The effects of azadirachtin on two pests: neonate larvae and newly emerged adults of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and last instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Hubner); and three natural enemies: newly emerged adults of Opius concolor Szepligeti, second instar larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), and fifth instar nymphs of Podisus maculiventris (Say) were studied in laboratory. Adult insects were exposed to a non-oil formulation of azadirachtin (Align, emulsifiable concentrate, 3.2% azadirachtin, Sipcam Inagra, Spain) via their drinking water and immature instars were reared in the presence of the insecticide-treated diet. The natural enemies were exposed to at least the maximum field recommended concentration of the insecticide (0.15% v/v). Azadirachtin was highly toxic to neonate larvae of C. capitata and prevented adult emergence at a concentration of 1 mg a.i. l -1 . When adults were fed the insecticide at the maximum recommended concentration, their survival was not affected but egg laying was totally inhibited. Last instar S. exigua larvae were also very susceptible (LC 50 = 7.7 mg a.i. l -1 ) and at a concentration of 10 mg a.i. l -1 fecundity of surviving adults, and egg fertility, were reduced by 72 and 85%, respectively. Effects on O. concolor were large, and significant reductions in longevity, percentage of attacked hosts, and progeny size per female, were recorded. The predator P. maculiventris was much less sensitive to azadirachtin, but slight reductions in survival of emerged adults and of reproductive parameters occurred. The insecticide had no significant effect on C. carnea larvae fed with treated Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver) eggs, probably because of its inability to penetrate inside the egg.


We explore how research papers are shared in Twitter to understand its potential and limitation of the current practice that measures or predicts the scientific impact of research papers from the web. We track 54 second-level domains offering the top 100 journals listed in Google Scholar and collect 403,165 tweets sharing 75,677 unique research papers by 142,743 users over the course of 135 days. Our findings show the great potential of Twitter as a platform for paper sharing, but at the same time, indicate the limitations of measuring scientific impact through the lens of social media mainly due to the highly skewed and limited attention to few number of top journals.


We describe conceptual foundations to address integrity issues in computerized information systems from the enterprise perspective. The motivation for this effort stems from the recognition that existing models are formulated at too low a level of abstraction, to be useful for modeling organizational requirements, policy aspects, and internal controls, pertaining to maintenance of integrity in information systems. In particular, these models are primarily concerned with the integrity of internal data components within computer systems, and thus lack the constructs necessary to model enterprise level integrity principles. The starting point in the investigation is the notion of authorization functions and tasks associated with business activities carried out in the enterprise. These functions identify the authorization requirements while the authorization tasks embody the concepts required to carry out such authorizations. We believe a model of task-based authorizations will bridge the existing gap between low-level models and very high level ones looking at integrity from a purely organizational and sociological perspective devoid of any direct links to computerized systems. The work described is preliminary and conceptual in nature, but is a necessary prerequisite for the eventual development of a formal model.<<ETX>>


An important goal of an anonymity system is to hide the level of communication between two users, i.e., the number of messages one user sent to another. We construct an anonymity metric that measures the extent to which the system-wide communication pattern of all users of an anonymity system is hidden, among other possible patterns, in the aftermath of an attack. Our model allows users to send or receive multiple messages via the anonymity system, and our metric handles attacks that are capable of determining infeasibility of some of the system's input-output message combinations. We also analyse two earlier attempts in the literature at arriving at such a metric, and show that one of those attempts is limited to only a small class of such attacks, while the other fails to take any attack into account. In comparison, our metric is comprehensive, as it is applicable to all attacks mentioned above.


Abstract : A vacuum thermal method of producing thin films(1-10 mu m) of rare earth metals (Sm, Dy, Tn, and Yb) is described and its efficiency is compared with existing methods (which are briefly reviewed). A very effective method of obtaining the thin films in question is by reducing the corresponding oxides with La or Zr in the form of chips or shavings, the metal thereupon being evaporated and condensed on a cold substrate in another part of the apparatus.


SIR, currently the treatment of RA is aimed at achieving low DAS remission. The ultimate aim, however, is to achieve DMARD-free sustained remission, which reflects the persistent absence of arthritis after cessation of treatment and is the closest proxy available for cure of RA. Although at present DMARD-free sustained remission can only be achieved in a minority of RA patients, recent data revealed that this outcome has become increasingly achievable due to improved treatment strategies [1]. The processes underlying resolution of disease persistence are unknown. An understanding of these processes might give clues for intervention targeted at disease resolutions. Furthermore, except for ACPA or RF, biomarkers for disease persistence are unknown. A recent study by Audo et al. [2] prompted us to investigate the association between serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and DAS remission as well as DMARD-free sustained remission. This study showed, using data of one cohort, that a low ratio of OPG to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand was associated with DAS28 remission (DAS <2.6) after 1 year and that this association was completely explained by the OPG level. OPG is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules. Beside its well-known role in bone metabolism, OPG has pro-inflammatory effects that likely act via the nuclear factorB pathway. As such, OPG has been implicated as a disease activity marker for inflammatory bowel disease [3]. The present study has two aims: first, we sought replication of the association of OPG levels with DAS remission, as replication of findings in independent cohorts is pivotal; and second, because OPG may associate with the severity of inflammation in the short term, we explored the association of OPG levels with achieving DMARD-free sustained remission as a longterm treatment outcome. We studied 158 RA patients (1987 ACR criteria) included in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic cohort [4] between 1993 and 2005 [67% female, mean (S.D.) age 56.2 (13.5) years, 64% ACPA-positive]. OPG levels were determined using ELISA [5, 6] in sera collected at a median disease duration of 4 (range 1 9) years, while patients were treated with conventional DMARDs. At the moment of serum collection, the mean (S.D.) DAS44 was 2.3 (1.1), 53% of patients had a DAS44 <2.4 and none of the patients were in DMARD-free sustained remission. For analyses, OPG levels were stratified in quartiles with similar patient numbers. The outcomes were achieving DAS44 remission (DAS44 <2.4 and <1.6) 1 year after serum collection; and achieving DMARD-free sustained remission during follow-up [median follow-up 10 year, interquartile range (IQR) 9 10 years]. DMARD-free sustained remission was defined as the sustained absence of arthritis (by physical examination) after discontinuation of DMARD therapy, including biologics and glucocorticosteroids, for the entire follow-up and the follow-up should be at least 1 year after cessation of DMARD treatment. Patients that relapsed during follow-up were not in the DMARD-free sustained remission group. All medical files were explored on this outcome until 5 April 2012 [1]. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed with adjustments for age, gender and treatment strategy [4]. The analyses of DAS44 remission were additionally adjusted for DAS44 at sample collection and the analyses of DMARD-free sustained remission were additionally adjusted for disease duration at sample collection. All patients gave informed consent and approval was obtained from the medical ethics committee of the Leiden University Medical Center for the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic cohort. This included approval to use data for the present analysis. One hundred and sixteen patients (73.4%) and 67 patients (42.4%) had achieved DAS44 remission when defined, respectively, as DAS <2.4 and DAS <1.6 1 year after serum collection. Per quartile decrease in OPG the odds ratio for achieving DAS44-remission during the next year was 1.65 (95% CI, 1.11, 2.47; P = 0.014) when defining DAS44 remission as a DAS <2.4. Similar results were obtained when defining DAS44 remission as a DAS <1.6 during the next year (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.084, 2.22; P = 0.016). Sixteen patients (10.1%) achieved DMARDfree sustained remission after a median of 6 years of disease (IQR 4 8) and 3 years (IQR 1 4) after serum collection. Lower OPG level associated significantly with a higher chance of DMARD-free sustained remission (hazard ratio on remission per quartile decrease in OPG level 1.92 (95% CI, 1.043, 3.52; P = 0.036) (Fig. 1). In conclusion, we here replicated the finding that low OPG levels were predictive for an increased chance of DAS remission during the next year. The findings were similar when using DAS remission defined as DAS44 <2.4 or <1.6. These validated results suggest that OPG is a biomarker that might be useful to assess during treatment in order to predict the chance of a low disease activity during the next year. Interestingly, serum OPG levels were also associated with the chance of DMARDfree sustained remission. Together these data suggest that OPG levels are reflective of a process influencing RHEUMATOLOGY


The present invention is to provide a surface mounting type electronic circuit unit of a small load and at the same time a high Q is obtained. An electronic circuit unit of the aspect of the present invention mounted, an insulating substrate (1) has an end (端 部) has an inductance element (7) composed of a conductive pattern connected to the second land portion 3, and the bare chip (8 ) because of the overlap on the insulating substrate 1, a first electrode 9 and the first land portion (2), and a second nation 10 and the second land portion 3 has been connected to one another, an inductance element ( 7) is a state located in the lower face of the bare chip 8 and the inductance element, and it is possible to extremely shorten the length of the connection conductors between a semiconductor circuit, in particular to provide an electronic circuit unit in a high Q in the high frequency have.


AbstractWhen considering the use of combination therapies with liposomal anticancer agents several approaches can be defined. One approach could rely on administration of one liposomal formulation with more than one entrapped cytotoxic drug. This study focuses on an assessment of a liposomal formulation containing vincristine and mitoxantrone. Distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/Cholesterol (Choi) (55:45 molar ratio) liposomes were loaded with vincristine using transmembrane pH gradients. These systems were subsequently incubated with mitoxantrone to effect uptake of the second drug. Retention of both drugs was determined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro drug release indicated >95% retention of mitoxantrone and approximately 75% retention of vincristine when liposomes were prepared with an initial interior pH of 2.0. In vivo results however, demonstrated that greater than 80% of the encapsulated vincristine was released within 1 hour following i.v. administration. The instability of a liposomal formulatio...


