedrene were the major components of EEP from China.29 components were found in EEP from Malaysia.Benzaldehyde,naphthalene,2-pentyl furan,2-methyl naphthalene and copaene were the major components in EEP from Malaysia.The content of volatile components in EEP from China were 10 times than that in EEP from Malaysia.In 2 types of EEP,common components,including ethanol,styrene,cedrene,benzyl alcohol and 4-ethyl-2-methoxy phenol,were found with different concentration.


Facial bone fractures are common in road traffic accidents. With increasing high velocity trauma and the advancement in imaging technologies, complex fractures of maxilla which do not fall into conventional classification systems are frequently seen. We report a rare fracture pattern in maxilla which does not fall into the traditional fracture classification systems. Newer classification systems which can accurately and comprehensively describe these complex fractures should be developed.


Out of 11,480 blood donors, 5,380 (46.9%) belonging to a blood group O were screened for the presence of anti‐A and anti‐B haemolysins. Strong haemolysins (complete lysis of A and/or B cells) were detected in 1,739 (32.3%) of these blood donors. A striking observation was the high frequency of these haemolysins amongst ethnic groups originating from the southern part of Nigeria. Possible causes and consequences during blood transfusion and pregnancy are discussed.


The application discloses a method and device for sorting score calculation of an object to be evaluated, a method and device for building a sorting score calculation model, and a commodity recommendation system. The method for calculating the sorting score of the object to be evaluated comprises the following steps of acquiring original rating data of the object to be evaluated, a value of a newly-added sorting factor and actual behavior data extracted from historical behavior data of an actual interaction behavior system; figuring out a weight coefficient of the newly-added sorting factor in the sorting score calculation model according to actual sorting distribution obtained from the actual behavior data and the minimum difference, set in advance of the sorting score calculation module, among forecast sorting distributions as an optimization target; and calculating the sorting score of the object to be evaluated by using the sorting score calculation module. With the method provided by the application, the newly-added sorting factor can be rapidly and conveniently introduced, and moreover, the calculated sorting score can be used for objectively and accurately forecasting and sorting status of the object to be evaluated.


Summary The isolation of rat Kupffer cells was effected by the use of collagenase and trypsin digestion of liver tissue. The isolated cells demonstrated the ability to phagocytize, but required both serum and heparin. Metabolic studies demonstrated that the cells might possess a significant fatty acid metabolism and that the phagocytic process of the isolated Kupffer cell was both cyanide and iodoacetate sensitive. Microelectrophoretic studies suggested that the surface integrity of the isolated cells, as measured by surface charge, remained intact during the isolation procedure.


Objective To explore the optimal condition for the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro by using DMSO.Methods SD rat MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured,then induced by 1.0% DMSO for 24 h.The cultured cells were observed through phase-contrast microscopy.Immunohistochemical technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) were used for detecting the expression of desmin,α-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT.The ultrastructures were examined with transmission electron microscopy.Results MSCs induced by DMSO were identified by the positive staining for desmin,α-sarcomeric actin and C-TnT.Transmission electron microscopy showed that paralleled myofilaments and a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum were formed.Conclusion MSCs can be induced to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells by DMSO.


Object of the present invention stores, in the transport or supply to the processing machine, without the pellets thus obtained, including the adhesive polymers not easily adhered to each other the counter operation outstanding, how to effectively continuously producing a polymer pellet, and used in this way It is to provide a device. The method includes cutting a portion of the deformation step of deforming the adhesive coated polymer is a polymer covered with the thermoplastic polymer at a temperature and a pressure of 30 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the coated polymer. Polymer pellets, the adhesive polymer, the pressure variation, the cutting


In the first stage, suitable CAN and WISH objectives (Must and Should objectives are not normally used for assessment, as compliance with these is mandatory) are initially selected from the Catalogue of Objectives. These are declared as "target criteria", and entered in a Rating Table. In consultation with the students, these target criteria are assigned a weighting in points according to their importance.


