Microeconomic evidence indicates a very high frequency of price adjustment in low income countries (LICs), raising the question of whether LICs may be reasonably characterized as exhibiting monetary neutrality. To address this question, we analyze a cross-country panel dataset of 79 LICs over the period 1990 to 2015 to assess the impact of external shocks on real GDP growth, and we find highly significant differences between LICs where the central bank targets monetary aggregates or inflation compared to LICs that maintain rigid nominal exchange rates. We also conduct an event study of the surprise devaluation of the Central African Franc (CFA) in January 1994 and find that it had highly significant effects on the output growth of 10 CFA countries relative to 18 similar countries outside the CFA zone. Consequently, the hypothesis of monetary neutrality is decisively rejected, and these findings provide strong support for the role of monetary policy frameworks in fostering price stability and macroeconomic stability in LICs. Alina Carare Western Hemisphere Dept. International Monetary Fund Washington, DC 20431 firstname.lastname@example.com Andrew T. Levin Dartmouth College and NBER Economics Department Hanover, NH 03755 USA email@example.com Carlos de Resende Africa Technical Institute International Monetary Fund Washington, DC 20431 USA email@example.com Chelsea Zhang Morgan Stanley New York, NY 10019 USA firstname.lastname@example.com Figure 1: Monthly Frequency of Price Adjustment and Levels of Development Sources: See Appendix I.


Millions of people rely on drinking water that contains excess fluoride. In fluoride endemic areas, especially small communities with staggered habitat, defluoridation of potable water supply is still a problem. In this study, adsorption potential of granular activated carbon (GAC) from charcoal and coconut shell is investigated for defluoridation of drinking water using continuous fixed bed column. The influence of various operative parameters such as concentration of fluoride, bed height, flow rate, and adsorption capacity of both the adsorbent is carried out.The fluoride removal from synthetic sample is found up to 72% for fluoride ion concentration of 4mg/L.


The WVU Helicon Source group is constructing a Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) system that will provide a new approach to measuring the ion velocity distribution function (ivdf) of an expanding helicon plasma source. Our main motivation for the construction of this system is to obtain absorption spectra for the He II transition shown below. CRDS is likely to be an effective diagnostic technique for this task because it is a high-sensitivity absorption technique. The design is based on published CRDS design criteria [Crunaire et al., Appl. Phys. B 85, 467 (2006)]. Essentially, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) splits a 668.43 nm laser beam into a zero and first order deflected beam. The first order beam is injected into the cavity, whose length is adjusted with a piezoelectric transducer to match the cavity resonance to the laser frequency. As the light intensity in the cavity reaches a predefined limit, a threshold circuit will send a signal to the AOM to turn off the first order beam. Measurements of the intensity decay time can then be obtained with an photodetector. The complete design of a threshold/trigger apparatus and corresponding electronics is presented, as well as a custom optical scheme for use on the Compact HElicon Waves and Instabilities Experiment (CHEWIE).


Objective For optimal performance of swimmers, it is necessary to determine a level for the functional interaction of upper and lower limbs. This level, created by more than 20 pairs of muscles, is the core of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks of core stability exercise on the stroke index and front crawl record of male swimmers. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 24 male swimmers were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into control (n=12) and exercise (n=12) groups. The core stability training was performed for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each for 45-50 minutes. Before and after training, the stroke index and 100-m front crawl records of subjects were evaluated. For the within-group and between-group comparisons, the student t-test and ANCOVA were used, respectively. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results Six weeks of core stability exercise led to significant improvement in 100-m front crawl record in the exercise group. There was no significant difference in the mean scores of stroke index and 100-meter front crawl record between and within the two study groups. Conclusion Core stability exercise is recommended for dryland training of swimmers.


Different remarks on Lu Xun determined by either political or private factors were made by Mao Tsedong in different contexts.The former was to meet the requirements of the current revolutionary environment;the latter was out of the admiration of MaoTsedong towards the writer,Lu Xun,as well as his works.The two factors interweave each other,making Mao's remarks on Lu Xun more multifaceted for interpretation.


BACKGROUND
In earlier studies, erythromycin stimulated but octreotide inhibited gastric antral contractions, as each drug induced phase 3-like episodes.

METHODS
To assess the effect of erythromycin pretreatment on octreotide-induced changes in antroduodenal motility, 16 patients were studied (mean age, 8.7 +/- 1.5 years, 8 male): 6 with severe gastroesophageal reflux, 4 with cyclic vomiting, 3 with gastroparesis, 2 with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and 1 with Crohn's disease and unexplained nausea and vomiting. After recording fasting antroduodenal motility for 3 hours, 1 mg/kg intravenous erythromycin was administered over 30 minutes. Sixty minutes after the erythromycin infusion, 0.5 microg/kg subcutaneous octreotide was administered, followed 1 hour later by a meal.

RESULTS
Phase 3 occurred spontaneously in 10 patients and after erythromycin in 12 patients. When administered after erythromycin, octreotide immediately induced phase 3s contractions in 15 patients, beginning in the antrum. In 7 children, some of the octreotide-induced phase 3s did not propagate. After the meal, antral contractions continued in all patients. The fed pattern was replaced in 14 patients by alternating phase 3 and phase 1 activities.

CONCLUSIONS
Pretreatment with erythromycin prevented octreotide-induced inhibition of antral contractions. Inhibition of antral contractions by octreotide may be mediated through either a direct or indirect suppression of motilin release, because antral contractions persist after pretreatment with the motilin receptor agonist erythromycin.


The atomic scale morphology of InAs∕GaAs quantum dots (QDs) capped with In0.1Ga0.9As layers of different thickness are studied using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and compared to the effects of capping with a pure GaAs layer. QDs capped with a 5nm In0.1Ga0.9As layer exhibit a longer photoluminescence emission wavelength than those capped with GaAs. STM studies show that the QDs capped with In0.1Ga0.9As retain their height during the initial stages of capping (up to ∼2nm), whereas the GaAs-capped QDs collapse as material migrates from their tops onto the cap surface. After deposition of a 25nm GaAs cap the surface is still far from flat, whereas the In0.1Ga0.9As capping layer is planar after just 5nm deposition. High-resolution STM images, supported by reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements, reveal a (4×3)∕c(4×6) reconstruction for the In0.1Ga0.9As cap, whereas the GaAs cap layer rapidly exhibits a c(4×4) reconstruction after the first few monolayers of deposition. The plana...


A search for methods of switching a proposed three beam headlight system led to the evaluation of 41 possible schemes. Human factors criteria reduced the original 41 to three systems. Recordings of practice trials, learning trials, and the responses to visual cues projected on a screen were analyzed. The same test procedure was also used to compare three alternative ways of switching conventional two beam headlight systems. Summary data is presented for the six systems tested grouped by test subject age, sex, and driving experience. /GMRL/


In studies on men and masculinities, there is an increasing number of theories, which result from development, discussions and criticism in the area. However, in the context of this paper, two ways of describing masculinities are taken into account, i.e. caring masculinities and hybrid masculinities. The article analyses research results on male nurses in Poland, which were performed by means of in-depth interviews, according to theoretical assumptions on caring and hybrid masculinities. The interviews revealed varying ways of perceiving masculinities in the context of care. Out of the ways identified by the Author, the study focuses on the analysis of how to define masculinity as a belief that masculinity is accomplished by ensuring hegemonic masculinity. It also shows how this way of defining masculinity is related to the assumptions of hybrid masculinity. As a result, the analyses show that caring masculinities are not only diverse but also that the very term is disputable with regard to masculinities involved in various types of care.


Prior research has established that various aspects of the user's situation, collectively called the user model, affect what information is relevant. The purpose of our research is to refine this idea by exploring how different aspects of the user model are salient for different question types. Our methodology follows tradition in studying real intermediary elicitations for clues about what aspects of the user model are important, except that we analyze how this differs across question types. We find that there are more elicitations about the background of the user's task and about the relevance of particular information for longer-answer questions than for short-answer questions, but surprisingly, no more elicitations regarding the sufficiency of particular information. The practical application of our research is to guide human or automated respondents to focus on the user details that are most important for different types of question.


The present invention relates to a safety manual riveting press sheet, comprising a base, the upper mold and the lower mold, the pillar, the lower mold is fixed on the base, said upper mold disposed above the corresponding lower mold, the upper mold and the support is hinged at one end , the upper mold and the other end is fixed to a handle; the lower mold and the upper mold has a recess, the lower mold after the upper mold and closing the lid, the grooves and recesses of the upper mold with the lower mold and stitched into contact with the rupture disk space of the same shape, the groove in the mold equipped with a medium pressure column of the two on. Manual rupture disk of the present invention can be insured riveting press sheet stable fixing between the upper and lower molds, rupture disk to prevent shifting during operation, effectively protect the stability of product quality, by two columns on the pressure insurance tablets were riveting, improve work efficiency, reduce labor.


The article introduces parts of a self-study programme for LLB (Europe) German students, which include the use of satellite TV and CALL. The whole self-study programme was tested for two years at the Nottingham Trent University. This paper focuses on the rationale of the study programme, pedagogical objectives and theoretical considerations within the context of language learning as well as the students' evaluation. The evaluation shows that overall the package was seen as a positive learning experience. CALL can be a solution to the problem of limited materials for languages for specific purposes. The use of mixed media is possible for language teaching for specific purposes without having to be combined in multimedia computer-based programmes. CALL can also be a solution to the problems caused by reduced contact time.


A moisture-proof LED package is provided to prevent the degradation of the performance of the LED package due to the penetration of the moisture. A moisture-proof LED package(1) comprises an LED chip(2), the first and second lead frames(12a,12b), and a package body(20). The first and second lead frames are located inside the package body. The package body comprises a cavity(21) exposing the LED chip to the top. An encapsulating material(30) formed of epoxy or silicon is formed inside the cavity. A part of the package body contacts with a part of the first and second lead frames.