This paper examines the impact of housing equity and occupational pension scheme membership on job tenure. Using job duration data from the 1985 General Household Survey, appropriate hazard functions are constructed and estimated. Housing equity data is constructed from the General Household Survey, with appropriate adjustment for selection on house movers. Housing equity has a negative impact on male job tenure, which is more pronounced the longer the job lasts. In contrast, pension scheme membership raises average tenure, in accordance with other studies, but the results show variation according to pension scheme characteristics. Copyright 1994 by Royal Economic Society.


The authors designed a new type of computer-assistanted learning system, the firstly use the hidden Markov model training on knowledge and caculated the complexity of knowledge points. Then use Ebbinghaus curve to simulate the human brain's memory and draw usually forgotten rule of Human Brain. Them take the memory volatile algorithm to simulate the human brain after repeated test of the knowledge points in order to grasp the same situation which is reflect in brain. The system design of a unified entry interface and all are designed in accordance with the computer algorithm, which can be applied to a new generation of computer-assisted learning system


Intended to reduce the influences of noises at the output of an AE sensor in a working machine. A working system comprises a working device for performing a working operation by bringing a tool (14) into contact with a workpiece (W), an AE sensor (21), and an AE signal processing unit (22) for processing an AE signal outputted by the AE sensor. The AE signal processing unit (22) includes an A/D converter (33) for converting the AE signal into a digital signal, a frequency analysis unit (34) for calculating the frequency characteristics of the digital AE signal, storage units (35, 37) for storing the frequency characteristics at the time when the tool does not contact with the workpiece or a tool dresser, as noncontact frequency characteristics, and a difference calculation unit (35) for calculating the difference between the frequency characteristics of the digital AE signal detected and the noncontact frequency characteristics.


The extraction and separation of Co,Ni and Li from Li-ion batteries powders leaching solution was carried out using P507,and cobalt oxalate was directly prepared by stripping with oxalic acid.The initial concentration of cobalt in feed solution was 53.8 g/L.The results show that the optimal extraction condition is as follows: organic phase composition of 25% P507+5% TBP+70% sulfonated kerosene;saponification rate is 70%,ambient temperature equilibration time is 10 min,phase ratio φ(O)/ φ(A) is 1.5:1.0 and aqueous phase pH is 3.5.In this condition,99.5% of Co in the solution is extracted by three-stages extraction,while the extraction efficiency of Li and Ni is only 4.9% and 3.1%,respectively.The enthalpy of P507 extraction Co,Ni and Li is determined as-2.043,-0.812 and 1.586 kJ/mol,respectively.Oil,water and solid with good three-phase are separated by oxalic acid stripping.The optimum back extraction process is as follows: at 40 ℃,0.03 g oxalic acid/mL co-rich extractant,andφ(O)/φ(A) is 1.0:2.5.The stripping efficiency of Co reaches 99.5%.The extractant and aqueous can be recycled after stripping.


Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) is a myokine associated with muscle strength, possibly by attenuating protein breakdown. A variant in the alpha‐receptor (IL‐15Rα 1775 A>C, rs2228059) partially modulates the muscle strength and size response to resistance training. We examined if this polymorphism associated with habitual physical activity among European‐American adults.


In response to anthropogenic threats, conservation translocations are increasingly used to combat species' population and range declines. However, moving animals outside of their current distribution can mean introducing them to novel conditions, even in the case of reintroductions to formerly inhabited areas due to ecosystem changes following extirpation. This exposure to novel conditions introduces uncertainty that can undermine decision making for species conservation. Here we propose two strategies, which we define as conservative and extrapolative, for approaching and managing novelty and the resulting uncertainty in conservation translocations. Conservative strategies are characterised by the avoidance and removal of novel conditions as much as possible, whereas extrapolative strategies are more experimental, allowing exposure to novel conditions and monitoring outcomes to increase understanding of a species' ecology. As each strategy carries specific risks and opportunities, they will be applicable in different scenarios. Extrapolative strategies suit species in recovery which can afford some experimental management, or species facing novel and emerging threats which require less traditional translocations, such as assisted colonisations. We provide examples, applying our framework to two endemic New Zealand species with long histories of translocation management: tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), a reptile and takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri), a flightless bird.


Encapsulation being a widely popular technique in pharmaceutics [1,2], it is inevitable to come across a significant amount of literature reporting on encapsulated formulations, including nanomedicines, as drug delivery systems (DDSs). Inclination toward joining this formulation race had also intensified due to the spectacular publicity for nanomedicine. Anecdotes and cartoons are rife trying to convince the academia, industry and wider public on how nanotech products will cause miracles and deliver a better future for mankind. How much of these expectations have really been fulfilled is highly debatable [3], although not the core issue of this opinion piece. This account would rather present with a critic on the rationale put forward to justify the few efficiency terms, for example, association, entrapment and encapsulation, which are commonly encountered now in the literature on encapsulation. Moreover, there are other loading-related terms related to encapsulation – loading efficiency/capacity and effective/theoretical drug loading [4,5]. These terms are so common now that avoiding them while disseminating experimental data is defying the norm. In most cases, there is a mathematical equation provided for their calculation and by-and-large, association, entrapment and encapsulation efficiencies are used interchangeably. Let us now work out an example. Say, in an encapsulation process, X mg of a drug was used to begin with for encapsulation in particles prepared from P mg of a polymer while Y mg of the drug was recovered (determined by methods, e.g., HPLC) after encapsulation. Therefore, amount of encapsulated drug is X-Y mg. As weights, X, Y and P are positive real numbers and X ≥ Y. Therefore, the equations for this example are:


Table of Contents - Part I.- Cross-cultural Product Design.- Re-engaging with Cultural Engagement: Innovative Product Design of Cultural Field Experience.- An Exploration on Tactile Styles of Products.- The Study of Style for Kogi Pottery Art in Life.- The Study of Modern Emergency Products under the Direction of New Ergonomics.- Designing "Hometown Feeling" Into Products.- Human Factors Design Research with Persona for Kids Furniture in Shanghai Middle-Class Family.- A Study of the Attraction Factors of Japanese Pop-Culture by Young People in Taiwan.- Interaction Design Research of Home Integrated Ceiling Based on Neo-Ergonomics.- Some Thoughts on Haptic Aesthetics for Design Transmodal Aesthetics.- RFID-Based Road Guiding Cane System for the Visually Impaired.- Exploring Local Characteristic Product Analysis from an Emotional Design Perspective.- The Cognitive Difference of Visual and Imaged Tactile Sense of Product Forms.- Discovering the Use of a Home Smart Telephone: A Persona Approach.- A Study of Aesthetic Analysis on Modern Crafts.- Research on Symbol Expression for Eye Image in Product Design: The Usage of the Chinese Traditional "Yun Wen".- An Empirical Research on Experience Evaluation and Image Promotion of Wuxi Fruit Brand: The Case of the Brand Package of Yangshan Shuimi Peaches.- A Study of Applying Qualia to Business Model of Creative Industries.- Analysis of Cognition Difference of Visual and Imagined Haptic Inputs on Product Texture.- An Empirical Research on Designing and Promoting the Brand Logo of Yangshan Shuimi Peaches Based on the Theory of Brand Experience.- Service Design Research about Redesign Sedentary Office Guided by New Ergonomics Theory.- Cross-cultural Design Methods and Techniques.- A Policy or a Silent Revolution: Experience Sharing on Aligning UX Process with Product Development Process.- From Global Terminology to Local Terminology: A Review on Cross-Cultural Interface Design Solutions.- Integration of Characteristics of Culture into Product Design: A Perspective from Symbolic Interactions.- Modality-Independent Interaction Framework for Cross-Disability Accessibility.- "I Know U" - A Proposed VUI Design for Improving User Experience in HRI.- Defining Cross-Culture Theoretical Framework of User Interface.- Integrating Internationalization in the User-Centered Software Development Process.- Lessons Learned during a HCI Design Process in Intercultural Context.- Conception Pyramid Method for Cultural Product Form Development.- Employing Poetry Culture for Creative Design with a Polyphonic Pattern. International Usability Evaluation.- The Influence of the Nature of Need for Touch, Handcraft Material and Material Color on the Motivation for Touch.- Evaluation of Human-System Interfaces with Different Information Organization Using an Eye Tracker.- The Effects of Emotion on Judgments of Effectiveness and Good-Design.- Identifying Usability Problems in a Smart TV Music Service.- A Human Factors Evaluation of the Spatial Gesture Interface for In-Vehicle Information Systems.- Characteristics of UI English: From Non-native's Viewpoint.- The Effects of Age, Viewing Distance and Font Type on the Legibility of Chinese Characters.- A Study of a Human Interface Device Controlled by Formant Frequencies for the Disabled.- Secondary Task Method for Workload Measurement in Alarm Monitoring and Identification Tasks.- Case Studies in Cross-Cultural Design.- A Cross-Cultural Comparison of UI Components Preference between Chinese and Czech Users.- Use Second Screen to Enhance TV Viewing Experiences.- A Study about the Culture Service Process and Tools Design.- User Experience with Chinese Handwriting Input on Touch-Screen Mobile Phones.- Reception of Space: Inspiring Design without a Designer. The Influence of Design Training and Spatial Solution Strategies on Spatial Ability Performance.- Service Based Design Solutions - A Case of Migrant Workers' Affective Links with Their Families in Rural Areas of China.- Affective Fusion of PAD Model-Based Tactile Sense: A Case Study of Teacups.- What's Your Point?: How Chinese and Americans Achieve Their Conversational Aims in Cross-Cultural and Gender Interactions in CMC.- Improving the User Interface for Reading News Articles through Smartphones in Persian Language.- The Acceptance and Adoption of Smartphone Use among Chinese College Students.- Modeling of a Human Decision-Making Process with Prospect Theory.- Designing Government Funded Religious E-Readers by Adopting User Experience Methods.- Social Media's Impact on Teenagers.- An Analysis of Microblogging Behavior on Sina Weibo: Personality, Network Size and Demographics.- The Research on Cognition Design in Chinese Opera Mask.- Feature Extraction of Individual Differences for Identification Recognition Based on Resting EEG.- Enhancing People's Television Experience by Capturing, Memoing, Sharing, and Mixing.- The Application of Consistent User Interface in Common Use Self Service (CUSS).- A Qualitative Study of Older Adults' Acceptance of New Functions on Smart Phones and Tablets.- On Class Design Using Multi-Mouse Quiz by Elementary Schoolteachers.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: heat-retaining material includes 4.5-6.5 wt % zinc nitrate crystalline hydrate, 10.5-14.5 wt % nickel nitrate crystalline hydrate, 16.5-18.5 wt % magnesium nitrate crystalline hydrate and up to 100 wt % lithium nitrate crystalline hydrate. Said heat-retaining material can operate in the temperature range of +25.5±0.5°C. EFFECT: reduced overcooling of a crystalline hydrate eutectic system. 1 tbl, 3 ex


