This is a beautifully presented book. The layout of the chapters is clear, subheadings are generous and help orientate the reader. The book '. . . is directed at the "busy clinician"' as well as '. . . groups such as the police, probation officers and teachers'. It achieves this aim admirably. Unfortunately it may be too basic for many psychiatrists. However, we all have our areas of relative ignorance and those who have belatedly woken up to public concern about suicide prevention may find this book a handy little primer. The editor Danuta Wasserman is a prominent researcher from Stockholm which is a WHO collaborating centre on suicide research and prevention. Her authors are well respected, but I couldn't help noticing that she herself features solely or in combination with others in 17 of the 32 chapters. The chapters are orientated in eight sections. The first on epidemiology is clear but superficial. The next includes a theoretical model of suicidal behaviour which is neat from a medical perspective but does not do justice to socio-cultural issues. The chapter on neurobiology of suicide is clear but provides few clues as to what accounts for the unfavourable neurobiology other than genes. It is time biological psychiatrists looked beyond their test tubes to factors that activate genetic and biochemical potential. For example, amongst bees, workers and queens have the same genes at birth. Environmental factors determine whether they develop as workers or become totally reproductively orientated queens. The third section has a number of chapters on the basic psychological disorders associated with suicide. Unfortunately for psychiatrists, this involves introductions to the various disorders that we are all familiar with and then superficial coverage with respect to suicide. One chapter on adjustment disorders and suicide is only two pages long with almost one of them being a case history. Such brevity limits the depth of coverage. A chapter on the suicidal patient – doctor relationship needs to be applauded. Few texts discuss this most important aspect of suicide prevention. The chapter on psychological treatment of suicidal patients is another highlight. It examines cognitive behaviour therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy and interpersonal therapy in a simple but clear way. Coverage on pharmacological management was less impressive with the author seemingly having greater success with benzodiazepines than I can attest to. The chaos of disinhibition, not to mention dependency, that I encounter in the few patients I risk these agents with, seems not a problem in his practice. He also unfortunately advocates thioridazine which might put one at risk of litigation. Suicide in the elderly provides a balanced coverage of this area in contrast to the chapter on adolescent suicide which is excessively clinical. Coverage of examples of successful suicide prevention in psychiatry is a breath of fresh air. At times it appears that nothing really works when often this impression may be a product of research difficulties. It emphasises the efficacy of Lithium with respect to reducing suicide mortality in major affective disorders. Clozapine looks promising in reducing suicide schizophrenia. Hopefully, some of the less dangerous atypicals may also offer promise in this respect. The need for long-term treatment as distinct from past overemphasis on crisis intervention is justified. Successful innovations including letter writing, telephone support for the elderly and others, illustrate the potential of imagination. The section on when to hospitalise a suicidal patient may further strain the collapsing Australian medical indemnity industry as it appears to suggest that all patients with major depression with anxiety and agitation or psychoses warrant immediate hospitalisation. A chapter on perestroika in the former USSR was illuminative showing the encouraging decline in suicide rates associated with Gorbachev's early reforms, characterised by openness and freedom. Unfortunately this did not last and as unofficial alcohol production rose strikingly, so did suicide rates. It is notable that 8 of the 10 nations with the highest suicide rates in the world are from the former Soviet Empire. The final section entitled 'Public Health Perspective' is striking for its lack of consideration of this. Fleeting mentions of public health approaches do occur earlier in the text, but it is notable that in the index basic terms such as 'primary, secondary and tertiary prevention' are nowhere to be found – nor are synonyms eg. early intervention. Psychiatrists preferring a more in depth text would be better advised to try The International Handbook of Suicide and Attempted Suicide edited by Hawton and van Heeringen.


The Urbani Code has pursued two goals: to be an operational tool to defend and to valorise the Italian cultural
heritage; to arrange the interaction between National and Regional Governments. Libraries and Archives are also placed in this framework but Urbani Code considers them as "storage places" more than research tools: libraries and archives are "sons of a minor god". In conclusion, the article points that the Urbani Code has lost an opportunity
to recognize the status of "cultural heritage" for libraries and archives, too.


The characterization of small complex CP ramic packages with (monolithically) integrated microwave circuits is investigated using full-wave methods In order to correctly design packaged radio frequency (RF) chips, the consideration of the package has become an indispendible part of the chip design process, as the electrical properties of the package have a great impact on the performance of the KF chips For an effectise simulation, a segmentation hetween the chip and i& immediate environment, such as, the package, is investigated, and a suitable interface hetween chip and package is proposed to prove the validity of the interface, the simulation of the packaged RF device, which is pieced together from the full-nave simulation of the package and the simulation of the RF chip, is compared to the corresponding measurement Simulation and measurement of the packaged RF device wee very well.


We study (a generalization of) the notion of linked determinantal loci recently
 introduced by the second author, showing that as with classical determinantal loci, they
 are Cohen-Macaulay whenever they have the expected codimension. We apply this to prove
 Cohen-Macaulayness and flatness for moduli spaces of limit linear series, and to prove a
 comparison result between the scheme structures of Eisenbud-Harris limit linear series and
 the spaces of limit linear series recently constructed by the second author. This
 comparison result is crucial in order to study the geometry of Brill-Noether loci via
 degenerations.


Mesoamerican spaces correspond to well defined in prehispanic urban patterns were drawn with geometric concerning strictly linear attachment. Its use and function in some cases to date are poorly known, however, the writers were able to reconstruct much of the referents of use. The intent of these spaces was very important in this vast architectural complex. In addition to its main streets and avenues, squares were elements of a good deal and rhythmic foundations, palaces, access, assembly houses and craft workshops, which acted as modulators and distributors of prehispanic urban areas. It is the intention of this paper to evaluate the role and importance of the stroke of Mesoamerican urban plazas.


Virtual machine migration represents a new challenge to design efficient and practical migration algorithms that work well with hundreds or even thousands of VMs and servers. In our previous work, we advocated the use of a general stable matching framework from economics to solve networking problems, and showed that it offers unique advantages compared to utility-based optimization, using a simple procedure of deferred acceptance. In this paper, we apply this framework to the VM migration problem, and propose an egalitarian approach that finds a stable matching fair to both VMs and servers, instead of favoring either side as a result of the deferred acceptance procedure. Such an egalitarian stable matching that minimizes the total rank sum of the outcome is shown to be a sensible notion of fairness under mild conditions, and through simulations is demonstrated to offer superior results.


Background Human embryonic stem cells (HESC) readily differentiate into an apparently haphazard array of cell types, corresponding to all three germ layers, when their culture conditions are altered, for example by growth in suspension as aggregates known as embryoid bodies (EBs). However, this diversity of differentiation means that the efficiency of producing any one particular cell type is inevitably low. Although pancreatic differentiation has been reported from HESC, practicable applications for the use of β-cells derived from HESC to treat diabetes will only be possible once techniques are developed to promote efficient differentiation along the pancreatic lineages. Methods and Findings Here, we have tested whether the transcription factor, Pax4 can be used to drive the differentiation of HESC to a β-cell fate in vitro. We constitutively over-expressed Pax4 in HESCs by stable transfection, and used Q-PCR analysis, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, Ca2+ microfluorimetry and cell imaging to assess the role of Pax4 in the differentiation and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis of β-cells developing in embryoid bodies produced from such HESC. Cells expressing key β-cell markers were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after staining for high zinc content using the vital dye, Newport Green. Conclusion Constitutive expression of Pax4 in HESC substantially enhances their propensity to form putative β-cells. Our findings provide a novel foundation to study the mechanism of pancreatic β-cells differentiation during early human development and to help evaluate strategies for the generation of purified β-cells for future clinical applications.


This paper deals with the description and application of a reactor analogue computer. Reactor operational and training problems suitable for analogue computer solution are dealt with and present trends in design and application indicated.


The invention discloses application of momordica grosvenori pomace to cultivating pleurotus eryngii. Momordica grosvenori pomace powder is mixed with cottonseed hulls, bran, land plaster and calcium carbonate so as to prepare composts for cultivating the pleurotus eryngii. The new cultivating raw materials for cultivating the pleurotus eryngii are provided, and the high yield and the high quality of the pleurotus nebrodensis can be achieved; in addition, waste can be used, and waste recycling is achieved.


A large proportion of the population in the developing world can benefit from blockchain. In this article, the authors discuss key concerns that have been raised regarding institutions in the developing world and evaluate the potential role of blockchain to address them.


ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. pollen grains, pollen mother cells, root tip squashes, stomata size, stomata density SUMMARY. Determination of ploidy is an essential plant breeding technique. Laboratory exercises for teaching students how to determine ploidy in plant tissues using various tech- niques are described for geranium and onion. The different methods include root tip squashes, pollen mother cell squashes, pollen grain size and germinal pore counts, stomata size and density determination, and gross morphology. T he determination of ploidy level is an essential technique in plant breeding and genetics. Many crops represent one species in a polyploid series; others are ploidy chimeras. Ploidy deter- mination is used extensively on plants regenerated from tissue culture as ploidy variation is common. Chromosome loss can occur often after interspecific hybridization. The objective of this laboratory is to teach students basic techniques for determining ploidy in plants. Not all of the mentioned techniques may be successful for determining plant ploidy of every crop. Therefore several techniques are presented in order to allow the student to select the technique that is most appro- priate for a given species. Laboratory setup PLANT MATERIAL. Geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) will be used for pollen mother cell squashes, pollen grain size and germinal pore counts, stomata size and density and macroscopic morphological comparisons. Onion (Allium cepa L.) will be used for root tip squashes. Both diploid and tetraploid forms of geranium can be easily purchased or grown. Diploid geraniums are sometimes referred to as seedling geraniums and are sold as bedding plants. Tetraploid gerani- ums are propagated primarily by cuttings and are often sold as potted plants. Macroscopic morphological differences between the two ploidy forms make them easily distinguished. Diploid and tetraploid plants should be used when flowering in order to obtain pollen and pollen mother cells. Onions purchased from a supermarket are suitable.