The article,the general outline of cassava development,aims at discussing the history of cassava in the world and is an agriculture history mainly on world history and Chinese history.It is not the attitude and the position as the anonymous evaluation experts to deny the Chinese history in the article without any reasons but only based on subjective impression and personal likes and dislikes.On the process of thesis' evolution and distribution,it is necessary to combine the editing and anonymous editing together.The position of evaluation experts is consulting,advising and counseling and their opinions only are the reference while the editing department has the individual distribution right.The experts should be careful,responsible and cautious,and should not only base on subjective impression and personal likes and dislikes.


Hydrogen bond geometries as well as their stereochemical preferences have been compared for 255 small molecule carboxylate structures retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database. A total of 974 independent hydrogen bonds were analysed. Hydrogen atoms cluster in the carboxylate lone-pair directions with no tendency to adopt a central, symmetric position between the two oxygens. The long, secondary H ⋯ O contacts of asymmetric syn hydrogen bonds do not affect either the overall geometries of the interactions or the total syn/anti distribution of accepted H-atoms, presumably due to very unfavourable CO ⋯ H angles. On this basis it is suggested that syn hydrogen bonds to carboxylates should be regarded most frequently as two-centre rather than three-centre (bifurcated) interactions. The statistical data also show that criteria traditionally used to infer three-centre hydrogen bonds are inadequate for carboxylate acceptors.


3D IC's promise to solve the 2D communication bottleneck, and enable the integration of heterogeneous materials, devices and systems. There are at least three approaches to realize 3D IC's : chip stacking, wafer stacking and full monolithic integration. Each approach is at a different level of maturity and offers various degree of improvement. This paper will focus on the monolithic 3D approach, which offers a high density of device-dimension vertical interconnects and thereby facilitates the optimal assembly of transistors and interconnects in a 3D volume. The performance advantages of such a technology are demonstrated with a 3D-FPGA. Technology challenges of monolithic approach are discussed.


Summary In the dog, the pelvis is frequently injured following motor vehicle accidents (1). Injuries to the lower urinary and intestinal tracts may accompany pelvic fractures in man (2, 3, 4, 5) and the dog (1, 6, 7). This paper describes an unsual case of bladder retroflexion and herniation through a tear, into the rectum of a dog, following traumatic fracture of the pelvis. The successful management and repair is outlined and a biomechanical sequence leading to the abnormal bladder position is proposed. An unusual case of bladder retroflexion and herniation through a tear, into the rectum of a dog, following traumatic fracture of the pelvis is described. Repair was accomplished by manipulation of the bladder into its normal position through a coeliotomy incision and suturing of the rectal tear after prolapsing the rectum through the anus. The proposed biomechanical sequence leading to this injury is tearing by the inwardly rotated, fractured left hemipelvis as well as or alternatively, shearing forces along lines of excessive tension.


In this Communication, we report the synthesis of a series of potassium sulfonyl (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (STFSI) derivatives, bearing at one extremity the STFSI group and at the other extremity either bromo, azido or amine groups. The resultant STFSI derivatives were subsequently used in the post-polymerization functionalization of (co)polymers to yield functionalized (co)polymers by exploiting the highly efficient coupling reactions, namely alkylation, amidation and alkyne–azide cycloaddition.


Steady state photocurrents have been measured in poly-Si TFTs fabricated from crystallized films deposited in an initially amorphous state by LPCVD technique. The transfer characteristics of poly-Si TFT change remarkably by illumination in the subthreshold and off-state regions. It is discovered that the photocurrent Iph is more than three orders of magnitude greater than the dark currents. In the subthreshold and small negative VGS regions, the photocurrent is attributed to thermionic emission of electrons over the GB barriers and ohmic conduction respectively. It depends on the gate bias and channel length. However, Iph in high VGS region is independent on these two parameters. It is therefore set only by the light-induced generation of electrons and holes. In addition, the photocurrent increases linearly with film thickness. The observed decrease for films thinner than 0.1 µm could be due to the increased influence of surface recombination at the poly-Si/SiO2 interfaces. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


APPENDIX 1. THE REGULATION: ENGLISH, FRENCH AND GERMAN LANGUAGE VERSIONS. APPENDIX 2. COMPARISON OF 2001 REGULATION AND RECAST REGULATION APPENDIX 3. COMMISSION PROPOSAL (ANNEXES OMITTED) APPENDIX 4. EXPLANATORY STATEMENT WITHIN THE FINAL REPORT OF THE EP LEGAL AFFAIRS (JURI) COMMITTEE APPENDIX 5. INFORMATION PUBLISHED BY THE COMMISSION PURSUANT TO ART 76


Abstract Background The NOD2 agonist muramyl-dipeptide (MDP), a peptidoglycan motif common to all bacteria, supports LGR5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) survival through NOD2 activation upon an otherwise lethal oxidative-stress-mediated signal. Yet the underlying protective mechanisms remains unknown. Methods Irradiation was used as stressor and primarily murine-derived intestinal organoids as a model system. Results MDP induced a strong reduction of total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) within ISCs, which was associated with mitophagy induction. ATG16L1 KO and NOD2 KO organoids did not benefit from the MDP-induced cytoprotection. We showed the MDP-dependent induction of ISC mitophagy upon stress in vivo. Conclusions In LGR5+ ISCs, NOD2 allows irradiation-generated ROS clearance through ATG16L1-activated mitophagy. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding This work was supported by European Research Council (ERC) advanced grant 339579-DECRYPT to P.J.S and by French National Research Agency (ANR) grant 17-CE14-0022 (i-Stress) to P.S.. A.L. was personally funded by: i) Poste d'Accueil INSERM and ii) Soutien pour la formation a la recherche translationnelle en cancerologie (ITMO Cancer, INCa - Plan Cancer 2014-2019, allocation number: ASC17040JSA). Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Objective To inspect the therapeutic effect and prognosis of treating Unstabled Angina Pectoris (UAP) with drugs and interventional methods.Methods 40 patients were treated randomly with PTCA and stenting or traditional drugs: Beta blockers, Calcium resistants, Ester nitrates, Asprin, Heparin and so on.Compared degrees of angin pectoris, cases of AMI, mortality arising from heart disease or no heart disease before and 8 months after the treatment. Results Happening of AMI and mortality in interventional group were less than those of drugs group. Distinctly improving rate of clinical effect of the former was much more than that of the later.Conclusion In short term interventional treatment (PTCA and stenting) were piror to drugs in therapeutic effects and improving prognosis.


Aim: The aim of this study was to examine and explain the various methods available to rate the erosion damage, and on which teeth and tooth surfaces of erosion damage mostly occurs in children and ...


The program in its present form includes three major topics: (1) the improvement of existing methods and development of new methods for wind tunnel and flight test data analysis; (2) the application of these methods to wind tunnel and flight test data obtained from advanced airplanes; and (3) the correlation of flight results with wind tunnel measurements and theoretical predictions.


Abstract In this paper we introduce the notion of a BA-algebra, and show that the class of BA-algebras is equivalent to the class of B-algebras.


The present invention relates to a process for the regeneration of spent catalysts obtained from processes for katyalytisch hydrogenation of hydrocarbon feedstocks which contain beaten down undesired metal contamination. The catalyst is first washed with solvent to remove precesolie after which it is treated with acid in order to form sulfate or oxysulfaatverbindingen of the metal contaminants, which compounds are removed by washing with water.


This article analyzes the educational policy itinerary
from the point of view of the Brazilian State, resulting
from the configuration and materialization of tensions
that historically express the administrative and
managerial capacity of governments to implement
decisions in specific social, economic and political
contexts. In presenting a brief discussion about the
social and economic function of the school and how this
process took place in Brazil, it is possible to conclude
that educational policies have been constrained by the
restructuring of the State.


The paper analyzes the "3W" issues existing in the course of Business English Reading in higher vocational colleges and probes into the course reform from three aspects,that is,the staff and system reform,the teaching material and content reform,and the teaching method and technique reform.


Manganese dioxide is the classical cathode material for chemical batteries. This paper elucidates the effects of some inhibitors and ethanol on the electrical properties of a manganese dioxide electrode. Two types of test cells were chosen: dry cell and cell with regenerable electrolyte. The cathodic polarization curves at the MnO/sub 2/ electrodes were obtained in a number of solutions in the current density range from 0.01 to 10 mA/cm/sup 2/ of visible surface. The authors found that the MnO/sub 2/ cathodic mixtures are not very sensitive to changes in electrolyte solution composition or to the addition of ammonium chromate or ethanol inhibitors. Addition of monoethanolamine appreciably increases the polarizability of the MnO/sub 2/ electrode. The Orion cathodic mixture cell, which contains mainly active electrolytic MnO/sub 2/ was more efficient in operation than the Mars mixture cell.


Because interferon-γ (IFNγ) is present in the central nervous system during neurologic diseases associated with inflammation, its effect on endotoxin-induced cytokines was studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), their messenger RNA expression in brain areas (hypothalamus, hyppocampus, and striatum) and in spleen were evaluated 2 and 8 h after endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 25μ g/rat icv], IFNγ (2.5 μg/rat icv) or after their coadministration in rats. CSF and serum IL-1β levels were increased by LPS alone and IFNγ coadministration did not furtherly increase them. IFNγ potentiated LPS effect on IL-6 and TNFα levels in both CSF and serum. LPS and IFN-γ coadministration did not alter IL-1β messenger RNA expression induced by LPS in brain areas and in spleen, but it potentiated that of IL-6 and TNFα. The present in vivo data show that icv coadministration of LPS and IFNγ results in a potentiation of cytokine production (IL-6 an...