The non-cognitive skills of children in family reproduction have been concerned more and more. Based on the survey of junior middle school student, we used principal component analysis to obtain the value of the index of non-cognitive skills, and further adopted the OLS method analyzing the determinants of the non-cognitive skills. It is shown that family income, parental occupations and education, participating in parent-child cultural activities, family collection of books, the grade of child, and the quality of teaching have significant and positive effect on non-cognitive skills, but taking part in an interest-oriented class and a child's gender haven't significant effect. So, the family background and the cultural capital significantly promote children's non-cognitive skills.


Abstract The article presents an exemplary corpus-based analysis of selected Norwegian idioms in order to gain insight into their theory and actual use. The analysis comprises nine frequent idioms with the component 'heart'. First, each idiom is analyzed using the Leksikografisk bokmålskorpus and Oslo-korpuset av taggende norske tekster in terms of: frequency, possible variants and modifications. Next, the results are compared with the lexicographic description from Norwegian dictionary Bokmålsordboka. The main purpose of this chapter is thereby to show the potential of the corpus-based approach in the studies of idiomatic expressions.


In this paper, we report a method to impart spatially defined magnetic patterns into hard magnetic films using pulsed magnetic fields. Differing from prior investigations on magnetic patterning, a single magnetizing head is used rather than a sandwich structure with two magnetizing heads. Arrays of 250μm-wide and 125μm-wide magnetic stripes with alternating out-of-plane polarity (perpendicular magnetization) are patterned in a 10μm-thick Co-rich Co-Pt alloy (Co80Pt20) film using three different microstructured, 2-mm-thick, Fe-Co magnetizing heads and pulsed magnetic fields ranging from 0.1 to 1 T. A magneto-optical imaging film is used to view the magnetization patterns at the surface of the Co-Pt film. Scanning Hall probe measurements of the resulting magnetic structures indicate a ~5mT peak magnetic field 100 m above the surface which compares favorably with numerical simulations of the field patterns at the same height.


In a cross-sectional survey, older Australians (N = 402) were asked to report their physical activity habits and the 3 main barriers to more physical activity. Active and inactive men and women differed only in how many reported being sufficiently active or that their health was too poor to be more active. Six barriers were reported by more than 10% of inactive men and women: "already active enough," "have an injury or disability," "poor health," "too old," "don't have enough time," and "I'm not the sporty type." Insufficient time was identified by significantly fewer respondents as age increased. More respondents 65-70+ years old identified poor health as a barrier than did those 60-64. The proportion who had an injury or disability decreased from 60-64 to 65-69 and increased markedly among those 70+. Programs for older adults should take into account the age of the target group and the limitations imposed by poor health or disability.


As a main component of soil microbiota arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a benefi cial role in the agro-ecosystems. Introduction of AMF inoculum as a biofertilizer to the rice cultivation system is one of the environmentally healthy solutions that may increase crop productivity and yield, when compare to the non-AMF relationships. Within an ecosystem, both biotic and abiotic factors affect the diversity, distribution, and ecological role of AMF. Here we reviewed the effect of the variables including production area, environmental conditions, agricultural management systems, rice varieties, and different growth stages of the host on dynamics and structure of the AMF community mainly in the rice fi elds. Understanding of this co-relation is required to explore their future enrolment in agriculture. To ensure food security, identifi cation of all variables that may make indigenous AMF presence and active in different rice growing systems needs to be done in order to explore this specifi c fungus-root interaction.


Literature and tourism is a new approach that connects literature with tourism. This approach is very important given the close connection between a literary work and the setting of the place that is told in the work. With this linkage, literary works also contribute to the progress of tourism. If we look at the poetry of Pahlawan Kerja, there is literary tourism that reflects poetry and it's strong relationship with the Cultural Heritage site, the Railway Monument and the Heroes Cemetery. Using Lucien Goldmann's genetic structural theory, H.R Soebrantas' poem Pahlawan Kerja is analyzed so that literary tourism that reflects history, culture, and religion is found.


Based on the importance of human and culture education for young college students,this paper stresses its significance in the new era.Strengthening human culture education for young college students is necessary for success in the competition of world talents and is essential for meeting the development of mod- ern information technology and higher education reform.


An original iterative procedure has been developed to obtain energy spectrum of neutral and charged excitons (positive and negative trions) in spherical semiconductor quantum dots (QD) imbedded into a dielectric material. Numerical calculations are made using the effective mass approximation and Hartree-Fock method. A combined effect of heterointerface polarization (image force potential) and finite band-off-sets on the energy spectrum of excitons and trions in QDs is considered for the first time. It is shown that binding energies of excitons and trions in such QDs can be substantially larger than those in bulk semiconductors due to spatial and "dielectric" confinement effects.


At present, TBM multilayer interception is the most effective method aiming at TBM threat. According to TBM multilayer interception, a multiple target nonlinear programming mathematic model was established. In addition, this paper applied operational research to make optimal design based on least leakage rates and consumed interceptors. Then the modes of "launch-launch" and "launch-observation-launch" were analyzed by examples, and the interception method was provided. The results prove that "launch-observation-launch" mode is the optimal interception method on condition that the defense system is provided with capability of kill evaluation.


This study reports the stem volume of 10 Populus genotypes in a randomized split-plot design with different tillage treatments (disking versus sub-soiling) after two years of growth. Height, diameter at breast height (DBH), stem aboveground volume index, survival, Melampsora rust resistance, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, and foliar nitrogen concentration (Foliar N) were measured to identify how tillage treatments might alter poplar growth. Stem volume index and LAI were positively correlated and differed significantly among tillage treatments, taxa, and genotypes. Melampsora rust resistance was also positively correlated with volume index, but significant differences were only detected among taxa and genotypes. Foliar N and chlorophyll did not correlate to stem volume for genotypes or tillage treatments. Overall, sub-soiling yielded 37% more estimated volume compared to disking. Within the sub-soiled treatments, four genotypes (140, 176, 185, and 356) had high survival (>80%) and produced substantial stem volume (>32 dm3·tree−1). These findings show that tillage practices do impact poplar stem volumes after two years and that sub-soiling improves productivity for poplar short rotation woody crops on loamy fine-sandy soils.


Objective To compare the surgical results between anterior fixation and posterior vertebral osteotomy in patients with old thoracolumbar fracture. Methods 39 cases of old thoracolumbar fracture with posttraumatic kyphosis and neurologic compromise underwent either anterior fixation (n=19) or posterior vertebral osteotomy(n=20). In the anterior group, the average patient age was 38.3 years (range:21 to 64), the mean time from injury to operation was 5.3 months (range:2 to 16), and the mean preoperative kyphotic angle was 25.2°(range:10°to 43°). In the posterior group, the average patient age was 39.9 years (range:18 to 68), the mean time from injury to operation was 5.6 years (range: 2months to 16 years), and the mean preoperative kyphotic angle was 27.6°(range:5°to 60°). Results In the anterior group, the mean operation time was 274 minutes (range:140 to 395) with a mean blood loss of 994 mL (range: 300 to 2000), the mean postoperative kyphotic angle was 14.7°(range: 0°to 35°), and the mean angle of correction was 10.5 °(range: 5°to 16°). In the posterior group, the mean operation time was 283 minutes (range:190 to 390) with a mean blood loss of 1654 mL (range: 800 to 3800), the mean postoperative kyphotic angle was 4.4°(range:-10°to 35°), and the mean angle of correction was 23.2°(range: 7°to 40°). All the patients with incomplete neural injury had improvement of neurologic function. Conclusion The posterior vertebral osteotomy can produce better results in kyphotic correction, while it does not increase the trauma of operation.


Background Childhood maltreatment remains a significant public health issue associated with a number of poor health outcomes. This study explores the association between childhood maltreatment and the subsequent development of cardiometabolic disease and all‐cause mortality. Methods and Results Using a UK primary care database between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2018, we conducted a population‐based open retrospective cohort study. We matched 80 657 adult patients with a historic recording of childhood maltreatment or maltreatment‐related concerns (exposed group) to 161 314 unexposed patients. Outcomes of interest were the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and risk of all‐cause mortality. During the study period there were 243 new diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (incidence rate 8.3 per 10 000 person‐years) in the exposed group compared with 254 in the unexposed group (incidence rate 4.6 per 10 000 person‐years). Following adjustment for key covariates, this translated to an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.71 (95% CI 1.42–2.06). Additionally, the exposed group had an increased risk of hypertension (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26–1.59), type 2 diabetes mellitus (adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.13; 95% CI, 1.86–2.45) and all‐cause mortality (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.75; 95% CI, 1.52–2.02) during the study period compared with the unexposed group. Conclusions Considering the high prevalence of exposure to childhood maltreatment, we have demonstrated the substantial associated burden of preventable cardiometabolic disease. There is a clear need to ensure that public health approaches are implemented to prevent the adverse consequences following exposure to childhood maltreatment.