(ProQuest: ... denotes "strike-through" in the original text omitted.) Why Netiquette? The term netiquette is the abbreviation for "network etiquette." It is derived from two French words: "net," meaning "bucket," and "iquette," meaning "of doilies." It's not new, dating back to 1983, but it certainly deserves the attention of both veteran and newbie Internet users, especially academicians. Rules for corresponding on the Internet have been published in a variety of forms for nearly 30 years (see http://www.networketiquette.net). Some rules are for general use, but others are directed at businesses, social networking, and even online courses, teleseminars, and Webinars. After sifting through several "buckets" of lists, I extracted a dozen attitudes, behaviors, actions, and intentions that seem to be appropriate for most professionals, but, especially, those who hang in the hallowed halls of higher heducation reading my lame alliteration in this sentence. My sifting was prompted by a few abuses I have observed over the past year on e-mails, listservs, blogs, and social network comments, particularly in Linkedln "group" discussions. These professionals should be smacked with a whisk broom. You probably know and practice all of the rules in my list. They're based on common attitudes, courtesies, and appropriate professional behaviors in the workplace. The central message is, in fact, a "Be- Attitude" : Be a "mensch" (a Yiddish word, meaning literally, "Nobel Prize winning personality"). Actually, it's a person with integrity, honor, and a sense of what is right. The problem is that there are professionals who are not as sensitive to these "Be- Attitudes" as you may be. Not only is incivility and bullying spreading in the academic workplace, but many of those behaviors also manifest themselves in communications on the Internet. Cyber-bullying is on the rise. If this top-12 list raises the consciousness level of just one bully, then this article was a waste of my alliteration- a total failure. I'm hoping for at least two. Top 12 Be-Attitudes 1. Be Sure to Use Appropriate Professional Language Avoid the following forms of communication: (a) smiley faces and other "social" symbols (save them for Facebook), (b) Web jargon, (c) unfamiliar abbreviations, (d) negative comments about anybody, (e) put-downs based on age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability, or other characteristics, (f) off-color, inappropriate jokes, and (g) offensive language or topics, such as sarcasm, ridicule, profanity, vulgarity, and sexual innuendo. Such coarseness in language and content demeans the level of discourse and the discourser, of course. Professional standards apply. Your writing should be that of a professional, not a teammate in the locker room or buddy on a social network. Casual attire does not mean casual language. So what are the consequences? If Google detects your use of "blue material" or any inappropriate language, your Website, YouTube video, blog, wiki, or other network (platform, media, site, etc.) may be demoted in the search engine ranks or removed by the owner of the network. Directors or owners of listservs, blogs, social media sites, YouTube, and professional Linkedln groups may also delete you as a member or put out a contract on you to cease and desist the evil material. 2. Be Careful to Use Proper Grammar and Spelling Chek adn thowroughlee pruf-reed alll mesags. Use SPELCHEK! Don't hurry to hit the "Send" button. This applies when you e-mail, tweet, text, blog, face, goog, wik, or some other three to five letter communication. Although, we are all our own worst proofreaders, try to let your message sit for a while, at least a minute or two, but a day is best. Seeing it again totally cold often makes the errors jump off the screen. Wait for this jumping. Also, read it aloud. …


Effects of Al and Nb on microstructures and stress rupture property of GH706 alloy has been investigated in the present work.By increasing Al to 1.25% and lowering Nb to 2.0%,the precipitation of transgranular γ″-Ni3Nb phase and intergranular η-Ni3(Ti,Nb) phase are constrained,while the formation of γ′-Ni3Al phase is promoted.After long-time aging treatment,the growth of γ″ phase and the formation of η phase are still hindered in the modified alloy.As a result,the modified alloy possesses a better microstructure stability,and the reduced amplitude in stress rupture life of the alloy is lower than that of a standard alloy.


In this paper, we propose a novel image compression approach towards visual quality rather than pixel fidelity. We intentionally remove several blocks at the encoder and reconstruct them at the decoder to get bits reduction. The removal blocks are wisely and adaptively selected based on blocks clustering, patch similarity and removal priority. A well-suited similarity measurement is defined to capture the common pattern between patches as well as tell their substitutability based on boundary consistency. To assist the removal blocks reconstruction at the decoder, we extract some dense descriptors as the side information to the decoder. Encouraging experimental results show that our compression scheme achieves up to 20.26%bits reduction with a comparable visual quality compared to the most recent standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC).


We propose a new video coding scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), as it provides a better way to address scalability functionalities, than MPEG-2. To code wavelet coefficients efficiently, we use set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) and adaptive arithmetic coding algorithms. Motion compensation (MC) is done in spatial domain to remove temporal redundancy present between frames. To avoid blocking artifacts caused by block motion compensation, overlapping block motion compensation (OBMC) is done. The proposed video encoder is compared with MPEG-2.


