A study involving measurement and analysis of adsorption of common bile acids, namely cholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids, on cereal type dietary fibers was conducted. The selected food fibers were oat fiber, rice fiber, barley fiber, corn bran, and wheat bran, which are all extensively used in processed foods. The adsorption data were measured at 37C and 25C, which correspond to approximate human body and room temperatures. Influence of particle size reduction, due to grinding, on a fiber's bile acid binding capacity was examined by using macro size (35-60 mesh) and micro size (100-300 mesh) fibers as adsorbents. The investigation also included the effects of medium pH and the chemical composition. The experimental data were correlated with the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms in order to utilize the data in future predictions and simulations. It was found that the particle size reduction, accompanied by surface area increase, has a significant influence on the adsorption capacity of the fiber. Macro size fibers adsorbed the same bile acid with the following trend: oat > barley > rice > wheat > corn; while micro size fibers followed a somewhat different trend: rice > barley > oat > wheat > corn. This was due to the surface area change after grinding, and a positive correlation between the surface area and the adsorption capacity was observed in each case. The adsorption was favored by acid pH surroundings, and it was positively correlated with the hydrophobicity of the bile acid. In all cases, the bile acids were adsorbed on the same fiber with the following trend: lithocholic acid > deoxycholic acid > cholic acid. Fibers adsorbed more bile acid at 25C than they did at 37C. However, the increase in the uptake capacities were not very signifiant.


There exists a rich sociohistorical scholarship on sport in Australian society, and particularly on the sociogenesis, development and differential popularity of sports such as Australian Rules football, cricket and soccer. However, the processes through which young Australians are socialized into sport and become fans of a particular sport team remain a relatively unexamined phenomenon. In their article on sport fandom in Australia, Merrill Melnick and Daniel Wann (2011) make a significant contribution to knowledge about sport socialization and the team identification of Australian fans. Using a convenience sample of 163, Melnick and Wann surveyed students from a Melbourne-based university. The questionnaire used comprised 25 items which included two reliable and valid uni-dimensional instruments, the Sport Fandom Questionnaire and the Sport Spectator Identification Scale. Melnick and Wann reported that for the respondents friends (peers) were most influential in their becoming a sport fan, followed in order by parents, school and 'community'. Their findings further evidence the role that peers play in the sport socialization and team identification of young people. However, the respondents overwhelmingly identified males, and particularly fathers, as the most influential person responsible for their 'decision' to become a sport fan. In general, 'family members had the greatest impact as sport fandom socialization agents. They accounted for 65 percent of the responses' (Melnick and Wann, 2011: 7). We argue that in the study by Melnick and Wann there is a disconnect between the forced choice responses given by respondents in terms of rating the importance of socialization agents, and those agents that were freely nominated by them as the most influential person in their 'decision' to become a sport fan. This disconnect affects the


Antiferromagnetic and magnetoelectric Cr2O3 surfaces strongly affect the electronic properties in half-metallic CrO2. We show the presence of a Cr2O3 surface layer on CrO2 grains by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The effect of these surface layers is demonstrated by measurements of the temperature variation of the magnetoelectric susceptibility. A major observation is a sign change at about 100 K followed by a monotonic rise as a function of temperature. These electric-field–induced moments in CrO2 are correlated with the magnetoelectric susceptibility of pure Cr2O3. This study indicates that it is important to take into account the magnetoelectric character of thin surface layers of Cr2O3 in granular CrO2 for better understanding the transport mechanism in this system. The observation of a finite magnetoelectric susceptibility near room temperature may find utility in device applications.


In this paper we deal with the problem of applying model checking to real programs. We verify a program without constructing the whole transition system using a technique based on Monte-Carlo sampling, also called "approximate model checking". This technique combines model checking and randomized approximation. Thus, it avoids the socalled state space explosion phenomenon. We propose a prototype implementation that works directly on C source code. It means that, contrary to others approaches, we do not need to use a specific language nor specific data structures in order to describe the system we wish to verify. Finally, we present experimental results that show the effectiveness of the approach applied to finding bugs in real programs.


Background: Diabetic patients need to detect blood glucose level (BGL) foe diagnosis, treatment and flow up. Typically a blood sample for analysis is obtained via intravenous or a finger stick or other such invasive procedures. Often, this procedure cause physical and mental stress to the patient. Thus, it is desirable to use other biologic liquid such as saliva to detect the blood glucose level. The present study attempts to determine the correlation coefficient between blood glucose level and saliva glucose level (SGL) in healthy men. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study. 130 blood and 130 saliva samples were gathered from 10 healthy men in 13 times during a five-day period. Each day samples were taken 3 times, fasting, post parricidal and evening. Samples were analyzed with glucose oxidase method. Results: Mean of fasting blood glucose level was 84.9±3.43 mg/dl (58-118 mg/dl). Mean of saliva glucose level was 1.22±0.81 mg/dl (0.32-4.94 mg/dl). Correlation coefficient between BGC and SGL from the 5 days of measurement was 0.23. Correlation coefficient for each day was 0.38 (First day), 0.29 (Second day), 0.01 (Third day) and 0.37 (Fourth day). Conclusion: Unfortunately with this correlation coefficient and limited range of SGL we can not use saliva to detect BGL.


Endophytic fungi are fungal community inhabit apparently healthy plant tissues and are prevalent in terrestrial plants especially root tissues which harbour a wide assemblage of the fungal endophyte. Therefore, the present study was focused on the isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from roots of wild banana (Musa acuminata). A total of 31 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from 80 root fragments. The endophytic fungi were initially sorted based on morphological characteristics and identified using sequences of TEF-1α gene for Fusarium spp. and ITS regions for other fungi. The most common fungal species isolated was species from the genus Fusarium in which the isolates were identified as F. proliferatum, Fusarium sp., F. solani species complex and F. oxysporum. Other endophytic fungi isolated were Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma atroviride, Calonectria gracilis, Rhizoctonia solani, Bionectria ochroluca and Stromatoneurospora phoenix (Xylariceae). Several of the fungal genera such as Fusarium, Trichoderma, Rhizoctonia and Xylariceae are among common fungal endophyte reported in plants. The present study showed that roots of wild banana harbour diverse group of endophytic fungi.


In this study, human paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme was purified by using the hydrophobic interaction chromatography technique including ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-1-aminoantresan gel. The purity control of purified PON1 enzyme was performed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purification rate was found to be 663. Then, the inhibition effect of methyl parathion on pure enzyme was investigated. The IC50 value of this compound was 1.41 mM.


Introduction Digital technologies used for lower limb amputation patients wearing prostheses are mostly experimental due to the complexity involved in model development of the stump socket. The objective was to develop a technique for additive manufacturing of lower limb prosthetic sockets to minimize negative results using a three-dimensional model of a prosthetic socket and considering anatomy and functionality of the stump. Methods The review included 20 lower limb amputees who were assigned to 3 groups depending on the method of stump scanning. Results The results of prosthetics were evaluated with the stump scanned naked (n = 9), covered with a silicone cloth (n=6) and with the use of embedded components (n = 5). The results of clinical and instrumental examination showed the advantage of the scanning method offered. The symmetry index for the time of foot roll-over was 0.55 ± 0.14 in the first group, 0.63 ± 0.07 in the second group, and 0.85 ± 0.04 in the third group. Discussion The best results of prosthetics in third group were associated with the most favorable load distribution in the receiving cavity of the prosthetic socket due to embedded components. In these cases, processing the digital model was simplified with no need to unload bone prominences. With scanning of a naked stump, processing a digital model was complicated and required professional skills. This solution had the potential to prevent any sort of direct physical contact to avoid inadequate modeling of the computer model of the prosthetic socket. The use of a silicone liner allowed reducing the pressure on the bone prominences. With a sharply skeletonized stump, the elastic properties of the liner were not enough and could cause injury to the tissues. Conclusions The findings suggested that improved quality of prosthetics was dependent on the technique used to scan the stump. The use of pre-installed embedded components allowed for effective load distribution in the prosthetic socket and created favorable conditions for prosthetic use.


THIS study was attempted in order td describe the characteristics of three types of Extroverts and Introverts as measured by the Minnesota T-S-E Inventory in terms of performance on related sections of the Minnesota Personality Test and the Kiider Preference Record. During the academic years, 1942 to 1945, 190 women students a t Indiana University took a test battery which included the Minnesota T-S-E Inventory, the Mimesota Personality Test, and the K-ader Preference Record. From this group, those students who ranked in the upper and lower 25 per cent according to the norms for each of the three scores on the Minnesota T-S-E Inventory were chosen for this study. During the remainder of this article those students ranking in the upper 25 per cent on each of the I-E tests will be designated as Extroverts and those students ranking in the lower 25 per .cent will be designated as Introverts.


Meter-wave radar has large antenna and big mass,and needs disassembly for transport. Manual operations or crane aid are usual ways to assemble the antenna,but these ways take much time and have less safety. To realize the fast assembly of this antenna,this paper introduces an automatic docking platform with six degrees of freedom for large mobile radar antenna,and discusses its working principle,combined mechanism,hydraulic system,control system,and so on in detail. The platform has been used in certain radar antenna. It realizes the automatic antenna docking,increasing the radar mobility. The techniques of this platform can provide design reference for other large mobile radars.


