This study aims to analyze: (1) the effect of financial compensation on employee retention (2) the effect of career development on employee retention (3) the influence of the non-physical work environment which moderates the effect of financial compensation on employee retention (4) the influence of non-physical work environments that moderate the effect of career development on employee retention. This research is a causal research. The population in this study were all non-managerial employees of Bank Bengkulu Cabang Curup and Bank Bengkulu Cabang Pembenatu Pasar Tengah, with a total of 38 people. The sampling technique was taken using total sampling where the number of samples was the same as the population, namely 38 people. Collecting data using a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The analysis technique used is through the SPSS 20.0 software. The results of data processing in this study indicate that: (1) Financial compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee retention at Bank Bengkulu Cabang Curup dan Bank Bengkulu Cabang Pembantu Pasar Tengah, (2) Career development has a positive and  significant effect on employee retention at Bank Bengkulu Cabang Curup dan Bank Bengkulu Cabang Pembantu Pasar Tengah, (3) non-physical work environment does not significantly moderate the effect of financial compensation on employee retention at Bank Bengkulu Cabang Curup dan Bank Bengkulu Cabang Pembantu Pasar Tengah, (4) non-physical work environment does not significantly moderate the effect of career development on employee retention at Bank Bengkulu Cabang Curup dan Bank Bengkulu Cabang Pembantu Pasar Tengah.


Brefeldin A leads to an increase of sphingomyelin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The antibiotic is known to cause a dramatic morphological change of the en- domembrane system in various mammalian cells re- sulting in a redistribution of Golgi resident proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Donaldson, J.


Abstract Despite the large number of marine recreational anglers in the United States, there exist few opportunities for individuals to contribute self-reported effort and catch data directly to fisheries managers. Successfully implemented data collection programs based on self-reported information have been able to provide scientists with additional indices for comparisons with existing fisheries data sets and to increase angler participation and confidence in the fisheries management process. Limitations to self-reported data aside, the lack of a portable, electronic reporting device for the average angler has hindered development of new survey methods. We have developed a simple but fully customizable reporting method by which users can submit basic effort and catch information to an online database via text messages from mobile phones. To evaluate this new approach, we asked captains on behalf of six marine for-hire operations to send a text message to document effort, catch, and disposition of catch by species at the completion of each for-hire trip. Report submission was facilitated by RECTEXT, a compact syntax we developed to allow users to submit information within the technical limitations of a 160-character text message framework. During the course of the 4.5-month evaluation, participants submitted 128 trip-level reports that described 1,957 finfish interactions. Results and feedback from participants indicate that the approach is easy to use, is cost efficient, and allows for real-time reporting of information directly to an online database. In addition to the electronic angler diary application described here, we suggest that future evaluations of this approach be applied to tournament data collection, as the real-time nature of reporting and the organized structure of tournaments may provide a mechanism to both interact with all registered anglers and facilitate design of an unbiased sampling protocol for validating the self-reported data.


Filling a significant gap in our (Brazilian) scientific production about prisons and detention societies, at the interface of disciplinary knowledges, Fernando Salla's Prisons in Sao Paulo - 1822-1940 is, besides a socio-historical work on punishment within the state's context (nevertheless valid for the whole country, given Sao Paulo's then already outstanding position in the national scene), the report of a thorough research effort and a detailed presentation of data and analyses. It shows the permanent socio-legal-punitive wound (and its permanence) in our reality, expressed in the distance between discourse and practice, in the unequal treatment of social levels and categories, in the conflict between legal and medical knowledges as well as between them and management practices, and in the confrontation between the demands by the political field and the claims of the scientific one.


that an interdepartmental or cross-functional team composed of representatives from collection development, serial/acquisitions, cataloging, user services, and systems staff be formed to evaluate and determine cataloging and access issues. Chapter 7 outlines key issues relating to the successful implementation of e-journal collections and recommends a range of options to assure that users take full advantage of e-resources once they are made available. This reviewer would like to have seen more attention devoted to how best to modify and expand technical service workflows, assignments, and priorities to accommodate adequately the challenges ejournals present to processing units. Similarly, "Criteria for Renewal," outlined in Chapter 5 would have fit better in Chapter 2, "Selection," as those responsible for selecting library resources, regardless of their format or medium, should participate directly in determining their continuation or cancellation. These cavils aside, no publication on e-journal selection and management today can be without omissions or shortcomings. The very nature of e-journals and the rapidly evolving changes in scholarly communication make comprehensive coverage of the various related issues all but impossible. These realities notwithstanding, Curtis, Scheschy, and Tarango have authored an important work and have succeeded in treating skillfully a difficult and multifaceted topic. They should be commended for a valuable contribution to library management that will serve readers well for the foreseeable future.


of patients with metastatic biliary obstruction have colorectal cancer'.' and gain useful survival (average I year) from biliary drainage. Occasional prolonged survival of up to 5 years is recorded and can be differentiated from jaundice due 10 diffuse hepatic parenchymal involvement where survival is much shorter3. In our series, one patient with lymphoma was subsequently cured. Obstruction at common hepatic duct level or above was not relieved so successfully or simply, often requiring multiple attempts at endoscopic. percutaneous or combined stent placement, but two-thirds of patients were successfully stented endoscopically with prompt relief of distressing symptoms.


A variant of an earlier proposal by the author and SenGupta, to describe four-dimensional Maxwell electrodynamics in Einstein–Cartan spacetimes through a Kalb–Ramond field as an intermediary, is shown to lead to a new Maxwell–Kalb–Ramond coupling that violates spatial parity, even when the KR gauge field has its standard parity assignment. One consequence of this coupling seems to be a modulation, independent of wavelength but dependent on the KR field strength, of the intensity of synchrotron radiation observed from distant galactic sources.


Upon entering the rooms of the museum, visitors to the exhibition can literally feel the document preservation process: at 66.2° F (19° C), the air is cool. Furthermore, it is noticeably darker, as the papers displayed in the literature museums of the DLA are illuminated at 50 lux. These measures are necessary in order to not only decelerate aging processes due to light and temperature, but also to reduce the irreversible fading of sensitive writing and painting materials.


Abstract : Although military personnel are at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV, behavioral interventions to prevent STDs/HIV in U.S. military populations have been lacking. In this study, a behavioral intervention known as the STD/HIV Intervention Program (SHIP) was implemented in the Navy preventive medicine technician (PMT) school as a "train-the-trainer" course. Course evaluation questionnaires were administered to PMT students immediately after the training. Follow-up interviews evaluating the SHIP course were conducted with PMTs (N=73)1 year after the training. PMT students were fairly satisfied with SHIP overall, as well as with specific components of the course. As hypothesized, the SHIP train-the-trainer course was considered useful by most PMTs in their first duty assignments after completing PMT school.


A new approach to sensing the wind velocity using Doppler lidar is being developed which promises to improve our measurement capability. Demonstration of this wind lidar will utilize the recently developed equipment prepared under the Laser Atmospheric Measurements Program (LAMP) at Penn State University. Development of the laser atmospheric wind sensor to profile lower and middle atmosphere winds will extend the capabilities of the LAMP instrument. This paper discusses two unique concepts whch lead to advances in our ability to measure winds with Doppler lidar. One development is the quad-cavity Fabry-Perot etalon design, which will allow the etalon to simultaneously monitor the wind while under active tuning control. Several measurement campaigns will be camed out to demonstrate the wind sensor system including comparisons with met rockets, passive techniques, and radar. The second development is the use of the seed laser to stabilize the Fabry-Perot etalon continuously. Predicted system performance will be presented.


Shakespeare vividly portrayed many persons who had particular characteristics in his masterpiece The Tempest. The masterpiece has a very good ending which sets off the tragedy of Caliban, a savage and deformed slave. Form the owner of the island to a servant, Caliban was not unwilling. He used his own cleverness and took advantage of the others to rebel, hoping to get rid of the so - called master, Prospero, who enslaved Caliban. Finally, he failed. However, Caliban's particular personality was depicted vividly.


On the basis of corpus linguistics approach and contrastive interlanguage analysis,this study analyses concordances of the adverbial connector "however" and its Chinese equivalents taken from three different corpora and presents in detail the description of the characteristics of the use of the word by the Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The paper provides a model for study of the usage of words in a corpus-based approach.