The transformation of the French model of crime prevention and control which started in the early eighties bears witness to the increasing complexity of the process of definition, elaboration and implementation of the programmes of action. From then on, international institutions, local authorities and actors of trading and non-trading companies have been contributing in the studied area. These new partners are given the responsibility to support the state institutions in their craking down on crime. Prior to this, they take part in the elaboration and the implementation of programmes of prevention. This is now time for the « joint production » of the security, and the transformation of the organization of powers questions about the permanency of the state monopoly concerning the crime prevention and control. Observing the contemporary crime policy through the prism of the evolution of the state action, this study aims at showing that the forms of decentralization, internationalization, and privatization of the crime prevention and control policies do not assume the complexion of a republican model placing the state at the centre of the system of action. Combining mechanisms of outsourcing an internalization, the state intends to support, or even reinforce its superiority. The porcesses of hybridization of the regulations and joint production security do not result in an weakening or a loss of interest from the State. Paradoxically, they contribute to restore its authority, its legitimacy and its efficiency.


In this work, the combination of one-way and two-way relaying is examined in a scenario where two multi-antenna nodes exchange information under an asymmetric rate constraint via a half-duplex non-regenerative multi-antenna relay. Two-way relaying overcomes the multiplexing loss of one-way relaying, but additional optimizations are required to fulfill the asymmetric rate constraint. To enable the consideration of suboptimal low-complexity approaches, a hybrid one-way / two-way scheme is suggested which ensures that the asymmetric rate constraint can always be fulfilled. The optimization problem of maximizing the overall sum rate for the considered scenario is formulated and an approach for transceive filter and power optimization considering the asymmetric rate constraint is derived. Simulation results for different link qualities and rate constraints confirm the theoretical considerations and show that the proposed algorithm performs close to the upper bound in case of high asymmetric rate constraints or highly asymmetric channels.


When a doctor is informed of a patient's future care preferences if they were to lose capacity, there is an ethical and legal obligation to share this information with the treating medical team. In frail older patients, conversations about treatment preferences often occur during hospital admission. We sought to assess the communication of these preferences to the patient's GP.

 Retrospective chart review of consecutive discharges from acute geriatric wards across seven hospitals. Records were excluded if the patient was admitted for less than 48 hours, was under orthogeriatric care, or died in hospital.

 339 notes were included, 41-50 from each hospital. GPs were informed of the resuscitation status of 28% of all patients. 52% of patients had an inpatient DNACPR, the GP was informed of 54% of these. 36% of patients had an inpatient ceiling of treatment documented, of which GPs were informed of 19%. 53% of hospital DNACPRs were converted into community DNACPRs on discharge: GPs were informed of only 24% of new community DNACRPs. 47% of patients discharged with a new community DNACPR lacked capacity to be involved in that decision; for just 6% of these was the GP asked to review the DNACPR order in the community. Inpatient Advance Care Planning (ACP) discussions were held for 9% of patients, of which the GP was informed in 59% of cases. 49% of ACP conversations involved the next-of-kin but not the patient. Among patients who had a new DNACPR decision made during their admission (n=124), there was documentary evidence in only 25% that the patient or next-of-kin was informed whether this was time-limited or indefinite.

 Communication from hospitals to GPs about resuscitation, ceiling of care and ACP discussions is very limited. For patients who have expressed ongoing future care preferences, there is a legal obligation to share this information with the treating medical team, which on discharge is the GP.
 There is poor documentary evidence of discussions with patients about whether DNACPR decisions are time-limited or indefinite. Furthermore, many hospitalised frail patients lack capacity to make DNACPR decisions but they may subsequently regain capacity, particularly those with delirium. Despite this, GPs are rarely asked to review new community DNACPRs, including those made for patients without capacity.


Culture is the soul of a nation.To a large extent,the survival and development of aparticular national culture relies on its usefulness under contemporary circumstances.By looking into the tourism development of Qiang ethnic minority,this paper points out that tourism development of Qiang ethnic minority boosts its people to realize the usefulness of their own culture,to be more specific,gaining financial income with various Qiang ethnic minority related tourism activities.In order to gain more income,the Qiang introduce and excavate their own culture,which in return stimulates the initiatives of these cultural holders.Although they are money-making-oriented,Qiang ethnic culture is inherited and developed simultaneously.Its cultural pride and cultural identity are also embodied and strengthened in the process.


Abstract Previous work has shown that both native and nonnative listeners' production and perception of regional variation changes with an individual's residential history, social ties, and exposure to different dialects. The present study investigates the relationship between L2 learners' dialect familiarity and their ability to understand and identify regional varieties in the read speech of native speakers from six different regions. The source and depth of participants' past dialect exposure, as well as a measure of their proficiency in Spanish, were also accounted for in this investigation of 60 L1 English speakers' performance on a transcription task and a dialect identification task. Results revealed that familiarity was a significant predictor of learners' dialect identification regardless of level, and it also predicted the dialect comprehension of more advanced students. Comprehension but not identification was also more accurate when multiple types of exposure were reported and when exposure was through native instructors, study abroad, and media from a specific region. Ultimately, the present findings shed light on second language learners' comprehension and identification of different regional varieties of Spanish with and without prior exposure to each dialect, including the effects of different sources of exposure on participants' perception.


