Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common public health problems which cannot be cured and ultimately leads to disability. Current management is largely limited to the treatment of the symptoms. To avoid the late stages of KOA that lead to knee replacement, the key point is to control and reduce destructive processes using efficient pharmacological products combined with physiotherapy (PT). Herein, we perform a monocentric observational study to compare the effect of combining a multi-modal physiotherapy regime and intra-articular (IA) injection with hyaluronic acid (HA) on the non-surgical treatment of KOA. Patients with mild KOA were randomly assigned to two groups to receive an HA injection with PT or an HA injection only. The assessment tools for pain, clinical disease severity, and disability were the total score on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) (scores range from 0 to 96, with higher scores indicating worse pain, function, and stiffness), knee range of motion (ROM), pain on the visual analog scale (VAS), and muscle strength testing (MST). All tests were evaluated every 3 months up to 1 year from the baseline. The study enrolled 52 patients with ages between 47 and 61 years who were divided into two groups. Thirty-seven (n = 37) patients were randomized in the pilot group (PG) and received IA injections with the viscoelastic hyaluronic acid product (HA) combined with a multi-modal PT regime. The PT program included 10 sessions of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, low-level laser therapy, ultrasound, physical exercise, and cryotherapy. Fifteen patients (n = 15) from the control group (CG) received the IA HA injections only. All patients were confirmed with mild KOA of Kellgren–Lawrence grade 2 on radiographs at the beginning of the treatment. The baseline characteristics, including the severity of pain and level of disability, were similar in the two groups. At baseline, the mean (±SD) WOMAC scores reported were 64.6 ± 4.08 in the CG and 64.5 ± 2.99 in the PG. Notably, at only 3 months into the study, the mean scores were significantly improved to 56.7 ± 5 in the CG and 48.27 ± 2.13 in the PG (mean between-group difference = 16.19 points; 95% confidence interval), finding favor for the combination of HA injections and physiotherapy. At the study's endpoint (12 months), the scores were improved in both groups, with the mean between-group difference remaining significant (7.08 points, 95% confidence interval). A decrease in pain, as evaluated by the VAS scale, was reported for both groups, with the PG reporting a better VAS score that decreased from 5.7 to 2 when compared to the CG, which decreased from 5.7 to 3. The physical assessment parameters (ROM and MST) followed the same trend, with a rapid improvement in the ROM in the PG, changing from 98° to 115° in the first 3 months, and a slower and more steady evolution in the CG group, changing from 100° to 112° in 9 months. Herein, we report on the combination therapy of an intra-articularly administered HA viscoelastic product and a multi-modal physiotherapy regime, which can play a key role in the non-surgical treatment of KOA, effectively controlling pain, stiffness, and the ROM value and improving patients' quality of life.


Finding a good research topic is one of the most important and challenging tasks for researchers. Most papers submitted to well recognized journals are rejected owing to the lack of innovations in the studies. In this talk, the speaker will present the strategies for finding innovative e-learning research topics as well as the criteria of publishing a quality paper. In addition, several authentic examples will be given to demonstrate how the value of an e-learning study can be promoted. About the speaker: Dr. Gwo-Jen Hwang is currently a Chair Professor at the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. He is also Dean of College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at the university. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science and Information Engineering from the National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan in 1991. His research interests include mobile and ubiquitous learning, flipped learning, digital game-based learning, and artificial intelligence in education. Since 2013, he is in charge of a national mobile learning promotion program in Taiwan to assist high school teachers to develop teaching plans using mobile technologies. Dr. Hwang has published more than 550 academic papers including more than 130 papers published in SSCI journals. He serves as an editorial board member and a reviewer for more than 30 academic journals of educational technology and e-learning. ~ All are welcome ~ For enquiries, please contact the Office of Research at 3917 8254


In this study, the composition and content of the fatty acids methyl esters of biodiesel fuel samples, which were prepared from rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil and waste frying oil, were analyzed. The oxidative stability of biodiesel was measured by Schaal Method and the low temperature fluidity of biodiesel was investigated. The technological parameters of biodiesel samples, such as peroxide value, acid value, TEP value, kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point and pour point, were also analyzed. The results showed that the higher content of the saturated fatty acidic methyl esters and the palm methyl ester in the fuel, the better the oxidative stability was; the higher the unsaturated methyl esters contents, the better the low temperature fluidity was; the high monounsaturated methyl esters contents improved both oxidative stability and low temperature fluidity of biodiesel.


Objective To study any change in the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in the skeletal muscles of mice with emphysema.Methods Twenty Kunming male mice were divided into a normal control group and an emphysema group (n =10 in each ).An emphysema model was established by passive cigarette smoking in 8 of the emphysema group mice.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic skeletal muscle cells.Im munohistochemical assays were used to determine the protein level of γ-GCS synthetase.Results The average optical density of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the skeletal muscles of the mice with emphysema compared with the normal controls,and their average γ-GCS synthetase levels were also significantly higher.Conclusions Apoptotic cells increase in skeletal muscle during emphysema,which may be caused by an oxidation/antioxidant imbalance mediated by γ-GCS synthetase.

Key words:
Emphysema; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase; Skeletal muscle


Large scale (19 arc sec/mm), deeply exposed photographs (26.5 mag/sq arc sec) of a sample of 12 QSO's over the redshift range, z = 0.158 to 0.528 have been obtained. Baked IIIa-F plates were used at the prime focus of the ESO 3.6-m telescope. The band pass was 5700–6900A. Logarithmic intensity contour maps and logarithmic image profiles were constructed from PDS microdensitometer scans. Seven of the 12 QSO's show extended (5–10 arc sec), asymmetric structure on the contour maps; while 9 of 12 QSO's show broader image profiles than stars of the same magnitude. The intensity contour maps provide two essential bits of information for follow-up spectroscopy: 1) a guide for locating the slit aperture and 2) a means of estimating integration times.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and pathology of Saprolegnia salmonis NJM 9851 and Saprolegnia parasitica NJM 9868, isolated from outbreaks of saprolegniosis, against the immature stages of five species of salmonids. The cumulative mortalities of the tested fish groups that were exposed to 2 ¥ 10 5 spore/L concentrations of S. salmonis NJM 9851 were 90% for brown trout, 93.3% for sockeye salmon and 100% for rainbow tout, masu salmon, and Japanese char. In contrast, all salmonid species exposed to 2 ¥ 10 5 spore/L concentrations of S. parasitica NJM 9868 experienced cumulative mortalities of 100%. The histopathological changes of the saprolegniosis lesions found in all sites of infection were loss of the epidermis, edema of the hypodermis and different degrees of degenerative changes in the underlying musculature. It is clear from our results that S. salmonis NJM 9851 and S. parasitica NJM 9868 are highly pathogenic species to five species of salmonid fishes


Abstract : This book originated at a small and informal workshop held in December of 1992 in Idyllwild, a relatively secluded resort village situated amid forests in the San Jacinto Mountains above Palm Springs in Southern California. Eighteen colleagues from a broad range of disciplines, including biophysics, electrophysiology, neuroanatomy, psychophysics, clinical studies, mathematics and computer vision, discussed 'Large Scale Models of the Brain,' that is, theories and models that cover a broad range of phenomena, including early and late vision, various memory systems, selective attention, and the neuronal code underlying figure-ground segregation and awareness (for a brief summary of this meeting, see Stevens 1993). The bias in the selection of the speakers toward researchers in the area of visual perception reflects both the academic background of one of the organizers as well as the (relative) more mature status of vision compared with other modalities. This should not be surprising given the emphasis we humans place on'seeing' for orienting ourselves, as well as the intense scrutiny visual processes have received due to their obvious usefullness in military, industrial, and robotic applications. JMD


Objective To investigate the impact of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ2 variation Pro12Ala on body adipose tissue content and distribution, insulin secretion and its action, as well as adult common metabolic disorders. Methods In 340 Chinese subjects, including 184 non diabetics and 156 type 2 diabetics, PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variation was detected by a mismatched downstream PCR primer with introducing a Bst U I restriction site in PPARγ Ala12 allele. Results (1)The frequencies of the Ala12 carrier (the subjects with the genotype of Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala) and the Ala12 allele in Chinese population were 0.04 and 0.02, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in Caucasians (Fisher two side exact test, P value was 0.005 and 0.006, respectively); (2)PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variation was associated with body adipose tissue content. The frequencies of the Ala12 carrier and the Ala12 allele were significantly higher in BMI≥25 subgroup than those in BMI25subgroup(Fisherexact test, P value was 0.034 and 0.025, respectively); (3)In non diabetic subjects, PPARγ2 Pro12Ala was associated with abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue content. The frequency of Ala12 carrier was significantly higher in subjects with higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue cross section area (SA) subgroup than that in lower SA subgroup (Fisher exact test, P=0.045). The SA level in Ala12 carrier subgroup was higher than that in non Ala12 carrier subgroup (P=0.006). Stepwise regression analysis showed that PPARγ2 Pro12Ala was an independent contributing factor for SA (P=0.012); (4)PPARγ2 Pro12Ala was not related to blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, and insulin secretion and its action in non diabetics. Moreover, this variation was not associated with diabetes. Conclusion PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variation is one of the contributing factors for the etiologically inter related adult common metabolic disorders. Its contribution is through the effect on the body adipose tissue, especially the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue depots.