satellites obtained profi les of sea surface height on transects across the Indian Ocean between two and nine hours after the December 26 Sumatra earthquake. The data are received hours to days af-ter "real time," too late to be used in detection and warning of tsunamis. We compared the sea level anomaly profi les of December 26 measured along the satellite tracks (Figure 1D-G) with the measurements on previous passes of the same satellites 10 days, 35 days, and 17 days earlier. This allowed us to remove the majority of permanent and slowly varying features of sea level, revealing transient signals. The altimeters also provide wind speed and wave height data, and these allowed us to interpret a sea-level anomaly at 16°S in the Jason-1 profi le (Figure 1D) as being due to a severe storm. The remaining sea-level anomaly signal appears to be associ-ated with the tsunami. The signal of the leading edge two hours after the earth-quake is particularly prominent, with an amplitude of 60 cm and two narrow peaks where the NOAA tsunami model forecast shows two overlapping peaks coalescing into one broad (250 km) crest. Increased sea-surface roughness at spatial scales from 150 to 15 km wave-lengths also appears inside the portion of the ocean excited by the tsunami.The fi rst model simulation results of the Indian Ocean tsunami (Figure 1A-C) were obtained from the "MOST" (Meth-od of Splitting Tsunamis) model (Titov and Synolakis, 1998) and were posted by V.V. Titov on the Internet Tsunami Bul-letin Board less than 12 hours after the earthquake. MOST is part of the tsunami forecasting and warning system under development for the Pacifi c Ocean (Titov et al., 2005) that will provide fast real-time estimates of tsunami amplitudes using preset models, real-time seismic data, and, most importantly, deep-ocean tsunami amplitude data from a network of deep-ocean pressure sensors. Other researchers also ran models and posted results. Results of MOST and other mod-el runs have been widely used worldwide by the media for early planning of relief efforts and for post-tsunami fi eld sur-veys. Unlike the Pacifi c, the Indian Ocean does not yet have a network of deep-ocean pressure sensors, and so coastal tide gauges provide the only direct mea-surement of Indian Ocean tsunami am-plitudes. The satellite altimeter data we present here are the only measurements of the amplitude of the December 26 tsunami in the deep, open ocean. At the time of the fi rst MOST model simulation, earthquake source mecha-nism models described a rupture con-fi ned to only the southernmost portion of the broad region mapped out by the aftershock pattern. However, it seemed clear that the tsunami should have been generated by displacements distributed along the entire aftershock zone. The initial conditions for the MOST model were set assuming this more spatially distributed source, with initial amplitude guesses based on preliminary estimates of the earthquake magnitude and one coastal tide-gauge measurement from Cocos Island. Because of the lack of


In the essential area of Network Management we have dealt with the subject of the scheduler reaction and adjustment in a dynamic resource environment. A number of scheduling models are proposed.
A new approach for adjustment of the weights of the Deficit Round Robin (DRR) is developed. We are dealing with the service of various large size packets and we use gradual or direct weight increases that result to the decrease of the borrowing of credits. A family of algorithms, with O(1) complexity, that use different and systematic weight request methods, is presented.
The problem of the design and adjustment of the weights is examined. Periodically instantly changes of the size of quanta optimize the performance of the RR scheduler. Our solution basically enhances the service ability of the DRR server, avoiding the "empty rounds" and additionally offers a framework for temporary economical adjustment of the weights at the routers using various types of RR schedulers.
Lightweight mechanisms are included in the differentiated services architecture in order to provide DiffServ in the Internet. A lightweight scheme of Premium service based on the delay ratio criterion is provided. A conservative control mechanism is periodically developed to ensure the stability of the delay ratio. We expand the model into three queues and the protocols of home domain.
In order to avoid the sorting operation, in the various packet-scheduling policies, a new algorithm, called the Left and Right Move Algorithm (LRMA) is proposed. The LRMA can be considered as an implementation tool especially useful for sorted-priority algorithms (like SFQ) diminishing their complexity to O(1), and as well as frame-based server for ATM networks.
A new prediction scheme is developed with the support of the Data Mining technique. Based on the mobility prediction, taking into account the time factor, the bandwidth is reserved for the paths with the maximum support, so that the service of the handoff calls can be guaranteed. The nodes using the Steps Forward with Distance Algorithm (SFDA) and the Direct Group Method (DGM) enable the BSs to avoid the congestion to the handoff users' benefit.


We study the supersingular locus of a reduction at an inert prime of the Shimura variety attached to GU(2, n−2). More concretely, we realize irreducible components of the supersingular locus as closed subschemes of flag schemes over Deligne–Lusztig varieties defined by explicit conditions. Moreover we study the intersections of the irreducible components. A stratification of Deligne–Lusztig varieties defined using a power of Frobenius action appears in the description of the intersections.


This paper describes about the method to decide hypotheses priority ranking by memory, COCOM. In order to increase the reasoning efficiency of Reasoning to Anticipate the Future(RAF)that controls AGVs(Automated Guided Vehicles)in a decentralized autonomous FMS(Flexible Manufacturing Systems). COCOM includes the memory that shows the past production conditions and the AGV actions. By using the memory, COCOM changes the hypotheses by giving the first priority ranking to the hypothesis that is likely to become a true hypothesis. COCOM was applied to the decentralized autonomous FMS which was constructed in a computer. As a result, the number of changing a true hypothesis was reduced, compared with the conventional reasoning.


The bispectrum of several measured ocean acoustic ambient noise processes was estimated and used to test for the linearity and Gaussianity of the processes. A linear process has a constant bispectrum, while a Gaussian process has a zero bispectrum. Both linearity and Gaussianity could be easily rejected for several common ambient noise processes, even though in some cases the processes tested to be univariate Gaussian. These results suggest that autoregressive models, since they are linear models, may not be the most appropriate models for ocean acoustic ambient noise. Some possible explanations for the causes of the observed nonlinear behavior will be suggested. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research, Code 411.]


Tan Xiaolin is an important figure representing China's artistic music composition in the 1940s.Combining the Western composing art of the Modern School with the outstanding tradition of China's music culture,he composed a lot of Chinese artistic songs with distinctive personality and ingenuity.But somehow,over a long period of time,Tan Xiaolin's works haven't been sung,let alone studied of its interpretation.Therefore,this paper tries to make a preliminary investigation into his artistic songs from such aspects as the timbre,the expression,the accompaniment.In this way,the authors hope to provide some valuable views for singers of Tan Xiaolin's artistic songs and contribute to the subject on how to interpret China's artistic songs in China's vocal music education.


ABSTRACT The Multiple Knapsack problem (MKP) is a hard combinatorial optimization problem with large application, which embraces many practical problems from different domains, like cargo loading, cutting stock, bin-packing, financial and other management, etc. It also arise as a subproblem in several more complex problems like vehicle routing problem and the algorithms to solve these problems will benefit from any improvement in the field of MKP. The aim of this paper is to compare different kind of heuristic models, statics and dynamics. The heuristics are used by an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to construct solutions to the MKP. KEYWORDS combinatorial optimization, multiple knapsack problem, heuristics 1. INTRODUCTION Combinatorial optimization is the process of finding the best, or optimal solution for problems with a discrete set of feasible solutions. Applications arise in numerous settings involving operations management and logistics. The economic impact of combinatorial optimization is profound, affecting diverse sectors. While much progress has been made in finding exact solutions to some Combinatorial Optimization Problems (COPs), many hard combinatorial problems are still not solved exactly in a reasonable time and require good heuristic methods. The aim of heuristic methods for COPs is to quickly produce good-quality solutions. Modern heuristics include simulated annealing [7], genetic algorithms [4], tabu search [5], ant colony optimization [2,3]. In many practical problems they have proved to be effective and efficient approaches, being flexible to accommodate variations in problem structure and in the objectives considered for the evaluation of solutions. For all these reasons, metaheuristics have probably been one of the most stimulating research topics in optimization for the last two decades. The ACO algorithm were inspired by the observation of real ant colonies. Ants are social insects, that is , insects that live in colonies and whose behavior is directed more to the survival of the colony as a whole than to that of a single individual component of the colony. An important and interesting aspect of ant colonies is how ants can find the shortest path between food sources and their nest. ACO is the recently developed, population-based approach which has been successfully applied to several NP-hard COPs. One of its main ideas is the indirect communication among the individuals of a colony of agents, called ``artificial'' ants, based on an analogy with trails of a chemical substance, called pheromone which real ants use for communication. ACO uses a colony of artificial ants that behaves as cooperative agents in a mathematical space where they are allowed to search and reinforce pathways (solutions) in order to find the optimal ones. Unlike the real-life case, these pathways might contain very complex information. When constructing an initial solution, at each step ants compute a set of feasible moves and select the best one according to some probabilistic rules. These rules are based on the heuristic information and pheromone trail level. The higher value of the pheromone and the heuristic information, the more profitable is to select this move and resume the search. In this paper ACO algorithm for MKP is investigated. The MKP is an important real-life problem. Problems from different industrial fields, can be interpreted like knapsack problem. When the ACO algorithm is applied MKP gives a possibility to use varied heuristic informations. We have concentrated on


The problem of this investigation was threefold: ascertaining differences in degrees of burnout as a function of registered nurses' educational tracks in Texas, ascertaining degrees of burnout for registered nurses as a function of job tenure, and examining certain demographic variables and their relationships with registered nurses' educational tracks. Nurses were classified by educational track (diploma, associate degree, baccalaureate degree) and employment (full time, part time, not active). The instrument employed comprised the Pines and Aronson Tedium-Burnout Diagnosis, for which reliability and validity were previously established, and a demographic questionnaire.


Among the textile machinery, winding machine is a kind of preparatory machinery and refers to the machine that wind the bobbin with yarn in a uniform density, length and size for the processes required to shuttleless loom, knitting machine, embroidery and sewing machine, etc. From grey yarn to weaving, yarn is wound many times in various ways, and the most important factor in the process of winding is the technology to maintain uniform yarn tension. Therefore, in this study, we researched the high-precision techniques of measuring yarn length for its exact measurement and the yarn winding tension capable of maintaining the uniform yarn tension during the winding process of winding machine. In addition, we configured and verified the high-precision yarn length measurement and the yarn winding tension control system through the experimental devices. As a result, we verified the stable control result value of 50% reduction in average tension for the case of Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) yarn winding tension control system, and also verified the result of about 80% reduction in the yarn length errors during winding 10,000m in the high-precision measurements of yarn length.


