The study subjects were the equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (MPE), caused by Sarcocystis neurona, toxoplasmosis, zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, and neosporosis, caused by Neospora caninum and N. hughesi. These protozoa are acquired by ingesting contaminated food and water, causing neurological and reproductive disorders, predominantly subclinical infections, causing losses to farmers. Once the southern Minas stands out in national equidculture for being the birthplace of Mangalarga Marchador horse, being economically strategic for the creation of the breed, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against these parasites in horses of this breed created in the region and check the risk factors associated with positivity. 506 clinically healthy horses were analyzed, from 53 properties located in southern Minas Gerais. Serum samples were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with cutoff of 1:80, 1:64 and 1:50 respectively for S. neurona, T. gondii and Neospora spp. The seroprevalence found among horses for these three parasites were respectively 26%, 19.9% and 23.9%. In the properties, these prevalences were 88.3%, 71.6% and 85%. These results indicate that the southern Minas is an enzootic area for the three protozoa in Mangalarga Marchador horses, predominantly subclinical, chronic or asymptomatic infection. The horizontal transmission seems to be the main mode of transmission of these parasites and different risk factors are associated with seropositivity in horses. Further research is needed to establish which factors increase the risk of transmission of these agents, as well as determine which species of Neospora that infects horses.


Insemination techniques in the veterinary field demand more objective methods to control the quality of sperm samples. In particular, different factors may damage a number of sperm cells that is difficult to predict in advance. This paper addresses the problem of quantifying the proportion of damaged/intact sperm cells in a given sample based on computer vision techniques and supervised learning. Unlike common supervised classification approaches, neither the individual example classification is important nor the class distribution assumed in learning can be considered stationary. To deal with this, an estimation process based on Posterior Probability estimates (PP), and known to increase the classifier accuracy under changes in class distributions, is assessed here for quantification purposes. It is compared with two approaches based on the classifier confusion matrix (Adjusted Count and Median Sweep) and the naive approach based on classifying and counting. Experimental results with boar sperm samples and back propagation neural networks show that the PP based quantification outperforms any of the previously considered approaches in terms of the Mean Absolute Error, Kullback Leibler divergence and Mean Relative Error. Moreover, in spite of an imperfect classification, the PP approach guarantees a uniform Mean Absolute Error (around 3%) for whatever combination of training and test class distributions, what is very promising in this practical field.


This paper sets out to illustrate the nature of the Canada-Mexico bilateral relationship and to identify some of the potential areas for mutual cooperation. In the remarkably short span of the last ten years, Canada and Mexico have developed a more dynamic and mature relationship based on frequent exchanges within ad hoc working groups and informal exchanges that cover a broad range of economic, political and social issues, including human rights, elections, good governance, federalism, and trade; all of them priority areas for Canada's foreign policy. While this strategy has enabled both countries to deal with these issues in a very flexible way and with visible and concrete results, thus facilitating the strengthening of their bilateral relationship, this relationship is practiced in so many areas at lower levels of government that although effective it remains invisible for the people who are not involved in it directly. The challenge for these two countries as they try to redefine their foreign policy (and with it their role in the world) is to build on the achievements of this bilateral relationship and to use them as a basis for joint actions in other regional settings.


The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of spinodally decomposed Fe-Cr-Co ductile permanent magnet alloys was investigated using transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, tensile testing, and Charpy impact testing. Isothermal aging and step aging of four alloys (Fe-28 wt % Cr-15 wt % Co, Fe-23 wt % Cr-15-wt % Co-5 wt % V, Fe-23 wt % Cr-15 wt % Co-3 wt % V-2 wt % Ti, and Fe-31 wt % Cr-23 % Co) resulted in decomposition into two phases, an Fe-Co rich (..cap alpha../sub 1/) phase and a Cr rich (..cap alpha../sub 2/) phase. The microstructural features of the decomposition products were consistent with those expected from a spinodal reaction and agree with the reported work on the Fe-Cr-Co system. An Fe-23 wt % Cr-15 wt % Co-5 wt % V alloy was found to have, among the four alloys, the best combinations of strength and ductility.


Background: This study aimed to determine the ameliorative effects of Physalis angulata leaf extract on L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced preeclampsia symptoms in rats. Methods: Phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6). Preeclampsia rats were injected with L-NAME on gestation days 9 to 18 (G9–G18), while sham rats were injected with the same vehicle volume. Three groups of preeclampsia rats were orally supplemented with the extract at doses of 500, 1500, and 2500 mg/kg body weight/day on G12–G18. The tail-cuff method measured blood pressures. Spectrophotometry determined urine protein levels. Serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt)-1 levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum and placental malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by colorimetry. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine tail artery endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), placental eNOS, and placental hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expressions. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) were counted using flow cytometry. Results: L-NAME injection increased blood pressures, 24-h total urine protein level, serum sFlt-1 level, serum and placental MDA levels, percentages of CACs and ECFCs, and placental HIF-1α expression. It also decreased serum and placental SOD activities, serum NO level, tail artery and placental eNOS expressions compared to the sham group. Physalis angulata leaf extract administration lowered blood pressures, urine protein level, sFlt-1 level, MDA levels, percentages of CACs and ECFCs, and placental HIF-1α expression. The extract increased SOD activities, NO level, tail artery and placental eNOS expressions compared to the preeclampsia group. Conclusions: Physalis angulata leaf extract reduces antiangiogenic factor and oxidative stress. It also enhances eNOS/NO signaling. Thus, it improves EPC and endothelial cell function and reverses L-NAME-induced hypertension and proteinuria in preeclampsia rats.


The present invention relates to a method for performing size conversion in a continuous web of corrugated cardboard. Continuous corrugated board web in the transport direction by means of the transfer apparatus. With the conveying direction of the corrugated cardboard web slitting device cutting the corrugated board web (5). The slitting means (5) comprises at least two longitudinal cutting tool (32), the longitudinal cutting tool (32) adjustable in height and its position can be adjusted transversely to the conveying direction.


Abstract : The dynamic behavior of strumming hydrophone cables associated with air-launched sonobuoy surveillance systems is reported for a 200 to 3000 Reynolds number range. The study techniques and the scaling laws have application wherever underwater flexible cables are employed. Results are reported in four specific areas: experimental diagnostic techniques, cable tuning effects, frequency scaling law, and dynamic motion analysis.


This study addresses a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts. Discrepancies in the meta-law, body of law or law above law. The study is to find out the obstacles and challenges of rights in constitution and Iraqi constitution as a case study. In post-2003, after the fall of Saddam Hussein, new constitution been imposed on Iraq (as some scholars affirm that) by the US. Moreover, both liberalism and Islamism been pushed as a law in "Iraqi New Constitution". The study will focus on the individual, minority, and gender rights Islamism principle in Iraqi constitution and the inconsistency between both liberalism and Islamism in Iraqi Constitution. To test our argument, the study is using quantitative data. The study finds out that Iraqi constitution articles are inconsistent with each other. What is more, there are declining in the rights of individual, minority, and women.


Coal, being an extreme example of a heterogeneous material, is commonly characterized by optical refl ectance measurements from its microscopically recognizable individual constituents call ed macerals. Since coal is opaque, it lends itself well to analysis by the photoacoustic effect. We have adapted a commercial reflectance microscope t3 record a maceral's photoacoustic response by both the gas microphone and piezoelectric detection methods. These two techniques yield complementary data on the thermal properties of individual maceral s. The first reflects the maceral's surface temperature, controlled mainly by its thermal conductivity, and the second reflects the thermoelastic conversion of this heat to strain through the thermal expansion coefficient. Results will be presented cornparins these two detection techniques for thermal analysis on various t ypes of coal.


The biology of two populations of Spratelloides lewisi, one from the Ysabel Passage and the other from Cape Lambert, were studied during 1980 and 1981. A total of 2201 specimens of S. lewisi were collected from a regular sampling programme of tuna bait-fish catches. The annual length frequency distributions for both populations indicated differences in the full recruitment length and maximum size attained between the two populations. The age and growth of S. lewisi was described at both locations by von Bertalanffy growth curves fitted to length-at-age data obtained by reading the daily growth increments of the sagittae. Ovarian maturation data suggested there was no distinct spawning seasonality for this species: spawning was either protracted or markedly reduced over several months. The total annual mortality rates for both populations of S. lewisi were high, but consistent with those of other short-lived fishes. An estimate of the natural mortality rate for the Ysabel Passage population of S. lewisi by an empirical method corresponded very closely to another estimate based on the relationship between total mortality and fishing effort.


A 38 year old man presented in with a three month history of progressive weakness of all four limbs. He also had numbness and tingling sensation in his arms and legs for the same period of time. The weakness in his leg had progressed to an extent that he was unable to walk unsupported and recently had a few falls. Over the last previous months he had shown deterioration in visual acuity especially of the left eye. There was no significant past medical history. He was a non-smoker and denied taking alcohol in excess.

Power was grade 3–4 in all four limbs. The tendon reflexes were absent and the plantar responses were down going. There was diminution in all modalities of sensation in both upper and lower limbs in a glove and stocking distribution. His retinal photograph is shown in fig 1. Rest of the cranial nerves were normal.

Figure 1
Retinal photograph of left eye showing papilloedema. There is severe swelling of the optic disc associated with dilated retinal veins and peripapillary haemorrhages.

