Network processors incorporate several architectural features, including symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), block multithreading, and multiple memory elements, to support the high-performance requirements of current day applications. This article presents automated system-level design techniques for application development on such architectures. We propose integer linear programming formulations and heuristic techniques for process allocation and data mapping on SMP and block-multithreading-based network processors. The techniques incorporate process transformations and multithreading-aware data mapping to maximize the throughput of the application. The article presents experimental results that evaluate the techniques by implementing network processing applications on the Intel IXP 2400 architecture.


Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment, the preventive measures and the maternal-neonatal outcomes of VTE in perinatal period. Methods 42 cases with VTE in perinatal period who were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2009 and January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results(1)37 cases(88.1%) were diagnosed with color Doppler imaging, 5 cases were diagnosed with MRI which suggested that thrombosis positive while color Doppler imaging suggested that thrombosis negative. There were 32 cases(76.2%) with thrombosis in left lower extremity, 9 cases(21.4%) with thrombosis in right lower extremity, 1 case(2.4%) with thrombosis in both lower limbs, 33 cases(78.6%)with central thrombosis, 3 cases(9.5%) with peripheral thrombosis and 5 cases(11.9%) with mixed thrombosis.(2)Treatment:42 cases were treated with anticoagulant therapy of low molecular weight heparin(LMWH), 11 cases were treated with inferior vena cava filters insertion, 6 cases were treated with catheter thrombolysis. There was no lethality pulmonary embolism, and all patients were improved and discharged after the systematic treatment. The situation of vascular recanalization in patients who were treated with catheter thrombolysis was better after 72 hours, 3 months and 6 months compared with which in patients who were treated with anticoagulation alone, there were statistical significance(P 0.05). Conclusion VTE in perinatal period has high incidence, could induce severe complications, should be treated with appropriate therapy and thrombolysis based on anticoagulation through the specific different pregnancy to prevent and reduce the complication, in order to improve the maternal-neonatal outcomes and to reduce the sequela of deep venous thrombosis.


And CD3, other cell surface target antigens such as tumor antigens, e.g. CD19, CDH3, HER2, HER3 or bind to the EGFR antigen, a bispecific antigen binding construct, for example, conjugated antibody to a drug, (ADC) , and discloses methods used. .FIELD 1A


An $f$-edge fault-tolerant distance sensitive oracle ($f$-DSO) with stretch $\sigma \geq 1$ is a data structure that preprocesses an input graph $G$. When queried with the triple $(s,t,F)$, where $s, t \in V$ and $F \subseteq E$ contains at most $f$ edges of $G$, the oracle returns an estimate $\widehat{d}_{G-F}(s,t)$ of the distance $d_{G-F}(s,t)$ between $s$ and $t$ in the graph $G-F$ such that $d_{G-F}(s,t) \leq \widehat{d}_{G-F}(s,t) \leq \sigma d_{G-F}(s,t)$. For any positive integer $k \ge 2$ and any $0<\alpha<1$, we present an $f$-DSO with sensitivity $f = o(\log n/\log\log n)$, stretch $2k-1$, space $O(n^{1+\frac{1}{k}+\alpha+o(1)})$, and an $\widetilde{O}(n^{1+\frac{1}{k} - \frac{\alpha}{k(f+1)}})$ query time. Prior to our work, there were only three known $f$-DSOs with subquadratic space. The first one by Chechik et al. [Algorithmica 2012] has a stretch of $(8k-2)(f+1)$, depending on $f$. Another approach is storing an $f$-edge fault-tolerant $(2k-1)$-spanner of $G$. The bottleneck is the large query time due to the size of any such spanner, which is $\Omega(n^{1+1/k})$ under the Erd\H{o}s girth conjecture. Bil\`o et al. [STOC 2023] gave a solution with stretch $3+\varepsilon$, query time $O(n^{\alpha})$ but space $O(n^{2-\frac{\alpha}{f+1}})$, approaching the quadratic barrier for large sensitivity. In the realm of subquadratic space, our $f$-DSOs are the first ones that guarantee, at the same time, large sensitivity, low stretch, and non-trivial query time. To obtain our results, we use the approximate distance oracles of Thorup and Zwick [JACM 2005], and the derandomization of the $f$-DSO of Weimann and Yuster [TALG 2013], that was recently given by Karthik and Parter [SODA 2021].


The electric propulsion for space vehicles utilizes electric and magnetic fields to accelerate a propellant to a much higher velocity than chemical propulsion does, and, as a result, the required propellant mass is reduced. Among electric propulsion devices Hall thrusters offer much higher thrust density than conventional ion thrusters. Hall thrusters have a merit that it accelerates a quasineutral plasma, and hence is not subject to a space-eharge limit on the electric current. The impeded electrons can ionize the propellant neutral atoms effectively and support a significant axial electric field with equipotentials along the magnetic field lines. The axial electric field accelerates the ions from the anode towards the channel exit, in a direction that is opposite to the axial direction of the electrons. Hall thrusters have enjoyed both experimental and theoretical progress, however they remain far from a fully understood behavior. At present, modeling cannot be used for designing optimized structures in a fully confident way. Even if the basic idea is a rather simple one, the behavior of such discharges is complex and an improved understanding in terms of physics and modeling remains required. However, there is still no model describing adequately plasma dynamics inside the accelerating channeL The importance of developing a reliable model that improves our understanding of the factors which control plasma structure becomes evident when we attempt to improve upon existing Hall thruster designs, particularly regarding the instability of the discharge current, the thrust and the efficiency of the thruster. When we discuss the discharge for the production of the plasma, the instability of the discharge current has frequently been reported[l]. We assume that the Xenon gas is injected into the channel and that the plasma components are electrons, Xenon ions and neutrals. Equations (1) and (2) are the conservation law of positive ions and neutral particles with the creation (positive sign) and annihilation (negative sign) terms of the right-hand side, respectively, where Y is the coefficient of the creational velocity of ions. In the channel of the