The escalating issue of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains poses a significant challenge to malaria treatment. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of innovative compounds designed to combat drug-resistant malaria. Through systematic examination of the chemical structures and their biological activity, we aim to identify potential drug candidates that can effectively address this global health concern. Our study contributes to the ongoing efforts in antimalarial drug development, offering insights into the design of novel compounds that may prove instrumental in countering drug resistance among Plasmodium falciparum strains and improving the efficacy of malaria treatment strategies. Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Antimalarial Compounds, Drug Resistance, Chemical Structure Analysis, Novel Compounds


This paper proposed a model to evaluate the priority of highways construction. The objective highways are the Tokai-Kanjo Ring Expressway and the Gifu-Nanbu Highway, two arterial highways located in Fifu Prefecture. The two highways have been specified as different functions by the national government in the law. However, they can play a similar role in the west area of Gifu City. To solve the problems, this paper proposed common indices to be evaluated by the different evaluators and the comprehensive conclusion was made on the basis of the model. That was built by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).


Sparsely Sampling Vital Sign Data Limits the Accuracy of Patient State Estimation Anusha Jegatheeswaran MD PhD, Danny Eytan MD PhD, Azadeh Assadi RN(EC) MN-NP(Pediatrics), Sebastian D. Goodfellow PhD, Andrew J. Goodwin BEng, Robert Greer BEng MSc, Mjaye L. Mazwi MBChB, Peter C. Laussen MBBS. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medicine, Technion University, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney. Background: Critically ill children exhibit dynamic changes in their clinical state necessitating ongoing evaluation and rapid decision making. Typically, physiologic signals are measured continuously in the critical care unit, but only recorded intermittently in the health record. This low resolution data capture may not accurately reflect the variability of signals or the patient's clinical state, thus limiting accuracy of any derived models. We aimed to characterize how increasing temporal window size (duration) of observation from seconds to hours changes variability. Methods: In this observational study, analysis was performed on prospectively acquired signals (04/01/13-09/30/15) from patients ≤ 18 years of age, admitted to the CCU at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto). We selected 7 large diagnostic/surgical groups (total n=747), in order to allow us to additionally explore the effect of diagnosis/surgery on variance. The physiologic signals evaluated were heart rate (HR) (as beats per minute, derived from electrocardiogram lead recordings) and systolic blood pressure (sBP) (using an arterial line), captured from admission for up to 72 hours. Physiologic data streaming through the Intellivue MP70 bedside monitor (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands, software version J.10.50) were captured via an HL7 feed at 5 second increments using the T3 risk monitoring system (Etiometry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA). Standard deviation (SD), a variability measure, was generated as a function of time, using an overlapping sliding window method (window sizes ranging from 10 seconds to 4 hours). A second related variability measure was derived from absolute differences (AD), to specifically explore the accuracy of intermittent sampling in estimating the patient's state in between samples. For each sliding window, the ADs between all values within the window and the first value in that specific window was calculated (distance). Results: In Figure 1A and 1B, we demonstrate at the patient level (using 5 example patients who underwent an arterial switch operation), that the probability of a larger SD and larger ADs for HR, increases with increased time window size when using 4 different window sizes (1 minute, 10 minutes, 1 hours, and 4 hours) for each patient. There were also significant differences in the magnitude of the variance for all time scales between patients within a diagnostic group and between different groups (p<0.0001). The window size (seconds) plotted against the mean of the SD (averaged for all patients within a group), and plotted against the median AD, for both HR and sBP is shown in Figure 1C and 1D, respectively. As the window size increases, there is an increase in the mean of the SD and the median AD. We examined the effect of age, by plotting age (years) against SD for both HR and sBP for a 1-hour window size, in all groups (Figure 1E and 1F, respectively). The correlation between patient age and SD of HR, and patient age and SD of sBP was 0.216 (95% CI 0.113-0.315) and 0.33 (95% CI -0.394--0.263) respectively. Conclusion: In complex varying physiologic signals, there is a strong interaction between window size and signal variance. Signal variability increases as the time window of sampling increases from seconds to minutes to hours, at both the individual patient level and group level. In addition, variance is dependent on both admission diagnosis and patient age. Thus, the window size used is crucial when estimating patient state. This supports the case for higher resolution data collection to capture and understand the evolving patient state, and must be taken into consideration when this data is included in machine learning models which guide patient assessment and intervention. Figure 1: 1A-Distributions of SDs of HR for 5 patients using 4 different time-window sizes. 1B-Same for ADs. 1CLeft panel demonstrates the grand mean of the SD of HR, averaged over all patients within each group for each time window size. Right panel demonstrates the same for AD. 1D-Left panel demonstrates the grand mean of the SD for sBP, averaged over all patients within each group for each time window size. Right panel demonstrates same for the average median AD. 1E-Average SD of HR for each patient as a function of the patient's age, by group. Calculated for a 1-hour window-size. 1F-Same for sBP.


The study assessed the resilience capacity of communities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The resilience capacity was accessed based on the absorptive, adaptive and transformative capacity of the communities using Resilience Capacity Assessment Questionnaire (RCAQ). RCAQ was administered to four hundred (400) respondents and data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that communities were found to be within low (138), moderate (429) and high (228) vulnerability levels. The absorptive strength of the communities revealed that they have access to their saving during shock event such as flood (51.8%, Mean = 3.48, SD= 1.17) while the identified challenge was the lack of insurance coverage for various socio-economics activities in the aftermath of hazard event (51.5%, Mean = 2.90, SD= 1.33). Communities showed strength in the adaptive capacity such as diversified means of livelihood within their community (57.7%, Mean = 3.15, SD= 1.09); however, they lack early warning and natural resources management training (47.9%, Mean = 1.95, SD= 1.07). The communities showed strength in transformative attribute such as market availability for household to sell and buy agricultural product (68.5%, Mean = 3.23 SD= 1.17) but lack access to formal safety net in the community (53.6%, Mean = 2.09 SD= 1.04). The outcome revealed that resilience capacity building was hindered by poor social amenities (25.6%) and communities should be in control of their resources (25.6%) to improve resilience capacity. Conclusively, communities' resilience capacity building process was lacking from the absorptive and transformative capacities perspective; hence, there is need for government-community engagement as a means to develop community resilience capacity.


The study is conducted to examine the climate change impact on rice Crop Water Requirement (CWR) and Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR) using the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projection (NEX-GDDP) coupled with the CROPWAT 8.0 model. The maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and rainfall projections for the baseline (years 1981–2015) and future (years 2030 and 2040) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 were derived from NEX-GDDP. To reduce the bias, linear scaling (LS) and the modified difference approach (MDA) were employed. Results show that LS performed better than the MDA along with improved statistical measures such as mean (μ), standard deviation (σ), and percent bias (Pbias), in the case of Tmax and Tmin (μ = 31.14 and 19.63 °C, σ = 5.75 and 6.78 °C, Pbias = 1.43 and 0.33%), followed by rainfall (μ = 2.67 mm, σ = 4.94 mm, and Pbias = 2.4%). The future climatic projections showed an increasing trend in both Tmax and Tmin, which are expected to increase by 1.7 °C by 2040. This would cause an increased range of 1.2 and 2% in 2030 and 2040, respectively. Due to a wide variation in effective rainfall (Peff), NIR could increase by 4 and 9% in 2030 and 2040, respectively. The above results may help formulate adaptation measures to alleviate the impacts of climate change on rice production.


Afghanistan grows maize in about 0.15 m ha with an annual production hovering around 300,000 tonnes. The country does not have any officially released commercial maize hybrid and relies only on open pollinated varieties for cultivating maize. The countries in region enjoy much higher productivity levels ranging from 3.5 to 5.00 tonnes per ha compared to 2.2 tonnes per ha of Afghanistan. Several maize hybrids were introduced from CIMMYT to test them for adaptation and yielding ability in Afghanistan for the purpose of releasing them in the country. The three public sector maize hybrids described in this communication were tested at several locations viz., Nangarhar province, Kabul, Baghlan and Helmand in Afghanistan during 2012 to 2014 crop seasons. The hybrids/inbreds bred by CIMMYT were tested against the currently grown open pollinated (OP) varieties and they yielded on an average 31 to 38% higher than the currently popular open pollinated maize varieties. The hybrids were released for commercial cultivation in 2014.


The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing a reddish hue distyrylbiphenyl fluorescent whitening agents, belonging to the technical field fluorescent brighteners. Comprising the steps of: a solvent after 110 ℃ ~ 120 ℃ dichlorobenzyl dissolving the triethyl phosphite was added dropwise. After completion of the reaction the reaction was kept at 140 ℃ ~ 160 ℃ 2-4 hours, to give 4,4 dimethylene diethyl biphenyl group; o-benzaldehyde with sodium 4,4'-methylenebis diethyl biphenyl mixed with a solvent, 45-50 ℃ dropwise sodium methoxide solution, the time for 3.5-5h, 40 ℃ incubated 6-8h after dropping, the solvent was removed, and 2% -5% sodium chloride, filtered and purified, yellow-green solid product was dried to give 4,4-bis (2-styryl sulfonate) biphenyl fluorescent whitening agent CBS-H, is finished. Product of the invention is a reddish hue hue, good whitening effect, the reaction yield, low pollution.


Interrelations of technological and electric parameters are researched, characterizing electroerosion process. Model of work process development is described. This model is the basis for adaptive control system for designing for EDM.


The article traces the circulation of the pedagogical notion of formale Bildung from Germany to Sweden during the first decades of the nineteenth century. At that time, educators and scholars agreed that the goal of secondary education was not to provide practical knowledge, but to train the mind and cultivate moral character. This notion, formulated in full by Friedrich Gedike in the late eighteenth century, proved resilient and shaped Swedish educational policies for much of the century. Yet Gedike was never identified as the source, not by his contemporaries nor by later historians. Moreover, the questions of how, when and why this knowledge appeared in Sweden and how it became part of a general consensus have never been explored. In this essay, it is argued that an important node of circulation between Germany and Sweden was influential educator Carl Ulric Broocman and that the concept of circulation offers a means of revealing previously obscured patterns of knowledge.