A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection (220 nm) was developed for the determination of erdosteine in human plasma. The plasma was prepared by deproteination based on treatment with 6.25% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). After the mixture was centrifuged, the supernatant was separated on CAPCELL PACK C18(4.6 × 250 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile in phosphate-heptane sulfonate buffer at the volume ration of 5:95 (pH 2.0). Citiolone was used as an internal standard. The calibration curve was linear in concentrations of 0.5–8 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.5 μg/mL. This method was sensitive with reproducibility and specificity and successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of erdosteine (900 mg) in healthy subjects.


We describe a bilinear identity satisfied by certain multidimensional q-hypergeometric integrals. The identity can be considered as a deformation of the Riemann bilinear relation for the twisted de Rham (co)homologies.
The identity also gives an explicit formula for scalar products of solutions of the qKZ and the dual qKZ equations, therefore providing a deformation of Gaudin-Korepin's formula for norms of the Bethe vectors.


We used the time since infall (TSI) of galaxies, obtained from the Yonsei Zoom-in Cluster Simulation, and the star formation rate (SFR) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 to study how quickly the star formation of disk galaxies is quenched in cluster environments. We first confirm that both simulated and observed galaxies are consistently distributed in phase space. We then hypothesize that the TSI and SFR are causally connected; thus, both the TSI and SFR of galaxies at each position of phase space can be associated through abundance matching. Using a flexible model, we derive the star formation history (SFH) of cluster galaxies that best reproduces the relationship between the TSI and SFR at z ∼ 0.08. According to this SFH, we find that galaxies with M* > 109.5 M⊙ generally follow the so-called "delayed-then-rapid" quenching pattern. Our main results are as follows: (i) part of the quenching takes place outside clusters through mass quenching and preprocessing. The e-folding timescale of this "ex situ quenching phase" is roughly 3 Gyr with a strong inverse mass dependence. (ii) The pace of quenching is maintained roughly for 2 Gyr ("delay time") during the first crossing time into the cluster. During the delay time, quenching remains gentle, probably because gas loss happens primarily on hot and neutral gases. (iii) Quenching becomes more dramatic (e-folding timescale of roughly 1 Gyr) after delay time, probably because ram pressure stripping is strongest near the cluster center. Counterintuitively, more massive galaxies show shorter quenching timescales mainly because they enter their clusters with lower gas fractions due to ex situ quenching.


Everyone recognizes the South Atlantic's significance in global tectonics. Popular science writing uses it compellingly to introduce the notion of a mobile Earth surface. Du Toit's depiction, in 1937, of the closed South Atlantic was the scientific pinup for Wegener's continental displacement theory, as Bullard's follow-up of 1965 came to be for plate tectonics. Bullard's reconstruction has even crossed over into the cultural mainstream, and was reproduced on the cover of a 2000 dance music CD, appropriately entitled Tectonics. All this because the coastlines of western Africa and eastern South America so closely resemble one another that no specialist knowledge of geology or geophysics is required to appreciate that they were once nearly congruent. A lot is made of the fact that we are by no means the first to appreciate this much, and that in doing so we can trace a scientific lineage back over four centuries to the likes of Ortelius and Bacon. West Gondwana: Pre Cenozoic Correlations across the South Atlantic Region demonstrates that in spite this pedigree, there is much for Earth scientists still to learn in this region. The book comprises a collection of twenty papers examining geological correlations between the former continental neighbours. What makes this particular publication special is that by its size it can do so, for the first time in one place, from both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean, presenting new and previously unpublished knowledge alongside existing data and models that are spread throughout the international, regional, and proprietary literature. An introductory pair of papers sets the scene well for newcomers like me. In the first, De Wit et al. provide a historical overview, and an entirely necessary word of warning about the approaching terminological blizzard of blocks, shields, cratons, platforms, orogenic and mobile belts, massifs, terrains, terranes, domains, provinces, microcontinents, microplates, shear zones, orogenies, sutures, and 'events'. The book later covers the Neoproterozoic to Ordovician Araçuaı́-West Congo orogen, where this warning came into its own as I realized that the enclosing São-Francisco and Congo cratons, which must have moved with respect to each other during the orogeny, are frequently shown as continuous in pre-Jurassic reconstructions. The second introductory paper meets the necessity in any book that touches on Proterozoic palaeogeography for a section on palaeomagnetic models. In it, Pisarevsky et al. review just what it is that these models can, and cannot, tell us about West Gondwana within Rodinia, itself a cauldron of conflicting opinions. The emphasis on uncertainties, with both highand low-latitude Neoproterozoic–Cambrian palaeogeographies apparently only to be chosen between on the basis of how many mantle plumes one prefers to invoke for breaking up Rodinia, is sober and entirely justified. In line with the pre-Cenozoic tag in its title, West Gondwana's Phanerozoic history is represented in the volume. Milani & De Wit present an interesting comparison of the geology and subsidence patterns of the enormous Paraná and Cape-Karoo basins, emphasising both similarities and differences. Mohriak et al. focus on large offshore salt basins in the central Southern Atlantic, presenting some fine seismic reflection data their locations made suitably imprecise in the process. But the bulk of the book appropriately concentrates on the Proterozoic and older rocks that are so widespread along the South Atlantic margins. Neoproterozoic diamictites are recorded in several of the papers, and Pazos et al. concentrate on correlating them across West Gondwana and with global events. The focus on West Gondwana assembly in many of the other papers, however, is probably the book's strongest selling point, making it a good companion to the Society's 2003 Special Publication number 206, on East Gondwana. This focus begins with a comparison of Proterozoic sedimentary basins on the São Francisco and Congo cratons (Pedreira & De Waele), which is followed by five fascinating papers concentrating on north-east Brazil and its western and central African neighbours (Arthaud et al., Van Schmus et al., Dos Santos et al., Dada, and Klein & Moura). In the latter paper, we see evidence linking the São Luı́s craton and flanking Gurupi Belt to the much larger West Africa craton and flanking Trans-Saharan deformation. Elsewhere, we learn of shared Late Palaeoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic histories that culminated in collision and shearing between the São Luı́s/West Africa and São Francisco/Congo cratons, producing the paired Borborema Province and Central African Fold Belt. Within these are identified prominent linear and potentially precisely-correlatable features: for example the Transbrazilian and Kandi/4850 lineaments, or the Pernambuco shear zone and Adamawa Fault. Pedrosa-Soares et al. take a detailed look at the Neoproterozoic Araçuaı́-West Congo orogen, an embayment of Pan-African–Brasiliano shortening and subduction within the . 2 Ga São Francisco/Congo craton. Further into the book we encounter the Ribeira Belt, the more southerly reaches of the same collision, in papers by Heilbron et al. and Schmitt et al., and the collision is shown to have evolved through multiple phases. As well as this, the emphasis is on the


We investigate the final fate of rotating massive single stars at different metallicities. and discuss for which initial conditions long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are expected to be produced in the frame of the collapsar model. Implications for future studies for GRB progenitors are discussed.


With the help of FR early risk alert model,this paper builds a risk alert model for forecasting Chinese capital flow.Because money crisis is never happened in China,this paper uses frangibility of Chinese capital flow as the explained variable.The econometric analysis shows that the rate of foreign exchange reserve to GDP,the rate of foreign exchange reserve to M2,GDP growth rate are strongly related to frangibility.So they are the important index.


A robust and predictive subsurface model is a key requirement in several stages of exploration and development. Quite often, such a model is built through integration of wells and seismic data using a geological framework. Theory-based methods such as seismic inversion is the most commonly used tool to derive robust subsurface elastic properties models which are later transformed into reservoir properties such as porosity, volume of clay and water saturation using linear regression or nonlinear transforms like neural networks. In the early stage of exploration, where only few wells are drilled, very limited information is available for proper integration of wells and seismic data giving rise to higher uncertainty in the subsurface properties. In recent times, advanced deep machine learning methods such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used extensively in various industries with a remarkable success. CNN requires a large amount of sample data for efficient training of the network which poses a serious challenge in exploration scenario. Rock physics guided machine learning can fill this gap of data limitation and can open the avenue of using deep machine learning algorithms in exploration fields. A rock physics model is established and validated on drilled well and later used to simulate various possible geological scenarios like variations in porosity, saturation, volume of clay and reservoir thickness. Each of these scenarios is treated as a new synthetic well and the incidence angle dependent reflecti vity derived from the elastic property's curves are convolved with real seismic wavelet to generate synthetic seismic dataset. Thus, hundreds of synthetic wells and corresponding seismic prestack gathers are now available as labelled data to train the CNN. In order to make the learning process of CNN more efficient and robust, a transfer learning step is used before its application to real seismic data. Here we present a case study from Western Australia with limited well control. Acoustic impedance, porosity, volume of clay and water saturation models are generated using theory guided deep machine learning and interpreted along with seismic amplitudes, to reduce drilling risk and uncertainty.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two most common neurodegenerative diseases that primarily target the elderly population in society. The global economic and social burden of these neurodegenerative diseases is very high. To date, available treatments for these diseases are based on the neurotransmitter modulation and provide only symptomatic benefit. There is an urgent need to find the more effective treatments which can alter the underlying pathology of neurodegenerative diseases and stop their rising prevalence. Although many disease modifying approaches are under investigation, yet there is no successful candidate in market. Further, the current therapies focus on single target. However, the diseases like AD and PD which have complex pathology can be better controlled if we opt for a multi-targeted approach. In view of this, treatment by plant-derived alkaloids themselves or their derivatives is a promising hope. The aim of this review is to discuss the current progress with respect to clinical research, in development of alkaloids primarily obtained from plants and their derivatives for treatment and delay of these two devastating disorders. Also, the various mechanistic approaches of plant-derived alkaloids are highlighted..


