The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is the largest single dish submillimetre telescope in the world. Recently the Joint Astronomy Centre (JAC) has learned that the JCMT will no longer receive financial support from its original supporting agencies after September 2014. There is significant pressure to complete some surveys that have been in progress at the JCMT for many years now. With the goal of completing a higher percentage of these surveys it was decided to take advantage of the hours between when the telescope operator leaves the telescope and when the day crew arrives. These hours generally have reasonable seeing and low column integrated water vapor, so they are good for observing. This observing is being performed remotely, in Hilo, without staff at the telescope, by staff members who do not have telescope operation as part of their job descriptions. This paper describes the hardware changes necessary to implement remote observing at JCMT. It also describes the software needed for remote, fail safe, operation of the telescope. The protocols and rules for passing the control of the telescope between the various groups are discussed. Since these Extended Operators are not expert telescope operators, the system was simplified as much as possible, but some training was necessary and proper checklists are essential. Due to the success of the first phase of Extending Observing at the JCMT, the hours when the weather is good and no one is at the telescope, but no day crew is on the way, are also now being utilized. Extended Observing has already yielded a considerable amount of science observing time.


An autologous cancer cell vaccine comprises cancer cells that express both MHCI and MHCII on their cell surface. The MHCI presents a cancer antigen and the MHCII presents a non-self antigen. In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a method for making isolated immunogenic cancer cells, the method comprising: inducing expression of MHCII on cancer cells isolated from a subject; incubating the cancer cells with a non-self antigen so that the non-self antigen will be bound to expressed MHCII; and killing the cancer cells.


This research work describes the conceptual mechanical design of an experimental rocket with varying diameter stages focusing on the stability and effects on the drag coefficient behavior when the middle stage diameter changes in a specific range. Mainly this research will Figure out drag coefficient estimation around the maximum speed achieved according to Stabtraj software (open source) which is widely used to design and perform aerodynamic properties of small rockets. Results show the Static margin to perform global stability and how changes the drag coefficient over the rocket if the middle stage diameter decrease by 20 mm. This kind of study helps us to evaluate and reduce the workspace of small rockets. Moreover, this improvement in space and weight will allow achieving a high altitude for small rockets with similar dimensions just by changing their middle-stage diameter.


This study has two objectives: first to analyze a short story published in the journal, The Athleta in 1884 as a contribution to the memory of the social history of slavery. The Athleta, a newspaper published in Porto Alegre, published in its September 7th 1884 issue, a narrative on the commemoration of the Independence Day festivities, as well as on the abolition of slavery in Porto Alegre. The tale, The Ex-abolitionist, is important to the historiography of abolition, because it resituates the social condition of the slave and the free citizen in the realm of fiction, and establishes the emergence of a new social locus for the exslave.The second objective of this study is to disseminate awareness of the journal's short story and make it available for further analyses.


BACKGROUND
Although phenolic compounds have a role in the health benefits of fruit juice consumption, little is known about the effect of processing on their bioaccessibility. The release of phenolic compounds from the food matrix during digestion is an important pre-requisite for their effectiveness within the human body, so it is fundamental to identify technological treatments able to preserve not only the concentration of phytochemicals but also their bioaccessibility. In this study we investigated the impact of high-pressure homogenization (HPH), alone and in the presence of 100 g kg-1 trehalose or Lactobacillus salivarius, on bioaccessibility of flavonoids in mandarin juice. In addition, digested mandarin juices were supplemented to liver cultured cells in basal and stressed condition to evaluate their protective effect in a biological system.

RESULTS
HPH reduced the concentration of total phenolics and main flavonoids but increased their bioaccessibility after in vitro digestion (p < 0.001). In basal condition, supplementation with all digested juices significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration (p < 0.001). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration in the medium was also reduced by supplementation with HPH-treated juices. Although pre-treatment with juices did not completely counteract the applied oxidative stress it preserved cell viability, and cells pre-treated with juices submitted to HPH in the presence of probiotics showed the lowest ROS concentration.

CONCLUSION
Our study represents an important step ahead in the evaluation of the impact of processing on the nutritional and functional value of food, which cannot simply be assessed based on chemical composition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The aim of this study was to develop ELISA to examine antibodies against rinderpest virus (RPV) for vaccination programmes in the Malatya and Elazig regions. Serum samples from 180 clinically healthy cattle in Malatya were obtained in the spring of 1995 and 157 serum samples from cattle were taken in the spring of 1996 in Elazig. The 337 serum samples were investigated with ELISA. To design the ELISA, reference purified RPV antigen obtained from Pirbright Animal Health Institute was used. RPV RBOK vaccine strain was provided by Central Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Ankara. It was used to infect the Vero cell line and was purified partially. The partially purified RPV antigen was used as a test antigen in ELISA. To compare the reference RPV antigen with the partially purified RPV antigen, 337 serum samples were subjected to ELISA. Antibodies to RPV were detected in 286 out of 337 (84.86%) cattle sera when the reference RPV antigen was used. However, when the same serum samples were examined in ELISA by using the partially purified RPV antigen, 223 out of 337 (66.17%) sera were positive. The sensitivity and specificity of partially purified RPV antigen were 75.87% and 88.24%, respectively. The developed ELISA with partially purified RPV antigen seems to be acceptable according to our results.


Pesticides, such as endosulfan, can enter surface waters such as lakes and rivers, potentially posing an ecological risk. Rotifers are a dominant zooplankton species in many inland freshwater lakes in Australia; such lakes can also experience increased salinities. Acute toxicity tests (24 h) were conducted to determine the toxicity of a commercial formaulation of endosulfan to the freshwater rotifer Philodina sp. and to investigate the influence of increasing salinity on endosulfan toxicity. Rotifers were found to be relatively tolerant to endosulfan with an EC50 of 1.75 mg L−1 (a.i.), with results also suggesting that there are no interactive effects of salinity on endosulfan toxicity.


The purpose of this project is to develop a simple mechanism for a dynamic workload distribution to every participating nodes with different or various specification in a Beowulf system. Adopting the evolution prototype software development methodology, the main purpose of this load distribution mechanism is to fairly distribute the workload among the participating nodes based on its processing speed so that the delay processing time between nodes is minimized and, resulting faster execution time. The workload used for this project is a file encryption process using 3 DES or Triple DES (Data EncryptionS tandard) algorithm in ECB (Electronic Code Book) mode. From the implementation and test results, it is proven that the workload distribution mechanism is beneficial to any parallel application developers for Beowulf system and it is suitable to be implemented in a parallel environment which uses various specification for each of its participating nodes. With the advent of this simple work load mechanism, it is hoped that it will promote the use of multiple or various node specifications in a Beowulf system and the reuse of old computers which can reduce the cost in Beowulf system development while providing the needs of high performance computing.


There is an issue of A/B plane partition of HSTPs in the topology optimization of CCS7 network. It can be formulated into a new kind of graph partition problem. The problem is proved to be NP-complete, so the neural network, the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing are applied to solve it. In order to make the algorithms comparable, the testing schemes are carefully designed. The computing results for the three algorithms show that the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing are quite robust for the problem, they can search out the optimum with a larger probability and a higher efficiency.


As the knowledge of material computation advances, continuing the seamless integration of design and fabrication, questions beyond materialization can be addressed with a focus on sensing, feedback, and engagement as critical factors of design exploration. This article will discuss a series of prototypes, design methodologies, and technologies that articulate a textile's micro-architecture, at the scale of fibers and stitches, to instrumentalize simultaneous structural, spatial, and sensory-responsive qualities. The progression of research displays an ever-deepening instrumentalization of fiber structure and its implications to form definition and responsivity, in creating form- and bending-active structures. The research results in a more refined definition of material behavior as the innate phenomena which emerge at the moment of textile fabrication. Ultimately, the architecture, in its materiality and physical, visual, and auditory responsivity, is designed to address specific challenges for children in filtering multiple sensory inputs, an underlying factor of autism spectrum disorder.


Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is used routinely in the emergency department, but not in other settings outside the operating room. In a prospective,


Objective To perform a systematic review to evaluate the risk of malignancy associated with computed tomography (CT) of the head and/or neck in infants, children, and adolescents. Data Sources Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were assessed from the date of their inception to January 2014. Additionally, manual searches of bibliographies were performed and topic experts were contacted. Review Methods Data were obtained from studies measuring or estimating the risks of malignancy associated with radiation from head and/or neck CT in pediatric populations according to an a priori protocol. Two independent evaluators corroborated the extracted data. Results There were 16 criterion-meeting studies that included data from n = 858,815 patients. The radiation-related risk of malignancy was estimated using primary patient data for both the exposure and outcome in a minority of studies, with most analyses utilizing mathematical modeling techniques. The data regarding otolaryngology-specific studies were limited and suggested a borderline significant increase in the risk of all combined cancers after facial CT (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28) and neck/spine CT (IRR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.28). Cohort data suggest that 1 excess brain malignancy occurred after 4000 brain CTs (40 mSv per scan) and that the estimated risk in the 10 years following CT exposure was 1 brain tumor per 10,000 patients exposed to a 10 mGy scan at less than 10 years of age. Conclusion Detailed understanding of any potential malignancy risk associated with pediatric imaging of the head and neck furthers our ability to engage in rational, shared, informed decision making with families considering CT scan.


In the state of Nayarit there is a concentration of the tourism sector on the "Sun and Beach" model, 51.72% of the resorts belong to this model; mainly located on the South coast, since 66.67% of the centers are located in the municipalities of Bahia de Banderas, Compostela and San Blas; It is why one of the first impacts of climate change to the tourism sector might be reflected in the number of visitors, since the climate has a strong relationship in the choice of destination of the leisure visitors.