Gall Bladder Cancer of a (GBC) though in general is considered rare, is the most widespread malignant disease of biliary tract and makes 80-95%. Early diagnostics of GBC is very important as its clinical manifestations aren't specific and can be observed at inflammatory processes. Therefore the tumor is revealed more often late enough, already during its distribution out of gall bladder. Features of an etiology and a clinical picture of GBC, which cause difficulties of its diagnostics and differential diagnostics are covered in article. The review of opportunities and restrictions of an ultrasonic method of research at diagnostics of GBC with application of various ultrasonic modalities (B-mode, duplex scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction, endosonography, application of contrast ultrasonic agents, elastometry) is submitted. The reasons of false positive and false and negative cases of diagnostics of GBC are analysed. The most effective methods of an additional examination of the patients at difficulties of differential ultrasonic diagnostics are shown.


Gibberellic acid(GA3) and Indole acetic acid (IAA) is an endogenous plant growth regulator used world wide in agriculture ;however, little is known about its biochemical and physiological effects on mammals. This study investigated possible toxic and teratogenic effects of GA3 and IAA on the embryo of albino rats. Female Wistar rats were given daily 200 ppm / 0.2 ml saline from either GA3 or IAA orally from the 1st day of pregnancy until the 14 th , 16, or after delivery. Toxicity was demonstrated by a significant increase in malondialdehyde level and a decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the brain, spinal cord, eye, and liver of pups. A significant decline of glutathione content was also observed. The biochemical parameters were correlated histologically with an abnormal development of the external morphology and formation of the skeleton of either GA3 or IAA-treated pups.


Background and Purpose: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a serious disorder that affects psychological, communicative, social, and emotional processes. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of mindfulness therapy on tolerance of uncertainty, and thought-action fusion in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Method: this was a semi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test control group design with a follow-up of two months. The sample consisted of 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Isfahan during the academic year of 2017-18.They were selected by purposeful sampling this was a semi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test control group design with a follow-up of two months randomly this was a semi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test control group design with a follow-up of two months The experimental group received mindfulness intervention in 10 sessions of 75 minutesduring three months. Maudsley obsession questionnaire (Hajson and Rachman, 1980), tolerance of uncertainty (Mcleen, 1993), and thought-action fusion questionnaire (Shefran et.al, 1996) were used to collect data.Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA. Findings: The results showed that mindfulness therapy had a significant effect on the tolerance of uncertainty and thought-action fusion in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (F = 11.13, F = 79.98, P <0.001).Also, the effect of this treatment is maintained during the follow-up phase (P <0/001). The degree of statistical effect of mindfulness therapy on tolerance of uncertainty and thought-action fusion were 40% and 73% respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that by creating knowledge of thoughts and feelings, the mindfulness therapy can increase tolerance of uncertainty and reduce the thought-action fusion in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.


BACKGROUND It was shown in previous studies that high definition endoscopy, high magnification endoscopy and image enhancement technologies, such as chromoendoscopy and digital chromoendoscopy [narrow-band imaging (NBI), i-Scan] facilitate the detection and classification of colonic polyps during endoscopic sessions. However, there are no comprehensive studies so far that analyze which endoscopic imaging modalities facilitate the automated classification of colonic polyps. In this work, we investigate the impact of endoscopic imaging modalities on the results of computer-assisted diagnosis systems for colonic polyp staging. AIM To assess which endoscopic imaging modalities are best suited for the computer-assisted staging of colonic polyps. METHODS In our experiments, we apply twelve state-of-the-art feature extraction methods for the classification of colonic polyps to five endoscopic image databases of colonic lesions. For this purpose, we employ a specifically designed experimental setup to avoid biases in the outcomes caused by differing numbers of images per image database. The image databases were obtained using different imaging modalities. Two databases were obtained by high-definition endoscopy in combination with i-Scan technology (one with chromoendoscopy and one without chromoendoscopy). Three databases were obtained by high-magnification endoscopy (two databases using narrow band imaging and one using chromoendoscopy). The lesions are categorized into non-neoplastic and neoplastic according to the histological diagnosis. RESULTS Generally, it is feature-dependent which imaging modalities achieve high results and which do not. For the high-definition image databases, we achieved overall classification rates of up to 79.2% with chromoendoscopy and 88.9% without chromoendoscopy. In the case of the database obtained by high-magnification chromoendoscopy, the classification rates were up to 81.4%. For the combination of high-magnification endoscopy with NBI, results of up to 97.4% for one database and up to 84% for the other were achieved. Non-neoplastic lesions were classified more accurately in general than non-neoplastic lesions. It was shown that the image recording conditions highly affect the performance of automated diagnosis systems and partly contribute to a stronger effect on the staging results than the used imaging modality. CONCLUSION Chromoendoscopy has a negative impact on the results of the methods. NBI is better suited than chromoendoscopy. High-definition and high-magnification endoscopy are equally suited.


In the university environment there is strong competition for students and other resources among the colleges within the university and among other universities that results in a better understanding of the important role played by market orientation. The paper is designed to investigate the relationship between market orientation and brand equity in an academic environment. By using seminal literature in the field, the paper develops a theoretical model illustrating this relationship. The paper concludes by discussing theoretical and managerial implications, limitations and future research directions.


The Space Station Freedom Program (SSFP) Operations Management System (OMS) will automate major management functions which coordinate the operations of onboard systems, elements and payloads. The objectives of OMS are to improve safety, reliability and productivity while reducing maintenance and operations cost. This will be accomplished by using advanced automation techniques to automate much of the activity currently performed by the flight crew and ground personnel. OMS requirements have been organized into five task groups: i) Planning, Execution and Replanning, 2) Data Gathering, Preprocessing and Storage , 3) Testing and Training, 4) Resource Management, and 5) Caution & Warning and Fault Management for onboard subsystems. The scope of this prototyping effort falls within the Fault Management requirements group. The prototyping will be performed in two phases. Phase 1 is the development of an onboard communications network FDIR system. Phase 2 will incorporate global FDIR for onboard systems. Research into the applicability of expert systems, object-oriented programming, fuzzy sets, neural networks and other advanced techniques will be conducted. This paper discusses the goals and technical approach for this new SSFP research project.


4102Background: Cancer predisposition syndromes are identified in a subset of PAC. Identifying PGA has implications for therapy as well as for cancer predisposition in blood relatives. Germline tes...


A series of novel 1,3-dioxoindan-2-carboxamide-based complexes were synthesized, designed to employ both the attributes of half-sandwich complexes and the topoisomerase inhibiting properties of the ligand scaffold. The compounds were characterized with standard analytical methods. Their stability in aqueous systems and the impact of either the metal center or the ligand scaffold on the affinity toward small biomolecules such as amino acids, DNA model compounds, and small proteins were determined by IT-ESI mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity was investigated in three human cancer cell lines by means of a colorimetric MTT assay, and preliminary structure–activity relationships were derived. The benzyl derivatives showed the highest in vitro activity and promising topoisomerase IIα inhibition in the range of the IC50 values. In addition, the induced changes in the cell cycle distribution were determined and the apoptosis induction potential elucidated.


Abstract Applied silicon (Si) can improve resistance of plants to insect attack. We investigated the interactions between soil applied Si, sugarcane cultivar, and three documented feeding/penetration sites (internode, leaf bud, and root primordia), each at three heights (top, middle, and base) on the stalk and their effects on stem borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) performance and the stalk damage it inflicts. Four sugarcane cultivars, treated (Si+) and untreated (Si−) with calcium silicate, were artificially infested with E. saccharina and the larvae were examined 21 days later. Silicon treatment significantly increased stalk Si content in all sugarcane cultivars and, overall, significantly reduced borer growth rate and also reduced stalk damage, particularly at the internode. Borer survival and growth rate and stalk damage were lowest at the internode, particularly in Si+ resistant cultivars. Although the internode had the hardest rind, hardness at each site was not significantly increased by Si+.


Gridhrasi is one among eighty diseases of Vata. Here Gridhra refers to vulture and typical walking style is acquired in Gridhrasi. Here typical gait refers to slight tilt towards the affected part of body. The clinical features of Gridhrasi is low back pain which is radiating to the hip, the back of thighs and down to leg. It can be correlated to Sciatica. Sciatica is the painful condition in which pain starts in the lumbar area and radiates along the course of the sciatic nerve. For present study, we have reported 38 years old male patient having symptoms since 15 days. Before treatment, patient was unable to walk even 4 to 5 steps, Visual Analogue Scale score was 10, range of motion was restricted and painful, his SLR test was positive at 150 of right side and 30°of left side. The aim of study is to evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic treatment protocol in Gridhrasi. Shamana (pacification), Shodhana (purification) was the main treatment modalities planned in this patient. Ksheera Basti was main line of treatment planned. After 52 days of treatment he was able to walk up to 500 meters without any difficulty, Visual Analogue Scale score changed to 2, was able to move the leg with minimal pain and SLR test was changed to 60° on both sides. Patient got 80% relief from pain. This article highlights a case study treated with simple Ayurvedic formulations and Ksheera Basti which is helpful in reducing the symptoms and stopping the recurrence of the disease. The results with rationality have been depicted in this article.