Introduction: Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the loss caused by long-term exposure to vigorous noise and exposure to it is continued on average 85 decibels dB (A) for eight hours per day, where structural changes occur in the ear Objective: To analyze the noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in workers' health, in the environment in which they are exposed. Methodology: It is an integrative review where, for its operationalization, six stages were proposed by Mendes, Silveira and Galvão (2008). The survey was carried out through the SCIELO and LILACS databases, in Portuguese and English, with articles from 2006 to 2019, using the descriptors Noise-induced Auditory Loss and Worker's Health and Health Education. Results and Discussion: found 13 articles, of which 05 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, totaling 08 studies analyzed. In the analysis of the study object, two categories emerged: Noise-Induced Auditory Loss (NIHL) and Educational Interventions by the Health Professional on Hearing Loss at Work. The studies revealed the presence of the nurse as a primary element in the analysis of detection, prevention and as a strategic educator in NIHL. Conclusion: It is necessary to implement measures of noise control at source and the implementation of prevention strategies through educational measures.


The purpose of this exploratory action research study was to examine how the modeling by a collaborative team of instructors regarding technology integration and information literacy would affect the quality of the lessons that elementary teacher-education students designed and taught in their field placements. The research was conducted over two distinct years with two different cohorts of methods students placed at a local elementary school that had received new interactive whiteboards, SMART boards, in every classroom at the beginning of the previous school year. Based upon field-supervisor/instructor observations, reflections, and oral and written feedback from host-teachers and students, an analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the interventions. Findings suggest that teacher education students' level of engagement increased regarding the integration of technology, information literacy, ethical information use, and children were more engaged and actively involved during the teaching of methods students' mathematics and science lessons.


The concept of the suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC) for unsaturated soil is presented. Particle-scale equilibrium analyses are employed to distinguish three types of interparticle forces: (1) active forces transmitted through the soil grains; (2) active forces at or near interparticle contacts; and (3) passive, or counterbalancing, forces at or near interparticle contacts. It is proposed that the second type of force, which includes physicochemical forces, cementation forces, surface tension forces, and the force arising from negative pore-water pressure, may be conceptually combined into a macroscopic stress called suction stress. Suction stress characteristically depends on degree of saturation, water content, or matric suction through the SSCC, thus paralleling well-established concepts of the soil–water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity function for unsaturated soils. The existence and behavior of the SSCC are experimentally validated by considering unsaturated shear strength data for a variety of soil types in the literature. Its characteristic nature and a methodology for its determination are demonstrated. The experimental evidence shows that both Mohr–Coulomb failure and critical state failure can be well represented by the SSCC concept. The SSCC provides a potentially simple and practical way to describe the state of stress in unsaturated soil.


The action of alcohol on neuronal pathways has been an issue of increasing research focus, with numerous findings contradicting the previously accepted idea that its effect is nonspecific. The human NP22 (hNP22) gene was revealed by its elevated expression in the frontal cortex of the human alcoholic. The sequences of hNP22 and the rat orthologue rNP22 contain a number of domains consistent with those of cytoskeletal‐interacting proteins. Localization of rNP22 is restricted to the cytoplasm and processes of neurons and it colocalizes with elements of the microfilament and microtubule matrices including filamentous actin (F‐actin), α‐tubulin, tau, and microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2). Withdrawal of Wistar rats after alcohol dependence induced by alcohol vapor produced elevated levels of rNP22 mRNA and protein in the cortex, CA2, and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus. In contrast, there was decreased rNP22 expression in the striatum after chronic ethanol exposure. Chronic ethanol exposure did not markedly alter rNP22 colocalization with F‐actin, α‐tubulin, or MAP2, although colocalization at the periphery of the neuronal soma with F‐actin was observed only after chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal. Rat NP22 colocalization with MAP2 was reduced during withdrawal, whereas association with α‐tubulin and actin was maintained. These findings suggest that the effect of chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal on rNP22 expression is region selective. Rat NP22 may affect microtubule or microfilament function, thereby regulating the neuroplastic changes associated with the development of alcohol dependence and physical withdrawal. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


These findings have enormous public health implications in South Africa and the developing world where infection with HIV-1 and HSV-2 coexist. There is an urgent need to recognise HSV-2 infection among populations at risk especially the young and to provide treatment and counselling about condom use. Results from a recent study have shown that condoms can effectively reduce HSV-2 transmission. Identification of new HSV-2 infection in pregnancy may indirectly impact on mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. While rapid tests for HIV-1 and syphilis are available no such test is available for HSV-2 screening. Priority should be given to the development of rapid HSV-2-specific tests. There is a need to integrate HSV-2 and HIV-1 prevention efforts in all countries at risk of increasing HIV-1 infections. Intensive efforts and funding are currently invested in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. This study has shown that equally there is an urgent need to develop an HSV-2 vaccine in order to curb the spread of both HIV-1 and HSV-2. (excerpt)


The aim of this article is to give an overview of the developments in the theory of the asymptotic expansion for stochastic processes of continuous time. Today we know two typical methods of asymptotic expansion: the martingale approach and the mixing approach. These methods are complementary to each other. The martingale approach was found first and applied to derive an asymptotic expansion for ergodic diffusion processes. However, if the diffusion process satisfies a sufficiently nice mixing condition, then the mixing approach is more effective. On the other hand, the martingale approach is still useful when the higher-order terms do not obey an asymptotic normal law, which makes it impossible to apply the mixing approach. Such examples are seen in a stochastic regression model with a long memory explanatory variable, and in estimation of a volatility parameter over a finite time interval. In the latter example, the data is strongly time dependent, so that it requires a global estimate of the smoothness of random variables. In this sense, the martingale approach is also called the global approach. Contrarily, the mixing approach is called the local approach since the regularity often comes from a local (in time) estimate of the characteristic function. We will focus our attention on the mixing approach in this article. In Section 2, we recall a stochastic process having the "� -Markovian" structure as an underlying stochastic process. The � -Markov model written in continuous time may seem to be complicated, however it has an advantage because nonlinear (Markovian) time series models are included in the present model by natural embedding. Section 3 gives an illustrative application. We demonstrate an ap


Agencies charged with conservation of marine ecosystems and those charged with management of human activities in the sea have developed along independent paths. For either type of agency to achieve its objectives, the objectives of both must be compatible and both must employ policies, programs, and management measures that at least do not conflict and ideally are synergistic. However, differences in governance between marine and terrestrial jurisdictions present impediments to this coherence because key coordinating mechanisms are absent or organizations lack mandates to act. The community of conservation professionals can facilitate policy coherence among the diverse agencies with responsibilities for conservation or sustainable use of marine ecosystems by providing consistent, objective science advice. In terrestrial ecosystems, populations and species' habitats are linked to defined locations, and in at least most countries, rules of ownership and governance of places are clearly delineated. Individual property rights and associated obligations are legally or culturally codified. The jurisdictions of agencies responsible for managing human uses of ecosystems are specified, and where multiple agencies or levels of government (local to federal) have overlapping interests, there is always a governance level with the authority to resolve conflicts and reconcile programs. For example, the Canadian Species at Risk Act (2002) has specific provisions for reconciling provincial authority over lands with federal requirements to recover listed species for which the lands may be critical habitat. These governance provisions may not always function effectively, but they exist. Most concepts and tools for conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity evolved in the contexts of terrestrial governance and terrestrial ecosystems. To be effective in marine ecosystems, the concepts and tools must adapt to distinct features of those ecosystems. For example, in marine systems many populations and features of species' habitats are not as tightly linked to places as is typical in terrestrial systems (Bakun 1996). Additionally, the sizes of individuals within predator and prey species in the sea often affect their interactions more strongly than in terrestrial systems, where the species of predators and prey largely determine who eats whom (Blanchard et al. 2009; Hartvig et al. 2011). Policies and tools for marine conservation and fisheries management are increasingly taking these ecological features of marine ecosystems into account (Rice & Ridgeway 2009). Governance and policy-making environments are also different for the oceans than for land. Typically different agencies are mandated to regulate different human activities in the sea. This is particularly the case beyond the 200-mile limit of national jurisdictions, where, for example, fishing is regulated by regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) coordinated by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization, shipping is regulated by the International Maritime Authority, and seabed mining is regulated by the International Seabad Authority. Until very recently the treaties or agreements creating these intergovernmental organizations narrowly defined their missions as sustainable use of the ecosystem components they actually used directly. The RFMOs were expected to keep harvested stocks at productive levels; shipping agencies were expected to ensure human safety, efficient transport, and that shipping was not releasing known pollutants into the sea. Adoption of an ecosystem approach (FAO 2003) is a priority framework in United Nations resolutions for agencies that regulate marine industries; thus, these agencies have been given broader mandates and are being held more accountable. For example, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 61/105 requires fisheries management agencies to identify and protect "vulnerable marine ecosystems" from "significant adverse impacts" and manage bycatch of species that cannot sustain high incidental mortality (FAO 2008). Shipping agencies now must identify "particularly sensitive sea areas," ensure that shipping does not interfere with the special features of these areas (IMO 2006), and must minimize the probability that ballast waters will introduce non-native species into aquatic ecosystems (IMO 2004). All these agencies are developing science-based guidance for meeting these new mandates (IMO 2006; FAO 2008). Additionally, there are other intergovernmental organizations with mandates for conservation, such as the Secretariat for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).