Anthropogenic activities cause the introduction of nitrogen (N) into aquatic environments where these N inputs drive the biological synthesis of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent and ozone-depleting greenhouse gas. To assess the significance of N2O emissions to climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates indirect N2O emissions from rivers, lakes, and estuaries by multiplying the amounts of N received by these ecosystems with specific emission factors. Interestingly, the IPCC recently increased the N2O emission factor associated with wastewater discharge into "nutrient-impacted (eutrophic) aquatic receiving environments" nearly four times based on experimental evidence of high N2O emissions from N-receiving eutrophic ecosystems. As microalgae can produce N2O, these organisms may contribute to the N2O emissions frequently reported in eutrophic aquatic bodies. If that is the case, estimating N2O emissions solely based on nitrogen inputs to water bodies might lead to inaccurate N2O budgeting as microalgae growth is often limited by phosphorus in these environments. Establishing the significance of microalgal N2O synthesis in eutrophic environments is, therefore, critical and may lead to considerable changes on how to budget and mitigate N2O emissions and eutrophication.


For a long time,the procuratorial agency's suspensibility on legal status in civil action always causes the procuratorial work in civil action to be in the awkward region.Therefore,how to determine the procuratorial agency's legal status in civil action,has become the key point to study,this problem is not only the theory one,also matters awaiting to be solved urgently for legislation and the judicial practice.


The recently proposed dual mode logic (DML) gates family enables a very high level of power delay optimization flexibility at the gate level. In this paper, this flexibility is utilized to improve power efficiency and performance of combinatorial circuits by manipulating their critical and noncritical paths. An approach that locates the design's critical paths (CPs) and operates these paths in the boosted performance mode is proposed. The noncritical paths are operated in the low energy DML mode, which does not affect the performance of the design, but allows significant power consumption reduction. The proposed work is analyzed on 4bit carry skip adder, carry propagate adder, ripple carry adder and carry select adder. Simulations, carried out in a standard 180 nm dig ital CMOS process at different voltage levels VDD from 1v to 1.8v, show that the proposed approach allows performance improvement along with reduction of energy consumption, as compared with a standard CMOS implementation. KeywordsDual Mode Logic, power efficient, high performance, critical paths, power-delay optimization.


Normative support is created for social movements in a variety of ways. In previous studies of the diffusion of environmentalism, the complexity of this process has not been recognized. By synthesizing Smelser's (1962) collective behavior theory, Olson's (1971) theory of collective action and generalizations from diffusion research, we develop a theoretical model of support for resource conservation which includes socioeconomic status and aspiration, need identification, perceived problem immediacy, assessment of problem solubility and perceived personal efficacy.

To provide a preliminary test of the theoretical model, survey data were gathered from a sample of 485 undergraduate students. The six measured predictors explained 25 percent of the variance in support for resource conservation. The results suggest that the internal logic of conservationism may be self-defeating, and that therefore the diffusion of support for voluntary resource conservation will probably not be extensive.


Objective: To investigate the clinical effects on patients with severe tooth abrasion after telescopic denture treatments. Methods: Nine patients with severe tooth abrasion received 12 telescopic denture treatment. From 6 to 48 months after treatments when the patients almost coped with their telescopic dentures, their personal feelings, the mastication efficiency, the retention and the stability of denture, the improvement of TMD and X-ray examination were investigated when callback. Results: After treatment, most patients feel satisfactory in the fitness, the retention and stability of denture, the mastication efficiency and the improvements in TMD functions. The X-ray examinations showed there was no bone absorbtion in alveolar. Conclusion: The patients with severe tooth abrade are satisfied with the effects of treatment with telescopic denture.


The partitioning behaviors of indium(III) and thallium(III) in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-(NH4)2SO4 aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) by 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) as an extractant have been investigated and have been compared to our previous work on gallium(III). The effects of acidity, PEG molecular weight, PEG concentration, and temperature on partition coefficients (Kp) have been discussed. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), and entropy (ΔS°), for the partitioning process were also studied. The negative value of ΔG° and positive values of ΔS° and ΔH° indicated the spontaneous and endergonic nature for the gallium and indium partitioning process; on the contrary, the thallium process is exothermic. According to the results, PEG-based ATPSs have great potential for the removal and separation of gallium from indium and thallium by temperature and pH adjustments.


The Year Book of Orthopedics and Traumatic Surgery (1958‐1959 Year Book Series). Edited by Edward L. Compere, M.D., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S.; with a section on "Plastic Surgery", edited by Neal Owens, M.D., F.A.C.S., F.I.C.S.; 1959. Chicago: The Year Book Publishers. Sydney: W. Ramsay (Surgical) Limited. 7½″ × 5″, pp. 448, with 227 illustrations. Price: £4 2s. 6d.


This paper uses the A-share market data in China from the July,2009 to the June,2012 to make an analysis of its scale effect. It selects this special period of adjustment and innovation that China's enterprises face in the process of the sub-prime crisis to study whether the scale effect exists or not. Through descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis,it verifies the existence of scale effect; by introducing a quantile regression model,it further verifies the existence scale effect. At the same time,it also reveals how A-share marginal benefit changes with scale: as the scale decreases,marginal revenue become bigger first and then smaller,and the marginal revenue scale is negative.


Isotropy of physical properties and strength of quartz glass makes it a good material for use as resonators in aircraft navigation systems, in complex optical systems and automation elements. To form a solid surface, it is necessary to create siloxane bonds, consisting of silicon - oxygen compounds forming the structural unit of quartz glass of the SiO4 tetrahedron. For this purpose, an automated resistance furnace operating under the control of a personal computer was developed, and for processing of the results of surface quality, a computer program «Method of lying drop» written in Delphi 7.0 was used. The results of twelve measurements for each temperature are as follows: annealing temperature, mean square deviation, mean square sampling error, the value of the wetting angle, confidence interval, confidence probability, student coefficient. The calculation results can be displayed on the screen or in an external file. The program interface is convenient and clear.


the tactics communication system using FSO technology is one of the potential applications in fleet. The influence of atmospheric turbulence in marine surface layer to FSO communication is analyzed using the theory of light propagation in the atmosphere based on the Rytov approximation under the suitable assumptions of isotropic kolmogorov spectrum of turbulence, and the BER of FSO communication system and atmospheric turbulence are combined in terms of signal detect theory. Finally the conceptual design of shipboard FSO tactics communication system is presented and the limitation in application for the effect of atmospheric turbulence in marine surface layer is also brought forward.


We will review the recent advances of our group in the field of Er doped integrated light emitting devices. The emphasis will be in optimizing internal quantum efficiency and in multilayer-stack engineering.


The invention provides a solar-powered building integration device which comprises at least two lines of first roof structures, second roof structures, condensers arranged on the first roof structures and receivers on the second roof structures, wherein the first roof structures, the second roof structures, the condensers and the receivers are arranged in parallel in the east-west axial direction. The solar-powered building integration device is characterized in that the first roof structures and/or the second roof structures face a sunny slope and are arranged in an inclined mode. The inclined directions of the condensers and the first roof structures are close. The receivers are arranged close to the second roof structures. The condensers reflect sunshine into the receivers. The receivers convert converged sunshine into electric energy and/or heat energy. The solar-powered building integration device is widely suitable for use of heat and electricity in life, has the advantages of being high in efficiency, low in cost, fast in recycling and the like and is especially suitable for large-scale implementation.


In this work, a comparison is made between four soil types with respect to the leaching and retention of copper in them when it is added in the form of copper sulphate, copper lignosulphonate and copper-EDTA-chelate. In laboratory tests, the soil samples in lysimeter tubes were fertilised on the surface with amounts of copper corresponding to the amounts used in practice, after which the soils were irrigated with pure water. The results showed that copper added in EDTA form was leached through the soil columns to some extent during irrigation when the pH values of the soils had been raised to the 7.0 —7.4 level by the addition of lime. The copper added in the form of copper lignosulphonate or copper sulphate was not leached through the columns. There was no difference in the distribution of copper in the soil columns after eluviation where the different sources of copper were concerned. The bulk of the copper remaining in the soil was found in the uppermost stratum 2.5 cm in depth. There was no difference between the four soil types in this respect. When the soil was analyzed immediately after eluviation, the copper retained in it was still in an acetate-EDTA extractable form irrespective of source compound.


Blood loss following total knee replacement is a major concern of both patients and surgeons. The authors of this study are to be commended for designing a rigorous study that is clinically relevant to this topic. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid in decreasing blood loss following total knee replacement.