This is the seventh in the Introductions in Feminist Theology series published by Sheffield, and Grey offers a succinct and lively text, managing to hold together the requirements of an 'introduction' with appetising depth and engagement in the field of feminist theology. She charts the 'movement' through many of its diverse directions, taking Mary Daly's Beyond God the Father as her starting point, and highlighting significant ways in which the image of God has been revisioned by feminists. To encounter God as 'She', as Mother, Grey tells us, has been an experience of the floodgates swept away floodgates of degrading role socialisation, gender stereotyping, injustice. 'For we see God's womb-like compassion for her children, revealed in jesus, and lived out as embodied love in the praxis and lifestyle of Christie communities throughout history' (p26). She touches upon Goddess religions, images of God in jewish Feminism, God as 'otherness' and throughout emphasises God as the passion for justice, drawing upon the perspectives of women writers from Latina and Mujerista contexts, from China, from Womanist traditions. She describes her method by the 'metaphor of bringing many voices into conversation, into dialogue and into shared praxis, without blurring differences of economic status, race, culture and sexual preference', thus seeking to honour the differences amongst women. Embodiment as the embracing of materialism, and an appreciation of tragedychaos, unpredictability, messiness and ambiguity as the refusal to fall back upon metaphysical guarantees are often found within the writings of feminist theologians as they look to the resources of the faith communities of prayer, solidarity and action for the presence of God. Grey speaks also of a growing enthusiasm for a renewal of a Spirit theology of the re-emergence of Sophia as figure of the divine for our times. This is a useful book for anyone who seek.-; to know more about feminist theology, and it is flavoured throughout by Mary Grey's characteristic commitment to social and political issues and to the requirement to do justice in the world. There is a comprehensive bibliography and indices.


[Objective]To develop a rapid and accurate real-time fluorescent PCR method for detection of Listeria monocytogenes.[Method]By using hlyA gene of L.monocytogenes as target sequence to design primers and adding four LNA-based TaqMan probe to the primers,a new real-time fluorescent PCR assay was developed and applied to detecting the positive plasmids and the simulated specimens.[Result]The hlyA gene was amplified from genomic DNA of Listeria monocytogenes and cloned into pUC119 to generate positive plasmid pUC-hlyA,which was used to develop the new method,the standard curve was Y=-3.273 X +37.640,R2=1.000.The sensitivity of this method was 1.2×10 CFU/ml;the detection limit of artificially contamination was 3.2×102 CFU/ml.[Conclusion]A real-time fluorescent PCR assay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes was developed,which supplied a technology platform for the rapid detection of L.monocytogenes.


Objective To study the influential factors of internet addiction behaviors among the adolescents,and to provide more evidence for preventing internet addiction.Methods A total of 1 156 middle school students were chosen using simple random sampling from grade 7 to grade 12 in Xiaoyi middle schools.The self-administered questionnaire and internet addiction test were used to investigate the internet addiction behaviors of the adolescents. Results The numbers of the adolescents with internet addiction disorder at different grades and genders were different.The on-line time was positively related to the prevalence of internet addiction disorder.The percentage of addiction was highest in the students who were on line in net bar,especially in the students playing on-line games.The environment of family and school had the greatest influence on internet addiction behaviors. Conclusion The gender,on-line time,the place of surfing the net,and on-line behaviors,the environment of family and school brings the greater influence on internet addiction behaviors among the adolescents.Effective intervention measures should be taken to improve the internet addiction disorder of the adolescents.


Neuropeptides such as oxytocin (OXT) are known facilitators of social behavior across species. Variants of the OXT receptor gene (OXTR) have been tested for association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across manifold ethnicities, yielding both positive and negative findings. A recent meta‐analysis, comprising 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), has corroborated the implication of OXTR in the etiology of ASD. Here, we genotyped and tested two additional variants (rs237889 and rs237897) for association with ASD in two German predominantly high‐functioning ASD samples. We found nominal over‐transmission (OR = 1.48, CI95 = 1.06‐2.08, P = 0.022) for the minor A allele of variant rs237889G>A in sample 1 (N = 135 complete parent‐offspring trios, 29 parent child duos), but not in sample 2 (362 trios, 69 duos). Still, in a meta‐analysis comprising four different studies including the two unreported German data sets (N = 542 families), this finding was confirmed (OR = 1.12; CI95 = 1.01–1.24, random effects P = 0.012). In addition, carriers of the minor risk allele rs237889‐A showed significantly increased severity scores, as assessed through the autism diagnostic interview – revised (ADI‐R), with highly significant increases in social interaction deficits. Our results corroborate the implication of common OXTR variants in the etiology of ASD. There is a need for functional studies to delineate the neurobiological implications of this and other association findings. (172/250). Autism Res 2016, 9: 1036–1045. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


To study the effects and mechanisms of Nano-Se on cognition performance after sleep deprivation(SD) in mice.A total of 120 male mice were randomly divided into 2 batches.The first batch of 24 mice was randomly divided into 3 groups:control(NC),Na2SeO3(SE) and Nano-Se(NS).These mice were administered respectively with SE and NS(1 μg/d,2 μg/d,4 μg/d) by intra-gastric injection for 30 days,then their Se content and GSH-Px activity in blood were measured; The second batch of 96 mice were randomly divided into 4 large groups:control(N-SeC) and low,middle,high Nano-Se groups(L,M,H).Nano-Se solutions(2 μg/ml,4 μg/ml,8 μg/ml)were administered(0.5 ml/d) to mice of L,M and H groups respectively by intra-gastric injection for 30 days,and the control group was administered with distilled water.Each large group was divided into 4 groups:SD control(SDC),SD18h,SD36h and SD54h.SD model was induced in mice by single platform technique.In the SD mice,the cognitive ability of the mice were tested by Y-maze.Further,brain GSH-Px,NO and MDA levels were measured.Blood GSH-Px activity was enhanced by Nano-Se compared to SE group,but the blood Se content was not different.SD decreased cognitive ability and GSH-Px activity,but increased NO and MDA levels.Compared to N-SeC,Nano-Se improved cognitive ability,increased GSH-Px activities,while decreased NO levels in M and H groups.MDA reduction was found in H group only.Our data suggest that Nano-Se could improve cognitive ability of mice,the mechanism of which might involve the increased GSH-Px activity and decreased free radical content.


This paper reviews the research status of the nodule on ITO target during sputtering.And the mechanization of the ITO target and In-Sn target and other target were analysed.And other factors which let targets formation nodule were analysed.Finally the ways to relieve problem of nodule on ITO targets were discussed.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in workers in Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University (PCMC). The risk factors associated with noise-induced hearing loss were evaluated.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the data of 82 patients (43 males and 39 females) between June 2018 and July 2018. Subjects were between 20 and 59 years of age. All of them worked in loud environments in PCMC, using extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA). The results of hearing loss in thegroup of EHFA and conventional audiometry were compared using the chi-squared test, McNemar's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used for evaluating the risk factors.Results: The prevalence of NIHL was 41.5%. The risk factors associated with NIHL were smoking [odds ratio (OR)=5.6, p-value=0.002 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.66-18.86)] and age over 40 years [OR=10.38, p-value<0.001 (95% CI=2.82-38.24)].Conclusion: Epidemic NIHL continues to increase in the workplace, particularly in individuals with an age of over 40 years who smoke. Early detection of this irreversible disorder of the inner ear should be attempted.


Wideband spectrum sensing (SS) allows cognitive radios (CRs) to reach, by monitoring large portions of spectrum, a better awareness of the surrounding radio environment. In this paper, we formulate wideband SS as a model order selection problem. This approach consists in the adoption of information theoretic criteria (ITC) to identify the occupied frequency components in a frequency domain representation of the observed signal. We provide a general formulation of the problem and then focus on the case in which discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is used as spectral representation. Finally, we propose consistent ITC for which we provide analytical expressions for the maximum probability of detection.


Restrictions during the COVID‐19 crisis will have impacted on opportunities to be active. We aimed to (a) quantify the impact of COVID‐19 restrictions on accelerometer‐assessed physical activity and sleep in people with type 2 diabetes and (b) identify predictors of physical activity during COVID‐19 restrictions.


Objective To investigate the value of the treatment for intracranial tumor with endoscope assisted microneu-rosurgey.Methods 15 patients with intracranial tumors including acoustic neuromas,epidermoid cists,angioreticulomas and ependymomas were treated by endoscope-assisted microneurosurgey in recent 3 years. Rusults 7 cases with acoustic neuromas underwent total resection, and the enlarged internal auditory canal was not be destroyed after operation. The facial nerves within internal auditory canal were preserved (7/7) ,and which located in the intracranial part acquired preservation (5/7) in 5 cases. 2 cases with epidermoid cists underwent total resection (2/3) and 1 subtotal resection (1/3). 3 cases with angioreticulomas including 6 nodes underwent total resection.1 case with ependymoma acquired total resection(1/2), another acquired subtotal resection(1/2) .With the follow-up from 6 to 24 months on 13 patients,the results was well. Conclusion Using the endoscope, it is possible to resect the tumor that can not be observed under the microscope.