After a competitive application process, the APSA Africa Project Steering Committee has selected this year's workshop leaders. The US-based facilitators of the workshop are Parakh Hoon (Virginia Tech) and Lauren MacLean (Indiana University). Their Africa-based colleagues are Joseph Mbaiwa (Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun Campus), Sethunya Mosime (University of Botswana, Gaborone Campus), and Lungisile Ntsebeza (University of Cape Town). The theme of this year's workshop is "Local Communities and the State in Africa." The event will be held in July 2012 at the facilities of the University of Botswana in Gaborone.


Essential oil and nisin are natural compounds that have antimicrobial activity. Both compounds are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The concentration of essential oil and nisin needed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms can be determined using the microdilution method. The combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma zedoaria (v/v) (0.25%; 0.5%; 1%; 2%; and 4%) with nisin (b/v) (62.5 IU; 125 IU; 250 IU; 500 IU; and 1000 IU) could inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus FNCC 0057, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Eschericia coli FNCC 0091, Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070, and Aspergillus niger FNCC 6080. In higher concentration, several combinations gave bacteriocidal effect on Bacillus cereus FNCC 0057, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Eschericia coli FNCC 0091, and Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070. The combination of nisin with Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma zedoaria showed synergistic activities in several target microorganisms.


【Objective】To study the feasibility of laparoscopic and choledochoscopic treating gallbladder deformity in partial cholecystectomy. 【Methods】From April 2008 to April 2012, 36 cases of gallbladder deformity were treated with partial cholecystectomy combined with laparoscopic and choledochoscopic. All the patients were divided into atrophy group(n=16) and fold group(n=20). The deformity at the far-end of gallbladder, ≤1/2 of gallbladder and had evidently chronic inflammation. The atrophy is a gourd-shaped form(1/3=8, 1/4=8); fold deformity in the angulation of≥90 degree(1/2=9,1/3=7,1/4=4). The function of the remain gallbladder was basically normal: ductus cysticus being unobstructed;the thickness of the gallbladder wall≤3 mm; contractibility of gallbladder test ≥30%. The 33 cases had cholelithiasis(91.7%),18 cases had dark bile pigment gallstone(54.5%),15 cases had cholesterol gallstone(45.5%). The deformity was cut off, all calculus taken out with choledochoscopy, 4-0 absorbable thread was used to suture the gallbladder with two consecutive layers. 【Results】All 36 cases were performed successfully: operation time:(108±18) min;exhaust time:(25.9±1.8) h; 2 cases had bile leakage every day 5~10 ml, the drain had been extubated in 4~6day;and the patients were discharged 7 days after the operation. All patients have been followed up: follow-up time: 3~46 months;patient's preoperative clinical symptoms disappeared, and the test of contractibility of gallbladder of postoperative group was better improved than preoperative group(51% ±10%) vs(39%± 7%), t=-11.81; P 0.001. 【Conclusion】Partial cholecystectomy combined with laparoscopic and choledochoscopic is an effective method in treating gallbladder deformity on the condition of well known indication, and it has a great significance in protecting the gallbladder and its function.


A displacement sensor was designed and made for the deformation modulus test of plastic concrete according to the method of full gauge measurement. Such parameters as sensitivity, linearity and repeatability, etc. were obtained after the calibration of the sensor. The results show that the indicators have met the requirements on the class-1 precision. The results from the practical application of engineering test indicate that the designed displacement sensor which is easy to use and high in the degree of precision can meet the needs of practical application of engineering.


A comprehensive framework for the assessment of water and salt balance for large catchments affected by dryland salinity is applied to the Boorowa River catchment (1550 km2), located in south‐eastern Australia. The framework comprised two models, each focusing on a different aspect and operating on a different scale. A quasi‐physical semi‐distributed model CATSALT was used to estimate runoff and salt fluxes from different source areas within the catchment. The effects of land use, climate, topography, soils and geology are included. A groundwater model FLOWTUBE was used to estimate the long‐term effects of land‐use change on groundwater discharge. Unlike conventional salinity studies that focus on groundwater alone, this study makes use of a new approach to explore surface and groundwater interactions with salt stores and the stream.


In this paper, we first describe the design experiment, an experimental method used to examine design processes. The results of design experiments were analyzed in two different approaches. One was to outline transitions of object descriptions and the designer's viewpoint. The other was to extract a design cycle which was a unit design process, and we found that design processes are composed of such design cycles. Secondly, we show a framework for logical formalization of design processes which is expected to serve as a basis for developing a design knowledge representation language for intelligent CAD systems. In this formalization, design processes are interpreted as deductive processes in which not only classical logic but also modal logic and non-monotonic logic are used. This framework explains experimental data obtained in the design experiment and is considered appropriate to represent design processes.