This paper designs a distributed monitoring system applied in the motor vehicle detecting field. A detailed introduction to designing of the IP sensor access module are presented, and then the author focuses on the realization of all functions of the monitor system, which has been put into use with reliable and stable working results.


Most of pointed Hopf algebras of dimension p m with large coradical are shown to be generalized path algebras. By the theory of generalized path algebras it is obtained that the representations, homological dimensions and radicals of these Hopf algebras. The relations between the radicals of path algebras and connectivity of directed graphs are given.


Objective:Taking Changkangning as a model drug,gastric soluble Astragalus tablet and pH and enzymes dependent Coptis chinensis tablet were prepared through the research on tablet compressing conditions and coating conditions of Astragalus extract and extract of Coptis chinensis,which were multiple unit drug release and treating both the symptoms and root causes way.Method:Taking hardness of tablet and disintegration time limited as evaluation indicators,wet granulation was chosen before the tablet compressing,and the proper ratio of auxiliary material and the way added were selected according to the nature of the extract.During the coating,multilayer coating way was chosen.Using in vitro release of berberine hydrochloride as evaluation indicator,the category and proportion of film forming agent,the category and dosage of the plasticizer,the weight increment of coat were screened.Result:For the Astragalus tablet core,the ration was as following:extract:microcrystalline cellulose(MCC):L-HPC:magnesium stearate=100:67.43:4:1.65% MCC was added to the purified solution,and 2.43% was added after prettifying particles.L-HPC was added in inside and outside(2% of each way).For the Coptis chinensis tablet core,the ration was as following:extract:MCC:lactose:L-HPC:magnesium stearate=100:69.94:29.96:5:2.Astragalus tablet coating conditions were as following:Eudragit E100 was dissolved in ethanol and 15% PEG6000 was added to get a 10% polymer coating solution.And the coating weight was increased by 4%.Coptis chinensis tablet coating conditions as following:10% polymer Eudragit E100 was coated as isolated layer.Then chitosan solution dissolving in phthalate was coated whose mass concentration was 2% and dry weight of polymer was 5%.Then pH dependent layer was coated using Eudragit L30D55:Eudragit S100=1:5(20% dry weight of polymer of triethyl citrate as plasticizer).When the coating weight was increased by 7%,Coptis chinensis tablet can fulfill the aim of releasing in colon.Conclusion:The result of dissolution rate test in vitro proves the successful development of ChangKangning multi-release tablets.


High dose ascorbic acid (HDAA) infusion has been associated with lower resuscitation volumes following severe burn injuries. Recent data has linked the use of HDAA to an increased risk of renal failure. HDAA infusion causes an osmotic diuresis which confounds fluid titration. For these two reasons, HDAA has become controversial. The objective of this study is to examine the outcomes of adult burn patients who received HDAA infusion during acute burn resuscitation.

 This study is an IRB approved retrospective chart review of all adult burn patients admitted from January 2016 through December 2018 who received HDAA for resuscitation. Patients were excluded if age < 18 years, had pre-existing hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, received < 16 hours of HDAA, or expired/withdrew from care within 48 hours of admission. The primary outcome was the incidence of patients receiving HDAA infusion who required renal replacement therapy (RRT) within 7 days of admission. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), duration of mechanical ventilation, actual crystalloid volume administered in the first 24 hours compared to estimated volume, ICU length of stay (LOS), and mortality.

 Twenty-four patients were included with a mean age of 48 (+/-16) and a mean TBSA of 49.1% (+/-17.8). The estimated fluid requirements in the 1st 24 hours were calculated using 4mL/kg/TBSA. Four patients required RRT (16.7%) and 12 patients were diagnosed with ACS (50%). The mean volume of crystalloid administered in the 1st 24 hours was 4.7 mL/kg/TBSA (+/-1.9), and the ratio of actual to estimated crystalloid in the 1st 24 hours was 1.2 (+/-0.5). Seventeen patients received albumin therapy in the 1st 24 hours. The mean urine output in 1st 24 hours was 1.7 mL/kg/hr. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS was 15 and 16 days respectively. Thirteen patients died (54.2%).

 The incidence of patients requiring RRT, along with the crystalloid volume administered and the observed to expected ratio of crystalloids in the 1st 24 hours were comparable to recent literature. The known effect of osmotic diuresis from HDAA potentially impacted fluid titration practice, increasing the risk of complications from over-resuscitation such as ACS, and mortality. Additionally, the estimation of 24-hour fluid requirements using 4mL/kg/TBSA may have contributed to the rates of ACS. Further studies comparing fluid management strategies are necessary.

 This study describes the outcomes associated with HDAA during acute burn resuscitation at an adult burn center. Given the current controversy surrounding HDAA infusion, this study provides further data to help burn centers make a decision regarding their opinion of HDAA during acute burn resuscitation.


The research of unfoldings of bifurcation problem is very important.By using of the contact equivalence of smooth mapping got in singularity theory,the(Γ,△)-equivalence of unfoldings of bifurcation problem with parameters symmetry is defined.The parameters symmetry is different with state variables symmetry possibly.The invariance under(Γ,△)-equivalence of the unfolding is discussed.The versality of unfolding to be invariance under(Γ,△)-Equivalence is obtained.


The articles in this special section focus on recent advancements on the use of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning for intelligent transport systems. The civil applications of geopositioning are undergoing exponential development. The latest market analysis for global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) shows two major fields of application which share the majority of the market: intelligent transport systems (ITS), mainly in the road ITS domain, and location-based services, accessible on smartphones and tablets. The modernization of GPS and Russia's GLONASS system and the development of Galileo and Bei- Dou are proceeding at a fast pace, introducing improved potential capabilities and higher performance levels for satellite-based positioning, and leading to new architectures for positioning and new strategies for positioning by means of other sensors. GNSSs are considered the superior system to provide accurate and global position, velocity, and time.


The author gives a brief summary of how data exchange may be used for typical electrical products. It is possible to implement IGES translators to transfer electrical product information relating to schematic, geometric model, connectivity and material types and properties between dissimilar CAE systems. The area of testing and behavioural information transfer requires further development. Any translator development in the heavy current electrical area would require co-operation between the designers of pre and postprocessors to ensure consistent use of the necessary user defined attributes. >


Nonhomogeneous materials such as FGM (Functionally Gradient Materials) have arbitrarily distributed and continuously varying material properties. For such nonhomogeneous materials, the heat conduction equation takes a nonlinear form, which makes theoretical treatment of the temperature change difficult, and it is almost impossible to obtain the exact solution. In this paper, taking into account the effect of the heat transfer at the heated surface and cooled end, a one-dimensional transient heat conduction problem of a plate made of such nonhomogeneous materials is treated theoretically. Introducing the analytical technique for a laminated plate model, and considering the number of lamina to be sufficiently large, the temperature solution for such a nonhomogeneous plate is approximately derived. The associated thermal stress distribution for an infinitely large nonhomogeneous plate is formulated under the traction free-condition. Numerical calculations are carried out for a nonhomogeneous plate, made of zirconium oxide and titanium alloy. Numerical results such as temperature change and the thermal stress distribution are shown graphically, and the influences of a change of relative heat transfer coefficient at the heated and cooled surfaces and of a change of nonhomogeneity are briefly examined.


Modes of operation of the apparatus of the method includes receiving a set of samples and a second sample set. Sample sets corresponding to said first audio frame part, and the second set of samples corresponding to a second audio frame. The method comprises generating the target sample set of progress based on the first and second set of samples of the second subset of the set of samples, and partly based on a second set of samples to generate a reference subset of the second set of samples at least. The method further comprises scaling said target set of samples to produce a set of scaled by a target sample, and generates a first sample set based on the target scaled or more sample and the second sample set three sample sets.


In DNA, tandem repeat consists of two or more contiguous copies of a pattern of nucleotides. Tandem repeats of the motif are useful in many applications like molecular biology (related to genetic information of inherited diseases), forensic medicines, DNA fingerprinting and molecular markers for cancer. Various researchers designed formal models and grammars to identify two contiguous copies of the pattern. Tree-adjoining grammar cannot be designed for k-copy language. There is a need to design a formal model which will work for more than two contiguous copies of the pattern. In this paper, we have designed deep pushdown automata for k-continuous copies of the pattern for . The proposed formal model will also identify the tandem repeats without specifying the pattern and its size.


The Ontario Motor League is a non-profit organization affiliated through the Canadian Automobile Association and the American Automobile Association. There are motor clubs throughout the world to serve members. There are reciprocal agreements with such clubs as the Automobile Association and the Royal Automobile Club of the United Kingdom. By non-profit, it means that the revenues or membership dues are expended for direct membership benefits and the improvement of motoring conditions generally. Each individual club is autonomous and has its own board of directors.

In 1903, the Toronto Automobile Club was formed. Its first president was Dr. Perry E. Doolittle who later became the president of the OML and later, the president of the Canadian Automobile Association. Doolittle travelled across Canada numerous times spreading the message of the need for better roads. He was dubbed "Good Roads Advocate" and "Father of the Trans-Canada Highway".

Membership services are geared toward assisting the motorist and the club is widely known for its 24/7 Emergency Road Service. There is also a Traffic Advisory Department which protects and maintains the legal rights of members involving offences under the Highway Traffic Act. The Domestic Travel Department provides members with routes, maps and tourist information for Canada and the United States. Travel in the rest of the world is handled by the International Club Services. CAA clubs are the only issuers of the International Driving Permit and can provide information on international car hire and Canadian nationality plates. The counsellors can help you to plan a trip and book airline, boat and rail tickets.

There are three types of memberships: Basic, Plus and Premier. You are able to upgrade at any time. With a membership, you also receive discounts and savings opportunities and competitive insurance rates.