Abstract Microphysical measurements performed during the Small Cumulus Microphysics Study (SCMS) experiment are analyzed in order to examine the instrumental limitations of forward scattering spectrometer probes (FSSPs). Complementary information collected with a modified version of the instrument, the Fast-FSSP, are used to address crucial issues such as the size calibration of the spectrometers and the effects on the measured spectra (distortion and broadening), of beam inhomogeneities, of variations of the sampling section, and of the coincidence of particles. Their impact on the calculation of liquid water content is evaluated by the comparison with measurements performed with a hot-wire probe and a particle volume monitor. In addition to the statistical approach that aims at evaluating the typical uncertainty of the measurements, special attention is given to the identification of circumstances under which some of the instrumental limitations combined are likely to affect significantly the accuracy o...


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between upper radical construction and lower radical construction. We prove that the lower radical property determined by a class of rings can be obtained by using the method of upper radical construction.


In this article, we present a new method based on the securisation of an IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) address obtaining with the SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) method in the domestic network. The particularity of our domestic network is the presence of several Multihoming Internet service providers. The peripherals of the Home Network domain, especially routers are in charge of the relay of auto configuration messages coming from various routers of internet access providers. Our method allows the routers of the Home Network domain to filter the announcements of autoconfigurations called RA (Router Advertisements) according to the IPv6 addresses sources contained in the messages of autoconfiguration. The decision to relay or reject these announcements is based on a trusted table built from the addressing information obtained from the NDP protocol. Our method also aims to optimize the traffic in the Home Network domain by organizing routers to give them specific roles for the relay of information for autoconfiguration.


The structure of ice cream is revealed through low-temperature techniques for both light and electron microscopy. Cold-stage light microscopy facilitates the study of ice crystal development and subsequent image analysis quantifies the process. Freeze substitution and fixation at -80°C, -40°C, and -20°C, followed by low-temperature dehydration, embedding and polymerization with ultra-violet light, still at -20°C, protects the arrangement of constituents for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The high resolution of TEM allows for a detailed examination of interfaces. Low-temperature techniques protect binding sites for improved staining efficiency. Sectioned material stained for light microscopy using amido black for proteins and leucobasic fuchsin for carbohydrates is used to evaluate distribution, gel formation and interactions. Silver proteinate staining of carbohydrates and immuno-gold labeling provides definitive identification of proteins to promote a greater understanding of the effect of formulation, processing and storage on ice cream structure.


The article discusses a new project of the Sverdlovsk region, which includes the development of the Sverdlovsk Railway and organization of two transport and logistics centers within the Sverdlovsk hub, which together form the main dry port of Russia. The new TLCs will increase the volume of cargo transported from west to east and from east to west, as well as store and reload cargo from one mode of transport to another.


Samples of settled dusts from roadsides and a 24-storey residential building in the city of Xi'an, China were collected between June, 2009 and September, 2010. Physical characterization and chemical analysis of these samples show that the daily average dust deposition rates at the residential building varied from 0.13 to 0.18 g m-2 day-1 (average 0.13 ± 0.02 g m-2 day-1); Bi, Pb and Zn were significantly enriched in the road dusts; the average value of T-Hg content in the road dusts (85.67 ± 47.53 ng g-1) was higher than that (64.16 ± 23.98 ng g-1) in the samples collected from the residential building. These results suggest that automobile emissions and industrial combustion processes might contribute to the high rates of dust deposition and high level of toxic elements in the city.


Two- to four-layered [3.3](3,5)pyridinophanes (PyPs) have been synthesized by the (4-tolylsulfonyl)methyl isocyanide (TosMIC) method. The coupling reaction between 3,5-bis[2-iso-cyano-2-(4-tolylsulfonyl)ethyl]pyridine (TosMIC adduct) and bis(chloromethyl) or tetrakis(bromomethyl) compounds in the presence of sodium hydride in N,N-dimethylformamide or sodium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium iodide under high-dilution conditions gave the two-layered dione or three- and four-layered tetra-ones. Wolff-Kishner reduction of the ketones afforded the desired two- to four-layered [3.3](3,5)PyPs. The structure of the dione units take an anti geometry whereas the cyclophane units take a syn geometry in solution.


The pathophysiological effects of marijuana smoke and its constituent cannabi‐ noids were reported first from in‐vitro and in‐vivo experimental studies. Marijuana smoke is mutagenic in the Ames test and in tissue culture and cannabinoids inhibit biosynthesis of macromolecules. In animals, marijuana or Δ‐trahydrocannabinol (THC), the intoxicating material it contains, produces symptoms of neurobehavioural toxicity, disrupts all phases of gonadal or reproductive function, and is fetotoxic. Smoking marijuana can lead to symptoms of airway obstruction as well as squamous metaplasia. Clinical manifestations of pathophysiology due to marijuana smoking are now being reported. These include: long‐term impairment of memory in adolescents; prolonged impairment of psychomotor performance; a sixfold increase in the incidence of schizophrenia; cancer of mouth, jaw, tongue and lung in 19‐30 year olds; fetotoxicity; and non‐ lymphoblastic leukaemia in children of marijuana‐smoking mothers.


The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the routing protocol used to route Internet's traffic between different Autonomous Systems. The BGP can control the traffic but it is vulnerable to communication interruptions and failures. This weakness could be the source of a several security attacks which could cause serious damages to the inter-domain network. The objective of this paper is to introduce briefly BGP, to present its vulnerabilities, and also to survey some proposed solutions for securing BGP. The paper introduces three secured versions of BGP, secure-BGP (sBGP), secure-origin BGP (soBGP) and pretty-secure BGP (psBGP). It discusses their advantages and identifies their limitations.


Expounding on the Jungian concept that the human soul has both male and female dimensions, the author describes how male-female relationships are influenced by, and must take into account, the feminine part of a man and the masculine part of a female.


Bangladesh is one of the third world countries having many opportunities in corporate sector. Today, Business has to some dynamism with their products otherwise consumer will not attract of their product. E-business, e-commerce, and e marketing have been promoted as the rescuer of the business world and a catalyst to twenty-first century performance in the global marketplace. Now we have new word corporate Governance in the Bangladesh context. This paper presents the meaning, scope, importance and the implementation of corporate governance practices in Bangladesh. It also examines the internal mechanisms like the board of directors, their independence, the challenges faced by institutional investors, the role of internal and external communication mechanisms, whistle blowers and th e legal protection needed for them to ensure corporate governance practices. Successful corporate governance depends largely of trade-off among the various conflicting interest groups like Government, Society, Inventors, Creditors, and Employees of the organization. The basic governance issues related to the effectiveness and accountability of board of directors. This paper further examines the external mechanisms through like corporate forums, media analysts, structural reforms and governance ratings to incorporate corporate governance codes into corporations. In addition, the researchers try to recommend regarding governance that can help a lot for developing corporate sectors in Bangladesh.


The ability to manipulate a flow field to improve efficiency or performance is one of the leading areas of research of many scientists and engineers in fluid mechanics. Active manipulation of separated flows over airfoils at moderate and high angles of attack has been the focus of a number of investigations for many years. The objective of these investigations is to improve the wind turbines aerodynamic performance and increase their operational range by inducing complete or partial flow reattachment. One of the main methods used in active flow control is the usage of blowing devices with constant and pulsed blowing. Through CFD simulation over a 2D wind turbine airfoil, this study is trying to highlight the impact of pulsed blowing over its aerodynamic characteristics.


Abstract The title compound 3 has been synthesized from 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-nitroso-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride (1) via compound 2. Azide reduction of 3 is accompanied by O→N-acetyl migration to afford N-acetyl-N-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-hydroxyimino-β-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl) amine (4), also characterized as its Z and E peracetates. On the basis of IR, 1H NMR and X-ray structural data from compound 4, its β-NHAc configuration, (Z) 2-hydroxyimino, and °S2 conformation, were established.


This study is motivated by the low ability of students in solving story problems at MTsN 4 Aceh Utara. Based on initial observations, students have not been able to understand the story questions, namely determining what is known and asked, students have not been able to determine the formula or method used, and students have not been able to determine the final answer to the story questions, therefore this study aims to determine the effect of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition learning model on the ability to solve story problems in class VIII MTsN 4 Aceh Utara. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research design and a posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups. The population of this study was all students of class VIII MTsN 4 North Aceh. The sample in this study was class VIII C as the control class and class VIII D as the experimental class which was obtained by purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used in this study is a test in the form of a posttest. Data analysis was carried out to test the ability to solve story problems using the t-test because the data were normally distributed and homogeneous, the data was processed using SPSS 18 software. The normality test used the Shapiro Wilk technique, the homogeneity test used the Levene test, and the hypothesis test according to the test criteria was if significant <0.05, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, whereas if the significant value is 0.05, then H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. From the statistical significant results, Equal Variances assumed is 0.00 less than 0.05. Thus, the conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition learning model on the ability to complete stories in class VIII MTsN 4 Aceh Utara.