Full blood count, urea and electrolytes, glucose, serum vitamin B12, thyroid and liver function tests were normal. Autoantibodies, syphilis …


The superstructure is all components that are above the ground. The function of the superstructure is as a support for the building with an upward elongated shape, such as frames, trusses, beams, and columns. The column is a vertical compression member of the structural frame that carries the load from the beam. The construction of this warehouse is located in Tanjung Morawa using IWF steel columns. In this study, the strength of the steel columns was analyzed by modeling using SAP 2000 V.14 and manually calculated on the F portal using the LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) method. The research method uses primary data, namely direct field observations in the form of interviews, and secondary data, namely data taken from the contractor in the form of pictures or from books, previous research, and so on. Based on the results of structural modeling using SAP 2000 V.14, it was concluded that the building is safe; on manual analysis on the F portal, it can be concluded that the steel columns WF-300×150×9×13 and WF-350×175×7×11 are capable of carrying factored compressive loads.


Much of the theory for distributed computing is constructed with global states, i.e. simultaneous local states across space. Unfortunately, it is known|since the discovery of relativity|that global states do not exist. It is therefore inevitable that, to progress as a science, the theory must be rebuilt without using global states. This paper proposes that such a new direction begin with self-stabilization. It redeenes self-stability, applies the new deenition to mutual exclusion, and demonstrates a matching correctness proof for a message-passing version of Dijkstra's three-state protocol.


Roger Caillois (1913-1978), a polymath and early champion in France of Borges's writing, launched the Croix du Sud series for Gallimard in 1952, which introduced a number of Latin American writers to French readers. He co-founded the College of Sociology with Georges Bataille in the 1930s and spent World War II in South America, sponsored in part by Victoria Ocampo. His books include Man, Play and Games (1958) and The Writing of Stones (1970).


Accurately estimating origin-destination (OD) network traffic is crucial for network management and capacity planning. However, the potential network anomaly and complex noise make this goal difficult to achieve. Existing network traffic estimation methods usually impute network traffic independent of anomaly detection, which ignores the potential relationship between the two tasks to help each other in achieving better performance. Moreover, these approaches can only be suitable for simple Gaussian or outlier noise assumptions, which cannot be applied to more complex noise distributions in practical applications. To address these issues, we propose a novel anomaly-tolerant network traffic estimation approach for simultaneously estimating network traffic and detecting network anomaly. Specifically, by utilizing the inherent low-rank property and temporal characteristic of traffic matrix, we formulate the network traffic estimation problem as a noise-immune temporal matrix completion (NiTMC) model, where the complex noise is fitted by mixture of Gaussian (MoG), and the network anomaly is smoothed by the $L_{2,1}$ -norm regularization. In addition, we also design a convergence-guaranteed optimization algorithm based on the expectation maximization (EM) and block coordinate update (BCU) methods to solve the proposed model. Furthermore, to deal with large-scale network problems, we develop a scalable and memory-efficient algorithm by employing stochastic proximal gradient descent (SPGD) method. Finally, the extensive experiments performed on real datasets demonstrate that our proposed NiTMC model outperforms the previously widely used network traffic estimation methods.


SiC-TiC composite powders were synthesised in argon atmosphere by a carbothermal reduction method using silica sol, TiO 2 , and different carbon sources (i.e., graphite and starch) as the raw materials. The effects of carbon source types and reaction temperatures on the phase composition, particle size distribution, and microstructure of SiC-TiC composite powders were investigated. The reaction mechanism of SiC-TiC composite powders was also discussed. Results showed that SiC-TiC composite powders can be synthesized under optimum conditions (i.e., 1600 o C for 2 hrs using graphite as carbon source and 1550 o C for 2 hrs using starch as carbon source). The SiC-TiC composite powders prepared at 1600 o C comprised a small amount of large-sized tabular grains, a large number of fine irregular rod-like and approximately spherical particles 200-400 nm in size using graphite as carbon source. The SiC-TiC composite powders prepared at 1550 o C were composed of flaky particles, spherical particles (~ 100-200 nm), and whiskers (50-200 nm in diameter) using starch as carbon source. The growth mechanism of SiC whiskers synthesised in powder samples followed the vapor-solid mechanism.


Aim: To investigate the versatility of sexible intramedullary nails (FIN) in the surgical treatment of forearm fractures in children. Methods: 28 children were treated using FIN for displaced forearm fractures over a period of 5 years. There were 18 boys and 10 girls. The mean age was 11.5 years and the mean follow up were 7.9 months. Two nails were used one each for radius and ulna. 12 children were operated for unstable displaced fractures, 14 were operated after failed initial reduction and 2 were operated for open fractures. 16 were nailed by closed method, 12 had mini open technique in cases of failed initial closed reduction. The nails were removed on an average of 6–8 months. Results: All the children achieved bony union in excellent position. The average time for union was 5.6 weeks. All but 2 patients had full range of movements and none had any functional difþculty. 3 children had transient hypo aesthesia in the area of superþcial radial nerve distribution and one child developed compartment syndrome which needed fasciotomy. There were no long term sequel. Conclusions: Use of FINs in paediatric forearm fractures should be encouraged when surgical intervention is needed. They are axially and rotationally stable. They are safe to introduce and remove at a later date. Their sexibility allows remodelling of the fracture and growth of the long bones.


In this article, free vibration attributes of zigzag double-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on nonlocal elastic shell model have been investigated. The impact of small scale is being perceived by establishing Flugge shell model. The wave propagation is engaged to frame the ruling equations as eigen value system. The influence of nonlocal parameter subjected to different end supports has been overtly examined. A suitable choice of material properties and nonlocal parameter been focused to analyze the vibration characteristics. The new set of inner and outer tubes radii investigated in detail against aspect ratio and length. The dominance of boundary conditions via nonlocal parameter is shown graphically. The results generated furnish the evidence regarding applicability of nonlocal shell model and also verified by earlier published literature.


The long‐term limit of zero‐coupon rates with respect to the maturity does not always exist. In this case we use the limit superior and prove corresponding versions of the Dybvig–Ingersoll–Ross theorem, which says that long‐term spot and forward rates can never fall in an arbitrage‐free model. Extensions of popular interest rate models needing this generalization are presented. In addition, we discuss several definitions of arbitrage, prove asymptotic minimality of the limit superior of the spot rates, and illustrate our results by several continuous‐time short‐rate models.


Abstract—Several coil structures have been used in accelerator superconducting quadrupole magnets, and cos2θ quadrupole magnets are the most mature in theoretical research and engineering applications. However, the cos2θ quadrupole magnet has a complicated coil structure, especially at the end of the coil, which makes it difficult to apply strain-sensitive high-temperature superconductors. Racetrack quadrupole magnets are friendly to high-temperature superconductors. Field strength of iron-dominated racetrack magnets is limited by the magnetic saturation of the iron poles. Therefore, coil-dominated racetrack quadrupole magnets with simple geometry have become the focus of our research. In this paper, analytical expressions of the magnetic field harmonics related to racetrack quadrupole coil parameters are obtained. These expressions are used to find the solution of coil geometry parameters with field harmonics on the order of 10. Then, examples are given to build ideal quadrupole model and verify the theoretical formulas. Next, the design and optimization of example racetrack quadrupole magnets are completed in ROXIE. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the racetrack coils and the cos2θ coils are compared and discussed.


In 2015, interesting results have been published in a Phase IIb clinical trial for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), and in particular for the lung disease occurring in this genetic syndrome. CF patients were treated with the complementary DNA (cDNA) for CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene complexes with a liposomal formulation and delivered to the upper airways by aeroionisation [1]. In the last years, gene therapy has accomplished several successes in treating, and sometime curing, diseases that were previously untreatable or for which only temporary or suboptimal treatments were available, including haematological, immunological, ocular, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, and cancer [2]. A benchmark in the regulatory and clinical development of gene therapy was achieved with Glibber, an adenoid-associated (AAV) viral vector for treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency, which was approved by the European Medicines Agency in 2012 [3].


In this paper, we present an MMIC amplifier for the frequency range of 180 to 220 GHz. This amplifier is fabricated using a 70-nm GaAs mHEMT technology. It is a 5-stage amplifier in common-source topology. On-wafer probing shows over 20 dB small-signal gain from 173 to 220 GHz with peak gain of 32 dB at 188 GHz. Saturation output power level of -1 dBm and 1-dB gain compression output power level of -3 dBm are achieved.


According to the conventional thin section of core,the physical properties and the analysis of mercury and other experimental data and the well log interpretation results,we do the analysis and researches about the rock characteristics,physical properties,pore type,pore structure and reservoir distribution characteristics of the Sinian Dengying formation in the Weiyuan gasfield,the research shows that master control factors are diagenesis; in the main the reservoir space are cavity-type cracks followed by the cave;the reservoir is the overlay lens, combined separately into a dense rock with a composite lenticulardolomite reservoir.The reservoirof Weiyuan gas field is estimated to be the second level reservoiraccording to the physical property parameters.