Medical imaging has widely been used in the study of human remains since the discovery of X-rays. Nowadays computed tomography (CT) has become the primary means of studying mummified bodies. It has been extensively used to examine Egyptian mummies, the Similaun Man, and, in some cases, Peruvian mummies. We describe the use of spiral CT to study three Peruvian mummies which belong to The National Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology of Florence, Italy (object #2994, #3076, #3078). The mummy #2994 shows the most interesting finding. In correspondence of the left renal lodge there is an oval object with metallic density which has an axial diameter of 1 cm and a length of 1.5 cm. The ancient Peruvians did not introduce amulets or other objects into natural cavities of the mummies and the caliper of the foreign body is compatible with a bullet of fire arms common at that time. Thus, we can advocate a violent death of this mummy. The mummy #3078 has a disconnected skeleton and no parenchymal remains. The presence of included teeth suggest that the mummy was an adolescent. The mummy #3076, an about 20 years old female, underwent autopsy more than 10 years ago which ascertained the presence of a Chagas disease in chronic phase. CT examination shows the damages produced by the autopsy to the thoracic and abdominal walls and no traces of the internal organs. In conclusion, our observations confirm the ability of CT to nonivasively, thus non-destructively, examine human remains.


The quality of listed company is the common concerned focus of current accounting theory and practice industry,it has always been highly valued by investors,creditors and government authorities.As the core part of accounting information,earning information seems more important.Therefore,the analysis of earnings quality is of great practical significance for guiding the investors to use the financial information reasonably to make decisions,guiding the reasonable capital flow and resource assignation and enhancing the investors' confidence on accounting vocation.This paper starts from the general definition,chooses five important indexes-authenticity,sustainability,profitability,growth and safety indicators which affect the earning quality,builds quality evaluation system,and analyzes and evaluates the earning quality condition in 2005—2007 of listed companies in Fujian using the factor analysis method,calculates and sorts comprehensive scores of the earning quality of listed companies in Fujian.


Permanent magnet synchronous motors are increasingly used in the oil industry. These motors need to be made more energy efficient. To do this, it is necessary to optimize the rotor of a synchronous motor by changing the design through topological optimization. Designing an electrical machine as a heuristic process does not guarantee finding the best solution. Methods are needed that complement the experience and intuition of the designer to find the optimal (rational) solution. Topological optimization is currently performed using the finite element method to reduce mass and improve the stiffness of structures. The proposed method allows you to transfer topological optimization to electromagnetic processes in permanent magnet synchronous motors to determine the direction of magnetization and the size of permanent magnets, for a given mass-dimensional parameters. Optimization of the rotor of a serial permanent magnet motor based on a genetic algorithm is proposed. A new topology of the rotor of the motor was calculated and an increase in the torque was obtained by 18.2%, which indicates that topological optimization is promising for synchronous motors with permanent magnets.


Recently,re-criminal phenomenon is really serious.It is a social problem to effectively control re-crime of ghost from jails.Therefore,it is necessary to deeply analyze criminal's subjective state and social environment for searching re-criminal reasons and building relevant defending systems in order to reduce and prevent re-criminal phenomenon basically.


This is a story about dance, trance and magic plants...

On the left hand side of the picture above, we see drugs that are considered to


The principal work of marine steam power plant's automatic control system is load control. It's true that the traditional PID control algorithm is widely used in it because it has many virtues such as simple principle,easy to build,no error in steady state,and so on. However,it's strangely influenced by the controlled objects,can only get satisfactory control effect when all PID parameters are set correctly. According to the above mentioned situation,a fuzzy adaptive tuning PID control algorithm base on output signal recognition is proposed. This algorithm has retained the characters of regular PID control algorithm,at the some time,applied fuzzy control theory to the on-line adjusting relative PID parameters,improved the load control effect of marine steam power plants,and has a certain practicability in engineering projects.


In this paper we decompose the optimal weight vector of a blind multiuser detector into several weight subvectors, an adaptive algorithm based on HIS algorithm is derived to update the weight subvectors, and the to- tal required computational complexity is reduced. Simulation show the detector has good near-far resistant.


The steel named WB36 has been the best material used in pipeline of feedwater system in new type of powerstation,because of its advanced mechanical performance.Following the requirement of the standard meteyard of the corresponding welding technics,a new welding material was selected and a series of experiments and analysis to this low-alloy high-intensity steel were also carried out.The results indicate that this steel can satisfy all kinds of performance requirement of welding joint and can be used in practice safely.


An intelligent control system has been designed in order to improve control level of small-and-medium-scale food frozen enterprises. MSP430F149 was selected as microprocessor for its topping performance and ultralow-power consumption in hardware designing. And SHT71 sensor was adopted for gathering temperature and humidity. A prototype for fuzzy control was built in intelligent control system software designing. Based on artificial manipulation and specific environmental characteristics, the fuzzy control system was built expeditiously by adding relevant parameters to the prototype. Practice shows that the fuzzy control system prototype has greatly improved the development efficiency of intelligent control system. The newly-developed system is highly automated and can enormously improved the food storage food quality.


Provides definitions, discussions, and practical advice on HIV, AIDS, and related conditions, from their psychological effects on individuals to treatment strategies.


The linear regression mode is applied to empirically study the factors which may have an effect on the Chinese gold reserve. The result of the empirical test showed that the Chinese gold reserve is mainly affected by M0, the gold price, the crude oil index, the real exchange rate, CPI index and the dollar index. The scale of Chinese gold reserve is reasonable in recent years. Therefore, it is not suggested that the Central Bank raise the scale of the official gold reserve at present. The tendency of the world economic situation and prospects for the value of gold should be considered by Chinese government in the future, in that the government can decide whether and how to raise the scale of the official gold reserve.


The present invention both the engine starting according to the engine start and idle stop control according to the vehicle start-up with respect to the power supply control apparatus for a vehicle for the purpose of performing reliably without promoting the degradation of the battery. And a relatively high power density also lead battery 12, the energy density is low, a relatively low power density is also installed a high lithium-ion battery 14 wareul energy density. At the same time when the engine according to the ignition operation of the driver is thereby start the engine by supplying electric power to the starter 18 from the lead battery 12. The engine restart at the same time according to the idling stop control is thereby start the engine by supplying electric power to the starter 18 from the lithium ion battery 14.


Cheating is very common in university course-end exams,a new perspective analysis is introduced.Exam is divided into recruitment and passing exam,students are divided into excellent and poor performance students.Basing on the analysis on the cheating psychology of two class in the condition of recruitment and passing exam,this paper presents some advices to reduce cheating phenomenon,there are invigilating strictly poor performance students,using open-book exams and improving test paper quality,providing careful and strict invigilation,implementing cheating punishment.It is pointed that the measures put forward are not to avoid cheating completely,but only a compromise to reduce cheating,for the current examination system needs to be perfected.


The capsid protein precursor P12 A and protease 3C coding P12A3C gene of FMDV type O were amplified from the plasmid p MD19-P1A3C,then the gene P12A3C were inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector p Fast Bac Dual to construct recombinant transfer vector p FastBac Dual-P12A C,in which the P12A3C gene were under the control of PH promoter.The recombinant baculovirus plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli DH10 BacTMto construct the recombinant baculovirus bacmid Bacmid-P12A3C,then transfected into Sf9 cells,the recombinant baculovirus was harvested when obvious cytopathic effect was observed.After amplied,the baculovirus were infected into the Sf9 cells.At last the expressed proteins were analyzed by the immunouorescent assay.The result indicated that the expressed protein were expressed in Sf9 cells,and displayed specificity to FMDV type O VP1 polyclonal antibody.From this study,the recombinant baculovirus including the virus capsid P1 gene and 3C protease gene coding regions of FMDV type O were successfully obtained,this provides a basis for the research of FMDV type O empty capsid assembly in vitro and empty capsid vaccine reaserch.


Despite aggressive surgical management, up to 50% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer will have a tumour recurrence, which suggests that a significant proportion of these patients have metastases at the time of diagnosis.1 Hence, early application of multimodal therapy in bladder cancer is an attractive paradigm, especially to maximize outcomes in patients receiving aggressive local therapy by the immediate treatment of local and distant micrometastatic disease with chemotherapy.


