The downfall of communist Yugoslavia and the democratization process that followed at the end of the 1980s have led to the fragmentation of the country, which was accompanied by several wars of different intensity and duration (1991–1999). From the ashes of what once was the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia raised six independent states: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia. The situation relating to the southern Serbian province of Kosovo, after its unilateral declaration of independence at the beginning of 2008, and subsequent recognition by parts of the international community, remains unclear. Slovenia is already in the EU, while the rest of the former Yugoslav republics, within the framework of the Stabilization and Association Process of the European Union, have the status of EU Candidate or Potential Candidate countries and are slowly moving towards EU membership.


Targeted therapies have emerged as a promising cancer treatment strategy by inhibiting proteins specific to cancer cells while preserving healthy cells. RAS proteins play a crucial role in cancer development and are associated with increased tumor growth and invasion. Mutations in RAS genes, especially KRAS G12D, are present in a large proportion of human cancers. However, these proteins have been deemed "undruggable" due to the absence of binding pockets for small-molecule drugs


Kripa (Lumnitzera racemosa) is an evergreen branched tree of medicinal value found in the mangrove areas of the Indian subcontinent and traditionally used by local rural communities to treat various ailments and their symptoms. Kripa was identified as one of the many mangrove species that occur in the Sunderbans delta that are being used for its therapeutic properties. The traditional usage of Kripa leaves and bark were learnt through interaction with the locals. The plant parts were collected from the Medicinal Plant Conservation Area (MPCA) in Bonnie Camp and a preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted in methanolic extraction by following standard methodology. The locals reported that the most common use of the plant were to treat itches, bites (inflammation) and occasionally even symptoms of diabetes. The preliminary phytochemical screening reveals that the leaves of Kripa contains glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, etc.


G. M. A . VAN O S ,* B . DE LA AT , * § P . W. KAMPHUISEN ,– J . C . M. ME I J ERS – and P H. G . D E GRO O T* *Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht; Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Sanquin Research, Amsterdam; §Synapse, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht; and –Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands


Abstract The effect of contaminant hydrophobicity on hydrogen peroxide dosage requirements in the treatment of contaminated soils using catalyzed H2O2 propagations (CHP) was investigated. Four chlorobenzenes of varied hydrophobicity, but equal reactivity with hydroxyl radical, were sorbed to a natural soil and treated with mineral, catalyzed CHP. The oxidation rates of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene were measured and compared to desorption rates, and the effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration and slurry volume were evaluated using a central composite rotatable experimental design. Response surfaces were generated to determine optimum conditions for chlorobenzene degradation and reaction stoichiometry. All chlorobenzenes were degraded to below detection limits, but hydrogen peroxide requirements increased with a greater degree of chlorine substitution. Furthermore, significantly higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations were required for >99.9% degradation of hexachlorobenzene, resulting in a much higher hydrogen peroxide requirement compared to the other chlorobenzenes. The higher hydrogen peroxide requirement for hexachlorobenzene degradation was likely due to the need to overcome sorption limitations. The results of this research show that contaminant hydrophobicity may be the primary factor controlling hydrogen peroxide dosages in the treatment of contaminated soils by CHP.


In this brief review, we discuss quantum decoherence of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate using Bogoliubov transformation. In particular, condensate phase is introduced and its diusion is studied. Validity of the Bogoliubov prescription is investigated and restored via the condensate phase. Role of quantum state of the condensate on the phase collapse is examined. Relation between the uctuations in the condensate particle number and the dynamics of the condensate phase is claried.


One new delphacid genus and species, Lacertina australis Remes Lenicov & Rossi Batiz, gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae: Saccharosydnini), is described and illustrated from Argentina with distribution data and host plants data provided. The new genus is easily distinguished from all other genera of the Neotropical Saccharosydnini by being strongly dorsoventrally flattened with a wide vertex projecting 2/3 of its length beyond the eyes and the presence of two submedian carinae on frons. An identification key to the genera of Saccharosydnini is provided.


This research has been supported by the NSF grant SES-0922550. Address: Thorsten Drautzburg, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Harald Uhlig, Department of Economics, University of Chicago, 1126 East 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A, email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Additional affiliations for H. Uhlig: CentER, NBER and CEPR. We are grateful for the useful feedback from a number of seminar and conference audiences. The views expressed herein are the authors' views only. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, the Federal Reserve System, or its Board of Governors.


The equations of generalized dynamics of the first kind of soft-matter quasicrystals are derived and given in the previous report, we now introduce the equations of the dynamics for the second kind of quasicrystals in soft matter.


Computer-based human activity detection of everyday life has lately attracted a lot of attention due to its relevance to contextual assisted living. Such applications necessitate the automatic recognition of high-level events involving many human actions in a specific context. Kitchen activity recognition aims to monitor the activities of the inhabitant and identify deviations from the normal in kitchen. This paper presents a deep neural architecture for recognizing kitchen activities that employs a combination of machine learning models. In this work, comparative study of kitchen activity detection is performed using kitchen video dataset with three models, namely CNN, VGG16 with LSTM and VGG16 with Bidirectional LSTM. The results of the experiments reveal that an accuracy of 31% for training and 28% for testing is achieved with CNN model, whereas VGG16 with LSTM model achieves 92% for training and 96% for testing, VGG16 with Bidirectional LSTM model achieves 95% for training and 94% for testing.


The influence of threaded reinforcement couplers on the appearance of normal cracks in reinforced concrete beams is analyzed in the article. The method for calculation of cracking moment when tensile reinforcement is spliced by couplers is presented. The analysis of experimental and numerical results obtained by calculation method mentioned above has shown that the first normal cracks usually appear at the end of the coupler. The initial cracking moment of the beams with reinforcement couplers is smaller than of the beams without the couplers. It is also observed that cracking moment is directly proportional to the area of concrete shearing surface at the end of the coupler. The area of such surface depends on the size of reinforcement ribs, distance between them and the diameter of the coupler. In the later cracking stage of the beams parameters of the crack development at the end of the coupler and these for the other cracks become almost the same.


...........................................................................................................20 1.0 Chapter 1: Introduction...................................................................................21 1.1 The Biofuels Industry...........................................................................21 1.2 Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis In Microorganisms...........................................21 1.3 Cytochromes P450: An Overview...........................................................25 1.4 History of Cytochromes P450.................................................................25 1.5 Cytochrome P450 Structure..................................................................26 1.6 Redox Partners..................................................................................28 1.7 The Cytochrome P450 Catalytic Cycle....................................................30 1.7a Substrate Binding.........................................................................31 1.7b Reduction of Ferric (FeIII) to Ferrous (FeII) Heme Iron...........................31 1.7c Binding of Dixoxygen to FeII Heme Iron .............................................32 1.7d Second Electron Transfer to the Ferric-Superoxy Complex...................33 1.7e Protonation of the Ferric-Peroxy Species..........................................33 1.7f Protonation of the Ferric-Hydroperoxy Intermediate Resulting in the .Formation of the Ferryl-Oxo Intermediate (Compound I)........................................34


In this letter we report the generation of titanium oxide clusters by direct laser vaporization of compound samples. Mainly [TiO(TiO2)(n-1)](+) and (TiO2)(n)(+) cluster ions are generated in a relatively large size range with n = 1-50, and these two cluster series are presumably the most stable Ti/O cluster ions. No prominent magic numbers are found in this size range, although [TiO(TiO2)(14)](+) and [TiO(TiO2)(16)](+) if are slightly protrudent steadily. The composition and the abundance distribution reveal that the clusters are formed through gas-phase recombination with a building block of (TiO2). (Int J Mass Spectrom 177 (1998) L1-L4). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.


