An experiment was conducted to determine whether calves can be encouraged to increase consumption of dry feed by association of oronasal cues (flavor) elicited by the milk replacer (MR) with those produced by the starter. Forty-three calves (initial BW=51.3±0.63 kg, age=23±1.2 d) participated in this study. All calves were weaned 6 wk after the beginning of the study, which was continued until 2 wk after weaning. Twenty-two calves received a MR treated with a novel flavor and the other 21 calves consumed the same MR but unflavored. Until the preweaning week (wk 4) all calves were fed the same unflavored starter. During the preweaning week (wk 5), within each MR group, half of the calves were fed a pelleted starter treated with the same flavor used in the MR, whereas the remaining calves were offered the same starter but unflavored following a 2x2 factorial design. Starter and MR consumption was registered daily, and BW was determined weekly. Overall, starter intake (as a percentage of BW) was not affected by flavor addition. However, the increase of starter consumption expressed as the percentage of starter intake with respect to average consumption the week before preweaning, was numerically greater when the flavored starter was offered (regardless of the MR treatment). Furthermore, when calves were classified in 4 groups according to the preweaning level of starter consumption, calves in the lowest consumption category consumed (as a % of BW) more (P < 0.05) dry feed when fed the flavored starter compared with the unflavored control. As a result, feeding the flavored starter numerically reduced the coefficient of variation of BW gain from 34.4 to 13.7% from preweaning to the end of the study. Results suggest that flavoring calf starters may improve feed intake of calves with a poor drive to consume dry feed, potentially reducing thereby variability in BW gain.


The present invention relates to X- 6 X- 5 X- 4 X- 3 X- 2 X- 1 X 1 PX 3 X 4 PX 6 X 7 PGX 10 X 11 AX 13 X 14 X 15 X 16 LX 18 X 19 X 20 providing a peptide comprising a sequence of X 21 X 22 X 23 LX 25 X 26 YLX 29 X 30 X 31 X 32, wherein amino acid X -6, X -5, X -4 , X -3, X -2 , X -1, X 1, X 3, X 4, X 6, X 7, X 10, X 11, X 13, X 14, X 15, X 16, X 18, X 19, X 20, X 21, X 22 , X 25 , X 26 , X 29 , X 30, X 31 , and X 32 are as defined herein. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the peptides and methods of using the peptides. A method of screening a library of peptide dimers using peptide dimer display technology is also provided.


Ikonos and other high-resolution commercial satellite imaging systems are used for coastal mapping, monitoring, and change detection. In addition to offering high-resolution and multispectral data, these systems provide a short revisit time (2.9 days) and the capability to perform stereo mapping. This article reports on the photogrammetric mapping of a Lake Erie coastal area from 1-m-resolution Ikonos Geo stereo images. The nominal accuracy of ground point de-termination with vendor-provided Rational Function (RF) coefficients is evaluated; the authors report that systematic errors are found when compared with ground control points. However, a significant improvement in the accuracy is achieved by a refining process that applies a three-dimensional affine transformation to the RF-calculated 3D ground points to correct the systematic errors. A digital elevation model (DEM) is automatically generated and an orthoimage is produced using the DEM and the refined geometric model. Finally, a 3D shoreline is extracted through manual digitization in one image of a stereo pair and then automatic matching in the other image. The authors include a discussion of issues concerning the production of digital tide-coordinated shorelines using instantaneous observations. The authors conclude that high-resolution satellite imagery will come to play a significant role in coastal mapping.


The method for receiving a broadcast service according to the present invention comprises the following steps: selecting a non-real-time service object; receiving service signal data corresponding to the selected non-real-time service object; determining a consumption model of the non-real-time service object based on the service signaling data; if the consumption model is a pre-defined consumption model, acquiring first content item reception information contained in the non-real-time service object from the service signaling data; receiving a first content item based on the first content item reception information; and executing the first content item in response to the request for executing the selected non-real-time service object.


The reaction of the octahedral cluster anion [N(PPh3)2][Ru6C(CO)15(µ-η3-C3H5)] with allyl bromide at 115 °C afforded the pentanuclear cluster [Ru5C(CO)11(µ-Br)2(η3-C3H5)(µ-η3-C3H5)] containing a square-based pyramidal geometry in which two adjacent apical-to-basal edges are cleaved and replaced by two symmetrically bridging Br atoms. One allyl ligand bridges a Ru–Ru edge of the square base in a µ-η3 fashion, while the other allyl group co-ordinates to the apical Ru atom as a simple η3 ligand. The reaction of the octahedral cluster anion [N(PPh3)2][Ru6C(CO)16(Me)] with methyl iodide in CH2Cl2 at 150°C gave the cluster [N(PPh3)2][Ru5C(CO)13I(µ-I)(µ-η-2-COMe)] displaying a square-based pyramidal geometry in which two opposite apical-to-basal edges are cleaved and bridged by a µ-η2 acetyl group and an I atom. The complex [N(PPh3)2]2[Ru6C(CO)16] reacted with benzyl bromide at 60 °C to give the novel octahedral cluster [N(PPh3)2][Ru6C(CO)16(µ-Br)] in which one edge of the metal framework is cleaved and symmetrically bridged by a Br atom. Further reaction with benzyl bromide at 130 °C led to [Ru5C(CO)14(µ-Br)2], which exhibits the same metal geometry as the iodide with two Br atoms symmetrically bridging two opposite apical-to-basal edges of the square-based pyramidal geometry.


Copolymerization of ethylene with carbon monoxide was performed with Cu catalyst systems. Novel catalyst systems based on Cu (Cu(CH3COO)2/ligand/acid) were firstly reported for the copolymerization of ethylene with carbon monoxide, in which the ligand was a bidentate phosphorus chelating ligand. The experimental results showed that this kind of Cu catalyst system exhibited high activity. When DPPP (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphine)propane) and CH3COOH were used catalyst system had the advantages of high stability and low cost.


A report is given of theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of temperature on the selectivity of separating carbon isotopes by multiphoton vibrational and subsequent electronic excitation of CF/sub 3/I molecules. Carbon dioxide laser radiation was used for vibrational excitation and XeC1 and XeF excimer lasers were used for dissociation. A selectivity of 108 was achieved at 223 /sup 0/K.


Passenger effort has been neglected in the conventional transport demand and modal split models. The author develops a single-line traffic analysis in which a cost/benefit approach incorporates in traffic distribution not only trip time and fare but also the passenger effort required in terms of train transfers and the crowdedness of trains. A problem of track expansion between Tokyo and Takao is examined. Scheduling and track capacity are discussed in terms of express stops, frequencies of local and express trains, and tracks assigned for specific types of services.


Excerpt Although the critical role of iodine in the regulation of thyroid gland function has been recognized for many years, other aspects of its use remain controversial. The appropriate amount of...


A new three dimensional neutron depolarization beamline was commissioning at W3 beam port of Tsing Hua Open Pool Reactor (THOR, 2 MW) located in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The beamline consists of a pair of Heusler crystals as neutron polarizer and analyzer. Two three‐dimensional rotators were placed before and after the sample position. The sample chamber was enclosed in a μ‐metal enclosure with a gradient field at incident and exit ports. Typically, 0.237 nm of monoenergetic neutron was selected for experiments. A flipping ratio of 23 can be obtained which corresponds to a polarization ratio of 92% of this beamline. The typical intensity is 400 n/cm2s at 1 MW operation. Magnetic correlation lengths of Ni‐ferrite powders with different packing densities were measured to understand the characteristics of this beamline. The magnetic correlation lengths were observed to be 2 μm at virgin state and about 3.1 μm at remanent state. This magnetic correlation length in the virgin state is similar than the particle size. N...


Highly selective coupling-cyclization of 3,4-allenols with aryl iodides via the oxidative addition-exo-mode oxypalladation-reductive elimination sequence afforded 2,3-dihydrofurans efficiently. The cyclization mode and the regioselectivity observed for 3,4-allenols are unique and different from what was reported previously.


Abstract : We have developed a cyclic-cluster program to compute the structure and properties of defects in crystalline solids. We have found the semi-empirical electronic structure method MINDO/3 to give the best account of the structure, stability and states near the gap for defects in silicon. We have applied the cyclic cluster program to describe the chemistry and physics of hydrogen and oxygen in a silicon crystal. We have concluded that a di-ylid is a promising candidate for the core of the 450 oxygen thermal donor in silicon. We have discovered that a four-member ring containing two oxygen atoms is likely to diffuse much faster than interstitial oxygen in silicon. We have applied perturbation theory to give a qualitative explanation of the ladder of effective mass states associated with oxygen clusters in silicon and germanium. Keywords: Semiconductor theory, Silicon defects, Oxygen thermal donors.


Optical device based on a tilted fibre Bragg grating (TFBG) to perform simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature is proposed. Using two different demodulating techniques, namely monitoring the core mode wavelength and the area of the transmission spectrum, it is possible to measure, separately, temperature and RI, respectively. The proposed method uses a grating, which does not require a reduced diameter, and a single measurement equipment. Measurements with resolution up to 5.7 x 10-4 and 0.5 °C were achieved, for RI and temperature, respectively. Theoretically, the resolution of RI measurements can go as bellow as 2 x 10-5.