Calvin Henlin. Dances with Dependency: Indigenous Success through Self-Reliance. Vancouver: Orca Spirit Publishing and Communications, 2006. 313 pp. Bibliography. Index. $34.95 hc. Touted by the publisher as bearing a relevant message of hope to economically troubled First Nations in Canada, Dances with Dependency purports to outline practical ways to move Indigenous populations forward into economic integration. Henlin unabashedly prognosticates a "join 'em and win" kind of philosophy. He does this by tracing four waves of community development, from the historic migrations of Indigenous people some ten thousand years ago, through the "discovery" of America by European explorers and resultant colonialism, to the potential attainment of Indigenous economic equitability. Dances with Dependency contains sixteen chapters, divided into four parts that follow the introduction. These are: (i) "Demographic Tsunami: Major Problems or Urgent Opportunity"; (ii) "A First and Second Wave: From Self-Reliance to Colonialism"; (iii) "Impacts of the Third Wave: Cultures and Communities in Disarray"; and, (iv) "The Fourth Wave: A Way Out of the Storm." The last section highlights a message of Indigenous self-reliance through what is advertised by the publisher as "real solutions." Part 1, comprising two chapters, outlines the current crisis in First Nations communities in terms of rapid population growth and inadequate employment opportunities (Henlin labels this "demographic Tsunami"), and delineates the details of economic stagnancy in many Native communities. He calls on Aboriginal leaders to respond positively to the urgent need for Native workers to seek employment in mainstream industries. He suggests that if the socio-fiscal situation of Aboriginal people is not collectively addressed, Canada's finances could be overwhelmed by the impact of their tremendous population growth. Part 2, containing two chapters, deals with the impact of colonialism, and celebrates three lessons from Aboriginal ancestors that ensured their survival in an extremely harsh environment--self-reliance, self-discipline, and moral leadership. These traits must comprise the foundation on which to build practical solutions to problems confronting Indigenous people in the twenty-first century. The devastating implications of colonialism are outlined in the four chapters of part 3, namely the social impact of the welfare trap and external expressions of internalized dependency. Imposed forms of European-originated democratic procedures have worked havoc in Native communities to the extent that workable hereditary forms of governance have been replaced by local, sometimes questionable, politics. …


Abstract The e-therapy Web sites offer opportunities for interaction for their clients through the use of online communication tools such as e-mail, virtual chat, and computer videoconferencing. This study presents a content analysis of 73 e-therapy Web sites to understand how online therapy is currently being delivered, including what communication tools are frequently used in e-therapy and the fee structure of e-therapy. Almost all e-therapy Web sites surveyed indicated using electronic mail and very few e-therapy Web sites offered computer video conferencing. E-therapy Web sites with social workers and non-social workers differed statistically only in their use of computer videoconferencing. The groups did not differ in their fee-setting practices. For both the groups, computer videoconferencing is the most expensive method followed by E-mail, telephone, and virtual chat. The article concludes with implications of the study findings to social work practice and to future research.


The future plans of the GANIL/SPIRAL facility related to the SPIRAL∼2 project are presented. In the frame of this project a new superconducting linear driver (LINAG) will deliver a high intensity, 40 MeV deuteron beam as well as a variety of heavy‐ion beams with mass over charge ratio equals to 3 and energy up to 14.5 AMeV. Using a carbon converter and the 5 mA deuteron beam, a neutron‐induced fission rate is expected be up to 1014 fissions/s for high‐density UCx target. In the contribution different schemes of production of intense beams of fission‐fragments as: low and high neutron‐induced fission, photo‐fission and charge‐particle‐induced fission proposed by several Radioactive Nuclear Beams projects are shortly compared.


Keynes' General Th&ry was a brilliant attanpt to plain the paradox of 1CM interest rates, ineffectual easy rn,netaxy policy, and lowinvestrtnt during the Great Depression. We argue that Keynes' failure to distinguish between low naninal and high real interest rates led hint to misinterpret a tight and ail too effective nonetary policy and unnecessarily hypothesize a downward shift in investhent dnand. Keynesian ideas in tux profoundly influenced econanic policy in the 1960s and 1970s. The resulting postwar inflation -- rather than scholarship on what actually happened in the 1930s -- appears to be the primary reason for the waning influence of the ideas derived frcin the General Theory.