Email of the presenting author: email@example.com The Golgi apparatus is a central station in the cellular biosynthetic secretory pathway and is also involved in endocytic traffic via retrograde trafficking routes, which are necessary for the retrieval, repair and recycling of molecules. Although it is capable of several different feats, the transport and post-translational modification of secretory cargo proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to their final destinations is one of its most important functions. Furthermore, it has the ability to take up endocytosed substances, among them wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), the internalisation of which is a complex multi-step process [1]. In mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is arranged into stacks, which are made up of cisternae and organized in cis-, medial-, transsubcompartments. The Golgi apparatus is not a static organelle. It undergoes vast structural reorganizations in reaction to a variety of stimuli, such as the reduction of cellular ATP levels [2, 3]. To explore whether the Golgi apparatus retains some of its functionalities during this state of tubular-glomerular reorganization, human HepG2 hepatoma cells were treated with peroxidase-labelled wheat germ agglutinin before ATP was depleted from the cells using 2-deoxy-D-glucose. After fixation in 1% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, internalized WGA was visualized by means of oxidation of diaminobenzidine. After post-fixation in 1% veronal-acetate-buffered OsO4, the specimens were dehydrated and embedded in epoxy resin. Thick sections of 200-250 nm were prepared for electron tomography to create 3D-models in order to study the complex architectures of the reorganized Golgi apparatus. Electron tomography was performed in a 200kV transmission electron microscope (Tecnai20, FEI); the tomograms were reconstructed using the Inspect 3D software (FEI) and 3D-models were drawn with the aid of the Amira 5.4.5 software. The dispersal of internalized WGA (Figs.1 and 2) showed that the Golgi apparatus maintains the ability to subcompartmentalize some of its structures even in a state of disorganization induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which may provide further insight into the cellular reactions to metabolic stress. References 1. Vetterlein, M., et al., Golgi apparatus and TGN during endocytosis. Histochem Cell Biol, 2002. 117(2): p. 143-50. 2. del Valle, M., et al.,Membrane flow through the Golgi apparatus: specific disassembly of the cis-Golgi network by ATP depletion. J Cell Sci, 1999. 112 ( Pt 22): p. 4017-29. 3. Meisslitzer-Ruppitsch, C., et al., The ceramide-enriched trans-Golgi compartments reorganize together with other parts of the Golgi apparatus in response to ATP-depletion. Histochem Cell Biol, 2011. 135(2): p. 159-71.


When executed properly, supply chain visibility will come into play on a day-to-day basis. But how do logistics managers get there? Our technology correspondent shows you the way.


Network analysis has driven key developments in animal behavior research by providing quantitative methods to study the social structure of animal groups and populations. A recent advancement in network science, \emph{multilayer network analysis}, the study of network structures of multiple interconnected `layers', offers a novel way to represent and analyze the structure of animal behavior, and help strengthen links to broader ecological and evolutionary contexts. We outline the potential uses of these new methods at individual-, group-, population-, and evolutionary-levels, and we highlight their potential to advance behavioral ecology research. This novel quantitative approach makes it possible to address classic research questions from a new perspective and opens a diversity of new questions that previously have been out of reach.


The present invention, quinazoline, quinoxaline, cinnoline, indazole, phthalazine, naphthyridine, benzothiazole, dihydro India Ron, dihydroisoquinoline India Ron is replaced by benzimidazole or indole, pentanol derivatives of general formula (I), their the method of generating, and their use as anti-inflammatory agents.


In the Central Hardwood Forest region, variable success of privately-owned hardwood plantations has been attributed to competing vegetation and damage due to animal browse. Although specific silvicultural practices are known to mitigate these pressures, few studies have addressed how the management behavior of private landowners translates into establishment success. This research (i) examined landowner motivations for establishing hardwood plantations in Indiana between 1997 and 2001, (ii) characterized landowners according to the values they hold for their land, (iii) described the silvicultural practices employed within these plantations, (iv) quantified plantation establishment success, as defined by seedling survival and vigor, and (v) related these motivations, ownership characteristics, and silvicultural practices to overall plantation establishment success. Motivations to plant and ownership characteristics were assessed through a statewide telephone survey, through which each landowner provided detailed silvicultural histories. Field data were collected from 87 of these plantations to assess seedling survival, vigor, and abundance of surrounding vegetation. Landowners valued their land for the privacy it provides, as a place of residence, and as a legacy for future generations. They plant trees primarily to provide for future generations, provide food and habitat for wildlife, and to conserve the natural environment. Plantation establishment success was lowest on sites owned by citizens who did not value their land as a legacy for future generations. Many NIPF owners engaged in requisite behaviors to ensure plantation establishment success. Survival was highest on sites that were treated with herbicide prior to planting and had been mechanically planted. The percentage of trees with evidence of dieback was highest on sites at which browse protection measures had been used. Sites planted by a professional forester and those with herbicide applied subsequent to planting had a higher percentage of trees deemed free-to-grow.


The exceptional properties of graphene create opportunities for application in electronic devices, such as sensor and radio frequency (RF) circuits. In these applications, low frequency noise is a key figure of merit and sometimes a limiting factor in their performance. In this study, we investigate low frequency 1/f noise of top-gate graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) from room temperature down to low temperature. We systematically study the 1/f noise properties and their dependence on carrier density, temperature and channel length.


Objective: To know the situation of the authors'papers of Wenzhou Medical College embodied by America"SCI". Methods: Papers written by authors of Wenzhou Medical College embodied by America"SCI"published from 1998 to 2007 were counted based upon the researching of SCI-E database. Results: The total number of papers published by authors of Wenzhou Medical College embodied by America"SCI"in 1998-2007 was 304 pieces of paper. Of which,247 papers were published in 2005-2007,accounting for 81.2%. Paper type: 259 papers were treatise,accounting for 85.2%. The discipline published the most papers was ophthalmology. They published 32 papers,accounting for 10.5%;the second one was biochemistry,they pub-lished 30 ones,accounting for 9.8%. The top authors of publishing SCI papers were QU Jia,LV Fan and LI Xiao-Kun. One hundred and forty-three papers were cited,the cited rate was 47%. The total number of citation was 732 times. The average cited time per each paper was 2.41 times. The most cited frequency of single paper was 77 times,of which 17 papers were cited more than 10 times,accounting for 11.9% of total cited papers. Conclusion: The number of Wenzhou Medical College embodied by SCI has been increasing year by year since 2005,the embodied papers involve every disciplines. Of which,ophthalmology and biochemistry are the main discipline.


The emission spectra of Cu and/or Sn doped sodium borate glasses were investigated for controlled glass structure. The results demonstrate that emission of metal ions was enhanced with increasing of B2O3 content. The broad emission band centered at 450 nm and 400 nm reflecting the reduction ability of the borate glass structure is attributed to the low valence state of metal ions Cu+, Sn2+ respectively. The reduction ability of the glass structure was identified by the increasing Sn2+ proportion through XPS measurements. Moreover, the Cu– Sn co-doped sample exhibits remarkably enhanced Cu+ ions emission which reveals the Sn2+ strong reduction effect on the Cu2+ ions. The effect of the structure variation on the mechanism of metal ions luminescence in borate glasses has been discussed.


An improved method of CB SAC process flow includes a spacer lining after etching spacer layer deposited on the gate stack and the step of depositing and etching of the nitride spacer layer is performed before removing. Spacer etching the spacer layer is then laminated between, a bit line in contact with the inserted poly (contact) is sufficiently isolated. CB backing by a usual isolation spacer layer after etching, can be prepared to obtain additional configuration integrity.


The synthesis and characterization of imidazole-containing macrocycles displaying planar chirality has been achieved. HLPC and NMR studies revealed the crucial role of the alicyclic chain length in determining the rate of stereoisomerisation: 15- and 16-membered cyclic compounds are chiral whereas their larger-ringed analogues equilibrate rapidly at room temperature. Computational calculations are in good agreement with experimental observations and allow us to understand the mechanism and the interactions involved in the conformational equilibrium between the two atropisomers. Separation of the two enantiomers of the 15-membered macrocycle by semipreparative chiral HPLC allowed us to investigate the influence of chirality on its biological activity.


Roadmapping is an established management method that supports strategy at innovation, business and sector levels. Roadmaps help to align investments in technology, infrastructure, capabilities and other resources with commercial, organizational and societal goals. The structured visual representation of strategy provided by roadmaps supports dialogue and communication across organizational boundaries. Roadmapping was originally developed for application in large technology-intensive industries such as electronics, aerospace and defense. The underlying principles of the approach are based on systems concepts commonly used to design complex engineered products. However, relatively little research has been undertaken to explore and develop the underlying conceptual basis of the approach, despite growing interest in the academic community, due to the emphasis on its practical origins and application. This paper provides a new perspective on the structure and function of roadmaps, based on well-founded design principles from the discipline of architecture. The conceptual basis of the technique is described, and illustrated with an industrial example, which is then related to perspectives from the field of architecture, strengthening the theoretical foundations of this established method. Based on this cross-disciplinary exploratory study, recommendations for future research are provided.


In their struggle for operational excellence, global companies face challenges in finding a common denominator to streamline and align supply chain operations across business units. The ever growing complexity of managing global flows of products, information and capital increases the risk of deploying inapt operations leading to deterioration of profits. To address this problem, the authors propose a unified business process design framework based on the paradigm of intelligence. Intelligence allows humans and human-designed systems cope with environmental volatility, and the authors argue that its principles applied to the context of organizational processes can increase the success rate of business operations. The framework is created using a set of theoretical based constructs grounded in a discussion across several streams of research including psychology, pedagogy, artificial intelligence, learning, business process management and supply chain management. It outlines a number of system tasks combined in four integrated management perspectives: build, execute, grow and innovate, put forward as business process design propositions for Intelligent Supply Chains.