This study is a comprehensive investigation of Saudi university EFL classroom interactants' [faculty & students] awareness towards various dynamics of code switching (hereinafter CS). The participants comprised of 100 faculty members and 100 students drawn from Taif University English Language Center [henceforth TUELC]. A 22 item questionnaire was adapted on a Likert-scale to elicit their perceptions related to various functions of CS in a Saudi EFL classroom context. The results revealed that both groups [faculty & students] indicated almost the same results as far the attitudes towards the reasons that prompt CS in the EFL classroom are concerned but they showed comparatively wider differences towards perceptions of the awareness of CS in Saudi EFL universities classrooms (section 1) and perceptions of the subjective norms of CS in Saudi EFL universities classrooms (section 2) of the questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that Saudi EFL classroom interactants bear quite positive attitudes towards CS. It is also found that the participants of this study have a strong urge to learn the English language and for the specified purposes of the role of CS is authenticated by the respondents. During the analysis, the results of the study indicated that both respondents [i.e. faculty & students] agreed to use CS, but utility of different functions vary in their perceptions. Moreover, in the light of the data analysis, trends were determined among groups to measure the significance of each function of CS. In short, this work tried to understand the significance of mother tongue [hereinafter MT] and target language [henceforth TL] in the EFL context of Saudi universities.


Two triphase catalysts of comb-like polyethers supported by silicas were synthesized,and their catalytic behavior in the iodo-substitution,etherization and the addition reaction of dichlorocarbene to styrene were also studied.The results show that the triphase catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity and reusability.


The antibacterially-active substance composition consisting of mecillinam and (2S,3S)-3-((Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-((carboxymethoxy)imino)acetam ido)-2-((carbamoyloxy)methyl-4-oxo-1-azetidinesulphonic acid (compound A), or pro-drugs and/or pharmaceutically usable salts thereof, has a pronounced synergism against Enterobacter strains which are resistant to mecillinam and which are only moderately sensitive to compound A.


ABOUT CAMPUS / JANUARY–FEBRUARY 2015 Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) © 2015 by American College Personnel Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. DOI: 10.1002/abc.21175 levels of thriving while in college. We had conceptualized thriving as a vital engagement in the college experience, intellectually, socially, and psychologically, and defi ned spirituality in three ways: as reliance on a higher power beyond oneself, as a foundation for one's approach to life, and as a source of strength during difficult times. Regardless of whether students were attending secular or faith-based institutions, the degree to which they agreed with these statements was moderately predictive of their thriving. As a practitioner, my own experience with students supported this fi nding, yet I had also noticed that those students of color who were thriving the most on my predominantly white campus seemed to have a stronger spiritual grounding than those who were struggling to survive. In this article, I will explore some aspects of my research from the Thriving Project described by my colleague Laurie Schreiner in the previous issue of About Campus. I'll also provide some recommendations SINCE THE TURN of the millennium, there has been a signifi cant change in the way that higher education has approached the role of spirituality in the academy. From Patrick Love and Donna Talbot's challenge in 1999 to fi ll the spiritual development gap in student aff airs, to Alexander Astin, Helen Astin, and Jennifer Lindholm's comprehensive synthesis of the results of the Spirituality in Higher Education study in 2011, to Jenny Small's 2014 edited volume Making Meaning: How Student Aff airs Came to Embrace Spirituality, Faith, Religion, and Life Purpose, researchers and practitioners alike are recognizing how students' spirituality shapes the learning process and infl uences students' growth and development during the college years. I have been a member of Laurie Schreiner's research team exploring college student thriving since 2007. We had noticed that students' level of spirituality was a signifi cant predictor of the variation in their Eric James McIntosh expands the discussion of the role of spirituality in the


Although work-life 'balance' is an EU policy priority, within Europe there are considerable variations in the nature and extent of supports that national governments have offered to dual-earner families. In general, the Nordic welfare states offer the highest level of supports, although other countries, such as France, have historically offered extensive childcare supports to working mothers. We examine national variations in reported levels of work-life conflict, drawing upon questions fielded in the 2002 Family module International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) surveys for Britain, France, Finland, Norway and Portugal. We find evidence of a 'societal effect' in the cases of Finland and Norway, in that significantly lower levels of work-life conflict are reported in these countries even after a range of factors have been controlled for. However, support for childcare in France does not appear to have had a similar impact. Further explorations of the data reveal that the domestic division of labour is relatively traditional in France, and that this is associated with higher levels of work-life conflict.


This paper describes an adapatation of the tf-idf model to Japanese graphemephoneme alignment, without reliance on training data. The tf-idf model is optionally complemented with affixation and conjugation handling modules, and determines frequencies through analysis of "alignment potential". The proposed system achieved a maximum accuracy of 94.74% on evaluation.


This paper describes an epitaxial growth method, device fabrication, and characterization for InP/InGaAsSb double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs). A compositionally graded InGaAsSb base with large variation of the conduction band (126 meV) can be formed simply by modulating the CBr4 flow in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A fabricated InGaAsSb-base DHBT exhibits fT = 501 GHz, fmax = 503 GHz, and breakdown voltage of 5.3 V. From the high-frequency characteristics, average electron velocity is estimated to be 4.0 × 10 7 cm/s. These results indicate that the compositionally graded InGaAsSb base is useful for increasing the average electron velocity and boosting fT.


Abstract—Presented here is a first attempt to model the Swiss academic pathway. By using a system of time-discrete recursive equations, we illustrate the mechanism leading to a decline of the career prospects of postdocs in Switzerland. We also study the impact of an increase in the number of assistant professors with tenure-track (APTTs), and we present an overview of possible measures to help alleviate the bleak career prospects for early-stage researchers in Switzerland. All the code and the data are freely available on GitHub with the hopes that those who are interested will pick up and further expand this project.


Blind source separation (BSS) of audio signals in echoic environments such as an office room is still a very challenging problem. Here we approach the problem from a practical perspective and shed light on how robust a two channel echoic parametric demixing can get. We assume that an oracle (i.e. a perfect estimator) provides a truncated estimate of the mixing FIR filters for a given source configuration. This way we can study the properties of a parametric demixer using the adjoint of the truncated mixing matrix. For several degrees of truncation, we compute how the separation SNR varies as a function of the uncertainty of the true source position. The true source position is uniformly distributed within a sphere of radius R around an assumed position, to reflect the fact that parameters of interest are imprecisely estimated. Simulations of artificial echoic mixings show that the higher order demixing filters have little robustness to position uncertainties (and therefore to errors of estimation) while the overall performance remains almost constant beyond the second order approximation. This should represent a guideline for what is practically achievable with a class of BSS techniques in echoic environments.


This article introduces the coupled oscillator energy exchange model (COEEM) which simulates experimentally observed human brain EEG signal dynamics. This model is in some ways similar to the Kuramoto model, but essentially differs in that the Kuramoto model oscillator amplitude is constant, while the COEEM model oscillator amplitude is dependent on the phase of the oscillators. The reasoning behind the COEEM model construction is based on an energy exchange and synchronization simulation in a localized brain area using (i) the coupled oscillators approach and (ii) experimental (non-filtered and filtered) EEG observations. For this purpose, we proposed a unique and very narrow spectral band prognostication and superposition method of just 0.01-0.1 Hz. It has been shown that the COEEM model, is suitable not only for accurate short term prognoses of human brain EEG signal dynamics (several ms) but also for the long term (several seconds). In the latter case, for the chosen mind states and EEG channel prognostication, we created and effectively applied a method for the superposition of prognostication results for very narrow spectral bandwidths. In short, based on the promising prognostication results for the real EEG signals, we infer that the oscillatory model presented here well simulates energy exchange features characteristic to localized human brain activations dynamics.


─ The propagation of electromagnetic waves guided in tunnels and mines is an area of scientific study which is hard to model due to multiple reflections on walls and surrounding obstacles. A novel propagation model for underground tunnels based on the weighting sum of the log-distance propagation model, the modified waveguide model and, the far zone propagation model for the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band is proposed in this paper. The propagation model is divided into five regions based on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Each region shows a different propagation characteristic and modeled with weighting sum of the base propagation models. Our model was tested in a tunnel with 2 m x 1.5 m cross-section and 250 m length. Measurement results are consistent with the proposed propagation model. Index Terms ─ Propagation modeling, underground tunnel, underground communications.


Objective To understand the status of the residents in Baoshan District of Shanghai on the KAP of smoking control and the effectiveness of public place for smoking control after promulgated Ordinance of Shanghai Public Place for Smoking Control(called Ordinance for short).To offer scientific basis for the government and related department for making policy.Methods Stratified multiphase cluster sampling method was used.An initial survey was conducted on the schools,restaurants,hospitals and so on as well as part of workers and persons blocked in public places in Baoshan District.Subsequently,follow-up evaluations on the knowledge,attitude and behavior alterations of the residents and environment observation was conducted one month,half a year after Ordinance promulgated.Results One year after Ordinance promulgated,the average knowledge of the residents on smoking control had been increased from 79.48% to 89.80%;the rate of residents who agreed with nonsmoking in public places had been increased from 57.25% to 69.12%;the smoking rate in public places had been decreased from 32.47% to 20.95%.As is shown by environment observation,the overall phenomenon of smoking control in public places improved,however,the phenomenon of smoking in restaurants and recreation places were severious.Conclusion The overall status of knowledge,attitude and behavior of residents on smoking control had been improved,and phenomenon of smoking in public places had been control on the some extent.