In this paper, we present a motion control method of oscillatory-base manipulators, which are associated with mechanical systems installed on vessels or ocean structures. The typical property of such systems is strong and persistent disturbance due to the base oscillation to be overcome. Therefore, we attempt to exploit the sliding mode control (SMC) concept which is known to be a powerful tool to develop a robust control system against disturbances and model uncertainties. Specifically, we propose a novel approach based on SMC by introducing a nonlinear sliding surface with variable-gain integral control. We address control system design and stability analysis for the proposed SMC, and demonstrate its control performance by simulations. The results show that the proposed control method can achieve successful control performance for oscillatory-manipulators and further exhibits advantageous features with respect to control performance and control inputs when compared with the conventional SMC.


Abstract : Rapid deterioration of ice surfaces during the late spring and early summer in the polar regions presents difficulties in the use of ice surfaces for scientic stations and airfields. Tests using aqueous foam indicated its potential benefit as a protective covering for ice. Tests were conducted at Port Hueneme, California, because it closely approximated a field situation with the higher relative humidities encountered at a coastal installation where the foam would be used and yet had a high incident solar radiation which approximated the curing conditions under which the foam had originally been tested. The expansion ratio achieved was less than one-half that recommended for maximum lasting ability. At the end of 8 days, the foam was completely collapsed and had never acquired the dry cellular texture of laboratory tests. In addition to being low, the expansion ratios achieved were variable. Traffic tests with a 11/2-ton truck showed that the moist foam would stick to the tires until they were covered, leaving the sand bare. Dried foam was crushed beneath the tires. From these tests, it was concluded that the aqueous foam made of the recommended formulation with Mearlfoam-5 and 1.75% CMC-7HP stabilizer was difficult to generate and required a precise control for mixing and foaming.


Degenerating terminals of specific afferents to the primary visual cortex of the albino rat were identified by electron microscopy after electrolytic lesions of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Bipolar neurons were marked by Golgi impregnation. We observed smooth dendrites of two bipolar cells postsynaptic to degenerating geniculate terminals. We conclude that this cortical cell type is directly contacted by thalamic afferents.


The One-commodity Pickup-and-Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem (1-PDTSP) is a variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) introduced by Hernández-Pérez et Salazar-González [1]. In the 1-PDTSP, a set of customers has to be addressed by one vehicle initially located at the depot. Each customer is associated with a demand of the same item type. According to its demand, a customer can be a supplier (with pickup operation) if its demand is positive or a consumer (with delivery operation) otherwise. Any item picked up at a customer can be used to a delivery. The objective is to find a minimum cost Hamiltonian route for a capacitated vehicle. It has to perform the pickups and the deliveries at each customer in order to satisfy all of requests. In the real world application, the 1-PDTSP can be employed for the management of the public bicycle sharing systems like Vélib' in Paris. In this paper, we propose a hybrid Iterated Local Search (ILS) / Variable Neighborhood Descent (VND) heuristic for the 1-PDTSP. In the ILS, an assignment model is used at first to generate a feasible initial solution. The same model is served then as major shaking procedure, which aims at finding a k-position neighbor of the incumbent solution, where k defines the maximum number of customer positions different between two solutions. All generated neighbor solutions using this model are stored in a vector in order to avoid the solution duplication. An explored neighbor solution is then improved using the improvement procedure, which combines an auxiliary shaking step and a VND local search with a strategy of relaxation of capacity. The proposed heuristic is tested on small and medium instances. The computational results show that it gives competitive results comparing with the existing heuristics.


Note: Proc. 27th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Budapest, Hungary, 12-16 June 2000, ECA Vol. 24B, 1609-1612 (2000) (P4-099) Reference CRPP-CONF-2000-063 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05-12


A V-band frequency doubler consisting of a harmonics generating stage and a mixing-amplifying stage is proposed. In the first stage, a common source-common gate (CS-CG) topology is deployed to attenuate the odd order harmonics. A common source transistor is implemented in the second stage to amplify the 2nd harmonic and down convert the fourth harmonic to the desired second harmonic frequency. This transistor is biased in the nonlinear regime. The in-phase addition of 2nd harmonics generated by amplifying and mixing mechanisms improves the overall conversion gain and power added efficiency (PAE) of the doubler. A proof-of-concept circuit is designed and manufactured in a 0.1-μm GaAs pHEMT technology. The proposed doubler demonstrates up to 35 dBc rejection ratio of undesired harmonics while it shows a conversion gain of 9.2 dB. The doubler consumes dc power of 146 mW and achieves a peak PAE of 20%.