The aim of present study was to compare the changes in thyroid gland during the reproductive cycle of the female bat Taphozous kachhensis . The thyroid gland of the bat was studied morphometrically and histologically, it showed marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid, epithelial cell height and plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland was a symmetrical, bilobed, and located on the lateral side of the trachea, between the first and the third tracheal rings, connected by an isthmus. The mean weight of the noted lobes was (2.240±0.121) mg, (2.88±0.05) mg and (2.704±0.067) mg, during early pregnancy, mid pregnancy and late pregnancy respectively. The thyroid hormone showed marked seasonal variations. During early pregnancy there was rise in the level of TSH (1.7 ng/mL) but the slight decrease in the level of T3 (54 ng/mL) and T4 (2.9 ng/mL) was noticed. The level of TSH and T4 was decreases during mid pregnancy but the increase in the level of T3 was noticed and it was highest as compare to other stages and it is found to be 1.4 ng/mL, 1.5 ng/mL, 69 ng/mL respectively. During late pregnancy, TSH and T3 concentration decreases but the increase in the level of T4 was observed and it was found to be 0.9 ng/mL, 60 ng/mL, 2.9 ng/mL respectively. The diameter of colloid in small, medium and large follicle during early pregnancy and late pregnancy were 28 µm, 56 µm, 96 µm and 36 µm, 60 µm, 72 µm respectively. The epithelial cell heights of small, medium and large size follicles during early pregnancy and late pregnancy were 3.6 µm, 4 µm, 8 µm and 4 µm, 8 µm, 8 µm respectively.


The traditional system will be more appropriate if the disease is diagnosed by its own perspective. So the study aims at determining the sensitivity and specificity of the Siddha diagnostic methodology for Meganeer avathaigal (a complication of diabetes mellitus).Applying Siddha system of diagnosis with inclusion and exclusion criteria, clinical study was conducted on persons having the disease meganeer avathaigal. The procedures namely Wrist circummetric sign, oil on urine sign and 8 fold examination namely Pulse, Tongue, Complexion, Voice, Eye, Body examination, Stool and Urine were used for the study. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used for statistical analysis. Most patients had the wrist circumference of 9 1⁄2 Finger units and an insignificant number of patient`s urine, drop of oil took the form of slowly spread.Similarly, 8 fold examinations revealed most patients had pulse play with pitham vatham than healthy volunteers. Tastelessness and decreased salivation were observed in tongue examination. Increase in body temperature and pain on palpation were found in a significant number of patients. Patient`s urine samples had fruity odor, higher in density and polyuria.So it can be concluded that the following Siddha procedures in combination namely Wrist circummetric sign, oil on urine sign and 8 fold examinations differentiate the patients of meganeer avathaigal from the healthy volunteers. R. Ramya 1 , G.J. Christian 2 , S. Elansekaran 3 , M. Ramamurthy 3 and V. Srinivasan 3 1PG Scholar, Department of Noi Naadal, National Institute of Siddha, Tamilnadu, India 2HOD(i/c), Department of Noi Naadal, National Institute of Siddha, Tamilnadu, India 3Lecturer, Department of Noi Naadal, National Institute of Siddha, Tamilnadu, India. Submission: 10 February 2017 Accepted: 15 February 2017 Published: 25 February 2017 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: R. Ramya et al. Ijppr.Human, 2017; Vol. 8 (3): 320-334. 321


(57) Abstract: security and personal identification system for use in a variety of other types of pattern matching applications, provide an accurate recognition of a known person. The system generates a profile of the person about to enter the using inexpensive many sensors (100), controlled space (104). This sensor is statistically independent different characteristics of the person, for example the height, weight, gait, vibration of the voice, and measuring the time for implementing the various functions. This measurement is used to search the database patterns associated with individual (108) that are allowed. To support a set of learning and application of sensors for addressing the sensor drift, the active agent method is used and to change overtime. Many combinations of parameters in the wrong negative errors and false positive errors are both low probability, identifying the person (110).


The influence of provisional scale parameters of radio navigation equipment for tracking loop after the signal of navigation space craft and radio navigation parameters estimation signal are considered.


The concept of 'just war' has long been embedded in the structure of a world divided into sovereign nation-states. And groups like UKIP want to perpetuate this structure. But sovereign states are in melt down under the impact of globalisation. So just war needs to be rethought in order to reflect a truly catholic outlook, and the church needs to understand this.


With the increasing expectation of higher education,the issue of higher education equity has received a wide publicity of educators,sociologists,and even economists,politicians.By using statistical method,this paper deeply discussed some issues of rural students about their enrollment and employment.Enlarging enrollment of university is benefit for raising the enrollment rate of rural students and improving their value of human capital.However,from the view of education equity,educational unfairness still exist on the starting point and the results of higher education between rural and urban students.To take full advantage of education role in promoting social equity,four measures have been proposed to gradually improve the higher education equality.


The definition of a metric between any two n- simplexes was given such that the set of all n-simplexes was a metric space. The stability on Zhang-Yang inequality concern- ing volumes for an n-simplex and its (n-1)-dimensional side facet was proved. Moreover, the stability on several inequalities concerning the volume, inradius and height for an n-simplex also were proved.


This study used Vector Auto regression (VAR) model to analyze effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism in Indonesia through Interest Rate Channel period of 1990:2-2007:1. The effectiveness was measured by two indicators. They are: (1). how fast or how many time lag needed since the shock of monetary instruments (rSBI) until the realisation of final target of monetary policy (inflation). (2). How strong the variables of Interest Rate Channel response the shock of SBI interest rate and other variable. This study used secondary data issued by Bank Indonesia and BPS as well as from International Finance Statistic (IFS). The result of the study shows that response velocity of variable in Interest Rate Channel towards shock instrument of monetary policy (rSBI) until reach the final target about 10 quarterly or twenty six months. While impulse response function of variables in this channel to the shock instrument of monetary policy (rSBI) is quiet strong and the main variable in interest rate money market among bank (rPUAB) able to explain diversity final target of monetary policy (inflation) about 63,11%. This result once shows a strong Granger causality and predictive power between rPUAB as the operational target with inflation as the final target of monetary policy. Thus we can conclude that mechanism of monetary policy transmission through Interest Rate Channel is effective to reach the final target of monetary policy of Indonesia period of 1990:2-2007:1 Keywords : Monetary Policy, Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition.


This paper reports the findings of an investigation into how government land policies and in particular the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) has affected farmers' access to farming land and how local people have responded to these policies. Access to land is unequal in most rural areas in China. Access is controlled by state land policies and local power relations. On the macrolevel, the state initiates generalised (simplified) land policies; but it is often difficult to implement these policies in the widely varying conditions at the local level. The diversity of livelihoods in villages results in differing responses to the state's land policies, particularly SLCP. The state's generalised policies cause many conflicts about access to land. The Sloping Land Conversion Program Ribot and Peluso (2003) define access as "the ability to derive benefits from things". This paper discusses how access to the natural resources of land, water and forests is influencing the livelihoods of local people in one Chinese village. Access to land is a controversial issue in many societies. As a major means of production, land is perceived as central to development in developing countries. It is often farmers' main capital and governs their livelihood strategies and so is a key determinant of human welfare (Scoones 1998). Any government that sincerely pursues development must institute viable land programmes and policies. The Chinese government has put land and its attendant issues at the centre of its development strategies. In fact, the beginning of the current great rise of the Chinese economy can be traced back to individual farmers being given access to farmlands under the Household Responsibility System in 1978. In the past few decades, the Chinese Government has implemented new land policies. From the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 to the present, many policies on land tenure and land use have been formulated (Selden 1993). Land reform measures introduced in the early 1950s provided poor people with access to farmland. From the mid1950s the state pushed the 'collectivisation' of land. This aimed for equitable access to natural resources and mutual support for labour sharing and decision-making. During the collectivisation era (1950-1978), all farmlands and forestlands were nationalised, and the state was responsible for drafting land policies, land use planning, and decision-making about resource management. Private and customary ownership and access rights to forestlands were not legally recognised or respected. This changed after economic reforms in the agricultural Part_III_Sept 22_final.qxd 12/28/2006 9:35 AM Page 235