The Athenian general, Pericles, according to Thucydides (2.62), once said the Athenians were most powerful over the whole sea, and with some help from D. Kagan (pp. 377– 8) his words inspired the title for this history of Athens' roller coaster involvement in naval warfare during the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. Originally published by Viking Penguin (2009) with the subtitle, 'The Epic Story of the Athenian Navy and the Birth of Democracy', it has also been marketed with the bold subtitle, 'How the Athenian Navy Changed the World'. This edition bears its dramatic subtitle as a header on the righthand pages, though not on the title page, where even the author's name is missing. Each version points to the next target market, but H.'s own passionate enthusiasm for the Athenian navy has been lifelong. Well informed through personal experience and close analysis of the ancient literary sources, he makes a forceful argument for an unbreakable bond between the Athenian democracy and its navy; together they rose and fell. After the preface and introduction, the book is arranged in five parts ('Freedom', 'Democracy', 'Empire', 'Catastrophe' and 'Rebirth'), which are subdivided into 21 chapters. At the end of the book over 50 pages provide a chronology from c. 524 to 322 B.C., a glossary of the technical terms and Greek words used, and a note on the sources (in three parts: chapter by chapter notes; brief biographies of the ancient authors with an assessment of their value for naval matters; and a bibliography of modern sources up to 2008 arranged by themes) before the concluding acknowledgements and index. The reader with little prior knowledge of Ancient Greece, therefore, is supported by the inclusion of the very helpful and informative sections at the back. The chronology provides an essential timeline listing more than just the naval developments and actions, and in the chapter notes one finds H.'s discussion of conflicting accounts, for example, of the Battle of Salamis (pp. 344–5). Unfortunately, the excellent maps and diagrams usually appear too late in their chapter, after the passage to which they first relate, and there is no reference to forewarn the reader, or even explain what the viewer should understand from the illustration. For example, on p. 41 the diagram 'Rowing the Trireme' consists of drawings of a rower at the beginning, middle and end of the stroke, with the labels 'Catch', 'Drive' and 'Finish'. Above each is a sketch of similarly posed rowers, the outer two in silhouette and presumably reproduced from pre-classical vase-paintings, while the third in the centre is a figure from the Lenormant Relief. Nowhere is this explained or sources given, and it is left to the observant viewer to realise that the man's bottom has moved across the black line of the bench in the sliding action of ancient rowing. On the whole, archaeological and artistic sources are under-utilised or omitted, for example vase images of Athena holding a ship's sternpost. For technological reasons it is very unlikely that the sail on the Panathenaic Ship was the same woven cloth used to dress the old statue of Athena (p. 137). See now also S. Wachsmann, 'Panathenaic Ships: the Iconographic Evidence', Hesperia 81 (2012), 237–66; and on the Zea shipsheds (pp. 256–7), B. Lovén, The Ancient Harbours of the Piraeus. Volume 1. The Zea Shipsheds and Slipways (2011). The preface presents the fascinating personal background to H.'s recurring engagement with this topic over the past 40 years, and the introduction leaves one in no doubt about H.'s view of the vital and absolutely central role that being a naval power played for better THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 505


Dr. Barozzi and colleagues have written an excellent manuscript describing the use of bedside ultrasound to assess and direct the early treatment of the critically ill with acute renal failure (ARF) (1). These techniques should be welcomed by the critical care community, because the current treatments for these patients leave much to be desired. Despite much attention to the prevention and management of postinjury or surgical ARF, mortality continues to exceed 50%, even with the institution of continuous renal replacement therapies (2–4). Isolated acute renal failure is rare in the intensive care unit (ICU), with most renal failure occurring in the setting of sepsis and multi-organ failure, or severe medical conditions, and after surgical procedures (5). One related condition that has not been mentioned in this manuscript, however, is intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) and its manifestation as the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). These conditions are important to consider given our current practices in the ICU. Despite controlled evaluations of many potential renal-protective strategies, the only proven management strategies for the prevention of postoperative renal failure are adequate volume expansion and avoidance of hypovolemia (3, 4). Current management of both sepsis and traumatic injury also emphasizes early aggressive fluid resuscitation (6, 7). It has long been understood that prompt and adequate resuscitation of hypovolemia and shock is critical to avoid prerenal causes and to minimize the ischemia of renal causes such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN). The recognition that the shock state necessitated an obligatory loss of fluid to the intracellular, or "third," space represented a seminal advance in trauma care that has saved numerous lives, and has all but eliminated renal failure as a complication of burn injury (8, 9). It is too simple, however, to simply administer excess quantities of fluids. Overly vigorous crystalloid resuscitation may complicate the ischemia/reperfusion consequences of critical illness and shock, culminating in excessive tissue edema, and often ascites, to produce pathologic raised IAH that itself induces renal dysfunction and failure (10– 14). Renal dysfunction in this setting constitutes a diagnosis of ACS. The World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome has defined ACS as the presence of both an intraabdominal pressure (IAP) 20 mm Hg, with or without an abdominal perfusion pressure (APP) 50 mm Hg, recorded by a minimum of three standardized measurements conducted 1 hrs to 6 hrs apart and singleor multipleorgan system failure that was not previously present (15). It has become apparent that IAH is both very common in the critically ill and also an independent cause of renal dysfunction (16). Over 100 yrs ago, Wendt reported, "The higher the abdominal pressure, the less the secretion of urine" (17). Despite this, the adverse influence of IAH on renal function is often unappreciated or discounted by clinicians. The subject is not mentioned in several of the recent review articles referenced on acute renal failure (5, 18). Nonetheless, the kidneys are particularly susceptible to IAH (19), presumably because of the serial nature of the renal vasculature (20). Thus, raised IAP may begin to effect renal function at only 10 mm Hg, and markedly impairs renal function at pressures as low as 20 mm Hg (21, 22). This low pressure threshold suggests that the kidney might be a potential marker to indicate adverse physiologic effects, thus prompting intervention at an earlier spectrum of disease. Rates of pressure 18 mm Hg in postsurgical patients have ranged from 32% to 40% when looked for (14, 19, 23–25). A 1995 study reported that IAP measurements exceeded 20 mm Hg in 33% of postoperative patients when routinely studied. This level of IAP carried a 12and 11-fold increased association of renal dysfunction and death, respectively (19). Biancofiore reported that 31% of postliver transplant patients who developed renal failure had significantly higher mean IAP (28 vs. 19 mm Hg) than those who did not. Another prospective study of 263 postoperative patients found that an IAP 18 mm Hg occurred in 40% of patients, and that renal impairment occurred in 32% of the group, being independently associated with increased IAP, as well as hypotension, sepsis, and older age (16). Further, the incidence of renal impairment appeared to be dose-related, with the incidence of renal impairment doubling at 25 mm Hg compared with 18 mm Hg (16). Intervening after renal dysfunction occurs may also be too late, and does not ameliorate the course of renal dysfunction. When critically ill patients (mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 27) with IAH were decompressed, both the IAP (mean IAP decrease from 24 to 14 mm Hg) and lung compliance (mean increase, 24 –28 mL/cm H2O) significantly improved (24). However, there was no overall improvement in hourly urine output, and the serum creatinine continued to worsen (24). From the departments of Surgery (AK), Critical Care Medicine (AK, KL), Medicine (KL), and Regional Trauma Services (AK), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, CA. The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest. Address requests for reprints to: A. W. Kirkpatrick, MD, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9. E-mail: andrew.kirkpatrick@ calgaryhealthregion.ca Copyright © 2007 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins


The thesis consists of four chapters. The terms with given problems (Message and vision, strategy, and creation of company strategy) are explained in the general chapter. Chapters two and three deal with the characteristics of eBRANA Ltd. and with the strategic analysis of the company in light of micro-surroundings and macro-surroundings. The new production process and its implementation in the production of a commission are designed within the strategy in the final chapter. It deals with the description of connection of particular parts with the new production process into the mutually cooperating unit with the aim to achieve a significant cut-down of production costs. For the survey I use the results achieved within the observed period when the new production process was taken into, with the results of the survey of the former production process.


The solutions produced upon the acid leaching of single-phase alkali borosilicate glass powders are investigated by the kinetic spectrophotometric technique. The technique employed is based on the spectrophotometric determination of weakly structurized silica from the rate of formation of β-silicomolybdic heteropoly acid in the unreduced form. It is shown that, upon passing into the leaching solution, silica can exist in the form of different molecular associates, depending on the leaching conditions of single-phase alkali borosilicate glass powders. Examination of the ageing processes of the prepared solutions makes it possible to determine the character of further structurization of silica involved in these solutions.


Whereas, North Carolina continues to grow and advance the grass roots of the sport of stock car racing with over 30 short tracks located throughout the State hosting over 700 events per year; and Whereas, North Carolina educates and trains individuals in its University system and Community College system for jobs in stock car racing; and Whereas, North Carolina is the home of the coveted stock car racing NASCAR Hall of Fame and the NC Auto Racing Hall of Fame; and Whereas, North Carolina is the home of more than 90 percent of NASCAR Sprint Cup stock car race teams; and Whereas, Charlotte Motor Speedway hosts three stock car races annually in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series, the most in-season Sprint Cup events held at a single motorsports facility in the United States, and Charlotte Motor Speedway attracts more than one million visitors annually, most of whom are from other states; and Whereas, North Carolina is the home of "The King," Richard Petty, stock car racing legend Junior Johnson, dubbed "The Last American Hero" by writer Tom Wolfe, and seven-time champion, the late Dale Earnhardt; and Whereas, North Carolina is the home of stock car racing, and North Carolina is committed to the continued growth and popularity of the sport; and Whereas, stock car racing should be adopted as the State's official sport; Now, therefore,


The power spectrum of finite-temperature quantum electromagnetic fluctuations produced by elementary charge carriers under the influence of an external electric field is investigated. It is found that under the combined action of the photon heat bath and the external field, the low-frequency asymptotic of the power spectrum is modified both qualitatively and quantitatively. The new term in the power spectrum is inversely proportional to frequency, but is odd with respect to it. It comes from the connected part of the correlation function, and is related to the temperature and external field corrections to the photon and charge carrier propagators. In application to the case of a biased conducting sample, this term gives rise to a contribution to the voltage power spectrum which is proportional to the absolute system temperature, the charge carrier mobility, the bias voltage squared, and a factor describing dependence of the noise intensity on the sample geometry. It is verified that the derived expression is in agreement with the experimental data on 1/f-noise measurements in metal films. It is shown also that the obtained result provides a natural resolution to the problem of divergence of the total noise power.