We address the non-perturbative calculation of the decay rate of inclusive semi-leptonic 𝐵 ( 𝑠 ) mesons decays from lattice QCD. Precise theoretical Standard Model predictions are key ingre-dients in searches for new physics. This type of computation may eventually provide new insight into the long-standing tension between the inclusive and exclusive determinations of the CKM matrix elements | 𝑉 𝑐𝑏 | and | 𝑉 𝑢𝑏 | . We perform a pilot lattice computation for 𝐵 𝑠 → 𝑋 𝑐 𝑙𝜈 𝑙 and improve on existing techniques. The valence-quark masses in our simulations are approximately physical for the domain-wall strange and charm quarks as well as for the bottom quark


The synthesis and characterization of complexes of the ligand 1,2,6,7-tetracyano-3,5-dihydro-3,5-diiminopyrrolizinide, [ML2]·nA (M = Fe 1 or Co 2; A = crystallization solvent) are described. For A = 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme), n= 2, the compounds are isomorphous and isostructural as shown by crystal structure determinations. The central metal atom, which lies on a symmetry centre, co-ordinates four imino groups in a square-planar arrangement within the ligand equatorial plane, and completes its octahedral, tetragonally distorted MNeq4Nax2 co-ordination geometry with two axial cyano groups from two crystallographically equivalent complex molecules. The only significant difference between the two structures is confined to the M–N bond distances [Fe–Neq 2.090(5); Fe–Nax 2.295(5); Co–Neq 2.017(5); Co–Nax 2.369(5)A]. Variable-temperature magnetic measurements on these two complexes reveal that they are both high-spin species (S= 2 and , respectively) with antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions, which are stronger when M = Co. The optical spectra of both sets of complexes are very similar to those of corresponding metal phthalocyanines. Also, both can be chemically oxidized by using O2 as oxidant in MeCN solution to give insoluble polymeric species, corresponding analytically to the formulae [FeL3(O2)]·6MeCN and [CoL2(O2)]·4MeCN. These complexes are shown to be superoxo adducts in which the dioxygen is centrosymmetrically bridged between the metal atoms in the formal oxidation state FeIV and CoIII respectively.


In this chapter we study some distributional properties of order statistics and record values based on Fα distributions. The Fα distributions have been widely studied in statistics since 1995 because of their wide applicability in the modeling and analysis of life time data. Many researchers and authors have developed various classes of Fα distributions. Below we first briefly describe the definitions and properties of Fα distributions and review some selected members of Fα family of distributions. Then the distributional properties of record values and order statistics from these distributions are presented. For details, the interested readers are referred to Shakil and Ahsanullah (2012), and references therein.


This paper outlines the constructivist approach to teaching and learning and reviews some of the literature to establish a linkage between constructivist theories of learning and humanistic psychology. In particular, the paper recognizes the work of Carl Rogers and suggests that his contributions to the professional literature on teaching and learning might promote the advancement of constructivism. The insights provided by the linkage between the humanistic view and the construptivist view in cognitive psychology would enhance the knowledge base for the teaching and learning process. Points for consideration by those who attempt to employ the constructivist approach are: (1) this approach may be best suited to a small group setting; (2) teachers must possess superior knowledge of the subject matter and demonstrate excellent communication skills; (3) people change their perceptions and mental conceptualizations only when they are ready; (4) this approach takes considerable time, energy, and patience; (5) teachers must believe that all learners can learn, can find their own best way to learn, and will learn the things that hold meaning for them; (6) a healthy and creative student-teacher relationship is very important; and (7) the outcomes of such education will be unique. Support for such a vision of teaching can be found in the humanistic literature. (Contains 23 references.) (JB) *********************************************************************** Repoductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Humanistic Influences on a Constructivist Approach to Teaching and Learning William E. Herman Assistant Professor Department of Psychology State University of New York College at Potsdam Potsdam, New York 13676-2294 Office: (315) 267-2610 FAX: 315-267-2170 Notes: William E. Herman is assistant professor of psychology at the State University of New York College at Potsdam. His specializations include transfer issues related to teaching and learning for understanding, achievement motivation, and test anxiety. This paper was partially supported by a grant from the NYS/UUP Affirmative Action


This paper examines the role of corpora and corpus linguistics in foreign language education and teacher development. In two main areas, this paper discusses research and application of corpora in language education. First, this area surveys how corpora and corpus-based research can be exploited for syllabus design, materials development, and test construction. Second, this area examines how corpora can be utilized for teacher education in terms of language awareness-raising, as a source of reference, and for professional development. In both areas, I consider previous and ongoing work in the field, and draw on examples to illustrate the many ways corpora can be applied to language education and teacher development. I conclude this paper by examining how we as educators may move forward with the integration of corpora in the language classroom, which starts in fully acknowledging and promoting the expertise of language teachers.


Storage pool disease is a rare congenital platelet-function disorder characterized by the absence of platelet dense granules and their contents, which causes prolongation of bleeding time. This report describes extraction of the bilateral third molars of the mandible and maxilla in a 22-year-old woman with storage pool disease. A conventional surgical technique was used. No evidence of collagen, ADP, or epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation was observed. Electron microscopy revealed the absence of dense granules. One hour after teeth extraction, the prolonged postoperative bleeding was controlled with the use of hemostatic preparations of gelatin and cellulose; a small gauze pack was placed over the socket and an anti-plasmin agent was injected.


The micro-cloned plantlets of Chlorophytum borivilianum registered more than 95% establishment in soil following treatment with various bio-inoculants namely; Glomus aggregatum, Trichoderma harazianum and Piriformospora indica whereas Azospirullum sp. (CIM-azo) and Actinomycetes sp. (CIM-actin) showed only up to 85% plantlet establishment. The un-rooted shoots were also treated with these bio-inoculants, for in vivo root induction and increased survival rate/establishment frequency when transferred to soil. The un-rooted shoots also showed in vivo rooting (50%) when treated with mycorrhiza Glomus aggregatum (VAM) and Trichoderma harazianum. The genetic fidelity testing of micro-cloned, bio-hardened progeny based on a RAPD analysis using 40 random decamer DNA primers indicated a strong uniformity in relation to the parent genotype.


Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphology and ultrastructure of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal pollen grains. Light microscopic examination revealed that the pollen grains are tri- or tetrazonocolpate grains, approximately as long as broad, measuring 29-μm. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that surface sculpturing of the pollen is scarbate-granulate. Ultra thin sections as examined by transmission electron microscope showed that the pollen contained numerous starch grains, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles of dictyosomes. Two layers of the pollen wall were also distinguished, the outer wall (exine) divided into ektexine and endexine as well as the inner layer (intine). The nutritive values of Withania pollen are discussed. The importance of studying the ultrastructure of pollen grains as a new tool in palynology is also discussed.


The compounds cis,anti,cis-8-methoxytricyclo[6.3.0.-0 2,7 ]undecan-2,3-diol and cis,anti,cis-tricyclo[188.8.131.52 2.7 ]-tridec-6-en-13-spiro-2'-[1,3]dioxan-1-ol were obtained by condensation of ketone enolates with cyclohexadiene generated in situ from 1-chlorocyclohexene. X-ray structure analysis established the conformations of the polycyclic systems, the stereochemistry at the ring junctions and the deformations caused by fusion of the rings. The results of the refinements on F and F 2 are compared


The paper mainly discusses chinese ancient militarists' thoughts about the role of commanders,their essential capabilities and leardership art,in order to divine its' mordern value.


Visible light irradiation of a reaction mixture containing dihydroxy coordinated tetraphenylporphyrinatotin(IV), cyclohexene and potassium hexachloroplatinate induced oxygenation of the cyclohexene under degassed conditions. In the reaction system, a water molecule served as the oxygen donor. Cyclohex-2-enol, 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane and 2-chlorocyclohexanol were the major oxidation products and the quantum yield was around 0.1. An experiment using H218O revealed that an 18O atom was quantitatively incorporated into the oxygenated products. The reaction was initially induced by an electron transfer from an excited triplet porphyrin to potassium hexachloroplatinate producing a cation radical of the porphyrin. Metal-oxo type complexes formed through deprotonation of the hydroxy group of the porphyrin cation radical were key reactive intermediates reacting with cyclohexene. Two kinds of the metal-oxo type complex reactive intermediate were kinetically demonstrated to be involved in the reaction system, producing different oxidation products from cyclohexene.


In order to meet the accuracy requirement of the high accuracy servo system,this paper takes a high accuracy servo system as a research object and describes the establishment of the mathematic model of the servo system driven by torque motor.The control methods of lead-lag correction,gain improvement and lagging link are used to model and simulate the system.The simulation test results show that lead-lag correction control method can improve the response speed of the system and meet the high precision requirement,while gain improvement and the introduction of lagging link control method can reduce the impacts of the servo system dead zone nonlinearity on the system.


Objective
To compare the efficacy between radiofrequency thermocoagulation and absolute alcohol chemical lysis in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia.

Methods
Ninety-seven patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were divided into two groups using a random number table: absolute alcohol group (n=47) and radiofrequency group (n=50). All patients were punctured to trigeminal ganglion under the guidance of DSA. The patients were injected absolute alcohol to trigeminal ganglion in absolute alcohol group, and radiofrequency thermocoagulation to trigeminal ganglion in radiofrequency group. VAS was recorded at pretreatment, and at 3 days, 7 days, 3 months and 6 months after the treatment. The occurrence of facial hypoesthesia and masticatory muscle weakness were also recorded.

Results
VAS was lower in radiofrequency group (1.6±1.2, 1.3±1.4) than that in absolute alcohol group (2.8±2.0, 2.7±2.0) at 3 days and 6 months after the treatment, and pain relief rate was higher in radiofrequency group (96.0%, 94.0%) than that in absolute alcohol group (74.5%, 72.3%) (P 0.05). The incidence of facial hypoesthesia between the two groups had no significant difference at 3 days and six months after the treatment(P>0.05). The incidence of masticatory muscle weakness between the two groups had no significant difference at 6 months after the treatment (P>0.05).