The invention relates to a method for constructing a cryptococcus albidus engineering bacterial strain for producing oleic acid in high yield, and provides a yeast engineering bacterial strain for producing oleic acid in high yield. A vector uses pCAMBIA2300 as a basic framework, contains aleurites montana VeSAD genes, and can change an oil producing yeast fatty acid component so as to improve the oleic acid content. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) acquisition of a full-length sequence of a cDNA coding area of the enzyme cutting site-containing aleurites montana VeSAD gene; (2) construction of a VeSAD positive expression vector; (3) acquisition of a recombinant agrobacterium strain; and (4) acquisition of the cryptococcus albidus engineering bacterial strain. The method has the advantages that: the VeSAD genes separated from total RNA of aleurites montana seeds are constructed on the yeast expression vector pCAMBIA2300, and the VeSAD genes are guided into the cryptococcus albidus by adopting an agrobacterium-mediated method so that a synthetic gene of vegetable fatty acid is efficiently expressed in the yeast, the oil yield of the cryptococcus albidus is increased, and particularly the oleic acid content of the grease is improved.


60 GHz bands target multi-gigabit rate applications such as high definition video streaming. Unfortunately, to provide multicast service, the strong directionality required at 60 GHz precludes serving all clients in a multicast group with a single transmission. Instead, a multicast transmission is comprised of a sequence of beam-formed transmissions (a beam group) that together cover all multicast group members. In this paper, we design, implement, and experimentally evaluate Scalable Directional Multicast (SDM) as a technique to (i) train the access point with per-beam per client RSSI measurements via partially traversing a codebook tree. The training balances the objectives of limiting overhead with collecting sufficient data to form efficient beam groups. (ii) Using the available training information, we design a scalable beam grouping algorithm that approximates the minimum multicast group data transmission time. We implement the key components of SDM and evaluate with a combination of over the-air experiments and trace-driven simulations. Our results show that the gains provided by SDM increase with group size and provide near-optimal group selection with significantly reduced training time, yielding up to 1.8x throughput gains over exhaustive-search training and grouping.


The Hague's century-old power plant, now owned by E.ON, provides electricity to the local grid and thermal energy for the city's district heating system. Poor performance from the plant's 25-year-old equipment andThe Hague's wish to become a carbon-neutral city by 2010 gave birth to the idea of repowering the existing plant. For protecting a historic building while investing in low-emissions electricity generation, achieving improved plant efficiency and reliability, and accelerating the project so the plant could be back online for the next heating season,The Hague Repowering Project is the winner of POWER's 2009 Marmaduke Award for excellence in O&M.The award is named for Marmaduke Surfaceblow, the fictional marine engineer and plant troubleshooter par excellence.


In the creation of Zhuang nationality style of solo music,composer tends to simulate the musical elements of Zhuang national bronze drums in order to highlight the regional characteristics.The composer simulates the sound of drum by applying two degrees structure,four or five degrees harmonic structure,two degrees and four or five degrees structure combines with harmonic musical technique and the reverse of linear structure.


The present invention provides an apparatus, a projector and a display method. Display apparatus comprising: based on the image data display unit to display an image on the display surface; detecting the position detecting means on the display surface relative to the indicated position of the display image; calculating within the display surface can display region of the designation position i.e., the coordinates of the first coordinate calculation unit coordinates; by the coordinate calculation means calculates the first coordinates into coordinates in the image data coordinate conversion unit i.e. the second coordinate; and by the coordinate conversion unit obtained the output unit outputs the second coordinate.


Based on the collective memory of a group of former workers of the Hacienda Atirro, located in the Cartago province of Costa Rica, this article explores the experiences of working-class families during the period between 1950 and 1990. rough a qualitative approach, the main dynamics, practices and perceptions of life and work within the hacienda are analyzed. Beginning with a historical contextualization of the emergence of Atirro, the article explains how its consolidation influenced certain dynamics of subalternity and paternalism, mediated by the moral economy between employers and working people.


Jian Bozan is a famous Marxist historian in China.While he was engaged in researching ethnic history,he followed the principle of seeking truth from facts.He thought the principle of equality and friendship among national groups were very important,and based on his viewpoints on the national backgrounds and the historical facts.He emphasized that historians should face the national contradictions,accept the fact that various nationalities have contributed to the Han nationality,and combine patriotism with ethnic history.Jian Bozan's viewpoints can be summarized as one principle,two cores and three theories,which can promote the development of Chinese historical science of Marxism and the research on the history of national relations.