The hierarchical object model and architecture of application system based on the advanced database access technology ADO is introduced and analyzed at first.Then the steps and approaches used to access database with ADO are described in details.Finally,a database access instance based on VB and SQL Server with ADO is given.


THE value of glycerine and alcohol in the treatment of tissue infection was well established some years ago.1 Now the efficacy of the local application of sulfonamides has become generally recognized. In facing this situation the problem was how best to maintain the value of the former and adopt the latter. Another question arose as to the value of the advocated methods of application of the sulfonamides. As to the latter question it is evident that there are objections to the use of the powder as such. With regard to vehicles for the powder, various combinations of petroleum products are suggested. The objection to these is twofold, in the main: (1) the petroleum acts as an inhibitor of the drug, in that it is waterproof and


We analyzed the relationships between a long-term trend of rising air temperature and the lives of three species of creatures: red-cheeked starlings, paleotropical migratory birds that breed in Japan, small white butterflies and cherry trees (Somei-Yoshino cherry). We studied the egg-laying dates of the starlings in Niigata City located in the central part of Honshu, the largest of the four main islands of Japan. We obtained the first appearance dates of imagoes of small whites and the blooming dates of Somei-Yoshino cherry trees in Niigata from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Red-cheeked starlings had a significant tendency to start their egg-laying earlier each year; over the course of 28 years the laying date became 15.3 days earlier. Their progressively earlier egg-laying dates were significantly correlated with the rise in early spring temperatures in Niigata City, their breeding ground, and with the temperature of Naha City in Okinawa Prefecture, which is a migration stopover area in southern Japan. Since temperatures of both areas rose significantly during the period, it is likely that the temperature rise was the cause of the advanced egg-laying dates. The cherries' blooming date also tended to become earlier year-by-year, showing a strong negative correlation with the temperature of early spring. The first appearance date of small whites showed no tendency to become earlier year-by-year, but showed a significant negative correlation with the temperature of early spring. We think that the reason for the cherry trees' blooming date showing a stronger correlation with the temperature of early spring than the laying date of the starlings is because, unlike migratory birds, cherry trees grow in the same region for the entire year. Thus they are greatly influenced by the temperature of our investigation area (Niigata City). Also, unlike small whites whose chrysalises pass the winter close to the surface of the earth covered with snow, cherry buds are exposed to the air and so might have been more influenced by the long-term warming trend in early spring air temperatures.


Sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) is a new and effective additive within the stock, surface sizing and coating water-retaining agent. CMS can be directly soluble in cool water, does not need gelatinization and be used conveniently. It has significant effect on strength when it is used in the stock. CMS surface size has the properties of good film forming and the whole film transferring. It used as water retention in the paper coating, well to improve the rheological properties of coating and enhance the coating quality.


The low quality of included trials, insufficient rigour in review methodology, ignorance of key pain issues, small size, and over‐optimistic judgements about the direction and magnitude of treatment effects all devalue systematic reviews, supposedly the 'gold standard' of evidence. Available evidence indicates that almost all systematic reviews in the published literature contain fatal flaws likely to make their conclusions incorrect and misleading. Only 3 in every 100 systematic reviews are deemed to have adequate methods and be clinically useful. Examples of research waste and questionable ethical standards abound: most trials have little hope of providing useful results, and systematic review of hopeless trials inspires no confidence. We argue that results of most systematic reviews should be dismissed. Forensically critical systematic reviews are essential tools to improve the quality of trials and should be encouraged and protected.


We have begun implementing support for C++ programs for the Cooperative Bug Isolation Project (CBI). The Cooperative Bug Isolation Project (CBI) is a system that assists developers in locating bugs in their software by distributing instrumented versions of the developers' software to end users and collecting feedback data produced by the instrumented software. We discuss our implementation of C++ instrumentation as a source-to-source transformation. We also discuss some of the problems we have encountered during our work and present a case study of POV-Ray, a freely available 3-D graphics program.


Development of the creative industry in Indonesia is advancing as successfully applied in various sectors, one of them in the tourism sector. The beach remains a bustling tourist culture. With white sand and blue sea attraction directly opposite the pacific ocean will look natural and beautiful on Luari Beach.


I have been invited to write a short historical feature in the context of being a co‐recipient with Klaus Rajewsky and Fritz Melchers of the 2007 Novartis Prize in Basic Immunology that was given in the general area of the molecular biology of B cells. In this feature, I cover the main points of the short talk that I presented at the Award Ceremony at the International Immunology Congress in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This talk focused primarily on the work and people involved early on in generating the models and ideas that have formed the basis for my ongoing efforts in the areas of V(D)J recombination and B cell development.


Alike, yet different; the titles of these two new works link them together, but from there they diverge. Postmortem: Establishing the Cause of Death, by Steven Koehler and Cyril Wecht, two forensic pathologists, is a sort of "how to" manual that takes its readers on a voyeuristic journey down an often dimly lit path, illuminating the processes and professionals involved in death investigation. Postmortem: How Medical Examiners Explain Suspicious Deaths, by Professor Stefan Timmermans, is an academic investigation into not only the methods but also into why and how forensic pathology searches for fuller understanding of extraordinary deaths. Approaching its inquiry from the perspective of sociology, this work gives insight into the profession of forensic pathology and the role it plays in our society. Having performed nearly 2,500 postmortem examinations in many different settings and involving nearly every type of death, and having been down the very paths described in the first book many times and having experienced the conceptual struggles outlined in the second, I was delighted to read both. Without a doubt, these books provide a unique and enlightening look at forensic pathology, one through the methods used by the system and one through the structure and foundations of the system itself.


A real-time energy management strategy using dynamic pricing mechanism by deploying a fractional order super twisting sliding mode controller (FOSTSMC) is proposed for correspondence between energy users and providers. This framework, which controls the energy demand of the smart grid's users is managed by the pricing signal provided by the FOSTSMC, issued to the smart meters, and adjusts the users' demand to remove the difference between energy demand and generation. For the implementation purpose, a scenario based in MATLAB/Simulink is constructed where a sample renewable energy–integrated smart microgrid is considered. For the validation of the framework, the results of FOSTSMC are compared with the benchmark PI controller's response. The results of the benchmark PI controller are firstly compared in step response analysis, which is followed by the comparison in deploying in renewable energy–integrated smart grid scenario with multiple users. The results indicate that the FOSTSMC-based controller strategy outperformed the existing PI controller-based strategy in terms of overshoot, energy balance, and energy price regulation.


In seven patients with uterine leiomyomatosis investigated the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis has been with a GnRH-TRH-double stimulation test. The basal levels of estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and PRL as well as the pituitary reaction after the stimulation were determined. Three patients had a tendency to a basal hypergonadotropinemia and four patients to hypoprolactinemia. The pituitary reaction following the stimulation does not show any connection between leiomyoma and secretion pattern of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.


Abstract Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. There are many types of scoliosis but the most common type, occurring in 80% of the cases, is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This scoliosis is of unknown origin, occurs after age 10, and is more common in girls than boys. Both kids and parents need to be aware of the possibility of scoliosis. Those diagnosed with the disorder need information and support. This article discusses where to find reliable information on the Web concerning scoliosis for both kids and adults.


Permeate of nanofiltration of dairy raw materials (NFP) in modern industry is not considered as a waste from which it is advisable to extract valuable components. Its use, for example, for washing equipment or restoring dry products is problematic due to the high residual content of dry substances. Due to these circumstances, the NFP has not yet had practical significance and has not been described in detail in the scientific literature. The composition and properties of NFP obtained on industrial equipment have been studied. Its main components are lactose and typical mineral vemilk, with the exception of calcium and magnesium, the content of which did not exceed 10 mg / kg. NFP purification was carried out by filtration through a reverse osmotic membrane. Water samples obtained after NFP purification at pressure were studied 20–55 bar and different concentration factors. The specific electrical conductivity of water varied in the range of 34–273 microns / cm depending on the pressure and degree of concentration. Calculation of the cost of reverse osmotic purification of NFP, taking into account the consumption of electricity, service and detergents, amortization of equipment and membrane elements showed that, at cost, the water obtained from the NFP is comparable to the reverse osmotic obtained by filtration of mains water, with the volumes of processing of the NFP more than 200 m3 / day.


As a novel study topic across many academic and industrial fields, including tourism, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained considerable footing recently. Modern tourist systems are being reshaped by the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution, which considers technological, economic, and social factors. It's changing the way visitors use and manage their interests from conventional to more tailored platforms. The coronavirus 2, which is causing the current worldwide pandemic, is the worst global public health catastrophe since the influenza pandemic of 1918. This witnessed one of the major troubles in the tourism industry, which made it difficult to operate effectively, as restrictions that were put in place to contain the spread of the virus. The role of Public relations (PR) post Covid-19 pandemic has risen and giving the industry more responsibility in ensuring that her brands and clients stay seen and relevant as the stigma surrounding the virus has made people afraid and unwilling to go back to other fun of life like touring and sightseeing. Hence, most industries continue to utilize various ways that could keep them connected to the customers and technology became one of the vital organs of these developments. The Internet of things continues to advance in terms of its implementations across the tourism industry's PR. This paper will talk about the advancing roles of the IoT in Europe's tourism industry PR. European nations remain the largest when it comes to technological adoptions. As a result, the paper is likely to furnish changes meant to assist the tourist's bookings, customer engagement, search engine optimization (SEO), amongst many others.