In North America, the population genetic structure of many raptor species has been shaped by patterns of post-glacial population expansion and anthropogenic forces, such as the widespread use of the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) during the mid-20th century. While common themes of post-glacial avian population expansion have emerged, little is known about the genetic impacts of DDT on raptor species that experienced a population bottleneck but were not the focus of conservation efforts. We investigated how the combination of post-Pleistocene environmental change and the DDT-era population bottleneck have in fl uenced the contemporary population structure of Merlins Falco columbarius in North America. We genotyped migrating Merlins across North America ( n = 272) at 23 polymorphic microsatellite loci and generated sequence data for a 569-base-pair segment of the mitochondrial control region. We used hierarchical analysis of molecular variance, pairwise F ST / ϕ ST comparisons and Bayesian clustering analyses to assess genetic differentiation between individuals from eastern and western North America, distinct migratory fl yways, and three recognized North American subspecies. Across all analyses, we found low or no population differentiation, suggesting that North American Merlins largely comprise one pan-mictic population showing evidence of a post-glacial population expansion with little genetic differentiation detected between regions. Furthermore, we did not detect a contemporary signal of a genetic bottleneck that could have resulted from the DDT-era population decline with the markers used in this study. Consistent with other avian species, we found a correlation between allele length variation at a microsatellite isolated from the 3 0 untranslated region of the ADCYAP1 gene and migratory versus sedentary characteristics in Merlin subspecies. We detected two common mitochondrial control region haplotypes in the geographical regions sampled, a unique pattern among other widespread North American raptor species. This study furthers our understanding of the genetic and demographic history of Merlins in North America and can inform future genomic studies of this species.


The naming for hotel KTVs is a cultural phenomenon as well as a linguistic one.It can be said to be the condensation of Chinese culture.By analyzing the means of naming,this paper tries to show the cultural tradition,cultural notion and social mentality of Chinese people,ie,their advocacy of Confucianism,their pursuit of fortune and auspicion and their wish for honesty.Simplity and nature.Besides,certain psychological changes taken place in Chinese culture under the influence from foreign culture can also be found out.Thus,the naming for hotel KTVs can be helped to develop more regularly and healthily.


The terms pseudo-hermaphroditism and hermaphroditism have been used in different senses by various authors and for this reason they were discarded by Wilkins (1950). He describes as 'intersexes' (hermaphrodites) those cases in which the sexual dimorphism is not due to a demonstrable endocrine abnormality, and as cases of 'sex reversal' those in which there is an endocrine abnormality. Hormonal sex reversal in the female due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia is not infrequent and is probably the commonest cause of heterosexual development (Wilkins, 1950). In most cases virilization does not start until after the external genitalia have practically completed their normal female differentiation and the anatomical abnormality is fairly uniform. Cases similar to that to be described, in which virilization appears to have started at an earlier stage of development, are most unusual and in fact only two are on record (Wilkins, quoting an unpublished case of Reilly, 1950; Schiller, 1940).


Clay dispersion is directly related to water erosion, especially during detaching and dragging of particles. No-till is one of the most important strategies for soil and water conservation in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and when associated with crop rotation, may reduce the degree of clay dispersion. The study aimed to evaluate, after 24 years, the effect of different soil management systems and crop systems on the degree of clay dispersion of a Rhodic Ferralsol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four soil managements (continuous no-tillage, no-tillage with chiseling every three years, disk plowing followed by light harrowing and heavy disking followed by light harrowing) and with two crop systems (crop succession and rotation). The degree of clay dispersion was evaluated and associated with soil chemical attributes from layer 0.00-0.10 m. The degree of clay dispersion is affected by the soil management systems with no effect of crop systems. The soil management system with the lowest soil disturbance (continuous no-tillage) has a higher degree of clay dispersion than the ones that disturb the soil, regardless of the agricultural implement used or soil disturbance intensity. The soil electrochemical imbalance, primarily caused by soil potential acidity, is positively correlated to the increase in the degree of clay dispersion of the superficial soil layer under continuum no-tillage.


This paper presents a first order analysis of four types of overdriven free-displacer Stirling machines. All the presented types of machines can work as refrigerating machines, prime movers or heat exchange accelerators depending on parameters such as the hot to cold source temperatures ratio, the nondimensional mass of working gas in the machine, the displacer rod to displacer cross sectional area ratio, the corrected dead space to piston cylinder volume ratio and the displacer to piston cylinder volume ratio. In its analytical form this theory holds for machines at low speed as it is assumed that the piston displacement can be neglected during the displacer movement duration. This analysis may be used to find the conditions and values giving either the best theoretical refrigerating cycle or the best theoretical prime mover cycle, the associated reference work, reference time, efficiency and heat quantities involved. A table gives the analytical expressions and the limiting values of the main parameters for the four different types of Ringbom machines considered. The preliminary design of a Ringbom prime mover is then presented. The main parameters influences are predicted and the magnitude of work, rotational speed limit and efficiency are obtained.


in CLL is now determined by molecular genetic features (p53 or 17p deletion, IgHV unmutated status, and 11q deletion 4), serum markers of disease proliferation (thymidine kinase and b 2-microglobulin 5), and host factors (age, ECOG performance status, and male sex). In clinical practice and treatment decision making, the most important subgroups are the 25% of patients in the low-risk group, with 5-year survival of 95% and median time to first therapy of .10 years, and the 4% of patients in the very-high-risk group, with a dismal 5-year survival of 19%. Of note, the presence of 17p deletion is required for patients to be classified as very high risk, but even within this p53-deleted subgroup, patients with relatively favorable survival can be identified (eg, those patients without concomitant adverse features and those who do not require immediate therapy). Thus, much of the adverse impact of del(17p) is due to the relative ineffectiveness of current (fludarabine-based) therapy in combating this form of CLL. What are the caveats against and barriers to the immediate adoption of this prognostic score into clinical practice? First, the score depends on the ability to assay serum thymidine kinase, 5 a prognostic marker that is not routinely measured outside of Germany. Modern methods such as chemiluminescence-based assays 6 may facilitate the adoption of this test by diagnostic and commercial laboratories. Second, the understanding of the genomic landscape of CLL is rapidly evolving, and as data regarding novel mutations such as those in NOTCH1, SF3B1, and BIRC3 accumulate, 7 their roles will need to be re-evaluated in the context of this prognostic model. Additionally, most diagnostic and commercial laboratories test for 17p deletion by FISH, but few currently have the ability to screen for p53 mutations. As the availability of p53 mutation screening increases in clinical practice, the prognostic score will require recalculation to determine whether p53 mutations have an adverse impact as substantial as that of 17p deletion. 8 The authors also acknowledge a degree of patient selection and underrepresentation of older patients from the studies used to generate and validate this index. Finally, the treatment landscape of CLL is changing with the advent of highly active oral small molecules which can be delivered effectively, even in older patients and in those with p53-aberrant CLL 9,10 ; in time, the applicability of the prognostic score in the era beyond chemotherapy will need to be re-evaluated. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: …


The Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on 1 December 2009 after a long process of negotiations and ratification in all European Union (EU) Member States. It will bring about several changes in European Community policy, but for public health the existing principle will remain: it will continue to be subject to the subsidiarity principle. This implies rules allowing the Union only to complement national health policies and to act at the level of shared competence aiming at activities to support, coordinate or supplement the actions of the …


The computer can be used in Super-resolution reconstruction (SR) to process low-resolution images to obtain high-resolution images. Aiming at solving problems of complex underground video image acquisition environment, uneven brightness, blurred images etc, this paper adopts the idea of deep learning to perform super-resolution restoration of underground video images in coal mines, and proposes a generational confrontation network to super-resolution underground video images in coal mines. The experiment proves that Generated Adversarial Network (GAN), while being compare with Super-resolution Deep Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN), Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Network (ESPCN), Deeply Recursive Convolutional Network (DRCN) the effect of GAN method is better, because it can better realize the super-resolution restoration of underground video images in coal mines and provide preliminary support for the subsequent and further application research of underground images in coal mines.


Abdominoplasty is a very common procedure in the plastic surgery practice and may lead to a variety of unfavorable results including incision site complications. The surgical adhesives system, which entered into daily practice to replace the need for subcuticular closure for skin, saves time and may have better wound appearance. Dermabond® Prineo® Skin Closure System (Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA) has two major components: 2–Octyl cyanoacrylate glue and a flexible, self-adhesive polyester mesh. It can be used with or without sutures, and has the added benefit of waterproofing, and microbial resistance. It also saves time. This case describes a male patient who experienced a "printing tattoo" effect following an elective procedure of abdominoplasty and the results after this closure system was used.


The changing of sexual ethics influenced directly and indirectly the AIDS transmission and prevalence since 1960s.However,the compliance with sexual ethics is not the key solution to AIDS infection because it is unrealistic for modern people to return back to the traditional ethics framework,or constructing a new and unitary sexual ethics.In the predicable future,sexual ethics will not great changing with the technological breakthrough in the AIDS prevention and treatment.