The first attempt to view the fundus stereoscopically was made in 1861 when Felix Giraud-Teulon of Paris invented a binocular ophthalmoscope constructed by Nachet. At that time the source of illumination was from a gas or oil lamp. The instrument was difficult to use and was not popular. Although the instrument enabled detection of elevations of the retina such as retinal detachment, there was nothing the surgeon could do to remedy it. This also contributed to its lack of popularity. Surgical reattachment of the retina had to wait for another 65 years until the pioneering work of Jules Gonin.

An improved model followed in 1862 invented by …


Just as industrial capitalism relied on the exploitation of labor, so does communicative capitalism rely on the exploitation of communication. Communicative capitalism is that economic-ideological form wherein reflexivity captures creativity and resistance. Expressions of dissent enrich the few and divert the many. The media practices we enjoy, that enable us to express ourselves and connect with others, reassemble dissent into new forms of exploitation and control.


A guide to healthcare industry terms which includes words, phrases, abbreviations and acronyms used in: managed care; healthcare administration; quality improvement; insurance and reimbursement; ambulatatory care management; health and information; and social work.


ANEURYSMS OF THE CORNARY ARTERIES FORM in up to one-quarter of patients with untreated Kawasaki disease, and are of concern because of late thrombosis and myocardial infarction, particularly those that exceed 8 millimetres in diameter, which can be considered giant coronary aneurysms. Non-invasive imaging is valuable for serial follow-up of such patients. We show images from a 15-year-old boy with an aneurysm of the main stem of the left coronary artery detected on echocardiography, but with its distal extent beyond the range of the ultrasonic probe. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance coronary angiography was able to demonstrate the proximal 8.3 centimetres of the aneurysmal left coronary artery, with a pixel size of 1.1 by 0.7 by 0.5 millimetres in a ... in a breath hold, steady state free precession coronary sequence (Fig.). Each of the four images shown here (A, B, C, and D) was piloted by successively cross-cutting the previous one along the dotted lines shown. The aneurysm commenced 5 millimetres from the orifice of the artery, and measured 33 by 16 millimetres. Proximal to the aneurysm, the origin of the left main stem measured 3 by 5 millimetres and, distal to it, the diameter of the left anterior descending artery was 3 by 4 millimetres. It was reassuring that a patent lumen was seen distal to the aneurysm (arrow in panels C and D). Cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance showed no regional abnormality of the ventricular wall, and the late gadolinium study showed no evidence of late enhancement, excluding damage to the myocardial tissues. Close follow-up of this single giant aneurysm is required, nonetheless, because of the risk of coronary arterial stenoses. As illustrated by this patient, cardiovascular magnetic resonance provides accurate, non-invasive imaging, which may reduce the frequency of, or obviate the need for, ionising radiation from repeated cardiac catheterization, radioisotope myocardial perfusion imaging, or cardiac computerised tomography. A potential limiting factor in younger patients may be the need to employ sedation or anaesthesia so as to obtain the necessary cooperation to achieve a complete study.


A 70-year-old man presented with acute coronary syndrome 3 weeks after plastic stent insertion for hilar biliary stricturing secondary to IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). Imaging demonstrated haemopericardium due to proximal migration of the plastic biliary stent through the liver capsule and diaphragm into the pericardial sac. The stent was endoscopically removed and a pericardiocentesis was performed. The patient's clinical condition rapidly improved. We illustrate an unusual but potentially serious complication that may arise from migration of a biliary stent and discuss a management strategy.


Abstract Tomato plants were grown in sand culture with NH+ 4, and NO− 3, forms of N and three levels of light. Plants supplied with NH+ 4, nutrition under high light intensity had symptoms of stunting, leaf roll, wilting, interveinal chlorosis of the older leaves, and one third the dry weight of N03‐fed plants. In contrast, growth of plants receiving NH+ 4, nutrition under shade appeared normal although dry weight was reduced. NH4‐N nutrition suppressed K, Ca and Mg accumulation in tissues and increased P contents as compared to NO3‐N nutrition.


Many vehicle tracking systems are based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) due to the wide areas covered by these services. In these systems, the GPS coordinates of a moving vehicle is encapsulated in an SMS and transmitted to the monitoring server. In this paper, a GPS-GSM based system is designed and implemented to economically track vehicles moving over wide geographical areas. A scheme is proposed to reduce the number and cost of the used SMS messages. Performance evaluation under hypothetical and practical test cases showed the capability of the proposed system to achieve significant cost reduction. The proposed system also provides a trade-off between cost reduction and tracking accuracy. This enables the designer to select suitable system parameter values to minimize the cost for a given level of tracking accuracy.


The rapid growing of the internet creates a new way for the companies to disseminate their business informations in better quality,low costs, and can reach the wider users. Although the Internet provides some benefits in corporate disclosure practice, not all companies presenting their business informations on the internet. In other words, there are various factors that influence the practice of internet business reporting (IBR). This study aims to examine the potential factors that may affect the level of IBR. Such as firm size, profitability, listing age, auditor type, industry type, foreign-listing status, and competition of industry.Internet Business Quality Index (IBRQ Index) is used to measure the level of  internet business reporting on the Indonesian listed companies. By using purposive  sampling methods, 259 companies were chosen. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the determinants of the internet reporting, the results show that firm size and foreign-listing status positively and significantly influences to IBR; profitabilitiy, auditor type and industry type positively and unsignificantly influences to IBR; listing age negatively and significantly influences to IBR;competition of industry negatively and unsignificantly influences to IBR.


— Electrical lighting accounts for a significant contributor to total electrical energy consumption. Lighting has an energy effect that is not limited to the energy consumption of light fixtures. It also contributes significantly to the building's heat burden. WWR and glazing systems are the most significant factors that affect the electrical lighting and cooling energy consumption of a building. Reduction in WWR means a reduction in solar heat gains and accordingly in cooling energy consumption, otherwise it means increasing in lighting energy consumption. Nanogel windows as highly energy-efficient windows have the greatest potential for improving the thermal performance, daylight


This paper presents an indicator analysis of the impact of the characteristics of an electronic ignition system on the operating conditions of a two-stroke spark ignition engine. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder two-stroke engine equipped with a combustion pressure sensor using the apparatus for recording fast-varying signals. The influence of changes of the ignition angle of advance at constant engine speeds on the engine operating indicators was analysed. The assessment of the impact of the changes to the settings of the ignition system was analysed in terms of thermodynamic conditions: combustion pressure and average effective pressure. It was found that the ignition angle of advance has positive influence on engine operating conditions and uniformity of engine operation. As a measure of non-uniformity of engine operation were accepted the coefficient of variation of the engine speed and the mean indicated pressure. It was indicated that, along with the ignition angle of advance, the indicators of two-stroke engine operation also increase with simultaneous increase in the non-uniformity of engine operation.
Keywords: two-stroke engine, ignition system, combustion, thermodynamic analysis


It has taken place several times at a power plant that the condensate return water temperature and the vacuum temperature of the sixth,seventh and eighth streets of theair-cooling condenser are much lower than that of other streets,accompanying water lever waving in the exhaust steam device.The flow condition of the condensate in ACC is analyzed with the exclusive method,which concludes that there is air leakage on the B side of the main condensate return water pipe of the three streets.Therefore,some measures against the leakage are put forward to address these issues.


This study identifies opportunities for the Lao PDR to increase the benefits it derives from GMS projects, particularly economic corridors. It emphasizes that regional governance arrangements can never be a substitute for national governance arrangements. Instead, national policies, capacities, and implementation arrangements will determine how the Lao PDR can maximize the potential benefits from GMS projects.


The paper explores the impact of the analyst's pregnant body on the course of two analyses, a young man, and a young woman, specifically focusing on how each patient's visual perception and affective experience of being with the analyst's pregnant body affected their own body image and subjective experience of their body. The pre‐verbal or 'subsymbolic' material evoked in the analyses contributed to a greater understanding of the patients' developmental experiences in infancy and adolescence, which had resulted in both carrying a profoundly distorted body image into adulthood. The analyst's pregnancy offered a therapeutic window in which a shift in the patient's body image could be initiated. Clinical material is presented in detail with reference to the psychoanalytic literature on the pregnant analyst, and that of the development of the body image, particularly focusing on the role of visual communication and the face. The author proposes a theory of psychic change, drawing on Bucci's multiple code theory, in which the patients' unconscious or 'subsymbolic' awareness of her pregnancy, which were manifest in their bodily responses, feeling states and dreams, as well as in the analyst s countertransference, could gradually be verbalized and understood within the transference. Thus visual perception, or 'external seeing', could gradually become 'internal seeing', or insight into unconscious phantasies, leading to a shift in the patients internal object world towards a less persecutory state and more realistic appraisal of their body image.


Qingdao land reserve center is working around the goal and actively responding to changes in the market,making scientific land supply plan,reducing the cost of real estate development,and doing land reserve well.It will promote healthy and stable development of land reserve,and promote the moving of a number of enterprises in old cities.It will provide land supply service for economic development and various livelihood projects in Qingdao city.