Frailty represents vulnerability to poor health outcomes, resulting from multiple determined decrease in the ability to respond to stress. Two approaches predominate in quantifying frailty: the deficit accumulation or frailty index approach and syndromic or frailty phenotype approach. The deficit accumulation model postulates that frailty is a health state representative of organism homeostasis. A frailty index score is the proportion of health deficits present out of a number of health deficits assessed (Mitnitski et al. 2001). For example, using Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (routine in geriatric care), of 50 items that might be assessed, a person in whom 15 were recorded as deficits would have a frailty index score of 15/50 = 0.30. Conversely, the frailty phenotype identifies five features: weight loss, low grip strength, physical inactivity, slow walking speed, and fatigue. Having none of these indicates "robust," presence of one or two is deemed "pre-frail," while three or more indicates "frail." (Fried et al. 2001). Key Research Findings


The majority of research on labour flexibility in a DRC job-shop has focused on the situation where all workers are equally trained. In practice, it is likely that workers would not be trained equally and would possess different skills. In this paper, the situation where workers receive different levels of training across the various departments as well as possessing different levels of proficiency at each task is studied. Research results suggest that, even at the same level of shop flexibility, the mixture of cross training can have a significant impact on shop performance. Indeed, results suggest that it is better to have a mix of workers with no flexibility and some workers with very high flexibility rather than all workers with equal flexibility.


firstname.lastname@example.com purpose of this study was to find the right position of fishing gear. If the goal was reached, this study is expected to provide benefits for fishermen in the field of arrest. The comparison of two arm and four arm straps were to determined the position of fishing gear on surface water. According to the period of fishing gear, the shift of fishing gear, the experimental results showed that the gear four arm straps on 49.6 cm / sec flow velocity, it can be said that fishing gear is better than two more stout rope arm movements.


: The present study was carried out to determine the knowledge and training needs of the fish farmers on aquaculture practices and to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the fish farmers and their knowledge and training needs. Five villages, namely sutiakhali, vabokhali, boyra, gouripur and mirzapur under Bangladesh Agricultural University Extension Centre (BAUEC) command area were the locale of the study. Fifty fish farmers, 10 from each village were randomly selected as a sample of the study. Data were collected from the sampled fish farmers by using a pre-tested and finally refined structured interview schedule through the personal interview method. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) was computed to explore the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge and training needs on aquaculture practices. Aquaculture knowledge and training needs of the fish farmers were the focus variable and selected ten characteristics of the respondents constituted the explanatory variables of the study. About 10% of respondents had high aquaculture knowledge, 22% had medium knowledge, 52 had average knowledge and 16% of respondents had low knowledge of carp polyculture. The average knowledge score of the surveyed fish farmers stood at 2.43 which imply that the BAUC fish farmers have low aquaculture knowledge needing immediate training and extension support to continue fish culture operations on a profitable basis. The training needs for 'stocking densities', ranked first, 'species selection' was second, ' sampling and growth monitoring' was third, 'pond biology', was fourth and Fish production planning' was fifth. Correlation analyses indicated that five characteristics of the fish farmers, namely household size, farm size, annual income, organizational participation and training received had significant positive relationships with their knowledge and training needs on aquaculture. The age, years of schooling and communication exposure showed no significant relationships with their aquaculture knowledge and training needs and showed a negative trend.


Quantum sensors based on fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have emerged as potential nanosensors for measuring the physical parameters inside single cells due to their remarkable photostability and u...


For a known distribution of sources, the variance of the distribution function of samples can be obtained by applying mathematical statistics. A statistical method, called the 1 sigma distribution function deviation test, is defined and introduced to test this kind of distributions. We find that, when random variables vary continuously, a sample passing the test also passes any other statistical test which depends on the deviation of a statistic from its expected value at the 1 sigma confidence level. In particular, the sample passes the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at the same confidence level. This new method is suitable for testing the distribution of gamma-ray bursts as well as the luminosity function of quasars.An example of application of the new test is also presented in this paper.


This article discusses the responses to a number of recent court cases concerning the equal treatment of women and homosexuals amongst Dutch orthodox reformed in the semi-public sphere (e.g. political parties, schools). In doing so, this article applies and refines legal anthropological theories on the realization of rights in a context of cultural and religious diversity. It also specifically addresses the responses to court cases launched "from the outside" in the context of a western country with a tradition of code law. These cases have an adverse effect on discussions of equal treatment within the communities concerned.


Radar application needs vast PA, that should consist of compactness, worth while and cheap. Proposed way tells theoretical analysis and design of GaN MMICPA adopting microstirp radial stub in both input side and output side matching network which is useful for X-band Radar applications that cover the range of 8.5 GHz to 9.5 GHz. our design focus on microstrip technology which uses radial stub for the better matching. proposed design covers a 4W (36 dBm) output power from a 23 dBm input with a 40% Power Added Efficiency (PAE) and a 13 dB gain in CW-mode operation with a 28V drain voltage.The proposed architecture was done on the 0.25μm gate length GaN on SiC process of UMS (GH25) using Keysight ADS 2017 with die size of 1.8 x 2.4 mm2.


France, together with Italy, is the only West European country in which a Communist party occupied the main political space on the left for several decades. Since the end of the 1970s, however, the French Communist Party (PCF) suffered a net decline, to the point of becoming a secondary or even marginal force by the early 1990s. The radical left Maoist and Trotskyist parties, which had tens of thousands of members in the 1970s, also declined. Nonetheless, in the wake of the great strike of November–December 1995 (against Prime Minister Alain Juppé's proposed cuts in pensions and social security), these political forces, which some had consigned to a premature grave, experienced a certain renewal. The PCF obtained 10 percent of the votes in the 1997 legislative elections; then, in the regional elections of 1998, the Revolutionary Communist League (Ligue communiste révolutionnaire, LCR) had a breakthrough that was confirmed in the European elections of 1998 and then, above all, in the 2002 presidential election (the most important election in France because of the powers of the president), where its candidates got 10 percent of the votes while the PCF candidate Robert Hue, hampered by turmoil in the party, got barely over 3 percent. One can add to this some of the votes of the Green party (henceforth, "Europe écologie les verts"), reflecting their left wing. After the 2005 referendum on the European Constitution and the resounding victory of "No" (almost 55 percent, with a participation rate of nearly 70 percent), one might have