The using of four yeast strains (two cultures belonging to each S. cerevisiae and G. candidum) to withstand environmental conditions similar to the human digestion tract (probiotic criteria) were examined. The survival of these strains at low pH, in the presence of bile salt, in intestinal juice, also their ability to assimilate cholesterol were followed. However, the obtained results indicate that S. cerevisiae AAA3 and G. candidum GG1, may be promising candidate strains for use as probiotics. Thus, the potential role of these probiotic yeast cultures on serum lipid of rats was adopted. Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups, six rats each. These rats were acclimatized on basal diet for 7 days before starting the experiment. The first group was fed on basal diet (cont. I), the second group was offered basal diet plus pasteurized buffalo's milk (6.5% fat). The rest two groups were fed on basal diet plus buffalo's milk in addition to either S. cerevisiae or G. candidum. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment (after adaptation period) and at the end of experiment. According to the result of serum analysis, total cholesterol and LDLcholesterol levels in rats fed on S. cerevisiae (group 3) were decreased by 23% and 31.59% respectively. While, the corresponding values for rats consumed G. candidum were relatively lower, actually 21.46% and 29.12% respectively. Moreover, serum triglycerides concentrations reduced by 4.79% and 5.30% for rats in group 3 and 4, respectively as compared with control 1. Furthermore, data obtained declared that rats fed on either S. cerevisiae or G. candidum reduced markedly the atherogenic indexes 1 and 2 by mean values of 11.52, 23.86% and 10.1, 21.49% respectively, as compared with control 1. Continuously, rats fed on both yeast strains showed significant antagonistic effect against either coliform or staphylococci, where the reduction in their populations, actually 10.57, 7.42% for group 3 and 8.30, 18.22% for group 4, respectively.


We searched for multi-TeV counterparts to the gamma–ray bursts (GRBs) at keV energies detected by BATSE during the period from October 2, 1995 to March 18, 1999 using the data of the Tibet Air Shower Array. In the field of view of the array there were 70 GRBs detected by BATSE in this period. The search was done based on the sky survey within error circles of BATSE bursts and with time scales during 10 to several hundred seconds. No significant signals of counterparts were detected.


Diabetes is a chronic disease that so far has affected 120-150 million people all over the world. This number is calculated to be doubled until year 2025 to 300 million people. One of the biggest problem in diabetic care today is that between 1/3 and ¾ of all people with diabetes fail to comply with medical regimen. The purpose with this study was to explore what nurses in Sweden and Norway experience to be the cause of non-compliance and how they work to get the best compliance from their patients. To find the answer to the question a qualitative interview study was performed featuring twelve nurses, six in southern Sweden and six in Ostfold, Norway. The interview material was analyzed according to Dorothea Orem?s nursing theory. The results show that the cause for non-compliance is something very complex, all interviews indicated on different factors that can take part. It is never only one factor that is causing the non-compliance, but several.


Abstract : A simple linear method of constructing supercavitating cascade sections of infinite cavities is developed that is similar to the theory previously developed for finite cavities but is much simpler both in theory and computation. In addition, the corresponding drag-to-lift ratio of a section is represented as a function of the lift coefficient so that the drag-to-lift ratio of a section can be readily utilized for optimum pitch distribution of the supercavitating propeller to be designed. A brief method of applying the present theory to the preliminary design of supercavitating propellers is explained. (Author)


Introduction: The Burden of Our Times Roger Berkowitz Part I: Hannah Arendt and the Burden of Our Times 1. Imperialism and the Current Financial Crisis Tracy B. Strong 2. No Revolution Required Jerome Kohn 3. Disdain for Politics and the Financial Crisis Antonia Grunenberg Part II: Business Values and The Financial Crisis 4. Capitalism, Ethics, and the Financial Crash David Callahan 5. An Interview with Paul Levy Roger Berkowitz 6. An Interview with Vincent Mai Roger Berkowitz 7. Brazil as a Model? Alexander R. Bazelow 8. Interview with Raymundo Magliano Filho Claudia Perrone-Moises 9. Roundtable: The Burden of Our Times Raymond Baker, Rebecca Berlow, Jack Blum, Zachary Karabel, Thomas Scanlon, and Taun Toay Part III: The Crisis of Economics 10. The Roots of the Crisis Sanjay G. Reddy 11. Where Keynes Went Wrong Hunter Lewis 12. Managed Money, the "Great Recession" and Beyond Dimitri B. Papadimitriou 13. Turning the Economy into a Casino David B. Matias and Sophia V. Burres


This research is based on the problems that exist at junior high school 28 padang, namely the learning model that is less varied, students' learning competencies are still low. Efforts that can be done are applying thelearning model teams games tournament (TGT) with scientific literacy in the  Respiratory  system material at 28 Padang Junior High School. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of thelearning model that Teams Games Tournamen (TGT) contained scientific literacy to the learning competencies of Grade VIII students of 28 SMP Negeri Padang. This research is an experimental research with randomized control group posttest only design. The study population is the students of class VIII Junior high school 28 padang 2018/2019 academic year which spread into nine classes. Sampling research using simple random sampling. The results were selected class VIII.3 as experimental class and class VIII.5 as a control class. The hypothesis in this study was tested using the t-test. The results of the study using the t-test it can be concluded that the competency of students' knowledge of the value of tcount 3,34> ttable 1.67, in the competency attitude the value of tcount is 1,84> ttable 1.67, and the competence of value skills tcount 1,85> ttable 1.67. This shows that the hypothesis is accepted. So, it can be concluded that the application of TGT models with scientific literacy can improve the competency of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of class VIII students of junior high school 28 Padang.


Fuzziness is one of the features of decision making.However,fuzziness is seldom considered in the existing material suppliers assessment models.Thus,the paper introduces Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP)and the factors considered when assessing suppliers.A FAHP based model is then developed to assess suppliers.The FAHP model can help a manufacturer to make an informative decision in assessing its material suppliers.


In this paper the gaps in management of Indian School Education System have been studied keeping in consideration five functions of management i.e., planning, organising, controlling, coordinating and commanding.

Based on the literature survey, it has been found that in the context of management of schools in India, majority of writers have written about planning function, followed by Controlling function. Very few have written about other functions of Management like Commanding, Coordinating and Organising. It is also seen that most of the studies are confined to primary and elementary education. Most of the the research is also confined to the states of UP, Kerala, Andhra, Delhi, and a large number of states have not been part of any study.


Plenty of quantum information protocols are enabled by manipulation and detection of photonic spectro-temporal degrees of freedom via light–matter interfaces. While present implementations are well suited for high-bandwidth photon sources such as quantum dots, they lack the high resolution required for intrinsically narrowband light–atom interactions. Here, we demonstrate far-field temporal imaging based on ac-Stark spatial spin-wave phase manipulation in a multimode gradient echo memory. We achieve a spectral resolution of 20 kHz with MHz-level bandwidth and an ultralow noise equivalent to 0.023 photons, enabling operation in the single-quantum regime.


Background Though guidelines for anti-platelet therapy in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery in the year following drug-eluting stent (DES) placement exist, optimal management of these patients is unknown. Possible influences on provider practice include agreement with guidelines and personal experience with patients who have experienced stent thrombosis. We assessed these influences among VA providers9 practices of anti-platelet use in DES patients with cardiac stents needing surgery in the subsequent year. Methods A national web-based survey was administered to VA cardiologists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists. The survey was distributed by the respective national directors via email. Responses were collected and compared with chi-square tests. Results 297 providers from 80 separate medical centers responded to the survey. Of these, 107 (36.0%) were cardiologists, 88 (29.6%) surgeons, and 92 (31.0%) anesthesiologists. In general, surgeons were less likely than cardiologists or anesthesiologists to continue dual anti-platelet therapy in the peri-operative period (Table 1). Agreement with guidelines did not significant affect these provider dual anti-platelet therapy practices, but personal experience with patients experiencing stent thrombosis increased surgeons9 rates of dual anti-platelet therapy use by over 25% (Table 2). Conclusions Significant variation by provider in anti-platelet management among DES patients exists, which is partially mediated by personal experience with stent thrombosis. This variation points to the need for further clarity in optimal treatment, and the impact of personal experience on management decisions.


This presentation discusses a collaborative project to develop, test, and demonstrate baldcypress forest mapping and monitoring products for aiding forest conservation and restoration in coastal Louisiana. Low lying coastal forests in the region are being negatively impacted by multiple factors, including subsidence, salt water intrusion, sea level rise, persistent flooding, hydrologic modification, annual insect-induced forest defoliation, timber harvesting, and conversion to urban land uses. Coastal baldcypress forests provide invaluable ecological services in terms of wildlife habitat, forest products, storm buffers, and water quality benefits. Before this project, current maps of baldcypress forest concentrations and change did not exist or were out of date. In response, this project was initiated to produce: 1) current maps showing the extent and location of baldcypress dominated forests; and 2) wetland forest change maps showing temporary and persistent disturbance and loss since the early 1970s. Project products are being developed collaboratively with multiple state and federal agencies. Products are being validated using available reference data from aerial, satellite, and field survey data. Results include Landsat TM- based classifications of baldcypress in terms of cover type and percent canopy cover. Landsat MSS data was employed to compute a circa 1972 classification of swamp and bottomland hardwood forest types. Landsat data for 1972-2010 was used to compute wetland forest change products. MODIS-based change products were applied to view and assess insect-induced swamp forest defoliation. MODIS, Landsat, and ASTER satellite data products were used to help assess hurricane and flood impacts to coastal wetland forests in the region.