I provide corrections to some of the previous empirical findings published in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 37, No. 5 (October 2005) by Rapach and Wohar on multiple structural breaks in mean real interest rates and inflation rates from 13 industrialized countries. I employ the same Bai and Perron ( 1 998, 2003, 2006) method as Rapach and Wohar do. I utilize, however, a newly available "correct" procedure, which corrects numerical problems that contaminated its earlier versions. The problems were first identified by Zeileis and Kleiber (2005a, 2005b) and can sometimes produce erroneous results. Even after our corrections are made, the estimation results do not change much for most countries. There are, however, some notable differences. For instance, for the real interest rate from Australia, Table 1 compares the results. In each cell, the estimated mean of the real interest rate in each regime is reported, along with the estimated break date. The number in parentheses is a standard error and the numbers in square brackets are the 95% confidence interval of the break date. The sample period is 1960:4-1998:3, with 152 quarterly observations. In Rapach and Wohar (2005), the upper limit of the confidence interval associated with the first break was erroneously reported as 1975:1. More detailed empirical results and replication files can be found at the data archive of the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,


This article presents a critical analysis of Michael Burawoy's model of public sociology, discussing several of its epistemic and methodological limitations. First, the author focuses on the ambiguity of Burawoy's proposal, problematizing the absence of a clear delimitation of the concept of 'public sociology'. Second, the author links the academic success of the category of public sociology to the global division of sociological labour, emphasizing the 'geopolitics of knowledge' involved in Burawoy's work and calling for the decolonization of social science. Then, the author expounds his concerns regarding the hierarchy of the different types of sociology proposed by Burawoy, who privileges professional sociology over other types of sociological praxis. Reflecting upon these elements will provide a good opportunity to observe how our discipline works, advancing also suggestions for its transformation. Along these lines, in the last section of the article the author elaborates on the need to go beyond a d...


Europe had been invaded and Britain stood alone to face Hitler's armies. As it was imperative that the gold reserves in Europe's central banks be protected from German greed, the gold had to be sent to North America in warships. With access to US ports limited by the Convention on maritime neutrality, the Allies chose the port of Halifax, Nova Scotia, as a transit hub for the European treasure. The gold was unloaded in the utmost secrecy and transported by rail to the Bank of Canada in Ottawa and the Federal Reserve in New York.


Besides signage, other physical cues exist which appear to influence pedestrian bidirectional choice. This research hypothesizes that deflection of cues within an interior exhibit setting can directly influence visitor navigation. The implications are that some exhibits are viewed while others are ignored and more importantly the visitors' overall experience and education are affected. A study, conducted on adult participants, was used to determine the affect of physical cues on directional choice. Observation of bi-directional route preference with cues of varying angle degrees was conducted. Additionally, a survey was performed to determine visitor perception of wall panels and their effect on navigational choice. The analysis from the methodology was used to reveal the influence of these angled walls on pedestrian route. Results from this study illustrate how visitors respond to spatial cues and how exhibit spaces can be designed to influence pedestrian behavior.


The selection of Client is the key point of the operation in port, select an excellent client will make the use of resource more reasonable, and increase the benefit of port. A system of evaluation and selection indexes for coal client selection is put forward based on the fact of Qinhuangdao Port Group, and establish a model of the selection of coal client, then use rough sets extract the decision-making rules through attribute reduction. The results show that the model and the method are effective and practical, and can provide the basis for the evaluation of clients and the selection of candidates.


We report on amplitude and phase measurements of ultrashort laser pulses after propagation through a 3.8 {mu}m thick GaAs platelet at 2 K. The incident center frequency of the 40 fs, 1.525 eV pulses was tuned slightly above the fundamental gap energy. Apart from intensity beats due to polariton propagation we find characteristic phase shifts in the transmitted optical field and investigate their dependence on excitation density. For low excitation [{lt}10{sup 13} electron-hole (e-h) pairs/cm{sup 3}] a phase jump of +{pi} occurs at each individual beat node. With increasing excitation (up to 10{sup 15} e-h pairs/cm{sup 3}) these jumps flip successively from +{pi} to {minus}{pi}. A simple Lorentzian oscillator model for the dielectric function fails to describe this effect, which is shown to be caused by density-dependent asymmetries and shifts of the exciton lines. A thorough theoretical analysis of the edge spectrum based on semiconductor Bloch equations (SBE) shows that the asymmetries are due to many-body effects. The standard SBE treatment is extended by including dephasing and renormalization of the interband energies in both wave number and frequency. The frequency dependence of these many-body effects is due to non-Markovian memory effects in the scattering term of the SBE. We findmore » very good agreement with experiment in line shape and phase shift behavior for a wide range of pair densities.« less


The Chinese writing form is not a phonetic system and the Chinese characters do not represent the phonology, which, in part, hampers the mass education in China. For a long time to transliterate Chinese sound, native Chinese as well as the westerners have produced quite a number of phonetic systems, which can be divided into two schools: one is composed of Latin Alphabet, most commonly accepted writing letters in the west, and the other is of Chinese writing strokes, more traditional in China. However in terms of initials, finals and tones, each system has its special set of marks. Until now, Hanyu Pinyin has been accepted as the only standard of Chinese Romanization scheme, and has also been acknowledged as the international standard. The creation and adaptation of Hanyu Pinyin is also viewed as the process of acculturation, that is, to adapt the western form of writing letters to the traditional Chinese language.


Structural Bioinformatics Applied to the Evolution of Glutathione Transferases Glutathione Transferases comprehend a superfamily of proteins that plays the phase II of the detoxification system of the cells. Their major catalysis is the conjugation of glutathione with hydrophobic and eletrophilic molecules, for example herbicides. However, other functions were described like oxidative stress, insecticides, microbial antibiotics, transport of secondary products, cells signalization during response to stress and resistance of chemotherapy drugs against cancer. This work aimed to establish a relation between sequence, structure, function and affinity of GSTs. The structure, in general, determines the function, but alone, can not determine the enzyme specificity. This last information is essential to the development of new agrochemicals or for the rational design of proteins. The relation between sequence, structure, function and affinity shows that the paradigm of structure-function should be enlarged in order to include the information of amino acid sequences and the enzyme affinities. Despite the wide variety of substrates and sequences found in the GSTs, there is at least one case of functional convergence between two distinct classes in this superfamily. One is found in the Animalia kingdom (class Pi) and the other is exclusively found in Plantae (class Phi). The structural bioinformatic tools, such as molecular docking and energy minimization were used to analyze the interactions between the enzyme and the substrate. These help to understand how two enzymes with approximately 22% of sequence identity can show the same affinities. Finally, GST mutants of Saccharum officinarum were proposed, using the enzyme structural information in order to modify the enzyme affinities. Key-words: Phylogenetic Reconstruction, Structural Alignment; Protein Superfamily; ProteinLigand Interaction.


[Objective] To analyze the influencing factors of quality of life among methadone maintenance treatment clin-ic patients,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating related prevention and control methods.[Methods] A total of 103 methadone maintenance treatment clinic patients were selected and investigated with QOL-DA,and the influencing factors of quality of life were analyzed by canonical correlation.[Results] The canonical correlation analysis showed that HIV infection,needles shared,age,abuse duration and dose changes were the influencing factors of quality of life,and their index were exceed 0.4 standard.[Conclusion] The main influencing factors for the quality of life of MMT patients include HIV infection,needles shared,age,abuse duration and dose changes.The MMT patients with HIV infection,needles shared,old,long abuse duration time and huge dose changes have a low quality of life.


Abstract : The characteristics of instrumented dummies carried aloft to predetermined altitudes were studied during the free fall in unstabilized situations. These were observed to assume an attitude permitting spins about a transverse axis, and the angular velocities recorded on accelerometers exceeded rates compatible with human tolerance. This study justifies further tests to develop a method of stabilizing a man descending from high altitudes.


Based on the goal of teaching reform for training innovative talents in higher physics,the paper makes an analysis of the current situation and existing problems in training talents in higher physical education,discusses the connotation and extension of establishing the mode of teaching reform for training innovative talents in higher physics,sets up the six-dimension target and designs eight-factor strategies of that.


During the long-term practice of Chinese revolution and construction,all the CPC leaders,represented by Mao Zedong,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin and Hu Jingtao have paid much attention and also made significant contributions to the issue of carrying forward Chinese national ethos.All of these are of realistic and guiding significance to further carry forward Chinese national ethos under current new circumstances.


Recognizing human activities in still images in the absence of any prior knowledge is a challenging and painstaking task in computer vision architecture. Certainly, the absolute intricacy of single image human activities recognition (HAR) makes it more attractive. In-depth research on static image involving features extraction, classification and number of activities categorization that brings fundamental insight of HAR system is still lacking. This work made dedicated efforts to examine important stages of HAR system in still image including features extraction, classification and number of activities. Innovative techniques such as human body skeletonization and joints estimation are demonstrated to be prospective for features extraction via the extortion of angles from joints and recognition of exposed human body parts. This proposed unique method is found to increase the reliability of HAR system by using templates to complete the human body. Three types of features including the angles with joints properties, HOG and body partitions are inserted to make the system more efficient.


One of the aims of literary research is to explain different interpretations and preferences of literary language. Narrative perspective is one of the many interlinked features associated with literary style. An automated way to measure a text's perspective is thus essential for the computational analysis of a large corpus of literary fiction. However, no such measure of narrative perspective exists to date. In this paper we explain a first step in developing such a measure. We take two approaches to operationalise narrative perspective as a textual predisposition towards either first or third person perspective. The first measure is based on a baseline machine learning approach, the second is based on computing the ratio of combinations of pronouns. The latter approach results in an heuristics based measure which we call the I-index. Our research demonstrates that narrative perspective can be predicted with high accuracy. We reflect on our results to broach the advantages and pitfalls of both methods.