Conclusion
DSA guided trigeminal ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation ablation is an effective method for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia with rapid onset, long-term effect and relatively few complications, which is superior to absolute alcohol chemical lysis.

Key words:
Trigeminal neuralgia; Radiofrequency thermocoagulation; Absolute alcohol; Angiography, digital subtraction; Ganglia


This research investigated the importance of inclusive institutions, as defined by Acemoglu and Robinson in their book "Why Nations Fail", for attracting foreign direct investments (FDI). The conclusion is that inclusive institutional determinants are an important precondition for attracting FDI. When institutions are sufficiently inclusive classical FDI determinants, such as labor costs, take over as being the most important driver for FDI.


Aims and Objectives: Mutual exclusivity refers to children's assumption that there are one-to-one correspondences between words and their referents. It is proposed to guide the process of fast-mapping when children encounter novel words in referentially ambiguous situations. However, children are often required to suspend this default assumption and accept lexically overlapping labels, which is particularly common for bilingual children who learn multiple labels for most referents in their environment. Previous research has shown that school-aged bilinguals are more successful at learning overlapping labels than monolinguals, but the mechanisms underlying the development of this word-learning ability remain unknown. Methodology: This study investigated the ability to accept lexical overlap in monolingual and bilingual two-and-a-half-year-old children and its relation to children's lexical competence. Children's ability to retain two novel labels assigned to a novel referent was assessed in an interactive lexical overlap paradigm. In addition, parental inventories were used to measure children's receptive vocabulary size and patterns of language exposure and use. Data and analysis: Data were collected from 68 (34 monolingual and 34 bilingual) children between 26 and 34 months of age. Binomial logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of children's language background and their individual lexical competence (receptive vocabulary for monolinguals and bilinguals, and conceptual vocabulary size and degree of bilingualism for bilinguals). Findings: Results showed that vocabulary size was a significant predictor of lexical overlap performance for monolingual children, but this was not the case for bilinguals. Originality: These findings are the first to indicate that the individual linguistic experience of growing up monolingual or bilingual shapes the mechanisms that underlie the development and usage patterns of early word-learning strategies. Limitations: This study leaves open the question of what aspect of growing up bilingual leads children to develop word-learning strategies that are shaped by their linguistic experience.


A parallel grid-generation algorithm and its implementation on the Intel iPSC/860 computer are described. The grid-generation scheme is based on an algebraic formulation of homotopic relations. Methods for utilizing the inherent parallelism of the grid-generation scheme are described, and implementation of multiple levELs of parallelism on multiple instruction multiple data machines are indicated. The algorithm is capable of providing near orthogonality and spacing control at solid boundaries while requiring minimal interprocessor communications. Results obtained on the Intel hypercube for a blended wing-body configuration are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Fortran implementations bAsed on the native programming model of the iPSC/860 computer and the Express system of software tools are reported. Computational gains in execution time speed-up ratios are given.


Most of the current authentication systems using PKI/CA technology,a new design scheme based on combined symmetric key(CSK) technology is proposed.The system makes sure the key changed each time through the using of combination technology and,can not only guarantee the key's security and user's identity reliability,but also solve the traditional problem that hard to keep the key's generation,distribution,update,backup and recovery.The system runs on Linux platform,combined with MySQL database,which are open sources,safe,reliability,stability,and performance optimization works are done for the system from many aspects.Running in practice shows that the system has a fast speed,simple key management,large-scale key management and much higher security level.


In this paper we examine the effect of earnings overstatement disclosures on subsequent earnings conservatism. We hypothesize that after overstatement disclosures, overstating firms undertake a more conservative financial reporting strategy to restore credibility of their financial reporting with the market. We find that overstating firms report more conservatively after restatements than before restatements; and after restatement disclosures, overstating firms report more conservatively than their non-restating peer firms do. These results are consistent with the notions that externally, investors demand greater conservatism from firms that previously reported aggressively, and internally, managers in overstating firms have incentives to adopt more conservative financial reporting to restore their own reputations for credibility. Our results are robust when we use different methods to calculate conservatism measures and when we use an overall restatement sample that includes firms that previously understated earnings.


The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an excellent model system for the study of complex biological processes including aging. Through genetic manipulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, the roles of these enzymes in oxidative stress resistance and life span determination were established. Transgenic flies overexpressing the enzyme peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) have been shown to live longer and are more resistant to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. It has been also demonstrated that mutations in genes involved in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway (IGF receptor, chico, dFOXO) affected life span and sensitivity to various stresses. We have conducted a conditional gene misexpression screen to identify genes, whose overexpression in adult stages extends life span. Among 13 genes whose functions are known or suggested, six genes were found to be related to stress resistance or redox balance (DmGST2, hsp26, sra, and Drosophila homologs of mammalian TRX, GILT, and POSH). We recently established a method for the efficient measurement of oxidative stress resistance in Drosophila, using a commercially available activity monitor. The method is suitable for the screening of oxidative stress resistance-related genes using a large number of mutagenized fly lines.


Tissue-mimicking phantoms are essential for the investigation of ultrasonic elastography. A modified polyacrylamide gel based tissue-mimicking phantom is developed in this paper. It shows greater stability than phantom based on physical gel, such as gelatin and agar. The elastic and echographic properties of this phantom are determined by the concentration of acrylamide and graphite powder respectively. Both indentation testing and transient elastography are used to characterize the elastic properties of this phantom. The results are almost consistent with each other. Our work indicate that Young's modulus of the polyacrylamide gel based tissue-mimicking phantom is similar to that of human soft tissue, which ranged from several kilopascal to a few tens of kilopascal.


Autonomous robot swarms must be able to make fast and accurate collective decisions, but speed and accuracy are known to be conflicting goals. While collective decision-making is widely studied in swarm robotics research, only few works on using methods of evolutionary computation to generate collective decision-making mechanisms exist. These works use task-specific fitness functions rewarding the accomplishment of the respective collective decision-making task. But task-independent rewards, such as for prediction error minimization, may promote the emer-gence of diverse and innovative solutions. We evolve collective decision-making mechanisms using a task-specific fitness function rewarding correct robot opinions, a task-independent reward for prediction accuracy, and a hybrid fitness function combining the two previous. In our simulations, we use the collective perception scenario, that is, robots must collectively determine which of two environmental features is more frequent. We show that evolution successfully optimizes fitness in all three scenarios, but that only the task-specific fitness function and the hybrid fitness function lead to the emergence of collective decision-making behaviors. In benchmark experiments, we show the competitiveness of the evolved decision-making mechanisms to the voter model and the majority rule and analyze the scalability of the decision-making mechanisms with problem difficulty.


A performance prediction system (PACE – Performance Analysis Characterisation Environment) has been implemented to characterise the performance of C, Fortran and Mathematica codes. With the current increase in the popularity of the Java platform, PACE is being extended to characterise and predict distributed Java applications within dynamic heterogeneous environments. With the modern implementations of the Java Virtual Machine being able to carry out on-the-fly optimisations, Java methods are to be characterised as a control flow of bytecode blocks, rather than individual bytecodes. These bytecode blocks are then benchmarked to create a bank of predictive data for evaluating performance critical Java applications. This report describes the implementation of defining and monitoring these bytecode blocks and also evaluates the techniques that have been used.


It is proposed an apparatus for adjusting the use of a device. The apparatus comprises a processing unit for checking whether a license for the device is present, and generating a certificate request, and a transceiver unit for sending the certificate request to a certification server, and receiving a certificate from the certification server in response to the certificate request on. The processing unit is configured to check whether information contained in the certificate matches the license information, and based on the certificate adapt a use of the device. Furthermore are proposed a system comprising such a device and a corresponding method for adjusting the usage of a device. The proposed device, it is possible to restrict acceptance of a certificate by an apparatus, so that the newly obtained certificates certain conditions may be subjected. These conditions can define, for example, one use of the device.


Ethn Dis. 2019; 29 (Suppl 2). Welcome letter from the Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center for Health Disparities Reserach at Morehouse School of Medicine.


A chiral stationary phase for the enantioselective separation of naproxen can be prepared by molecu- lar imprinting,in which 4-vinylpyridine(functional monomer)and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate are copolymer- ized in the presence of S-naproxen.Racemic naproxen is efficiently resolved on the molecular imprinting polymer.Fur- thermore,different functional monomers,flow rate in the mobile phase,temperature of column are investigated.The thermodynamic parameters are estimated,it is found that enantioselective separation is enthalpy controlled.


Optimal processing and system to produce the laser welded tube for one body formed bumper beam are studied. The calculated size of tube is a thickness of 1.4mm, diameter of 105.4mm and length of 2000mm. The tube is shaped from cool rolled high strength steel sheet(tensile strength: 60kgf/㎟ grade). Two roll bending method is the optimal tube shaping process compared to UO-bending, bending on press brake, multi-step continuous roll forming and 3 roll bending methods. Weld quality monitoring and seam tracking along the butt-joint lengthwise to the tube axis are also studied. The longitudinal butt-joint is welded by the CO2 laser welding system equipped with a seam tracker and plasma sensor. The constructed CO2 laser tube welding system can be used for the precision seam tracking and the real-time monitoring of weld quality. Finally, the obtained laser welded tube can be used for one-body formed automobile bumper beam.