Summary The purpose of this study was to examine Guamanian second‐graders' short‐ and long‐term prewriting preferences. Good literature books were used to stimulate writing; thus the study also examined if a child's favourite or longest story would be influenced by the good literature selection, the prewriting strategy or the phase of the study in which the story was written. The children wrote three times weekly. Prewriting strategies, trained classroom instructors and good literature selections were counterbalanced. Likert‐scale preference measures were administered to assess short‐ and long‐term student preferences. In addition, children chose their favourite prewriting strategy and favourite story written at the conclusion of the six‐week study. Teachers' perceptions of the prewriting strategies used in the study were examined using an evaluation instrument containing open‐ended items. Frequency counts were used to assess when favourite and longest stories were written. Mean scores were calculated to ...


Production Planning and Scheduling is an important field in the production management. Most researchers focused on the optimization of one single enterprise, thus the whole benefit of the supply chain was ignored. This paper studied the production scheduling of the agricultural and mechanical enterprise from the point of the supply chain, furthermore, enterprise bionics was applied in the supply chain. A new direction was put forward.


Accepted : December 22, 2019 HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Acha JL, Yaya-Loo H, Yabar D, Quispe-dextre J, Herrera-Orellana D, Pasache-Juarez J. Minimally invasive surgery using mini-pterional interfascial approach for the clipping of a ruptured aneurysm of the right carotid bifurcation at Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima-Peru. Peru J Neurosurg 2020; 2(1): 27-31 Peru J Neurosurg | Vol 2 | Issue 1| 2020 27 CASE REPORT


JavaScript is the most popular programming language for web applications. Static analysis of JavaScript applications is highly challenging due to its dynamic language constructs and event-driven asynchronous executions, which also give rise to many security-related bugs. Several static analysis tools to detect such bugs exist, however, research has not yet reported much on the precision and scalability trade-off of these analyzers. As a further obstacle, JavaScript programs structured in Node.js modules need to be collected for analysis, but existing bundlers are either specific to their respective analysis tools or not particularly suitable for static analysis. In this paper we propose a novel approach to compare the precision, scalability and code coverage of two widely-used static analysis frameworks---WALA and SAFE---together with simplePack, which analyzer-agnostically bundles dependent modules, enabling a fair comparison. To appropriately evaluate the precision of the analyzers, we select all equivalent user object and variable references, and compute their properties' average points-to set sizes. Our evaluation indicates that SAFE provides higher precision and better code coverage at the cost of a somewhat lower scalability. Evaluating the simplePack bundler manifests that the static call graph of its bundle is more precise compared to the bundle produced by Browserify, one of the most popular module bundlers. Based on these results, we analyze the data flows of a hybrid app (JS & native) provided by an industrial partner via taint analysis. To that end we modeled the native (platform) functions of the app in a DSL for SAFE and extended its taint analysis to support tainted objects rather than only primitive type data. We show that there is potential for injection attacks, as tainted objects may reach the sink without being sanitized.


In this work, a continuous-control-set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) strategy, with a saturation scheme for protection, is presented for regulating the circulating currents of a modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C). The proposed approach is based on a state-space model of the M3C and allows protection and better utilization of the devices through a saturation scheme, which directly limits the arm currents and cluster output voltages by integrating the corresponding bounds as constraints of the CCS-MPC formulation. In order to solve the inherent optimization problem associated with the CCS-MPC, an active-set algorithm is implemented. Experimental and simulation results from a 27-cell M3C prototype validate the proposed strategy and illustrate the good performance achieved with the methodology presented in this work.


Atomaria (s. str.) lapponica n. sp. from Petsamo and northern Sweden, A. (s. str.) ihsseni n. sp. from East and West Germany, Czechoslovakia and Austria, and A. (Anchicera) lundbergi n. sp. from northern Sweden and southern Finland, are described. A. (s. str.) elongatula Erichson (herminea Reitter, n.syn.) is elevated to specific rank and distinguished from A. (s. str.) abietina Reitter (norica Ganglbauer, n. syn.); both north and central European records are given for each species. The north Swedish A. (s. str.) sjoebergi Palm is a n. syn. of umbrina (Gyllenhal).


The activity of metadata assignment for the cataloging of an architectural design demands, more than time, a process of reflection about the production of architecture. Thus, in this activity seeks a didactic strategy for teaching/learning architectural design, which is interpreted as a mechanism of meta - cognition. Exercises are promoted in which the students of architecture reflect about their own production of designs, assigning key words to characterize them, initially without structured references for this characterization but later establishing a taxonomy of available architectural domain. The results point to the validation of the strategy, demonstrating the potential of the exercise.


Calcareous sand is characterized by low strength, multiporosity, and high-pressure shrinkage. This often leads to poor engineering properties. Therefore, it is often necessary to reinforce the calcareous sand in order to meet the actual engineering demand for bearing capacity. To study the modification effect of calcareous sand of nanoclay by cement, mechanical tests and microscopic tests of the cement calcareous sand (CCS) modified by different nanoclay content and cement content were conducted. Through the unconfined compressive test, the mechanical properties of nanoclay and cement compound modified calcareous sand (NCCS) were studied. The micromechanism of nanoclay and cement composite modified calcareous sand was analyzed by SEM. Representative curves of data groups of stress and strain data were obtained by the fusion algorithm, which effectively circumvented the discrete distribution of determined data. Test results showed that the following: (1) The compressive property of CCS could be improved by the admixture of nanoclay, and the optimum admixture ratio was 8%. (2) The admixture of nanoclay could enhance the deformation modulus of CCS and improve the resistance of CCS against external load deformation capacity. (3) Nanoclay could increase the density of the internal structure of CCS and improve its mechanical properties.