Compreender o campo academico implica responsabilidades e produz resultado naquilo que e reconhecido como saber cientifico. Logo, este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a producao academica dos estudos que trabalham a politica e as relacoes publicas em conjunto. Para cumprir com este objetivo, foi realizada uma analise bibliometrica de abordagem quantitativa em 2.291 artigos e revisoes publicadas entre os anos de 1937 e 2019 em periodicos indexados na base de dados Scopus. Este esforco justifica-se, pois ainda que tecnicas e praticas de relacoes publicas existam ha milenios, o campo teorico ainda exige debates necessarios a fim diagnosticar os seus fundamentos e apontar caminhos para produzir material inovador que gere contribuicoes ao desenvolvimento da sociedade. O metodo aplicado envolveu a analise de citacoes, co-autoria e co-ocorrencia de palavras. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o numero de publicacoes segue uma tendencia crescente e demonstram amadurecimento no estudo dos temas em questao. Trabalhos que lidam com relacoes publicas e politica tratam de questoes multidisciplinares e nao se limitam a area da Comunicacao. Palavras-chave: Relacoes Publicas, Politica, Bibliometria, Scopus Abstract Life in society is a natural imperative as human beings are not supposed nor allowed to live in isolation from their pairs. Relations of power emerge once societies are constituted by constellations of interests. Public relations arises, thus, in the necessity of conciliating and promoting different interests among publics. Specifically, by dealing with politics, the public relations provide the logics and tools needed for a complex and uncertain environment. It also helps to turn the public opinion favourable to the accomplishment of different agents' goals. Although public relations techniques and practices have existed for millennia, the theoretical field still needs debates to diagnose and comprehend its foundations. Scholars also urge for more researches in order to suggest directions to produce innovative knowledge that effectively contributes to the development of society. The authors believe that public relations is the field of knowledge that when better understood and operationalized can promote it for its ability to deal with distinct interests among publics. In this sense, not only the (in)congruencescongruencies between public relations and politics have impacted agents doing politics, but also required a better comprehension and understanding about the state of the knowledge. Given this, the paper aims to answer the following research question: how scientific production that deals with public relations and politics in conjunction is characterised? Methodologically, the article takes the premise that the publication of academic papers is the most used and valued instrument by researchers who want to publicize the results of their investigations. It is also understood that it is the way for a specific field to lay its foundations and become both recognised and established among a community of scholars. To assess the academic production that deals both with politics and public relations, a quantitative approach was carried out in 2,291 articles and reviews published between 1937 and 2019 in journals indexed in the Scopus database, extending the analysis made by previous scientific reviews. The bibliometrics analysis encompassed the evaluation of citations, co-authorship and co-occurrence of words. Four stages of research were identified in the paper (1937-1982; 1983-1996; 1997-2004; 2005-up-to-date) and the results indicate that the number of publications follows a growing trend presenting maturity in the study of both themes conjoint. Broadly, researches deal with multidisciplinary issues and are not limited to the field of Communication, encompassing streams of research in the following areas: Humans Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Health, Natural and Medical Sciences. The most referenced papers deal with confidence and risk in democracies, network analysis, public opinion and media, and relationship management. It was also found a humanistic approach to organisations' management and a more pragmatist approach regarding the profession. The results also bring differences in comparison to previous researches that had established two schools of thought; the American pragmatist and the French critical schools. This article points to two schools of thinking regarding public relations and politics, which may be established in the United States and the United Kingdom. However, the paper does not claim that the effort presented is closed to new insights but asks for qualitative researches to have a deeper understanding of the quantitative analysis employed here. Keywords: Public Relations, Politics, Bibliometry, Scopus


Frication is not a common feature in characterizing vowels. However, Chinese dialects are known for having apical vowels. Additionally, there are fricative high vowels in a few dialects. This paper describes the phonetics and phonology of the vowels in the Rui'an Wu Chinese dialect, with an emphasis on vowel features distinguishing the high vowels. Rui'an has 12 monophthongs [i y ʉ e ø ɛ a ɿ ɔ o u ɯ]; and half of them [i y ʉ ɿ u ɯ] are high vowels. Formant data from 10 native speakers, 5 male and 5 female, were analyzed. And acoustic results reveal that [ɿ] is an apical vowel with significantly higher frication than other high vowels, whereas the difference in frication between [ʉ ɯ] and [y u] respectively is not confirmed. Rather, spectral difference plays a more important role in the distinction between labiodental high vowels [ʉ ɯ] and their plain rounded counterparts [y u].


Herein, a novel electrocatalysts of cobalt nanoparticles embedded in N, S co‐doped carbon matrix derived by in situ reducing Co9S8 are designed and prepared successfully through two‐calcination methods, and applied for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Due to the large surface area and pore volume, richness of defects existing the carbon nanotubes, interaction of S species and N species and special direction of electron transfers between Co and S ions, the earth‐abundant and low‐cost CoSMe‐0.5‐800 presents a highly efficient ORR activity and stability. The onset potential, half‐wave potential and limiting current density of CoSMe‐0.5‐800 are 0.95 V, 0.85 V, and 4.31 mA cm−2, which are higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.93 V, 0.83 V, 4.19 mA cm−2). More importantly, the interaction between N and S heteroatoms in system gets revealed, that S resources can help to improve the degree of N doping and raise the ratio of pyridinic N species working as the active site for ORR. With the increase of S resources, electrons that should have been transferred from cobalt to sulfur have moved in the opposite direction, which has a negative effect on ORR active performance. This work shows the potential to design advanced Co‐based N, S co‐doped catalysts with high electrochemical performance and low cost, which could be applied for fuel cells and other devices.


number of G and is denoted by p(G). Finding p(G) of an arbitrary graph is known to be NP-complete. In this paper, we deal with the power domination problem on honeycomb meshes. For a t-dimensional honeycomb mesh HMt, we show that p(HMt) = 2t/3. In particular, we present an O(t)-time algorithm as the placement scheme.


A case of mastocytosis is presented by the authors. The lesions appeared in early childhood with the typical appearance of urticaria pigmentosa. With the course of the years they changed becoming micropapular and assuming the appearance of the clinical picture described by Griffiths and Daneshbod as pseudoxantomatosis mastocytosis, although some clinical and histological aspects resembled the morphology and structure of the "nevus elasticus".


The Appellant compulsorily acquired a parcel of land that was occupied by the respondent pursuant to a statutory tenancy determinable at will. The respondent was a service company through which its sole director Dr. Angus provided gynaecological and obstetric services for which the tenant billed patients. The land was owned by Benandra Pty Ltd and Dr. Angus' wife was the sole director and shareholder of Benandra.


The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China is taken for an example to research demand discipline of air transportation for passengers in this paper. The discipline includes three parts: demand generation, distribution and flow. First of all, the key factors influencing demand generation are got with information entropy. A threshold is set to choose more important factors and weights of these factors are calculated at the same time. Contribution rate of a factor is definedto analyze the difference of the factors for different city. By comparing demand distribution with airports' throughput, we can analyze the demand flow. There are some conclusions. The factors have different contribution rate to different city for demand generation. Aircraft movement is the most important factor influencing demand flow. It provides more accurate basis for market positioning and developing, airport layout in a multi-airport system.


The absolute dissociative-electron-attachment cross section for ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ condensed on a Kr film is found to be about 20 times larger than that for gaseous ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. This large enhancement is attributed to a downward energy shift (\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.9 eV) of the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ${(}^{2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{\mathrm{u}}$) intermediate state due to electronic polarization of the neighboring Kr atoms. Based on the theory developed by O'Malley [Phys. Rev. 150, 14 (1966)] and 155, 59 (1967)], we have shown that this downward shift increases the dissociative attachment by a factor of about 21, through a reduction in the autoionization of the intermediate state.


cDNA of rat pepsinogen C (PGC) hybridizes to, among others, a 3.2-kb band in Southern blot analysis of BamHI-cleaved human genomic DNA. This property was employed to localize the human PGC gene. Use of flow-sorted human chromosomes and 12 human x mouse somatic cell hybrid lines demonstrated that the gene is located on chromosome 6.


At present, China's e-commerce network marketing model is rapidly emerging, and network platforms focusing on B2C marketing mode attract a substantial number of consumer groups. Among them, Jingdong, Taobao, Jumei, Mogu Street and other B2C network platforms quickly seize the mainstream consumer groups in their respective areas and gradually expand into industry giants in their respective fields. The ability to quickly recommend consumer goods is the main focus of various highly competitive e-commerce platforms. To this end, this study aims at the B2C consumer demand of personalized services, puts forward the application dimension of the recommendation system, and consequently provides a theoretical reference for the application of the personalized recommendation system in B2C e-commerce network platforms.


Objective To explore the effects of VVI single-chamber pacemakers on electrical-mechanical synchronization by pacing the right ventricular apex(RVA) or the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) 6 months follow-up in patients with bradycardia. Methods This study included 20 patients with atrial fibrillation concomitant with atrial-ventricular block and bradycardia, which were divided into 2 groups: RVA pacing group and RVOT pacing group. Patients were evaluated and compared for pacing parameters, QRS width, cardiac function, quality-of-life scores. Results At 6 months in comparison of RVOT and RVA implants, there was no significant difference in pacing threshold, R-wave sensing, or pacing lead impedance (P0.05). However, the QRS width shorted and the cardiac function or quality-of-life scores clearly increased in the RVOT group. Conclusion VVI single-chamber pacemakers pacing outflow tract were closely accordance with physiological pacing and enhanced electrical-mechanical synchronization, augmented cardiac function and improved prognostic.


NONLAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY: ARE RELAXANTS ALWAYS NECESSARY? The authors make the point that "lessons learned from general surgery have applicability to laparoscopic surgery as well."1 The first reference discussed in detail is a study by Tammisto and Olkkola,2 which concludes that "as anesthesia deepened, less intense block was required." In the context of volatile-based anesthesia, this is not surprising. However, I would like to draw attention to a quote from the same article2: "We conclude that there is a linear relationship between the end-tidal concentrations of enflurane and the degree of neuromuscular block ... However, due to huge interindividual variation, certain 'overdosing' of neuromuscular blocking drugs is necessary to guarantee adequate muscle relaxation of abdominal muscles during all stages of upper abdominal surgery." Depth of anesthesia therefore appears to be not 0.7 units (4.7 ± 0.4 vs 4.0 ± 0.4, respectively). Furthermore, a potential weakness of this protocol was its small sample size (n = 12 per group). The rating scale used is, at best, a surrogate marker. The study did not find any differences in patient outcome. In fact, to the best of our knowledge, no study has identified that maintaining deep neuromuscular blockade improves surgical outcome or reduces complication rates. We are not convinced that it is reasonable to generalize from a single study of limited sample size showing a weak difference in surrogate markers in lieu of clinically important differences in patient outcomes or incidence of adverse events. Indeed, the utter lack of important differences in clinical outcomes or incidence of adverse events in any of the cited studies is more consistent with the evidence showing no benefit. Regrettably, investigators keep asking the wrong questions. For example, we think it is rather pointless to compare clinical conditions for laparoscopy during deep neuromuscular block versus no block at all.8,9 Such protocols do not reflect the reality of routine anesthetic practice. To summarize our position, with the exception of the article by Martini et al.,4 we have not been able to identify any studies that compare operating conditions for laparoscopy performed under deep neuromuscular block versus moderate block maintained until the end of surgery. Thus, we stand by our statement that the relative benefits of a sustained deep neuromuscular block over a sustained moderate block for laparoscopy are as yet unproven. The available data suggest that there are no important clinical benefits. In our practice, where sugammadex is not available, if the surgeon says conditions are less than satisfactory, we then take action. We administer additional relaxant, opioid, hypnotic, change the ventilatory pattern, or some combination of these. Problem solved. None of the cited studies consider the possibility that the surgeon and the anesthesiologist might actually communicate during surgery to maintain optimal surgical conditions without overdosing the patient. Finally, de Boer et al. suggest that further studies regarding this question are required. We believe that a prerequisite for any additional research is identifying a clinical problem that needs to be addressed. We cannot countenance intentionally administering an overdose of rocuronium to research subjects undergoing laparoscopic surgery in hopes of solving a nonexistent problem.


Nowadays, Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most widely used techniques for diagnosing cardiac diseases. The system presents the methods to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, detect the QRS complex, and extract the morphological features and temporal features according to the different data. Firstly, the input ECG signal is often contaminated by noise. In order to extract useful information from the noisy ECG signals, the raw ECG signal has to be preprocessed. The baseline wandering is significant and can strongly affect ECG signal analysis. In the preprocessing stage, the input noisy ECG signal has been eliminated with the powerful high and low pass filters. Then, the extracted features from the ECG signals achieve using Discrete Wavelet Transform. The system classifies the heart beats types on the extracted features using Tree-based classification. Data are obtained from the records of the MIT-BIH database. The implementation of the approach is accomplished using Matlab 2016a programme software and the Experimental results for the system quality is measured the accuracy of the system.


Small automatically assessed programming assignments are an often used resource for learning programming. Creating sufficiently large amounts of such assignments is, however, time consuming. As a consequence, offering large quantities of practice assignments to students is not always possible. CrowdSorcerer is an embeddable open-source system that students and teachers alike can use for creating and evaluating small automatically assessed programming assignments. While creating programming assignments, the students also write simple input-output -tests, and are gently introduced to the basics of testing. Students can also evaluate the assignments of others and provide feedback on them, which exposes them to code written by others early in their education. In this article we both describe the CrowdSorcerer system and our experiences in using the system in a large undergraduate programming course. Moreover, we discuss the motivation for crowdsourcing course assignments and present some usage statistics.


A manual override mechanism is presented for a motor-driven linear actuator that allows the output rack and pinion of the actuator to be manually positioned. Once positioned, the output may be locked by a locking mechanism to prevent this output from translating to its quiescent position. When incorporated in a spring-return linear actuator, the manual override may be used to apply a preload on the spring before the driven device is connected. When the actuator is used to drive a valve or damper, the preload applies a positive closing force on the valve or damper in its zero position to ensure a tight closure of the valve or damper. The locking mechanism engages the gear train and opposes the closing force applied by the spring return of the actuator. To disengage the locking mechanism automatically, the motor applies a forward kick to the gear train. Manual disengagement is also provided.


• We have found that some daily files of our SCIAMACHY observations in input to the inversion system had been corrupted, resulting in less data in boreal winter and autumn. The linear regression with the air mass factor is not affected, but the new bias-corrected results do not further diverge from the surface results any more. The other results with SCIAMACHY remain qualitatively similar to the results previously shown.


For developing the new engineering materials such as structural materials and tribomaterials based on all plants-derived materials, we investigated the effect of processing sequence on the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the ternary biomass composites: 5mm cut hemp fiber (HF) filled polymer blend of plants-derived polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and polyamide 11 elastomer (PA11E) composites in the molten state. PA1010 and PA11E, which contain the polyether groups as soft segment, were made from plant-derived castor oil. The composition of the polymer blend of PA1010 and PA11E was fixed with 60/40 weight fraction. HF was surface-treated by two types of treatment: alkali treatment by NaOH solution and surface treatment by ureido silane coupling agent. The volume fraction of HF in the composites was fixed with 20vol.%. Five different processing sequences: (1) HF, PA1010 and PA11E were mixed simultaneously (Process A), (2) Re-mixing (second compounding) of the materials prepared by Process A (Process AR), (3) PA11...


Two friends, with a common passion for soap operas and gay divas, collide after the unexpected arrival of a new neighbor


This writing shows that work of film which signs and defines realities through separation and election of meaning network fitting to certain view has limited audiences' paradigm in defining their social realities; as if what given by film is a usual happening and should be a direction for the audiences to behave and act. The direction then is tightly attached with identification for differing between good and bad, wrong and right, friend and foe, us and them, even the most liked by the audiences is: sexual differentiation between man and woman. In this respect, to be a man or woman is presented as a different experience and cannot be the same in terms of behavior, action and role in whole life aspects. By this meaning construction, cultural hegemony starts. DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i4.912


The invention discloses a multifunctional automatic welding machine which comprises a frame and a welding gun, wherein a C-axis revolving body is arranged on a horizontal surface of the frame, a Y-axis sliding table is arranged above the C-axis revolving body, an X-axis sliding table is arranged above the Y-axis sliding table, and a workbench used for fixing a welding workpiece is arranged above the X-axis sliding table; an R-axis sliding table is arranged on a vertical surface of the frame, a Z-axis sliding table is arranged on the R-axis sliding table, a B-axis revolving body is arranged on the Z-axis sliding table, and the welding gun is arranged on the B-axis revolving body; a wire feeder used for feeding a welding wire to the welding gun is arranged on the Z-axis sliding table. A high-cost welding robot can be replaced by the welding machine, and the welding machine is better at complex and precise welding needs and has the advantages of wide welding application range and low equipment cost.


The thesis that some manual workers gradually develop a stable set of orientations which leads them to choose to work for small rather than large firms is tested against data from a study of small and large firm workers in the printing and electronics industries. Little support is found for the thesis and an alternative view is presented which suggests that the main reasons why some manual workers come to work in small firms are connected with their overall market situation, the employee selection practices of small and large firms' employers and position in the life cycle. It is also shown that workers' orientations may be more related to industrial subculture than factors associated with size of firm.


The importance of physically contiguous memory has increased in modern computing environments, including both low- and high-end systems. Existing physically contiguous memory allocators generally have critical limitations. For example, the most commonly adopted solution, the memory reservation technique, wastes a significant amount of memory space. Scatter/Gather direct memory access (DMA) and input-output memory management units (IOMMUs) avoid this problem by utilizing additional hardware for address space virtualization. However, additional hardware means an increase in costs and power consumption, which is especially disadvantageous for small systems and they do not provide real contiguous memory. Linux Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA) aims to provide both contiguous memory allocation and to maximize memory utilization based on page migration, but they suffer from unpredictably long latency and a high probability of allocation failure. Therefore, we introduce a new solution to this problem, the guaranteed contiguous memory allocator (GCMA). This guarantees efficient memory space utilization, short latency, and successful allocation. The GCMA uses a reservation scheme and increases memory utilization by sharing the memory with immediately discardable data. Our evaluation of a GCMA on a Raspberry Pi 2 finds a latency that is 15-130 times lower compared to a CMA, and a latency that is up to 10 times lower when taking a photo. Using a large working set in a memory-fragmented high-end system, the GCMA is able to produce a 2.27x speedup.


Prosthetics and orthotics is a field of health care and rehabilitation, which deals with external devices to the patients either to replace the missing body parts or to support the weakened body parts. The main purpose is to disseminate knowledge and awareness about prosthetic and orthotic science among professionals working in the field of health care and rehabilitation.This can increase patient prosthetic and orthotic care services across the world and well-being.an online search carried out to find out the various perspective of prosthetics and orthotics as follows definition, history, demography, and role of Prosthetist and orthotist in disability optimization. Early identification and appropriate prosthetic and orthotic intervention can bring hope and independency in the patient to lead a normal life.