Temperature data and vibration acceleration signals of both ends of high-speed spindle in different speeds are gathered by the DHDAS dynamic signal testing analysis system when spindle is in the working status. And the own analysis software and MATLAB are applied to analyze it. Temperature curves and vibration displacement curves are obtained after real and effective information is extracted. It can provide the basis for the research and analysis of spindle performance. The experiment results show that the method is real-time, efficient and has strong anti-jamming capability and small error. It can perform effectively in high-speed spindle studies.


Last week Patrick Dunleavy discussed his experience of transferring his personal research library onto the Mendeley software package. Today Sierra Williams talks to Mendeley co-founder Victor Henning about the company's new approach to enhancing the impacts and visibility of academic work.


The quarrel between Adam and Eve in book 9 concerns not only relations between the sexes but also the nature of human government. Prelapsarian Adam and Eve, who, like the antinomian Christian, possess total spiritual liberty, deal with an epistemological dilemma that confronted antinomians like Milton during the English revolution: In the absence of intrinsically authoritative external laws, how can one know when one's decision to act is based on the direction of God's spirit dwelling in one's heart and when it is based on personal desire? In the light of Milton's historical answer to this question, we can see that Milton dramatizes in Eve the voluntarist antinomian's tendency to overconfidence and in Adam the humanist antinomian's struggle with right reason. While neither person sins in this scene, both lose their balance in particularly antinomian ways that grant us insight into the necessarily precarious nature of human freedom.


have a variety of causes and generally have a genetic predisposi- tion. Overvaccination in a patient with a predisposition to autoimmune disease may enhance the likelihood for development of an autoimmune response.


Traditionally, agriculture diversification referred to a subsistence kind of farming wherein farmers were cultivating varieties of crops on a piece of land and undertaking several enterprises on their farm portfolio. Diversification at the farm level is supposed to increase the farm income at the country level, diversification is supposed to increase the extent of self-sufficiency for the country. This study aims to assess the impact of crop diversification and cropping pattern on Indian agriculture.


We aim at employing a reflection type tactile sensor as sensors of robot fingers. The sensor measures deformation of its contact surface by capturing reflection images and solving an inverse problem. In order to solve it, we formulate a new method of shape reconstruction expanding to three dimensional surface deformation. We evaluated our proposed method by reconstructing the deformed surface from reflection images produced by simulation. The result shows that our proposed method correctly estimates locations where deformation occurs, and about magnitude of deformation, some errors occur.


Despite being the cornerstone of high-temperature and high-power applications, the fabrication of silicon carbide (SiC) thin films has been a major challenge among research activities related to wide bandgap semiconductors. As almost all the reported SiC thin films produced by RF sputtering are amorphous, the growth of crystalline thin film on p-type silicon substrate at high temperature (>900 °C) is presented in this work. A metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) device is fabricated with gold (Au) electrodes by sputtering. A unique behavior of current–voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) characteristics is found in different voltage regimes. The thermionic emission model fails to explain the observed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics. To understand the current transport mechanism in detail, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics are carried out in the temperature range 250–380 K and divided into two voltage regimes, below and above 1 V. Below 1 V, variable range hopping mechanism (VRH) is found to be dominant and above 1 V, and ohmic conduction followed by space charge limited conduction (SCLC) is held accountable for the current transport mechanism. The analysis of both mechanisms indicates the presence of disorder states and gives valuable information about trap centers. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics further suggest the presence of interface states and deep traps. The advantageous implementation of this information will help to design optoelectronic, magnetic, and efficient energy storage devices to extract the maximum performance.


Modern enterprises rely on Information Systems (IS) required both to support their operation and provide information required to endorse strategic de- cisions. Because of their increasing complexity, such systems are usually con- structed by integrating software components of different nature and origins into hybrid systems, for which architectural design plays a fundamental role. How- ever, far from simple, this task is usually cumbersome. In previous work we have addressed this issue and proposed a four steps, pattern-based approach, aimed to help in the solution of this problem. In first steps, patterns are described as Con- text Models, which include recurring elements (actors and dependencies) identi- fied in several industrial cases. In this work we further address this issue and present an study aimed at the validation and extension of such patterns, and/or the identification of new ones, by reviewing recurring elements appearing in 29 semi-industrial IS architectural design processes.


The purpose of this research, in general, is to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes using powerpoint slide media on learning mixed calculation operations in class IV State Elementary School 18 Sungai Kakap The method used is descriptive method with Class Action Research form. This research was conducted in 3 cycles and got an idea of how the design of learning, the implementation of learning, the characteristics of slide powerpoint media, the technical implementation of learning evaluation and improvement of student learning outcomes. There is an increase in learning outcomes in each cycle, from 37% of students who reach KKM in cycle 1 to 68% in cycle 3.


The authors describe their studies of two methods for generating bias potentials for use in hyperdynamics simulations. In the first method, first reported by Steiner, et al, the bias potential is the additional energy needed to keep the total potential energy above a fixed level. This potential exerts a negligible computational load and is very easy to code. The second technique involves computing the iterative Hessian-based bias potential as usual, but including in those calculations only the atoms in a small active region that surrounds the area in which a state transition is expected to occur. This subspace hyperdynamics method is less costly than full HD. The extra computational effort required for HD scales at the size of the active region(s), instead of with the size of the entire simulation domain. The authors have carried out extensive tests of both methods on two problems, the diffusion of adatoms on silver surfaces and the migration of vacancies in bulk silver. Using the first method, to obtain large boosts the bias potential must e so high that many transitions are prevented from occurring. Their results for subspace hyperdynamics are promising; the authors obtain the same results as with full hyperdynamics, but withmore » considerably less computational effort.« less


Moral theories on abortion are often regarded as mutually exclusive. On the one hand, pro-life advocates maintain that abortion is always morally wrong, for life is sacred from its very beginning. On the other hand, the extreme liberal view advocated by the absolute pro-ehoieers claims that the unborn is not a person and has no moral standing. On this view there is no conflict of rights; women have the right to dispose of their body as they wish. Therefore, killing a non-person is always permissible. In between the two extreme views, some moral philosophers argue that a 'pre-sentient' embryo or fetus cannot be harmed because it lacks the ability to feel pain or pleasure, for it is 'sentience' that endows a living entity (human and non-human) with moral considerability. Therefore, abortion of a pre-sentient embryo or fetus is permissible. Neurophilosophy rests a philosophical conclusion on neurological premises. In other words, to be tenable sentientism the claim that sentience endows an entity with moral standing needs robust neurobiological evidence. The question is, then: What is the basic neuroanatomical and neurophysiological apparatus required to be sentient? The answer to that question requires a fair understanding of the evolution, anatomy and function of the brain. The exploration thereof shows quite convincingly that the advocates of sentientism do not provide convincing arguments to root their theory in neurobiological facts. Their claims rest rather on emotions and on behaviours that look like a reaction to pain. The other shortcoming of sentientism is that it fails to distinguish pain from suffering, and that as a utilitarian moral theory it considers only the alleged pain of the aborted sentient fetus and disregards the pregnant woman's pain and suffering. And, finally, sentientism leaves out of our moral consideration living and non-living entities that deserve moral respect. The main thrust of the dissertation is that the argument of sentience as its advocates present it has no neurophilosophical grounds. Therefore, the argument from sentience is not a convincing argument in favour or against abortion. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


To compare the effects of the drug transporter substrates such as probenecid,taurine and benzylpenicillin sodium on secretion of chlorogenic acid(CGA) in Shuanghuanglian,a compound prescription of traditional Chinese drug,by using MDCK(Madin Darby canine kidney) monolayers model.MDCK cell(1.5 × 104 cells / holes) was inoculated in Millicell-CM culture plate inserts,the trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER) of cell monolayer was detected to ensure the model is available for experiments.We add CGA(in Shuanghuanglian) to the basal lateral compartment and measure and calculate the cumulative secretion amount of CGA in the apical lateral compartment.The secretion amount of CGA is significantly decreased by co-administration of probenecid,taurine or benzylpenicillin sodium.So CGA could be secreted partly via organic anion transporter in the renal tubule epidermal cells.


Purpose

This paper aims to investigate how the perception of physical coldness (vs warmth) influences consumers to make charitable donations.

Design/methodology/approach

Three experiments were conducted involving charitable donation scenarios.

Findings

Studies demonstrate that cold (vs warm) temperature cues result in greater intentions to donate to charities. Specifically, cold (vs warmth) cues activate the need for social connection which, in turn, motivate consumers to donate more money to charities. Furthermore, this effect holds even when the actual temperature instead of temperature cues is changed, and participants' actual donation behavior instead of donation intentions is measured, thereby, strengthening the findings of this paper.

Research limitations/implications

Boundary conditions associated with the effect of temperature cues need empirical investigation. Future research needs to investigate if the effect holds with variability of coldness. Future research also needs to determine whether the documented effect occur across various pro-social contexts.

Practical implications

The results suggest that non-profit organizations incorporate "cold" cues into advertisements (people feeling cold or cold landscapes) to increase monetary donations and that these organizations should focus on targeting donors during wintertime (vs summer time) to get more donations.

Originality/value

This is the first research to demonstrate the effects of temperature cues on charitable donations. The added value of this paper is the use of physical temperature change to highlight the phenomenon, and the link between cold (vs warm) temperature cue and the need of social connection.