For the treatment of corneal diseases, in the form of eye jeomanyak physiological adjuvant or L- carnitine and / or one or more for the manufacture of a medicament peum alkanoyl L- carnitine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a single use. L- carnitine, alkanoyl L- carnitine, jeomanyak


This study isolated and characterized UHMWPE particles from 3 explant groups: early Charnley hip failures (ECE; < 10 years), late Charnley hip failures (LCE; > 10 years) and early knee failures (EKE; < 10 years). Debris isolated from the 3 groups had percentage particle number and percentage volumetric concentration distributions that were not significantly different. The greatest number of particles were found in the 0.1-0.5 microm size range and 19-20.6% of the volumetric concentration was below 1 microm in size in all groups. However, there were significant differences in the total volumetric concentration of debris isolated per g of tissue. LCE had significantly higher volumes of debris than ECE and EKE, there was no significant difference in the volume of debris from the EKE and ECE. The mean aspect ratio and mean irregularity ratio of the LCE group were also significantly higher than the ECE and EKE, suggesting that different wear mechanisms were occurring in the late Charnley group compared to the early Charnley and knee groups. These results also suggest that early knees, with normal surface wear, may have similar wear mechanisms to early Charnley hips and indicate that similar volumes of biologically active micrometer and sub-micrometer UHMWPE particles were produced. This may have important implications in the longer-term outcome of total knee arthroplasties, because it indicates a similar potential for osteolysis induced by wear debris.


Abstract Numerical simulations of the spontaneous ignition and subsequent detonation of propane-air mixtures caused by a weak shock in a partially confined volume containing an obstacle are performed to study potential hazards from a leaking storage container. The numerical model combines a solution of the compressible equations of fluid dynamics with a phenomenological chemical induction model for species conversion and energy release. The purpose of the simulations is to study the mechanism of the ignition and detonation processes due to shock reflections from the wall boundaries. Nonreactive simulations show how the obstacle partially blocks the flow such that one portion of the shock front reflects off of the obstacle and another portion is transmitted. Reactive-flow simulations of stoichiometric propane-air show spontaneous ignition behind the shock reflected from the obstacle and later transition to detonation in the direction of the transmitted wave. A series of computations performed to study the ...


A number of applications have been proposed by using the technique of global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) such as ice monitoring and sea surface wind retrieval. Using GNSS-R for target detection has also been raised for its advantages of all-weather capabilities, worldwide coverage and the ability of counter the attack of anti-radiation missiles (ARM). In this work, ocean surface target detection and positioning by this technique is discussed. The analysis mainly focuses on two aspects: 1) the detecting principle and the ability of this approach, and 2) the target positioning method based on the corresponding relation between Delay-Doppler points and the spatial points of the observing area. The positioning ambiguity is also taken into account. The performance of the proposed detection and positioning methods are evaluated by some simulations in a realistic scenario.


The Mars Observer spacecraft will reach Mars on August 24, 1993. Launch and cruise phase operations have gone smoothly, with few spacecraft anomalies. The orbit insertion phase, which spans a three month period and involves a series of seven maneuvers, has been redesigned postlaunch making use of excess spacecraft velocity change (Delta V) capability to advance the mapping phase, now planned to begin November 24, 1993. This is highly desirable since it moves the start of the mapping phase away from solar conjunction and the expected dust storm disturbances. The redesign process involved making tradeoffs between science, operations, and maneuver requirements. At Mars, the spacecraft will continuously record data with a single daily playback through the Deep Space Network's 34-meter high-efficiency antennas for one Martian year.


The Complex Nature of Water at Molecular Interfaces Roland Winter* and Ralf Ludwig* Although H2O has been the topic of extensive research since the beginning of the last century, not all of its physico-chemical properties are well understood, and its temperature and pressure dependent phase behaviour still exhibits regions of "no-man's land". Water is a highly versatile substance. This extraordinary responsive liquid is more than merely a solvent. Each water molecule not only forms up to four directed hydrogen bonds in a tetrahedral fashion to its neighbours, but also establishes dipole and induced dipole interactions with neighbouring molecules. Such behaviour gives liquid water a specific character that can change with different physical and environmental conditions. Water exhibits particular functions depending on whether it acts as individual isolated molecule, in small clusters, large networks or in the bulk liquid phase.


In this paper,the reinforced thermoplastic starch(TPS)materials were obtained by extruding the mixture of TPS and copolyamide with a single scerw extruder. Different properties were examined including water resistance (changes of mechanical property after socked in water of 85℃),rheological property and miscibility (dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer and scanning electron microscopy). The result shows that the polymer system has a better degree of miscibility,and the copolyamide can reinforce the TPS material. After socked in hot water,the remained tensile strengths of the blends are all higher than TPS, especially when the concentration of copolyamide exceeds 30%.By the Theological analysis, copolyamide can decrease the flow activation energies and improve the flow behavior of the blends.


This paper introduces a novel approach in parallel checkpointing aimed at supporting fault-tolerance and migration among clusters of a ClusterGrid environment with various middleware components. Based on an architectural analysis, compatibility and integrity requirements are identified and corresponding conditions are established. Some of the available checkpointing systems are checked against the conditions in order to examine their conformity. Finally, a novel checkpointing approach is defined and the Parallel Grid Runtime and Application Development Environment (P-GRADE) Grid Programming Tool is adapted.


Consider the minimum number of unit size bins needed to pack Items that are independently distributed according to a given distribution μ concentrated on [0,1]. We prove that for some universal constant $i;K$ei;. we have


The wettability and surface energy of extruded ULTEM poly(ether imide) films strongly increased (the water contact angle varied from 75 to 38° and the surface energy varied from 45.3 to 59.5 mJ m−2, respectively) with the deposition of an allylamine-plasma-polymerized layer and were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy according to the experimental parameters. Pervaporation tests for dehydrating the water/ethanol azeotropic mixture were performed at 40°C with nontreated and plasma-treated ULTEM films for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. No significant difference was noticed in the total flow (ca. 2.5 g/m2 h) among the various films. However, for the 30-min duration, a great increase in the water selectivity from 850 to 10,850 was measured, and it was related to the higher N/C ratio and the presence of amide groups on the surface. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2088–2096, 2005


Red sequence galaxies form with an intense burst of star formation in the early universe to evolve passively into massive, metal rich, old galaxies at z 0. But Abell 1314 (z=0.034) is found to host almost all red sequence galaxy members - iden- tified using the mz index, classified using the Principle Component Analysis technique and SDSS colour correlations - some of which show properties of low-mass, star form- ing, and metal rich galaxies. The variably spread Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM) near the core forms a vital part in influencing the evolution of these members. To study their evolution, I correlated di erent parameters of the rest-frame narrowband photometry and the derived luminosity-weighted mean Single Stellar Population model ages and metallicities. The study finds the member galaxies evolve di erently in three di erent sec- tions of the cluster: 1. the region of 200 kpc hosts passively evolving old, massive systems which accumulate mass by dry, minor mergers, 2. the zone between 200-500 kpc shows stripped systems (or in the process of being gas stripped) by ram pressure with moderate star formation history, 3. the outer regions ( 500 kpc) show low-mass red objects with blue, star forming Butcher-Oemler galaxy like colours. This sort of environmental condition is known to harbour hybrid systems, like, the pseudo bulges, blue sequence E/S0 and Butcher-Oemler like satellite cluster galaxies. Overall, the cluster is found to be poor, quiescent with galaxies to have formed by the monolithic structure formation in the early universe and are now evolving with mergers and gas stripping processes by ram pressure.


Regardless of the cause of death, cardiac activity terminates in either ventricular fibrillation or ventricular arrest. Defibrillation of the heart is not as yet possible without thoracotomy; however, Zoll demonstrated in 1952 that ventricular standstill could be successfully treated by electric stimuli applied to the external chest wall. This author has reported 11 cases in which heart block (Stokes-Adams disease) was treated with an external artificial pacemaker for periods up to 108 hours. In the case presented, a similar artificial pacemaker was used continuously for seven days before a spontaneous idioventricular rhythm appeared. REPORT OF A CASE The patient was a 72-year-old man who had been well until March 19, 1954, when he had had a syncopal attack. After a second episode a week later, a diagnosis of heart block had been made, and ephedrine sulfate, 30 mg. four times a day, had been prescribed. There had been no further


Conventional video compression algorithms have higher compressibility,but the output code stream still needs recoding.A selfadapting arithmetic encoder was required in practical application to produce a final code stream,which can eliminate redundancy in binary code stream to obtain higher encode efficiency.QM arithmetic encoder is a high efficiency encoder designed for the simplicity and speed.It restricts the input symbol within single bit.Approximation was used to replace multiplication.The integer operation with fixed-point precision was used as well.The experiments indicate that adopting QM arithmetic encoder can obtain higher efficient encoding code stream and meet the selfadapting encoding compression requirement.


In the present review, Lamiaceae genera studied for their essential oils during 2006-2017 were investigated and compiled . Acinos, Ajuga, Ballota, Calamintha (Clinopodium), Coridothymus, Cyclotrichium, Dorystoechas, Hymenocrater, Hyssopus, Lallemantia, Lavandula, Marrubium, Melissa, Mentha, Micromeria, Nepeta, Ocimum, Origanum, Pentapleura, Perilla, Phlomis, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Satureja, Scutellaria, Sideritis, Stachys, Teucrium, Thymbra, Thymus, Wiedemannia, and Ziziphora species were comparatively listed and grouped referring to their major essential oil components. In addition, commercially important culinary and aromatic plants of Lamiaceae were also highlighted.