This research focuses on how ambivalence works within the case of a Surabaya born singer, Wieteke Van Dort through her song Geef Mij Maar Nasi Goreng. The colonial power that lasted the longest time in today Indonesia was the Dutch administration. The Dutch people living in this area, experienced ambivalence, as the result of the challenging condition and the process of adaption where it was completely enigma to the condition of the motherland. Therefore, this study is conducted as a challenge to dichotomy of western vs eastern division in which extremely opposes each other. This research was descriptive qualitative in nature. The theory of ambivalence proposed by Homi Bhabha was used as an underlying theory. Postcolonial approach was also applied in analyzing Wieteke Van Dort's ambivalence. The data were in the form of lyrics of a song entitled Geef Mij Maar Nasi Goreng.  The research findings prove that through the lyrics of Geef Mij Maar Nasi Goreng, Wieteke Van Dort experiences ambivalence through her complex feeling in being attracted to her "native" Surabaya and her repulsion on the inferior Javanese culture. The research also shows that the western people, through the life of Wieteke Van Dort through her song Geef Mij Maar Nasi Goreng, experience ambivalence. It challenges the notion of nativeness in a sense that Wieteke Van Dort, as a native of Surabaya by birth, is ironically rejected by the other natives because of the judgment by blood. Western people, represented by Wieteke Van Dort, truly experience ambivalence.


win has tentatively put forward the suggestion, which in the hands of the press has assumed a more definite and sensational form, that the buildings were really an Irish monastery established by sailor monks, like those who settled in Iceland before the Norse occupation there in the latter part of the ninth century. Such monks in the New World might, he thinks, have been seeking solitude beyond the sea and peace from Viking raiders. Mr. Goodwin has with great kindness and generosity allowed the writer to examine the site and to use all his histori-


A thermal storage device for storing heat generated in the compressor, provided with a thermal storage heat exchanger (34) accommodated in the heat storage tank 32, the heat storage tank (32) for accommodating the heat storage material for storing heat generated in the compressor, the heat storage heat exchanger the joint portion was placed so as not immersed in the heat storage material.


BACKGROUND:This study was carried out to establish an efficient sample preparation for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols (BPs) in river water samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sample preparation was examined with conventional extraction methods, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and their efficiency was compared with validation results, including linearity of calibration curve, method detection limit (MDL), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. METHODS ANDRESULTS:The BPs (bisphenol A, BPA; bisphenol B, BPB; bisphenol C, BPC; bisphenol E, BPE; bisphenol F, BPF; bisphenol S, BPS) were analyzed using GC-MS. The range of MDLs by SPE and LLEmethods was 0.0005 0.0234 g/L and 0.0037 0.2034 g/L, and that ∼ μ ∼ μ of LOQs was 0.0015 0.0744 g/L and 0.0117 0.6477 ∼ μ ∼ μ g/L, respectively. The calibration curve obtained from standard solution of 0.004 4.0 g/L (SPE) and 0.016 16 ∼ μ ∼ g/L (LLE) showed good linearity with r μ 2 value of 0.9969 over. Accuracy was 93.2 108% and 97.4 120%, and ∼ ∼ precision was 1.7 4.6%and 0.7 6.5%, respectively. The ∼ ∼ values of MDL and LOQ resulted from the SPE method were higher than those from the LLE method, particularly those values of BPAwere highest among the BPs. Based on the results, the SPE method was applied to determine the BPs in river water samples. Water samples were collected from mainstream, tributary and sewage wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs) in the Yeongsan river basin. The concentration of BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF and BPS were not detected in all sites, whereas BPA was ranged 0.0095∼ 0.2583 g/L, which was 0.0166 0.0810 g/L for μ ∼ μ mainstreams, 0.0095 0.2583 g/L for tributaries, 0.0352 ∼ μ 0.1217 g/L for SWTPs. ∼ μ CONCLUSION: From these results, the SPE method was very effective for the simultaneous determination of BPs in river water samples using GC-MS. We provided that it is a convenient, reliable and sensitive method enough to *Corresponding author: Tae-Woo Kang Phone: +82-62-970-3990; Fax: +82-62-970-3999; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com *Co-Corresponding author: Jae-Han Shim Phone: +82-62-530-2135; Fax: +82-62-530-0219; E-mail: email@example.com Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture Korean J Environ Agric. 2017;36(3):154-160. Korean Online ISSN: 2233-4173 Published online 2017 September 28. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2017.36.3.25 Print ISSN: 1225-3537 를 이용한 하천수 중 계 화합물의 동시분석 및 GC-MS Bisphenol


The present study was conducted to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two doses of oral midazolam as premedication in pediatric patients undergoing surgeries under general anesthesia. Forty children aged 1-5 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two groups and received oral preparation of midazolam in two doses of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg in two groups respectively, 30 minutes before separation from parents. They were assessed for patient's acceptance of the medication , reaction to separation from parents, sedation scores and recovery conditions. With regard to children's reaction to separation from their parents, the number of comfortable children was more in group B (18,90%) as compared to group A (15,75%). On arrival to the operation room eight children (40%) had satisfactory sedation scores in group B as compared to 5(25%) in group A. Satisfactory sedation score was also higher in group B (10,50%) as compared to group A (4,20%) after reversal of residual paralysis. Time to spontaneous ventilation and extubation and time from pre-medication to full recovery were not different in two groups. Oral midazolam in a dose of 0.75 mg/kg is an acceptable, effective and safe premedication in children aged 1-5 years.


The invention relates to a method for using an electronic coupon, in particular to a method which is used for completing the use of the electronic coupon by combining the electronic coupon in a consumption ticket. The method is realized by a cashier POS (Point Of Sales) machine, an intelligent terminal, a ticket printing machine, a communication network and a server; the intelligent terminal is arranged between the cashier POS machine and the ticket printing machine, and the intelligent terminal is connected with the server through the communication network; the electronic coupon can be printed on the ticket through the ticket printing machine by virtue of the intelligent terminal. According to the method for using the electronic coupon, disclosed by the invention, the electronic coupon is printed on the consumption ticket, and the using situation of the electronic coupon can be conveniently known by a customer; meanwhile, convenience is provided for a merchant to count and check.


This paper presents a generalised new formula for impulse-invariant transformation which can be used to convert an nth-order Discrete-Time (DT) ΔΣ modulator to an nth-order equivalent Continuous-Time (CT) ΔΣ modulator. Impulse-invariant transformation formulas have been published in many open literature articles for s-domain to z-domain conversion and vice-versa. However, some of the published works contain omissions and oversights. To verify the newly derived formulas, very many designs of varying orders have been tested and a representative 4th-order single-loop DT ΔΣ modulator converted to an equivalent CT ΔΣ modulator through the new formulas are presented in this paper. The simulation results confirm that the CT ΔΣ modulator which has been derived by these formulas works in accordance with the initial DT specifications without any noticeable degradation in performance in comparison to its original DT ΔΣ modulator prototype.


The relict bog populations of Eupithecia gelidata Moschl. in South Bohemia are obligatoril y assoc iated with Ledum palustre L. , which is here the dominant shrub, all Salix species being absent. In the subarctic and boreal populations of E. gelidata, alternative food plants are willows (Salix spp.). Under laboratory conditions, larvae of the Bohemian populations can accompli sh the ir development feeding on Salix , but Ledum is clearly preferred. The larvae li ving on Ledum and Salix are usually differently coloured. Thus, in spite of the different food plants and coloration of the larvae, the spec ies seems to be taxonomically homogeneous.


Given a graph G, the Minimum Dominating Trail Set (MDTS) problem consists in ̄nding a minimum cardinality collection of pairwise edge-disjoint trails such that each edge of G has at least one endvertex on some trail. The MDTS problem is NP{hard for general graphs. In this paper lower and upper bounds for the MDTS problem on general graphs are presented.


Although we believe academic researchers have a critical role to play in transformative systems change for social and ecological justice, we also argue that academic institutions have been (and continue to be) complicit in colonialism and in racialized, patriarchal capitalism. In this essay, we argue that if academia is to play a constructive role in supporting social and ecological resilience in the late stage Capitalocene epoch, we must move beyond mere critique to enact reimagined and decolonized forms of knowledge production, sovereignty, and structures for academic integrity. We use the pandemic as a moment of crisis to rethink what we are doing as PAR scholars and reflect on our experiences conducting PAR during the pandemic. A framework is presented for the reimaging of institutional support for the embedding of scholars in local social systems. We propose an academy with greater flexibility and consideration for PAR, one with increased funding support for community projects and community engagement offices, and a system that puts local communities first. This reimagining is followed by a set of our accounts of conducting PAR during the pandemic. Each account begins with an author's reflection on their experiences conducting PAR during the pandemic, focusing on how the current university system magnified the impacts of the pandemic. The author's reflection is then followed with a "what if" scenario were the university system changed in such a way that it mitigated or lessened the impacts of the pandemic on conducting PAR. Although this framework for a reimagined university is not a panacea, the reliance on strong in-place local teams, mutually benefiting research processes, and resources for community organizations putting in the time to collaborate with scholars can overcome many of the challenges presented by the pandemic and future crises.


Both quantitative and qualitative measures of directional spatial relationships (e.g., left, right, above) between two raster objects in a digital image are important for high-level computer vision tasks such as scene analysis and robot navigation. The histogram of forces can provide such measures, but cannot be computed in real-time. A new approach for real-time computation, based on a vector representation of raster objects, is presented. The performance of the proposed approach is examined in an extensive experiment. Considering processing time and accuracy, optimal assessments of directional spatial relationships for use in real-time applications can be obtained.


Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-based additive manufacturing (AM) has the flexibility in fabricating parts with complex geometries. However, using non-optimized processing parameters or using certain feedstock powders, internal defects (pores, cracks, etc.) may occur inside the parts. Having a thorough and statistical understanding of these defects can help researchers find the correlations between processing parameters/feedstock materials and possible internal defects. To establish a tool that can automatically detect defects in AM parts, in this research, X-ray CT images of Inconel 939 samples fabricated by LPBF are analyzed using U-Net architecture with different sets of hyperparameters. The hyperparameters of the network are tuned in such a way that yields maximum segmentation accuracy with reasonable computational cost. The trained network is able to segment the unbalanced classes of pores and cracks with a mean intersection over union (mIoU) value of 82% on the test set, and has reduced the characterization time from a few weeks to less than a day compared to conventional manual methods. It is shown that the major bottleneck in improving the accuracy is uncertainty in labeled data and the necessity for adopting a semi-supervised approach, which needs to be addressed first in future research.


Abstract In this article, the defining properties of any valid measure of the dependence between two continuous random variables are revisited and complemented with two original ones, shown to imply other usual postulates. While other popular choices are proved to violate some of these requirements, a class of dependence measures satisfying all of them is identified. One particular measure, that we call the Hellinger correlation, appears as a natural choice within that class due to both its theoretical and intuitive appeal. A simple and efficient nonparametric estimator for that quantity is proposed, with its implementation publicly available in the R package HellCor. Synthetic and real-data examples illustrate the descriptive ability of the measure, which can also be used as test statistic for exact independence testing. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


PURPOSE: A transparent resin composition for an encapsulation material, and an electronic device including thereof are provided to improve the refractivity and the transmittivity of the composition, and to secure the heat resistance. CONSTITUTION: A transparent resin composition for an encapsulation material contains polymetallosiloxane obtained by copolymerizing a metal compound marked with chemical formulas 1A~1D, and a silicon compound marked with chemical formula 2. 1~70wt% of polymetallosiloxane is contained in the transparent resin composition. The composition also contains 0.1~100 ppm of hydrosilylation catalyst.


A Research Report Submitted to the Directorate of Graduate Training and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Business Administration of Makerere University Plan B


Accelerator based Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED) is a technique for static and dynamic structural studies in material and biological sciences. The recently commissioned VELA accelerator at the Daresbury Laboratory provides multi-MeV beams for science and industry and will provide a test bed for the UK electron diffraction community. We present the design of the diffractometer currently being installed on VELA which will allow capture of a single shot diffraction pattern with a 1 pC electron bunch and outline future options.


Background: This study aimed to determine risk factors that occurrence time of traffic accidents. Traffic accident occurrence time is defined as the time between a driver's getting his/her license and having the first accident, involving death or injury between 2008–2012 and there were investigated. Methods: This study was conducted with the Cox Regression and life tables models included among survival analysis models. Data of all 11.671 traffic accidents in Kayseri in Turkey were analyzed for the 5-yr period. Results: The non-occurrence rate of traffic accidents involving injury is mostly affected by gender, age, education, number of vehicles involved in accident, road surface material, daylight, type of road, direction of road and time of the day. The non-occurrence rate of fatal traffic accident duration is mostly affected by gender, age, education, daylight and horizontal alignment. The rate of having an accident involving death or injury after getting driver's license is 30.3% in the first 5 yr, it is 50.1% in the first 10 yr and 91.7% in 25 yr. Conclusion: As the non-occurrence time increases, occurrence of accidents in earlier years will decrease. In other words, the number of accidents in earlier years will be lower. This will cause a decrease in the number of accidents in total.


This paper studies the existence of solutions for the fourth order boundary value problemu{(4)(t)=f(t,u(t),u″(t)),t∈[0,1]u(0)=u(1)=u″(0)=u″(1)=0,where f:[0,1]×R×RR is continuous.The existence results of solutions is given by means of the monotone iterative method.


Improvements and new developments in both the communications and power fields have, for the most part, eliminated the need for transposing high-voltage power lines at close intervals. In many systems transpositions are made only at switchyards and substations. Geometric unbalance of untransposed power lines leads to residual ground currents in solidly grounded systems. Methods of reducing the residual ground currents to tolerable levels are investigated in this paper.


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination for the Z-and E-isomer of doxepin hydrochloride.Methods: The column was Shimpack C18(150×6 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was consisted of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate : methanol(45∶55),The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength was 293nm.Results: The calibration linear was in the range of 25.05~501.00 μg·mL-1 for doxepin hydrochloride,and the average recovery was 98.69%(RSD=0.6%).Conclusion: The method developing at a mild condition appeared to be simple,accurate for the determination and separation of Z-,E-isomer of doxepin hydrochloride.


Objective To investigate the biological effects of simvastatin on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.Methods Equivalent calvarial bones taken from neonatal rats or aborted fetuses were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium which contained simvastatin( 1 μ mol/L) in experimental group during culture, osteoblast dif-ferentiation in different conditions was observed and compared. After culture, morphological changes were observed and osteoblasts were calculated under optical and electron microscope AKP and BGP levels in culture medium were assayed.Results Compared with control group,osteoblasts in the culture with simvastatin grew well,both the new bone volume and the number of osteoblasts were significantly large(P 0.01) ,the levels of AKP and BGP were el-evated, and,under electron microscope the osteoblasts were also in active state with few osteoclasts. Conclusion Simvastatin has promotive effects on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro. Statins may be a valuable drug for preventing and treating osteoporosis.


The stationary nuclear fission rate including both thermodynamic and quantal fluctuations are studied by using the partition function method, which is related to the imaginary part of the free energy by ( is the partition function). We calculate the classical fission rate with a coordinate-dependent mass within a one-dimensional model. The contributions of additional degrees of freedom, angular momentum and viscosity to the quantal fission rate at finite temperature are also discussed. Differences between the two- or three-dimensional and the one-dimensional cases are analyzed by using the parametrization.


A bio-contact oxidation process was used in studying the results of ammonia removal from the slightly-polluted source water of a reservoir in Beijing. The results showed that the result of ammonia removal by bio-contact oxidation process was good; when bio-contact oxidation process was used and the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the raw water was not higher than 0.234 mg/L, the monthly average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 30.8%~72.9%; when the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent water was manually increased to 0.126~2.080 mg/L, the maximum removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was as high as up to 97.4%, the average removal efficiency being 71.2%. In addition, the effects of water temperature and ammonia nitrogen concentration of influent water on the result of removal of ammonia nitrogen were also explored.


Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of rare inherited neurodegenerative disorders that result from primary retrograde dysfunction of the long descending fibers of the corticospinal tract, causing lower limb spasticity and muscular weakness. This group of diseases has a heterogeneous clinical presentation. An extensive list of associated genes, different inheritance patterns, and ages at onset have been reported in HSPs.1 Spastic paraplegia type 52 (SPG52) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by AP4S1 mutations. The disease is characterized by neonatal hypotonia that progresses to hypertonia and spasticity in early childhood, developmental delay, mental retardation, and poor or absent speech. Febrile or afebrile seizures may also occur.2–4


The present study was designed to investigate the self-efficacy in relation to weight preoccupation and body image dissatisfaction among adolescent females. The sample comprises 30 females aged between 12-15 years studying in grade 6-8. Self Efficacy Scale (Wister et al., 2009) and Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (Ranson et al., 2005) were used. Co relational analysis was done. The result indicates significant negative correlation between self-efficacy and body dissatisfaction. Whereas, no significant relationship was found in self-efficacy and weight preoccupation.


Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the success rates for insertion using the laryngeal mask, laryngeal tube, and I-gel supraglottic airway devices in a neonatal airway manikin during a resuscitation simulation course. Methods: Three groups of health care professionals were given a brief supervised training in using the devices. For each participant the positioning of each device was recorded. Success rate of insertion and time until adequate ventilation was measured. Furthermore, use and handling of a SAD was scored for ease of insertion, clinical and fiber-optic position, and ventilation. Results: A total of 66 health care providers (22 nurse anesthetists, 22 paramedics, and 22 anesthesia residents) participated in the study. The median time to establish ventilation of both the laryngeal mask and the laryngeal tube was significantly longer than for the I-gel for all professional groups (p < 0.001). Success rate was 100% for the used supraglottic airway devices on first attempt. The fiberoptic evaluation score of the laryngeal tube was (not significantly) lower than the scores of the I-gel and laryngeal mask. Conclusion: This manikin study demonstrated equal success rates, but shorter time to establish adequate ventilation with the I-gel supraglottic airway device than the laryngeal mask or laryngeal tube devices in a neonatal airway management simulation by differently trained health care professionals. While simulations are appropriate for practicing the use and the training of a supraglottic airway device, the results of the present study must not be applied to corresponding situations in real humans without further investigation.


Unistructure is a new concept for lightweight integral rib‐reinforced skin structures that is readily adaptable to many configurations. The rib cross sections are a form of I beam. The rib reinforcing patterns considered here are isogrid and waffle, (i.e. triangular and rectangular constructions) but any desirable form can be produced. This paper provides an over‐view of the methods of fabrication and the structural performance features of Unistructure. Comparisons are made with honeycomb, skin/stringer, and integral‐machined structures. These comparisons indicate that the combined ease‐of‐fabrication and performance advantages of Unistructure warrant its consideration in many applications.