This prospective, double-blinded, controlled study was performed to evaluate the relative efficacy of two different dosages of tranexamic acid, delivered topically at the end of total knee replacement, in decreasing blood loss postoperatively. The authors controlled as many variables as possible, with all patients being enrolled in a similar blood-conservation program and deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis protocol. Patients were randomized to one of three groups and …


In their paper on Universal Grammar, language acquisition, and neurobiology, Eubank and Gregg (1995) attack current attempts to specify the neurobiological correlates of language acquisition. While these authors address a large variety of topics, they make two major assertions that call for brief discussion. First, they believe that some neurobiological accounts of language acquisition must be rejected because the authors of these accounts "give no evidence of knowing what it is that needs to be explained" (p. 53). Eubank and Gregg argue that only a language acquisition theory rooted in Government and Binding theory can be the basis of a neurobiological account of language acquisition. Government and Binding theory must be chosen because, according to these authors, it is the only welldeveloped theory of linguistic competence. To put it in a nutshell, "It is [language] acquisition theory that sets the problems for neurobiology to solve" (p. 53), and acquisition theory must conform to the Government and Binding approach. This master-and-slave view of the relationship between linguistics and biology is hard to accept, especially if one considers what Eubank and Gregg have to say about the master: Like most generative linguists, they do not hesitate to emphasize that the only well-developed linguistic theory is "not complete, of course, not yet correct in all or even most of its details, and perhaps not even in some of its fundamentals" (p. 51). It is inadequate to postulate that such a potentially insufficient construct must necessarily form the basis of biological research. This strategy may be unproductive, especially if theory-internal assumptions turn out to be wrong.


Abstract Energy efficiency is one of the main aspects in the Kraft pulping process. In Kraft pulping, the delignification of the pulp is mainly controlled by temperature and alkali. However, the quality is usually measured only in the blowline of the digester resulting in a control delay several hours. This affects to the quality control and also the energy efficiency of the plant. In this study, energy efficiency in the continuous Downflow Lo-Solids ® cooking application is studied using model-based approach. Temperature and alkali controls are considered and some suggestions are proposed.


The utility model relates to a distributed-type power interconnected inverter and electric vehicle charging machine integrated detection platform, which mainly has technical characteristics that: the distributed-type power interconnected inverter and electric vehicle charging machine integrated detection platform consists of a primary system and a secondary system, wherein the primary system comprises two direct-current power supplies, an electric car charging-discharging machine, a distributed-type power interconnected inverter, a simulation impedance network, a simulation load, an alternative-current linear power supply and an alternative-current switch power supply; and the secondary system comprises an industrial computer, a power analysis instrument, an electric energy quality analysis instrument, a data recording instrument, a safety test instrument and an oscillograph. Due to the adoption of the integrated detection platform, the detection of the distributed-type power interconnected inverter and the detection of the electric vehicle charging machine can be realized on one detection platform, so the investment on the system building can be reduced; and at the same time, flexible electrical connection design and different simulation and control devices with complete functions are adopted to supply more functions to the integrated automatic test platform, so the application range of the platform is enlarged, a function of automatically generating a test report can be realized, and the requirements on flexibility can be satisfied.


The clavicle is an infrequent location for primary tumors in general, and aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the clavicle is particularly rare. The challenge of the functional and esthetic result in the treatment of these lesions in the pediatric population is high when considering the reconstruction of critical bone defects. In this article, we present the case of a seven-year-old boy with an ABC in the middle third of the clavicle, treated by resection and reconstruction with free autograft of the fibula stabilized by using an intramedullary titanium nail. We offer a description of the used technique, considerations about treatment options in children, and a follow-up of more than two-and-a-half years.


While MCNP is well known among nuclear engineers in the US and in recognized countries with similar commercial nuclear interests, the code EGSnrc (which is the preferred within the American Association of Physicists in Medicine) is not as widely known among engineers/physicists engaged in traditional nuclear engineering. Both MCNP and EGSnrc are highly adept at modelling the transport of hard photons (1keV to hundreds of MeV's). EGSnrc is optimized in order to model the transport of electrons in a significantly more time efficient manner than MCNP. However, there is more statistical reliability with MCNP in the modelling of electrons when they are in the last few keV's worth of energy in their journeys than one finds in the results of EGSnrc, which is extensively optimized for time efficient electron transport modelling. It is instructive to point out that EGSnrc is designed exclusively for the transport of photons and electrons(+-), not for hadrons (i.e. protons, alphas, etc.). This is rather limiting in versatility for EGSnrc compared to MCNPX, which now does include many hadrons in addition to alphas. The predominant modes of radiation therapy are still done with hard photons, semihard photons, and less frequently with energetic electrons; either from accelerators or radioisotopic sources (e.g. Ir-192 etc.). Radiographic imaging relies on positrons and photons. Thus, EGSnrc is versatile enough with its choices of radiative particles for para-clinical applications. For geometric configurations and designs in the medical realm, virtually all material samples and targets are arranged within rectangular voxels, whose planar boundaries are aligned with their respective x,y, and z axes. While this might seem very limiting to the traditional nuclear engineering oriented user of MCNP, this is quite sufficient for the medical physicists and medical physics developers, who almost always work with 3 dimensional images of patients which are mapped as voxels with a grid-partitioning of often more than 70 by 70 by 50. These mappings of the densities and the images are recorded as files which are translated from the CT image files of a given patient or specimen. In this paper, material samples (or specimens) have been setup so as to be subdivided into voxels which often are simplified as cubes at the size of 1 cubic centimeter. These cubic or rectangular voxels are varied in material density and chemical compositions (atomic ratios for the "m-card" parameters of MCNP). These specimens are simulated as being irradiated by local point sources and rectangularly collimated beams of radiative particles chosen to be either photons or electrons. Each example of material sample with irradiation configuration is done both by MCNP as well as EGSnrc. It is the simulated doses imparted to each voxel via MCNP and also via EGSnrc that are recorded and reviewed for similarities and differences of performances between what the two codes. Dose per voxel is emphasized because medical physicists are mostly interested in doses resulting from radiation, not in the transmissions of particles. The simulation results between MCNP and EGSnrc are similar but not identical. Among preliminary examples of simulation for a given setup of material filled voxels which are irradiated by rectangular beams of either photons or electrons, it was generally found at most energy levels that EGSnrc predicts slightly higher doses than MCNP does. These are the doses imparted to samples within the target and to the material regions surrounding the target. Another noticeable trend in such geometries of the rectangularly collimated beam of monochromatic photons is that EGSnrc predicts a larger contribution from buildup in local dose "downstream" along the target than MCNP, for energies above 1 MeV. For energies above 5MeV, this discrepancy in dose predictions within the first 3 centimeters of beam penetration leads EGSnrc to predict nearsurface doses to be greater than 10 percent larger than the MCNP's predictions. An immediately apparent performance trend is that EGSnrc simulations of photons are over 40 percent faster than those of MCNP, using the same number of particles and the same computer for the simulations. When simulating electrons and given the same CPU and other equivalent computer hardware, EGSnrc is over 300 percent faster than MCNP. However, one needs to be prepared for the appearance of a minuscule (but nonzero) subgroup of electrons during these EGSnrc simulations. There are many geometries out of voxels with various beams and volumetric sources (volumetric sources simulating 'seeds' or radiative point sources) which will be considered in this paper.


ABSTRACT The impact of traditional activities (e.g., playing board games) were compared with community-service activities (e.g., making first aid kits for a homeless shelter) during a monthly intergenerational visiting program. The participating seniors (n = 19) gave high ratings to both types of activities. However, they felt that they had helped others more during the community-service activities, and they expressed greater interest in community-service activities for future intergenerational visits. Intergenerational programs should be supported by the public as well as by funding agencies, as these have great potential for benefiting not only the participants but also others in the community.


An intrusion detection system (IDS), whether as a device or software-based agent, plays a significant role in networks and systems security by continuously monitoring traffic behaviour to detect malicious activities. The literature includes IDSs that leverage models trained to detect known attack behaviours. However, such models suffer from low accuracy or high overfitting. This work aims to enhance the performance of the IDS by making a model based on the observed traffic via applying different single and ensemble classifiers and lowering the classifier's overfitting on a reduced set of features. We implement various feature reduction techniques, including Linear Regression, LASSO, Random Forest, Boruta, and autoencoders on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset to provide a training set for classifiers, including Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, neural networks, Random Forest, and XGBoost. Our experiments show that the Decision Tree classifier on autoencoders-based reduced sets of features yields the lowest overfitting among other combinations.


Objective To observe the effect of fast infection and isolation measures in Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy rescure procedure for gas gangrene patients injured by earthquake.Methods The Oxygen chamber was divided into clean area,semi-polluted area,the contaminated area.The working staff wear gown and headgear.During Hyperbaric oxygen therapy procedure,the contaminated surface and floor were decontaminated by 500 mg / L chlorine antiseptic,ultraviolet radiation and 3% peracetic acid fumigation.Repeated disinfection and sampling to culture after use to confirm no cross-contamination and free of bacterials.Results Patients recovered,no crossing infection occurred,and chamber samples culture showed no bacteria grow.Conclusions Crossing infection can be prevented effectively with strict infection and isolation measures.