Edited special issue. The message of this special issue is that about southern member states of the European Union (EU) there is an, albeit hidden, success story to be told. The story is about innovation in governance in the wake of European spatial planning programmes. This issues recounts the evolving debate on European spatial planning. It shows the perspectives from the various corners of Europe at work in this debate, only to home in on the added value of the southern experience that has so far received little attention. It ends by reflecting on spatial planning as an experimental field for European governance


Transport of rodlike particles in macromolecular networks is critical for many important biological processes and technological applications. The physical understanding of these dynamical processes has been limited to thin rods, where the diffusion follows Brownian dynamics and the increase of rod length results in the monotonic decrease of diffusion coefficients. However, analysis of various biological systems, such as bacterial in biomacromolecular networks of mucus, demonstrates that the opposite case, with rod diameter comparable with or even larger than network mesh size, is ubiquitous. Here, we combine physical experiments, simulations and theoretical analysis to investigate the diffusion dynamics of such thick rods in confinement media of macromolecular networks. We find the nonmonotonic dependence of translational diffusion on rod length, where exceptional speeding-up dynamics occurs once rod length reaches around integral multiple of the mesh size. Our results clarify that such a fast diffusion of thick rods with commensurate lengths follows sliding dynamics and demonstrate it to be anomalous yet Brownian. Moreover, a good agreement between theoretical analysis and simulations corroborates that the sliding dynamics is an intermediate regime between hopping and Brownian dynamics, and provides a mechanistic interpretation based on the rod-length dependent entropic free energy barrier. The findings yield a new principle, that is, length commensuration, for optimal design of rodlike particles with highly efficient transport in confined environments of macromolecular networks, e.g., the advanced drug delivery in biological hydrogels including mucus, extracellular matrix and nuclear pore, and enrich the physics of the diffusion dynamics in heterogeneous media.


This systematic review explores the utilization of educational apps and online platforms in Home Economics learning, focusing on investigating students' attitudes and perceptions towards these digital learning tools. As the world increasingly embraces technology in education, Home Economics, an essential subject that empowers students with practical life skills, benefits from these innovations. The review encompasses a comprehensive search for and analysis of relevant literature from various academic databases. Studies that examine educational apps and online platforms for Home Economics learning and assess students' attitudes and perceptions are included. Qualitative approach is considered to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. Findings reveal valuable insights into students' preferences, motivation, and engagement with digital learning resources in Home Economics. The review explores factors influencing students' acceptance and resistance to adopt these technological tools in their learning journey. Furthermore, the analysis identifies potential challenges and benefits of integrating educational apps and online platforms in Home Economics education. Ultimately, this systematic review contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of educational apps and online platforms in Home Economics learning and offers recommendations to educators and policymakers for effective integration and enhancement of digital resources in the field.


In 1994, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) became involved in evaluating subgrade performance (Subgrade Study). The Canadian Strategic Highway Research Program (C-SHRP), which operated within the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC), was also promoting their newly developed Bayesian Software by sponsoring Joint C-SHRP/Agency Applications, whereby technical assistance was provided to the provincial highway agencies towards the development of Bayesian performance models. Saskatchewan's Bayesian project, Subgrade Shear Failure, was accepted by C-SHRP and would incorporate data collected in the Subgrade Study. The main objective was to learn the Bayesian methodology and to develop a model incorporating field data and expert judgement. Field data was collected from two gravel haul roads in 1994 and the expert data was obtained from department and external experts in the spring of 1995. The purpose of the subgrade model is to estimate road surface deflections, initially based on five variables: Crust Thickness, Crust Strength, Subgrade Material Strength, Total Loading and Repetitive Loading. The Repetitive Loading variable was ultimately dropped, due to a lack of field data. The following model equation was derived, as a result of minimal available field data and the input of 10 experts: Deflection (mm) = 7.23 - 0.02 (Crust Thickness (mm)) - 0.02 (Crust Strength (CBR)) - 0.09 (Subgrade Material Strength (CBR)) + 0.01 (Total Loading (tonnes)). The first generation model has a large degree of variance, in part due to the limited field data available. It should be 'fine tuned' with additional field data, as it becomes available. SHT's Bayesian Project was a success in confirming the Bayesian methodology is a valuable tool. This method provides a structured process to obtain first generation models, by combining expert judgement with limited data. (A)


The experience of freedom, treated in various ways by philosophy, psychology, sociology, theology and politics, is shown as an infinite category. Its complexity and problematic matter is concerned not only with unlimited intellectual interpretations but also with the ways it is treated. From various ways of revealing the phenomenon of freedom, in the context of human contingency, the way of dialogue is prominent, which reveals one of the most important traits which freedom is. The original reflection, included in Etty Hillesum's diaries ( An Interrupted Life ) reveals the basic feature of freedom: its relatedness, the deepest expression of which is achieved through one's relationship with God. Through this feature, the trait of the human him- or herself is shown as he or she is able to direct him- or herself towards love or hate, life or death, beauty or ugliness, good or evil. Etty Hillesum herself is for life as it is, and she becomes the real ambassador of life through vertical relations with God, even in the face of extreme danger, injustice and the cruelty of war. In this context, life is not treated as the dominant and oppressive contingency but as a time of kairos , which means something that can be creatively and positively used to make human values and become a witness of life fulfilled by the element of eternity. In this light, the main goal of this study is to present a few basic threads of the description of humanity, as extracted from Hillesum's self-reflective writing. By delving into the description of Hillesum's inner world, an attempt is made to characterise those elements in the subjectivity of the human, which emphasises the specific individuum as being immersed in relations with himself, others and God.


Seabed characteristics applied for classification was based on analysis of echo recordings collected aboard RV "Baltica" during regular surveys in 1995-2003 period. Hypothetical effective angle of a bottom echo θ/2, corresponding to its normalized length was applied to characterize complex seabed acoustic reflecting and scattering properties. The θ/2 values were determined for each EDSU. Classification of southern Baltic area was provided by comparison of two acoustically measured factors: statistical distribution of θ/2 and correlated depth structure within selected standard areas. Both factors are very closely related to biological characteristics of the benthic habitat. Joining them gives a wide possibility of differentiating the habitat by its basic ecological properties. The classification applied gave a unique identification and comparison of dynamics of seabed structures, useful for benthic surveys and helpful in ecologically friendly administration of the zone.


Poly-methylmetacrylate (PMMA) is mainly applied in the plastic manufacturing industry, but PMMA is weak and gradually got discolor. The strength of PMMA can be improved through organic-inorganic hybrid nano composites with inorganic nano particles such as, or ZrO. However, inorganic nano particles are mostly agglomerated spontaneously. In this study, the zeta potential is controlled using different types of organic solvent with different concentrations, dispersibillity of nano particles on the PMMA particle are analyzed. When 3 M acetic acid is used, absolute value of the zeta potential is higher, nano particle is well attached, and dispersed on the PMMA particle surface. Results indicate that the absolute value of the zeta potential affects the stability of dispersion.


...................................................................................................................... IV OPSOMMING ........................................................................................................................ V CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 11 1.1 Context and Problem Statement ...................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Context ............................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................. 4 1.2 Aims and Objectives ........................................................................................ 9 1.3 Central Theoretical Argument ......................................................................... 9 1.4 Method of Research ....................................................................................... 10 1.5 Breakdown of Chapters ................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2: GENTILE ATTRACTION TO JUDAISM IN THE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD: RELATIONSHIPS AND ATTITUDES ............................................. 15 2.


A colonial language during the first half of the twentieth century, the French language in Morocco has become, with the passage of time and following socio-political evolutions, a language for teaching, modernity, working, writing, etc. Its status, in that time, has been never defined. This is why we attempted, in this paper, to trace its evolution in a pluralistic linguistic and cultural space which is currently embroiled in identity reconstruction problems. We studied the dynamics linking local languages to one another and to French. We demonstrated that although Arabic has succeeded in playing an important role, its position is menaced by the revaluation of "native" languages and especially by the spectacular rise of the Berber language. In spite of these identity problems, the French language continues to remain deeply rooted in Moroccan society by forging its own intercultural space, and by establishing itself in the modern economic, scientific, and technological fields.


Unfortunately, in recent years, some foreign grain buyers have been finding low levels of buckwheat (Figure 1) in their wheat shipments from the United States. Some of these shipments have been traced to eastern Washington. In 2014, buckwheat was detected in eight of 27 shiploads of exported wheat. Buckwheat levels in these shipments ranged from 1 to 4 seeds per 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of wheat. Although these levels are within purchase contract specifications, some wheat buyers and consumers consider buckwheat to be an allergen and any level of contamination concerns them.