The Indian banking sector has witnessed many Merger and Acquisitions in the recent and past decades. With this context this study analyzed pre and post merger performance of ING Vysya Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank using CAMEL rating approach system.The quality of assets is an important parameter to gauge the strength of the bank. The prime aphorism behind measuring the assets quality is to ascertain the component of non-performing assets (NPAs), total investments and total assets. This paper mainly aims to highlight the theoretical background of merger and acquisition and evaluation of assets quality in Indian banking sector and to examine the pre and post merger performance of net NPAs to net advances and gross NPAs to gross advances in ING Vysya and Kotak Mahindra bank. And also to assess the pre and post merger performance of total investment to total assets and net NPAs to total assets of ING Vysya and Kotak Mahindra Bank. In this paper data has been collected from secondary sources and for the purposes of analysis or to measure adequacy of data applied one sample T-Test, descriptive statistics. Finally this study results net NPAs to net advances, gross NPAs to gross advances, net NPAs to total assets post merger performance was high and improved compared to the pre merger performance of Kotak Mahindra bank. Further the total investment to total assets the post merger performance was less or reduced after ING Vysya Bank merged with Kotak Mahindra Bank. Therefore there is a significant difference between pre and post merger performance of net NPAs to net advances and total investment to total assets.


Coiled perimysial fibers within the heart muscle provide it with the ability to contract and relax efficiently. Here, we report on a new nanocomposite scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering, integrating coiled electrospun fibers with gold nanoparticles. Cultivation of cardiac cells within the hybrid scaffolds promoted cell organization into elongated and aligned tissues generating a strong contraction force, high contraction rate and low excitation threshold.


month previously. Hematocrit, platelets, ESR, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and triglycerides were normal. ESR was 58 mm and intracutaneous Mantoux induration (2 UT-RT23) was 12 mm. Chest radiography and CT showed three 2 cm nodular masses in the left lower lobe, one was calcified.


This paper is an effort to explore the transfer problem at lexical level in the compositions of non-English majors. The negative transfer of Chinese sentence patterns in Chinese non-major students' English compositions reflects negative transfer of Chinese thought patterns. Three kinds of different sentence patterns are discussed respectively. A statistics is conducted here to calculate the frequency of three kinds of erroneous sentences typical of Chinese sentence patterns in non-major students' English compositions.


Computers have become a part of our day-to-day life. It would be hard to imagine our day without the direct or indirect use of the computer. But chemicals used during the manufacturing of computer parts/peripherals result in harmful toxic waste when disposed of, damaging the environment severely. The desperate need is felt for a greener form of computing that minimally affects the environment. Term green computing is used to design and manufacture the computer to maximize computer utilization without adversely affecting the environment. It also addresses various other issues like energy efficiency, eco-friendly hardware and software, material recycling, etc. There has been much development in recent times, "green computing," and there is still more to do. This paper surveys different dimensions of green computing and their impact on other organizations. Moreover, this paper offers a framework to be adopted by various organizations to adapt to green computing. The proposed framework assesses green computing preparedness by grading it and guides an organization to increase the green computing involvement in the organization.


To study the dynamical properties of the novel complex hydride Li3(NH2)2I showing fast-ion conduction, we have measured the 7Li and 1H NMR spectra and spin–lattice relaxation rates in this compound over broad ranges of temperature (98–488 K) and the resonance frequency (14–90 MHz). Our measurements have revealed two jump processes with different characteristic rates. The faster process corresponds to the three-dimensional translational diffusion of Li+ ions; the characteristic jump rate for this motion reaches ∼108 s–1 at 310 K. This Li+ diffusion process can be satisfactorily described in terms of a Gaussian distribution of the activation energies with the average Ead value of 0.38 eV. Comparison of the 7Li and 1H NMR data with the results of dipolar second moment calculations indicates that high Li+ mobility in Li3(NH2)2I is not related to the effects of NH2 reorientations. On the other hand, specific structural features of the Li-site sublattice in Li3(NH2)2I can facilitate fast Li+ diffusion. The slow...


An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the influence of heat treatment at 300 ℃,450 ℃,550 ℃,650 ℃ and 800 ℃ on the microstructure and sliding wear behavior of Fe Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings produced by high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) and cored wires. The result shows, the main phases in both as sprayed and heat treated Fe Al/WC composite coatings are iron aluminide intermetallics (Fe 3Al+FeAl) and α as well as a little oxide (Al 2O 3) and carbides (WC, W 2C, Fe 2W 2C and Fe 6W 6C). After heat treated at 450-650 ℃, dispersion strengthening of Fe 2W 2C and Fe 6W 6C will lead to a rise in microhardness of the coatings. The microhardness is likely to be the most important factor which influences the sliding wear behavior of the coatings. Increasing the microhardness through heat treatment will improve the sliding wear resistance of the Fe Al/WC composite coatings.


The aim of this work is to provide a methodology for the power generation optimization on large cruise ships in order to improve their operating efficiency, fuel saving and, consequently, to reduce exhaust gas emissions. The electrical load analysis is compared to the machinery reports of actual data in order to investigate if the estimated required power is appropriately close to the real power demand. Relevance is given to the average load of the diesel-generators, which expresses an indication of how the generators work. The model of the ship electric distribution system represents one of the main objectives of this work along with the power system simulations. These were developed through the definition of load profiles, both by the onboard recordings and by machinery reports data. Therefore, the same cruise profile is analyzed under different scenarios, the real and the optimized one, in order to highlight the critical state of the system and any possible margin for improvement.


introduced by Dawid (1984). It is based on the idea that statistical methods should be assessed by means of the validity of the predictions that flow from them, and that such assessments can usefully be extracted from a sequence of realized data-values, by forming, at each intermediate time-point, a forecast for the next value, based on an analysis of earlier values. The main emphasis is on probability forecasting, requiring that one describe current uncertainty about the predictand by means of a fully specified probability distribution. However, point forecasts, or other forms of prediction, can also be accommodated. The purpose of the above paper was to indicate the fertility of the prequential point of view for furthering understanding of traditional concerns of theoretical statistics, such as consistency and efficiency. However, the prequential approach is essentially data-analytic. As such, it is particularly well suited to empirical investigation of the structure and properties of real-world observations, and their sources. In this paper, we shall discuss some of the ways in which prequential assessment may be applied in practical problems, including goodnessof-fit, model choice and density estimation. These methods are illustrated, by means of simulation experiments and applications to real data.


Increasing power demands associated with mobile electronic devices, transportation and renewable energy generation systems require new energy storage technologies with higher specific capacitance, faster charge discharge rates and long term cycle stability. Supercapacitors offer an alternative to conventional power sources (batteries and capacitors) with the potential to deliver energy with a combination of high power and high energy density. Of the many different materials that can be used for supercapacitor electrodes, ranging from high surface area carbon nanomaterials to Faradaic metal oxides, electrochemically conducting polymers (ECPs) have emerged as a low cost alternative with tremendous synthetic and structural versatility. The focus of our research is to utilize various processing and synthesis methods to increase the performance of ECP electrodes by controlling ion-transport and electron transfer processes. First, we show how to synthesize conducting polymer (CP) microtubes with tunable dimensions (length, diameter) using stainless steel mesh substrates with varying wire diameters and spacing. Structure-property relationships were developed to correlate the synthesis conditions with electrochemical performance in energy storage devices. Second, we investigated the use of polymer dopants to directly affect key performance metrics. For example, we integrated poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid), a known proton conductor, to increase the ion transport within the polymer structures. We also investigated the use of lignin, a non-conductive polymer with moderate redox activity, to improve the redox capacitance of the conducting polymer film. Through this work, we demonstrate how electrode composition and morphology influence key metrics of polymer electrodes to design new materials for high-energy supercapacitors.


In the simplest case, the matrix inversion Lemma gives an explicit formula of the inverse of a positive-definite matrix A added to a rank-one matrix bbH as follows:(A + bbH )-1 = A-1-A-1 b(1 + bH A-1b)-1bHA-1. It is well known in the literature that this formula is very useful to develop a recursive least-squares algorithm for the recursive identification of linear systems or the design of adaptive filters. We extend this result to the case when the matrix A is singular and present a matrix pseudo-inversion lemma along with some illustrative examples. Such a singular case may occur in a situation where a given problem is overdeter-mined in the sense that it has more equations than unknowns. This lemma is important in its own right, but in order to show the usefulness of the lemma, we apply it to develop an adaptive super-exponential algorithm for the blind deconvolution of multi-input multi-output systems.


Thin films of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising solar photovoltaic (PV) absorbers in spite of their disordered nature. Disordered PV materials face a power conversion efficiency limit lower than the ideal Shockley–Queisser bound because of increased radiative recombination through band-tail states. However, investigations of band tailing in QD solar cells have been largely restricted to indirect measurements, leaving their ultimate efficiency in question. Here we use photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) to robustly characterize the absorption edge of lead sulfide (PbS) QD films for different bandgaps, ligands, and processing conditions used in leading devices. We also present a comprehensive overview of band tailing in many commercial and emerging PV technologies—including c-Si, GaAs, a-Si:H, CdTe, CIGS, and perovskites—then calculate detailed-balance efficiency limits incorporating Urbach band tailing for each technology. Our PDS measurements on PbS QDs show sharp exponential band tails, w...


The present paper evaluates suitability of two analytical models to determine the propagation of rectangular surface jets as a tool to design fishway attraction flow. It focuses on rectangular orifices of vertical slot fishways with aspect ratios (width-to-height) for 𝑊/𝐻 < 1 . Both models were rewritten to match boundary conditions for fishways because they were initially derived for horizontal orifices. As the basis for the evaluation, the output of the analytical models to RANS simulations for 12 geometries 1/16 ≤ 𝑊/𝐻 ≤ 4 is compared. Applied analytical equations for half-lengths for cases 𝑊/𝐻 ≥ 1/4 are within 5 % of RANS modeling results for all cases. The location of centerline transition locations from analytical models also agree reasonably well with RANS modeling. The findings support efficient design of optimum attraction flow propagation using simple, rapid analytical approaches.