Introduction: The goal of the current work is to contribute to the critical dialog regarding consequences of different communications about the nature of addiction by offering a new theoretical approach. Specifically, we merge a mindset perspective, which highlights the importance of beliefs regarding the malleability of human attributes, with the attribution literature to explore how messages stressing the changeable vs. fixed nature of addiction influence beliefs and treatment intentions. Method: We crafted a message about addiction designed to induce the belief in the potential to change without influencing self-blame (compensatory-growth mindset message) and compared it to a message focused on the fixed underpinnings of addiction (disease-fixed mindset message). Results: In an online sample of probable substance users (N = 214), we found that the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to participants reporting stronger growth mindsets and efficacy without an impact on blame. Additionally, the compensatory-growth, relative to the disease-fixed message, led to stronger intentions to pursue counseling and cognitive behavioral treatment therapies. Discussion: The current work finds support for an innovative theoretical approach for understanding motivation to seek treatment among individuals with probable substance use problems.


Proofreading a text for misspellings involves detecting spelling errors and then correcting those errors. We examined differences in spelling error detection and correction in adults as a function of type of spelling error. We modified student essays to include phonological (e.g., incredibul), orthographic (e.g., decisian), and morphological (e.g., extention) errors. Participants read and identified spelling errors in an unmarked copy of the essay. They were then given a second copy of the essay and asked to correct the marked spelling errors. Participants detected significantly more phonological errors than orthographic and morphological errors and detected morphological errors the least. There were no significant differences across error type in correction. These findings indicate that knowledge of how to correct an error may be sufficient for detection of phonological errors but is not always sufficient for detection of orthographic and morphological errors. Detection of morphological errors varied with spelling skill. Our results are consistent with the view that good spellers may have a larger memory for word-specific spellings and may have a greater familiarity with orthographic conventions than do average spellers.


School was second place for children to get knowledge and develop skills or talents. A great school and accordance with the character of the child will be able to guide children toward a better future. There are many factors that influence parents in choosing a kindergarten school for children affected from both the internal parents, schools or internal environment. The author would like to see the factors that influence whether parents in choosing a kindergarten school for children and whether there is a relationship between internal indicators of parents, school internally, and the environment. Internal indicators of parents, school internally, and the environment in question include: parent education, parental employment, parental income, school programs, teacher background, facilities, location, promotion, reputation, cost, references, traditions, parents and the learning process. The analysis used were factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that there are seven factors that influence parents in choosing a kindergarten school which factors socio-economic background of parents, location, teacher backgroud, school status, environment, state school, and cost factors. Result of canonical correlation analysis showed that between internal indicators parent with internal school, among parents with the internal environment, and the relationshipbetween internal school and environment provides each significant effect.


Aiming at the trestle of material ropeway of transmission line, the structural design of components was carried out with the combination of 3D design software. Parametric modeling method was adopted to carry out the modeling of components with different structural parameters. The stress status of components of trestle was analyzed, the design load of components was proposed, and the strength of the designed components was checked through finite element simulation analysis. The results show that the components can meet the requirements of structural strength. The proposed method can realize parametric modeling of solid model and effectively improve the design efficiency of material ropeway.


A search for Flavour Changing Neutral Currents was performed using the data taken by the DELPHI detector at LEP2. The data analysed were accumulated at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 189 to 208 GeV. Limits at 95% condence level were obtained on the anomalous coupling parameters and Z. All results are preliminary.


http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/333/7567/530 Updated information and services can be found at: These include: Data supplement http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/333/7567/530/DC1 "References" References http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/333/7567/530#otherarticles 3 online articles that cite this article can be accessed at: http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/333/7567/530#BIBL This article cites 23 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free at:


Three related waveguide devices are described for measuring the dielectric constants of fibers and rods. In each device the sample is located one‐quarter guide wavelength from the shorted end of the waveguide. A slot in the side or end of the guide permits easy insertion and removal of a fiber sample without having to thread it through holes in the waveguide. The dielectric constant along the length of the fibers can be measured as they are rapidly pulled through the device. The technique allows accurate measurement of samples having a wide range of diameters and dielectric constants. Measurements of carbon, nickel alloy, and alumina samples are described, and the experimental sources of error are analyzed.


1. CHIU JT, HAYDIK IB. Sesame seed oil anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;88:414±415. 2. EBERLEIN-KOÈ NIG B, RUEFF F, PRZYBILLA B. Generalized urticaria by sesame seeds with negative prick test results and without demonstrable speci®c IgE antibodies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:560±561. 3. MONERET-VAUTRIN DA, AAGHASSIAN C, KENNY G. Anaphylaxie ``idiopathique'' reÂcidivante au seÂsame. Un allergeÁne alimentaire en expansion. Rev Fr Allergol 1997;34:487±489. 4. STERN A, WUÈ THRICH B. Non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to sesame. Allergy 1998;53:325±326. 5. SCHWARTZ L, METCALFE D, MILLER J, EARL H, SULLIVAN T. Tryptase levels as an indicator of mast cell activation in systemic anaphylaxis and mastocytosis. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1622±1626. 6. SAMPSON HA, MENDELSON LM, ROSEN JP. Fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to food in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 1992;327:380±384.


A large scale weighing lysimeter and main microlysimeters are applied to study diurnal changes of evapotranspiration and soil evaporation in different growing stages of winter wheat. Ratios of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration in each growing stages of winter wheat are investigated. The effects of soil moisture and leaf area index on the ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration, and the change of soil evaporation after irrigation are also analyzed.


Excimer Lasers in Ophthalmology. Principles and Practice . By Charles N I J McGhee, Hugh R Taylor, David S Gartry, Stephen L Trokel. Pp 472. £115.00. London: Martin Dunitz, 1997. ISBN 1-85317-253-7.

Refractive surgery is a rapidly expanding area in ophthalmology, partly due to the introduction of excimer laser which was a huge step forward and is now well established. Many ophthalmologists have not taken a major interest and the vacuum has been filled by non-scientific and commercial groups. Excimer laser surgery has been performed for nearly seven years in humans and it is ironic that most of the initial work has come from Europe and not from the USA; it is only recently, as a result of approval by the American Food and Drugs …


Aquatic environments - Rescue - Humans in aquatic environments - Immersion and drowning - Canoeing and kayaking - White-water rafting - Medical problems in small craft


Cutaneous viral infections and immune suppression are risk factors for some forms of nonmelanoma skin cancer; however, their interrelationship is poorly understood.


The results from two currently running long-baseline neutrino experiments T2K and NO[Formula: see text]A are presented, along with physics program for the next generation experiments — Hyper-K and DUNE. I will focus on hints and prospects of the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector.


1. The effects of theophylline in pyramidal neurones acutely dissociated from the rat frontal cortex were investigated in the whole‐cell configuration, using the nystatin‐perforated patch‐clamp technique. 2. Ten millimolar theophylline evoked triphasic responses: a small slow outward current (Iso), then a large transient outward current (Ito) and finally a slow sustained inward current (Isi). The reversal potentials of the three current components shifted 56‐58 mV for a 10‐fold change in extracellular K+ concentration, thereby indicating that all these current components were predominantly carried by K+. 3. Iso had no voltage dependence, whereas Ito showed a steep outward rectification. Iso was relatively resistant to tetraethylammonium (TEA) with an IC50 of 10 mM. Ito was susceptible to submillimolar TEA with an IC50 of 0.8 mM. 4. Isi was a net inward current mainly resulting from suppression of the M‐current (IM). 5. These three current components had a distinct concentration dependence; in particular, Isi was evoked at a relatively lower concentration range. 6. Ito was not observed when the intracellular Ca2+ was chelated by 1,2‐bis(O‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N',N'‐tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) of 10 mM, using the conventional whole‐cell recording configuration, whereas both Iso and Isi were retained but gradually diminished. 7. In Ca(2+)‐free external solution, these responses were fully elicited by the first application of theophylline. However, Ito disappeared during successive applications and Iso, but not Isi, also decreased. Similar results were obtained in the presence of ryanodine. 8. Theophylline apparently affects three different kinds of K+ currents in rat cortical neurones. Both Iso and Ito depend on internal calcium mobilized from an intracellular Ca2+ store by theophylline, while Isi was not primarily mediated by a change in [Ca2+]i.


The primary objective of this study is to examine the role of push and pull factors in determining consumer trip satisfaction and loyalty to agricultural fairs. We use a modified version of Yoon and Uysal's causal model, initially proposed to evaluate consumers' leisure behaviors. In particular, we utilize an exploratory factor analysis approach to identify latent constructs and a structural equation model to assess the impact of consumers' internal desires for leisure activities (push motivation) and fair attributes (pull motivation) on trip satisfaction and loyalty. Consistent with the existing literature, the structural equation model results show that push and pull motivations play a crucial role in determining visitor satisfaction from attending an agricultural fair. Moreover, both push and pull motivations significantly affect visitor's loyalty directly and indirectly through their impact on trip satisfaction.


Tools to enable joint annotation help in collaborative knowledge building in elearning. EDUCOSM is a system that offers two types of annotation, namely highlights and comments, on any Web-page that are visible to other learners immediately. The tool is built to enable straightforward interaction between the students and the material. Empirical data suggests that the concept of joint annotation can help in processing large amount of material by a large number of students.


Two cases of human copper deficiency following total parenteral nutrition are reported. The clinical, biochemical, and roentgenographic features of the syndrome are discussed and the histologic changes in bone are reviewed. Replacement therapy with copper sulfate rapidly corrects the diverse spectrum of abnormalities in this nutritional disorder.