Poverty is a problem faced by all countries in the world, especially the developing countries, such as Indonesia. Poverty is a complex issue that is affected by a variety of interrelated factors, such as people's income levels, unemployment, health, education, access to goods and services, geographic location, gender, and location the environment. The number of poor population in Central Java is relatively lebihtinggi compared to laindi province of Indonesia, that is occupying ranked second in the number of poor population the largest in Indonesia after East Java. This research aims to analyze how and how much the variable influences the human development index, GDP per capita, and the number of poor population against unemployment in Jambi province in the year 2016. Methods of analysis in this study using multiple linear regression analysis with the method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) that use data between spaces (cross section) district/town in Jambi province year 2016 with the help of software Eviews 4.1. The results of this research indicate that the variable is the human development index (HDI) a negative and significant effect against the poor population in the province of Jambi, the per capita GDP is negative and significant effect against the number of poor population in The province of Jambi, the unemployment and the number of positive and significant effect against the poor population in the province of Jambi. Keywords : population of the poor, the human development index (HDI), GDP per capita, and the number of Unemployed


The results of the therapy of Lercamen on treatment in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy pas been analysed in the article. There were examined 60 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy. The efficacy and security of clinical application were determined. The specimen has effectively proved to be in the attitude of positive changes of a cerebral blood-groove. The selection operation of a specimen in the attitude of a heightening of opportunities of a cerebrovascular redundancy of a cerebral circulation and selective effect at venous system of a brain is marked.


An integrated I/Q modulator is presented, implementing a static frequency divider for local oscillator (LO) quadrature phase splitting, Gilbert cell switching mixers for direct upconversion, and fabricated in a high speed Indium-Phosphide HBT process. LO quadrature is fine-tuned by a control voltage with 0.18 degrees/mV for 2.14 GHz operation. Single-sideband conversion gain ranges from -14 to -23 dB across the LO frequency range of 50 MHz to 26 GHz. Single-carrier W-CDMA ACPR ranges from -64 dBc to -53 dBc for approximately -20 dBm output power. Output intercept point (OIP3) ranges from +14 dBm at 50 MHz to +4.6 dBm at 26 GHz.


This study assesses the energy and water use of saltcedar (or tamarisk) as biomass for biofuel production in a hypothetical sub-region in New Mexico. The baseline scenario consists of a rural stretch of the Middle Rio Grande River with 25% coverage of mature saltcedar that is removed and converted to biofuels. A manufacturing system life cycle consisting of harvesting, transportation, pyrolysis, and purification is constructed for calculating energy and water balances. On a dry short ton woody biomass basis, the total energy input is approximately 8.21 mmBTU/st. There is potential for 18.82 mmBTU/st of energy output from the baseline system. Of the extractable energy, approximately 61.1% consists of bio-oil, 20.3% bio-char, and 18.6% biogas. Water consumptive use by removal of tamarisk will not impact the existing rate of evapotranspiration. However, approximately 195 gal of water is needed per short ton of woody biomass for the conversion of biomass to biocrude, three-quarters of which is cooling water that can be recovered and recycled. The impact of salt presence is briefly assessed. Not accounted for in the baseline are high concentrations of Calcium, Sodium, and Sulfur ions in saltcedar woody biomass that can potentially shift the relative quantities of bio-char and bio-oil. This can be alleviated by a pre-wash step prior to the conversion step. More study is needed to account for the impact of salt presence on the overall energy and water balance.


The aim of this study was to investigate the neurocognitive processes mediating the processing of emotional information during the integration of contextual and social information in a schizotypal population.


This study was conducted to assess biochemical changes during the fermentation of Adansonia digitata fruit pulp Yoghurt. The Baobab fruit pulp Yoghurt was prepared in the Laboratory using the conventional method. Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures while a control was produced without the starter cultures. The chemical composition, nutritional content and enzyme activity of the Baobab fruit pulp Yoghurt were determined during its fermentation period at every three hour interval using standard procedures. The proximate composition of the test Baobab fruit pulp yoghurt was 75.72 – 77.52% Moisture, 5.43 – 7.16% Protein, 4.86 – 5.85% Fat, 0.72 – 0.99 Ash, 0.67 – 0.95% Fibre and 8.98 – 10.78% carbohydrate. At the end of fermentation time, there was significant difference between the test and control Baobab fruit pulp yoghurt at 5% level of significance. The levels of Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K) were found to be in the range of 4.8 – 16.3 mg/ml, 0.4 – 1.2mg/ml, 3.0 – 5.9mg/ml, 19.9 – 25.3mg/ml and 3.0 – 4.0mg/ml respectively. The activity of the enzyme Amylase, Protease and Lipase measured in unit/ml were found to be in the range of 1.30 – 5.33, 0.00 – 5.69 and 0.89 – 2.31 respectively. The results of proximate analysis and mineral determination showed that the product is chemically and nutritionally rich. The addition of Baobab fruit pulp improved the quality of the Yoghurt. Baobab fruit pulp Yoghurt is therefore recommended for human consumption based on its good chemical and nutritional quality.