Calibration is very important to know the temperature uniformity inside the tool. One of them is at the temperature sterilizer, dry heating sterilizer which is sterilizing the device using a high heat oven. The purpose of this study is to develop a temperature Calibrator tool as a refinement of previously made tools by measuring temperatures more than one point in order to achieve a calibration process that complies with the standard. The working method of a temperature calibration device is that the sensor will detect the temperature which then enters the IC ATMEGA 328 that has been given the program and processed in such a way that the output will be displayed on the LCD 4x20 character in the form of temperature measurement of the device. Based on the results of comparative data between the module and the comparison tool "8 Channel Thermocouple Temperature Recorder" from the BPFK Surabaya, it has the largest difference of 40C and the percentage error (1,6%) and the smallest difference of 10C and the percentage error (0,16%).


Finding the right dosage of a psychotropic may be notoriously time consuming, but thought should be granted to the sexually dimorphic expression of CYP450 enzymes when prescribing medication.


ABSTRACT Accumulating sediments is an inherent attribute of endorheic basins. Overall aggradational stratigraphic architecture can be predicted in endorheic basins, whereas the offlap process can be regarded as an important geological indicator in closed basins. This study theoretically proposes the possible offlap process in endorheic basins, and then explores the actual pattern of the offlap process in the Qaidam basin, the largest endorheic basin in the northern Tibetan Plateau. According to the interpretation of drilling well data and seismic reflection profiles, widespread offlap is identified at all the three boundaries of the Qaidam basin since the late Miocene. The offlap process in endorheic basins is controlled by newborn faults or new isostatic flexures inside the previous basin margin. Interpretation of seismic reflection profiles reflects that the rigid Qaidam block was gradually broken during the India‐Eurasian collision and the plateau progressively expanded from pre-existing mountains to basins. Graphical abstract


The quenching by O[sub 2] of the MLCT excited states of 10 Ru(II)-diimine complexes (RuL[sup 2+]) of the form Ru(bpy)[sub 3[minus]m[minus]z] (bpm)[sub m](bpz)[sub z][sup 2+] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine, bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine, m and z = 0, 1, 2, 3 and m + z [<=] 3) in aqueous solution has been investigated using the techniques of laser flash photolysis and time-resolved and steady-state near-infrared emission spectrophotometry. Values of k[sub q] have been determined in H[sub 2]O and D[sub 2]O and range between 5.1 [times] 10[sup 8] and 3.4 [times] 10[sup 9] M[sup [minus]1] s[sup [minus]1]. The quantum yields ([phi][sub [Delta]]) of singlet molecular oxygen, O[sub 2]([sup 1][Delta][sub g]), originating from the energy-transfer quenching of *RuL[sup 2+] by O[sub 2] and determined in D[sub 2]O by comparison with [phi][sub [Delta]] from the excited state of tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS[sup 4[minus]]), are 0.5 for Ru(bpy)[sub 3][sup 2+] and approximately 1 for all the other complexes. It has been established that for Ru-(bpy)[sub 3][sup 2+] and, presumably, all the other complexes the yield of electron-transfer products, RuL[sup 3+] and O[sub 2][sup [center dot][minus]], in bulk solution, is negligibly small. The lower value of [phi][sub [Delta]] for Ru(bpy)[sub 3][sup 2+] is attributed tomore » competitive charge-transfer quenching, followed by efficient back electron transfer within the solvent cage. The values of the rate constants of energy transfer for the six complexes that contain at least one bpz ligand decrease with increasing driving force. 63 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.« less


The heat treatment process of a new Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy(Al-1.2%Mg-0.9%Si-0.6%Cu)was studied by mechanical properties test and metallographic observation.The results indicate that a reasonable heat treatment process of the alloy is solution at 550℃ for 2 hours,then quenched with water,aged at 185℃ for 2 hours followed by 200℃ for 1hour.Its tensile strength can reach over 340MPa and the hardness over 105HB,as well as the elongation over 12%,because of the fine and dispersed precipitates resulting in an excellent age hardening.


In this paper,the techniques of image processing and pattern recognition are used to process cloud images and extract features.Then the cloud image database is built on this basis.The prospects of cloud image database application is finally discussed. [WT5HZ]


Experimental evidence for Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons at room temperature in a thin film of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) excited by parallel pumping is already available and different features of the experimental results have been explained qualitatively [Nature 443, 430 (2006)]. In the present work, we explain quantitatively different aspects of this experimental observation through spin wave treatment. In the case of parallel pumping field, we have developed a formula for the time required for the formation of magnon BEC in a thin film of ferromagnetic material. This relation is found to be in good agreement with known experimental results. In a similar treatment we predict the condition for the formation of BEC of magnons in the case of perpendicular pumping.


A simple valuation model with time-varying investment opportunities is developed and estimated. The model assumes that the investment opportunity set is completely described by the real interest rate and the maximum Sharpe ratio, which follow correlated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. The model parameters and time series of the state variables are estimated using U.S. Treasury bond yields and expected inflation from January 1952 to December 2000, and as predicted, the estimated maximum Sharpe ratio is related to the equity premium. In cross-sectional asset-pricing tests, both state variables have significant risk premia, which is consistent with Merton's ICAPM. Copyright 2004 by The American Finance Association.


1.1.Background and objectives:There is considerable disagreement in the literature regarding the nature of differences underlying subgroups of blood group A. The purpose of this study is to further investigate possible qualitative and quantitative variations between A1 and A2 erythrocytes.

 1.2.Materials and methods:Erythrocytes from type A blood donors were tested for hemagglutination with A and B monoclonal antibodies and the A1 lectin, Dolichos biflorus. A2 subgroup was assigned to those A erythrocytes that did not react with Dolichos biflorusbut did react strongly with A antibody. Once A1 and A2 cells were thus identified, variation in A antigen expression was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot.

 1.3.Results:Flow cytometry revealed that A2 cells express less A antigen than A1 cells, but the extent of the difference was less than expected and decreased as the dilution of the A antibody increased. However, when A1 and A2 erythrocytes were studied by western blot, A1 erythrocytes yielded dramatic protein bands, which A2 erythrocytes failed to demonstrate.

 1.4.Conclusion:Only A1 erythrocytes expressed antigen identified by western blot. This dramatic qualitative difference between A1 and A2 cells seems to be more substantial than the small quantitative differences detected by flow cytometry.


There has been considerable recent interest in the dynamic vehicle routing problem, but the complexities of this problem class have generally restricted research to myopic models. In this paper, we address the simpler dynamic assignment problem, where a resource (container, vehicle, or driver) can serve only one task at a time. We propose a very general class of dynamic assignment models, and propose an adaptive, nonmyopic algorithm that involves iteratively solving sequences of assignment problems no larger than what would be required of a myopic model. We consider problems where the attribute space of future resources and tasks is small enough to be enumerated, and propose a hierarchical aggregation strategy for problems where the attribute spaces are too large to be enumerated. Finally, we use the formulation to also test the value of advance information, which offers a more realistic estimate over studies that use purely myopic models.


This white paper presents concept and solutions for virtualization of networks using Software Defined Networking. Software Defined Networking is an emerging trend in the networking and communication industry and it promises to deliver enormous benefits, from reduced costs to more efficient network operations. It is an architecture that allows network administrators to easily manage and introduce new network services. This is done by decoupling the management and control planes that makes decisions about where traffic is sent from (the control plane) the underlying hardware that forwards data traffic to the selected destination (the data plane). In this paper we are describing the virtualization of Traffic Engineering (TE) using SDN, which will cover the followings, Traditional network architecture Limitations of today's networking technologies Why this transformation in networking architecture is required. Case Study Virtualization of Traffic Engineering Use cases and Challenges Conclusion Jithesh TJ, Santhosh Karipur March, 2014 sasdsdsdsadasfdsasdassdsadasfdsaVoD www.nestsoftware.com NeST Controlled Software Defined Networking, Virtualization of Traffic Engineering White Paper Page 2 of 8 Introduction SDN is a new approach to networking that gives network operators and owners more control of the infrastructure, allowing optimization, customization and virtualization that enable the creation of new types of network services. Such new network services will have the ability to generate new business models, products & services, which reduce capital & operational costs. Why SDN? In the traditional networks, protocols are tightly coupled with network equipment, which is based on the principles of autonomous systems. Even as a proven networking model, simple and scalable, Network engineers have to manually configure a large number of devices individually, which quickly becomes unmanageable. Also, since networking software is embedded with the networking equipments, moving equipment from one location to other requires a lot of reconfiguration in the network by making the changes in the networking elements such as router, switch or firewall. Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System TE Label Distribution Apps Router Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System TE Label Distribution Apps Router Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System TE Label Distribution Apps Router Data & Control Path Data & Control Path Data & Control Path Today's Network Figure 1 Traditional Network A modern network requires the ability to adjust dynamically based on application needs such as traffic patterns and volume of data flowing. Policy changes have to automatically propagate to the entire network for configuration thus manual work and error can be avoided. New features have to be integrated with minimal disruption of the network operations. sasdsdsdsadasfdsasdassdsadasfdsaVoD www.nestsoftware.com NeST Controlled Software Defined Networking, Virtualization of Traffic Engineering White Paper Page 3 of 8 Next Generation Networks using SDN SDN addresses most of the concerns that network administrators and designers of modern networks face. SDN provides centralized programmability and management of networks, by separating the control and data planes of network switching. An SDN controller with complete knowledge of networking components and behavior can instruct devices how to handle traffic flows by software messaging. The behavior of the network is then configured by software in contrast to each individual device being independently configured by command-line interface or user interface. Open Network Foundation (ONF) is take lead in standardization of SDN and defined SDN architecture as shown in the figure 2. Application layer contains business application which consumes SDN services provided by control layer. Control layerwhich is called SDN controller provides logically centralized control functionality to application layer and well defined open south API which communicates with infrastructure layer. Infrastructure layer contains networking switches provides switching and forwarding functionalities. Here standard OpenFlow protocol is used to communicate control layer with infrastructure layer. The networking elements used in infrastructure layer should support OpenFlow protocol. Figure 2 ONF SDN Architecture sasdsdsdsadasfdsasdassdsadasfdsaVoD www.nestsoftware.com NeST Controlled Software Defined Networking, Virtualization of Traffic Engineering White Paper Page 4 of 8


A laboratory prototype of the microbiosensor for determination of D-serine concentration has been developed. The bioselective membrane on the basis of D-aminoacids oxidase, immobilized with BSA on the surface of amperometric micro-transducer, has been used as a sensitive element of the biosensor. Dependence of the biosensor response on buffer concentration and temperature has been studied while optimizing the biosensor function. The microbiosensor developed has been shown to be stable, its response — reproducible, linear range of the substrate determination — within D-serine concentrations of 0–0.8 mМ, minimum measurable limit — 2 мМ. The amperometric microbiosensor developed can be used as well for selective monitoring for further experiments to optimize and adapt his work to determine the concentration of D-serine level in different biological liquids both in vitro and in vivo.