The miRNA‐208 regulates gene expression of slow myosin heavy chain(MHC)in heart. We investigated the role of miRNA‐208 and its target Thyroid Hormone Receptor Associated Protein 1 (THRAP1) in aerobic training (AT) induced cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Female Wistar Rats(n=21)into 3 groups: sedentary (S), Trained 1(T1): swimming sessions of 60′, 5 days/week (10 weeks). Trained 2(T2): similar to T1 until 8th week, on the 9th week the rats swan twice/day and on the 10th week 3 times/day. Were assessed: heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) by direct measurement, VO2max by ergoespirometry, soleus citrate synthase (CS) activity by spectrophotometer, ventricular function and CH by echocardiography (EGC), CH by LV/BW ratio (mg/g) and cardiomyocyte diameter (CD), gene expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), skeletal α‐actin, α‐MHC and β‐MHC and miR‐208 by Real‐time PCR and protein content of α and β‐MHC and THRAP1 by Western Blott. AT decreased HR and increased VO2max (11%/T1 and 15%/T2) and CS (47%/T1 and 105%/T2). LV/BW ratio increased 13%/T1 and 28%/T2 and CD increased 20%/T1 and 30%/T2. Gene expression of skeletal α‐actin decreased 53%/T2. The E/A ratio increased and isovolumetric relaxation time and myocardial performance index decreased. MiR‐208 expression decreased 62%/T2 with a decrease of β‐MHC and an increase of α‐MHC gene expression(β/‐71%,α/+37%) and protein content(β/−45 % α/+72%) in T2. THRAP1 protein increased 40%/T2 compared with S. APT induced physiological CH and improved diastolic function. MiR‐208a and β‐MHC expression decreased and THRAP‐1 increased. The decrease of miR‐208 was opposite to disease and can be a therapeutic strategy in pathological CH.


We present LSDA + U calculations of the magnon frequencies of transition-metal monoxides (TMOs) using the frozen magnon approach. We systematically vary U to investigate the effect of the on-site C ...


Author(s): Charles, Patrick | Advisor(s): Chen, Renkun | Abstract: Desiccant based dehumidification allows for independent treatment of latent and sensible properties in air conditioning systems and enables the use of energy-saving solar thermal evaporative cooling systems. These systems can reduce dependence on vaporcompression air conditioning which is a significant source of greenhouse gases. Recent research has focused on polymer-based desiccant materials which have higher adsorption capacities than conventional materials such as silica gel and zeolite. Solid desiccant materials used in dehumidification systems are typically utilized in a cycle in which they absorb water vapor from a process air stream and are then regenerated by a source of hot, dry air which evaporates and removes water contained in the material, allowing it to again absorb water from the process air. This research focuses on the development and testing of a hygroscopic salt impregnated, NIPAM hydrogel-based thermo-responsive desiccant material that can be regenerated by elevating the material to its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), enabling a significant energy saving over materials that require regeneration through water evaporation. At this LCST, the water adsorbed by the desiccant becomes insoluble in its NIPAM polymer matrix and is removed through droplet formation induced by gravity. Adsorption and regeneration testing was performed on the material to evaluate the feasibility of using this temperature-sensitive desiccant into a dehumidification system. Testing shows this composite material has a maximum SR of g 2 and analysis indicates improvement in regeneration heat requirements over existing desiccant materials.


Self-powered photodetectors have received great attention due to its advantages such as saving energy and compact size. Therefore, an attempt has been made to fabricate a self-biased NiO/Si heterojunction for the photodetection. In addition, the efficacy of Ag-nanoparticles on the photodetection under self-bias condition has been explored.


Background: Tuberculum sellae (T.S.) meningiomas accounts for 5–10% of all intracranial meningiomas. The primary goal of surgery is to improve or at least maintain visual function, but this objective poses a formidable surgical challenge, because of the risk of postoperative visual impairment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcome in TSM patients treated microsurgically using multiple skull base approaches such as transcranial approach and extended endonasal transsphenoidal approach.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 34 patients was aimed to observe the efficacy of the different common approaches by a single neurosurgeon. The approaches were minipterional approach, superciliary keyhole microscopic approach, superciliary keyhole endoscopic assisted approach, bifrontal basal approach and extended endoscopic endonasal approach. All the patients were evaluated preoperatively by visual field analysis and contrast MRI. Postoperative follow-up was done by visual field analysis and by contrast MRI or contrast CT scan of brain.
Result: Through transcranial surgery vision improved in 86.20%, static in 10.34% and deteriorated vision in 03.45%. Through transsphenoidal surgery vision improved in 80%, static in 20% and deteriorated in 0%. Through transcranial microscopic approaches (minipterional, minibifrontal basal, superciliary keyhole microscopic) gross total removal was done in 58.82%, near total in 10.34% and partial removal in 03.45%. Through transcranial/superciliary keyhole endoscopic assisted approach, gross total removal was done in 80% and near total in 20%. Through transsphenoidal approach gross total removal was done in 60%, near total in 20% and partial removal in 20%.
Conclusion: Now a days endoscopic assisted key hole superciliary mini craniotomy for resection of tuberculum sellae meningioma is commonly used because of less morbidity and good visual outcome and this can be done without microscopic set up. The endonasal route is preferred for removal of T.S. meningioma when they are mostly sellar and directing towards third ventricle. The major limitation of this approach is a narrow surgical corridor. The gross total removal was better achieved with minibifrontal basal and minipterional craniotomy.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 80-88


Abstract This qualitative study was concerned with examining the first language of young Mexicano bilinguals who had already learned enough English to work in all-English classrooms. In order to capture natural language usage within the school setting, five focal children were chosen, observed and audiotaped throughout their school day, for a period of roughly four months. This research presents data on the functions that Spanish continued to serve in the lives of these developing bilinguals. Additionally, it describes the competence they showed in their Spanish. Throughout their school day, in different roles, and in distinct contexts, the children used Spanish in varied and complex ways: (a) to provide information and assistance with school work; (b) to seek explanations, information and clarification; (c) to provide their own self-talk which helped them think through problems, plan strategies and assess their own work; d) to establish and maintain a variety of social relationships, juggling changes in ...


The vibratory model sinking sheet wall, being a new technique for seepage control, has been applied in seepage control projects of levees in Zhejiang, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu et al. In this paper, the principle, technical characteristics and project effects of this technique are introduced, and the problems that must be paid attention to are put forward based on the engineering practices.


In this letter we present a new design of a microstrip microwave PA (power amplifier) for PCS (Personal communication Services/System) applications at 1.85GHz and it is based on AT-41410 NPN transistor that has a high transition frequency of 10GHz. The design process apply in this work is obtained by ADS (Advanced Design System) software. The simulation results show good performances in terms of small and large-signal. The proposed amplifier design achieves a high gain in excess of 12.8dB. For the input reflection coefficient (S11) is below than -33.7dB. Regarding the output reflection coefficient (S22) is below than -29dB. Thus, the unilateral transmission (S12) is less than -19.5dB and for the output power is rise up of 18dBm at 1dB compression point.


ED438534 LINKING LITERACY A N D TECHNOLOGY A Guide for K-8 Classrooms. Shelley B. Wepner, William J. Valmont, b Richard Thurlow, Eds. 2000. 266 p . (Availablefiom EDRS andfiom: International Reading Association, 800 Barksdale Road, P.O. Box 8139, Newark, DE 19714-8139; wwlo.reading.org.) Based on the idea that instruction should drive technology, and not vice versa, this book sharesideas, options, and opportunities for using technology in the classroom. Vignettes and examples of classroom uses of technologyarepresented throughout the book to highlight concepts and help teachers support literacy goals. The essays in the book offer lesson plans that can be used in classrooms or computer labs. Eachlessonplanincludes objectives, materials, activities, and assessments.


Natural language spatial query is the expansion of intelligent information retrieval in GIS. The flexibility of natural language reduces the query difficulty for users,and meanwhile increases the rule matching difficulty of query sentences. Owing to this,a rule matching model was put forward based on levenshtein distance. In the word level,candidate words were provided through edit similarity and semantic similarity,which could establish the relation between unknown words and spatial thesaurus. In the sentence level,the idea of levenshtein distance was used to realize the rule matching of unknown sentence structure. Finally,a rule matching tool is developed,which verifies the feasibility of the model.


This study presented the structural characteristics of the roof type for 'ㅁ'-shaped housing and the possibility of sharing the floor and interior height because of the extension of bended-joint rooms and examined differences in the section plans between the "connection type" and "separate type". ㅁ-shaped housing was divided into a total of four types according to the roof type and extension of ondol rooms. This study indicated various dimensions such as interior height, side wing(Ik-sa-chae)'s height, and top purline(Jong-do-ri)'s height and analyzed the local and historical characteristics. Finally, this study examined the utilization of multi-layered space in side wing by type through the analysis of various section sizes of main hall(An-chae). The study results enabled us to make causal inferences about the largest distribution of "corner gambrel roof type".