This paper begins to establish an 'aesthetic of the unknown' by drawing together theorists and approaches from mainstream art criticism to provide a starting-point for an aesthetic sympathetic with Jungian perspectives, in an attempt to bridge a gap between contemporary abstract painting, contemporary art theory, and Jungian studies. This is a framework for approaching abstract painting not as an object awaiting interpretation or 'reading', but rather as something that offers a numinous experience (or experience of the unknown), which can be thought about but may remain ultimately unknowable and irreducible. Such experience – involving both the unconscious and conscious mind – would provide glimpses of forms of meaning not accessible to full rational exposition. This type of unconsciously understood meaning is explored, acknowledging that there is a need to preserve this encounter with the unknown and a need for a contemporary critical, theoretical framework that recognises the importance of this within a...


The statement and candidate solution of a problem of maintenance of acoustic comfort in a working area and on the accumbent residential district of pump stations of water handlings and water drain is adduced. The functional capabilities of the designed specialized software "Expert" are described.


The technique known as Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) promises producing Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) bounds for real-time systems' tasks based on the analysis of execution time measurements through Extreme Value Theory (EVT), a statistical framework designed to estimate the probability of extreme events. For that MBPTA requires the analysed tasks' maximum observed execution times to adhere to an extreme value distribution, such as Gumbel or Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), and allows determining execution time values expected to be exceeded only with arbitrarily small probabilities. Several works on the area assume that the Gumbel model should be employed in such analysis, while others consider GEV, which generalizes Weibull, Gumbel and Fréchet models, would be more adequate. In this work we perform an empirical assessment on the reliability and tightness of the WCET bounds determined through the GEV and Gumbel models. We do so by comparing the yielded estimates and their associated confidence intervals against the maximum values observed on large samples (e.g. of size 100 million), of both real and synthetic nature, as the modelling sample size is increased.


Septal surgery is the most common cause of septal perforation, but traumatic, iatrogenic, caustic, or inflammatory causes may also lead to perforation. Conversion of the normally laminar flow of air to turbulent flow through the nasal passages generates the sensation of nasal obstruction, facial pain, and pressure. Crusting around the perforation edge, which is often associated with whistling, bleeding, parosmia, and neuralgia, can develop and result in the patient seeking medical care. Local hygiene and conservative care remain the first line of treatment, but when they are unsuccessful at relieving symptoms, closure of the perforation is considered. Repair is made difficult by the limited exposure and the availability of only friable mucosa with impaired vascular supply. The failure rate of attempts to close septal perforations can be as high as 80%. Thorough preoperative management and selection of the appropriate surgical technique are essential to the successful repair of septal perforations. With an external rhinoplasty approach and bilateral, posteriorly based mucosal flaps, perforations up to 3 cm can be reliably closed. Larger perforations (3.0 to 4.5 cm) require a 2-staged technique, with a midfacial degloving approach to transpose posteriorly based, expanded mucosal flaps.


The authors describe a new approach they have developed to provide a reliable medical history on admission from GP practice records. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd


The phenomena of momentum and heat transfer associated with an impulsively started spherical particle in a quiescent argon thermal plasma environment is considered. The changing plasma thermodynamics and transport property effects are studied using a Chebyshev-Legendre spectral method. Steady-state solutions for the case of constant sphere surface temperature are obtained and compared with previously published results. Transient solutions with particle internal heat conduction included are also presented. Results indicate that the magnitude of the drag force increases as the plasma free-stream temperature increases, while the Nusselt number decreases with increasing free-stream temperature. Effects due to different initial particle temperatures on the transient Nusselt number and drag coefficient are demonstrated.


There is a strong theoretical supposition in the political science literature that civil unrest in a political jurisdiction is a consequence of the 'relative deprivation' of the population within its borders. This proposition is tested empirically in this paper, with respect to incidence of attempted coups d'etat across fifty-four countries in 1981. The findings suggest that relative economic deprivation does precipitate political unrest. Social deprivation, as measured by repression of the population, also incites a demand for political change, although repression has a predictable supply-side effect of dampening the population's ability to translate demand for political change into actuality.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of late intracytoplasmic sperm injection(L-ICSI) using total fertilization failured(TFF) oocytes by conventional in vitro fertilization(IVF).Methods: Between January 2002 and February 2007,TFF oocytes by conventional IVF in 86 couples were performed intracytoplasmic sperm injection.In the second trial,14 couples with unexplained infertility or endometriosis were treated by Half-ICSI in 2006.Results: The fertilization rate of L-ICSI oocytes(57.2%) was lower than that of ICSI oocytes right after retrieval(73.6%)(P0.01),the number of transferable embryos decreased,the clinical pregnancy and delivery rate were very low(only 1/86).For 31 couples who showed unexplained TFF on the first conventional IVF attempt and failed to conceive after L-ICSI,a second attempt was carried out,in which ICSI was used as the only insemination technique on the day of oocyte retrieval.13 viable pregnancies were achieved,yielding a 41.9% pregnancy rate per cycle.Fertilization rate and cleavage rate were similar in L-ICSI and in Half-ICSI,whereas clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in Half-ICSI than that in L-ICSI(50.0% vs 1.2%,respectively).Fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate in Half-ICSI were not significantly different from those in fresh cycle ICSI(67.6% vs 71.2% and 50.0% vs 38.2%,respectively).Conclusions: Our results suggest that L-ICSI can hardly be a successful rescue for the conventional IVF failure.We recommend the use of Half-ICSI to treat suitable indicated infertile couples to avoid TFF and to improve clinical pregnancy rate.


We live in a world profoundly reliant on product standards. Faxes can be sent around the world because fax machines obey a common protocol. Computer files can be shared because computers employ various standardized hardware and software formats. The need for product standards is not a new phenomenon. In biblical times, the lack of a common (standardized) language wreaked havoc at the Tower of Babel (Shapiro, 2000). In more recent times, during the great Baltimore fire of 1904, fire fighters called in from neighbouring cities were unable to fight the blaze effectively because their hoses would not fit the hydrants in Baltimore.