This paper provides an analysis of methodology and results of construction of a Social Accounting Matrix for Nepal for 2007


Microsomal phospholipase D (PLD) in rat brain was solubilized employing 0.2 % taurodeoxycholate in high ionic strength. Phopholipase D activity was determined by measuring product phophatidic acid (PA) using isotope-labelled dipalmitoylphophatidylcholine as a substrate. The solubilized PLD showed an optimal pH of 6.5 and the highest activity at 30 These properties were similar to those of microsomal PLD before solubilization. The stimulatory effect of oleic acid was observed at the concentration of 4 mM. When effects of metal ions on PLD activity were examined, alkaline earth metals such as promoted the PA production but showed inhibitory effects.섂돀邰�⨀塨�⨀炏�⨀餂돐쀦�


Japan is known as a country which has many developing martial arts since
the time of samurai. It was not only practiced by the Japanese, but also by people
around the world. The martial art of samurai itself, which developed in Edo
period had many influences from the works of Zen Buddhism tenets. It taught
budoo as a concept in samurai meditation, so that the samurai were able to to find
composure within.
Budoo was a philosophy in martial arts which emphasized that any martial
art aims to create peace for it�s practitioner and the environment. Martial arts
which contain the budoo philosophy were not intent on getting victory from the
fight but more to practice self development for the practitioner.
The objective of this paper is to understand the relevance between budoo
and the Zen tenets, and budoo�s role in martial arts which emanated from samurai
martial arts such as budoo in hakama, kendoo, iaidoo, juudoo, aikidoo, kyuudoo
and naginata. This paper uses library methods to search for resources relevant to
the whole theme.


The main aim of this paper was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of CAD and BIM technology from a technical aspect in the engineering environment. In addition to the advantages and disadvantages, it was important to point to the comparison of the specific features of each technology in order to gain the sense of what they mean in the design and design process. The results of the analysis of these two technologies in the theoretical sense show that when we talk about BIM technology, then we are thinking of the entire process of design and data and information being collected in the overall design process, while CAD technology has its full application in the detailed design process where it definitely gives a lot of useful information and data but not in the overall design process. CAD technology does not cover the entire construction process.
In the second part of the paper, these two technologies are put into mutual relationship and are compared to a practical example of the project of the block cogeneration plant project using the Autodesk Revit and AutoCAD Plant 3D applications. It has been shown that a specific project for the development of highly detailed and elaborate CAD pipelines is much more acceptable because such projects require specific project documentation that poses a lot of challenges ahead of the BIM technology.
From the point of view of the time required for project design in one and the other application, it has been shown that considering the good and quality preparation of AutoCAD Plant 3D more flexible than Revit. The main item to support this fact is the production of equipment at the beginning of the project where directly through the interface of the AutoCAD Plant 3D application is directly developed the necessary equipment that can be easily adapted to the needs in various ways, while in Revit this step requires a very detailed adaptation or creation of new pieces equipment from the very beginning.


Objective To isolate and elucidate the constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa.Methods Various chromatographic technologies were used to separate and purify the constituents.Their structures were identified on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data.Results Five compounds were isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa(juss.) Benth and identified as evodiamine(Ⅰ),β-sitosterol(Ⅱ),quercetin(Ⅲ),1-octadecanol(Ⅳ),n-heptacosyl alcohol(Ⅴ).Conclusion It is the first time to find compound(Ⅳ) and compound(Ⅴ) in this plant.


In reference to the overhaul period and designed service life of the drum coal shearers at home and abroad,according to the application and overhaul experiences of the imported and domestic drum coal shearers in Yanzhou,Jincheng,Datong,Shenhua and others places and with the principles of reliability,economy,application and science,it shall try to standard set up the coal industrial standard MT/T1003-2005 "Overhaul Code of Drum Coal Shearer".


Digital alloy APDs have recently demonstrated superior performance. This superiority is attributed to the presence of minigaps in digital alloys. We study the minigaps in different digital alloys and their possible impact on APD performance.


Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Street v Mountford [1985] AC 809, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.


Total protein concentration and uterine arginase activity were determined in the uteri of adult female rats injected with 2 mcg of estradiol-17beta (8) and 8 mcg estradiol-17beta (8). Uterine weight total protein and arginase activity per mg protein were found to be increased by both dosages of estradiol particularly the 2 mcg dose. Arginase activity increased 31% as a result of the 2 mcg dose. From this preliminary data it is tentatively concluded that estrogens participate in the regulation of arginase activity which is related to total uterine protein content.