The landscapes and drainage systems of southern Britain are widely considered to have developed during the Cenozoic Period, following the destruction of the shelf sea in which Jurassic and, ultimately, Cretaceous strata were deposited (see review in Gibbard & Lewin, 2003). When this region is studied in greater detail, however, it can be argued that its modern physiography is the culmination of a more fundamental geological inheritance, over hundreds of millions of years. The trunk streams of the Trent catchment system (Fig. 1) demonstrate this, in that they are spatially related to outcrops of Triassic strata (Fig. 2). What are not so obvious are the tectonic factors that have exerted an underlying control over drainage and landscape development. This article briefly assesses the structural framework of the Trent Basin, emphasizing the role that plate tectonics has played in controlling geological and geomorphological evolution through time.


The invention discloses an epoxy resin curing agent, an epoxy resin pouring sealant as well as the relevant preparation methods. The epoxy resin curing agent comprises 10 to 60 diaminodiphenylmethane, 20 to 70 diaminodiphenyl ether or diaminodiphenylsulfone, and 10 to 40 multi-amine curing agent, all calculated in pbw (part by weight). The preparation method for the curing agent comprises the following steps: mixing and heating the substances, raising the temperature to 90-110 DEG C, then stirring for 1 to 3 hours in thermal insulation state, and finally simply cooling the mixture to room temperature. The curing agent is liquid under normal temperature, and mixes well with the epoxy resin. The epoxy resin pouring sealant comprises 100 pbw epoxy resin which has at least two epoxy groups and is liquid under normal temperature, and 10 to 40 pbw epoxy resin curing agent; the preparation method for the pouring sealant comprises the following steps: adding the epoxy resin curing agent into the epoxy resin, mixing for 10 to 30 minutes, then debubble in vacuum state for 10 to 30 minutes, and finally simply removing the vacuum state. The transition temperature of vitrification for the pouring sealant thus acquired is pretty high, and the compound of epoxy resin cured is excellent in electromechanical and thermal performance.


Abstract Technology-based installation art, or media art, presents special problems for conservators. These problems were addressed at TechArchaeology: A Symposium on Installation Art Preservation. This article, a result of the symposium, discusses conservation issues presented by the works of two artists in the exhibition Seeing Time: Selections from the Pamela and Richard Kramlich Collection of Media Art, which was on display at the museum during the symposium. Of the two artists, Steve Mcqueen was present at the symposium and was one of the participants; Eija-Liisa Ahtila was contacted and expressed her views after the symposium. A discussion of these works and the conservation issues and concerns surrounding them is presented, followed by discussion of the broader issues presented by media art.


In their investigations of pine cone and seed insects, U. S. Forest Service entomologists at the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station have reared a species of Laspeyresia which is undescribed. The orange-like coloration of the moth distinguishes this species immediately from all other known members of the genus; no other described species of Laspeyresia approaches such a hue. Laspeyresia ingens, which is a superficially gray moth, appears to be the nearest relative. The new species is described below and given the specific name anaranjada, the Spanish adjective meaning orange.


The Thailand economic monitor reviews major developments and challenges in the areas of poverty reduction, the real economy, financial and corporate sector reform, public sector reform, and medium-term competitiveness. This economic monitor depicts an economy in expansion that is likely to recover its pre-crisis levels of output and welfare within two or three years. As the economy recovers, the major challenge is to maintain the momentum of institutional and policy reform and to shift the focus from crisis management to medium-term economic and social development. The monitor shows that while the policy and institutional framework is largely in place, implementation in some areas needs to be accelerated. Thailand needs to more rapidly reduce the volume of non-performing loans and to improve the pace and quality of corporate debt restructuring, while improving the effectiveness of its bankruptcy and debt recovery laws. A critical part of the reform program will be to provide momentum to development and usage of information technology - an area where Thailand is currently lagging - but which will be essential for the country to compete in the new knowledge economy. This monitor responds to increasing demand for information on Thailand's reform program.


The tasks facing the educational system of the Russian Federation impose essentially new requirements to preparing pedagogical specialists. The modern teacher, capable to provide flexible individual-based training and education, formation of the skills necessary for innovative development of the country, capable to develop creative abilities of the pupils, the central one being the «ability to study independently», has himself to own essentially different from traditional means of the organization of educational process.


In order to study the resistance mechanism of nutrients content of alfalfa damaged by thrips,four alfalfa clones(HA-3、Ta、M8、Ja)damaged by thrips were chose in this study to measure the changes of nutrients content.The result showed that the contents of crude protein,crude fat and digestible crude protein in the leaves of 4alfalfa clones were less significantly than the control(P0.05),the contents of crude fiber and crude ash were higher significantly than the control(P0.05),the contents of nitrogen-free extract decreased in the leaves of HA-3and Ta,but increased in the leaves of M8 and Ja.The content of crude protein and digestible crude protein in the stems of 4alfalfa clones were higher significantly than the control(P0.05),the content of crude fat was not significantly difference compare to the control(P0.05),the content of crude fiber and nitrogenfree extract were less significantly than the control(P0.05).All above showed that HA-3alfalfa was better than others,Ja alfalfa was the poorest one.


Using 1761-L16BWA PLC of MicroLogix1000 TM of AB company,the control system of automatic vehicle in automatic line was developed,and the control system based on Single-Chip was replaced to overcome such problems as different communications between users and controllers,and inconvenient modifications of technological parameters and maintenance and so on.In this system,a motor for walking and two motors for lifting were controlled to perform the whole technological process,meanwhile,such functions as monitoring of programs and modifications of technological parameters were realized by RS232 communication interface.Practical running shows that the performances of system are reliable and the effect is better and the system can meet the technological requirements of automatic line.


Wavelength of the source of light is a critical factor in the growth of algae. In this study, red laser irradiation was experimentally tested to determine if faster algae growth might be achieved when compared with that of the white light LED irradiation. Five individual lasers having the following wavelengths (635 nm, 650 nm, 680 nm, 685 nm and 700 nm) were employed to generate photons with emission spectra corresponding to the absorption spectra of pigments within Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae; this was with a view to enhancing transportation within the electron pathway between photosystems II and I, thus anticipating increase in rate of cell division. C. reinhardtii algae successfully grew and divided under exposure to both the red lasers and that of the LED when each was applied individually. The best laboratory results were obtained by using the 680 nm or 700 nm red laser as it increased the rate of cell division by 2.4 times that of the white light LED, this was followed by the 650 nm laser with 1.96 times enhancement. For the wavelengths 635 nm or 685 nm, the LED performed better (4 times that of the 635 nm laser and 1.21 times that of the 685 nm laser. In comparison to the open pond under natural daylight cycles, the 680 nm, 700 nm, 650 nm and 685 nm lasers showed enhancement of 5.16, 5.16, 4.21 and  1.75 times respectively. For the wavelength 635 nm, the open pond performed better (3.2 times that of the 635 nm laser). The pH was maintained between 6.9 and 8.1, with temperatures maintained between 19.00 oC and 25.00 oC.


Introduction: Existing data regarding the relative position of the various bony landmarks of the orbit suggest that the position of these landmarks may vary depending on the racial population studied. The present study will provide useful baseline orbital morphometric data in Eastern Indian population. Aim: To study the morphometric data of the different orbital dimensions, fissures and foramens of dry skulls in Eastern Indian region. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the department of Anatomy, of a Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from January 2016 to June 2020. Total 101 adult dry skulls (71 male and 30 female) collected from the departments of Anatomy of four medical colleges were included in the study. Orbital height, breadth, index, distance between Supraorbital Notch/foramen (SON) to Superior Orbital Fissure distance (SOF), the Anterior Lacrimal Crest (ALC) to Posterior Lacrimal Crest (PLC), ALC to the medial border of the optic canal, orbital floor and lateral wall were measured. Results: Based on Orbital Index (OI) 39.12% skulls were found to be in mesoseme, 50.5% in microseme and 10.4% in megaseme category, both genders taken together. The mean SON to SOF distance was 42.48 mm in males and 41.52 mm in females. Mean Infraorbital Foramen (IF) to Inferior Orbital Fissure (IOF) distance was 22.4 mm in males and 22.26 mm in females. Average Frontozygomatic Suture (FZ) to Inferior Orbital Fissure (IOF) was 24.35 mm whereas it was 32.97 mm for the ALC to Optic canal (OC) distance. Conclusion: Most of the skulls studies belonged to the microseme category. Orbital height and breadth were significantly higher in males compared to females.


Thesis with the title "Use of Webtoon Media in Improving Drama Script Writing Skills for Class VIII MTs Al-Muslihun Blitar" was written by Ayu


Within the thermodynamic framework with internal variables, the classical Hamilton's principle for elastic bodies is extended to inelastic bodies composed of materials whose free energy densities are point functions of internal variables, or the so‑termed Green-inelastic bodies, subject to finite deformation and non-conservative external forces. Yet this general result holds true even without the Green-inelasticity presumption under a more general interpretation of the infinitesimal internal rearrangement. Three special cases are discussed following the generalized form: (a) the Green-elastic bodies whose free energy can be identified with the strain energy; (b) the Green-inelastic bodies composed of materials compliant with the additive decomposition of strain; and (c) the Green-inelastic bodies undergoing isothermal relaxation processes where the thermodynamic forces conjugate to internal variables, or the so-termed internal forces prove to be potential forces. This paper can be viewed as an extension of Yang et al. [1].