(1904). The Measurement of the Respiratory Function.—A Study of the Measurements Which Indicate This Function, and of Their Comparative Value. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 244-255.


In order to select suitable lines and reduce approval process effectively, the article presents a method to evaluate access capacity based on total supply capability. Firstly, after making a brief introduction to total supply capability, we define access capacity and give two access capacity indexes, which are substation supply access capacity and network transfer access capacity. Secondly, based on constrained information of substation supply capability、network transfer capability、node voltage and node current, we present a model to evaluate access capacity and calculate it. At last, based on this method the article evaluate access capacity of a distribution network line with 44 nodes, the results show that this method can reflect the access capacity in distribution network line accurately. Keywords—Distribution System; Access Capacity Evaluation; Total Supply Capability.


The documented herpetofauna of Mammoth Cave National Park includes 14 kinds of frogs and toads, 16 salamanders, 8 lizards, 22 snakes, and 9 turtles for a total of 69 species. Inventory and monitoring surveys for amphibians and reptiles have been conducted by the author over the past 13 years (2003-2015). Multiple visits (up to 20 /year) have been made to the park each year. Major techniques used have included the placement and repeated checking of coverboards, the overturning and replacement of natural cover (rocks, logs, leaf litter), targeted searches for amphibians in and near ponds, vernal pools, springs, and streams, road cruising (mostly at night) for snakes, frogs, and salamanders, listening to frog choruses, and various canoe trips and other visual surveys. Most amphibian and reptile species known historically from the park appear to be doing well, and some are even increasing in number. However, at least six reptiles documented from the park during early surveys in the 1930s appear to have been extirpated, undoubtedly due to habitat loss as grasslands, pastures, and open woodlands have largely disappeared during 75 years of fire suppression and uncontrolled reforestation. Amphibians in general have fared better but the eastern tiger salamander seems gone from the park and eastern narrowmouth toads have become quite rare (both also seem to require open habitats). In addition, northern dusky salamanders, abundant at several sites at Mammoth Cave as recently as the mid-1960s, are now known from only two locations even though other semiaquatic salamanders with similar habitat requirements are doing quite well. Looming on the horizon are several newly-discovered amphibian diseases that I believe are responsible for causing major die-offs of frog and salamander eggs and larvae in ponds on the park. At the present time the only way to identify the causative agents is to catch die-offs while they are in progress so proper samples can be collected and tested.


The optimal culture conditions of Monascus purpureus MMK2 for production of red pigment were inves-tigated in submerged culture. Monascus purpureus MMK2 showed a maximal production of red pigment in the medium containing of 3.0% wheat flour, 0.15% NaNO₃, 0.25% Na₂HPO₄ㆍ12H₂O and 0.15% ㎎SO₄ㆍ7H₂O. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and initial pH were 30℃ and 6.5, respectively. The red pigment production reached to a maximal level at 7th day of cultivation.


Objectives Clinical outcomes are worse for patients with heart failure (HF) and elevated depression symptoms. Depression-related sympathoimmune dysregulation may be one mechanism leading to poorer HF prognosis. Sympathetically mediated adrenergic activity is known to regulate immune activity via &bgr;-adrenergic receptors (&bgr;-ARs). However, studies show conflicting relationships between leukocyte &bgr;-AR sensitivity and depression symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine in patients with HF the relationship of leukocyte &bgr;-AR sensitivity with two diverse measures of depression, self-report questionnaire versus clinical diagnostic interview. Methods Patients with HF (N = 73, mean [standard deviation] age = 56.3 [13.0]) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-1A and a modified Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. Leukocyte &bgr;-AR sensitivity was determined from isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels; plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were also assessed. Results Patients with major depression determined by Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV had significantly higher &bgr;-AR sensitivity than did nondepressed patients (F(6,72) = 9.27, p = .003, &eegr;2 = 0.12). The Beck Depression Inventory-1A revealed a more complex relationship. Minimal, mild, and moderate-to-severe depression symptom groups had significant differences in &bgr;-AR sensitivity (F(7,72) = 7.03, p = .002, &eegr;2 = 0.18); mild symptoms were associated with reduced &bgr;-AR sensitivity and moderate-to-severe symptoms with higher &bgr;-AR sensitivity compared with patients with minimal depressive symptoms. Conclusions Clinical depression was associated with elevated &bgr;-AR sensitivity in patients with HF. By deconstructing depression measurements, a greater depth of information may be garnered to potentially reveal subtypes of depression symptoms and their relation to &bgr;-AR sensitivity.


Wildfires play a major role in driving vegetation changes and can cause important environmental and economic losses in Mediterranean forests, especially where the dominant species lacks efficient postfire regeneration mechanisms. In these areas, postdisturbance vegetation management strategies need to be based on detailed, spatially continuous inventories of the burned area. Here, we present a methodology in which we combine airborne LiDAR and multispectral imagery to assess postfire regeneration types in a spatially continuous way, using a Mediterranean black pine (Pinus nigra Arn ssp. salzmannii) forest that burned in 1998 as a case study. Five postfire regeneration types were obtained by clustering field-plot data using Ward's method. Two of the five regeneration types presented high tree cover (one clearly dominated by hardwoods and the other dominated by pines), a third type presented low to moderate tree cover, being dominated by hardwoods, and the remaining two types matched to areas dominated by s...


A computer-aided detection (CAD) system for lung nodules in CT scans was developed. For the detection of lung nodules two different methods were applied and only pixels which were detected by both methods are marked as true positives. The first method uses a multi-threshold algorithm, which detect connected regions within the lung that have an intensity between specified threshold values. The second is a multi-scale detection method. The data are searched for points located in spherical objects. The image data were smoothed with a 3D Gaussian filter and computed the Hessian matrix and eigenvectors and eigenvalues for all pixels detected by the first algorithm. By analyzing the eigenvalues points that lie within a spherical structure can be located. For segmentation of the detected nodules an active contour model was used. A two-dimensional active contour with four energy terms describing form and position of the contour in the image data was implemented. In addition balloon energy to get the active contour was used growing out from one point. The result of our detection part is used as input for the segmentation part. To test the detection algorithms we used 19 CT volume data sets from a low-dose CT studies. Our CAD system detected 58% of the nodules with a falsepositive rate of 1.38. Additionally we take part at the ANODE09 study whose results will be presented at the SPIE meeting in 2009.


Drug traceability system is essentially important for public drug security and business of pharmaceutical companies, which aims to track or trace where the drug has been and where it has gone along the drug supply chain. Traditional centralized server-client technical solutions have been far from satisfying for their bad performances in data authenticity, privacy, system resilience and flexibility. In this paper, we propose a scenario-oriented blockchain system for drug traceability and regulation called Drugledger, which reconstructs the whole service architecture by separating service provider into three independent service components and ensures the authenticity and privacy of traceability data. Drugledger is more resilient than traditional solutions with its p2p architecture. Furthermore, Drugledger could efficiently prune its storage, achieving a finally stable and acceptable blockchain storage. Besides, algorithms reflecting the real drug supply chain logic (e.g, package, repackage, unpackage, etc.) are designed based on the expanded UTXO workflow in Drugledger. To our knowledge, it is the first systematic work from both a technical and practical perspective on how blockchain system could be designed for drug traceability and regulation.


We propose an eco-friendly protocol for C-X bond reduction using visible light, eliminating the need for transition metals and performed in air. The desired hydrogenation reaction proceeds through a radical...


This article, with an aim of training the high-quality public signs professional translators, puts forward three specific approaches in the process of the cultivation of public signs translation talents, which are to strengthen the construction of the teaching staff, to select and compile textbooks appropriately and scientifically, as well as to make full use of modern techniques to enrich teaching approaches and resources. And it is hoped that these approaches can provide some meaningful enlightenment for training the talents in translating public signs.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) known as chronic renal disease is the situation where kidney loose their ability to filter the blood as they should. Early prediction and appropriate treatment can slow or stop down the progression of this CKD. Machine learning algorithms are an important aid for health care professionals to make accurate diagnosis in the early stages of this illness. In order to predict CKD, this study suggests using machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). The final output uses minimum count of characteristics to predict if people have CKD or not.


In the Catalogue of Womenthe sexual union of the heroines with the gods and heroes is conveyed by various formulaic expressions which allude to a human wedding or to nuptial bed, or by some other expressions which refer to love in different ways. The aim of this article is to examine the use that the poet makes of those formulaic expressions, the alternation between them, and his preferences. Furthermore, this study aims to compare the expressions describing love and sexual union in the fragments referring to the offspring of several mortal women with the last passage of the Theogony –or even with all of the Theogony–, trying to find similarities or differences which might allow us to relate both poems.


A traditional paired-comparison procedure was employed for determining 20 listeners' rate preferences for prose recordings. The results suggest that a one-sentence prose passage may be used in place of a longer length passage with an equivalent outcome for rate-preference research.