Purpose The COVID-19 crisis presents significant leadership and governance challenges and opportunities for organisations This is a reflective commentary on how leaders and boards are responding to the crisis Design/methodology/approach Drawing on personal experiences as an employee, non-executive director and observing leaders Findings That leaders emphasise values and purpose and communicate with clarity, meaning and empathy is paramount It is organisations which continue to be agile and to adapt and change proactively with "out of the box" thinking who will thrive in the next normal Originality/value The lessons learned from this unique crisis for business continuity and success in the next normal


Transition metal disilicides are of great interest due to their potential applications in microelectronic devices. Especially, tungsten disilicide is used for interconnection applications because of the high conductivity and of the thermal stability of its tetragonal phase. It will be shown that Raman spectroscopy can provide important informations on the formation of WSi2 by solid phase reaction between a deposited thin W film and the underlying Si or Si-Ge substrate.


Objective: : To study the activity of telomerase in patien ts with glioma and its relationship with glioma. Methods: Forty fr eshly resected glioma specimens and 4 normal brain tissue were studied. Telomera se activity was detected by semi-quantitative telomeric repeat amplification pr otocol (TRAP) through silver-staining. The proliferative activity of gliomas wa s also investigated by Ki-67 immuno-labelling. Results: Telomerase activity was detected in 33 of 40(82.5%) glioma specimens and was not detected in normal brain tissue, telomerase expression was positively associated with gra de of tumor and Ki-67 immuno-labelling( r =0.745, P 0.05). Conclus ion: Telomerase activity can be a special marker of gliomas and an index f or malignant potential.


Background Treatments with long duration of therapeutic effects are ideal for the long-term treatment of psoriasis. This study evaluates psoralen plus ultraviolet light A (PUVA) therapy using standardized definitions of relapse and durability of therapeutic effect. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relapse rate and duration of therapeutic effect for PUVA patients who achieved at least 75% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) score after 12 weeks of treatment. Methods This study involved 40 patients with psoriasis; 30 received PUVA and 10 received UVA with placebo for 12 weeks during the double-blind treatment phase. During the post-treatment follow-up, patients who achieved PASI 75 after 12 weeks of PUVA were followed for 48 weeks without treatment to evaluate for relapse (time when subjects return to ≤50% reduction in baseline PASI) and durability of therapeutic effect (time from stopping treatment until 50% of improvement in PASI from the treatment is lost). Results Using per-protocol analysis, 18 out of the 21 patients (86%) who completed the double-blind treatment phase achieved PASI 75 after 12 weeks of PUVA. None of the placebo-treated patients achieved PASI 75. Of the patients who reached PASI 75 after 12 weeks, 89% (16/18) did not relapse after 12 weeks, 69% (11/16) did not relapse after 24 weeks, and 36% (5/14) did not relapse after 48 weeks follow-up. Of the patients who relapsed during the 48-week follow-up, the median time to relapse was 32 weeks. The durability of therapeutic effect was at least 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks respectively in 100% (18/18), 75% (12/16) and 42% (6/14) of the patients. Limitations The study was relatively small with only 14 patients completing the total follow-up period and per-protocol analysis was used. In addition, the patients were generally younger and less severe than those evaluated in biologic studies. There was no direct head-to-head comparison with other treatment modalities to evaluate relative relapse rates. Conclusions The study results support previous reports in the literature and the general clinical impression that PUVA provides prolonged duration of response in patients with plaque-type psoriasis.


Making use of videotaped recordings of interaction in cars filmed as middle class families pursue their daily activities, we examine some of the ways in which talk while driving includes as parts of its intrinsic organization ongoing attention to phenomena beyond the stream of speech. Important consideration is given to issues posed by the task of driving while talking about a seeable field in either the unfolding landscape or a textual artifact within the car itself. Of particular interest to our analysis is how such phenomena are attended to, collaboratively recognized, and incorporated into the ongoing organization of talk. This process involves making use of a range of resources including deictics, perceptual directives, address terms, pointings (C. Goodwin 2003), etc., to locate for others these phenomena, as well as forms of stance display that inform how the speaker aligns towards the event. Through their gaze direction, questions, and displays of understandings recipients can display their response to a noticing or reporting.


The lightweight,green environmental protection,comfortability and safety will become the future development direction of the materials for automobiles in China.The resin matrix composites will become one of the materials to realize the lightweight and plasticization of automobile.The characteristics and application example analysis of the glass fiber mat reinforced thermoplastic composites(GMT),long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites(LFT),natural mat reinforced thermoplastic composites(NMT),carbon fiber reinforced composites(CFRP),and so on are introduced.The application of the resin matrix composites is the development trend for lightweight design and material selection of automobile.


In this module we used advanced technology for patient monitoring those who are suffered from heart diseases & physical disorder. Therefore heart rate sensor and temperature sensor are used for patient monitoring. Sensors gives accurate output therefore it rules out the use of traditional medical instruments such as thermometer and other devices. For continuously sending message from patient's location to medical advisory GSM modem used. This module provides relief to medical advisory for patient monitoring and also to patients for freedom of movement.


This paper discussed the longitudinal studies of random effect model on academic performance of student using Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State Nigeria as a case study. Secondary data were adopted for the research work, and a SAS software package was used for the analysis. There appears to be some curvature in the average trend and individual profile plots, and hence a quadratic time effect was fitted to the data. From the individual profiles are the total observations collected for the analysis. From the profiles of the type of SSA, Entry Age, Entry Aggregate and Gender, it could be assumed that each profiles evolution follows a quadratic trend. Also, it could be concluded that most students who started with low GPA at semester one, improved in their performance to semester three and there was a downward trend before semester seven. Further, the mean profile for SSA was explored. From the chosen model among all models fitted to the data set, we conclude based on the results obtained that student's GPA depends on the SSA, Entry Age, Entry Aggregate and Gender). Student with high and medium admission aggregates scores high GPA and student with low admission aggregates scores low GPA at semester one, but on the average students with Low and Medium Entry Aggregate score higher GPA than students with High Entry Aggregate. The performance of GSS students is better as compare to that PSS at semester one and on the average. Meanwhile, in all the models it appeared, student GPA's increase from semester one to semester three and decreases after semester three. Generally students tend to perform better at the third semester. The analysis also revealed that the academic performance is dependent on the SSA, Entry Age, Entry Aggregate and Gender.


BACKGROUND
Previously, by using proteomic analysis and RNA-seq in isolated glomeruli, we identified several novel differentially expressed proteins in human and mouse diabetic nephropathy (DN) vs control, including DAAM2. DAAM2, the disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 protein, binds the Wnt effector Disheveled. We now aimed to study possible contributions of DAAM2 to DN.

METHODS
We assessed DAAM2 by immunostaining in non-cancer regions of human nephrectomy (Nx), DN and normal donor kidney tissues. We also examined DAAM2 in DN mice (db/db/eNOS-/-) and Nx mice. DN mice treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4I) or vehicle were compared. DAAM2 was knocked down in primary cultured podocytes by siRNA to study its effects on cell function.

RESULTS
In normal human glomeruli, DAAM2 was expressed only on podocytes. DAAM2 expression was increased in both Nx and DN vs normal donors. Podocyte DAAM2 expression was increased in DN and Nx mouse models. Glomerular DAAM2 expression correlated with glomerular size and was decreased significantly by ACEI, while DPP4I only numerically reduced DAAM2. In primary cultured podocytes, knock down of DAAM2 enhanced adhesion, slowed migration, activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and downregulated mTORC1 and Rho activity.

CONCLUSIONS
Podocyte DAAM2 is upregulated in both nephrectomy and DN, which could be contributed to by glomerular hypertrophy. We hypothesize that DAAM2 regulates podocyte function through the mTORC1, Wnt/β-catenin and Rho signaling pathways.


FOLLOWING a suggestion made by Dr. John Elam, in this journal, I have made an investigation into the possibilities of trichlorethylene as an analgesic in labour. It was hoped to find an agent which would be safe in the hands of midwives and which would, at the same time, provide relief during the actual delivery. While no attempt is intended to decry or replace Minnitt's and other gas and air machines, it must be admitted that completely painless delivery by this means is exceptional. The requirements kept in mind were, accordingly : (I) Absolute maternal and foetal safety. (2) Simplicity of apparatus and adminis-


The process of bringing a subject like pollution prevention to top of mind awareness, where designed to prevent waste becomes part of business as usual, is called cultural change. With Department of Energy orders and management waste minimization commitment statements on file, the REAL work is just beginning at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL); shaping the attitudes of 11,000+ employees. The difficulties of such a task are daunting. The 890 square mile INEL site and in-town support offices mean a huge diversity of employee jobs and waste streams; from cafeteria and auto maintenance wastes to high-level nuclear waste casks. INEL is pursuing a three component cultural change strategy: training, publicity, and public outreach. To meet the intent of DOE orders, all INEL employees are slated to receive pollution prevention orientation training. More technical training is given to targeted groups like purchasing and design engineering. To keep newly learned pollution prevention concepts top-of-mind, extensive site-wide publicity is being developed and conducted, culminating in the April Pollution Prevention Awareness Week coinciding with Earth Day 1992. Finally, news of INEL pollution prevention successes is shared with the public to increase their overall environmental awareness and their knowledge of INEL activities. An importantmore » added benefit is the sense of pride the program instills in INEL employees to have their successes displayed so publicly.« less


Many employees of India's Corporates are suffering from workplace anxiety, depression and burnout. Yoga Prana Vidya improves physical and mental health of people. This investigation aims to know the effects of a 3 months' intervention on a sample of IT employees, using once-a-week, one-hour session, of physical and breathing exercises, forgiveness sadhana, and peace meditation. Anxiety, depression and burnout levels were measured pre and post intervention. Statistical analysis of quantitative data showed significant reductions in anxiety and depression with regular practice. Qualitative analysis showed that programme success is possible with management initiative and support. The impact felt is more with regular practice.