We show how the multiphoton-ionization matrix element for an atom in a laser field at intensities beyond the regime of perturbation theory can be calculated from the standard Floquet expansion of the electron wave function. We expand the harmonic components in a discrete complex Sturmian basis set, and we evaluate the resulting (divergent) sum for the matrix element by using the Pade method. We present results for partial rates and angular distributions for hydrogen.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, people across the world are worried and are highly concerned. The overall purpose of to study and research was to help society by providing a digital solution to this problem which was a chatbot through which people can at some extent self-evaluate that they are safe or not. In this paper, we propose a chatbot for answering queries related to COVID-19 by using artificial intelligence. Various natural language processing algorithms have been used to process datasets. By artificial neural network, the model is created, and it is trained from the processed data, so that appropriate response can be generated by our chatbot. Assessment of the chatbot is done by testing it with a hugely different set of questions, where it performed well. Also, accuracy of chatbot is likely to increase upon increasing dataset.


Genotoxicity data on commercial azo dyes and their components remain sparse, despite their widespread use. We have tested the mutagenicity of 2‐cyano‐4‐nitroaniline (CNNA) and 2,6‐dicyano‐4‐nitroaniline (CNCNNA), components of azo dyes such as Disperse Blue 165 and Disperse Red 73, in Ames test strains. Both compounds are extraordinarily potent frameshift mutagens, with much greater activity than structurally similar dihalonitroanilines and halodinitroanilines. Analysis of the responses of strains over‐expressing or deficient in bioactivation enzymes shows that bacterial nitroreductase and acetyl CoA: arylamine N‐acetyltransferase are important mediators of the mutagenicity of CNNA and CNCNNA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:10–16, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Activation energy is one of the basic parameters used to estimate the physical and chemical features of optical and electrical phase-change (PC) films. However, its origin has not been discussed well because of insufficient understanding of the amorphous structures. In this paper, we reveal the origin of the activation energy using a GeSbTe-superlattice model and ab-initio local density approximation (LDA) calculations. The simulated energy required for transition from amorphous to crystal formation in a 9-atomic system was 2.34 eV; This is in good agreement with experimentally reported values.


PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for spreading symbols in a communication system are provided to lengthen the hamming distance between effective encoded sequences which are at different transmission rates so that a frame can be decoded accurately. CONSTITUTION: A spreader(216) has a code generator(301) and an exclusive OR circuitry(303). The code generator(301) generates a code having a length and value dependent upon a current vocoder transmission rate. This code is then exclusive OR'd with an incoming data stream to produce spread data. Because each convoluted encoder bit is replaced with an n-bit codeword, conventional problems are greatly reduced. The long strings of zeros generated by conventional symbol repeaters are greatly reduced.


The point at which a process undergoes a significant shift from its usual course is known as change point. Change point analysis entails testing for the presence of change in a given process, and the location of a single or multiple change points. This study presents a maximum likelihood estimate of a single change point in a sequence of independent and identically distributed Poisson random variables which are dependent on some covariates. A Poisson regression model is used to estimate the mean parameter and the likelihood function. A likelihood ratio test is conducted to check whether change exists with critical values of the test being obtained as in Gombay and Horvath [9]. The procedure is validated for simulated data for cases when there is no change and when there is a predefined change point with special application to incidence of road accidents in Kenya.


A characteristic feature of bed conditions over large parts of the arctic region is that the bottom is bare rock or is covered by only a relatively thin layer of sediments. For this reason one of the most difficult--and often one of the most expensive and economically most unpredictable--problems facing the designer of arctic wharves is that of providing lateral support for his wharf structure at the bottom. During the last ten years in which a considerable number of wharves have been designed and constructed in Greenland an almost equally large number of different solutions to this problem have been tried with varying degrees of success. The paper presents some of these solutions with comments as to the experiences gained during construction. In Greenland the problem is aggravated by the fact that on many sites the possibility of drifting ice in the form of icebergs or large floes makes it necessary to use backfilled structures requiring strong lateral supports at the bottom.


Wireless communication standards such as the IEEE 802.11n Wi-Fi standard employ powerful error correcting codes such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes and Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) to achieve reliable transmission. Reliability-Based HARQ (RB-HARQ) schemes have proved to be an efficient alternative approach to incremental redundancy ARQ. This paper proposes a modified RB-HARQ scheme for IEEE 802.11n LDPC codes and combines it with an Unequal Error Protection (UEP) scheme which performs prioritized constellation mapping to exploit the inherent UEP property of the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) constellation. With 16-QAM and a code-rate of ½, the proposed scheme provides a gain of 1.5 dB in Eb/No (ratio of energy per bit to noise power spectral density) and 2% in throughout at a Bit Error Rate (BER) close to 10-1 over a scheme which uses conventional RB-HARQ without UEP. Moreover, with 64-QAM a maximum gain of 4.5 dB in Eb/No is obtained.


The measurements of the properties of the tau lepton are becoming increasingly more precise. We will show that these results can be used to test the Standard Model. In addition, we will illustrate how the hadronic decays of the tau can be used to study the strong interaction.


This paper presents the ageing process of the human body from the homotopy concept in the algebraic topology. The compact connected human body with boundary is assumed to be topologically equivalent to a cylinder. The complex connected cylindrical shape of the body x=S^1*I, described by the functions f,h: x→x is a Cartesian product of the vertical interval I=[0,β] and a circle S^1. The initial state of the body x=S^1*I is the topological shape of the infant. The ageing process called the homotopy is the family of continuous functions f_t(x) on the interval I=[0,α] where α>β and t≥β. It is an increasing sequence of the function f_t(x) of the body x=S^1*I. The homotopy relates the topological shape of the infant to the topological shape of the adult. The homology theory assigns to the human body (x) a sequence of abelian groups H_n(x) for n=0,1,2…and to the continuous function a sequence of homomorphism. The homology group characterizes the number and continuity of the compact surface of human body. The study excludes genetic, hormonal, environmental and other factors in the ageing process and recognizes the fact that ageing continues throughout life, through childhood, and adolescence into adulthood. Topologically the infant is equal to the adult since the infant continuously grows into the adult. The study found an algebraic way of relating homotopy to the process of ageing of human body. It was also established that this could offer other topologists useful topological tips in the application of homotopy to other physical continuous processes.


It is well-known that dazzle, flash-blindness and afterimages may be caused by bright visible optical radiation, but functional relations are not a matter of common knowledge up to now.Since there exist several work areas and places where it might become very important not to be impaired to much as far as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color vision are concerned, like working with machines or at height, with high voltages, driving a vehicle or flying an aircraft, it was the goal of a study to determine the most important relationships and to compare laser and LEDs as far as the capability of temporary blinding is concerned.Two different laser devices, namely a helium-neon laser (632.8 nm), and a frequency-doubled Nd:Yttrium Vanadate laser (Nd:YVO4 laser, 532 nm) as well as 4 different so-called high brightness LEDs (HB-LEDs) (red, green, royal blue, and white) have been applied as a dazzling light source. The maximum power levels which have been used were kept at least 20 percent below the maximum permissible exposure limits in the case of laser radiation and a factor of 8 up to 20 as far as LED radiation is concerned.A total of 19 persons have been tested with laser light and 26 with LEDs. The exposure duration was chosen between 0.25 s and 10 s and various optical power levels have been adjusted. The resulting temporary impairment was determined either with a standard visual acuity measuring system or in a specially developed computer-assisted reading test. Especially the respective disability threshold as a function of exposure duration has been searched and wavelength-dependent values have been found for both laser and LED radiation.The received functional relationships might be used for the derivation of protection limits as far as indirect effects like temporary blinding are concerned.It is well-known that dazzle, flash-blindness and afterimages may be caused by bright visible optical radiation, but functional relations are not a matter of common knowledge up to now.Since there exist several work areas and places where it might become very important not to be impaired to much as far as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and color vision are concerned, like working with machines or at height, with high voltages, driving a vehicle or flying an aircraft, it was the goal of a study to determine the most important relationships and to compare laser and LEDs as far as the capability of temporary blinding is concerned.Two different laser devices, namely a helium-neon laser (632.8 nm), and a frequency-doubled Nd:Yttrium Vanadate laser (Nd:YVO4 laser, 532 nm) as well as 4 different so-called high brightness LEDs (HB-LEDs) (red, green, royal blue, and white) have been applied as a dazzling light source. The maximum power levels which have been used were kept at least 20 percent below the maximu...


The article considers the informational constraints, depriving a user of financial reporting of the opportunity of obtaining reliable and honest information on the specific company resource – business standing. The constraints are stipulated by conceptual inaccuracies, non-compliance with legal form and economic substance, subjectivity of presentation and disclosure of business standing information in accounting. The authors suggest expansion of the informational constraints by virtue of revision of the methodological approaches and methodic tools to the business standing accounting.


This study evaluated the field performance of asphalt pavements with two sequential slurry seal applications, developed per- formance models for asphalt pavements without slurry seals and asphalt pavements receiving slurry seals at various times following con- struction, and identified the optimum time for the application of two slurry seals on asphalt pavements within the Washoe County, Nevada, region. This is a continuation of a previous study in which a single application of slurry seal was investigated. The MicroPAVER system was used to evaluate the long-term pavement performance data collected for the last 15 years and the cost-effectiveness of slurry seals applied to new and existing flexible pavements at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 years after construction. The data generated in this study clearly reveal an optimum time window for slurry seal application. The optimum times and highest relative benefit of application of slurry seals for both overlaid and newly constructed pavements were when the first slurry seal was applied at 3 years after construction, followed by a second slurry seal at year 7 or 9. Accordingly, it was recommended to apply the first slurry seal for newly constructed and overlaid pavements, respectively, when the pavement condition index (PCI) is 90 and 87, followed by a second slurry seal when the PCI reaches a value of 86 and 77. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000521. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Slurries; Asphalt pavements; Maintenance; Benefit cost ratios. Author keywords: Slurry seal; Optimum time of application; Pavement preservation; Maintenance; Performance model; Pavement condition index; Cost-benefit ratio.


Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling has been implicated in tumor development and progression by stimulating angiogenesis, and its molecular mechanisms involving these events are little known in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The aim of this study was to characterize the transcripts expression involved in the SHH pathway (SHH, PTCH1, HHIP, VEGF-A) and microvessel density in these neoplasms. In this study, a total of 50 CECOs, eight non-tumor epithelium adjacent to oral cancer (NTEA), and two oral mucosa obtained from healthy individuals were included. After RNA extraction, complementary DNA was obtained using the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse-Transcriptio. qPCR reactions were conducted in the ABI Prism 7900 using Taqman Gene Expression System. Cq (ΔΔCQ) relative quantification method was perfomed for gene expression analysis. Fifty six paraffin-embedded specimens of OSCC were used for tissue microarray (TMA) and by immunohistochemistry, VEGF and CD34 using EnVision System Advanced TM were used. HHIP and PTCH1 transcripts were detected in OSCC and NTEA indicating their SHH pathway activation. Seventeen (34%) OSCC cases were negative for SHH gene expression. This results indicate that activation of SHH pathway may be either through SHH ligand or not. Our results showed a positive correlation between SHH and HHIP (rs=0.29; p=0.044, Spearman test) and SHH and PTCH1 (rs=0.49; p=0.0003, Spearman test) gene expression in OSCC. The positive correlation between the expression of SHH and VEGF-A (rs=0.37; p=0.0086; Spearman test) suggests an involvement of the SHH pathway on angiogenesis of OSCC, whereas higher levels of VEGF-A expression seems to increase the microvessel density of OSCC (rs=0.55;p=0.0050; Sperman test). Higher levels of transcripts and VEGF-A protein were related to OSCC with perineural invasion and those moderately differentiated. Finally, increased expression of VEGF-A was detected in NTEA (p = 0.034, Mann Whitney test). Thus, the positive correlation between the gene expression of SHH and VEGF-A indicates that pathway could participate in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, VEGF-A gene expression was the only factor that contributed to a greater MVD in our series. In addition, increased expression of this gene and protein was related to more aggressive behavior of OSCC. The expression of HHIP, PTCH1 and VEGF-A in NTEA also indicates that SHH pathway can be activated in the tumor margins and might suggest existence of a field cancerization involving phenotypically normal cells. At the same time, increased gene expression of VEGF-A in this location suggests that adjacent cells to oral cancer could actively participate in the secretion of important growth factors to the tumor developing.


The article discusses the figure and the work of the poet from the Saxon times in Poland. The first part of the article presents some essential biographical data and his most important literary achievements – from his debut poem Trąba wiekopomnej slawy... , through the translations of the Latin works of Ovid and Lucan, to poems written in the Polish language, such as Biblical poems and other cycles of poems. The other part of the article includes a discussion on the history of the reception of Chrościnski's works and the opinions on his literary output given by literary critics and contemporary historians of literature. Diverse and not equivocal opinions emerge – from decidedly favourable to those more restrained and even critical. However, the popularity of the poems written by Chrościnski in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries is remarkable. This popularity wanes in the course of time and slowly but steadily he becomes an unknown author, rarely recalled and selectively cited. The varied and divergent attitudes of historians of literature make us fully accept the following opinion given by Bruckner: "Chrościnski highly deserves a closer study of his literary output". Accordingly, the latter postulate is an invitation to a thorough and deepened investigation of the works of the poet.


Rapid pyrolysis of Taiheiyo coal was studied at 900°C and argon pressure-50atm. An increase in argon pressure to 50atm caused the secondary decomposition of tarry materials in the interspace among coal particles, which led to an agglomeration of coal particles as well as an increase in char yield.It was suggested that the overall pyrolysis of coal proceeded with the following reaction sequence.Decomposition of coal → fast decomposition of volatile → slow reactions between product gases(primary decomposition) (secondary reactions)Compared with slow heating at 3.3°C/min, rapid heating of coal enhanced the yield of unsaturated gaseous hydrocarbons such as ethylene and propylene. The unsaturated hydrocarbons were converted to methane when the secondary reactions were forced to proceed by elevating the pressure or prolonging the residence time of product gases.Effect of pressure and product-gas residence time on the distribution of gaseous hydrocarbons were quantitatively well expressed by a reaction model which was concerned only in the last step in the above sequence.


— The convertible source system for the neutron and the X-ray imagings was installed in the 45MeV electron linear accelerator facility at Hokkaido University. The source system is very useful for a complementary imaging. The imaging measurements for a sample were performed with both beams by using a vacuum tube type image intensifier. The enhanced contrast was obtained from the dataset of the radiograms measured with the neutron and X-ray beams.


Owing to aging, how to sufficiently use the limited resources becomes controversial. Knowing how to estimate medical cost accurately and efficiently becomes an important issue. However, it is common to have dropouts when analyzing medical cost. The naive estimators ignoring the unobservable data may be biased. Lin et al. (1997) suggested partitioning the study duration and estimating the cost of each interval and then constructing the estimate by summing up the cost from each interval. Furthermore, to take into account of the unobservable data, Lin et al. (1997) and Band and Tsiatis (2000) proposed weighted estimators that used the survival probability and uncensored probability as the weight, respectively. Furthermore, the medical cost may be related to many covariates. Baser et al. (2006) suggested using the general linear model for the longitudinal data to model the partitioned cost, where a random intercept is included. This paper extends the model to a more general parametric model. Furthermore, similar to the weighting concept in Lin et al. (1997), we suggest using the survival probability as the weight adjustment which is estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model. Simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the unadjusted and adjusted cost estimators under various scenarios. Finally, the proposed model is implemented on the data extracted from Health Insurance database for patients with the colorectal cancer. ∗Corresponding author. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Int. Statistical Inst.: Proc. 58th World Statistical Congress, 2011, Dublin (Session CPS044) p.4935


Syntheses of COVID-19 intensive care unit medications or their intermediates performed on an automated, modular ODP platform. a–c, Allchemy-designed, waste-to-drug syntheses of key intermediates of cisatracurium (a), and key intermediates of midazolam (b) and propofol (c; last violet arrow is offline decarboxylation). Manufacturing steps of stable hold points and potential purification points in the respective syntheses are depicted. Gray arrows indicate


SUMMARY Collection development in academic libraries has become a difficult process in an era of technological change. Today's academic librarian must not only have subject expertise, but must also balance print and electronic collections, and have familiarity with budgeting skills such as a cost-benefit analysis. The creation and implementation of a Collection Development Policy Statement should be at the heart of all purchasing decisions. This statement should be a written policy, one which employs the ALA Guidelines of Collection Development and one that uses the university's and library's mission statements and strategic plan as its guiding force. The collection development policy needs to be revised in conjunction with the ever changing needs of the library's users and the growth of technology. This article will explore the creation and revision of the Collection Development Policy at St. John's University, New York. The focus is twofold: the need for a written Col


A popular solution for force sensor applications is the integration of strain gauges in microelectromechanical systems. Before such a system can be used, it has to be tested and characterized. Typically, this requires a complete strain gauge integration within an electronic carrier such as ceramics in a pressure sintering process with a typical force of 5000 N acting on a 100 mm x 100 mm specimen, which is costly and mostly not available for laboratory scale investigations due to lack of pressure sintering furnace. To overcome this challenge, we describe a method for the SOI (Silicon-on-insulator) strain gauge integration in ceramics with a force of 3 - 25 N upon a 7 mm × 9 mm specimen. A leverbased pressure application tool for the 0.04 - 0.34 MPa pressure range was successfully employed for this purpose. Targeting a single process configuration of chip-on-ceramic, the reliability of the process results is studied in terms of mechanical stability and electrical connectivity of strain gauge. Finally, the integrated strain gauge is mounted to a 3-point test bench to demonstrate its functionality as a force sensor. The described simple and low-cost fabrication process of the order of € 100 is useful for sensors integration within ceramics, not only for research laboratories but also for industrial manufacturers.


Land Surface Temperature(LST) is a key parameter of the research on regional and global ground surface physical process, which synthetically reflects the result of energy and material exchange [1]. In the interaction and energy exchange between land surface and atmosphere, LST is also the crucial factor of the Land Surface Energy Balance, which is affected by the Surface Radiation Balance and has important application value and plays an important significance on the ecological environment, agricultural meteorology, crop yield estimation, drought monitoring, disaster monitoring, urban environment and hydrological characteristics etc. This paper utilizes the Split-Window Algorithm and related theories to retrieve the land surface temperature of southeast coast of China based on the MODIS data. MODIS 1B data of Terra satellite at 13:19 28/09/2011 is selected. The study area is between 21.0°N ~23.0°N and 117.0°E~123.0°E [2]. To begin with, the author has retrieved the atmospheric transmittance and modified its impact factors from the MODIS data. Then the author calculated the vegetation coverage through the calculating vegetation index and respectively estimated the Surface Emissivity according to the type of vegetation coverage. Finally, the LST was retrieved by adopting the Split-Window Algorithm and then the author analyzed the influence of clouds on the retrieval of LST.