The chemical compositions of biodiesel are analyzed by GC-MS, and their molecular structures are investigated on the basis of the hybrid orbital theory. The CFPP of biodiesel is studied by CFPP tester, the solution crystallization theory and the similarity-intermiscibility principle. Good correlation models are proposed for predict CFPP of biodiesel by chemical compositions and the CFPP of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends by biodiesel ratio. The study shows that biodiesel is mainly composed of SFAME (C14:0~C24:0) and UFAME (C16:1~C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3 ). Carbon atoms of the alkyl for SFAME arrange in a zigzag pattern by ∠CCC=109.5°. C-C carbon atoms of the alkenyl arrange in a zigzag pattern by ∠CCC=109.5°, too, carbon chain is curved by C=C in ∠CCC=122.0°, and curved degree increases with increasing unsaturated degree. CFPP of biodiesel is mainly determined by chemical compositions. CFPP increases with the amount and carbon chain length of SFAME. CFPP of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends is mainly determined by chemical compositions and ratio of biodiesel. To lower SFAME≥C20:0 biodiesel, such as PME, CSME, WME, SBME and RME, it blending with -10PD can formed a eutectic mixture. CFPP of the eutectic mixture is -12 °C. The biodiesel ratio for the lowest CFPP rang increases with decreasing SFAME. Such as SFAME contents in PME, CSME, WME, SBME and RME are 35.86、32.12、31.04、18.29 and 14.69 w% respectively, and the range of biodiesel ratio is 5~20、10~20、20~30、30~50 and 40~60 v% respectively. To higher SFAME≥C20:0 biodiesel, such as PNME, CFPP increases with PNME ratio.


Letters Save the 100-inch To us old astronomers, it is a crying shame to mothball the Hooker 100-inch _telescope just because the Los Angeles light pollution and smog blank it out (Sep- tember issue, page 203). It is a great tele- scope and was used to make many discov- eries from the 1930's to the 1960's. I sug- gest that the Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington make a present of the 100-inch to some group in Australia. Argentina, or South Africa at about 34° south latitude. There the mounting, designed for 34° north, could be installed with the polar ax- is facing south. With only minor modifi- cations the old telescope could continue its career in the Southern Hemisphere, where there is plenty to be done. THORNTON PAGE 18639 Point Lookout Dr. Houston, Tex. 77058 FG Sagittae FG Sagittae is one of the most remarka- ble objects in the sky. It is the central star of a planetary nebula and has changed from spectral type B in 1955 to late G or early K today. Page 309 of the October, 1984, issue states that FG Sagittae is bi- nary; however, the star is actually single. There was a report of duplicity in the mid-1970's, but more recent studies, such as that reported by Ross D. Cohen and his colleagues in the July, 1980. issue of the Astronomical Journal, have found no evi- dence that FG Sagittae is a binary. KEN CROSWELL Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden St. Cambridge, Mass. 02138 One Good Turn Tlfis is surely too obvious to need saying, but people do change with time. And in later years, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (September issue, page 225) was enor- mously generous and encouraging to her younger female colleagues (including the present writer). The only more obvious remark is that another astronomer who has been enor- mously generous and encouraging to those (again including the present writer) who followed on the trails she helped to blaze is the former director of Maria Mitchell Ob- servatory, custodian of the Yale Bright Star Catalogue, and your reviewer, E. Dor- q' H°m°q' VIRGINIA TRIMBLE Astronomy Program University of Maryland College Park, Md. 20742 100 Sin' Tscop£, February. 1985 Telescope Kit As a teenager I built a very realistic model of the 200-inch telescope from a kit advertised in the January, 1949, issue of SKY & TELESCOPE (page 72). I still have the model, but it has deteriorated consid- erably. My attempts to purchase another kit by locating the original seller have been unsuccessful. I would be interested in hearing from anyone who has one of the kits or one of the assembled models, or can provide a lead in locating either. EUGENE E. EPSTEIN Radio Astronomy Program Aerospace Corp. Box 92957 Los Angeles, Calif. 90009 Ritchey Biography I am collecting material for a full-length scientific biography of George W. Ritchey (1864-1945), the noted American telescope maker and astronomer. I have seen nearly all his published scientific papers, and many letters that he wrote and received, but I would welcome any other letters, clippings, articles, reminiscences of co- workers, and the like. I am especially in- terested in hearing from surviving relatives who might have information about his family and early life. DONALD E. OSTERBROCK Lick Observatory University of California Santa Cruz, Calif. 95064 God and the Eclipse The review of Paul Davies' book God and the New Physics (September, 1984, page 229) prompted me to think again of certain evidence that could be utilized for the teleological argument for God's existence. And, as reviewer Denis Dutton says. the new evidence is no better than the old. However, for me the following are just reflections, as I am decidedly a skeptic. On the Earth, eclipses of the Sun are very delicate phenomena. Sometimes the Moon is barely big enough to hide the Sun. The beauty of the corona and promi- nences is shown to maximum advantage but with tantalizing brevity and in eclipse paths so narrow that most inhabitants nev- er see a total eclipse. How does it happen that these are the conditions on the only body in the solar system — as far as we know — inhabited by beings to whom con- cepts like beauty, rarity, and brevity mean something? From some other worlds, solar eclipses are produced by bodies that appear much larger than the Sun in the sky, producing long, more frequent eclipses that however lack the brilliant coronal display. From yet other worlds there is nothing that ap- pears large enough to hide the Sun com- pletely. Furthermore, remember that the Moon is slowly receding from the Earth. In the past, before humans existed, the Moon was so large it covered the Sun in eclipses that were long but relatively un- pleasing aesthetically. In the future, after the Earth ceases to be inhabited by people, the Moon will appear too small to cover the Sun. What about transits of Venus? At pres- ent we are in a rare period when transits occur in pairs eight years apart, separated by intervals of more than a century. Most of the time, in the past and future, transits are singular. Note that the brief period of paired transits began not long before hu- man beings developed the sophistication to predict and observe these events. By the time the pairings end, space travel may have become so commonplace that astro- n0_mical_events mayno longer be thought of in a purely earthly perspective. Why think much about the transit of Venus when you are going to Venus next week? On the other hand, by then war on Earth may have destroyed technological civiliza- tion, or an Orwellian high-tech society may have deprived people of the opportunity or inclination to do astronomical observing. THOMAS A. HART P. O. Box 11263 Memphis, Tenn. 38111 Sounds from Meteors On page 388 of the November, 1984, is- sue. you carried a letter from Alan Paine and Dave Powell concerning sounds from meteors. Perhaps an account of a meteor I once heard will interest your readers. My experience took place one night during the summer of 1929 or 1930 near Atlanta, Georgia. A group of us had climbed a ridge to watch a meteor shower, but we had very little success. As we start- ed back down about 11:00 p.m., the ridge was bathed in light as a brilliant meteor passed overhead moving southward. Be- fore it passed out of sight we were startled by a sharp, loud crack. I would estimate that the meteor was visible for no more than two or three sec- onds. The sound reached us within one or two seconds —— probably closer to one — after the meteor passed directly overhead. If the noise was a sonic boom, its quick ar- rival implied that the meteor passed no more than 1,000 feet or so above us, a seemingly improbable event. The sound itself resembled the qcrackq that a 30-caliber rifle bullet makes upon striking a heavy paper target, only louder. I would appreciate hearing from anyone who has had a comparable experience. M. LINWOOD BECK 1892 Greystone Rd., NW. Atlanta, Ga. 30318


Microcalorimeters operating at cryogenic temperatures can be excellent X-ray spectrometers. They simultaneously offer very high spectral resolving power and high efficiency. These attributes are important for X-ray astronomy where most sources have low fluxes and where high spectral resolution is essential for understanding the physics of the emitting regions. The principles of operation of these detectors, limits to their sensitivity, design considerations, techniques of fabrication, and their performance as X-ray spectrometers, are reviewed.


We present a novel technique to calculate the transmission and reflection properties of inhomogeneous lossy transmission lines. It is based on a perturbation expansion of the relevant telegrapher's equation around the homogeneous solution. The method reveals that the transmission properties are unaffected to first order in the impedance and admittance, while reflection properties are modified by first-order terms. Extending the analysis to second order, we find correction terms for both transmission and reflection. These allow us to understand the statistical properties of the information bearing capacity and the echo of the inhomogeneous transmission line. The correction to the transmission properties is fully reciprocal, despite the absence of any symmetry properties. We compute scaling laws for echo and capacity.


In spring 2016, the President's Office at California State University-Fresno (part of the California State University system) offered grant opportunities for academic departments to create a community engagement program for students interested in supporting the Fresno community at large. Known as the Touch the Community project, the program solicited proposals that focused on a community concern and on how to address this issue. Several proposals were selected and funded ($2,000) by the President's Office for the duration of two academic semesters. Some of these grant projects involved service-learning components: building computer labs, creating ESL programs, and engaging with K–12 students.