We have performed interface-resolved direct numerical simulations of forced homogeneous-isotropic turbulence in a dilute suspension of spherical particles in the Reynolds number range $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}=115{-}140$ . The solid–fluid density ratio was set to $1.5$ , gravity was set to zero and two particle diameters were investigated corresponding to approximately $5$ and $11$ Kolmogorov lengths. Note that these particle sizes are clearly outside the range of validity of the point-particle approximation, as has been shown by Homann & Bec (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 651, 2010, pp. 81–91). At the present parameter points the global effect of the particles upon the fluid flow is weak. We observe that the dispersed phase exhibits clustering with moderate intensity. The tendency to cluster, which was quantified in terms of the standard deviation of Voronoï cell volumes, decreases with the particle diameter. We have analysed the relation between particle locations and the location of intense vortical flow structures. The results do not reveal any significant statistical correlation. Contrarily, we have detected a small but statistically significant preferential location of particles with respect to the 'sticky points' proposed by Goto & Vassilicos (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 100 (5), 2008, 054503), i.e. points where the fluid acceleration field is acting such as to increase the local particle concentration in one-way coupled point-particle models under Stokes drag. The presently found statistical correlation between the 'sticky points' and the particle locations further increases when focusing on regions with high local concentration. Our results suggest that small finite-size particles can be brought together along the expansive directions of the fluid acceleration field, as previously observed only for the simplest model for sub-Kolmogorov particles. We further discuss the effect of density ratio and collective particle motion upon the basic Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics.


Theory reasoning is an important technique for increasing t he efficiency of automated deduction systems. The knowledge from a given domai n (or theory) is made use of by applying efficient methods for reasoning in tha t domain. The general purposeforeground reasoner calls a special purpose background reasoner to handle problems from a certain theory. Theory reasoning is indispensable for automated deduction in real world domains. Efficient equality reasoning is essential, but most s pecifications of real world problems use other theories as well: algebraic theori es in mathematical problems and specifications of abstract data types in softwa re verification to name a few. Following the pioneering work of M. Stickel, theory reasoni ng methods have been described for various calculi; e.g., resolution [Stic kel, 1985; Policriti and Schwartz, 1995], path resolution [Murray and Rosenthal, 19 87b], the connection method [Petermann, 1992; Baumgartner and Petermann, 1998] , model elimination [Baumgartner, 1992], connection tableaux [Baumgartner et al., 1992; Furbach, 1994; Baumgartner, 1998], and the matrix method [Murray and Rosenthal, 1987a]. In this chapter, we describe how to combine background reaso ner with the ground, the free variable, and the universal formula versio ns of semantic tableaux. All results and methods can be adapted to other tableau versi ons for first-order logic: calculi with signed formulae, with different -rules, with methods for restricting the search space such as connectedness or orderin g r strictions, with lemma generation, etc. Difficulties can arise with adaptati ons to tableau calculi for other logics, in particular if the consequence relation is affected (e.g., nonmonotonic logics and linear logic); and care has to be taken i f theory links or theory connections have to be considered [Petermann, 1993; Baumgartner, 1998; Baumgartner and Petermann, 1998]. Background reasoners have been designed for various theori es, in particular for equality reasoning; an overview can be found in [Baumgar tner et al., 1992; Furbach, 1994; Baumgartner, 1998], for set theory in [Canto neet al., 1989]. Reasoning in single models, e.g. natural numbers, is discussed in [Bürckert, 1990].


The survival and growth of Siberian sturgeon in the post-larval stages, juvenile, growing and up to marketable size is of great importance both for sturgeon species conservation programs and for commercial purposes. Given the diversification of production systems there is a concern for continuous improvement of incubation technologies that allow the production of high-quality Siberian sturgeon larvae. Although larval growth of Siberian sturgeons can be considered more basic compared to other sturgeon species such as sterlet, there is a need to focus on optimizing larval feeding to maximize their survival, given that this phase of breeding technology has a considerable impact on economic profitability. The post-larval stage of Acipenser baerii is the most critical period in which significant losses are recorded and, as a result, special attention is paid to the applied technology. In this sense, the adaptation to the conditions of intensive growth in the recirculating system, as well as the optimization of the administered feeding regime led to the increase of survival rate to 73,50%. The average individual weight of Acipenser baerii at the beginning of exogenous feeding was between 0,0054 – 0,0069 g and the maximum weight at the end of the experimental period (after 30 days) was 1,05 – 1,20 g. Experiments on the intensive breeding and adaptation of Siberian sturgeon in the post-larval stage may be feasible, if adequate food and environmental conditions corresponding eco-physiological requirements are provided.


From March 1971 through February 1972 isolation attempts of Yersinia enterocolitica were made on 442 specimens, consisting of 292 feces from patients hospitalized with symptoms of suggestive dysentery, 22 from sporadic cases of diarrhea in children, 43 specimens of ileum resected from autopsy cases which exhibited pathological changes in their intestine, and 85 appendix vermiformis which had been excised. A simultaneous survey on the normal distribution of the bacterium in healthy persons was conducted on 30587 fecal samples from adults and 402 specimens from newborns. As a result of the survey, 12 strains of Y. enterocolitica were isolated; two strains from the ileum of two autopsy cases, five from excised appendix vermiformis, two from feces of hospitalized patients suspected of dysentery, and three from feces of sporadic cases of diarrhea in children. No strains of this bacterium were isolated from healthy adults and newborns. Major pathological findings of autopsy cases were conspicuous hemorrhagic necrosis and edema of the small intestine, limited to within 1 meter of the ileocecum. Biotype and serotype of 12 isolates were as follows; one isolate from an excised appendix vermiformis was biotype 2 and serotype 5B, while all of the remaining 11 were biotype 4 and serotype 3. These results suggested that strains of a specific biotype and serotype were likely to be playing a very important role in the development of this illness in man.


Residual stress is the one of three factors of environment sensitive cracking.there is a threshold stress for stress corrosion cracking,hydrogen induce cracking and corrosion fatigue cracking respectively.Residual stress can be measured,but can not be seen matronly,which existed and combined with working stress.To make failure of parts in industries.The relationship between residual stress with ESC was described,and the importance for maintain safe operation and safety evaluation in Engineering was pointed out.


This research was a cooperative study undertaken by the U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center (USCG R&D) and the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL). Eye performance data were collected from Coast Guard personnel performing as lookouts during simulated search and rescue missions on HH-3F helicopters, a 210- foot cutter, and an 82-foot cutter. Visual performance was measured by means of NAC Eye Mark Recorder Systems during the Winter 1981 Visual Detection Experiment, conducted by the USCG R&D Center in the Gulf of Mexico off of Panama City, Florida, in January and February 1981. The visual performance measures were analyzed to determine the scanning patterns utilized by the various lookouts.


This paper examines the institutional identity formation of contract research staff in the context of the Taylorisation of research knowledges. The author has been a contract researcher for many years, after initially training and practising as a Probation Officer. She makes links between her social work training, and her current practice as a qualitative researcher. Drawing on her experience of working on a variety of different projects, at a number of different institutions, and providing illustrative examples from projects in sociology, social policy, health, and education, she reflects on the implications of the current social organization of academic research both for professional research practice and for researcher identity. There is a paradox in the way that contract research staff accrue a wealth of experience of how research is organised and conducted in different contexts, a repertoire of skills, and a vast volume of various kinds of 'data', whilst remaining vulnerable and marginalized figures within the academy, with few opportunities for professional development and advancement. She outlines a number of strategies she has employed in the preservation of the 'research self', and concludes by suggesting that the academy has much to learn about the effective management of 'waste', as embodied by researchers' selves and their data, consequent upon the Taylorisation of research work.


Extraction of fresh and dried specimens of Catha edulis(khat) originating from Ethiopia, Kenya, and the Yemen, has led to the isolation of eleven new celastraceous alkaloids having molecular weight of ca. 600—ca. 1 200 and a sesquiterpene core. They fall into three groups: (a) cathedulins E2 and E1, esters of a pentahydroxydihydroagarofuran; (b) cathedulins K1 (Y1), K2, K6, and K15, esters of euonyminol a nonahydroxyagarofuran, containing one dilactone bridge; and (c) cathedulins E3(K11), E4, E5, E6, and K12, more complex esters of euonyminol containing two dilactone bridges.Apart from norpseudoephedrine (cathine) and the corresponding ketone (cathinone) and a related pyrazine, khat contains steroids and triterpenes including, in the root-bark, a range of triterpenoid quinonemethides characteristic of the Celastraceae.


PurposeA major challenge for mission planning of aircraft is to generate flight paths in highly dynamic environments. This paper presents a new approach for online flight path planning with flight time constraints for fixed-wing UAVs. The flight paths must take into account the kinematic restrictions of the vehicle and be collision-free with terrain, obstacles and no-fly areas. Moreover, the flight paths are subject to time constraints such as predetermined time of arrival at the target or arrival within a specified time interval.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed flight path planning algorithm is an evolution of the well-known RRT* algorithm. It uses three-dimensional Dubins paths to reflect the flight capabilities of the air vehicle. Requirements for the flight time are realized by skillfully concatenating two rapidly exploring random trees rooted in the start and target point, respectively.FindingsThe approach allows to consider static obstacles, obstacles which might pop up unexpectedly, as well as moving obstacles. Targets might be static or moving with constantly changing course. Even a change of the target during flight, a change of the target approach direction or a change of the requested time of arrival is included.Originality/valueThe capability of the flight path algorithm is demonstrated by simulation results. Response times of fractions of a second qualify the algorithm for real-time applications in highly dynamic scenarios.