Objective:To explore the effects of ginkgolide B on vascular tension and its possible mechanism using diabetic model of rats.Methods:24 male S-D rats were divided randomly into four groups,including normal control group(NC group),ginkgolide B group(GB group),diabetes group(DM group) and diabetic model + ginkgolide B(DM+GB group) group.The model of diabetes is established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ,65mg/kg).After 8 weeks with ginkgolide B intervention,the tension of the thoracic aortic ring(TAR) in each group of rats was measured by using blood vascular perfusion in vitro,which was induced by acetylcholine(ACh);their changes of contract tension to phenylephrine(PE) were also observed after pretreatment with L-NAME(non-specific NOS inhibitor) and methylene blue(cGMP inhibitor) for 20 minutes.The levels of platelet-activating factor(PAF) in plasma,nitric oxide(NO) from TARs were also detected,as well as the activity of NOS from TARs.Results:Compared with NC group,ACh-induced vasodilation of TAR in DM group was lower(P0.01);whereas ACh-induced relaxation of TAR in DM+GB Group was significantly improved(P0.05),compared with DM group,and similar to that in NC group;the difference of ACh-induced vasodilation between GB group and NC group was not statistically significant(P0.05).After pre-incubated L-NAME and methylene blue,the contraction amplitudes of TAR induced by PE were significantly increased(P0.01),compared to that before treatment with the inhibitors in NC group,and similar to that observed in DM+GB group(P0.05);there were no significant differences(P0.05) before or after pretreatment with the inhibitors in DM group.Whereas the differences of contraction amplitudes of TARs between before or after incubation in GB group Corresponding NC group were not existed significantly(P0.05).Biochemical detections showed:compared with that in NC group,the level of PAF in plasma was increased,whereas the level of NO and the activity of NOS from TARs were decreased in DM group(P0.01).However,compared with that in DM group,the level of PAF in plasma was decreased(P0.01) in DM+ GB group,whereas the level of NO and the activity of NOS from TARs were significantly risen(P0.01).Conclusion:GB can improve Ach-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of TARs in the diabetic model of rat through reducing PAF levels,the mechanism might be executed by NOS-GC-cGMP pathway,but the accurate pathway need to research in depth.


The epithelium of the respiratory tract forms a large surface area that maintains intimate contact with the environment. Through the act of breathing, this mucosal surface encounters an array of pathogens and toxic particulates. In response to these challenges many strategies have evolved to protect the host. These include the barrier functions of the epithelium, cough, mucociliary clearance, resident professional phagocytes, and the secretion of a number of proteins and peptides with host defense functions (Bartlett et al., 2008). The respiratory epithelium is lined with cilia that normally carry out an integrated and coordinated mechanism called mucociliary clearance. Mucociliary clearance, the process by which cilia transport the viscous mucus blanket of the upper airway to the gastrointestinal tract, is the primary means by which the upper airway clears itself of pathogens, allergens, debris, and toxins. Cilia are evolutionarily conserved structures that play a role in diverse cell types. Cilia are complex and powerful cellular structures that serve a multitude of functions across many types of organisms. In humans, one of the most critical roles of cilia is defense of the airway. The complex structure and regulatory mechanisms that dictate the form and function of normal cilia are not entirely understood, but it is clear that ciliary dysfunction results in impaired respiratory defense. Ciliary dysfunction may be primary, the result of genetic mutations resulting in abnormal cilia structure, or secondary, the result of environmental, infectious or inflammatory stimuli that disrupt normal motility or coordination.


Even though mobile phones become increasingly popular with the unceasing development of china,more waste mobile phones are left.It's imperative to dispose of them.However,many kinds of valuable metals such as gold,silver,copper,palladium are existed in them in a great quantity.It's feasible economically to recycle and dispose of them in an innocuous way.


The prevailing Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) techniques provide in most cases reasonably accurate estimates of structural frequencies and mode shapes. In contrast though, they are known to often produce poor structural damping estimates, which is mainly due to inherent random and/or bias errors. In this paper a comparison is made of the effectiveness of three existing OMA techniques in providing accurate damping estimates for varying loadings, levels of noise, number of added measurement channels and structural damping. The evaluated techniques are derived in the time domain and are namely the Ibrahim Time Domain (ITD), Eigenvalue Realization Algorithm (ERA) and the Polyreference Time Domain (PTD). The response of a two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) system is numerically established from specified modal parameters with well separated and closely spaced modes. Two types of response are considered, free response and random response from white noise loading. Finally, the results of the numerical study are presented, in which the error of the structural damping estimates obtained by each OMA technique is shown for a range of damping levels. From this, it is clear that there are notable differences in accuracy between the different techniques.


SummaryThis paper proposes a new set of testable implications for the instrumental variable independence assumption for discrete treatment, but unrestricted outcome and instruments: generalized instrumental inequalities. When outcome and treatment are both binary, but instruments are unrestricted, we show that the generalized instrumental inequalities are necessary and sufficient to detect all observable violations of the instrumental variable independence assumption. To test the generalized instrumental inequalities, we propose an approach combining a sample splitting procedure and an inference method for intersection bounds. This idea allows one to easily implement the test using existing Stata packages. We apply our proposed strategy to assess the validity of the instrumental variable independence assumption for various instruments used in the returns to college literature.


Materials engineering, in order to achieve weight reduction and cost saving, was widely developed using plastic-based composite materials, like polypropylene (PP). As the large consumption of PP, the recycled polypropylene (rPP) was potential for producing rPP-based composites for car body panels. However, it had to have high mechanical and burning properties, and it can be achieved using clay particle as filler, like local clay from Sokka Kebumen Indonesia. The clay particle was made from rejected Sokka tile pocessed using a grinding machine and sieved for several sizes (≤74μm; 74-100 μm; 100-125 µm). The mixure of rPP/clay were pressed using a hotpress for producing the composite and its specimens were tested using Universal Testing Machine and horizontal burning test apparatus, and the fracture surfaces were observed using SEM. The enhancing of tensile and burning properties of rPP/clay composite can be performed by using the addition of Sokka-clay and smaller particle of clay. The rPP/clay composite was competitive with the commercial panel of car interior and potential to be applied as car panel material.


Abstract : The purpose of this research was to: design and develop M1 crew procedure guides for tasks performed before, during, and after tank operations; and design, develop and evaluate low-cost sustainment training material for skill enhancement on various tank combat tasks. This report discusses the history of the research effort and the results of the field evaluations. Research findings indicate the media types utilized are viable and effective fore sustainment training purposes.


Abstract. In this paper, we prove that there is no branch point in theLorentz space (M,d) which is the limit space of a sequence {(M α ,d α )}ofcompact globally hyperbolic interpolating spacetimes with C α± -propertiesand curvature bounded below. Using this, we also obtain that every max-imal timelike geodesic in the limit space (M,d) can be expressed as thelimit curve of a sequence of maximal timelike geodesics in {(M α ,d α )}.Finally, we show that the limit space (M,d) satisfies a timelike trian-gle comparison property which is analogous to the case of Alexandrovcurvature bounds in length spaces. 1. IntroductionLorentzian Gromov-Hausdorff theory was first introduced by J. Noldus in[3] and the notion of Gromov-Hausdorff (GH) distance d GH ((M,g),(N,h))between two compact, globally hyperbolic (CGH),interpolating spacetimes(M,d) and (N,h) was defined in a similar way as in the Riemannian case.Specifically, we say (M,d) and (N,h) ǫ-close if and only if there exist map-pings ψ: M→ N, ξ: N→ Msuch that| d


Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has potential clinical application for symptomatic management in multiple sclerosis (MS). Repeated sessions are necessary in order to adequately evaluate a therapeutic effect. However, it is not feasible for many individuals with MS to visit clinic for treatment on a daily basis, and clinic delivery is also associated with substantial cost. We developed a research protocol to remotely supervise self‐ or proxy‐administration for home delivery of tDCS using specially designed equipment and a telemedicine platform.


The heavy metals were determined in different sample of fruits available in Pakistan by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Iron was found dominant elemental ion followed by manganese and zinc. The obtained results revealed that Fe was found as 73183.5; Zn, 5 -56.5 ; Mn, 1.5 68.5; Cu , 4.555 ; Co,0.5-2; Cr, 0.5 -18.5 ; Ni, 2 -18.5 mg/kg for Fe ,Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Cr ,Ni ; Pb, 1.512.5 and Cd was 0.05 -0.1 mg/kg of sample dry weight. The obtained results were compare able with literature reported values.


Large scale antenna arrays are useful for energy focusing in wireless power transfer. Due to the large size of the arrays, it is challenging to perform direct analysis of large scale antenna arrays. The radiated near field contains rich information of a large scale antenna array. Hence, near field has been utilized to perform analysis of large scale antenna arrays. Because near field scanning is time consuming, it is interesting to perform near field-based analysis with reduced number of field samples. This paper reviews two latest developments of large scale antenna arrays analysis with reduced number of near field samples. First, the sparse source solution is introduced to cut down the near field sample number required for elemental excitation reconstruction. Second, in order to reduce the number of field samples for plane wave spectrum calculation, the spectral integral is calculated by the matrix pencil method. By cutting down the near field sample number, the efficiency of near field-based analysis can be improved.