Purpose of review The ISN/RPS lupus nephritis classification is in the process of undergoing a revision. It has lost its way and morphed from a classification based on pathophysiology of disease into a staging system based on the extent of spread and prognosis. Recent findings There are multiple different pathophysiologic processes that contribute to lupus nephritis. The current classification is inadequate, as it does not highlight these differences and thus squanders the opportunity to develop targeted therapies. Its focus is on the extent of disease as opposed to the pattern of injury, which defines the disease. To delineate the cause, we must include immunofluorescent and electron microscopy, which will help define the pattern of injury. Summary To determine eventual targeted treatments for lupus nephritis, we must first classify the disease according to the available pathophysiologic mechanisms. In the upcoming revision, including the immunofluorescence and electron microscopy and eliminating the overemphasis on extent of disease are the first steps to categorizing the lupus nephritis classes accurately.


Background  Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an acquired autoimmune sub‐epidermal vesiculobullous disease characterized by continuous linear IgA deposit on the basement membrane zone, as visualized on direct immunofluorescence microscopy. LABD can affect both adults and children. The disease is very uncommon, with a still unknown incidence in the South American population.


ABSTRACT Service quality and customer satisfaction (SQCS) have been one of the most-discussed themes in the last two decades in tourism and hospitality research. Several new dimensions have been added by the later researchers and the area have been expended to allied and peripheral areas of tourism and hospitality. The present study is an attempt to analyses emerging themes and trends scientifically in SQCS research in tourism and hospitality and explore future research directions. The study employs bibliometric analysis of literature using bibliometrix R package. The database for the current study has been prepared from Web of Science. The results reveal a steady growth in SQCS research during the study period, especially in the hospitality sector and that "customer satisfaction" and "satisfaction" as the two major themes of SQCS research. Thematic network analysis of the SQCS publications revealed destination loyalty, customer value, customer experience, and emotional labor as important themes covered in SQCS research in tourism and hospitality.


Essential information on the early stages of a mission design is contained in Engineering Models. Yet, these models are often uneasy to visualise, query, let alone compare. This study demonstrates how Knowledge Graphs can overcome these data silos, interconnect information, provide a big-picture perspective, and infer new knowledge that would have remained hidden otherwise. Following the migration of CubeSats Engineering Models to a Knowledge Graph, two case studies are explored. The first case study illustrates how graph inference can derive implicit knowledge from existing explicit concepts. In the second case study, a Natural Language Processing layer is adjoined to the Knowledge Graph to enhances the analysis of textual content. The Natural Language Processing layer relies on the document embedding method doc2ve


People in the private rental sector move more than people in other tenures. Yet we know little about the consequences for health of this instability. We are the first to use a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Australians (2000-2018) to causally examine mental health effects of residential instability for a low-income working-aged cohort of private renters.

 Mental health was measured using the SF-36 (MH) and Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10). We examined effects of 1) cumulative time spent in private rental compared with other sectors (homeowner or social housing), 2) total numbers of transitions, and 3) average numbers of transitions within 5 years, using marginal structural models to account for complex confounding of tenure, socio-economic position, and mental health over time.

 The mental health of private renters was similar to homeowners at initial occupancy but became worse after one to five years. The more moves private renters made, the worse their mental health, with people who had >five moves in total reporting a -3.77-point (95%CI -6.79; -0.75) difference on MH and -3.84-point difference (95%CI -7.61; -0.07) on K10 (rescaled). If numbers of moves were small, the mental health of private tenants was better than social tenants. When moves were frequent, however, their mental health scores became similar.

 Residential instability negatively affects mental health. Frequent moves in private rental worsen tenants' mental health compared to owners.

 Reducing housing instability in lower-income households in private rental with greater protection from forced moves will increase resident's wellbeing.


Chronic rhinosinusitis is a disease of the upper respiratory truck of unknown origin, characterized by chronic inflammation of the lining epithelium of nasal and paranasal air sinuses. There are two main phenotypes, chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps' development. Several reports highlighted the importance of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of chronic


An arrangement for the sealed covering of a carrier part (2) in the region of a recess (1) has a in the recess (1) insertable closure part (3) and a closure part (3) and lying at least one of the closure part (3) Domain of the carrier part (2) covering liner (8). The closure part (3) is made of a plastic material based on polyphenylene ether and the liner (8) is made of a Kusntstoffmaterial on the basis of polyvinyl chloride. This results in the chemical adhesion of the cover layer (8) on the closure part (3) a very good seal of the recess (1).


During recent years, an increasing number of studies have started to discuss the introduction of new form of reports in public administration. Furthermore, the attention paid by academics has been favoured by the introduction of a new form of regulation by policy makers. Specifically, a large part of these studies has regarded the heritage sector due to its high degree of complexity. The attention paid to the heritage sector has been driven by the existence of asymmetries between the value of cultural assets and the profitability of institutions. According to this evidence, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Italian Integrated Economic Report (IER). Our research highlights that the adoption of managerial reports, such as the IER, could provide useful insights for policy makers in order to invest their financial resources in a more effective way.


The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the construction of Manganese Dioxide (MnO2) Thin-Film on a stainless-steel substrate (AISI304) using the electrodeposition process. A thin MnO2 layer Potentiostatically formed by electrodeposition technique from MnSO4.H2O (aqueous manganese sulphate monohydrated) solution was used to investigate the electrodes' super-capacitive capabilities. The impact of annealing temperature on the electrochemical characteristics of some materials at temperatures ranging from 100°C-500°C was investigated. The surface morphology of annealed material at 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C was investigated utilizing a SEM (scanning electron microscope). At 200°C, the cyclic Voltammogram is used to investigate the electrochemical characterisation. The highest value of specific capacitance was calculated from this data and was found to be 184.42F g–1 for 10 mV/s. Utilizing galvanostatic discharging and charging techniques, as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, this research investigates the behaviour of super capacitive materials.


Improving access to potable water has become an increasingly urgent concern for developing nations in the current era of globalization. According to standard wisdom, if developing countries undertake certain domestic reforms, such as investing in infrastructure and engineering, then safe and clean drinking water will improve. This analysis uncovers, however, that in addition to such domestic efforts, one of the greatest factors affecting water uncertainty is, in fact, internationally induced: trade. Surprisingly, both scholars and practitioners have neglected the potential impacts of expanding trade on access to potable water. This analysis is the first large-N cross-national study of water that focuses on the interplay of trade and politics—both international and domestic—as the primary driving forces behind improvements in (or constraints to) water access. The author hypothesizes that growing export pressures are constraining drinkable water in poor countries, but a particular domestic condition can mitigate this effect: the existence of lower levels of income inequality. As the socioeconomic actors disadvantaged by openness, particularly in more equal countries, seek reparations for the growing threats to potable water, the adverse affects of trade on water may be averted. Empirical evidence from 77 developing countries and case studies of Vietnam and India provide support for this hypothesis.


In reply to Graham, Johnson and Schnabel (1977), we point out that they have raised a relatively difficult question in scientific method. Provided our earlier work is accepted as operating in the context of the two-period model, we reassert that it revealed no anomalous evidence.


Based on the purpose of developing and utilizing wild sericigenous insect resources, the developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of Samia cynthia cynthia eggs were investigated under 4 constant temperature conditions, which was 19, 21, 23 and 25 ℃, respectively. The experiment results showed that, the developmental threshold temperature is (7.364±1.53) ℃, and the effective accumulated temperature is (156.12±15.93) d·℃.


Abstract The present study examined whether early immersive L2 exposure in a foreign language learning context can yield long-term advantages in L2 morpho-syntactic sensitivity. Participants were 40 Korean university students with high English proficiency, who had either attended an English kindergarten or begun learning English in a classroom, and a control group of native English speakers. All participants performed a speeded aural grammaticality judgment task that included the following features: articles, subcategorization, plural -s, third-person -s. Results showed that the English-kindergarten group outperformed the late-classroom group in terms of accuracy for ungrammatical sentences, while the two groups did not differ significantly on grammatical sentences and in reaction time measures. The learners altogether scored higher in plural -s and third-person -s compared to articles. While the native speakers showed near-perfect accuracy and fast reaction times, the highly proficient learners were at near-chance level in detecting morpho-syntactic errors during online L2 aural processing.


Traditionally, maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) methods are independent of the mathematical model and require multi-step adjusting of the inverter, resulting in multiple disturbances of the photovoltaic (PV) system. Actually, the PV cell has a definite U
–
 I curve at a certain degree of illuminance and temperature, which can be described in a mathematical model. This study proposes a one-step MPPT method based on five-parameter model. Utilising voltage and current measurements, the DC/DC inverter of each PV panel obtains equations for five parameters and solves them via Newton iteration method. According to P
–
 U curve, the derivative of P to U is zero. Thus, an implicit equation of the maximum power can be given along with a constraint. Considering the bimodal characteristics of P
–
 U curve under cloud shade condition, the constraint prevents the result to converge to the low peak point. Then the DC/DC inverter can adjust the PV system to MPP by one step. Furthermore, since the five parameters vary at different illuminance and temperature, the database can be established based on the correspondence between condition and parameters, which can give back to DC/DC inverter to improve the tracking efficiency.


We give an explicit grobner basis for the ideal of the tangent cone at any T-fixed point of a Richardson variety in the Symplectic Grassmannian, thus generalizing a result of Ghorpade and Raghavan.


This thesis analyzes the training and perceptions on mental health of a particular population. Through the use of previous research and literature, a survey was generated and distributed to the population. The findings were used to generate policy implications for the specific population that was analyzed.