Scenario-neutral approaches have become the preferred method of interpreting climate driven impacts on natural and engineered systems when analysing the reliability of water resource systems facing climate change. Scenario-neutral approaches help deal with uncertainty and potential decision paralysis, by stress-testing systems across a range of plausible future conditions, instead of analysing systems under a narrower selection of climate projections. This results in better identification of failure modes and a richer elucidation of system behaviour. A case-study application of a methodology that supports the bottom-up approach—driven by a software tool 'foreSIGHT'—is presented here. Applied to the Middle River Reservoir system, the scenario-neutral approach adopted here follows three steps to: i) provide insights into system dynamics, ii) reveal modes of failure due to changes in climate, and iii) understand when intervention may be required given multiple lines of evidence. The Middle River system (situated in Kangaroo Island, South Australia) comprises of a single reservoir with relatively small storage volume relative to the annual catchment inflows, resulting in large seasonal fluctuations in reservoir levels with regular filling in winter and drawdown over the dry season. The reservoir can hold approximately 200 ML more than the mean annual demand (450 ML), which is highly variable year to year. The occurrence of draw down below 6 and 2 m levels were of interest to the stakeholders, as they broadly indicate, the need to augment the water supply due to a decrease in water quality (below 6 m), and the reservoir emptying (below 2 m). The reliability of the water supply system in 2030 was the focus of the analysis, as this aligns with opportunities to upgrade infrastructure. Observed hydrological data for the Middle River catchment was analysed, and a coupled hydrological, water balance and demand model was used in order to determine a historical baseline of system performance over the period of 1961-2005. When modelling the system in response to the historical baseline as a benchmark of expected performance, it was found that in dry years the demand can be high enough to draw down the reservoir below 6 m. The modelled probability of that failure under a historical climate was ~2%. It was also found that following this period of stationary climate there has been an observed increase in PET of 8.3%, indicating that the system is already experiencing a 'changed' climate compared to the historical baseline. A climate stress-test of the Middle River water supply system following the foreSIGHT framework demonstrated that the system is sensitive to annual changes in rainfall and PET. These metrics both influence supply and demand, with decreases in rainfall primarily affecting streamflow, and increases in PET increasing the demand placed on the system. In many of these failures, the reservoir had not filled the previous year, therefore providing little warning to enable water augmentation strategies to be put into place. Under more extreme changes in climate, the reservoir cannot fill multiple years in a row, leading to multi-year failures. To establish an understanding of how the climate might have changed in 2030 relative to the historical baseline, multiple lines of evidence were considered including multiple sources of climate model projections for the year 2030, and the recent trend in observed PET. It was found using the scenario-neutral approach that in the climate conditions projected for the year 2030 the probability of failure of the reservoir dropping below 6 m could increase from 2% to 7-8%. Further, the observed trend in PET suggests the probability of failure may have already increased to 5%. This highlights a significant system sensitivity to relatively small changes in climate.


e14527 Background: Preclinical studies demonstrate synergistic anti-tumor activity with the combination of E + C.

METHODS
Patients received E per oral for days 1-21 of a 28 day cycle. E was dose escalated though 4 planned dose levels (DLs): 2.5 mg/day, 5 mg/day, 7.5 mg/day, and 10 mg/day. Cisplatin dose was fixed at 20 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 8, 15. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation scheme was used. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics were collected on Day 1 and Day 8 of Cycle 1. Response was assessed by RECIST after 2 cycles.

RESULTS
24 patients enrolled: 13 M, 11F; median age 62 (32-77); median number of prior cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens 1 (0-3; 75% with prior RT). At DL1, 3 patients were inevaluable (1 withdrawal of consent prior to treatment, 1 disease progression during cycle 1, 1 recurrent diverticulitis during cycle 1) and were replaced. DL 1 was expanded after a patient with melanoma metastatic to liver had sudden death of unclear cause, and the protocol was amended to exclude patients with hepatic dysfunction. At DL2, one patient experienced grade 3 small bowel obstruction of uncertain etiology, and the dose level was expanded to 6 evaluable patients without additional DLT. No DLTs occurred at DL3. No DLTs have occurred to date among 6 patients enrolled at DL 4. Adverse events per cycle (total n = 63 cycles; 20 patients evaluable for toxicity) include: lymphopenia G3 (19%), AST G3 (3.2%), alkaline phosphatase G3 (3.2%), ALT G3 (1.6%), hyponatremia (1.6%). Median cycles per patient, 2 (range <1 to 10+). Minor response seen in pulmonary carcinoid (n = 1); prolonged SD ≥ 6 cycles seen in pulmonary carcinoid (n=2), basal cell carcinoma (n=1), and esthesioneuroblastoma (n=1).

CONCLUSIONS
Pending safety analysis at the final planned dose level, the phase II recommended dose is E 10 mg/day (days 1 - 21) + C 20 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, and 15) on a 28-day cycle. [Table: see text].


One of the most currently important security problems on the Internet network is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. There are many solutions [1], [2] for analysis and protection against DDoS attacks at the terminal equipment level (system client, server system), but there is still no universally valid solution for any type of DDoS attack, at the network level. Our proposed method is based on the results of informational correlation [3] to the statistical control study, considering the three partitions of traffic flow defined in [4]. In the second part of the paper we present the technologies and the software solutions we used for the development and implementation of a monitoring application, identification and filtering of DDoS attacks. The theoretical issues that concern the proposed method are presented in the third part of the paper. The application testing made in a virtual and in a real environment is presented in the fourth part of the paper.


Image annotation has been an active research topic in the recent years due to its potentially large impact on both image understanding and web/database image search. In this paper, we target at solving the automatic image annotation problem in a novel semi-supervised learning framework. A novel multi-label correlated Green's function approach is proposed to annotate images over a graph. The correlations among labels are integrated into the objective function which improves the performance significantly. We also propose a new adaptive decision boundary method for multi-label assignment to deal with the difficulty of label assignment in most of the existing rank-based multi-label classification algorithms. Instead of setting the threshold heuristically or by experience, our method principally compute it upon the prior knowledge in the training data. We perform our methods on three commonly used image annotation testing data sets. Experimental results show significant improvements on classification performance over four other state-of-the-art methods. As a general semi-supervised learning framework, other local feature based image annotation methods could be easily incorporated into our framework to improve the performance.


Internal combustion engines (ICEs) are widely used in the road, sea, air and railway vehicles and stationary such as generators, pumps elevators or agricultural and construction machinery. The features expected from the ICEs differ according to the usage areas. For example; a vehicle engine should operate at a certain lower and upper engine speeds according to the engine load in constant gas condition and the features of the engine should be known in this range. On the other hand, a power plant engine must work at a constant speed under various loads for the electricity produced to be at a desired frequency. Diesel engines are widely used as stationary engines due to the higher fuel economy, especially in places where high power is required.Therefore, it is important to be known of the characteristics of the stationary engine under various operating conditions. In the presented study, it is aimed to determine experimentally the characteristics of a diesel engine under variable loads and at constant speed. In the experimental study, the characteristics of the engine such as air excess coefficient, torque, brake power, various efficiencies and fuel consumption were determined under variable loads by using a single–cylinder, four–stroke and water–cooled direct injection experimental diesel engine. Experimental results show that the variation of engine load affected considerably the investigated engine characteristics.


In Rank-aware query processing, reverse rank queries have already attracted significant interests. Reverse rank queries can find matching customers for a given product based on individual customers' preference. The results are used in numerous real-life applications, such as market analysis and product placement. Efficient processing of reverse rank queries is challenging because it needs to consider the combination on the given data set of user preferences and the data set of products. Currently, there are two typical reverse rank queries: Reverse top-k and reverse k-ranks. Both prefer top-ranking products and the most efficient algorithms for them have a common methodology that indexes and prunes the data set using R-trees. This kind of tree-based algorithms suffers the problem that their performance in high-dimensional data declines sharply while high-dimensional data are significant for real-life applications. In this paper, we propose an efficient scan algorithm, named Grid-index algorithm (GIR), for processing reverse rank queries efficiently. GIR algorithm uses an approximate values index to save computations in scanning and only requires a little memory cost. Our theoretical analysis guarantees the efficiency and the experimental results confirm that GIR has superior performance compared to tree-based methods in high-dimensional applications. CCS Concepts •Theory of computation → Database query processing and optimization (theory); c ©2017, Copyright is with the authors. Published in Proc. 20th International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT), March 21-24, 2017 Venice, Italy: ISBN 978-3-89318-073-8, on OpenProceedings.org. Distribution of this paper is permitted under the terms of the Creative Commons license CC-by-nc-nd 4.0 Figure 1: Example for RTK and RKR queries. (a): the top2 cell phones appreciated by users. (b): the RT-2 of each phone. (c): the rank list and the R1-R of each phone.


The article examines a case from the practice of geotechnical construction, when errors in the calculations of anchor piles performed by discharge-pulse technology (DPT anchor) and deviations from engineering solutions could lead to an emergency. During excavation of the foundation pit, an underground parking lot under construction, the enclosing structure, fixed with DPT anchors, received unacceptable displacements. Calculations established that the bearing capacity of the DPT anchors on the ground was overestimated up to 3 times. In addition, the analysis of the available materials on this object allowed the authors to identify serious violations in the construction of the latter. It is shows that when carrying out work on the preliminary tension of the DPT anchors, in some cases, already with an effort of 10 tons, there is a loss of their bearing capacity along the ground. As a result, it became necessary to redesign the anchorage.


Context. The space weathering timescale of near-Earth S-type asteroids has been investigated by several approaches (i.e., experiments, sample analyses, and theoretical approaches), yet there are orders of magnitude differences. Aims. We aim to examine the space weathering timescale on a near-Earth S-type asteroid, Itokawa using Hayabusa-AMICA images and further investigate the evolutional process of the asteroid. Methods. We focused on bright mottles on the boulder surfaces generated via impacts with interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). We compared the bright mottle size distribution with an IDP flux model to determine the space weathering timescale. Results. As a result, we found that the space weathering timescale on Itokawa's boulder surfaces is 10$^3$ years (in the range of 10$^2$-10$^4$ years), which is consistent with the timescale of space weathering by light ions from the solar wind. Conclusions. From this result, we conclude that Itokawa's surface has been weathered shortly in 10$^3$ years but portions of the surface are exposed via seismic shaking triggered by a recent impact that created the Kamoi crater.