Low carbon tourism industry is recognized as one of the future development direction,its practice and promotion need public's action.From the analysis of the 2756 questionnaires,it is found that:(1)the public's cognition on low carbon tourism is not in-depth,and it differs in different people who have different education level,income and profession.(2)Most people are willing to learn and practice low carbon tourism,their willingness to participate in the tourism is affected by their education level and profession,but most of them hold a wait-and-see attitude for the calculation and compensation of "carbon emissions".Many people consider that low carbon tourism is just a slogan or it would reduce the comfortableness of tourism process.(3)Most people can formulate a comprehensive plan before taking a trip,turn off the TV set after watching,choose organic food,and so on,but few voluntarily reduce the number of replacement of sheet,accept the recycled travel bag(cap),use personal health supplies in hotel,etc.From the above conclusions,the paper puts forward corresponding suggestions to promote the popularization and practice of low-carbon tourism.


Nonlocal constitutive relations promise to homogenize metamaterials even though the ratio of period over operational wavelength is not much smaller than unity. However, this ability has not yet been verified, as frequently only discrete structures were considered. This denies a systematic variation of the relevant ratio. Here, we explore, using the example of an electric dipolar lattice, the superiority of the nonlocal over local constitutive relation to homogenize metamaterials when the period tends to be comparable to the wavelength. Moreover, we observe a breakdown of the ability to homogenize the metamaterial at shorter lattice constants. This surprising failure occurs when energy is transported across the lattice thanks to a well-pronounced near-field interaction among the particles forming the lattice. Contrary to common wisdom, this suggests that the period should not just be much smaller than the operational wavelength to homogenize a metamaterial, but, for a given size of the inclusion, there is an optimal period.


Abstract In industrial operations where workers may be exposed to a mixture of polar and nonpolar organic vapors, such as in spray painting, the use of carbon disulfide as the desorption liquid for charcoal tubes or diffusion badges is inadequate. Desorption efficiencies for some polar analytes may be low, and a loading dependency of the desorption efficiency may be present, making quantitation difficult. Many researchers have added polar substances to carbon disulfide or used alternative polar desorption solvents or schemes; however, often the polar additive or solvent may be a compound of interest or interfere in some way with the analysis. Numerous polar and nonpolar solvents were found on charcoal tube and diffusion badge samples collected during automobile assembly spray painting operations. Methanol in carbon disulfide was tried as a desorption solvent but was found to be inadequate. Considerable improvement in desorption efficiencies for the polar analytes was obtained when 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethan...


A case of non-coronary myocardial infarct in the newborn period is reported. There are only 25 cases in the world literature. A review is made of the the etiology, pathogenesis and of the news methods used for diagnosis.


Anatase-type TiO 2 films were formed on SiO 2 film-coated glass substrates by a sol-gel method. Nanometer-sized gold particles were highly dispersed on the surfaces of the TiO 2 film (Au/TiO 2 -TF) and TiO 2 particles (Au/TiO 2 -P) using a deposition-precipitation method. X-ray photoelectron spectra of Au/TiO 2 -TF adsorbed with sulfur from Sg molecules indicated that the sulfurs are selectively adsorbed on the Au surfaces with the two kinds of chemisorption modes, atomic and molecular adsorption (S-Au/TiO 2 -TF). Light-irradiation (λ ex > 300 nm) to S-Au/TiO 2 -TF and S-Au/TiO 2 -P in water at 298 K gave rise to desorption of the sulfur with the Au particle size almost maintained. Kinetic analysis showed that the rate constant for the sulfur desorption from S-Au/TiO 2 -TF in an opened reaction system is larger than that from S-Au/TiO 2 P in a closed reaction system by a factor of ca. 3.6.


Abstract Marginal probability effects of demographic variables on consumer concerns about pesticide residues were assessed as well as the likelihood of consumer beliefs given different channels of information on produce safety and risks. This was done using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of ordered logit models. The empirical results showed that pesticide residue concern levels appeared to be lower for more highly educated and high income households. Safety information from the academic community was found to have the highest likelihood of acceptance by consumers.


The hepatic artery occlusion is compensated for the opening of pre-existing arterial anastomosis which divert the blood in to arteries downstream of the stenosis for the increase of the flow and for the portal oxygenation. The entity and the type of the collateral circulation depend on the site on the extent on the entity on the rapidity of the development and eventually on the patency of the main pre-existing anastomotic arteries. This circulation is more effective of the stenosis is in the common hepatic artery whereas it becomes more and more uneffective when the occlusion concerns the peripheral arterial branches. The increase of the portal flow occurs mainly through the splenic circulation or with the celiac trunk stenosis and in the splenectomised patients or through the mesenteric circulation thanks to a neuro-humoral mechanism which causes the opening of the precapillary arteriovenous communications. The increase of the portal flow is in correlation with the hypoxia of the hepatocyte for the decreased sinusoidal arterial supply.


BACKGROUND
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with brain alterations and neurocognitive deficits, but relationships between brain alterations and neurocognitive deficits remain unclear.

METHODS
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained from 31 participants with PAE and 31 unexposed controls aged 7-15 years. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were derived from the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), bilateral cingulum, and inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF, SLF). Participants completed language subtests from the NEPSY-II. Executive functioning was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF-PR) and verbal learning was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version (CVLT-C) in children with PAE only. Group differences in diffusion metrics and cognitive scores were tested. Principal component analysis was used to reduce redundancy in cognitive and behaviour variables; associations between components and brain measures were then assessed.

RESULTS
Children with PAE had lower MD in the right SLF compared to unexposed controls. FA was positively related to age in 6 of 9 tracts and MD negatively related to age in all tracts; there were no significant age-by-group interactions. Participants with PAE scored lower than unexposed peers on the NEPSY-II Comprehension of Instructions and Phonological Processing and above population norms (indicating worse performance) on the BRIEF-PR. Children with PAE had a negative association between a principal component closely associated with Speeded Naming and FA in the left SLF (PAE: p= 0.002) and left ILF (PAE: p= 0.002); unexposed controls showed no significant associations.

CONCLUSION
These results show widespread cognitive difficulties in children with PAE, but relatively limited differences in brain metrics and associations with age. Different brain-cognitive relationships were found in children with PAE compared to controls. Overall, the results provide additional evidence that PAE may lead to cognitive difficulties and disrupt typical brain-function relationships.


Over fifty years after its independence, the nation of Tanzania has built a complex system of courts along with intricate rules to govern them. Among those rules is Tanzania's Evidence Act, a prolix and confusing 56-page document with 180 subpoints, some of which contradict. In 2011, the Tanzanian government established a working group to examine the Evidence Act with the goal of reforming it, and invited the authors to Dar es Salaam to meet with stakeholders in the legal community and discuss revision of the law. This Article is the result. It examines both the British colonial origin and inconsistent modern application of Tanzania's evidence rules. The Article then identifies functional realities of the nation's judicial system that must be considered in adopting any potential reform, many gleaned from the authors' interviews and observations in Tanzania. The Article will serve as the first in a series about reform of Tanzania's Evidence Act, with a second piece suggesting a new framework for governing the use of evidence in Tanzania, and a third identifying methods vital for adoption and acceptance of the new rules.


Meiosis is a biological concept that is both complex and important for students to learn. This study aims to explore first‐year biology students' explanations of the process of meiosis, using an explicit theoretical framework provided by the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) model. The research was based on responses of 334 first‐year biology students to practical and examination questions about meiosis, together with student interviews. Students' written responses were coded, which resulted in a hierarchy of qualitatively different categories consistent with recent developments in the SOLO model. Most responses described a number of the less abstract elements of meiosis, but not in a coherent, relational manner, and interviews elucidated several areas of confusion about meiosis and its subordinate concepts. These findings are consistent with much previous research, and provide insights into both the use of the SOLO model as a research tool and students' understandings of meiosis. In conjunction with previous research, the results of this study raise questions beyond its local context about the match between students' apparent understandings and university expectations. The implications of the study relate to the use of terminology, the treatment of meiosis in textbooks, and some specific issues of pedagogy.


Mr. W. S. Patton : I wonder whether it is a good idea to make your own survey or get a regular company to take charge of it. I would like to know if anyone here had made any cantonment surveys, and whether or not they have pitometer surveys, and made a record? I understand that in Pittsburgh they make a pitometer survey every year. That looks to me awfully expensive. I would like to have one in my town. I wonder whether it is feasible to buy a pitometer and make it myself or get a pitometer company to do the work.