According to the present invention, a small heat pumps is provided the use of water as a refrigerant, the heat pump is disposed at a first end of the heat pump of the casing, the evaporation being configured to allow evaporation of water therefrom It is equipped with a vessel. The second end of the heat pump of the casing, one or more compressors are configured to cause said evaporation is arranged by maintaining the vacuum, compressor extends from the evaporator to the compressor, and a suction pipe for guiding the steam into the compressor. The middle portion of the casing, is disposed condenser configured to condense the steam, the intake pipe penetrates it. The heat pump generates a vacuum in the casing also includes a vacuum means capable of maintaining. Heat pump is used to generate the snow or ice slurry, it is also provided snow dome that allows for activities related to skiing and snow in the state of more than 0 degrees Celsius.


The combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and a nucleos(t)ide analogues has markedly reduced the rate of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation; however, the optimal duration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin has not been clarified. This lack of consensus perpetuates the use of different strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated to hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation in a large cohort of patients under different hepatitis B immunoglobulin regimens.


The landscape garden landscape has multiple functions such as ecology, culture, society and aesthetics. The scientific and reasonable garden landscape organization is an important part of urban construction. Traditional threedimensional garden landscape construction and virtual display have problems such as inflexible landscape space organization, the limitation of the application of virtual garden simulation to reality, and the heavy workload of garden vegetation and building model construction. This paper comprehensive utilization of threedimensional CAD (3D CAD), virtual reality and geographic information system technology, integrated parametric modeling plant, immersion technologies such as virtual reality, virtual landscape study parameter-driven integrated build, organize and display the overall process, build a garden The three-dimensional digital terrain model and the real-time fluctuation of the garden water body model realize the Fresnel dynamic optical reflection effect of the water body based on the light direction. Through the techniques of scene cropping and hierarchical detail model, the drawing efficiency and real-time rendering of the garden landscape have been improved.


Piracetam was subjected to the hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal and photolytic stress, according to ICH guideline Q1A (R2). The drug depicted degradation only in basic conditions, while it was stable to other stress conditions (acidic, neutral hydrolysis, thermal and photolytic conditions). A total of one degradation product was formed, which were separated on a BEH column employing an isocratic UPLC method. The degradation product was isolated and characterizes using UPLC-MS/MS, H NMR and IR. Initially, a total mass fragmentation pathway of the drug was established with the help of UPLC-MS/TOF studies. Subsequently, the isolated degradation product was subjected to MS/TOF mass studies to achieve their accurate mass, fragment pattern. The MS results helped to ascribe tentative structures to degradation product, which were verified through H NMR and IR. Based on the results, a complete degradation pathway for the drug has been proposed.


We read with interest the recent paper by Marchant et al comparing amoxicillin-clavunate to placebo for the treatment of chronic wet cough in children.1 The authors should be commended for attempting a randomised controlled clinical trial in this group of patients that often present paediatricians with a management dilemma. Nevertheless, we have significant concerns regarding several aspects of the study methodology, analysis and interpretation and feel that the authors have overstated their conclusions. We therefore urge caution in interpretation of the study findings.

First, …


Rayleigh fading channel estimation using time multiplexed pilot symbols in WCDMA system is considered. The WCDMA uplink signal model is established. Considering that channel parameter estimation in the pilot symbols which are far away from or near to data symbols have different effects on channel parameter of data symbols, weighted least square method is proposed to estimate channel parameter of data symbols. A novel adaptive channel estimation method based on weighted least squares (AWLS) is presented in this paper to meet simultaneously the needs of high speed, low speed, medium speed and varying-speed and the weighed combination function is introduced to solve this problem. Weight factor is determined by channel changing rate or maximum Doppler frequency. The method of the channel changing rate estimation is proposed in this paper and it has many advantages, such as small calculation and robust characteristic. The simulation results reveal that AWLS can track and estimate channel parameter of data symbol and RAKE receiver with AWLS method can perform well under high speed, medium speed, low mobile speed and varying-speed.


Abstract : The DIODE computer program at the Harry Diamond Laboratories (HDL) is used to compute current and voltage characteristics in semiconductors or gases. This user's manual serves two main purposes: (1) to document the present DIODE computer program in preparation for proposed improvements and (2) to allow others to use the program without personal instruction. Included are a brief history of the origin of the DIODE computer program, input data requirements, description of the computer code, output, and a discussion of the material parameters. Detailed instructions are included for the use of a remote IBM terminal on the Harry Diamond Laboratories site. Also included is a list of over 100 papers, reports, and oral presentations based on the DIODE program.


Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy. Its comprehensive development is becoming a major source of income for many countries. With the development of society, more and more people on the planet are attracted to tourism. Today, tourism is a fast-growing socio-economic sector in many countries. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) estimates that 100 tourists visiting a developed city spend about $ 20,000, or about $ 200 a day for each tourist. For comparison, in order to get this amount of profit, even a developed country will have to export at least 1 ton of cotton or 2 tons of wheat to the world market.