In vitro dissolution testing is important for providing process control and quality assurance, determination of stability release characteristics of the product over time, and facilitating certain regulatory determinations (e.g., absence of effect of minor formulation changes or of change in manufacturing site on performance). In the past two decades, the dissolution test has also been widely discussed to serve as an indicator of how the formulation will perform in vivo (1–3).

Although basket and paddle methods are currently the most popular methods for many drug products, both methods are operated under closed finite sink condition and cannot mimic the conditions present in the digestive system. A flow-through method using the official USP 4 apparatus operated in open-loop mode is capable of maintaining a continuous flow of fresh dissolution medium, thus, maintaining infinite sink conditions (3–6). This operational mode provides an environment potentially closer to that of the digestive tract. Thus, this technique may offer advantages for establishing in vitro and in vivo correlations (IVIVCs).

To compare dissolution testing under finite and infinite sink conditions, this study applied both paddle and flow-through methods for dissolution testing with disintegrating prednisone and nondisintegrating salicylic acid tablets. The closed- and open-loop configurations of the flow-through method were used to provide comparisons with the paddle method.

In addition to studies based on the official USP dissolution apparatus, several authors have reported development of novel, multicompartment dissolution apparatus in their efforts to develop good IVIVCs (7–9; Hughes et al., private communication). The reported novel systems have potential to simulate in vivo condition such as gastric volume and pH, gastric emptying to the intestine, and intestinal volume and pH etc., which may give a good in vivo and in vitro correlation. However, these novel apparatus require special configurations or parts, which may be difficult to duplicate in other labs. This study applies the idea of a multicompartment dissolution apparatus but attempts to minimize modifications to the current official USP apparatus so as to facilitate adoption by other labs for application to their specific studies. In this study, the flow-through apparatus with open-loop configuration has been modified by adding a flow-through reservoir after the flow-through cell. This reservoir is maintained at intestinal pH. Disintegrating prednisone and nondisintegrating salicylic acid were used as test drugs.


«Auf Wiedersehen in Florenz!» Voci di ebrei tedeschi dall'Italia presents a new Italian perspective on German exile literature, which is related to the migration of German-Jewish intellectuals to Florence after 1933. A reconstruction of the historical context is provided by shedding light on the intersections between Italian, German and Jewish cultures in the Florentine context but also on the literary production of the involved authors. Migration writers such as Alice Berend, Rudolf Borchardt, Karl Wolfskehl and Walter Hasenclever are presented in relation to the process of writing in exile, whereas the works of Max Krell, Monika Mann, Otti Binswanger-Lilienthal and Georg Strauss are analyzed in the section devoted to post-exile.


Background: Surveys assessing alcohol use among physicians most commonly employed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or the AUDIT-C. As with other screeners, prevalence estimation is dependent on the accuracy of the test as well as choice of the cut-off value. The aim of the current study is to use samples from various countries derive more precise prevalence estimates of alcohol problems in physicians by correcting for false positive and false negative results using samples from various countries Method: At the Congress of the German Association of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2005 in Berlin, 1800 questionnaires, which included the AUDIT-C were distributed among the attending participants. 936 questionnaires (52%) were returned. Also, the data are compared to a second study, performed in Salzburg, Austria to further elucidate the situation. The screening results will be presented and compared to the values when using a correction- formula using data from a general population sample on sensitivity and specificity of the AUDIT-C. Results: Based on the results of AUDIT-C and using a cut-off of 5 for both sexes, 24.1% of the sample of 887 physicians of the German sample are problematic drinkers (14.7% in female and 32 % in male physicians). Using a correction formula leads to markedly lower rates: 6.1% (all), 3.7% (female), 8.1% (male). Discussion: In this large sample, findings clearly confirm that uncorrected screening results lead to severe over-estimation of the prevalence of problematic drinking in physicians. The corrected prevalence rates are lower than in the general population. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Photogrammetry--the science of calculating 3D object coordinates from images--is a flexible and robust approach for measuring the static and dynamic characteristics of future ultra-lightweight and inflatable space structures (a.k.a., Gossan_er structures), such as large membrane reflectors, solar sails, and thin-film solar arrays. Shape and dynamic measurements are required to validate new structmal modeling techniques and corresponding analytical models lbr these unconventional systems. Thi, paper summarizes experiences at NASA Langley Research Center over the past three years to develop or adapt photogrammetry methods for the specific problem of measuring Gossamer space structures. Turnkey industrial photogrammetry systems were not considered a cost-effective choice for lhi_, basic research ef


Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum has become a severe problem on tomato in Korea and no effective control measures are available yet. Pseudomonas species play key roles for the biocontrol of many plant diseases especially in soil. A rhizobacterial population of 150 Pseudomonas strains, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of various plants grown at different sites, was screened for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producing gene (PhlD) by PCR. Two strains (P83 and P84) among them were found to be phlD positive. When the isolates were analysed by 16S rDNA (Sensu Stricto), all isolates yielded amplified products of 1,018bp. Of the 150 isolates of Pseudomonas spp., a bacterial strain P. putida P84 isolated from tomato rhizosphere showed to suppress a wide range of phytopathogenic bacteria in vitro. The best source of carbon for P84 strain were glucose, arabinose, inositol and melibiose. In greenhouse experiments, P84 strain suppressed the development of bacterial wilt in tomato with a control value of 60%.


ABSTRA C T In this paper we present the first phase-resolved, high-resolution, UV spectroscopy of V Sge. HST GHRS observations were obtained covering 1.5 orbital cycles of V Sge in a low state. We covered the He ii 1640 line and the C iv 1550 doublet alternately, and also obtained one spectrum covering Mg ii 2800. We create continuum and line flux light curves for the He ii and C iv spectra. A secular decrease in continuum and line strength occurs throughout our observation. The continuum light curves show a deep primary eclipse but no obvious secondary eclipse. The line fluxes show no significant changes during primary or secondary eclipses. The He ii line shows dramatic orbital variations in shape, but it is always purely an emission line, i.e., it shows no sign of a P Cygni profile. The C iv doublet shows a P Cygni profile in which the absorption vanishes at primary mid-eclipse. This locates the source of the P Cygni line in the primary star wind. The maximum velocity of absorption in the P Cygni profile is 700 km s 21 , much smaller than the HWZI of the C iv emission which is 1500 km s 21 . We attribute this to the presence of a broad C iv emission component underlying the primary star P Cygni profile. The C iv line also varies with orbital phase. In particular, the velocity at the blue edge of the absorption varies between 2700 and 2250 km s 21 as a function of orbital phase. The red and blue peaks of the profile also vary around the orbit, with the red peak at maximum strength near phases 0.5‐0.7. The blue peak is at maximum strength near phases 0.1‐0.2. We can explain the detailed behaviour of the He ii and C iv line profiles in the context of a colliding wind model. Here the winds from each star collide, forming a shock which, due to the rapid rotation of the binary, is wrapped around both stars. The C iv P Cygni line comes from the primary star wind, which has a terminal velocity of ,700 km s 21 . We attribute the He ii line and the broad C iv emission to a fast, optically thin wind from the secondary star. This wind has a terminal velocity of ,1500 km s 21 . Interstellar lines due to C i ,C i*, C iv ,M gii and P ii are detected. Column densities are measured for C i and P ii. The C i column density is used to estimate the hydrogen column density. We find that nH is of order 10 19 atom cm 22 .


The unprecedented loss of arable land has long been a matter of urgent concern to the Chinese government. Rural house-building craze in some underdeveloped area in China is one of the main factors which caused the destruction of farmland . Why do villagers use scarce farmland to construct house And why has the Chinese government been unable to control housing construction in the countryside Previous studies of the factors motivating the rural housing boom tend to explain this either as an economic rational actors or a social mobility tactic.This paper presents interview in a village in Jiangxi province, and shows that land management out of order, the social aspirations of families and the habitus of land use rules are major stimuli of the rural house-building craze.


The expression of recombinant proteins plays an important role in promoting the development of modern biological technology.A powerful tool for structural and functional studies of important proteins,especially proteins of human beings,could be provided by producing heterologous proteins in the hosts.The application of solubility-enhancing tags could overcome the soluble problem in expressing recombinant proteins.And,the yield,structure modification and purification of recombinant proteins could be influenced by the fusion partners.In the present review,the characteristics of several common solubility enhancers were introduced.The recent advances on the solubility-enhancing fusion tags were showed and the potential problems in their application were discussed.At last,the future was prospected.This review might be helpful for researchers in choosing suitable tags in their experiments.


This article concerns the historical roots of theological liberalism based on the assumption that it began with 17 th century rationalism and expanded until the 1920's, when it waned. The composition is basically developed along three main sections, the first and second relating to the phases of the movement and the last one offering a critical analysis of liberal theology. The first part refers to the main interests of rationalism, deism, and the Enlightenment and aims to present their general concepts. However, Matthew Tindal and Hermann Reimarus are worth mentioning due to their role in the definite break between liberalism and orthodoxy through their affirmation that Christianity is based on fraudulent allegations about the resurrection and the second coming of Jesus. In the second part the author correlates romanticism and modernism, considering them as one single phase in the movement of theological liberalism. This section focuses on Friedrich Schleiermacher, regarded as the father of modern theology, who rejected the doctrines of the fall, original sin, the virgin birth, the resurrection, the ascension of Christ, and his second coming. The third part, titled General Considerations, is where the author strives to show that liberalism was indeed a great evil to Christianity. It differed from the latter as a separate religion because it represents faith in humanity while the Christian religion represents faith in God.