Richard D. Wolff Capitalism Hits the Fan: The Global Economic Meltdown and What to Do About It, Interlink Publishing: Northampton, MA, 2009, 272 pp: 9781566567848 16.99 [pounds sterling] (pbk) Paul Mattick Business as Usual: The Economic Crisis and the Failure of Capitalism, Reaktion Books: London, 2011, 126 pp: 9781861898012 12.95 [pounds sterling] (pbk) David McNally Global Slump: The Economics and Politics of Crisis and Resistance, Merlin Press: London, 2011, 230 pp: 9780850366785 12.95 [pounds sterling] (pbk) David Harvey The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism, Profile Books: London, 2011, 312 pp: 9781846683091 8.99 [pounds sterling] (pbk) While the crisis that hit global capitalism in 2008 will be analysed and argued over for years to come, there is a ready audience for early efforts to explain why it occurred and offer prognoses for its resolution. These four titles, all published in North America and dealing mainly with the US experience, have four distinctive features in common. First, they all berate mainstream economics, with its celebration of free-market capitalism and its failure to anticipate the crisis. Second, they draw on a substantial reservoir of earlier analysis and debate, because the idea of crisis has always played a central role in the Marxist critique of capitalism. Third, they offer alternatives not only in explaining the crisis, but also in discussing progressive strategies for resolving it. And finally, they are all written for a non-academic audience--perhaps the sort of audience that the Left Book Club sought in Britain in the 1930s: intelligent, committed, but lacking the knowledge and patience to work through the results of specialist academic research. Richard Wolff's book is a collection of 63 short articles by the author, published between 2005 and 2009 on the website of the US journal Monthly Review. It is linked to a documentary film of the same name, made in 2009. Fifteen articles make up Part I on 'Roots of a system's crisis', with each addressing an economic or political issue that sheds light on what went wrong. Part II, 'Economics of the crisis', includes 33 articles in sections on mainstream economics, efficient market theory, wages and employment, government intervention and international issues. Part III then focuses on 'The politics of the crisis', with sections on mainstream reformism, socialist solutions and anti-capitalist politics, the last having a particular focus on France. The writing is consistently clear, informative and passionate, providing an excellent model for others looking to make use of the blogosphere to bridge the gap between theory and political action. As Wolff puts it in the introduction, 'It's a bit like reading a critic's diary of the crisis', and this gives the more assiduous reader a good idea of how different aspects of the crisis have evolved, and what mattered most at different times. Because the articles have not been edited or updated, and because each has its own distinctive focus, it is hard to build up a systematic picture of the author's analysis: but then the purpose of the book is not to carve out territory in Marxist political economy, rather to provide an accessible introduction for students and activists. Paul Mattick's brief account in Business as Usual is short on detail, but its tight focus on the basic economics of the crisis make it a good introduction for the non-expert looking for a more integrated story. Once again the writing is excellent, and although there are no tables or charts there is plenty of well-chosen information, wide-ranging as regards time and place, and both events and ideas are clearly summarised. His first chapter gives a summary account of the crisis and the mainstream analysis of it, starting from the impact that falling house prices had on the mortgage finance sector from 2006, and the way decades of financial liberalisation and internationalisation had created an ideal mechanism for spreading that impact into global credit markets. …


...........................................................................................................vii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................xii TABLE OF ABBRIEVATIONS .......................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................. 1 1.2 Problems of the Study ................................................................. 8 1.3 Objectives of the Study ............................................................... 9 1.4 Scope of the Study ....................................................................... 9 1.5 Significance of the Study ............................................................. 9 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Conversation ............................................................................ 11 2.2 Interview .................................................................................. 12 2.3 Investigation ............................................................................. 14 2.4 Conversation Analysis ............................................................. 15 2.5Conversational Structure Aspects ............................................. 17 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA xii 2.5.1 Opening ................................................................................. 17 2.5.2Closing ................................................................................... 18 2.5.3 TurnTaking ............................................................................ 20 2.5.4 Adjacency Pairs ..................................................................... 22 2.5.5 Repair .................................................................................... 24 2.6 Relevant Studies ....................................................................... 26 2.7Conceptual Framework ............................................................. 30 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1Research Design. ....................................................................... 32 3.2Source of Data ........................................................................... 33 3.3Data Collecting Method ............................................................ 33 3.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................... 34 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Analysis .................................................................................... 35 4.1.1 Opening ................................................................................ 35 4.1.2 Closing .................................................................................. 37 4.1.3 Turn-taking Allocation. ......................................................... 38 18.104.22.168 Current – Select – Next (R1) .............................................. 38 18.104.22.168 Next Speaker Self-Selects (R2) .......................................... 42 184.108.40.206 No Current Speaker Selects Next & No Next Speaker SelfSelect (R3).......................................... ......................... .........46 4.1.4 Adjacency Pairs ..................................................................... 47 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA xiii 188.8.131.52 Question-Answer ............................................................... 48 220.127.116.11 Information-Response ........................................................ 49 18.104.22.168 Statement-Confirmation. .................................................... 50 220.127.116.11 Assertion-Agreement ........................................................ .51 4.1.5Repair .................................................................................... .52 126.96.36.199Self-initiated self-repair ...................................................... 52 220.127.116.11Other-initiated self-repair .................................................... 54 22.214.171.124 Self-initiated other-repair ................................................... 55 126.96.36.199 Other-initiated other-repair ................................................ 56 4.2 Finding ..................................................................................... 84 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................. 86 5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................ 88 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 90


Redox-active dendrimer electrodes have been prepared based on click chemistry. The presented approach allows the introduction of numerous different functional groups using the same dendrimeric platform (see figure). Special sensing properties are provided to the electrode that could locally be read by using local electrochemical methods such as scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM).


The paper proposes a novel H-∞ load frequency control ( LFC ) design method for multi-area power systems based on an integral-based non-fragile distributed fixed-order dynamic output feedback ( DOF ) tracking-regulator control scheme. To this end, we consider a nonlinear interconnected model for multi-area power systems which also include uncertainties and time-varying communication delays. The design procedure is formulated using semi-definite programming and linear matrix inequality ( LMI ) method. The solution of the proposed LMIs returns necessary parameters for the tracking controllers such that the impact of model uncertainty and load disturbances are minimized. The proposed controllers are capable of receiving all or part of subsystems information, whereas the outputs of each controller are local. These controllers are designed such that the resilient stability of the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Simulation results quantify that the distributed ( and decentralized ) controlled system behaves well in presence of large parameter perturbations and random disturbances on the power system.


Abstract What are the patterns of legislator responsiveness to constituents in multi-level democracies, and what explains them? Previously, comparative research has been hampered by a lack of theory and a lack of data. The article first theorizes how constituency service may be explained by conventional arguments, such as electoral motivations and role orientations. It then considers how regionalization specifically might affect service responsiveness. Using data from the PARTIREP survey of legislators in eight multi-level democracies and six unitary democracies, the article demonstrates that national legislators devote less time to constituency service in multi-level than in unitary democracies; and that regional legislators devote more time than national legislators in multi-level democracies. While conventional arguments are important, the specific effects of regionalization are also significant in determining service responsiveness, establishing an agenda for future research of constituency service as a significant area in the study of multi-level democracy.


Abstract : Two principal objectives were proposed in this research: (1) determine the acoustical effects of the filler materials with different sound impedance in composites fabricated according to a proprietary technology, and (2) determine the feasibility of applying the proprietary technology to continuous fiber-reinforced advanced structural composites. The sequential experimental approach began by attempting to apply the acoustical technology with neat epoxies using off-the-shelf filler materials possessing a range of physical characteristics. The selected filler materials were successfully used in rubber-type materials to achieve acoustic attenuation properties of the past.


The second- and fourth-order mass moments of the even-neutron transition nuclei /sup 178/ - /sup 188/W, /sup 182/ /sup 194/Os, /sup 187/ - /sup 195/Ir, /sup 186/ - /sup 198/Pt, /sup 191/ - /sup 199/Au, and /sup 194/ - /sup 206/Hg have been calculated using a self-consistent version of the anisotropic oscillator model. A structural basis is found for possible asymmetric intrinisc nuclear shapes in the transition regio, particularly in some of the Os and Pt nuclei and the Ir and Au nuclei nearest to even neighbors with large deformations. The calculations predict large negative fourth-order moments for this region.


Johar (Cassia siamea Lamk) seeds have physical dormancy, because the entry of water and gases prevents by the hard seed coat in the process of germination. Therefore, to assist the germination process, pre treatment in the form of scarification is needed, among others using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. This study aims to analyze the effect of soaking seeds in H2SO4 with 96% concentration on johar seed germination. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 5 treatments i.e control, soaked  for 5, 10 , 15, and  20 minutes.   Each treatment have 3 replication with 50 seeds per replication. Parameter that was measure initial time of germination, last time of germination, 80% limit time for germination, percentage of germination and vigor index. The results of this research find that the H2SO4 solution (concentration of 96%)  had a significant effect on initial time of germination, last time of germination, 80% limit time for germination, percentage of germination and vigor index. The soaked for 15 minutes is the best treatment for scarification of johar seeds.


Abstract A multiple-image encryption (MIE) scheme with a single-pixel detector has been proposed according to the principle of ghost imaging. In this scheme, each of the spatially coherent laser beams is modified by a set of phase-mask keys and illuminates on a secret image. All of the transmitted lights are recorded together by a single-pixel (bucket) detector to obtain a ciphertext, but anyone of the secret images can be decrypted from the ciphertext independently without any mutually overlapped despite some noise in them. The MIE scheme will bring convenience for data storage and transmission, especially in the case that different secret images need to be distributed to different authorized users, because the ciphertext is a real-valued function and this scheme can effectively avoid the secret images being extracted mutually. The basic principle of the MIE scheme is described theoretically and verified by computer simulations. Finally, the feasibility, robustness and encryption capacity are also tested numerically.