Post-discharge services, such as outpatient wound care, may affect long term health outcomes and post-recovery quality of life. Access to these services may vary according to insurance status and ability to withstand out-of-pocket expenses. Our objective was to compare discharge location between burn patients who were uninsured, publicly insured, or privately insured at the time of their burn unit admissions. A retrospective review from July 1, 2015 to November 1, 2019 was performed at an ABA-verified burn center. All inpatient burn admission patients were identified and categorized according to insurance payer type. The primary outcome was discharge location, and secondary outcomes included readmission and outpatient burn care attendance. In total, 284 uninsured, 565 publicly insured and 293 privately insured patients were identified. There were no significant differences in TBSA (P=0.3), inhalation injury (P=0.3), ICU days (P=0.09), or need for grafting (P=0.1). For primary outcome, uninsured patients were more likely to be discharged without ancillary services(P<0.0001). Publicly insured patients were more likely to receive skilled nursing care (P=0.0007). Privately insured patients were more likely to receive homecare (P=0.0005) or transfer for ongoing inpatient care (P<0.0001). There was no difference in burn unit readmission (P=0.5); uninsured were more likely to follow up with outpatient burn clinic after discharge (P=0.004). Uninsured patients were less likely to receive post-discharge resources. Uninsured patients receive fewer post-discharge wound care resources which could result in suboptimal long-term results, and diminished return to pre-injury functional status. Increased access to post-discharge resources will provide comprehensive care to more patients.


Consumers' reactions to a difference in price can depend on how it is framed. If buyers interpret paying $60 rather than $65 as getting a $5 discount, they are likely to consider paying $60 to be a gain and paying $65 to be a nongain. Alternatively, if they interpret having to pay $65 rather than $60 as incurring a $5 penalty, they may consider paying $60 to be a nonloss and paying $65 to be a loss. Similarly, sellers can also experience gains, nongains, nonlosses, and losses. This paper suggests that buyers are prevention focused and consequently place a greater emphasis on loss-related frames whereas sellers are promotion focused and place a greater emphasis on gain-related frames. Therefore, for equivalent positive outcomes, buyers feel better about nonlosses but sellers feel better about gains. For equivalent negative outcomes, buyers feel worse about losses but sellers feel worse about nongains. These effects, however, disappear when there is little motivation to process information about the monetary transaction.


Crystal growth in molecular-beam-epitaxy conditions on misoriented surfaces is described with a nonlinear model. Adsorbed atoms may annihilate through collisions with adatoms and existing clusters. Clusters grow only by attachment of single atoms. The conditions under which step flow dominates are displayed as a function of the growth parameters. The cluster density is of the same order or larger than the adatom density. Medium-sized clusters of about 10 atoms will be important also in the conditions most favorable for two-dimensional growth.


Abstract The Taupo Volcanic Zone extends for approximately 300 km north-eastwards across the central North Island, New Zealand. Within the zone are five volcanic centres: Tongariro, which includes over 95% andesites; Taupo, Maroa, and Okataina, rhyolitic centres, each probably associated with multiple caldera collapse; and Rotorua, a simple collapse structure, sited on the western side of Taupo Volcanic Zone. The lavas of the Taupo Volcanic Zone are all calc-alkaline. Two types of basalt occur; a low-alumina basalt within the Tongariro Volcanic Centre and a high-alumina basalt in the Rotorua-Taupo area. Andesites can be divided into "normal" (57–63% Si02) and low-Si (53–57% Si02) types. Pyroxene low-Si andesites probably represent cumulate fractions of the "normal" andesite, but olivine low-Si andesite may be derived from a separate younger magma. Two types of dacite can also be distinguished. Bay of Plenty lavas show a complete gradation from dacite to andesite, and lavas from the Rotorua-Taupo region sh...


Global Software Development (GSD) has been an emerging trend in the development of software globally, for the last two decades. Information Technology (IT) outsourcing includes application development, application maintenance, infrastructure management and business process outsourcing. Software maintenance aims to keep the IT system operational and to fulfill the client requirements. The maintenance is considered the longest phase of software life cycle that consumes about 60-70% of the total software budget. Maintenance of software is not only time consuming but also requires a significant human resources' ratio. Mostly, software acquisition and maintenance consume a big portion of the total IT budget. The current study aims to evaluate the findings of the systematic literature review and to derive a list of critical success factors regarding offshore outsourcing decision of application maintenance. Thus, an empirical study is performed to validate the influencing factors that were identified by using systematic literature review. These factors are further validated by 93 outsourcing experts from 30 different countries. The collected data through online survey is analyzed based on variables such as respondents experience level, respondents' locations (continents), experts' positions. Similarly, the data is analysed based on Chi square test (linear by linear association) and Spearman Rank Correlation. Additionally, the identified factors through survey and systematic literature review are ranked by two different methods. Consequently, a project assessment model is proposed, based on the critical success factors for the sourcing decision of application maintenance.


In this paper, we present an iterative two-stage scheme for precise and robust frame-to-frame feature-based ego-motion estimation using stereo cameras. We analyze the characteristics of the optical flows and reprojection errors that are independently induced by each of the decoupled six degrees of freedom motion. As we will show, the different characteristics of these induced optical flows lead to a reprojection error that depends on the coordinates of the features. When using a proper normalization of the reprojection error, this coordinate-dependency can be almost completely removed for decoupled motions. Furthermore, we present a way to use these results for automotive application where rotation and forward motion are coupled. This is done by compensating for the flow that is induced by the rotation, which decouples the translation flow from the overall flow. The resulting method generalizes the ROCC approach [4], where a robust outlier criterion was introduced and proved to increase robustness and quality for large forward translation motions. Therewith the proposed method generalizes ROCC to almost all possible automotive motions. The performance of the method is evaluated on Kitti benchmark and currently2 reaches the best translation error of all camera-based methods.


The membershipof the Branch is 851, plus 6 honorary members,as against 798, and 4 honorary membersin 1949, making a total gain of 53. There are also 161 honorary associate members, 38 of whom were elected this year. Thirty-eight honorary associate members were elected to full membershipon graduation. The galns were: new members 76; transfers from other Branches 24; members reelected 3. The losses were: members transferred from Branch 34; resignations3; deceased8; struck off 5, three having left Queensland,addressunknown.


The mechanism of transitions from stationary to oscillatory currents has been studied for H2O2 reduction at Pt electrodes in acidic solutions. The transitions were observed in current versus time curves after the electrode potential was stepped from the rest potential to a potential where an oscillation appeared. The transitions could be classified into two types:  a direct transition from a stationary to a final oscillatory current only, with slight modification in the amplitude and period of the oscillation at its initial stage; and an indirect transition via intermediary small-amplitude and short-period oscillations with complex waveforms. The direct transition was observed when the stepped potential was much more negative than the positive end of the oscillatory region in a phase diagram, whereas the indirect transition was observed when the stepped potential was close to the positive end. The appearance of the intermediary oscillatory currents with complex waveforms in the indirect transitions was ma...


Hydrogen separation from binary gas mixtures, Ar−H2 and CO−H2, using a double-tube type of palladium membrane reactor (PMR) was carried out and analyzed by solving mathematical models taking into account mixing diffusion of hydrogen in the radial direction of the catalyst-packed bed. The experiment showed that carbon monoxide prevented hydrogen permeation through the membrane at temperatures less than 280 °C. The decline in hydrogen permeation could be estimated by solving a model describing the concentration polarization and the hindrance by cabon monoxide. Furthermore, the mathematical models were applied to analyze methanol decomposition in the same PMR, showing that a drop in hydrogen permeation due to both the factors had a significant influence on the performance of the PMR.


The article presents the hygiene measures that are applied in the Slovak Republic in supermarkets, food stores, grocery stores as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Slovakia These measures have been published by the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic in the relevant legal regulations and are based on the decisions of the Government of the Slovak Republic, which took into account the opinions of the experts of the Pandemic Commission of the Government of the Slovak Republic In general, these measures are based on the mask-distance-hand principle In public areas outside and inside, it was ordered to wear masks and later wear a respirator of FFP2 class in exterior and interior, gloves on hands or disinfection of customers' hands before entering the store, observance of 2 m distance of people standing in a row at the cash registers, maximum capacity of persons in stores was determined one person per 25 m2 of sales area and later, this measure was tightened to 15 m2 of sales area Also, to perform regular ventilation of the premises and to have as many cash registers as possible so as not to create long lines of customers All shops were closed at 8:00 PM In the case of shopping centers, entry is prohibited for people with a body temperature higher than 37 °C, and disinfection of hands is mandatory, wearing a mask and later wear respirators of FFP2 class is necessary In a stricter regime, during the peak of the pandemic, there was a restriction for persons to shop food only in the nearest retail/grocery or similar place from the place of residence to the extent necessary to procure the essential needs of life © 2021 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, License: CC BY 4 0


Architecture experimentation with the SYCO silicon compiler is described. It is noted that, although SYCO starts from a behavioral description, the translation scheme (from algorithmic description to layout) is easy to understand and there is a correspondence between the input description and the layout. The designer can easily modify the input description in order to force the compiler to produce a given result. SYCO provides a tool called ARTS that helps the user to make architectural tradeoffs. ARTS provides commands that modify automatically the input description in order to obtain a new architectural solution without modifying the function of the circuit. An example of architecture experimentation is given.<<ETX>>


In wireless personal communication systems mobility management techniques, call arrival models, user mobility models and network cell configuration can be used in developing an algorithm to partition PCS into location areas. This work presents an analytic framework of a PCS, develops an optimisation algorithm and determines the optimum cell size of the location areas to be 29, 21 and 45 cells for macro, micro and pico cell environments respectively.