When confronted with environmental stress, yeast cell reacts, among others, by modifying the expression of specific genes. In this study, gene expression was analyzed via RT-qPCR to quantify the oxidative stress of Saccharomyces pastorianus during yeast propagation as a reaction to different aeration levels. Target genes were identified, and a reference gene system was developed. Fermentation experiments were conducted in shaking flasks, applying different shaking speeds to generate various aeration efficiencies. The cells were sampled at different propagation stages and, additionally to the expression study, analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with dihydroethidium (DHE) to quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the cells. The results indicate that high oxygen fermentation conditions led to an increased expression of the catalase-A gene CTA1 during propagation. Furthermore, the determination of cell internal ROS shows increasing oxidative stress over the process in accordance with the RT-qPCR measurements.


Because the development isn't balanced in China's regional economic and financial industry,there exist great differences in the asset size and quality,profitability levels and so on among the city com-mercial banks in undeveloped areas.It is necessary to reconsider and make choice on business philosophy,operating mechanism and operating strategies to increase market competitiveness and achieve their own sus-tainable development.


In this study,an investigation is made in Shangluo University in accordance with the new National Students Health and Fitness Standard of 2007.It is found that student's physical health status is of great worry.Among them,the student body quality is at a low level,of light weight,and high proportion of fat;the level of physical fitness and athletic ability is poor,failure rate fixed long jump for boys and girls,and solid ball 50m is high,which goes under the national requirements.Analysis is done on reasons,countermeasures and suggestions are presented.


In the extensive use of short message sending by mobile phone, a lot of new legal problems have inevitably appeared, especially those concerning illegal activities by using short message. This paper gives an analysis to these legal problems, discusses the present situation of our country's legal regulations of sending short messages. It also suggests that the legal regulations should be strengthened so as to promote short message sending in a healthy way.


Objective To discuss the method and effect of non-operative treatment of high risk benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods The treatment of 72 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia was used B ultrasound guided transperineal puncture injection of collagenase solution.All the cases were followed up for half a year,and a retrospective study was carried out based on the international prostate symptom score(IPSS),quality of life score(QOL)and surplus urine measure.Results The postoperative symptoms were improved to different extents,the international prostate symptom score(IPSS),quality of life score(QOL)and surplus urine measure were significantly improved after the treatment(P0.05).Conclusion The method for high risk benign prostatic hyperplasia is simple,safe and minimally invasive,with satisfied curative effect.


Based on the theory of random fields and percolation theory, the formulas for determination of upper and lower limit of the macro shear strength of concrete dam foundation surface is deduced. By using these formulas the shear strength can be determined by the experimental result of small specimens.


For many small and start-up software companies, implementing controls and structures to properly manage their software development activity is a major challenge. It is commonly agreed that very small software companies, implementing management procedures, and controls to appropriately administer their software development activity is a significant challenge. To help meet the need for VSE-specific systems and software lifecycle profiles and guidelines, the ISO/IEC jointly published ISO/IEC 29110 "Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities" series of standards and guides, with the overall objective being to assist and encourage very small software organization in assessing and improving their software. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a primer on the ISO/IEC 29110 standard focusing on two main process areas of Project Management and Software Implementation.


Abstract The U.S. negotiating position at the Defense and Space Talks (DST) has emphasized protecting the option to deploy strategic defenses once feasibility has been established. The Soviets have sought to slow or stop the SDI program, whether through negotiation or encouragement of U. S. unilateral restraint. The incorporation of active defenses into the U.S.‐Soviet strategic relationship will in large measure depend on whether the United States pursues a technology‐driven or policy‐constrained approach to SDI. The U.S. DST proposal is best supported through an aggressive SDI program that retains a commitment to the testing and eventual deployment of strategic defense technologies.


Objective To find out the clinical,laboratory and epidemic features of adult measles and provide theoretic evidence for measles control.Methods Data of 63 hospitalized adult measles cases was analyzed retrospectively.Results Average age was 26.67±7.09 years old and the prodromal period was 4.19±2.19 days.All patients had a temperature,most of them had high fever between 39.1℃ to 40.0℃.All patients had rashes and Koplic's spots was noted in 71.4% patients.Bronchitis and peribronchitis were found in 31.7% patients,raised ALT and AST were found in 41.1% and 46.4% patients respectively,75.0% patients was detected with raised LDH-L,48.2% cases with raised HBDH and 28.6% cases with raised CK level were also detected.Conclusions Incidence of adult measles has a adscendent tendency in recent years.Measles patients in adult usually have sever clinical manifestation and complications are common.Application of Mva immunization to adults in high risk is a subject that is worth to concern and discuss.


Wiesbaden, Hessen, Germany *email@example.com Abstract Paper aims: This paper identifies, evaluates and structures the research that focuses on supply chain coordination, cooperation and collaboration (CCC) within the domain of production economics and reveals its intellectual foundation. Originality: The paper develops a distinct CCC-model, which enables a clear distinction between the elements of CCC based on five criteria. Afterwards, it presents the most influential papers and authors when it comes to CCC in supply chain production economics research. It also provides a visualised intellectual structure of five citation subfields and their interrelations. Research method: Based on the reference list of more than 270 CCC-related papers, the authors perform a citation and co-citation analysis of the 47 most frequently cited papers in one selected academic journal. This analysis included multidimensional scaling, factor analysis as well as cluster analysis. Main findings: The study reveals the intellectual base of CCC in a production economic-specific research domain, which reflects coordination only. The citation clusters represent different aspects of supply chain coordination mechanisms such as contractual agreements, information sharing and buyer-vendor integration. One subfield represents methodological aspects. Implications for theory and practice: Neither cooperation nor collaboration related sources were identified in the most frequently used papers which certainly offers a research gap that needs to be


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Modern neurocritical care management utilises several monitoring techniques to identify or predict secondary insults but many of these techniques have significant limitations. The ideal cerebral monitor would be a non-invasive system able to provide realtime quantitative haemodynamic and metabolic information at multiple sites with high temporal and spatial resolution. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) fulfils many of these requirements and has great potential as a cerebral monitoring tool. In addition to measurements of oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin concentration, NIRS can monitor changes in mitochondrial redox state by measuring changes in oxidised cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO) concentration. This is an attractive monitoring target as it is intimately involved in adenosine triphosphate synthesis and cellular homeostasis, yet few studies exist which investigate oxCCO concentration changes in either the normal or injured adult human brain. This thesis explores the use of NIRS, and in particular measurement of oxCCO concentration changes, for monitoring patients with TBI. Cerebral metabolism in both health and TBI is described and current monitoring tools and treatment strategies used in TBI are discussed. Studies investigating NIRS measurements in the brains of healthy volunteers during changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension are described in order to determine the ability of NIRS to detect these physiological perturbations and to characterise the resulting metabolic changes. Spectroscopic data are analysed to investigate the methodology used to calculate oxCCO concentration changes. NIRS is used to monitor patients with TBI during normobaric hyperoxygenation and non-invasively measured NIRS variables are compared with those acquired using invasive cerebral monitoring devices. Correlations are shown between non-invasive measures of mitochondrial redox state and invasive measures of cellular redox state. NIRS can monitor changes in cerebral physiology after TBI and has the potential to guide neuroprotective strategies on the neurocritical care unit.


As the latest science reveals discoveries about human development, we are learning important lessons about what it takes to build the sturdy "architecture" of the human brain, and about what can get in the way of its development. We know that the quality of a child's earliest experiences is critically important. Nurturing relationships are so fundamental, in fact, that the growing brain's architecture depends heavily on them. (For more on the relationship between caregiver-childhood interaction and the brain, see Interaction and the Architecture of the Brain, a new article from the members of the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child.)


Currently ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 disease is a defining and unrivalled worldwide crisis of this time in both magnitude and scale level. Though the respiratory tract is the primary target of this disease evidences revealed that the virus could also enter in central and peripheral nervous system leading to numerous neurological issues inclusion of little severe complication like seizures, improper consciousness and encephalitis. The virus could gain entry through CNS either from trans-synaptic way or from olfactory sensory neurons and also through epithelium in brain microvasculature which is damaged by usage of receptor ACE2 effective for neuropilin-1 cell surface receptor responsible for several aspects of infectivity in COVID-19 infection. The crucial symptoms among all of these are breathing problem seen in few of the patients. It could be indicative of irregular function within cardiopulmonary regulating center in brain. Thus these findings indicate the strong foundation for intense research is necessary for confirming the neurodegeneration of brain regulatory centers association with COVID-19 infection also if shares similarity with other strain of coronavirus which also have nervous system association. COVID-19 and its others strain of coronavirus infection associated neurological feature includes transmission pathways, invasion to the nervous system and other neurological disease. The receptor for this virus is found to be expressed in nervous system commonly known feature of this disease includes headaches, weakness, altered consciousness, hyposmia. Few mechanism are proposed for this diseases which are infection through cribriform plate, olfactory bulb they are involve in transmitting the olfactory nerves which carries the sense of smell and distribution through trans-synaptic transfer. The invasiveness of this disease to medullary cardiorespiratory center leads to refractory respiratory dysfunction in severe patients of COVID-19. An elevated number of COVID-19 cases with neurological complication are being supplemented to the experimental models with invasion to nervous system as a rational concern that this virus is a new neuropathogen. It leads to both chronic and acute neurological disorder needed to be elucidated in detail for future research.