In American culture, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) represents an opportunity for life when death occurs. We first embraced this perspective as a society, albeit tentatively, and now demand it for ourselves and loved ones. CPR, an invasive and aggressive life-sustaining treatment, differs from other life-sustaining treatments in that consent for it is implied. When needed, CPR is administered emergently. While CPR continues to successfully restore cardiorespiratory function to some patients with severe illness, particularly persons who suffer acute coronary syndromes and cardiocirculatory collapse during surgery, CPR often prolongs dying in patients with multiple or advanced illnesses. CPR was first used as a curative intervention reviving healthy persons who nearly drowned or experienced lethal cardiac arrythmias during general anesthesia. The closed chest maneuvers we are familiar with today were developed and refined by Kouwenhoven and colleagues. CPR was first adopted for implementation by physicians within hospitals with the intent of saving individuals who experienced sudden cardiac cessation. Gradually, the maneuvers were taught to other health care professionals and, lastly, the general public. Rapid advances in life-sustaining therapies, which include pharmacologic treatment and technologic procedures such as mechanical ventilation, electrical defibrillation, and venous/arterial cannulation, extended CPR beyond simple closed chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing. Today, CPR with all the technologic trimmings comprises the minimum "standard of care" for any individual in cardiopulmonary arrest. Recognizing that CPR was inadvisable for some patients, many hospitals created and implemented Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) guidelines for use with patients whose hope for meaningful survival was grim due to


A double-contact-point insertion-type fixed contact structure comprises stationary pressing plates, stationary contact finger plates, and contact fingers arranged on the contact finger plates. Contact finger springs are arranged between the contact fingers and the pressing plates, such that a double-contact-point fixed contact is formed. When a moving contact is inserted in the double-contact-point fixed contact, the contact fingers are jacked; because limited by the contact finger plates, the contact fingers only can move in directions perpendicular to the moving contact; and the moving contact is inserted further deeply, the positions of the contact fingers are unchanged, namely, the insertion depth of the moving contact is unrelated to a contact pressure. The double-contact-point insertion-type fixed contact structure is advantageous in that a double-contact-point fixed contact is adopted, and each contact finger has two contact points with the moving contact, such that current conductivity is greatly improved; the contact pressure is unrelated to the insertion depth of the moving contact. The following results are verified through experiments: it needs 16 pairs of contact fingers in the prior art to enable the conduction of 1.2 *4000A current, while, it only needs seven pairs of contact fingers to enable the conduction of 1.2 * 4000A current with the double-contact-point insertion-type fixed contact structure of the utility model adopted.


1. RECENT experiments by Olszewski on hydrogen ( Phil. Mag. , May 1902), and on air and nitrogen ( Phil. Mag. , June 1907), have exhibited results which are not in accordance with theoretical deductions based upon Van der Waal's equation of state (Dewar, Proc. Roy. Soc , March 1904; Porter, Phil. Mag. , April 1906; Hamilton Dickson, Phil. Mag. , January 1908). An inversion temperature is not necessarily limited by the condition, which was satisfied in the porous-plug experiment of Joule and Kelvin, that the initial and final pressures should be nearly equal. In Olszewski's experiments that condition was widely departed from. Taking account of large differences of pressure, Dickson shows that Van der Waal's equation leads to the result that the inversion temperature must fall when the initial pressure increases, the final pressure being kept constant. Olszewski's experimental results are opposed to this conclusion; and Dickson suggests, as a possible cause of the discrepancy, an appreciable difference between the initial and final values of the kinetic energy. The following reasoning seems to indicate that such a difference would not alter the nature of the theoretical conclusion.


For loss equal to squared error of prediction, Kempthorne(l984) has proved that all variable-selection procedures are admissible for choosing among least-squares fits of a normal linear regression model. We extend this result to the case of a normal linear regression model in which the form of the expected response vector is misspecified.


The extent to which collective agreements can be reviewed against the general principle of equality has been disputed for decades. Nevertheless, even today there is still no comprehensible review scheme for Art. 3 (1) of the German Constitution. The author fills this gap by developing a problem-oriented, concrete procedure for examining the equality of collective bargaining norms, taking into account current labour court case law. In addition, the work considers the fundamental question of the collective bargaining parties' commitment to fundamental rights from a new perspective and highlights the influence of the European Court of Justice.


ABSTRACT Oil disposal in the marine environment leads to severe harm to marine life. Oil spills clean-up by adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost. Extra credit is added when the adsorption material utilized is an agricultural or an industrial- agricultural waste. In terms of price, environmentally sustainable products and abundance, rice straw is an appealing adsorbent for this purpose. In this research, a new sorbent fabricated by adding rice straw to synthetic hydrophobic sorbent material, namely; RP 18 was studied. The results of the present study indicate that rice straw could, successfully, be used to remove crude oil from oily water. The removal efficiency of rice straw reached 94.7% for effluents with low oil concentrations and the adsorption capacity was 6.67 g oil/g rice straw. A synthetic hydrophobic material (RP 18, produced by OPEC) is also tested for its ability to absorb oil preferentially. Its absorbance capacity was 12 g oil/g sorbent. The experimental results obtained are used to develop a new design for an oil filter for marine pollution fighting. A technique for recycling of the synthetic material and recovery of the oil is illustrated.


Abstract Rf, values of DMSO complexes of some metal ions in twelve solvent systems are given. The separation of Zn and Hg DMSO complexes from others have been achieved in Water and in n-butyl alcohol respectively by using paper chromatography. Some other possible separations are also reported.


In the presence of arbitrary array errors and angle mismatch, performance on target detection and angle estimation will be degraded due to steering vector mismatch. Thus, a robust target detection and estimation algorithm for airborne STAP radar is developed. First, utilizing the spatial-temporal coupling property of the ground clutter, array steering vectors are well estimated by fine Doppler localization of the mainlobe clutter. Then, the robust subspace detector spanned by these estimated array steering vectors is developed, which can improve the detection performance for the targets not located in the look direction. Finally, target angle estimation using subspace coefficients, which implements the ML estimator in a reduced-dimensional version, is presented to reduce the computational complexity of the ML estimator. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.


This paper summarizes findings of a national, multi-institutional effort to reform STEM undergraduate education through the implementation of graduate student professional development programs focused on improving teaching practice. This paper describes the work of the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning (CIRTL) including: (a) its philosophical pillars; (b) the types of opportunities offered to graduate students; and (c) the types of interactions within the network to promote learning and development inter-institutionally. In addition, the paper draws upon the data collected over the last seven years as part of an on-going case study of the multi-institutional network to discuss (a) evidence of success, (b) obstacles to succeeding in implementing these programs, and (c) future challenges for CIRTL as an expanding inter-institutional network.


Glass has a high compressive strength and low impact strength. The strength of glass in compression is a lot higher than the strength of glass in tension, and it varies within the range of 500-1,250 MPa. Whenever the glass is in compression, it can compete with the properties of metal in terms of its strength. The tensile strength of glass under tension is 30-50 MPa. The reason for that is the fact that the strength of glass is strongly dependent on the state of its surface. Methods of increasing the strength of glass have been the subject of research projects implemented at Far Eastern Federal University. The objective is to apply compressive stresses that would prevent any defects in the surface layer and harden the surface to improve the glass resistance to mechanical stresses and isolate it from the environment. Creation of a composite rod made of glass grade C49-1 (3С5Na) and steel E235C (ISO standard) manufactured through the employment of diffusion bonding represents a practical result of the research. Its analysis has proven the presence of full contact, absence of cracks and poor penetration alongside the welding zone. Microscopy methods of analysis have demonstrated the presence of the transition zone in the points of interface of materials. The results of the spectral analysis prove the penetration of Fe-cations into the glass down to the depth of 30 microns. The chemical analysis of the zone of diffusion proves that the crystalline structure, or fayalite (Fe2SiO4), is formed in the glass. The rod strength analysis has demonstrated its high compressive


The next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model can host light neutralino dark matter with mass of order GeV scale. It is dominated by the singlino component as a result of approximate Peccei-Quinn symmetry. This paper is devoted to address the question how light such neutralino dark matter can be in the light of the LHC Run 1 data as well as the latest LUX and Xenon1T limits. In particular, we show the sensitivity of parameter space of dark matter mass with respect to $Z$ boson and SM Higgs invisible decay.


Model results show that the fracture resistance of a layered structure can be significantly enhanced by introducing weak layers next to a damage prone area. The fracture resistance increase is due to simultaneous multiple cracks/delaminations. Cohesive zone modelling is being used to verify analytical predictions under pure mode I and mix mode loading. It is shown that for a wide range of cohesive law parameters, numerical predictions agree well quantitatively with the theoretical model. The most important parameters controlling whether a secondary crack forms is the peak cohesive traction value and the ply thickness. Thus, it can be argued that it is possible to enhance the fracture resistance of a structure considerably by controlling interfaces and create weak layers.


Abstract Background and Purpose: Agent-based modelling and simulation (ABS) is growing in many areas like, e.g., management, social and computer sciences. However, the similar trend does not seem to occur within the field of business process management (BPM), even though simulation approaches like discrete event simulation or system dynamics are well established and widely used. Thus, in our paper we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of agent-based modelling and simulation in the field of BPM in simulation experiments. Design/Methodology/Approach: In our research, we investigate if there is a necessity for ABS in the field of BPM with our own simulation experiments to compare traditional and ABS models. For this purpose, we use simulation framework MAREA, which is a simulation environment with integrated ERP system. Our model is a complex system of a trading company selling computer cables. For the verification of our model, we use automated process discovery techniques. Results: In our simulations, we investigated the impact of changes in resources' behavior on the outcome of company's order to cash process (O2C). Simulations experiments demonstrated that even small changes might have statistically significant effect on outcomes of the processes and decisions based on such outcomes. Simulation experiments also demonstrated that the impact of randomly distributed fluctuations of well-being have a diminishing tendency with the increasing number of sales representatives involved in the process. Conclusions: Our research revealed several advantages and disadvantages of using ABS in business process modelling. However, as we show, many of them were at least partially addressed in the recent years. Thus, we believe that ABS will get more attention in the field of BPM similarly to other fields like, e.g., social sciences. We suggested areas in BPM simulations, e.g., modelling of resources, be it human or technological resources, where there is a need for ABS.