The human species is in great danger of extinction due to the novel coronavirus that was first detected in China around December 2019. By March 2021, the world had witnessed over 116million cases, of which 36,223 are Zimbabwean. The disease that the coronavirus stimulates is quite fatal and has seen 2.57million lives succumbing to it, of which 1483 are Zimbabwean, by the same date. No cure has been discovered for it yet, though scientific researchers have already discovered several vaccines with varying efficacies. Employing a socio-pragmatic approach, the chapter explores the impact of fake covid-19 social media communications on efforts to minimize infections and fatalities in Zimbabwe, an already endangered country. It accomplishes this by qualitatively analyzing purposively sampled fake communications in circulation on social media as well as some of the utterances and behaviors people make in response to them. The chapter demonstrates the negative impact of the communications on international mitigating efforts and emphasizes the need for the government, media practitioners and social workers to always be watchful for such misleading
communications and in every case to quickly counter their impact by availing correct
information to the people.


The research methodology in this study consisted first of detailed case studies of the projects in the eight states involved in the federal Toll Road Pilot Program, authorized by Congress in 1987 to determine if permitting the use of federal aid on toll projects would assist the states in addressing the nation's congestion and infrastructure problems. A survey instrument was prepared, pilot tested, and used in lengthy phone interviews with officials from the eight states. The Federal Highway Administration and the U.S. General Accounting Office were consulted for the names of key contacts in each state for the pilot projects. The eight aforementioned states were: California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and West Virginia.


Abstract : Calculations for several atomic hyperfine structure spectra constants for various states of S, N, P, B, O, F, and N have been completed. The kind of wave function which can now be calculated from currently available machine programs are adequate to give qualitative agreement with experiment. All known electronic excited states of carbon monoxide have been studied.


From Apm'il 27 to May 12, 1965, 29 mammals representing 10 species were trapped Oil the Gray Lodge 'Waterf )wl Management A rca, Butte County, California a.ild examined to determine if any -ere Leptospira carriers by inoculation of kidney emulsion or urine into duplicate tubes of Fletcher 's me(bum. These included : 7 adult male California ground squirrels (Citellus beecbeyi), 5 adult male and 2 itllmilalure female blacktail jackrabhits (Lepus californicus), 2 adult female and 2 adult male feral cats (Felis cattus), 2 adult male striped skunks (Mephitis meJ)hitis), 1 adult male red fox (Vulpes fulra), 1 adult male Norway rat. (Jfattus noreegicus), 1 adult female California vole (Mi-


An estimating method, which conveniently and quickly predicts solutions of constraint parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in <italic>J-A</italic> two-parameter approach of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM), was developed and successfully applied on three-dimensional (3D) cracked structures under both uniaxial and biaxial loading condition. The method (estimate formula) for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value estimate was developed theoretically first. Then, based on the obtained numerical solutions of parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A $ </tex-math></inline-formula> from finite element analysis (FEA), the coefficient values of the proposed estimate formula were determined for 3D single edge cracked plate (SECP) structures under both uniaxial and biaxial loading, to estimate solutions of parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for 3D SECP. Through comparing predicted parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values with their FEA numerical solutions from authors and other researchers, it is validated that the proposed estimating method can be used well to predict <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values for thin 3D cracked structures. It enables the application of the EPFM <italic>J-A</italic> two-parameter approach on practical engineering structure analysis and design of sensor and other mechanical systems.


INTRODUCTION: sensor setting. A Matlab (Mathworks Inc., MA) code was run to register The plantar metatarsal sites (i.e., five metatarsal heads (MTHs) and the two images according to three non-collinear ink dots marked on the underlying protective fat pads) at the ball of the forefoot are exposed hallux. "MTH template" represents the registered images with minimal to substantial dynamic contact forces during gait. Variations in vertical errors induced due to discrepancy between the target MTH and actual and shear components, including their magnitude and temporal sensor locations as evaluated by Xj and Yj. characteristics, may lead to painful conditions in rheumatoid arthritis and elevated risks of tissue damage in neuropathic foot [1, 2], Despite the fact that these clinical symptoms are often found at the forefoot and localized to metatarsal sites, there is very little evidence of accurate three-dimensional measurement of plantar metatarsal loads. One of the major obstacles is that pressure-shear sensor technology is still far from miniaturization to the point where it could accurately relate force distribution data to specific anatomical sites (e.g., the 2nd MTH) [3]. Gross plantar force pattern, for example, can only be "mapped" onto a specific portion of the foot (e.g., medial, central, and lateral forefoot) [4]. Subtle variations within individual metatarsal site often cannot be Figure 2. Method to create "MTH template" for the 2 MTH targeting. specifically extracted. This study describes the construction of a novel The subject initiated gait from a stationary posture. The right foot was gait platform-type system, and a pilot study to obtain the vertical, positioned over the gait plate with ankle being slightly dorsiflexed to anterior-posterior (AP), and medical-lateral (ML) ground reaction force simulate a heel strike. Data collections began as subjects started to (GRF) components of the foot plantar surface at individual MTH during plantarfiex to late stance and subsequently push-off, further completing barefoot walking. a series of 5 to 6 steps to the end of the 7m walkway at self-sleeted speed. To take measures at the each MTH, the "MTH template" was displayed on a laptop screen to guide the subject with appropriate starting point (i.e., heel-strike position) by direct comparison with the real-time image frames from the FASTCAM system. METHODS: Force sensor design: A customized tactile force sensor that is capable of detecting the forces at three orthogonal directions was specifically designed based on strain-gauge techniques. It has a flat top sensing surface that measures a square contact area of 1.9 X 1.9 cm. Each of the three sensor channels was independently calibrated by using an Instron machine (Model 5848, Canton, MA). Mechanical cross-talk was minimal (less than 0.1%). Measurement errors are less than 2.2%, 3.5%, and 3.7% for direct forces in the vertical, AP and ML axes, respectively.


The results of researches related to the influence of partially regular microrelief parameters on the adhesion component of the friction factor under boundary lubrication have been given. A special ring-on tape test rig is proposed in order to avoid errors during running-in process. Special technique is used to form sinusoidal microgrooves what helped to create a partially regular microrelief on the surface with controlled contour and nominal contact areas. Fatigue and deformation components of wear process are considered. We proved that microtexturing with proposed parameters decreases the adhesion component of friction and reduces the probability of microwelding. It has been shown that under boundary friction micro grooves are effective on precision surfaces with low roughness when lack of film and probability of seizure appear.

http://www.astrj.com/pdf-65137-6498?filename=THE MECHANISM OF FRICTION.pdf


Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can lose all muscle-based routes of communication as motor neuron degeneration progresses, and ultimately, they may be left without any means of communication. While others have evaluated communication in people with remaining muscle control, to the best of our knowledge, it is not known whether neural-based communication remains possible in a completely locked-in state (CLIS). With consent and approval of the participant, family, and legal authority for this study, two 64 microelectrode arrays were implanted in the supplementary and primary motor cortex of a CLIS patient with ALS. The patient modulated neural firing rates based on auditory feedback, and he used this strategy to select letters one at a time to form words and phrases to communicate his needs and experiences. This case study provides novel evidence that brain-based volitional communication is possible even in a completely locked-in state.


When the shield machine launching or arriving is under construction in the shield tunnel construction, firstly the built retaining structure (piles in a row, diaphragm wall, etc.) of the shield tunnel portal needs to be excavated manually by tradition method, and then the shield machine launch or arrival construction is carried out. Consequently, after the built retaining structure of shield tunnel portal is excavated, it has become a key issue to ensure the soil stability of the work shaft portal for a period of time before the rotary cutter head of shield machine penetrating into or drilling through the stratum. Based on the project case, the principle of high pressure spiral jet grouting, the grouting parameters and the construction technology about dual pipe high-pressure spiral jet grouting piles for reinforcing the soil of the end well portal are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, some suggestions are put forward on the questions that exist in the jet grouting piles for the shield launching or arrival construction.


As management modes of innovation evolve from in house R&D to embrace open innovation, it is problematic that today's innovation metrics, as reflected in annual statements, do not capture the real investment in innovation, rather they focus on the tangible and more easily identifiable innovation investments. This study reviews the literature on existing measures of innovation and proposes a theoretical framework to facilitate better understanding of proper ways to measure innovation. Considering the dynamic context in which innovation evolves, this paper posits that it is time to introduce a stronger theoretical link in the application-oriented measurements of innovation. The proposed theoretical framework is then used to review the existing measures of innovation. Implications of the proposed theoretical framework and limitations of the study are discussed.


A proportional robust control based on sliding for a dual active bridge converter is proposed. Digital phase controller is analyzed to regulate the output voltage. Additionally, the reachability and stability of the regulator are studied. Developed control, aside of being simulated, is implemented inside a FPGA and experimentally verified with a prototype.


A colorless operation of optical network unit is an essential requirement for manageable WDM-PON. Various types of the colorless optical sources and WDM-PON architectures including the commercial solutions will be reviewed.


Saturated laser induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques are used to probe the production of OH following electron impact on water over an energy range from 20 to 300 eV. Production is dominated at low energy by excitation of triplet parent states of H2O which lead to low energy OH fragments. Absolute cross‐sections for production of OH (X, v'=0) are obtained using the cross‐section for production of CO+2 (X, v'=0) as a standard. The cross‐section is sharply peaked at low energy and has a value of 5.3×10−17cm2 at 100 eV.