Case report of diverticulosis of the small bowel complicated by diverticulitis. Radiography is the method of choice to demonstrate this finding preoperatively. This entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of right lower quadrant abdominal pain.


Summary Insulin (0.1 U/kg) and tolbutamide (175 mg) sensitivity tests were performed in normal dogs either alone or 120 minutes after a single intravenous injection of bovine growth hormone (3 mg). No growth hormone influence upon the ability of. exogenous insulin to effect blood glucose and free fat~y aCid removal was noted This appears to be due to a masking of growth hormone effects by pharmacologic doses of insuli.n, since growth hormone did cause impairment of tolbu~amlde evoked endogenous insulin action upon net glucose dlsappear ance. The injection of actinomycin D (7.5 IJi,/kg LV.) 90 mi nutes prior to growth hormone normalized the metabolic re sponses to tolbutamide. In addition, the ability of growth hormone to facilitate tolbutamide stimulation of immunore active insulin release was noted. Horm. Metab. Res. 3: 155-160 (1971)


Photoinduced carrier dynamics in a correlated electron system on a coupled two-leg ladder lattice are studied. The two-leg ladder Hubbard model is analyzed by utilizing the exact diagonalization method based on the Lanczos algorithm in finite size clusters. In order to reveal the transient carrier dynamics after photoirradiation, we calculate the low-energy components of the hole kinetic energy, the pair-field correlation function, the optical conductivity spectra and others. It is shown that the photoinduced metallic-like state appears in a half filled Mott insulating state, while the low-energy carrier motion is suppressed by photoirradiation in hole doped metallic states. These photoinduced changes in electron dynamics are associated with changes in the carrier-pair coherence, and are not attributed to a naive thermalization but to a ladder-lattice effect. Based on the numerical results, optical controls of hole pairs by using the double-pulse pumping are demonstrated. Implications to the recent optical pump-probe experiments are presented.


Composite structure is disclosed, and includes a base (X) and the layer (Y). Layer (Y) it is, contains a mixture of the metal oxide (A) and the compound (B) and compound (L Examples of the compound (B) and compound (L When the mole of the metal atom (M) can be derived from a metal oxide (A) to N Further, when the molar number of phosphorus atoms derived from the phosphorus compound (B) to N


Sectors with a long regulatory tradition have recently experienced intense activity by multinationals whose international operations and relocation threats represent a new cause for concern for regulators. I analyze a multinational serving two countries and being regulated by two national authorities. The firm is shown to favor, or cross-subsidize, the country with a larger stake in the firm's profit, and the linkage among national regulations may induce unexpected effects on outputs. I also analyze a multinational's lobbying decisions and its effects on national regulations. Finally, a credible threat to "fly" away from tough regulators lets the firm obtain larger profits. Copyright 2004 by the Economics Department Of The University Of Pennsylvania And Osaka University Institute Of Social And Economic Research Association.


We propose a novel, Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) based approach to identifying molecular events/interactions in biomedical text. Our key contributions are: (1) an empirical validation of our hypothesis that an event is a subgraph of the AMR graph, (2) a neural network-based model that identifies such an event subgraph given an AMR, and (3) a distant supervision based approach to gather additional training data. We evaluate our approach on the 2013 Genia Event Extraction dataset and show promising results.


The utility model discloses a high-voltage servo true three-axis testing machine. A main machine body is composed of three independent loading and unloading systems which include two perpendicular loading and unloading systems and one horizontal loading and unloading system. The three independent loading and unloading systems are all high-rigidity loading and unloading frames. The testing machine is a comprehensive rigidity testing machine which can conduct single uniaxial drawing, compression and shearing tests, conventional three-axis tests, true three-axis tests and other tests, the testing machine can provide pressure which is large enough to meet the test requirements for materials like a majority of rocks, dead loads and disturbance loads can be added to rock sample test specimens in the three perpendicular directions independently in the three-dimensional space, and uniaxial and rapid unloading can be achieved. All operations are completed through a computer keyboard and a mouse, meanwhile, a necessary manual control device is arranged, and the operations are convenient and flexible.


This paper discusses the efforts to increase the competence of teachers through a system of principal leadership. Leadership is an attempt to influence others to do the activity in order to achieve a common goal. Leadership has a strategic role in determining whether or not an organization forward. As supreme leader, the principal has a duty and a vital role in improving the quality of human resources in it. In order to realize the quality of human resources professionals, principals must have the appropriate strategy; educational supervision, education and training, provision of motivation continue, changes in work culture, so that teacher competence as a basic element of education can be realized. The competencies include; pedagogical competence, personal competence, social competence and professional competence.


The synthesis of the title compound (3) is described. Treatment of a solution of triethyl [14C]orthoformate in dry chloroform with cis-[4-(2,5-diamino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-2-cyclopentenyl carbinol (1) afforded crude 2. Hydrolysis of crude 2 with 2 N sodium hydroxide gave 3 in 34% overall radiochemical yield with specific activity of 19.6 mCi/mmol.


Where Will the it Jobs be in 2009? Those with an eye on pink slips and 401K levels these past few months have had little to cheer about. As the U.S. stock market shakes the financial globe, vendors in the tech sector have dropped jobs like autumn leaves with companies like AT&T cutting jobs tied to aging technology. The numerals on the IT job-loss scoreboard change so fast I finally decided I couldn't cite reliable figures that won't be out of date by the time this story goes live. And if the morning roll call of companies shedding tens or hundreds of thousands of jobs isn't enough to dent your spirit, a story in the Christian Science Monitor recently pointed out that the last two recessions saw " jobless recoveries. " For those of us who wandered, stunned, through the ever-shrinking IT job fairs of the 2000–2002 recession, this kind of news is unnerving. Yet ironically, studies coming out at the end of the year suggest relative strength in IT compared to other job sectors. While IT


Obtaining ultrafast images using steered plane wave (PW) imaging remains a challenge due to the trade-off between image quality and frame rate. PW imaging indeed relies on compounding in order to preserve a good image quality, usually using multiple successive emissions, which in turn yields a decrease of the frame rate. As opposed to this classical approach, we propose a new strategy to reduce the number of emitted PWs. This is done using a deep learning technique, i.e. by training a convolutional neural network (CNN) to reconstruct high quality images using a small number of PW emissions (typically two).


This paper presents a novel network architecture based on The Onion Routing (TOR) network and BitTorrent concepts to advance privacy and anonymity in communication networks. In the traditional TOR network, when the transmitter sends a message, any external intruder or the first proxy knows that a message has been sent from a specific location or IP address. The same issue is on the receiver side. This can reveal some privacy about who using the network, the time of activity, and the density of communications. Another issue with the services that provide end-to-end encryption is that the powerful entities can force the service's owner to deliver their encryption keys and other related data that can reveal information about the communications within the network. Therefore, the new architecture decentralizes the network entirely in which nodes are the only fundamental component of the network. The nodes themselves act as hops and control the rules of the network by using a distributed hash table (DHT). There are no proxy servers working as hops in TOR networks or servers to hold DHTs as trackers in the BitTorrent network. The nodes act as an end client and a hop server for other nodes that want to join, leave, and communicate. The actual implementation of the MDA network is under development for peer-to-peer (P2P) messaging. Further development can be made for web browsing, file sharing and video streaming.


Abstract Aim. The aim of the research was to validate the Quality of Life Questionnaire for family members of patients with progressive neurological disease PNDQoL_FM. Material and methods. To analyze the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis (convergent validity of the questionnaire) was used, together with internal consistency of the scales (reliability), retest reliability, and correlation analysis. The research sample comprised of 157 family members of patients with PND. Results. The psychometric properties of the PNDQoL_FM questionnaire were found satisfactory. The best concordance of a model and the data (CFI: 0.989; TLI: 0.973; RMSEA: 0.063; SRMR: 0.030; GFI: 0.977) was found for the model 2, where four domains of the functional scale were tested, i.e. activities of daily living, emotional functioning, social functioning, and spiritual area. The reliability of the individual subscales was also found satisfactory (Cronbach α: 0.735-0.923). The retest reliability was determined to be satisfactory for all domains as well (r>0.7). Conclusions. The questionnaire PNDQoL_FM could be used for both research and clinical practice. The assessment of the quality of life of the PND patients' family members may be a convenient indicator of the quality of provided care.


Multilevel inverter used for many kind of operation like reducing the total harmonic distortion, increase thevoltage level. Conventional two-level inverter is used to get AC output voltage waveform from DC voltage.A lot of harmonics is produced in the voltage output through this inverter. There are three different typesof topologies of Inverter are going to compare First is Diode Clamped/Neutral Point clamped multilevelinverter ,second is Flying Capacitors Multilevel Inverter and the last is Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevelinverter . Multi-level inverter which is based on cascaded H-bridge, producing a high power quality.summarily focuses on generating high level inverter output with optimal number of switches and THD asll as dv/dt across the switches.


The open-cast mine combine's system was analyzed in order to determine the system's dynamic characteristics and behavior. The analysis has established that rigidity of the working element's transmission of the open-cast mine combine is a function of torsional stiffness of the "pump – to -hydraulic motor" hydraulic transmission.


Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics features new work in the field of normative ethical theory. The chapters in this ninth volume collectively address the following topics: the relation between duty and motive, the structure of requests, discretionary moral duties, third-party forgiveness, persons as things, fitting love, the doctrine of double endorsement, taking oneself lightly, duty and right reasons, deontological decision theory, suboptimal beneficence, the self and radical change, and teleosemantics and normative ethics....


COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic and new treatments are urgently needed as we enter a phase beyond containment. Developing new drugs from scratch is a lengthy process, thus impractical to face the immediate global challenge. Drug repurposing is an emerging strategy where existing medicines, having already been tested safe in humans, are redeployed to combat difficult-to-treat diseases. While using such repurposed drugs individually may ultimately not yield a significant clinical benefit, carefully combined cocktails could be very effective, as was for HIV in the 1990s; the urgent question now being which combination.


Time of day (TOD) control, i.e. applying different signal timings during specified time of day to accommodate temporal traffic patterns, is widely used in the operation of most signalized intersections. In the current practice of TOD partitions, clustering approach has been a popular choice for determining TOD breakpoints given its strength in identifying dissimilarity. However, there still exists an unsolved challenge where the outliers (e.g. rare traffic flow disturbance) may lead to frequent and sometimes drastic changes of TOD plans. Such TOD control can result in unstable traffic states and inefficient operations of signal control systems. This study investigated this issue by revisiting several classical clustering approaches, i.e. K-means, hierarchical and Fisher ordinal clustering. We examined the following factors that may have large impact on the partition results of TOD, namely data collection duration, multi-day and multi-phase choices, and time-dimension in the dataset. The performances of three clustering approaches were systematically compared via an experimental study using field data collected at one intersection in Shanghai, China. This study hopes to offer practical insights through a comprehensive analysis on TOD partitions and assist traffic engineers to fine-tune signal control for signalized intersections, which would remain as a dominant and mainstream traffic control tool for the current urban road networks.


The aerosol dynamics module MADE has been coupled to the general
circulation model ECHAM. The new model system ECHAM4/MADE allows for
significantly improved representation of aerosols and their related
size-dependent physical and chemical processes within global model
simulations. In addition to particle mass concentrations, also particle
number concentration and size-distribution can be simulated
explicitly taking into account detailed aerosol dynamical processes
such as coagulation, nucleation, and condensation. To evaluate the
results obtained from simulations with the new model system, model
data have been compared to numerous aerosol measurements.
Besides geographical and seasonal variability of the aerosol
components sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black and organic carbon,
mineral dust, and sea salt, also the aerosol liquid water content,
particle number concentration, and size-distribution can be
investigated. For the first time, the role of aerosol dynamics on
global scale for simulation of submicron aerosols can be studied.
As a special application, the intercontinental long-range
transport of black carbon from road traffic and its contribution to
the total atmospheric black carbon burden is investigated.


This study describes awarding address of adek titles in Lampung tradition of Pepadun "O" dialect. It is expected that the results of this study are useful for government of Lampung Province and its language centre to develop Lampung tradition or culture. This research used descriptive method. The data sources are respondents, such as, natives and social figures from four villages in Tulang Bawang Regency. The addressing system of Lampung people with Pepadun "O" dialect in this study informed about three levels of adek, the cost of perabungan gawei, eight levels of amai, and four penyimbang of Lampung community. Adek is usually awarded by lebbeu, kelamo, and batangan after marriage through gawei. Besides, it is also known personal name and kinship addressing systems.


My first encounter with bamboo was back in India, during my Bachelor studies, where I interned with a firm which works in the field of Bamboo architecture. The firm works on a natural form of bamboo. There is always a struggle for durability of the structures that are constructed using these materials. Later here at TU Delft, I learned about advanced forms of the bamboo being researched upon (in Innovation and Sustainability studio), which lead me to work and research further on this material, as it comes across more promising and durable than the natural form.


E. Gotsman,1, ∗ Yu. P. Ivanov,2, 3, † and E. Levin1, 3, ‡ Department of Particle Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, 141980 Moscow Region, Russia Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María and Centro Científico Tecnológico de Valparaíso, Casilla 110-V, Valparaiso, Chile (Dated: December 29, 2020)


we can admire the pioneering work of Charig and his colleagues, they have not presented as convincing a direct case as they might had they chosen to cast their experience as -a time series (p 880), showing how with the introduction initially of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and then of extracorporeal shockwavelithotripsy successivepeaksofefficiency in. stone removal had been achieved while at the same time complications had decreased and hospital stay diminished. Recent surgical models for this approach are the results of management of bleeding peptic ulcer by a combined team3 and of large bowel obstruction by immediate resection often accompanied by reconstruction.4 In my view this is not a substandard way of making progress, though sometimes it leaves uncertainty about exactly which factors were important. Nevertheless, we can say that the urological team from the lithotripter centre is not entitled to make the type of intergroup comparisons that it has done because these are suited only to random samples obtained from a well constructed prospective experiment. Such inadequacies of logic and the statistical-malfeasance that is shown weaken the case for the introduction of a new technology without the full apparatus of a controlled trial. To discuss the economic aspects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is difficult and would make this article far too long. The money side can be made to appear attractive but the assumptions which have to bemade are ill established. Dowe in the National Health Service, as would happen in the private sector, look for a "return" on capital while writing that investment down? We cannot. Do we really save money by shortening hospital stay for one condition while there is pressure on beds and resources for the treatment of other things? We do not. Matters being equal (and this is a pious hope in the real world) the appraisal of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy makes it look cost effective. It is my view that Challah and Mays lay too much emphasis on the ineluctable superiority of the clinical trial in all circumstances and therefore on the need for anyone who eschews its rigour to justify his case. Nevertheless, we should heed both their analysis of the clinician's antagonism (which to strengthen their case has to neglect some of the better reasoned opposition of the past few years) and their recommendations, which include the idea of an independent technology review board, a set of standards, and a voluntary code of practice by industry. This is all fine tiinking and should be considered seriougly but might justify a controlled trial to see if such measures were any more effective than our current system or lack of it. Considerable further debate without commitment to one or other polarised view is needed as well as hard thinking about each individual instance. What of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy at the moment? The commonsense view oftheman on the Clapham omnibus smitten with severe renal colic would surely be that it is the treatment of choice for his symptomatic "fixed" stones, though a fall back to percutaneous nephrolithotomy or even open surgery will be needed in 18-200/o of stones over 2 cm diameter. The long term outcome is unknown but can scarcely be worse than other forms of removal. What is now needed is -a prospective study to define particular problems and difficulties within subclasses of stones. This seems to me to be a better way forward than "blind" clinical trials, though these may be required for subgroups who are exposed by a more extensive analysis and longer follow up.


The imidazolium salts bis(N-pyridylimidazoliumyl)methane hexafluorophosphate ([H2L1](PF6)2) and bis(N-picolyl)benzimidazoliumyl)methane hexafluorophosphate ([H2L2](PF6)2) as the precursors of potentially tetradentate NHC ligands were synthesized in 63–98% yields. Their reactions with Ag2O afforded silver−NHC complexes [Ag3(L1)2(CH3CN)2](PF6)3 (1) and [Ag4(L2)2(CH3CN)2](PF6)4 (2), respectively. Further reactions of these silver complexes as carbene transfer reagents yielded square-planar nickel(II) complexes [NiL1](PF6)2 (3) and [NiL2](PF6)2 (4), respectively. These silver and nickel complexes have been fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Both 3 and 4 catalyzed Suzuki-type cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and bromides containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents. Complex 3 is a more active catalyst under mild conditions.


JING Heng-yi, as an important educator in modern Zhejiang, created a thought of "saving the nation through education" from environmental awareness and self-reflection. His thought contains two important points: "pure character education" and "dynamic education." However, during his practice of his thoughts in three education entities of Zhejiang First Normal College, Chunhui Middle School and Zhejiang Provincial No.4 Middle School and an education platform Zhejiang Education Association, JING Heng-yi found that in the war period, education was weak in saving the nation. Later, when new times come, the concept of "saving the nation through education" has new connotations of rejuvenating the country through science and education.


Techniques are disclosed to provide security for user output and input in which a first, host operating system is used along with a second, high assurance operating system (nexus), where the first system provides at least some of the infrastructure for the second system. A trusted UI engine has a trusted input manager and a trusted output manager. The trusted input manager controls access to trusted input, distributing decrypted input to the host operating system where appropriate, or to the appropriate process running in the nexus. The trusted output manager manages output to the display, and allows trusted agents in the nexus to output data for display without needing to be aware of output-device-dependent details.


Group-centrality is an emerging area in Network Science which seeks to quantify the importance of nodes within and between communities. Previous group-centrality measures either have strong theoretical underpinnings in community detection, or scale well, but not both. We propose an extremely scalable measure, modularity-impact, that is directly derived from Newman's modularity. Unlike other measures, modularity-impact is signed, providing additional information about each node's role: hub within its community, or bridge between communities. We analyze our results in a network robustness framework, as it is a generalized version of immunization under SIR models, which prior works have used for evaluation. We show that our measure out-performs previous measures for immunizing strategies in generated networks with strong community structure. Additionally, we show that our measure gives the most effective attack strategy for a million-node infrastructure network, fragmenting it while removing less than 2% of nodes. This is over 8 times more fragile than can be seen with previous group-centralities. We further find that the social media communication network demonstrates extreme robustness to group-centrality attacks, suggesting that user-based interventions to mitigate misinformation diffusion will be ineffective. Finally, we show that our group-centrality measure can be used as a greedy solution to the community deception problem.