Reinforcement Learning (RL) is one of the best machine learning approaches for decision making in interactive environments. RL focuses on inducing effective decision making policies with the goal of maximizing the agent's cumulative reward. In this study, we investigated the impact of both immediate and delayed reward functions on RL-induced policies and empirically evaluated the effectiveness of induced policies within an Intelligent Tutoring System called Deep Thought. Moreover, we divided students into Fast and Slow learners based on their incoming competence as measured by their average response time on the initial tutorial level. Our results show that there was a significant interaction effect between the induced policies and the students' incoming competence. More specifically, Fast learners are less sensitive to learning environments in that they can learn equally well regardless of the pedagogical strategies employed by the tutor, but Slow learners benefit significantly more from effective pedagogical strategies than from ineffective ones. In fact, with effective pedagogical strategies the slow learners learned as much as their faster peers, but with ineffective pedagogical strategies the former learned significantly less than the latter.


This government institution is one of the public services that focus on women's empowerment, child protection, and government affairs in the field of population control and family planning. However, when the COVID-19 pandemic occurred the service offered is not worked as well as the service motto that has been set by the organization. Based on Government Performance Accountability Report 2020, the organization's performance has decreased because several program's strategic objectives have not met the predetermined targets. The problems that have been identified from the preliminary interview can be categorized into issues related to employee job satisfaction. The researcher suspects that job satisfaction can be one of several issues that can affect employee performance. Positive psychological capital has a significant relationship with employee performance and job satisfaction. Also, the four facets of psychological capital (hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience) may be a better predictor of performance and satisfaction. The condition of employee psychological capital can have a positive or negative impact on job satisfaction, so in this research, the researcher will analyze the impact of psychological capital towards job satisfaction. The researcher using PCQ-24 by Luthans and Job Satisfaction Survey by Spector questionnaire to determine the condition of psychological capital and job satisfaction. After the data has been gathered, the author uses descriptive analysis to determine the condition of psychological capital and job satisfaction. Also, uses linear regression to determine the impact of psychological capital towards job satisfaction.


The 7th EFCC Symposium for Balkan Region under the title Biomarkers: From Standar dization to Performance organized by the Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia under the auspices of the Inter na tional Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) and European Federation of Clinical Che mistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFCC) will be held in Belgrade in June 2011. The Society as a member of the IFCC and EFCC greatly appre cia tes the role it has in the continuing development of our discipline according to the IFCC mission and the Strategic Plan. EFCC appointed Belgrade (Serbia) and the Society of Me dical Biochemists of Serbia as the organizer of edu cational symposia for clinical chemists in the Bal kan region and as a result of this decision six sym po sia have been organized up to now very su ccessfully (1).


This paper analyses the effects global impacts have on the territorial, social and economical configuration of the regional development among verticalities and horizontalities, giving emphasis to family farming.  The empirical goal of this study is founded in two different regions: the Rio Pardo Valley region which is located in the heart of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and it has its economy based on the production and processing of tobacco. A process in which family farming plays an important role; Tirol region, a historical region located in the western side of Central Europe, which includes, in Austria, the state of Tirol and, in Italy, the Italian autonomous province of Bolzano, in the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-Sudtirol). Verticalities and horizontalities are treated as two different and very important theoretical dimensions for the territorial analysis, and a determiner to understand the dynamics of the studied regions.


This paper has introduced the motions of T Fuzzy sublattice group and T Fuzzy normal sublattice group of a lattice group and studied their properties. Some characterizations of T Fuzzy normal sublattice group are hence given.


Two years after the Polish regulatory authority required the termination of the contested practice, the Commission found that the former Telekomunikacja Polska has abused its dominant position in the Polish wholesale broadband access market. Although the Commission's Decision addressed a number of interesting sectoral issues (e.g. relevance of the essential facilities doctrines, maintaining incentives to invest and innovate, relationship between the ex-ante regulation and ex-post review) the GC's judgement particularly reflects on technical aspects of the competition law raised by the applicant (e.g. interpretation of Article 7(1) of Regulation No 1/2003, calculation of fine taking into account the single continuous infringement, the gravity of the infringement and the investment made by TP). However, the most interesting sector-specific question of the case which is the parallel application of the ex-ante and ex-post regulation has not been addressed. The Orange Polska case suggests that the firepower of the European Competition Law is much greater than the national sector-specific regulation, which can be useful if the powers of regulatory authorities lack effectiveness.


The present investigation carried out seasonally from December 2009 to November 2010 is an attempt to study the impact of helminth parasitism on haematological profile of fishes of Shallabugh wetland, Kashmir. The fish fauna viz. Schizothorax spp. and Cyprinus spp. inhabiting the wetland carried cestode, trematode and acanthocephala infestations either singly or mixed. The result showed a mean significant decrease from 9.30±0.15- 8.7±0.10 g% in Cyprinus carpio communis,from 9.80±0.08-8.1±0.14 in C.c.specularis and 10.2±0.1-8.5±0.15 g% in Schizothorax niger and from 9.57±0.15-8.2±0.11g%in case of S.labiatus for haemoglobin. Further, a decrease from 2.07±0.041.44±0.05 (×10 6 mm 3 ) in Cyprinus carpio communis, from 2.0±0.5-1.55±0.11 in case of C. c. specularis and 2.2±0.06-1.54±0.04 (×10 6 mm 3 ) in Schizothorax niger and from 2.6±0.02-1.5±0.05 in case of S. labiatus for RBC count was observed. However, a significant increase in WBC count was observed with a mean increase from 1.54±0.27-3.90±0.16 (×10 4 /mm 3 ) in Cyprinus carpio communis, from 1.90±0.4-2.3±0.21 in C. c. specularis and 1.32±0.15-3.5±0.33 (×10 4 mm 3 ) in Schizothorax niger and from1.30±0.17-3.60±0.15 in S. labiatus. The


To determine the utility of the ultrasound‐guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) for quantifying hepatic steatosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).


Software defined radio (SDR) has emerged as a priority theme of research since it will substitute for conventional implementation on wireless communication system. In this paper, one digital up-converter (DUC) system module for WCDMA base station based on SDR is constructed, optimum filters used in the system are analyzed, designed and simulated, the simulation results indicate that the filters designed are with appropriate frequency properties and lower steps which can help reduce computation complexity and storage space, simplify the design of the filters, decrease the errors from the effective length of words, therefore make the develop on 3G base station more economical and effective


With the development of market economy,new social classes have appeared,who are the people devoting themselves to the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In the new era,we should make close inspection and analysis on the new social classes in terms of their thoughts,values,political desires,and social mentality;meanwhile,we should put forward countermeasures accordingly,which can help to enhance the ideological and political work with clearer aim and effects.


This paper forms one of a series of papers on standardization initiated by The Institution. The objects of standardization and its resulting benefits have been frequently stated and reviewed in recent years, but still form the subject of debate. They comprise improved manufacturing efficiency, shorter delivery times, more economic production, the reduction of design and drafting work with conservation of technical man-power, and the stocking, interchangeability and reduction of spares. The main factors as affecting both user and manufacturer are reviewed in order to ascertain their ideas of what should and can be done. The problem and possibilities are closely related to the organization of the transformer manufacturing industry. Schemes for the standardization of electrical machinery involve three main factors: supply-system requirements, fundamental dimensions and constructional features, and detailed design. The transformer problem does not differ in kind from that relating to other classes of electrical apparatus, and the present analysis of the transformer problem follows broadly similar lines. Standardization of supply-system requirements, including ratings and electrical performance, is a natural precursor to dimensional and design standardization. Although the subject of ratings and performance is already covered by the relevant B.S. specifications, certain matters, mentioned in the paper, require reconsideration and amplification when those specifications associated with transformer practice come up for revision. The problem of dimensional standardization is examined, and suggestions are made for the standardization of fundamental dimensions to effect interchangeability of different makes of transformers and fittings, without individual manufacturers having to forgo their own detailed designs and manufacturing techniques. Some examples are given illustrating dimensional standardization already accomplished. Detailed design standardization would only be feasible or necessary under a scheme of manufacture involving allocation of work or centralization of manufacture. It is suggested that efforts should be made towards achieving effective standardization of supply-system requirements to suit operating conditions, and that schemes should be considered and planned jointly by the interests concerned, to secure some measure of dimensional standardization of distribution transformers and medium-size power transformers and their principal accessories.


This paper aims to analyze some of the major new electronic payment methods developed and the technology behind their structures to better understand the associated risks of money laundering and financing terrorism and other crimes. Thus, initially a historical overview of the evolution of means of payment will be presented so that we can understand the factors that led to the emergence of these new financial products. Also essential concepts will be presented in order to understand the technology of the structure of these services, such as the definition of peer-to-peer transfers between users and the process of encryption of digital block block technology. The paper also contains an exposition of selected cases that demonstrate how authorities have identified the abuse of these platforms for criminal activity. We will also address combative measures to be considered by regulatory authorities to address the risks of money laundering on these platforms. Finally, we will analyze what news the new solution of resource transfers brought by Facebook Messenger in the United States presents and analyze the factors that differentiate it from its competitors.