As an education provider, it is our Mission to crea te Wisdom in the Learning of students. Never before is there a Need to instill a Wisdom in people, as we are facing the intensity of globalization and borderless world. These happening s have led us to live with Diversity and constant Change. One well-known teaching in Thailand is Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) based on the foundation of Knowledge and Integrity. The strategy can be formulated on sufficiency with reason and carefulness. The concept would lead to sustainability of people living. Sufficiency Economy Philosophy is Thailand's nation al agenda for Twenty Year National Planand being included in curriculum at al l educational levels and applied by farmercorporation, and entrepreneurs throughout the country. The United Nations prioritizes this Philosophy at t he center of its Agenda. Therefore, it is worth sharing this Philosophy with Chinese American Scholars Association for the following objectives. 1 Analyzing how is SEP transformable into wisdom to ward peace 2 Finding out whether there is a teaching of Econom ic Sufficiency Principle in Leadership program 3 Building an opportunity to produce online media f or SEP learning. Key Word: Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, Wisdom, Leadershi p Gayle C. Avery and Harold Bergsteiner (2016) Unexpected Role Model" stated that Thailand is intr oducing nationfrom schools and universities to agriculture, community development, the environment, prisons, business and public policy. By implementing the S of Thailand bestowed on his people, after the financial crisis of 1996 or universally known as Tom Yum Gung Crisis. T his country has been and sustainability. They further explained that sufficiency thinking wi thin the Philosophy seeks to balance the economic, societal, nvironmental and cultural spheres by following a middle path characterized by decisions a d actions that are moderate, reasonable and prudent. The presumption is that individuals, fa will embrace virtuous values that, when coupled wit h decide and act with wisdom 2 In 1997, after an overadecade experienced a significant setback as the Thai baht, which was the n fixed to a basket of foreign hit Sufficiency Economy Philosophy 2 1 in their article "Thailand sustainable thinking across the ufficiency Economy Philosophy(SEP) that the late striving for outcomes of well milies, organizations, communities and societies appropriate knowledge, enable them to long period of double digit growth, Thailand currencies comprising mainly the US dollar, was by massive speculative attacks. The resulting decision of the Royal Thai Government to float the baht, together with Thai l nd's high level of foreign debt at that time, has have led to the collapse country financial system. There were massive Wisdom Right Mindset Well – withoutPersecution exploit E-Leader Vietnam 2020


The utility model discloses an extendable H-type steel beam. The extendable H-type steel beam is formed by welding a H-type steel beam and linear cross beams integrally, wherein the two linear cross beams are horizontally welded on each longitudinal beam of the H-type steel beam respectively, so that a left bayonet and a right bayonet are formed. Based on the structure, the upper, lower, left and right bayonets are formed on the steel beam, so that other components can horizontally extend to the four directions conveniently through the bayonets. As a result, the extension flexibility of the extendable H-type steel beam is enhanced.


We present a new method for the modeling of freehand collected three-dimensional ultrasound data. The model is piecewise linear and based upon progressive tetrahedral domains created by a subdivision scheme which splits a tetrahedron on on its longest edge and guarantees a valid tetrahedrization. Least squares error is used to characterize the model and an effective iterative technique is used to compute the values of the model at the vertices of the tetrahedral grid. Since the subdivision strategy is adaptive, the complexity of the model conforms to the complexity of the data leading to an extremely efficient and highly compressed volume model. The model is evaluated in real time using piecewise linear interpolation, and gives a medical professional the chance to see images which would not be possible using conventional ultrasound techniques.


We have studied topology of the distribution of the high-redshift galaxies identified in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) North and South. The two-dimensional genus is measured from the projected distributions of the HDF galaxies at angular scales from 3.″8 to 6.″1. We have also divided the samples into three redshift slices with roughly equal numbers of galaxies using photometric redshifts to see possible evolutionary effects on the topology. The genus curve of the HDF-N clearly indicates clustering of galaxies over the Poisson distribution, while the clustering is somewhat weaker in the HDF-S. This clustering is mainly due to the nearer galaxies in the samples. We have also found that the genus curve of galaxies in the HDF is consistent with the Gaussian random phase distribution with no statistically significant redshift dependence.


A number of data models have been proposed in the literature to improve the usability of database systems. Most of these proposals have not been implemented. It is felt that a working implementation is a necessary prerequisite for a serious study of these proposals. So far, implementing data models has been a daunting task, requiring a large team. We report here on a simple implementation technique using the persistent algorithmic language. PS‐algol, which promises to make the task of implementing data models a manageable one. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by implementing an entity‐based functional data model (extended function data model) using PS‐algol.


The annealing treatment of ZnO thin film at various temperatures was performed. The effect of this treatment on the optical properties of ZnO thin film were investigated in order to apply this film to optoelectronic devices. The optical transmittance spectra  were measured and it was found that the transmittance in UV-VIS region decreased with annealing temperature . The loss of light is mainly due to  the increase of carrier density, resulting from increased oxygen vacancies during the annealing process at 300°C. It was also found that the absorption edge shifted to lower energy when the film was annealed at 300°C in air.


In new optical pulse generator using delayedinterference-signal-wavelength-converter (DISC)-type all-optical gate, we injected sinusoidally modulated light to ring cavity. With this way, externally modulated laser oscillation and mode-locked pulse laser oscillation occurred. These generated pulse's widths and repetition frequencies are 27 ps, 10.5 GHz and 2.1 ps, 10.5 GHz, respectively. Keywords-mode-locking; all-optical; semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA); optical pulse generator


A whole range of dangerous substances and harmful organicand inorganic materials are transported daily through thesystem of traffic and tourist environment and flows. The use ofthese substances covers a wide range: in the production ofdrugs, agrotechnical protective means, fertilisers, paint and varnish,po(vmers, detergents, fuel, and in other industries.Within the strategy of environmental protection and thetourist and traffic surrounding, the producers and traffic societiestake relatively good care about the so-called technologicalsafety during the production, handling and transport of thedangerous substances.According to the legislation, the obligations accepted fromthe Base{ Convention, and conclusions of the United NationsConference on Environment and Development (UNCED) etc.,the elimination of the harmful ma ller and waste from the Croatianecological environment has a strategic objective, althoughthe necesswy protective measures have not been unde1takenand organised completely yet, just as the knowledge in case ofmajor accidents with dangerous material has not been acquiredyet.In the transport environment and the tourist flows it is necessaryto strengthen the control of selection, development andintroduction of the technologies that include dangerous substances.On the other hand, the technologies that represent anexcessively big risk regarding accidents, with the possibility ofendangering the inhabitants, goods and eco-environment,should be strongly opposed to.


The effect of nucleating agents on the polymorphic crystallization behavior of poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) was studied with four kinds of commercially available nucleating agents, such as talc and boron nitride. The crystal structures of the α and β forms were studied with wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The β-to-α-crystal transformation of PBA in the absence and presence of the nucleating agents in isothermal crystallization and nonisothermal crystallization processes was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. In both isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization, the introduction of nucleating agents selectively initiated the nucleation of the α-form crystal, which was relatively slow in the absence of nucleating agents. The nucleating activity of the four kinds of nucleating agents in the crystallization of the PBA α-form crystal was determined by the study of the nonisothermal crystallization, spherulite morphology, and isothermal kinetics.


A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, National Post Graduate College, Barhalganj, Gorakhpur (U.P.), India, in 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in RBD with ten treatments replicated three times. Treatments were consisted of control (no fertilizer added), F.Y.M., Vermicompost and Azotobactor and RDF (NPK @ 150kg: 100kg: 50kg per ha). The observations were recorded on various growth, yield related traits and shelf life of turnip and subjected to statistical analysis. The results revealed that maximum plant height T9 (56.33cm), no. of leaves (20.33), leaf length (52.07cm), Leaf width (17.67cm), Crown diameter (5.55cm), Tuber weight (388.55g), tuber length (8.09cm), root diameter (12.25cm), Fresh weight of whole plant (645.85g), Tuber yield/plot (5.05kg) and Yield/ha (41.41tn), Shelf life (17.11days) were recorded with the treatment T9 (RDF 20% + Vermicompost @ 40% + Azotobactor @ 40%), while control exhibited very poor performance for these traits. These findings have drawn the conclusion that integrated nutrient management significantly enhanced the growth, yield and shelf life of turnip with more profitable cost benefit ratio (3.70).


Abstract Drawing from job demands- resources model (JD-R), we examine how patient incivility (PI) is linked with nurses' unethical behavior (UB) and patient-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (POCB) through surface acting. Further, we introduced receiving help from colleagues as a boundary condition in the surface acting–unethical behavior and surface acting–POCB relationships. Two- wave multi source data gathered from 339 nurses and their colleagues working in various private hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. We found support for the two contrasting hypotheses that patient incivility (PI) is positively associated with nurses' unethical behavior (UB) and negatively associated with patient-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (POCB) with the mediating role of surface acting. Receiving help from colleagues moderates surface acting–unethical behavior relationship such that it mitigates the negative effects of surface acting on unethical behavior whereas no moderation was found for surface acting–POCB relationship.