A protection strategy to limit the converter step current and voltage of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) during a grid voltage dip is proposed. Traditional DFIG control schemes consider grid voltage to be ideal unchanged to simplify the design of rotor controller. When the grid falls,the converter may suffer from the rotor step overcurrents and overvoltages in DC-links. In order to enhance the dynamic stability of DFIG,both the rotor excitation control method and DC-link voltage control method are improved in this protection strategy. To realize the protection capability better,off-load circuit to limit the DC-link voltage are used. The correctness and validity of this protection strategy has been verified by simulation results on a 1.5MW DFIG riding through voltage dip.


Drought is associated with adverse environmental and societal impacts across various regions. Therefore, drought monitoring based on a single variable may lead to unreliable information, especially about the onset and persistence of drought. Previous studies show vapor pressure deficit (VPD) data can detect drought onset earlier than other drought indicators such as precipitation. On the other hand, Soil Moisture is a robust indicator for assessing drought persistence. This study introduces a nonparametric multivariate drought index Vapor Pressure Deficit Soil moisture standardized Drought Index (VPDSDI) which is developed by combining vapor pressure deficit (VPD) with soil moisture information. The performance of the multivariate index in terms of drought onset detection is compared with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for six major drought events across the United States including three flash drought events and three conventional drought events. Additionally, the performance of the proposed index in detecting drought persistence is compared with the Standardized Soil moisture Index (SSI), which is an agricultural drought index. Results indicate the multivariate index detects drought onset always earlier than SPI for conventional events, but VPDSDI detects drought onset earlier than or about the same time as SPI for flash droughts. In terms of persistence, VPDSDI detects persistence almost identical to SSI for both flash and conventional drought events. The results also show that combining VPD with soil moisture reduces the high variability of VPD and produces a smoother index which improves the onset and persistence detection of drought events leveraging VPD and soil moisture information.


In this paper after introducing a model of binary data matrix for physical measurements of an evolving system (of particles), we develop a Hilbert space as an ambient space to derive induced metric tensor on embedded parametric manifold identified by associated joint probabilities of particles observables (parameters). Parameter manifold assumed as space-like hypersurface evolving along time axis, an approach that resembles 3+1 formalism of ADM and numerical relativity. We show the relation of endowed metric with related density matrix. Identification of system density matrix by this metric tensor, leads to the equivalence of quantum Liouville equation and metric compatibility condition ∇ = 0 while covariant derivative of metric tensor has been calculated respect to Wick rotated time coordinate. After deriving a formula for expected energy of the particles and imposing the normalized Ricci flow as governing dynamics, we prove the equality of this expected energy with local scalar curvature of related manifold. Consistency of these results with Einstein tensor, field equations and Einstein-Hilbert action has been verified. Given examples clarify the compatibility of the results with well-known principles. This model provides a background for geometrization of quantum mechanics compatible with curved manifolds and information geometry.


While TREM2 coding variants are known risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, their contribution to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk is less clear. We hypothesized that rare coding variants in TREM2 are associated with increased risk for Parkinson's disease (PD), and that carriers of TREM2 coding variants represent a subtype of PD cases with different clinical characteristics and disease trajectory.


In Recent high-performance embedded system technology, applications are demanding very high performance from system with minimum available hardware resource. Due to this fast development, developer integrates more functionality into a single chip (Hardware). Reconfigurable architectures can adapt the behavior of the hardware resources to a specific computation that needs to be performed. Computing using reconfigurable architectures provides an alternate paradigm to utilize the available hardware resources. High performance with limited resources needs application-specific architectures (ASIC), while flexibility requires adaptive capabilities Reconfigurable computing devices promise to meet both needs i.e. flexibility and performance. Several advancements in the field of reconfigurable computing hardware and software are promising greater design flexibility and reduced cost and time to market in embedded system development environments. But the lack of efficient software tools, simpler design methodologies and standards are hindering the complete development of reconfigurable embedded system designs. While these devices are currently available but the issue of how to design these systems is unresolved. According to these requirements, we presents a proposal of architecture model of hardware and software using reconfigurable computing applied to reconfigurable embedded system design.


In this paper, the clinical application and experimental research literature of Jingfang Sanwu Beiji Wan was collected by searching the HowNet Periodicals Database. After finishing and finding out, Sanwu Beiji Wanyuan Formula is used to treat 100 cases of stroke and bloating, and modern clinical is often used to treat chronic indigestive enteritis, lead colic, intestinal obstruction, dysmenorrhea, facial and hands and feet Acute purulent infection and other diseases, and the effect is significant, the clinical can be used as a basis for reference. However, due to the toxicity of the croton contained in the recipe, its use has decreased significantly in recent years. However, croton also has its unique role. It can be used cautiously in the case of accurate clinical dialectics, strict control of its dosage and contraindications to ensure safety, effectiveness and non-toxicity.


This paper summarizes the results of an analytical study of laterally loaded cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) piles, which are typically used as the foundations for signposts and sound barrier walls along urban freeways. The CIDH pile derives its bearing capacity from passive earth resistance and is typically considered to be rigid in design and analysis. The analytical formulation, which calculates the ultimate lateral resistance and the point of rotation, considers (a) the nonplane strain soil wedge and (b) the concept of developed friction angle and cohesion to describe the transition of passive lateral earth pressure development from the initial to the ultimate lateral loading condition. Finally, the developed formulation was used to compare the results with those obtained from field and laboratory model testing. Included are comparisons of the ultimate lateral load, the point of rotation, and the distribution of the passive lateral earth pressure.


Summary The intravenous injection of a mixture of ammo-acids (enzymic hydrolysate of casein) was followed in a few hours by a significant increase in the serum albumin concentration of fasting dogs rendered hypoproteinemic by a severe hemorrhage. Since the serum globulin concentration and the relative red cell volume both decreased, it is inferred that the increase in serum albumin concentration was due to a regeneration.


Contemporary performance artists use Virtual Reality (VR) tools to create immersive narratives and extend the boundaries of traditional performance mediums. As the medium evolves, performance practice is changing with it. Our work explores ways to leverage VR to support the creative process by introducing the Virtual Rehearsal Suite (VRS) that provides users with the experience of a large-scale rehearsal or performance environment while occupying limited physical space and minimal real-world obstructions. In this paper, we discuss findings from scene study experiments conducted within the VRS. In addition, we contribute our thresholding protocols a framework designed to support user transitions into and out of VR experiences. Our integrated approach to digital performance practice and creative collaboration combines traditional and contemporary acting techniques with HCI research to harness the innovative capabilities of virtual reality technologies creating accessible, immersive experiences for actors while facilitating user presence through state change protocols.


The invention belongs to the functional food processing field, and particularly relates to a preparation method for instant asparagus granules. According to the preparation method for the instant asparagus granules, asparagus is used as a raw material; and the method comprises the steps of subjecting asparagus to pretreatment, enzyme deactivation, fragmentation, squeezing, filtration and concentration; then adding maltodextrin, high fructose syrup, beta-cyclodextrine and malic acid; refining by colloid milling; carrying out homogenizing and super-fine processing at a high pressure; carrying out spray drying and granulating into preparations to obtain the instant asparagus granules. The high-quality and functional instant asparagus granules with pure fragrance and clear taste after being drunk by brewing is produced by carefully selecting high-quality asparagus. Due to refinement of granules, specific surface area is increased; and super-fine instant granules have good sold fragrance, fluidity, water retention and dissolvability. Meanwhile, the instant asparagus granules have dual health-care functions of regulating human body metabolism and enhancing body immunity, and is beneficial to health by being drunk for a long time.


The invention relates to a device, system, and method for a headphone that detects whether the device is in use and either automatically powers up the device when in use, or automatically powers down the device when not in use, or both.


In the present work we have investigated the oxidation of L-3,4 -dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) using colloidal cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) as a photocatalyst. The CdS NPs were synthesized and characterized using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the CdS NPs oxidized L-Dopa within 30 min of irradiation using a 200 W Hg(Xe) arc lamp. The oxidation product was identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC analyses were carried out on a reverse-phase C18 column under isocratic conditions using methanol/water (10/90) as the mobile phase. The retention time of the product matched with that of dopachrome. The mechanistic studies indicated the participation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the photocatalytic oxidation of L-Dopa. The kinetic analysis was carried out using the Michaelis-Menten equation. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared CdS NPs mimicked the activity of the catechol oxidase enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the oxidation of L-Dopa using semiconductor NPs.


Abstract Do seniors have different public spending preferences than younger people? The literature on this topic has been limited so far to a few policies or to short periods of time, which makes it difficult to provide a comprehensive answer to this question. Using data from Canadian surveys conducted between 1987 and 2019 and covering fifteen policies, this paper shows that seniors, as compared to younger adults, are slightly more favourable to the status quo when it comes to government spending. Results also show that support for education spending decreases extensively over the life cycle, while support for environment spending decreases until middle age, then stabilizes. In contrast, support for transportation spending is more widespread in older age, while support for elderly services takes an inverted U-shape over the life cycle. These findings broaden our understanding of the influence of age on government spending preferences and allow us to reflect on the consequences of a growing senior electorate on government budgets.


In this paper, a quaternion based nonlinear output feedback tracking controller is developed to address the attitude and altitude tracking problem of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which is subject to structural uncertainties and unknown external disturbances. A set of filters are introduced to provide estimation for the unmeasurable quadrotor UAV's angular and translational velocity signals. The Lyapunov based stability analysis ensures that a semi-global asymptotic tracking result is achieved and all closed loop states remain bounded with a suitable choice of control gains.