Poor nutrition causes the prevalence of stunting (short children) to be very high, affecting one in three children 12 - 60 months, which is a proportion of public health problems according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). The Tanjung Langkat Health Center report on infectious diseases suffered by children under five in the Tanjung Langkat Health Center working area, ARI and Diarrhea is quite high among toddlers, namely 17.7% and 29.8%. This research is an analytic research study with case control design, which is an analytic study concerning how risk factors are studied using a retrospective approach. In other words, the effects (illness or health status) are identified at this time, then identified risk factors exist or occurred in the past. The results showed that children aged 12-60 months who had low birth weight and got stunting in the working area of Tanjung Langkat 58 Padang Puskesmas in 2015 were 15 people (48.39%), while normal children who suffered stunting were 16 people (51, 61%). This research is not in line with other studies which say that stunting children have more history of low birth weight. It is expected that Puskesmas Tanjung Langkat health workers will get children born with low birth weight, so health workers provide information that they have a risk of suffering from stunting (short), and are advised to maintain their health and pay attention to their parenting.


This article' purpose is to make a comparative analysis between the Quality Management System (NP EN ISO 9001: 2015) and the Internal Quality Assurance System within the scope of A3ES accreditation, seeking to understand the coincident points between both, as well as presenting the benefits of quality certification in A3ES assessments. It was possible to verify that there are many complementary aspects between the requirements of NP EN ISO 9001: 2015 and the scope areas of the Internal Quality Assurance System of the A3ES, concluding that the quality certification presents benefits to higher education institutions, leaving best prepared for A3ES assessments. However, it has been found that the involvement of internal auditing is not only mandatory in both systems, but its involvement has a determining role for resource optimization and continuous improvement.


The fast-growing demographic group of Asian Americans is often perceived as a "model minority." Using the context of education, this paper first establishes empirical evidence of this stereotype and then analyzes its consequences. We show that teachers rate Asian students' academic mastery more favorably than observationally similar white students. This positive bias contrasts with teachers' lower likelihood of favoring Black and Hispanic students, even after accounting for academic performance and behavior. Notably, the presence of any Asian student in the classroom exacerbates existing Black-white and Hispanic-white assessment gaps. This suggests that the "model minority" stereotype can have negative spillover effects on other minority groups in spite of its ostensibly positive valence.


Coast redwood forests are predominantly a timber managed habitat type, subjected to repeated disturbances and short rotation periods. What does this repeated disturbance mean for rare plants associated with the redwood forests? Rare plant persistence through forest management activities is influenced by many factors. Persistence of rare plants in a managed landscape is not in itself an indication of viability, but may reflect an overall increase, equilibrium, or decline in numbers. Although the persistence of some species can seemingly mimic weedy behavior, it is important to distinguish pioneer species behavior from the weedy behavior of invasive exotics. Individual species will have different responses to disturbance based on their life history and habitat requirements, as well as the type, intensity, and frequency of disturbance. Human disturbance and natural disturbance regimes are frequently and mistakenly viewed as equivalent. In addition, human disturbance regimes commonly create habitat opportunities for invasive exotics that readily out-compete rare plants for habitat. Knowing why rare plants persist in the managed redwood forest is dependent on understanding their distribution, habitat, life history, and sensitivity to disturbance. This paper will examine forest management effects on 10 rare species of the redwood forest.


The process of a continent-continent collision is generally described with an indentation geometry: A rigid indenter is assumed to deform a significantly weaker plate. The crust in front of the indenter is thickened and forms an orogen while the indenter itself remains unaffected by the large scale deformation. This scenario is well explored by analogue(e.g. Tapponier et al., 1982) and numerical models (e.g. England and Houseman, 1986) and has been successful in describing the India-Asia collision zone where most of the deformation is indeed partitioned into the Asian plate.


Skin Tumours Including Melanoma (Update): The Management of Low Risk Basal Cell Carcinomas in the Community. National Collaborating Centre for Cancer. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2010. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/csgstim/ (last accessed 19 September 2014). 3 Cook JL. The reconstruction of two large full thickness wounds of the upper lip with different operative techniques: when possible, a local flap repair is preferable to reconstruction with free tissue transfer. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39:281–9.


Homocysteine (Hcy), an intermediate formed during the catabolism of the essential dietary amino acid methionine, and its cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone (TL) formed from Hcy in plasma, may be implicated in pathological haemostasis and atherosclerosis. The mechanism by which TL exerts the prothrombotic effect and influences blood platelets remains unclear. Activation of blood platelets plays an important role in prothrombotic events. The aim of our study was to establish and compare the influence of a reduced form of homocysteine (at final doses of 10–100 µM) and its cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone (0.1–1 µM), on platelet activation induced by thrombin (platelet aggregation), on platelet protein modifications (determined by parameters such as level of protein carbonyl groups, 3-nitrotyrosine residues in proteins) and on superoxide anion radicals () generation using the model system in vitro. We have observed that TL, like its precursor, Hcy, stimulates the generation of in platelets and causes an augmentation of platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Our present results in vitro also demonstrate that Hcy (10–100 µM) and TL at lower doses than Hcy (0.1–1 µM) cause modification of platelet proteins: diminished formation of carbonyl groups and distinctly decreased tyrosine nitration in platelet proteins after thrombin stimulation, but increased platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. TL like Hcy (at concentrations corresponding to concentrations in blood during hyperhomocysteinemia) modifies platelet responses to an important physiological agonist–thrombin.


Rare Earth Metal is a rare element that its availability in nature is very small. In Indonesia, the potential of rare earth metals is generally found as the associated mineral in major commodities, especially gold and alluvial tin. These associated minerals can be processed using a particular technology so that the result is a by-product that can increase the added value of the mineral. This purpose of this research was to investigate the dissolution of Cerium (Ce), Neodymium (Nd), Yttrium (Y) and Lanthanum (La) from mineral cassiterite by leaching process using dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfate acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Firstly, cassiterite was grinded to -100 mesh of particle size and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Secondly, 10 gram of cassiterite was leached in 100 ml solution of 3.26 N HCl, H2SO4 and NaOH at variation leaching time of 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours in atmospheric conditions. The products were then filtered to separate filtrate and residue of cassiterite. Finally, to investigate the dissolution of Ce, La, Nd and Y, filtrate from dissolved cassiterite was analyzed by Induced Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), while to know the chemical composition of cassiterite leached by dilute HCl, H2SO4 and NaOH, residue products of cassiterite was characterized by XRF analysis. The result of ICP-OES analysis showed the dissolution of Ce element higher than Nd, Y and La elements for leaching cassiterite using HCl, H2SO4 and NaOH. The increase of leaching time was accompanied by the rise in the amount of dissolved elements from cassiterite. The result of XRF analysis showed the chemistry composition of Ce, Nd, Y and La elements on residue decreased insignificantly from chemistry composition of cassiterite (raw mineral) in all conditions. However, the dissolution of Ce, La, Nd and Y was insignificant in all conditions.


Investigating the impact of tolerance-affected parameters on the performance of electric machines gets evermore important. A major reason is that designs are optimized and thus are on or close to boundaries regarding performance constraints. Moreover, highly-utilized designs are obtained due to optimization of cost or specific measures like torque or power density following increased tolerance sensitiveness. To find the best tradeoff regarding rated performance and robustness, appropriate measures should be incorporated to optimization problems. Often, computational effort acts as barrier for succesful implementation, as numerous design parameters feature considerable variation. To minimize this effort, this work is about screening and quantifying the importance of tolerance-affected parameters. By contrast to classical sensitivity analysis, the likelihood of parameters to change must be considered. Different measures are introduced and compared by applying them to an electric machine scenario. The detailedness, accuracy, and fluctuation of the prediction is evaluated. At the best, the analysis does not require specific data point arrangements, e.g, orthogonal sets. The derived results can be utilized for determining most influential parameters and to focus on those during optimization. The overall computational effort can thus be signficantly reduced and tolerance analyses can be more easily incorporated to optimization problems.


The recently developed techniques of Terahertz (THz) imaging use wavelengths between the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. These wavelengths offer potential for medical applications because they are non-ionizing, are subject to far less scatter than visible or infrared wavelengths and large bio-molecules display distinct spectra in this range. This paper introduces the technique of THz imaging and validates the use of wavelet analysis by comparison with the Fourier methods generally used. Wavelets offer the advantage over Fourier techniques that spectral information can be resolved in time.


The human trafficking of children and adolescents in Brazil is studied considering the National Report on Human Trafficking: data from 2014 to 2016. The possible purposes of the occurrences in the country are analyzed facing the gap in the published data. A critical approach of the phenomenon is carried out considering the postulates of the full protection doctrine of children and adolescents, to demonstrate to what extent the full protection of child victims of human trafficking is achieved in the context of the brazilian policy and the III National Plan to combat human trafficking. For this purpose, specialized documental and bibliografic research were used.