Digital Dragon: High-Technology Enterprises in China, by Adam Segal. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003. xiii + 188 pp. US$35.00 (hardcover). The information technology (IT) industry has become one of the fastest growing sectors in China. In Digital Dragon, Adam Segal examines a significant growth engine of this industry-the non-governmental or minying firms. These are indigenous enterprises that operate outside of government control, but in many cases they are spin-offs from various government agencies, mainly academic institutions, and hence have a hybrid ownership structure. The book addresses the state's role in economic development by throwing a spotlight on its policies toward these generally small but robust private and quasi-private business concerns. Segal argues that the state plays a significant role in building a market-supporting framework for industry, and this is especially true for high-tech industries. However, the positive contribution of the state is conditional. Past institutional arrangements and enduring non-market-oriented economic beliefs produce varied outcomes. Segal illustrates this point by stressing the regional variations in the role of the state in a country as large as China. Instead of the central state, local governments are the key to China's patterns of development. Segal examines this by comparing and contrasting the development of IT industry in four of China's cities-Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an and Guangzhou. These four case studies provide a clear idea of how local governments shape the structure of the IT industry. Beijing is dominated by small hybrid minying enterprises that enjoy substantial government support and that focus well on software development. The Shanghai government tends to foster large state-owned enterprises as the major IT development driver, especially in IT hardware, and pays less attention to minying enterprises. In spite of its rich technology resources, the IT sector in Xi'an lags behind Beijing and Shanghai. The old city has been shackled by its decrepit state-owned sector. In the 1980s the city government's technology development strategy was to take care of this "interest group", but from the 1990s onwards, in order to catch up with other places, the Xi'an government started to support the development of minying enterprises. Guangzhou, which is highly geared to the market, boasts a lot of private enterprises rather than hybrid concerns, but it has not nurtured a strong IT sector due to a lack of local government support. The above case studies highlight three critical points that deserve our attention. First, the market alone is unable to buttress the high-tech sector, because many resources need to be provided by the government, such as R&D, education and funding. The lack of such inputs is the weak point of Guangzhou's IT industry. Second, the existing industrial pattern inevitably limits the selection of a development strategy. …


It is discussed to use the mixed techniques of H.M cyclone optrating with ultrafine medium particles and selective flocculation of fine medium for further desulphurization in high-sulfur coal. Efficieney of inorgaic sulfur removal is to be incresed with considerably lower limit of seperation. The technique is to be adopted for further desulphurization in industry.


The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is generally responsible for acute self
-
limiting infections.
However, when it comes to immunocompromised patients the HEV infecti
on may lead to
chronic and persistent diseases. Among immunosuppressed patients, the HIV positive
patients are highlighted
–
a considerably large population, on which
there are
few studies
relating to H
EV/HIV coinfection.
Hepatitis E can be caused by genot
ypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in
humans. The genotype 3 of HEV (HEV
-
G
T
3) must be emphasized by being both the only
reported circulating genotype in Brazil and the responsible for chronic disease in HIV positive
patients.
Therefore, due to lack of information and data
on these co
-
infected patients and the
profile of hepatitis E in Brazil, mainly due to difficulties in diagnosis of hepatitis E, the study
aimed at the optimization
of
RT
-
qPCR
detection technique and the determination of HEV/HIV
co
-
infection prevalence on
patients from the Gaffree & Guinle Hospital, in Rio de Janeiro, for
a better comprehension of this coinfection in this population in Rio de Janeiro city. For that,
280 known HIV positive serum samples were collected between 2012 and 2014, the nucleic
acid
was purified and
tested
by
RT
-
qPCR
technique which was optimized with a synthetic
dsDNA standard curve and, later a synthetic ssRNA standard curve, for detection of HEV
-
RNA ORF3, and internal positive control (IPC) for the co
-
infection confirmation. The 10
HEV/HIV positive samples
for
RT
-
qPCR
were
tested in triplicate and for
qualitative PCR for
ORFs 1 and 2
regions
detection and to antibodies anti
-
HEV IgM and IgG serological
detection, but none was positive for either qualitative PCR or serological tests
d
ue to low viral
titers in serum and lack of antibodies anti
-
HEV IgM and IgG
.
In patients which were positive
for HEV
-
RNA detection, it was observed a CD4 and CD8 rates lower than 1038 and 1254,
respectively
, but still considered normal foi HIV positive
peo
ple
. The real time PCR was
useful for HEV/HIV coinfection detection in patients with low viral rates.


Microparticles (MPs) are released from cells during processes such as apoptosis or during cell activation. These MPs contain phospholipids, proteins and even nucleic acids derived from their parent cells. They are found circulating in plasma but also in tissues such as atherosclerotic plaques. It is thought that MPs contain and transfer tissue factor and can thereby induce blood clotting.

In this study we analyzed clot promoting properties of MPs generated from vascular cells in vitro. MPs were generated from endothelial cells (EC), smooth muscles cells (SMC), monocytes (U937), erythrocytes (RBC) or platelets (Pl) by inducing apoptosis or by calcium ionophore activation; they were subsequently isolated by differential centrifugation. Thrombogenicity of the MPs was evaluated using a thrombin generation assay (Technothrombin® TGA) and MP free plasma as substrate. MPs displayed a different thrombin generating potential depending on the parent cells. MPs derived from RBCs (~400nM peak thrombin/105 MPs/ml plasma), ECs (~300nM), SMCs (~300nM) and Pls (~300nM) were more thrombogenic than MPs derived from U937 (~200 nM). In addition EC, SMC and U937 MPs all expressed tissue factor but EC MPs induced thrombin generation in a tissue factor and FVII independent manner. EC MPs even expressed active tissue factor pathway inhibitor and functionally inhibited tissue factor dependent thrombin generation. Since the higher thrombin generation induced by MPs derived from EC as compared U937 derived MPs could not be explained by a different activity of tissue factor, we were interested whether lipids contained in the microparticles could account for the differences in thrombin generation. We therefore analyzed thrombin generation induced by lipids isolated from MPs and parent cells and could show that lipids from EC MPs and SMC MPs exhibited higher thrombin generation than those from U937 MPs. Upon analysis of lipids by thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry we found that in general microparticles are enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyeline and phosphatidylserine over the parent cells and that EC and SMC MPs were enriched in negatively charged phospholipids (different species of phosphatidylserine and phosphatiylglycerol) as compared to MPs derived from U937 cells. When thrombogenicity was, however, evaluated in vivo by injecting MPs into mice it was found that the highest capability to induce thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes had MPs derived from SMCs; also U937 MPs induced an increase in TAT levels, while EC MPs – although more thrombogenic than U937 MPs in vitro – did not induce TAT complex formation by themselves but were only synergistic in vivo .

From these data we conclude that thrombin formation in vivo depends on the initiation of the tissue factor FVII pathway, while the extent of thrombin formation is dependent on negatively charged phospholipids contained to a higher extent in MPs derived e.g. from ECs.


The utility model provides a centering, height fixing and leveling base device for guaranteeing the height of a surveying and mapping instrument as a fixed value. The centering, height fixing and leveling base device comprises a base assembly and a pre-buried assembly, wherein the base assembly comprises an instrument installing base, a first connecting plate, a centering rod, a left leveling rod and a right leveling rod; the pre-buried assembly comprises a second connecting plate, a positive and negative thread sleeve and a connecting hook, the left leveling rod is connected with a left leveling thread base, the right leveling rod is connected with a right leveling thread base, and a locking nut at the lower end of the centering rod is connected with a centering thread base. The centering fixed height leveling base device provided by the utility model has the advantages that the distance from the center of the instrument installing base to the bottom of the centering position of the pre-buried assembly is a fixed value, whatever the measuring point of a ground is changed, the height of the instrument do not change, a measuring error brought by manpower measurement is saved, and the centering, height fixing and leveling base device is suitable for a measuring engineering with high requirements on the measuring accuracy such as construction of a high speed railway ballastless track.


Heteroepitaxially flexible oxide systems have been intensely developed and considered as the most promising materials for leading the creation of next‐generation flexible electronic devices. Among them, perovskite manganites have attracted significant attention with their abundant and novel properties such as colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and metal‐insulator transition. However, the requirement of high quality samples hampers this field, not to mention the advanced nanoengineering. In this study, fluorophlogopite mica (F‐mica) is selected as a flexible substrate to fabricate heteroepitaxial Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) with a nanocolumn structure. Through a precise control of thickness, different morphologies are realized to manipulate the magnetotransport properties (reduction of melting field). Moreover, thanks to the excellent flexibility of F‐mica, mechanical modulation of CMR (≈1000%) can be achieved in different flex modes while the magnetic properties remain unaffected. Detailed bending tests are performed to study the behavior of resistive change (≈30%). Through the combination of high flexibility, high quality PCMO, and well‐designed nanocolumn structure, the study exhibits the significant controllability of CMR via mechanical bending, and manifests the potential of such a heteroepitaxially flexible oxide system which can be applied on flexible magnetoresistive devices and sensors.