Based on the conventionally observed data at 11 weather stations from 1980 to 2007 in Jilin province,the spatial and temporal distributions of 100 glaze cases were analyzed by a statistical analysis method.The results indicate that the glaze weather often appears in the south of Jilin province,especially in hill area and the windward slope of Changbai Mountain and seldom in the north of Jilin province.The glaze weather mainly appears in the early winter and early spring,and the frequency of glaze events is reducing.The structure of vertical temperature stratification under glaze weather in Jilin province differs from that in other provinces in southern China where the melt layer and inversion layer for glaze weather occurred in Jilin province do not exist.By analysis of the ground situation,glaze weather was divided into four main patterns,i.e.the rear of low pressure,the front of high pressure,the south of low pressure and low pressure center.A deep backward-tilting trough at upper level moves over Jilin province,and temperature trough is behind the height trough.Temperature increases firstly and then decreases near ground layer.The relative humidity reaches about 70% at 850 hPa and 80% near the ground,respectively.Strong glaze weather often occurs in the southeastern region of Jilin province and its ground and upper situations are similar to the situations of general glazes,while its relative humidity is 10% more than that of the general glaze both at 850 hPa and near the ground.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a universal device including a means controlled by a control device forming part of the projector. This device shows the different operating characteristics in accordance with different applications imposed on it by the control device. In cooperation with the control device, the device in particular automatic adjustment of the projector, in particular convergence, geometry, focus, astigmatism, contrast modulation, gamma correction, soft-edge, automatic adjustment of adjacent and overlapping geometry They are used to. Further relates to a method invention that is used to perform the regulation Each of these automatically. Furthermore the same universal device signal decoding, signal testing and analysis, peak detection, RAM expansion, the coprocessor can also be used in other applications of the wireless information transmission or the like between at least two projectors.


Since the 2007/2008 Global Financial Crisis, there has been renewed interest in re-assessing the implications of financial development, specifically, financial deepening, on the financial system and the overall economy. Given that financial inclusion is a major crux of the Central Bank of Nigeria's (CBN) policies targeted at the financial sector, it became imperative to investigate this nexus for Nigeria. Utilising quarterly data from 2007Q1-2018Q4, this study employed a non-linear co-integrating ARDL model in assessing the relationship between financial deepening, financial fragility and economic growth in Nigeria. Findings suggest the existence of a positive relationship between financial deepening and growth, but a non-linear relationship between financial system fragility and economic growth. The study recommends that the CBN should identify high-risk sectors, with the aim of encouraging banks to reduce lending to them, while working with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to provide sector-product-backed securities to enhance funding to those sectors.


Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a technique which detects weak magnetic fields from above the surface of the head produced by electrical activity within the brain (Hamalainen et al., 1993). It is non-invasive, acoustically silent and able to measure a direct correlate of neuronal activity with sub-millisecond resolution. The technique is therefore well suited to clinical applications as it can readily be used in children and other populations who may not tolerate more demanding procedures such as fMRI or PET. Clinical applications of MEG, although currently limited, have developed in parallel with advances in hardware, software, analysis tools and general understanding of the technique as a non-invasive measure of biomagnetic neuronal activity. The goal of this review is to describe the advances made to date regarding the clinical applications of the technique and the potential areas for expansion and application in the future. Although much MEG research has been conducted in clinical populations, helping to provide an understanding of the pathology and manifestation of various categories of illness, it generally remains a technique used in the research laboratory rather than as a routine part of clinical evaluations. MEG is routinely used in research to investigate the dynamic neuronal processes involved in the representation of sensory systems such as vision, audition, somatosensation and movement. The technique is also readily applied to experiments studying more cognitive processes such as language perception, memory encoding and retrieval and higher level tasks. Non-invasive imaging of the human brain is potentially a very useful diagnostic tool in the identification, prevention and treatment of numerous disease and illnesses as it is able to study a range of cerebral functions. The main clinical application of MEG remains in the pre-surgical evaluation of patients suffering from epilepsy. In recent years, the technique has been applied to the study of a much broader range of symptoms and pathologies, however this is almost exclusively in the context of research on clinical populations rather than being a routinely used diagnostic procedure. The aim of this chapter is not to provide an exhaustive review of all studies which report the use of MEG scanning techniques on individuals from a clinical population. The aim is to give an overview of how the clinical applications of the technique have developed in parallel with purely methodological and empirical research applications and to highlight steps which are necessary for the technique to be more readily applied to a wider range of clinically relevant problems. The first part of this chapter gives on overview of the early uses of MEG in the patient care and treatment plan of individuals suffering from epilepsy. Again, rather than focusing on the many studies published in this area which provide evidence for 1


A method of the recognition of electricity equipments operation state (EEOS) is put up based on support vector machine (SVM). First Chinese character or number operation state images of electricity equipments are segmented with C-mean clustering. Then, feature vector of operation state image of electricity equipments is extracted using K-L transform. At last, classification method of SVM for state recognition is used. Experimental results show that classification method of SVM has better classification ability for classification of electricity equipments operating state, and can get better recognition result than that of neural networks. Comparing with all the kernel functions, kernel function of sigmoid is the best way to recognition of electricity equipments operation state.


As the number and diversity of Internet users continue to increase, Internet-based services—such as search engines and news websites—require more computing power in remote locations to satisfy user demand. Rather than hosting these services on a single centrally located server, companies are beginning to distribute the computing workload across thousands of servers worldwide. These distributed systems offer a number of advantages, including improved reliability and performance. However, designing and implementing a program that simultaneously runs on thousands of computers also introduces many new challenges to software developers, such as maintaining consistency across machines, evaluating performance, and detecting and recovering from errors. To better understand these challenges, we now consider the tasks required to develop a distributed system. We group these tasks into three distinct phases: design and implementation, large-scale testing and evaluation, and wide-area deployment. The design and implementation phase involves writing code that accomplishes the goals of the target system. Next, the testing and evaluation phase looks for potential problems with the initial system design and corrects any bugs that may hinder performance. It is important to thoroughly test the code in a variety of settings that represent several different potential usage models of the system. After determining that the code behaves as expected and achieves high performance in the test cases, the final step is to deploy the program across the Internet and evaluate its performance. We have developed a number of tools that simplify the tasks involved with each of these phases, as described below. While individually valuable, together these tools form an Figure 1. The ModelNet emulator allows developers to evaluate distributed systems in realistic network environments without modifying their code.


The present invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicine technology, and is especially one Chinese medicine for treating intrapulmonic infection and SARS. The medicine is prepared with Chinese ephedra, almond, gypsum, licorice, balloonflower root and other 14 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, and is prepared into capsule or oral liquid. The preparation process includes water washing, drying, crushing, sieving and packing; or washing, drying, decocting, merging medicine liquid, concentration, diluting with distilled water, bottling, sterilizing, cooling and sealing. The medicine may be used in treating intrapulmonic infection and preventing and treating SARS.


Assistive robots operate in complex environments and in presence of human beings, as such they are influenced by several factors which may lead to undesired outcomes: wrong sensor readings, unexpected environmental conditions or algorithmic errors represent just few examples. When the safety of the user must be guaranteed, a possible solution is to rely on a human-supervised approach. The proposed work presents a smart wheelchair, i.e. an electric powered wheelchair with semiautonomous navigation capabilities, whose user is equipped with a Brain Computer Interface. During the wheelchair navigation, possible problems (e.g. obstacles) along the trajectory cause the generation of error-related potentials signals when noticed by the user. These signals are captured by the interface and are used to provide a feedback to the navigation task, in order to preserve safety and avoiding possible navigation issues.


International tourism is one of the largest export industries in a great number of developed and developing countries. In many of the latter it is the main source of foreign exchange revenues. The tourism literature tends to ascribe to transnational corporations (TNCs) and foreign direct investment (FDI) a large and often dominant role in international tourism of developing countries. References – usually general, not substantiated with data – to a very high or even excessive dependence of developing countries' tourism on foreign ownership are frequent. This contrasts with an almost total lack of interest in tourism in TNCs and FDI literature. Except for a few articles, usually very old, on the hotel industry, the TNC literature, which typically examines thoroughly industries with significant TNC roles, has not paid much attention to tourism. Furthermore, an increasing number of developing countries has been trying, with mixed success, to attract FDI into tourism. Is there then too much or too little FDI in tourism in developing countries? This may, of course, vary from country to country, but if there is "too much", what would be policy implications? Should countries with too much FDI try to reduce it or, at least, not to let it grow, by imposing, for example, entry restrictions on foreign investors in tourism? This would be out of line with the dominating trend in developing countries' FDI policy, which has not only been, for some two decades, its liberalization, but increasingly, also FDI promotion. The purpose of the paper is, applying concepts, definitions and methodologies from the TNC literature, to look into some of these puzzles, especially those related to the role of TNCs and FDI in tourism in developing countries. Given the prominence attributed to TNCs, how globalized is tourism in terms of foreign ownership and the role of foreign affiliates, as compared to other industries? If TNCs are so dominant in tourism in developing countries, and tourism is a large or often one of the largest activities in these countries, tourism should also be one of the largest FDI industries, accounting for a high share of foreign capital inflows. The paper, after addressing these questions, examines also the impact of FDI in the hotel industry and includes a case study on the role of FDI in Tanzania's tourism.