The utility model provides a virtual reality headset device adaptive to different user eyesight. The device comprises a virtual reality headset device body and two lens cones. The two lens cones are respectively arranged on the left window and on the right window of the virtual reality headset device body in an extension manner. The lens cone comprises a cylinder and an optical lens. The optical lens is fixedly arranged on the cylinder. The virtual reality headset device adaptive to different user eyesight can be adaptive to users in different eyesight degrees. The cylinders can be adjusted independently, so as to satisfy users whose left eye and right eye eyesight degrees are not consistent. Different virtual reality headset devices specially provided for different users are not needed, and applicability of the device is improved.


The flow properties of foam concrete mortar are different from the traditional mortar. It is shows self flow properties for yield strength is very low. There are many factors that determine the flow properties of foam concrete. Basically they said; water/cement ratio, water /powder ratio, type of cement, the type of foaming agent, the foam density, the type filler material and amount of, the density of the fresh mortar, etc. Therefore can be established a close relationship between the rheological properties of foam concrete and the final concrete properties. To be known the rheological properties of foam concrete offers important information about the workability of mortar, pumpability and instability. Rheological properties of foam concrete have been investigated in two different methods as the most important factors that determine the physical and mechanical properties. This was investigated by flow properties Marsh cone method and Brookfield viscometer.


Background: The optimal diagnostic strategy for patients with chest pain and detectable to mildly elevated serum troponin is not known. The objective was to compare clinical outcomes among an early decision for a noninvasive versus an invasive-based care pathway. Methods: The CMR-IMPACT trial (Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Strategy for the Management of Patients with Acute Chest Pain and Detectable to Elevated Troponin) was conducted at 4 United States tertiary care hospitals from September 2013 to July 2018. A convenience sample of 312 participants with acute chest pain symptoms and a contemporary troponin between detectable and 1.0 ng/mL were randomized early in their care to 1 of 2 care pathways: invasive-based (n=156) or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)–based (n=156) with modification allowed as the patient condition evolved. The primary outcome was a composite including death, myocardial infarction, and cardiac-related hospital readmission or emergency visits. Results: Participants (N=312, mean age, 60.6 years, SD 11.3; 125 women [59.9%]), were followed over a median of 2.6 years (95% CI, 2.4–2.9). Early assigned testing was initiated in 102 out of 156 (65.3%) CMR-based and 110 out of 156 (70.5%) invasive-based participants. The primary outcome (CMR-based versus invasive-based) occurred in 59% versus 52% (hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.86–1.57]), acute coronary syndrome after discharge 23% versus 22% (hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.67–1.71]), and invasive angiography at any time 52% versus 74% (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.49–0.87]). Among patients completing CMR imaging, 55 out of 95 (58%) were safely identified for discharge based on a negative CMR and did not have angiography or revascularization within 90 days. Therapeutic yield of angiography was higher in the CMR-based arm (52 interventions in 81 angiographies [64.2%] versus 46 interventions in 115 angiographies [40.0%] in the invasive-based arm [P=0.001]). Conclusions: Initial management with CMR or invasive-based care pathways resulted in no detectable difference in clinical and safety event rates. The CMR-based pathway facilitated safe discharge, enriched the therapeutic yield of angiography, and reduced invasive angiography utilization over long-term follow-up. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01931852.


Due to the shortage and environmental pollution of fossil fuel sources, conventional generating units are substituted with renewable energy sources. Thus, the total inertia decreases while the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) increases, affecting the system frequency and stability. In this paper, a supplementary control, washout filter, is added to the primary frequency control of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)- based wind turbine for better frequency regulation. In order to achieve the best performance (lowest frequency deviation with keeping the system stable), a new optimization technique called Mayfly Algorithm (MA) is used to find the optimum values of the washout filter's parameters. Compared with the traditional method, a great improvement has been presented in the system frequency response under different load perturbations. Also, the results show that the washout filter's parameters have an adverse impact on the frequency response and system stability if they aren't determined accurately. MATLAB/SIMULINK program is used to test the performance of the improved method under different scenarios.


We examined whether and how various biases may influence customers' satisfaction evaluations and produce discriminatory judgments for minority and female service employees. We argue that customer satisfaction evaluations are biased because they are anonymous judgments by untrained raters that usually lack an evaluation standard. Laboratory and field samples provide disturbing evidence generally confirming our arguments and suggesting that the presence of nonwhite and women service employees may produce lower aggregated customer satisfaction evaluations that may ultimately hurt individuals and organizations financially.


Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of high intensity interval training on diabetic obese women with polyneuropathy.
Methods: In rehabilitation clinics. A double blinded controlled


Soybean aphids have been sighted on V1-stage soybean plants this summer, and they may become a problem. Field infestations are often accompanied by beneficial insects, but it is not known whether these predators and parasites can be manipulated to reduce aphid damage. The Leopold Center is supporting our research on biocontrol of the soybean aphid.


Background: This study is a retrospective analysis of urological complications and their treatment in our series of live-donor renal transplantation. Material and Methods: The series comprised of 500 patients. All underwent extravesical ureteroneocystostomy and all except a few initial patients were stented. Results: There were 92 complications in 82 patients (18.4%). Urinary leakage occurred in 1.2%. There were no intrinsic ureteric obstructions. Extrinsic ureteric obstruction occurred in 0.8% of cases. The incidence of UTI was 15.4% and of urethral strictures 1%. Conclusion: The technique of stented extravesical ureteroneocystomy has led to an extremely low rate of urological complications in our series, over a long time and in a substantial number of patients.


The article considers the problem of the social status of diakov in the class structure of the Russian society of the second quarter of XV century. Analyzed the social origin and marriage and family relations dyakov. It is revealed that in the period under review, the times-the progressing process of transformation of dyakov of the non-free servants in serving people, a significant part of which came from the ranks of the children of boyars-ing.


In treating neurosyphilis penicillin regimens should be used that achieve, in the cerebrospinal fluid, at least the minimal acceptable treponemicidal concentration as recommended by the World Health Organisation-namely, 30 IU/I (0 018 mg/l). Otherwise, viable Treponema pallidum may persist in the cerebrospinal fluid despite treatment that produces adequate penicillin concentrations in the serum.' Commonly used treatment schedules-namely, daily intramuscular injections of procaine penicillin alone or with aluminium monostearate or of the depot preparation benzathine penicillinachieve treponemicidal concentrations in blood but not cerebrospinal fluid.'-4 Treponemicidal concentrations of penicillin may be produced in cerebrospinal fluid by benzylpenicillin alone, 4 MIU intravenously four hourly, or by 500 000 IU intravenously six hourly together with probenecid by mouth.4 Indeed, it has been suggested that penicillin might have to be administered intravenously to produce adequate cerebrospinal fluid concentrations. Recently, however, we reported that an inpatient regimen of intramuscular benzylpenicillin and oral probenecid, both given six hourly, produced treponemicidal cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in all of 31 patients.' We now report similar results produced by a regimen suitable for outpatients.


The Casimir energy for a massless scalar field between the closely spaced two concentric D−dimensional (for D > 3) spheres is calculated by using the mode summation with contour integration in the complex plane of eigenfrequencies and the generalized Abel-Plana formula for evenly spaced eigenfrequency at large argument. The sign of the Casimir energy between closely spaced two concentric D-dimensional spheres for a massless scalar field satisfying the Dirichlet boundary conditions is strictly negative. The Casimir energy between D − 1 dimensional surfaces close to each other is regarded as interesting both by itself and as the key to describing of stability of the attractive Casimir force. PACS number(s): 03.70.+k, 11.10.Kk, 11.10.Gh, 03.65.Ge


: Let G be a ( p, q ) graph. Let f be a map from V ( G ) to the set { 1 , 2 , · · · , k } where k is an integer 2 < k ≤ | V ( G ) | . For each edge uv assign the label r where r is the remainder when f ( u ) is divided by f ( v ) (or) f ( v ) is divided by f ( u ) according as f ( u ) ≥ f ( v ) or f ( v ) ≥ f ( u ). The function f is called a k -remainder cordial labeling of G if | v f ( i ) − v f ( j ) | ≤ 1, i, j ∈ { 1 , · · · , k } where v f ( x ) denote the number of vertices labelled with x and | η o − η e | ≤ 1 where η e and η o respectively denote the number of edges labeled with even integers and number of edges labelled with odd integers. A graph with a k -remainder cordial labeling is called a k -remainder cordial graph. In this paper we investigate the 4 − remainder cordial labeling behavior of banana tree, coconut tree, bamboo tree.


The self-synchronized phenomena between two metronomes fixed on the pendulum-like horizontal plate are investigated by applying the shooting method. The metronome system keeps the vibration under the effect of impulsive torque, but the ordinary shooting method is not applicable to such system. Therefore, the shooting method is improved to analyze the self-excited vibration generated by the impulsive effects. By applying the improved shooting method, the self-synchronized solutions of the metronome system are computed completely, and the stability of the solutions is also analyzed. From the computational results, the overall property of some types of self-synchronized vibration is clarified. In addition, Poincare maps, power spectrums and bifurcation diagrams confirm the occurrence of quasi-periodic vibrations and chaotic vibrations in the unstable regions.