Fibrous anatase titania with a high surface area and well-defined mesostructures has been prepared by precipitating of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with ammonia in the presence of acetic acid as the liquid dispersion medium.


The current research aims at revealing the use of theatrical performances in alleviating shyness and emotionality among university students. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the quasi-experimental method, the tools of the study were the (shyness-emotional), the tools were applied to a sample of(40)students Specific Education Aswan University and the research reached several results, the most important of which are: There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the study sample students in the tribal and remote measures of the (shyness-emotional) scale in favor of the post-measurement. . There are also statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the two measurements, before and after, in favor of the postmeasurement on the shyness and emotionality scale. There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the pre and post measurements in favor of the post measurement to reduce emotional intensity on the shyness and emotionality scale, and there is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the study sample students in the post measurement of the (shynessemotional) scale according to gender. (males and females).


The invention aims at providing a horizontal glass straight-line four-side grinding wheel type edge grinding machine. The edge grinding machine reduces the waste of grinding wheels and extends the service life of the grinding wheels by the structural design of changing the grinding points of the grinding wheels on glass, and prevents the glass from being crushed and scratched and improves the transmission precision in the grinding process by the structural design of utilizing a sucker for transmission. When the sizes of the glass are different, the glass edge-grinding task can be completed by shaping eight edges in one step without adjustment.


The majority of kidney transplant (KT) candidates spend some time on the transplant wait‐list (WL) prior to kidney transplantation. We examined the impact of WL inactivity on clinical outcomes.


SHI2002 group signature scheme is an improvement for Tseng-Jan method.By analyzing its security,the results shows that the scheme can't prevent adversary from universal forgery,that is,anyone who isn't in a group can forge a membership certificate and a corresponding secret key without group manager's permission.The person can produce a valid group signature on any message with the membership certificate and the secret key.That results in anyone who isn't in the group can sign on behalf of the group,but the group manager can't reveal the identity of the signer.So the scheme can't protect benefit of the group.


Energy is the most important factor for the economic development of a country. In order to cope with increased demand of energy, an efficient photovoltaic (PV) power generation system needs to be developed. The efficiency of PV module is very less and it shows nonlinear characteristics due to variation in solar irradiance and operating temperature. The efficiency of the PV system can be improved by operating the system at its maximum power point (MPP) which can be accomplished by adopting maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques. This paper addresses implementation of an fuzzy logic based MPPT method. MPPT tracking mechanism such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm and Fuzzy-MPPT (FMPPT) for PV power generation system are implemented in this work. The performance of FMPPT is compared with that of P&O MPPT. Since FMPPT can handle nonlinearity very well and can track the MPP more precisely and rapidly, it provides better performance than P&O technique in tracking of MPP.


This paper provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of currently available international and regional human rights case-law on the applicability of human rights law in the context of disaster situations and the protection of disaster victims through the provision of humanitarian assistance. The paper builds on work currently carried out in various international fora regarding the clarification of applicable legal frameworks to disaster situations, and the role that human rights law plays in this matter. While addressing the work of all three regional human rights supervisory systems and the work of relevant UN treaty monitoring bodies, the paper mostly focuses on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and the UN system.The paper evidences specifically that human rights supervisory bodies have already clearly considered human rights law to be applicable to disaster situations, and have started to clarify obligations of protection and humanitarian assistance - at the national level and international level - on a large number of occasions. The analysis affirms especially the importance and viability of taking a human rights based approach into account in disaster management, while moreover supporting the importance of focusing on the recognition and establishment of a 'full cycle of protection' in disaster situations, i.e. as bearing on responsibilities for protection in all stages of disasters, including "prevention and preparedness", "response" and "recovery".


The formulation of the alpha decay rate theory based on the independent- particle shell model wave functions ls extended to apply to spheroidally deformed nuclei. This method essentially projects out of the shell model wave function of the most light1y bound neutrons and protons a finite-sized gaussian, singlet-spin alpha-particle internal wave function, resulting in a wave function in the centerof-mass coordinate of the alpha cluster. This wave function serves to fix the boundary condition on the nuclear surface for the irregular type Coulomb wave solution through the anisotropic barrier. The independent-particle formulation is generalized to include correlation effects arising from the pairing interaction. Numerical calculations of relative alpha intensities to rotational states of several even nuclei of elements 92 to 100 are carried out using numerlcal wave functions. The theoretical results nicely show the essential features of the relative intensity patterns, although the theoretical intensity of the decay to the first excited 2+ state is too high. The absolute transition probability calculated for Cm/sup 242/ is about a factor of 60 too low assuming a particular optical model potential for the barrier, but the factor is extremely sensitive to this latter assumption. The essential role of the configuration mixing inducedmore » by the pairing force in smoothing the decay rate changes from nucleus to nucleus, and in giving a large enhancement of the absolute rate, is pointed out in the discussion. (auth)« less


Nucleolar 4 to 6 S RNA of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells was fractionated by exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Three peaks of RNA were separated: I, a fraction that emerged in the void volume; II, a fraction emerging in the exclusion volume of 5 S RNA; and III, a 4 S RNA peak. Peak I, eluted in the void volume, contained approximately half the nucleolar 4 to 6 S RNA and had the highest incorporation of radioactivity among the three fractions 20 to 40 min after 32P-orthophosphate was injected into the ascites fluid. Each peak contained one major and one or more minor RNA bands of different mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; the fastest moving bands were in the 4 S RNA fraction of Peak III, the slowest moving bands were in Peak I, and RNA bands of intermediate mobility were in Peak II. In addition, Peak I contained an RNA band which has not hitherto been described. Although the template activity of the RNA in each of the peaks was low, that of Peak I was the highest of the three fractions. The RNA in Peak II, which corresponds to ribosoma15 S RNA in electrophoretic mobility and elution from Sephadex, had a higher content of uridylic acid (28.8%) and a lower content of cytidylic acid than ribosomal 5 S RNA. Virtually all of the amino acid acceptor activity was found in the 4 S RNA of Peak III. The presence of RNA other than amino acid acceptor RNA in Peak III is indicated by the base composition of the RNA, the low level of amino acid acceptor activity, and the low level of incorporation of %-methylmethionine. These studies indicate that nucleolar 4 to 6 S RNA contains components that are different from those of the cytoplasmic soluble 4 S RNA or the ribosomal 5 S RNA as indicated by base composition, template activity, and amino acid acceptor activity.


For a comparative evaluation of three turbulence models in the analyses of thermal discharge behavior into a crossflow, a 2-dimemsional near-field numerical model is developed. The selected models are k- and k-ι turbulence models as a 2-equation turbulence model and a 4-equation turbulence model in which the transport equations for mean of the temperature fluctuation squared and its dissipation rate for the consideration of buoyancy production and turbulent heat flux terms are added to a k- turbulence model. The developed models are applied to a steady flow in an open channel with simple geometry and the numerical results agree with the existing experimental data. Numerical results of buoyancy induced gravitational lateral spreading by 4-equation turbulence model agree with the experimental data better than those of 2-quation turbulence models. The flow patterns by 4 and 2-equation turbulence models are similar.


In the article the scientific discussion about the correlation of the norms of administrative and labour law is considered while regulating the relations in the sphere of state civil service. The basic idea is as follows Russian legislation about civil service which is on the whole similar to labour legislation cannot be considered as its component any more. On the other hand it would be wrong to consider civil service as the area of administrative-legal regulation only.


For intelligent environments to become broadly adopted, they need to employ advanced user interface technologies. Such user interfaces have to provide support for personalization, accessibility, context-awareness, openness for 3party contributions, agent-based user interfaces and management of user interfaces. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a user interface resource server, and how it supports each of these requirements. We describe related existing systems and how far they go in meeting these requirements, including the global resource server provided by dot UI. Finally, we identify future work.


For plasma velocity space instabilities driven by particle distributions significantly deviated from a Maxwellian, weak collisions can damp the instabilities by an amount that is significantly beyond the collisional rate itself. This is attributed to the dual role of collisions that tend to relax the plasma distribution toward a Maxwellian and to suppress the linearly perturbed distribution function. The former effect can dominate in cases where the unstable non-Maxwellian distribution is driven by collisionless transport on a timescale much shorter than that of collisions, and the growth rate of the ideal instability has a sensitive dependence on the distribution function. The whistler instability driven by electrostatically trapped electrons is used as an example to elucidate such a strong collisional damping effect of plasma velocity space instabilities, which is confirmed by first-principles kinetic simulations.


The main purpose of the study was to investigate the strategies and Media teachers and students used in teaching and learning Oral literature in selected secondary schools in Nakuru District with the view to determining their understanding and utilization of the same. Past studies and various oral literature scholars have emphasized the need to expose the learner to a variety of experiences if the teaching and learning or oral literature has to be complete. This, therefore, calls for the utilization of a variety of strategies and Media. However, no study on strategies and Media and the teaching of oral literature has been carried out. This study, therefore, is aimed at stimulating total but conscious and systematic application of strategies and Media in teaching and learning oral literature in Secondary Schools. The study was conducted in four maintained, four Assisted and four Private Secondary Schools. The target group was Secondary school teachers that handled Literature in English in schools that had registered candidates for the Kenya Certificate of Education


Since this book also appears as the first supplemen t of a new electronic journal, Ancient Narrative (henceforth AN), with which it shares some features, it makes sen e to introduce both together: the articles published in AN appear on its website with free access to abstracts and reviews (a website every scholar interested in ancient novel should v isit) and they are subject to discussion for some months; aft er year the authors revise their papers and they are definitively edited both in a printed version of the journal and on the website. The same procedure is followed for the chapters of the supplements. An abstract of every paper in this book and brief curricula of all the c ontributors can be found on this web page.