Self-Management: A Promising Approach? Vincent S. Fan, M.D., M.P.H., and David B. Coultas, M.D. Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Health Services Research and Development, Seattle, Washington; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and SleepMedicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon


Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by the loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurones and glutamate overactivity. There is substantial evidence to suggest that oestrogens prevent or delay the disease. 17β‐oestradiol has neuroprotective effects in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD and modulates brain NMDA receptors. In MPTP‐lesioned mice, oestrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ are important in 17β‐oestradiol‐induced neuroprotection. To evaluate the role of ERs in the response of NMDA receptors to lesion, we compared wild‐type (WT) with ER knockout (KO) C57Bl/6 male mice that received 7, 9 or 11 mg/kg of MPTP. These mice were also treated with MPTP (9 mg/kg) and 17β‐oestradiol. [3H]Ro 25‐6981 specific binding autoradiography was used to label NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits. In the frontal and cingulate cortex and striatum, vehicle‐treated WT mice had higher [3H]Ro 25‐6981 specific binding compared to ERKO mice. Cortical [3H]Ro 25‐6981 specific binding decreased with increasing doses of MPTP in WT and ERKOα but not ERKOβ mice, whereas a dose‐related decrease was only observed in the striatum of WT mice remaining low in ERKOα and ERKOβ mice. No effect of 17β‐oestradiol treatment in intact or MPTP‐lesioned mice of all three genotypes was observed in the cortex, whereas it increased striatal specific binding of intact ERKOβ and MPTP‐lesioned WT mice. Striatal [3H]Ro 25‐6981 specific binding positively correlated with striatal DA concentrations only in WT mice. MPTP and 17β‐oestradiol treatments had more limited effects in the hippocampus. Only in the CA3 and dentate gyrus did vehicle and 17β‐oestradiol‐treated ERKOα mice have higher [3H]Ro 25‐6981 specific binding than WT and ERKOβ mice, whereas MPTP decreased this specific binding only in the CA1, CA2 and CA3 of ERKOα mice. Hence, brain NMDA receptors were affected by the deletion of ERs, which affect the response to MPTP and 17β‐oestradiol treatments with brain region specificity.


In a bicategory of spans (an example of a 'generic bicategory') the factorization of a span (s,t) as the span (s,1) followed by (1,t) satisfies a simple universal property with respect to all factorizations in terms of the generic bicategory structure. Here we show that this universal property can in fact be used to characterize bicategories of spans. This characterization of spans is very different from the others in that it does not mention any adjointness conditions within the bicategory.


Based on the HFT machining technique of spiral bevel gear, a simulation model was established and a series of discrete points were obtained through compiling emulator.According to the method, a mathematical model of the tooth surface was established by non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS), which was validated by an example.


In rice, which is an important crop of Himachal Pradesh (92,000 ha, 96,000 tonnes production @ 1.04 t/ha), fertility and weed management are the most important agronomic practices that limit the yield per unit area. In this state use of N fertilizer is very low (15.1 kg/ha) as against 106.9 kg/ha in Punjab and 30.2 kg/ha national average.


This paper discusses the abilities of two different low-Reynolds-number ε − k eddy-viscosity models in resolving the complex physical features that arises in turbulent flows around a square cylinder at Re=22000. For the modeling of turbulence, the Launder & Sharma (LS) [1] and Kawamura & Kawashima (KK) [2] low-Re ε − k models have been employed. The present numerical results were obtained using a two-dimensional finitevolume code. The pressure field is obtained with the well-known SIMPLE algorithm. Advective volume-face fluxes are approximated using a bounded version of the upstream quadratic interpolation scheme, QUICK. Comparisons of the numerical results with the experimental data indicate that the steady computations, as expected, cannot produce reliable flow field predictions in the wake region downstream of the square cylinder. Consequently, the time derivatives of dependent variables are included in the transport equations and are approximated using the second-order Crank-Nicholson scheme. The unsteady computations significantly improve the predictions and the results of unsteady simulations with both turbulence models are in closer agreement with measurements compare to the steady predictions. The predicted value for St number is 0.126 and 0.123 using the LS and KK turbulence models respectively which are in good agreement with the measured value of 0.132. The unsteady predictions using the LS model are in better agreement with the measured data than those obtained with the KK model. Both turbulence models fail to produce reliable turbulence field predictions and, thus, it is necessary to apply more advance turbulence models, such differential stress models, for more accurate predictions of such flows. NOMENCLATURE A= Cross section area = D C Drag Coefficient ( 2 2 / 1 in A D AU PdA C ρ ∫ = ) D= Cylinder dimension = f Shedding frequency Mehrdad Risee and Azadeh Jafari 2 H= Channel height k = Turbulent kinetic energy = P Pressure = k P Production term Re= Reynolds number ( ν / Re D U in = ) = St Strouhal number ( in U fD St = ) t= time i U = Mean velocity components(U,V) = j iu u Reynolds stress tensor = i x Cartesian coordinate (x,y) Greek letters = β Aspect ratio (β =D/H) = ε Dissipation rate = ε~ Isotropic dissipation rate = ij δ Kronecker delta = τ Period of time = μ Dynamic viscosity = ν Kinematic viscosity = ρ Density


Objective:To introduce the ultrasound-guided injection for shoulder injuries. Method:Some typical cases were enumerated,including long head of biceps tendon sheath cysts,rotator cuff tear,supraspinatus tendon calcification and frozen shoulder,and the techniques of ultrasound-guided injection for these cases were described in detail. Result:The above-mentioned cases achieved good clinical effects of ultrasound-guided injection. Conclusion:Long head of biceps tendon sheath cysts,rotator cuff tear,supraspinatus tendon calcification and frozen shoulder could be diagnosed with ultrasound,and treated with ultrasound-guided injection.


The sales analysis and forecast are intended to be useful for farmers and farm direct marketing business. The purpose of this research is to provide efficient, effective, and inexpensive information technology solutions and services to improve the competitiveness of farmers' markets; therefore, the computation speed and the calculation of reliable routine forecasts are important tasks. The main objective of this research is to develop a prototype forecasting simulator which is able to tolerate the information incomplete circumstances. In addition, this prototype simulator has a feature that requires no human intervention to initiate and process model optimization procedures. In general, the exponential smoothing method provides a high level of accuracy for short-range forecasts. In addition, it has minimal data requirements and can be implemented fully automatic. Therefore, it is a good method to use when forecasts are required for large numbers of items. Empirical results were encouraging, with seasonal adjustments the accuracy improved significantly.


[Objective] The aim was to investigate the enrichment ability on the TN,TP of plants in Zihu Stream.[Method] Through investigating pollution enrichment plant groups,TN,TP distribution in soil and water in the bank of Zihu Stream,the enrichment degree of N,P was analyzed,stronger enrichment ability plants were screened.[Result] The results showed the content of TN and TP in soil and water were higher,reached serious contamination degree.In all the surveyed groups,only several plants had little enrichment ability,some species like Digitaria sanguinalis,Myosoton aquaticum,Erigeron annuus and Ranunculus cantoniensis had the better TN enrichment ability,Digitaria sanguinalis,Rumex japonicas,Erigeron annuus,Rorip paindica had better TN enrichment ability.[Conclusion] The study will provide a reference for screening good enrichment plant and biological treatment of domestic sewage in Nanjing City.


The invention relates to a synthesis method of 3-amino-propyl aminoethyl thiophosphate (amifostine) trihydrate. In the synthesis method, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used as a reaction solvent, and has good biocompatibility and far lower irritation to a human body in comparison with dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); the amifostine obtained by the reaction has high purity; especially when PEG400 is used as the reaction solvent, the prepared amifostine trihydrate product has higher yield and crude product purity; and in the post-treatment method, concentrated ammonia water/methanol are used to replace pure methanol, so that the product yield is significantly improved, especially the crude product purity can be up to 95% or above, and high-purity amifostine can be more easily obtained through secondary refining.


Exploring the relationship between literature and medicine, this chapter analyzes how three novels from the American realist period—Henry James's Washington Square (1880), Sarah Orne Jewett's A Country Doctor (1884), and Charles Chesnutt's The Marrow of Tradition (1901)—represent the medical profession during its rise to what Paul Starr has called "professional sovereignty" in the United States. Although today we may take medicine's elite status in our society for granted, together these novels reveal that its turn-of-the-century consolidation as a profession in which society would ultimately invest unique forms of authority and prestige was anything but uncontested. Through the fictions they created, realist writers offered nuanced critical perspectives on the modes through which medicine asserted its sovereignty and also probed underlying gendered and racial tensions, even violence, that the profession's own self-representations sought to occlude.


Magnetic energy during the catastrophe was predominantly studied by the previous catastrophe works since it is believed to be the main energy supplier for the solar eruptions. However, the contribution of other types of energies during the catastrophe cannot be neglected. This paper studies the catastrophe of the coronal flux rope system in the solar wind background, with emphasis on the transformation of different types of energies during the catastrophe. The coronal flux rope is characterized by its axial and poloidal magnetic fluxes and total mass. It is shown that a catastrophe can be triggered by not only an increase but also a decrease of the axial magnetic flux. Moreover, the internal energy of the rope is found to be released during the catastrophe so as to provide energy for the upward eruption of the flux rope. As far as the magnetic energy is concerned, it provides only part of the energy release, or even increases during the catastrophe, so the internal energy may act as the dominant or even the unique energy supplier during the catastrophe.


Juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA) is a clinically heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases with complex pathogenesis,characterized by chronic arthritis of unknown causes.JIA is not a single disease,but a term that encompasses all forms of arthritis that begin before the age of 16 years old,persists for more than 6 weeks,with different onset,various clinical signs and symptoms,and in some cases,genetic background.In 2001,the International League of Associations for Rheumatology issued the recent classification of seven categories.The cause of the disease is still poorly understood,but seems to be related to both genetic and environmental factors,thus results in the heterogeneity of the illness.JIA is a complex genetic condition,and the genes affecting susceptibility are actively searched.JIA has long been assumed to be an autoimmune disease,triggered by aberrant recognition of "self " antigens by T cells.However,systembiology approaches to this family of diseases have suggested that complex interactions between innate and acquired immuni-ty underlie JIA.In addition to genetic factors,the latest data on humoral and cellular immunity-involved in the pathogene-sis of JIA here are also reviewed.


ANSYS Solid65 was adopted to calculate the numerical simulation of steel and concrete freely supported beam,the results showed that it is feasible to simulate the destruction of steel and concrete freely supported beam using Solid65,meanwhile,the destruction mode and mechanism of few kingpost was understood deeply,which can provide the references and use value for the engineering practice.