2065Background: Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is a common treatment for BM and is associated with decline in NCF. The APOE e4 allele is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, and NCF decline after chemotherapy for non-CNS cancer, treatment for primary brain tumor, and in irradiated mouse models. APOE carrier status has not been evaluated as a risk factor for impaired NCF in patients with BM before and after WBRT. Methods: RTOG 0614 treated adult patients with BM with 37.5 Gy of WBRT (+/- memantine), performed NCF testing (HVLT-R, TMT, COWA) at baseline, 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks, and included an optional blood draw for APOE analysis. APOE alleles were evaluated by real-time PCR based SNP analysis using TaqMan genotyping. NCF test results were compared at baseline and over time with mixed effects models adjusted for baseline score, treatment arm, time, and interaction between time and APOE carrier status. A cause-specific Cox model for time to NCF failure was performed to assess the effects...


This paper describes a proposal of the rendezvous navigation system which is used for meeting at any place, as a smartphone application. First, we propose the pedestrian navigation system for having a rendezvous with a companion without any map. The proposed system indicates the direction in which the companion is. This navigation application describes the arrow which indicates the direction of being the companion on a live view of real-world environment. The direction of the arrow decides the position information of itself and the companion which gets using GPS and exchanges each other using communication devices. Next, the examination for the performance evaluation of the proposed system was carried out in the campus of Kanto Gakuin University. Last, the improvement of the proposed application was tried based on a questionnaire survey.


Background: Rigorous phase 3 studies have demonstrated the ef-ficacy of memantine on cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease when added to ongoing cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment. Post hoc analysis of pooled data from two similarly designed memantine studies evaluated 24-week maintenance of response on the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) in patients treated with memantine+ChEI vs place-bo+ChEI. Methods: Data were pooled from two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-week trials (Tariot et al. JAMA, 2004 and NCT00322153) evaluating memantine for patients with moderate to severe AD (baseline MMSE score < 20) receiving stable ongoing ChEI treatment. The SIB was administered at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24. In this post hoc analysis, SIB scores were categorized by level of improvement ( (cid:1) 0-, (cid:1) 5-, (cid:1) 10-point change from baseline) at each test point and were considered maintained if the patient remained in the same improvement category at all following tests through week 24 (endpoint). The percentages of patients who achieved and maintained response were compared between randomized groups receiving memantine+-ChEI or placebo+ChEI. Results: A subjects treated with AChEIs compared to the untreated group. We then stratified by APOE4 genotypes and found a trend for steeper cognitive changes in treated APOE4 carriers compared to treated non-carriers. In a sub-group of MCI treated subjects, we also found that cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers (i.e. amy-loid-beta and p-tau) were significantly different at baseline compared to the non-treated MCIs. This indicates that the wors-ening in cognitive decline observed in the treatment group may not be only associated with the use of AChEIs but also due to the natural history of the disease progression. Conclusions: Our findings have an important implication for MCI management. Thus, it opens up the discussion of the off-label use of AChEIs in MCI and the evaluation of the risks versus the benefits of such treatment approach if there is no alternative to AChEIs. Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potential novel strategy for cognitive enhancement in patients with major or minor neurocognitive disorders, but stimulation protocols have not been optimized yet. Methods: A parallel, prospective, patients and raters blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial was conducted. Patients in the active arm received tDCS (anodal; F3, cathodal; Fp2, 2A, 20 min) twice a day for 5 consecutive days. Calculation and reading tasks were conducted for 20 min during the stimulation. Primary outcome was attrition rate in the interven-tion group during the trial, which is expected to be less than 10%. Secondary outcomes were mean difference of improvement (posi-tive means improvement) between groups in changes of mini mental state examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's disease assessment scale- cognitive (ADAS-Cog), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and clinical dementia rating (CDR) from baseline to day 5 and follow-up (two weeks after the final intervention). Results: 21 individuals agreed to participation in this trial and were screened at baseline. One participant withdraw consent to participation before randomization. After randomization, one participant in the sham group did it during the trial. Finally, 19 participants (7 in the active group and 12 in the sham group) finished the trial. No participants stopped the trial in the active group. No statistically signif-icant difference was found in baseline characteristics between the groups. Mean difference of improvement between groups in changes of MMSE, ADAS-Cog and FAB at day 5 from baseline was 0.41 (p ¼ 0.705), 1.61 (p ¼ 0.205), -2.27 (p ¼ 0.233) respec-tively. Mean difference of improvement between groupsin changes of MMSE, ADAS-Cog, FAB, and CDR at follow-up from baseline was 1.08 (p ¼ 0.352), 0.36 (p ¼ 0.791), -3.01 (p ¼ 0.083), 0.06 (p ¼ 0.404) respectively. Conclusions: tDCS is a safe and feasible technique in elderly patients with neurocognitive disorders. Future large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials will eval-uate the effects of tDCS in those disorders more precisely. by Petrou et al (2014). A 60-minute list mode acquisi-tion was launched at the start of the injection. The PET marker was produced according to the method described by Mzengeza et al (2007). Results: Preliminary results (n ¼ 4) demonstrated significant post-training increases in [ 18 F]FEOBV binding from 10 - 17% in PFC, Precuneus, posterior CC and V1; and improvements in sustained attention. Conclusions: Intervention-related up regulation of acetylcholine suggests that participants benefitted from a simple, at-home exercise that may contribute to reduction in the potential development of age-related cognitive deficits or dementia.


Summary Problem-solving therapy is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that has been found to be effective in the treatment of a variety of mental health problems, especially depression. The relevance of this therapy for cancer patients is addressed and is placed within the context of a problem-solving model of stress. This model argues that the likelihood that cancer patients will experience significant and long-lasting emotional difficulties and psychological distress is partially a function of their problem-solving abilities. Research supports this model not only in general but also for cancer patients in particular. A large-scale outcome study is currently underway to evaluate the efficacy of problem-solving therapy with adult cancer patients.


For years I questioned the value of narrative to improve pain management, increase our understanding of pain mechanisms and treatment, or even to teach students and trainees how best to treat and investigate pain. As an editor in the Pain Palliative and Supportive Care Group2 of the Cochrane Collaboration,3 the Oxford University–based international consortium dedicated to evidence-based medicine, I am committed to the use of evidence as the driving force for improved pain care. From that perspective I questioned how taking a subjective approach to the study of pain would add to our understanding of it. And what is more subjective than narrative? Like many academically based pain clinicians and investigators, I considered the humanities and social sciences to be nice complements to scientific inquiry, but certainly no substitute for randomized, controlled, clinical trials and rigorous laboratory research.


Electrostriction nonlinearity in a standard single mode fiber is characterized with a phase-diversity coherent optical receiver. Measured differences in the polarizations of crosstalk signatures caused by Kerr and electrostriction nonlinearities are reported.


We formalize the generalized substitution mechanism of the B-method in the higher-order logic of Coq and PVS. Thanks to the dependent type feature of Coq and PVS, our encoding is compact and highly integrated with the logic supported by the theorem provers. In addition, we describe a tool that mechanizes, at the user level, most of the eeort of the encoding.


Summary Five groups of mice were trained to swim a maze in 4 trials and were given 6 test trials one week later. Group I was trained on saline and tested on saline (S-S); Group II was trained on saline and tested on amphetamine (S-A); Group III was both trained and tested on amphetamine (A-A); Group IV was trained on amphetamine and tested on saline (A-S), and Group V was injected with amphetamine one hour after training and was tested on saline (A after-S). The test data for trials 1 and 6 were then analyzed to determine whether the presence of the drug during training had a residual effect (learning effect) and/or if the presence of the drug during testing produced significant differences (performance effects). No learning effects were found on either trial, but, on the last trial, amphetamine significantly improved performance, and this effect outlasted the drug's presence in the central nervous system. It was hypothesized that amphetamine produced some persistent physiological change in the animals which maintained their performance. The assistance of Genevieve Lowden in carrying out these experiments is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Smith, Kline and French for generous provision of amphetamine.


Self-selected yeast GY and Angle active dry yeast were used respectively in the production of pear wine.Their fermenting performance,acid-producing capability,and ethanol-producing capability in condition of different temperature were compared.The results suggested that self-selected yeast had the advantages including rapid sugar-reducing,strong acid-producing and ethanol-producing,and good flocculence etc.Self-selected yeast GY is of great significance in fermenting industry.


This paper presents the creation of a table for obstacle course scoring results, for female cadets. The table is created based on the results obtained by female cadets during four years of studying at the Military Academy in Belgrade. After creating and applying the scoring table, its influence on female cadets scoring results is investigated. The investigation has shown that the implementation of the scoring table has improved the results of female cadets in the obstacle course test for more than 45 seconds but less than 56 seconds in average.


The recent development of Ⅰ Kr and Ⅰ Ks channel blockers, novel class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic agents was reviewed. The molecular biology of Ⅰ Kr and Ⅰ Ks and the pharmacology, QSAR and pharmacophore model of Ⅰ Kr and Ⅰ Ks channel blockers were emphatically discussed for further drug design.


Objective To investigate the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sepsis induced liver injury in a mice model. Method Male NIH mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation (sham). Pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) gene expression of the liver tissue were assessed by RT-PCR. The permeability of microvascular and water content in liver tissue were also examined. Result A significant increase in TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression was observed at 3 and 12 hours after CLP. The level of TNFα and IL-1β at 3 hours was higher than at 12 hours, and the level of IL-6 gene expression at 12 hours was higher than at 3 hours. The level of IL-4 gene expression in the liver tissue was also increased at 12 hours after CLP. The microcirculatory permeability and water content in liver tissue significantly increased at 12 hours after CLP. Conclusion The unbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine may play a key role in the development of sepsis induced liver injury.