Every tenth Norwegian child has been in contact with the child welfare services (CWS) before age 18. This paper describes the variation in background characteristics of CWS children with different types of services and their life-course trajectories from ages 10 to 25, compared to other children. We use high-quality population-wide Norwegian register data, covering about 860 000 children from birth cohorts 1987-2001, of which roughly 85 000 have received a CWS initiative. CWS children typically have lower socioeconomic backgrounds than other children. In terms of individual outcomes, they are more likely to have a criminal charge, be prescribed drugs for mental health and ADHD, fail in the educational system, and experience labor market marginalization. However, the heterogeneity among CWS children receiving different initiatives is more pronounced than differences between those in contact and those not. Adolescents with multisystemic therapy (MST) have the most unfavorable life-course patterns, in line with children in childcare institutions. Still, MST youth enter CWS late and have an advantaged family background compared to other CWS children, suggesting that individual-level risk factors are particularly important for sorting into MST.


The article deals with the issue of the "cultural mission" of the Russian educational system in the Turkestan region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Having studied the materials of the publicistic and periodical press, the author of the article concludes that the primary task of the school education in Turkestan was not just to maintain the educational level in general, but to demonstrate the superior level of Russian culture (in comparison with the indigenous population of Central Asia). Russian educational system in this region was constantly changing, trying to carry out its "cultural mission" initially through ordinary schools, then through specially created Russian-native ones, while encountering resistance from the influential traditional Muslim school. Still that "cultural mission" was impeded by the low level of literacy and education of the Russian settlers, the non-satisfactory training of teachers, and the half-heartedness of the administrative measures taken.


Hygroma renalis is a disorder caused by abnormal development of the renal lymphatic system. The lack of interaction between the renal system and the rest of lymphatic system leads to obstruction and dilatation of lymphatic channels around the kidneys. A 27-year-old male patient was referred to the urology department as a result of a bilateral renal mass. He had been followed up for focal glomerulosclerosis since 2005. He had borderline hypertension. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were 1.56 mg/dL and 26 mg/dL, respectively. Loculated cystic lesions were observed surrounding both kidneys in 2008. These lesions measured 20 cm around the right kidney and 12 cm around the left. Cytological examination of aspiration fluid from the left retroperitoneal lesion showed benign hypocellularity. Follow-up radiological studies showed increased perirenal fluid that squeezed and displaced the right kidney anteromedially (Fig. 1a). The patient opted for laparoscopic surgery from among the options discussed during consultation. A transperitoneal approach with three trocars was carried out. After the initial trocar placement, the perirenal fluid was aspirated under direct vision to enlarge the working space in the abdomen (Fig. 1b). The ascending colon was displaced medially by the mass. The large area overlying the kidney bordered by the lateral muscles of the abdomen laterally, the ascending colon medially and the liver superiorly was completely excised (Fig. 1c). The anteromedial surface of the kidney was opened to the peritoneal cavity (Fig. 1d). The lateral attachments of the kidney were preserved to maintain stable placement. The procedure was completed without any complications. No drain was placed. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was discharged on the second day after the surgery. The perirenal fluid sample was negative for tuberculosis, based on polymerase chain reaction and microbiological culture. Pathological examination of the removed tissue showed chronic inflammation and fibrosis – confirming lymphangiomatosis. Follow-up studies included renal ultrasonography, serum biochemistry and blood pressure monitoring, which showed stable left perirenal fluid, normal right kidney and no intraabdominal ascites. Serum creatinine was stable at approximately 1.6 mg/dL, and he was put on single antihypertensive medication at his first control visit in the third month of follow up. Renal peripelvic lymphatic cysts were first described in 1889. This pathology has been referred to as renal lymphangiomatosis, peripelvic lymphangiectasia and renal peripelvic multicystic lymphangiectasia. The histological spectrum consists of cystic, papillary, cavernous and vascular-lymphatic malformations. The relationship between glomerulosclerosis and hygroma renalis is not clear, and remains speculative. Asymptomatic cases can be treated conservatively, whereas symptoms and complications show the need for surgical treatment. Although percutaneous drainage and sclerotherapy are effective, they are not an option when recurrence occurs in such large lesions, as these lesions are expected to be complicated with lobulations and extravasations with percutaneous drainage. In cases with a large perirenal fluid collection, a laparoscopic approach and peritonealization of the kidney can be an effective, single-step treatment. The principle is basically the same as in


geometry E.L. Claveau, U. Shumlak, B.A. Nelson, A.D. Stepanov, Y. Zhang 1 University of Washington, Seattle, USA Introduction The Fusion Z-pinch Experiment (FuZE) produces a 0.3 cm radius by 50 cm long Z-pinch between the end of the inner electrode of a coaxial plasma gun and an end wall 50 cm away. The plasma column is stabilized for thousands of instability growth times by an embedded radially-sheared axial plasma flow, a method proposed in [1] and demonstrated experimentally in other sheared flow-stabilized Z-pinch devices, ZaP and ZaP-HD [2]. Temperatures of 1-2 keV and peak densities of 1 × 10 m are obtained in a 200 kA Z-pinch sustained for 5-8 μs. Recently, FuZE demonstrated sustained generation of neutrons over thousands of instability growth times [3], suggesting its viability as a thermonuclear power plant for a future device operating at higher current.