We studied the effects of adjusting the low level energy discriminator (LLD) for positron volume imaging (PVI) mode acquisitions using a GE Advance PET system. NEMA scatter fraction and count loss measurements were performed for a 20 cm right circular cylinder at LLD between 300 keV and 450 keV. From these data, noise equivalent count rate LLD (NECR) curves were calculated to estimate effects of LLD on scans of head sized objects. To evaluate the effect of LLD on whole-body image quality, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values were obtained from images processed without attenuation or scatter correction. CNR data were acquired for 1.6 cm and 1.0 cm spherical lesions within the liver region of a Data Spectrum torso phantom scanned with arms, and activity outside the field of view. The results indicate that the NECR for a head-sized object is fairly insensitive to LLD differences between 300 keV and 425 keV for activity concentrations up to 0.4 /spl mu/Ci/cc. The NECR improved slightly for higher concentrations with 375 keV<LLD<425 keV. Torso phantom images processed without scatter or attenuation correction show some CNR improvement with increasing LLD up to 425 keV for clinically relevant activity concentrations.


The present study replicates and extends previous research regarding the effects of self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) within a schoolwide positive behavior support model among students with writing difficulties who also had either internalizing or externalizing behavior patterns. Two multiple-probe designs, involving 13 second-grade students, are reported. Students with internalizing behaviors (5 girls, 1 boy) and those with externalizing behaviors (1 girl and 6 boys) learned how to plan and write persuasive essays using the SRSD model of instruction. Lasting increases in persuasive essay elements as well as improvements in length and quality of writing were found across both groups of students. Both rating scales and interviews indicated high social validity among classroom teachers and students. Limitations and directions for future research are presented.


BACKGROUND :
AIDS is a disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus and
featured by immunosuppression leading on to opportunistic infection secondary neoplasm's and neurological manifestations. According to WHO HIV is a pandemic. The mortality due to opportunistic infection is more. The opportunistic infection occurred when there was a decrease of cd4 counts.
METHODS :
A prospective study was conducted in Thanjavur medical college thanjavur with an objective to determine the various CNS manifestations associated with HIV and its relation with the CD4 counts. All the seropositive aged more than 14 yrs with CNS manifestations where included in the study. Clinical examinations, CT, MRI, serology, CSF analysis were done and diseases where diagnosed based on respective criteria's. CD4 counts where done and co related with the diagnosis. A total of 40 cases were studied.
RESULTS :
The infection was common among males. The people aged between 30-39 where affected the most. Tuberculosis was the most common infection. Toxoplasma and tuberculoma presented with focal neurological signs. One case of progressive multifocal keukoencephalopathy was observed, he presented with seizures. Seizure was also seen with toxoplamosis and neurocysticercoisis. Most of qall the cases had headache as the commonest symptom. CNS TB had mean CD4 count of 217, cyptococcal meningitis had a mean count of 130, toxoplasmosis with a mean count of 104, PML with 286.Two cases of stoke were observed and it was attributed to direct virus infection and they had a mean count of 323. Three cases of the 22 tb cases had TB lymphadenitis, intestinal TB AND TB pericarditis.
CONCLUSION :
The various cns manifestations studied were TB meningitis,
cryptococcal meningitis, tuberculoma, toxoplasmosis, PML, stoke, ATM. TBM was the most common infection observed. TB occurred over a range of CD4 counts so cannot be used as a AIDS defining illness. The mortality for CNS TB was more when it occurred with low CD4 counts. Headache was the most common presentation.


Investigates the effects of day of the week on work group performance at a contractor‐operated, government‐owned facility that tests aerospace propulsion systems. Focuses on individual employees′ contributions towards group performance and excludes the effects of mechanical failures and test equipment problems on group performance. Using five performance measures; hypothesizing that performance, as directly attributed to the employees, would be better on Monday and Friday than performance on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, found results were significant for two of the performance measures. Discusses results and implications for future research.


Sleep complaints are a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior studies examining sleep abnormalities in PTSD are inconsistent, with some reporting objective sleep changes including associated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), possibly due to moderating variables including advancing age, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and medications. We sought to compare sleep disorders and objective and subjective sleep metrics in service members with and without PTSD while controlling for these potential confounders.

 Case-controlled observational cohort study performed at an academic military sleep center. Detailed sleep history, sleep-related questionnaires, trauma history, and video-polysomnography was performed. Patients with a history of TBI, abnormal neuroimaging, or psychoactive medication use (antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics) were excluded.

 Patients (N=169, 124 males) were active duty service members (median age 37.1 years) reporting a sleep complaint. Of these, 43 (25.4%) had PTSD vs 126 (74.6%) without PTSD. In patients with PTSD vs no PTSD, there was no significant difference in the rate of OSA, mean total sleep time, sleep efficiency, mean apnea-hypopnea index, sleep stage percentage, or any other polysomnogram (PSG) variable. Stage N3 sleep was non-significantly increased in patients with PTSD (18% vs 14%, p=0.078). Subjective sleepiness was similar between those with and without PTSD (Epworth Sleepiness Score 12.9 vs 11.9, p=0.35). However, subjective insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index 20.4 vs 15.2, p< 0.0001) and perceived sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 15.4 vs 11.1, p< 0.0001) were worse in those with PTSD vs no PTSD.

 In a relatively young active duty cohort with no history of psychoactive medication use or TBI, patients with PTSD had more subjective sleep complaints than those without PTSD but objective sleep parameters, including PSG variables and OSA rate, did not differ significantly. The higher stage N3 (slow wave) sleep percentage, though not statistically significant, suggests that PTSD patients sleep better in a monitored sleep lab than in their habitual sleeping environment.


Several low-level features such as colour, texture and shape are used in Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. This paper presents two enhanced features for CBIR. The first method enhances colour moments by taking edge information into account. The colour distributions of image pixels are analyzed for three types of edges: horizontal edge, vertical edge and one non-directional edge. A distance measure is computed based on the colour distribution of each edge type. Then the resultant distance measures are combined to obtain a similarity measurement for retrieval. The second feature is based on the combination of colour coherent vector (CCV) and colour moment properties of images. In this method, the pixels within the three-colour buckets (R, G and B) are classified as either coherent or incoherent based on the area covered by it. Then the first, second and third order moments are separately computed for coherent and incoherent pixels. The methods have successfully been tested with an image database that consists of 1000 images of different categories. Experiment results show that the proposed features are more effective for CBIR than the individual features.


The current study presents some experimental results for examining the maximum heat fluxes in pool boiling of saturated water at atmospheric pressure on partly ill-wettable heating surfaces. The experiment was carried out on the electrically heated horizontal strip, at the center of which an artificially ill-wettable portion was installed. The boiling regime on the ill-wettable portion at very low heat fluxes is nucleate boiling whose behavior closely resembles a transition one. Alternatively stable vapour film is formed on this portion at comparatively low heat fluxes of 5×104kcal/m2hr to 105 kcal/m2hr that depend on the geometrical dimension of ill-wettable area and thereafter the simultaneous nucleate-film boiling is realized. Accordingly, in such a system, while the maximum heat fluxes are prescribed by the transition to film boiling for large sizes of ill-wettable part, the formation of stable vapour film is not clear for small sized ill-wettable part on account of drastic hydrodynamic interaction of nucleate boiling. Parallel to the experimental measurements of heating surface temperature at the center of ill-wettable portion for simultaneous nucleate-film boiling regime, simple analytical calculations were performed and, in consequence, favorable consistencies were obtained for the wide ranges of heat fluxes and ill-wettable dimensions of interest.


To solve the sparse matrix problem of learning resource recommendation algorithm based on collaborative filtering, a hybrid recommendation algorithm combining user learning behaviour and rating is proposed. First of all, learning behaviour characteristics are defined and different characteristics are given weight values; then, according to the user's learning behaviour log, the method of weight accumulation to calculate the user's learning behaviour value of resources is used; finally, the learning behaviour matrix and rating matrix is used to build a hybrid collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm. Experimental results show that the hybrid recommendation algorithm has lower root mean square error than the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm.


Superlattice nanowires and nanoribbons are categorized as axial superlattice nanowires and lateral superlattice and planar superlattice nanoribbons according to their superlattice stacking directions. We analyze the dependence of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and select-area electron diffraction results on the different diffraction configurations of these superlattice structures. By use of the analysis, we have identified the formation of planar superlattice structures in In-doped ZnO nanoribbons by XRD and cross section transmission electron microscopy investigations. The In-doped ZnO superlattice nanoribbons are formed by alternately stacking layers of In/Zn-O and In-O along ZnO (001) direction, resulting in a nanoribbon with (001) polar surface as its wide surface.