Despite massive advances in the treatment of paediatric acutelymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) challenges remain. Disease in thecentral nervous system (CNS) continues to pose difficulties indiagnosis, prevention and treatment. Understanding the biological mechanisms of leukaemic cell entry into the CNS should allow betterdetection and monitoring of leukemia and may identify noveltherapeutic targets for resistant disease. We hypothesize thatleukaemic cell dissemination to the CNS is associated with theabnormal expression of molecules governing physiological leukocytetrafficking i.e. chemokine receptors, selectins and integrins.This study compared gene, protein and functional expression ofcandidate trafficking molecules expressed by CNS homing and CNSnon-homing ALL cell lines in vitro. Initial screening for candidategene expression was performed using Taqman low density quanti-tative PCR arrays. Promising candidates were further evaluated byflow cytometry and functional assays. Clear differences were seenbetween the cell lines. CNS homing cells expressed higher levels ofchemokine receptors, integrins and selectins associated withphysiological entry of leukocytes across the blood:CSF barrier. Incontrast, CNS homing cells showed much lower levels of CXCR4expression, with reduced chemotaxis in response to the CXCR4ligand CXCL12. Since functional CXCR4-CXCL12 interactions areknown to be important for retention of cells in the bone marrowmicroenvironment, disruption of this interaction may be a necessarypre-requisite for cell migration to other sites.In conclusion, these studies support our hypothesis that theability of leukemic cells to enter the CNS is governed by theexpression patterns of leukocyte trafficking receptors.


When G is a finite-dimensional Haar subspace of CX,R^k, the vector-valued functions (including complex-valued functions when k is 2) from a finite set X to Euclidean k-dimensional space, it is well...


Cancer research is primarily dependent on rodent models. There has been a huge advancement in anticancer drug discovery in the last two decades, which is mainly due to improved animal models and introduction of non-invasive imaging technologies. Non-invasive imaging technology plays an important role in cancer and other biomedical research areas including neurology, cardiology, nanotechnology and stem cell biology. The intricate pathways in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis can be visualized and the processes can be analyzed quantitatively using these techniques. Robust preclinical data is the backbone of anticancer drug discovery, which can be obtained precisely using imaging technology. This review is focused on the dedicated preclinical imaging modalities such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Optical imaging and Cerenkov imaging. This paper discusses their present roles in basic and translational research towards evaluation of suitability of target molecules for further clinical trials.The unique features of the imaging modalities enable them to provide information necessary for understanding structural, functional and molecular processes involved in various stages of cancer development thus bridging the gap between bench and bedside.


A recently completed complex on the Central Grounds of the University of Virginia honors the vision of Thomas Jefferson, the university's founder, while expanding academic facilities for students and faculty members. A 95 ft wide landscaped pedestrian terrace links the complex both physically and aesthetically to the university's famed lawn.


The objective of this work is to characterize the nonlinear dependence of the piezoelectric d15 shear coefficient of a composite actuator on the static electric field and include this effect in finite element (FE) simulations. The Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares optimization algorithm implemented in MATLAB was applied to acquire the piezoelectric shear coefficient parameters. The nonlinear piezoelectric d15 shear constant of the composite actuator integrated with piezoceramic d15 patches was obtained to be 732 pC/N at 198 V. The experimental benchmark was simulated using a three-dimensional piezoelectric FE model by taking piezoelectric nonlinearity into consideration. The results revealed that the piezoelectric shear d15 coefficient increased nonlinearly under static applied electric fields over 0.5 kV/cm. A comparison between the generated transverse deflections of the linear and nonlinear FE models was also performed.


The confliction between data amount and calculation resource is worsened during the real-time route replanning process of multiple aircrafts' 3-dimensional stealth penetration. For this problem, a roadmap method is provided here, which divides the threat analysis process and route optimizing process. Two kinds of roadmap building method is provided here. The one comes from A* route planning process, which can be used in the case of small difference between replanning area and preplanning area. And the other comes from point matrix with equal distance, which can be used in the case of large difference between replanning area and preplanning area. Numerical simulation gives the mentioned methods' effect, and demonstrates its validity.


1. Coexpression of the beta subunit with the alpha 1C subunit of the cardiac L‐type Ca2+ channel has been shown to increase ionic current. To examine the mechanism of this increase, ionic and gating currents were measured in transiently transfected HEK293 cells. 2. Beta 1A subunit coexpression increased the maximal whole‐cell conductance (Gmax) measured in 10 mM Ba2+ from 91 +/‐ 11 to 833 +/‐ 107 pS pF‐1 without a change in the voltage dependence of activation (V1/2: ‐6.1 +/‐ 1.1 and ‐6.6 +/‐ 0.9 mV, respectively). 3. Gating currents were smaller in cells expressing only the alpha 1C subunit (only four out of eleven cells exhibited gating currents above the limits of detection, whereas eight out of eight beta 1A coexpressing cells had measurable gating currents). The gating currents were integrated to measure the intramembrane charge movement (Q). The ON charge movement (Qon) could be described by a Boltzmann distribution reaching a maximal value of Qon,max. 4. The mean ratio of Gmax: Qon,max increased from 99 +/‐ 6 to 243 +/‐ 30 pS fC‐1 with beta 1A coexpression, demonstrating that the beta 1A subunit changes the gating of alpha 1C channels to favour the opening of the channels. However, this 2.5‐fold change in the Gmax: Qon,max ratio explains less than half of the 9.2‐fold increase in Gmax with beta 1A subunit coexpression. The major effect is due to a 3.7‐fold increase in Qon,max, demonstrating that beta 1A subunit coexpression increases the number of functional surface membrane channels.


In this paper,the raspberry leaf tea was used as material,the main ingredient in it were determined. Test results showed that the content of tea polyphenols, flavonoids and ellagic acid content in Raspberry leaf tea was 8.676 g/100 g, 2.960 g/100 g and 0.566 g/100 g respectively.


This research deals with anti-war thinking and the pacifist movement that has been brewing since the end of the 19th century, in the heat of the pre-war imperialist climate in Europe during the prolegomena of the Great War. And in the broad context of world conflagration (1914-45), about how Spanish women think war, live and act. These pages reflect the ideas and considerations of some of those women who reflected on the war and also the national and international organized activism of those who fought for peace, with a strategy that combined feminism, pacifism and antifascism. Some of these voices protagonistas are Concepcion Arenal, Carmen de Burgos, Maria Lejarraga, Isabel Oyarzabal, Veneranda Garcia Manzano, Carmen Dorronsoro, Federica Montseny, Sara Berenguer, Aurora Arnaiz, Teofila Madronal, Manuela Ballester…


1. Introduction: Isma'ilis and Isma'ili studies Farhad Daftary Part I. The Classical Phase: 2. The Fatimids and the Qarmatis of Bahrayn Wilferd Madelung 3. The cosmology of the pre-Fatimid Isma'iliyya Heinz Halm 4. Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani and the seven faculties of the intellect Wilfred Madelung 5. The Isma'ili oath of allegiance ('ahd) and the 'sessions of wisdom' (majalis al-hikma) in Fatimid times Heinz Halm 6. Al-Qadi al-Nu'man and Isma'ili jurisprudence Ismail K. Poonawala 7. A critique of Paul Casanova's dating of the Rasa'il Ikhwan al-Safa' Abbas Hamdani 8. Portraits of self and others: Isma'ili perspectives on the history of religions Azim A. Nanji 9. An Isma'ili version of the heresiography of the seventy-two erring sects Paul E. Walker Part II. The Nizari Phase: 10. Hasan-i Sabbah and the origins of the Nizari Isma'ili movement Farhad Daftary 11. The power struggle between the Saljuqs and the Isma'ilis of Alamut, 487-518/1094-1124: The Saljuq perspective Carole Hillenbrand 12. The Isma'ilis of Quhistan and the Maliks of Nimruz or Sistan C. Edmund Bosworth 13. The philosopher/vizier: Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and the Isma'ilis Hamid Dabashi 14. 'Sometimes by the sword, sometimes by the dagger': the role of the Isma'ilis in Mamluk-Mongol relations in the 8th/14th century Charles Melville 15. The Isma'ili ginans: reflections on authority and authorship Ali S. Asani 16. The Nuqtawi movement of Mahmud Pisikhani and his Persian cycle of mystical-materialism Abbas Amanat.


This paper reports ground and excited states calculations of dendrimer by a methodology based on INDO/S, including electronic correlation CI. The results reveal the existence of different electronic patterns for the different generations of this molecule. The results indicate that this class of dendrimers has a peculiar behavior on dipole moment of the different families. These results are consistent with recent experimental data supporting the importance of this state for the mechanism of the interaction of dendrimer. The mechanism of relaxation of dendrimer is supported by the absorption spectra simulation and the conclusion comes by analysis of main transitions presents on different generations of this class of molecules.


After bone tumor resection, the large bony deficits are commonly reconstructed with Ti based metallic endoprosthesis which provide immediate stable fixation and allow early ambulation and weight bearing. However, when used in osteosarcoma resection, Ti implant-relative infection and tumor recurrence were recognized as the two critical factors for implantation failure. Hence, in this work, a novel zinc oxide nanoparticle decorating with naringin was prepared and immobilized onto Ti substrate. The drugs delivery profiles proved that, in the bacterial infection and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma induced acidic condition, naringin and Zn2+ can be released easily from the functional Ti substrate. The anti-osteosarcoma and antibacterial assay showed the delivered naringin and Zn2+ can induce remarkable increase of oxidative stress in bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and osteosarcoma (Saos-2 cells) by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS results in damage of bacterial biofilm and bacterial membrane, leading to the leakage of bacterial RNA and DNA. Meanwhile, increase of ROS induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by activating ROS/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vitro cellular experiments, including cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen secretion, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization level, indicated that the functional Ti substrate exhibited great potential for osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation. Hence, this study provides a simple and promising strategy of developing multifunctional Ti-based implants for the reconstruction of large bony after osteosarcoma resection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


With the development of chaos theory and communication technology, several modulation schemes have been proposed and studied. This paper focuses on modulation and demodulation technology of chaotic communication, and an improved chaotic modulation scheme—Amplitude Frequency Quadrature Chaos Shift Keying is proposed. The BER performance and the data transmission rate of the communication system are simulated. The simulation results show that the efficiency of chaotic communication system is improved significantly.