In 2002 scientists from the Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA) were engaged by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) in a 5-year study to undertake research on patterns of reindeer habitat use and movements in areas believed to be influenced by the road. The main purpose of the project was to find out to which degree the road and/or the traffic generated by the road constitute a barrier for the wild reindeer, and if it has a repelling effect on the animals. The project equipped altogether 37 animals with GPS-transmitters providing detailed and accurate data on their habitat use and movements. The GPS units were programmed to register the position of each animal every 3rd hour, and the data were stored in the collar. Since the wild reindeer are living in herds up to some thousand animals, approximately 70-80 % of the total population was covered. Maps of the distribution of different reindeer food resources (e.g. lichens) were produced by using field surveys and satellite images (LANDSAT 5). The winter grazing areas were found mainly in the eastern parts and along the Hw 7, while the summer areas were located in the south west and around the Hardangerjøkulen glacier. The major findings of the project were that Hw 7 in fact has a repelling effect on the wild reindeer, as have other areas with human activity, e.g. the major hiking and skiing tracks between the tourist cottages. The GPS-data show that there is a significant reduction of the reindeer use of the areas close to the Hw 7, up to 8 kms from the road. This zone of avoidance also strengthens the barrier effect of the road such that the migration routes to and from the north are more or less cut off. The same effect can be found in the vegetation maps, but the correlation is not as strong as in the GPS-data. When the GPS-data were compared with the distribution of lichen resources, it appeared that animals do not use some of the areas richest in lichens. Hw 7 can be seen as a behavioral barrier, hindering the migration of reindeer between the central and the northern parts of Hardangervidda. The project has also documented that the movements of the reindeer are heavily influenced by the direction of the wind, and, in wintertime, the snow conditions. During winters with a lot of snow the animals are found in the eastern parts; where there is usually less snow that in the western parts. The wild reindeer's use of the terrain is dependent on the population density and the available food resources. The possibility for the animals to have access to winter grazing grounds in the northern and eastern parts in years with much snow, can be crucial.


Because the palmprint data are easily adopted,and its classifying feature is apparent and stability,and the palmprint automatic identification is a very potential identification technology.The palmprint recognition system is on its way to microminiaturization.In this paper,a chart of the palmprint recognition system is introduced,and a palmprint image acquired system is proposed based on Cypress' s Cy7c68013 and Authentec's AES2510 swipe sensor.The implementation of the hardware design and the software design are simply explained.


The unemployment experience is viewed from the perspective of identity negotiation during a time of transition. Within this process, elements such as support from others, self-talk, marketing strategies, and focused and persistent effort play an important role. Employment counseling strategies are discussed in terms of how they promote successful negotiation.


As solid content, of at least On the other hand, (b) at least one essential component (d) water-soluble resins water-dispersible silica, (c) a zirconium compound or titanium compound of (a) a silane coupling agent or its hydrolysis condensate has a chemical conversion coating layer on one or both sides of the metal plate including a further thereon, by forming a coating layer comprising 1-140 parts by weight of aluminum phosphate-based pigment the resin solid content 100 parts by weight it is a precoated metal sheet and a manufacturing method excellent in press formability, characterized by comprising.


The study presents 'Non-Insulin Depended Diabetics Mellitus' (NIDDM), SMS-based system for Type-II diabetes management by itself. The system is structured to be long term health assistance for patients with type-II diabetes. It permits the patients to get touched to their doctor constantly. With the SMS exchange, the patients can send their general and physical status, i.e., demographic & social characteristics, awareness of Mobile phone applications, blood sugar measurements, insulin intake and other data to the doctor, which makes continuous health monitoring possible. Based on the patient data sent, an SMS messages can be return to motivate patients, it reminds them of physical activities such as, physical exercise, and healthcare appointments. In addition, an offline mobile phone multimedia educational system is also proposed with existed SMS based system. The system was discussed with the physician for system applicability for type-II diabetic patients. It was found in primary testing that the involvement of proposed system can be able to impact on some clinical outcomes, self-efficacy and diabetes management. The SMS based system technology appears feasible in diabetic care and relief but this technology must be made more user-friendly before clinical implementation at larger scale.


Karl Polanyi's works have been widely thematized regarding the transition in Central and Eastern Europe. The transition was viewed as the "second great transformation". Polanyi's works undoubtedly have numerous followers and it is owing to them that his works have started to be critically interpreted. We are here considering the possibility of reconceptualization of the works after the crisis of neoliberalism. The paper consists of three parts, each focusing on the selected points of Polanyi's work. In the first part, the goal was to confront Polanyi's thought with the consequences of neoliberalism; this part is explicitly involved in politicaleconomic reflection. The second part focuses on the discussion about the meaning of embeddedness, and the third part shows the relevance of some reflexions with respect to the money. The second and third part make a dialogue between political economy and economic sociology, economic anthropology, and economic theory.


Objectives: Traditional cancer chemotherapy is normally associated with systemic toxicity due to the lack of tumor-targeting specificity. Recent efforts have therefore focused on targeted therapy to reduce such systemic toxicity. We have recently developed a pair of 18/19F-labeled theranostic small-molecule drug conjugates (18/19F-T-SMDCs) for prostate cancer precision theranostics, which consists of a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) specific ligand for prostate cancer targeting, a cytotoxic drug (DM1, with high antimitotic cytotoxicity at subnanomolar range) for chemotherapy, and an 18F imaging unit via a lysine-PEG trifunctional linker for PET imaging or a nonradioactive 19F unit for therapy in order to overcome the dosage gap between diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The18/19F-T-SMDCs have been demonstrated to retain the PSMA binding affinity, exhibit high cell uptake in PSMA-positive cells, display an appreciable level of internalization in a time-dependent manner, and be capable of specifically imaging PSMA-expressing cancer xenografts in mice. Here we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo therapeutic potency of the18/19F-T-SMDCs. Methods: The in vitro cytotoxicity of 19F-T-SMDC was measured by crystal violet cell growth assay in PSMA-positive LNCaP cells and PSMA-negative PC-3 cells. The DM1 free drug was included in the assay as an internal positive standard to compare the toxicity of 19F-T-SMDC in these two cell lines. In vivo treatment study was performed in SCID mice bearing PSMA-positive PC3-PIP subcutaneous tumors to evaluate both imaging and therapeutic performance of 18/19F-T-SMDCs (DM1). The treatment started when the average tumor volumes were in the range of 100 - 200 mm3 (length × width × height × 0.523), with intravenous injection of 15 or 40 nmol 19F-T-SMDC in 10% ethanol solution per mouse (n = 8) for three times a week for total four injections. The control group of mice received 10% ethanol solution plus 0.075 nmol 19F-T-SMDC (DM1) following the same injection schedule (n = 3). PET imaging with 18F-T-SMDC (DM1) was conducted before (Day 0: 18F-T-SMDC only) and during the 1st-dose treatment (Day 1: coinjection of 18/19F-T-SMDC) for both 15 and 40 nmol groups (n = 3). Besides the PET imaging with 18F-T-SMDC, concurrent FDG PET imaging was also conducted in the 15 nmol group mice (n = 3) before and post treatment (week 4) to monitor the treatment responses. Results: The PSMA-positive LNCaP cells exhibited higher toxicity from 19F-T-SMDC (DM1) than PSMA-negative PC-3 cells. In comparison to free DM1 drug, the 19F-T-SMDC (DM1) was less toxic in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. The reduced toxicity of the T-SMDC is desirable to alleviate the acute side effects of the drug (DM1) to normal tissues. For treatment study, 19F-T-SMDC (DM1) showed controllable acute toxicity, with the body weight loss all within 15%. While the 40-nmol group showed a greater body weight loss than the 15-nmol group, both groups started their body weight recovery from Day 18. In contrast, the control group showed no body weight loss until Day 10 when the tumor burden became severe. The average tumor sizes of both high- and low-dose treatment groups stopped increasing by Day 7. After then, all tumors started shrinking over the course of the treatment. Meanwhile, the control group was observed with fast and continuous tumor growth. Although the increased dose did not benefit the tumor reduction, the high-dose treatment group exhibited delayed tumor recurrence compared to the low-dose group. Conclusions: The 18/19F-T-SMDCs retain PSMA binding affinity, exhibit PSMA-dependent toxicity, and are capable of specifically imaging PSMA-positive cancer xenografts in mice. They also show effective therapeutic performance in in vivo tumor treatment study, and can be served as a promising strategy for prostate cancer precision theranostics Citation Format: Bing Guan, Yunkou Wu, Jingyue Yang, Yahong Xiong, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Guiyang Hao, Xiankai Sun. Development of paired small-molecule drug conjugates for prostate cancer precision theranostics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B066.


Pollution of groundwater and surface water compartments is one of the major concerns related to the use of glyphosate in plant-protection products, and is attributed to the postulated endocrine-disrupting activity of the compound. There is a consensus that glyphosate cannot be inactivated in water by the addition of other substances that may also be foreign to that compartment. Therefore, a good, environment-friendly solution would involve use of natural zeolite-bearing rock to remove glyphosate from water. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the content of glyphosate in water can be reduced by 50% through its adsorption on natural zeolites. An additional purpose was to identify the mechanism underlying the process – demonstrated to be adequately characterized by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. In natural zeolite-bearing rock with grain diameter <0.02 mm, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 3.66 mg glyphosate/g sorbent. Glyphosate was shown to be adsorbed inside medium-sized heulandite channels with internal diameters of 0.4–0.6 nm; moreover, the adsorption of glyphosate onto heulandite crystal was shown to be a physisorption, unaccompanied by the formation of chemical bonds.