The aims of this letter are two. First, to show the angular gauge-invariance on the response of interferometers to gravitational waves (GWs). In this process, after resuming for completeness results on the Transverse-Traceless (TT) gauge, where, in general, the theoretical computations on GWs are performed, we analyse the gauge of the local observer, which represents the gauge of a laboratory environment on Earth. The gauge-invariance between the two gauges is shown in its full angular and frequency dependences. In previous works in the literature this gauge-invariance was shown only in the low frequencies approximation or in the simplest geometry of the interferometer with respect to the propagating GW (i.e. both of the arms of the interferometer are perpendicular to the propagating GW). Second, as far as the computation of the response functions in the gauge of the local observer is concerned, a common misconception about interferometers is also clarified. Such a misconception purports that, as the wavelength of laser light and the length of an interferometer's arm are both stretched by a GW, no effect should be visible, invoking an analogy with cosmological redshift in an expanding universe.


MEMBER, IEEE, AND HENK C. A. V~ TILBORG The fact that the general decoding problem for linear codes and the general problem of finding the weights of a linear code are both NP-complete is shown. This strongly suggests, but does not rigorously imply, that no algorithm for either of these problems which runs in polynomial time exists.


Thank you very much for reading family first your step by step plan for creating a phenomenal family. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this family first your step by step plan for creating a phenomenal family, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


Summary form only given. This paper discusses organizational changes in development projects in various process industries due to new product development. In general, process industries have had stable markets and have just been concerned with process development with a focus on economy-of-scale, i.e. to manufacture products at as low a price as possible. But, today, these industries are also affected by the rapid changes in both their markets and in their technology. Product development teams must have an increased awareness of the products' place in the value chain. It will also have implications on how product development members must act towards customers and suppliers. Another implication is what kind of competence product development teams need so that they can cope with the change of relationship towards suppliers and customers. The research is based on telephone and personal interviews. The purpose is to give implications of what kind of trend there is today in various industries and what impact this trend has on the organization of product development projects and the strategic competence supply to deal with this change. The focus in this paper is on the current trend in a range of different industries, the similarities and differences, in Swedish companies that have development projects.


In this paper, we establish a new fixed point theorem for a Meir-Keeler type contraction through rational expression. The presented theorem is an extension of the result of Dass and Gupta (1975). Some applications to contractions of integral type are given.


We have examined the effects of ingestion of chemically denatured ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. Both 8 M urea‐denatured OVA (UD‐OVA) and carboxymethylated UD‐OVA (CM‐OVA) were purified by gel filtration. Specific IgG antibody and systemic delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to OVA were not suppressed by CM‐OVA fed prior to or after immunization with OVA in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). When CM‐OVA was used instead of OVA for immunization, serum IgG and DTH responses to CM‐OVA were orally tolerized by OVA, but not by UD‐OVA or CM‐OVA. Studies of antigen uptake in mice using sandwich ELISA tests showed that OVA, but not CM‐OVA, was absorbed after antigen ingestion. In vitro studies further demonstrated that CM‐OVA was digested much more rapidly than OVA. Moreover, studies using bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrated that both IgG and DTH responses to BSA were orally tolerant to BSA, but not to denatured BSA. Finally, studies using human gamma‐globulin (HGG), a well‐known tolerogen, also found that the IgG antibody response to HGG was not orally tolerized by denatured HGG. These results suggest that complete denaturation of globular proteins may affect their processing and absorption in the gut and thus abrogates oral tolerance induction.


Amniotic band syndrome is an unusual congenital condition characterized by manifestations of disfigurement and disablement. Patients with this condition may experience an array of clinical deformities, including constriction rings, digital defects, and even visceral defects. Although this disease has been identified for centuries, its etiology is still unknown. The present male patient was born by cesarean section at 34 weeks and 4 days of gestation. At birth, an amniotic band that encircled and constricted his right upper limb was observed. Four hours after the amniotic band was cut off, amputation was performed because the right limb remained insensate. The patient suffered from amniotic band syndrome and presented with a gangrenous limb leading to amputation at birth, which is extremely rare. Moreover, the patient's mother suffered from a uterine septum, which has not been previously reported in this situation. Timely surgical treatment avoided further tissue necrosis threating the patient's life. This rare case of amniotic band syndrome provides new clinical evidence for the "extrinsic theory".


Received:April 6, 2017, Revised:May 8, 2017, Accepted:May 22, 2017 Corresponding to:Young Ho Lee, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea. E-mail:email@example.com Copyright c 2017 by The Korean College of Rheumatology. All rights reserved. This is a Open Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article pISSN: 2093-940X, eISSN: 2233-4718 Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 24, No. 4, August, 2017 https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2017.24.4.211


Opposite to the mainstream academic view that little attention was paid to legal system building in the anti-corruption campaigns in the early stage of the People's Republic of China ("New China"), this article focuses on not only the mass movement but also the establishment of a legal system in that period. Supported by numerous historical data, this article argues that a fundamental legal system for anti-corruption has actually been built in the early years of the New China. The Party Central Committee, Government Administration Council (renamed State Council), Discipline Inspection and Supervision Departments, and political-legal departments enacted and enforced a complete set of preliminary anti-corruption regulations and provisions conforming to the national conditions. Accompanying discipline inspection and supervision system and judicial system were also built. Criminal laws, administrative rules and regulations at that time all embodied the goal to combat corruption. When studying anti-corruption campaigns in the early days of the New China, some scholars ignored the establishment of the laws and regulations and considered the mass anti-corruption campaign to be legal nihilism, asserting that what Chairman Mao was constructing was "rule of the masses under the concept of rule of man," and "the legal system was never considered as the basic policy and practice." In fact, the truth is completely contrary to what these scholars believed. Shortly after its establishment, the New China enacted and enforced a complete set of disciplines for management, politics, and finance. She also promulgated criminal regulations and established a judicial and supervisory system to suppress corruption.


Pointed out that the mining of region-wide has a close relation with the form of concentrated static load,needed by locally rock burst to occur.An regional preparedness idea of rock burst was brought forward,which based on the concept of dredging method of wide concentrated static load.Analysed the feasibility of adjust and effect law of high concentration stress of rock burst coal bed,by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.It is indicated that the system of regional preparedness of rock burst,which based on the burst seam identification,stress testing,mining method selection,roadway location identification,protection layer mining and the orderly mining of the same coal bed,can avoid or reduce the high stress concentration.The study results give a guidance for design stage of the new mine,new mining area or new level design phase of producding coal mining to prevent rock burst.


This article aims to analyze the preponderant factors influencing the behavior of auctioneers working for the Barreira do Inferno Launching Center (CLBI) in electronic purchasing processes. The research used references from the theory of purchasing, analyzing organizational and motivational aspects, as well as aspects related to knowledge and abilities. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with auctioneers. As a result, it was possible to identify that the main factors influencing the auctioneer's behavior at CLBI were the lack of recognition of the strategic importance of their role, lack of exclusive dedication and specialization.


The negative-dimensional integration method is a technique which can be applied, with success, in usual covariant gauge calculations. We consider three two-loop diagrams: the scalar massless non-planar double-box with six propagators and the scalar pentabox in two cases, where six virtual particles have the same mass, and in the case all of them are massless. Our results are given in terms of hypergeometric functions of Mandelstam variables and also for arbitrary exponents of propagators and dimension D.


Ninety-six concordant zircons from the mouth of the Mississippi River, which show no age zonation, were selected to represent six time U/Pb intervals previously identified from zircon dating, and analyzed for Lu-Hf and O isotope by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS and SHRIMP II, respectively. eHfi values for the zircons show that the overwhelming majority of the grains crystallized from melted pre-existing continental crust, or mantle derived magmas that were contaminated by continental crust. The average Hf model age, if weighted by fraction of zircons in the river load, is1.94 Ga, but 2.35 Ga if weighted by area, which compares with equivalent Nd model ages of 1.7 Ga and 2.36 Ga respectively. Our preferred approach is to use the measured O isotope values to constrain variations in the 176 Lu/ 177 Hf ratio of the granitic source region from which the zircons crystallized. This method gives an average Hf model age of 2.53 Ga.


There are several reasons for monitoring of underground structures and they have already been discussed many times, e.g. from the view of ageing or state after accidental event like flooding of Prague metro in 2002. Monitoring of Prague metro is realized in the framework of international research project sponsored by ESF-S3T. The monitoring methods used in Prague are either classical one or new or developing one. The reason for different monitoring methods is the different precision of each method and also for cross-checking between them and their evaluation. Namely we use convergence, tiltmetres, crackmetres, geophysical methods, laser scanning, computer vision and finally installation of MEMS monitoring devices. In the paper more details of each method and obtained results will be presented. The monitoring methods are complemented by wireless data collection and transfer for real-time monitoring. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.


The policy agriculture insurance Beijing mode(Beijing mode) is the Beijing municipal government through the financial support of the commercial insurance pattern of agricultural production and operation activities of the insurance policy.Beijing mode no matter for agricultural production and operation or agriculture insurance company has produced good policy operation performance.Because Beijing model of its strong financial support to the model for most other provinces,the city,the area of the agricultural insurance development difficult,including financial pressure,trade negotiations and possible future national agricultural insurance unified system establishment.