We present modeling of the spatial instabilities in nematicon propagation where the long range interaction in liquid crystals is taken into account with a correlated noise. The experimental measurements support the numerical results.


Objective To explore effects of simple obesity on children's constitution and health status,provide theoretical basis for the prevention and early intervention in simple obesity. Methods Combined with requirements of "national student physical health standard" of the Ministry of Education and State Sports General Administration,according to Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL),constitution and health status of 103 cases simple obesity children and 102 cases normal children were comparative analysed. Results 1)The body shape indexes included body mass index,chest circumference,skinfold thickness in obese children were significantly higher than those in proportion group.2)Vital capacity body mass index of physiological in obesity group was lower than those in proportion group.3)In the physical quality target,standing long jump,solid ball,sit-and-reach and grip strength index of obesity group were lower than those in proportion group.Obesity group spent more time than proportion group on 25m×2shuttle run.4)Psychological quality and social adaptation ability of obesity group were lower than those of proportion group.5)Comprehensive evaluation of physique health indexes,the excellent and good rate and compliance rate of obesity group were 11.7% and 67.0%,proportion group were 59.8% and 91.2%. Conclusion Simple obesity significantly affects children physical shape,physiological function,physical,psychological quality and social adaptation ability,and it is harmful to the healthy growth of children,so medical and educational worker should pay close attention to it.


Whistler waves launched from an antenna damp away for small incident power. With increasing power, undamped nondiverging waves (the ducted waves) are observed, together with a field‐aligned density trough and electron heating. However, the density trough is found not only in the wave propagation regime (ω/ωc<1), but also in the wave evanescence regime (ω/ωc≳1). This implies that the density depression is mainly created by the effect of the antenna near‐zone field rather than by the wave radiation pressure. The intense localized field near the antenna gives rise to electron heating which leads to the density trough. The ducting of antenna‐launched whistler waves has been explained as a filamentation instability in terms of nonlinear wave‐plasma interactions.


The study of isolated coronay heart disease (iCHD) (n=17) and CHD+T2DM (n=17) showed that the serum level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and CHD scores increased in CHD+T2DM group than in iCHD grup, and was positively correlated with CHD scores in CHD population (all P0.01).


The aim of this study is to analyze the concept of the theory and practice of the Fellowship Program Introduction to Teaching (Pibid), implemented by the federal government since 2007, in degrees, in general, and in the degree in Psychology in particular. This is on the assumption that this government program reflects some


In hydropower plants the kinetic energy of falling water is captured to generate electricity. In this process, the formation of vortices with an air core at the power intake entrances is expected at lower reservoir levels. The entrainment of air and swirl into the power tunnels leads to a reduction of power generation and vibration and damage to the turbine blades. To use the maximum potential of water power at lower reservoir levels when water is scarce, it is necessary to prevent vortex formation. Anti-vortex devices are usually considered as an efficient method for vortex prevention. The Godar-e-Landar Dam and Hydropower Plant is sited on the Karun River in the province of Khuzestan, Iran, with the capacity of 2000 MW. There are four horizontal power intakes where the capacity of each intake is equal to 375 m 3 /s. The dam is a rock fill type with 170 m height from the foundation. The dam has a gated spillway with an ogee chute and stilling basin. In the present work a physical model was used to study the formation and prevention of air core vortices at power intakes of the dam. Studies showed that vortices form when the reservoir water level decreases from a certain elevation and air enters the power tunnels. The performance of anti-vortex walls was therefore examined to eliminate vortices or reduce their strength and prevent entrainment of air. The anti-vortex walls were constructed on top of each intake to increase the friction stresses within the vortex path. To distinguish the vortex type, light colorful objects were released in the flow. Results of experiments showed Type 4 vortices (which may be a stronger air core Type 6 in prototype) reduced to a weak vortex Type 2 and 1 when an anti-vortex wall was installed. Moreover, the vortices became very unstable.


Malignant melanoma is an unpredictable disease, known to metastasize early even in thin melanomas.
Historically the presence of intraabdominal metastasis meant poor prognosis with a 5-year survival of less
than 20%. That has significantly changed with effective systemic therapy (EST), with most recent studies
reporting 5-year survival of up to 50%. Metastasecectomy for resistant disease has been considered in Stage
IV disease, however there is very little literature on the combination of EST and metastasectomy. This report
describes a case of Stage IV malignant melanoma patient who developed resistant disease within her
gallbladder fundic wall. She underwent open cholecystectomy, with complete metabolic response at 1-year
follow up PET.


The distribution of available sampling rates is analysed for a particular type of multiband signal, which has bands of equal width centered at harmonics of a fundamental frequency.


The constitutional amendment of human rights, according to specialised jurists, is the most important innovation that the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 has undergone in its more than 100 years of existence. While it is true that numerous studies have examined in depth the impact of this legislative transformation on national legal life, it is even more true that little or nothing has been discussed in relation to the rhetorical discourse emanating from it. Following Aristotle, rhetoric must be oriented towards convincing through reasons and not merely persuading by manipulating the emotions of the audience, as it was used in antiquity by the sophists, considering it as an argumentative skill and an art of suggestion, which has always had an undeniable usefulness. Through rhetoric, discourses are created, for example, that of human rights, which is widely used in the field of professional politics and as a practical tool should be used to express the truth, However, its use can also be seen on the contrary, that is, the creation of sophistries that carry with them power interests, as is the case here. The discourse of human rights in Mexico has become an accumulation of political dissertations that attempt to demonstrate a utopian reality, not innocently, nor much less involuntarily, since those who control these messages create hypothetical ideal scenarios and impose their will, protecting hegemonic interests and logics, They turn them into demagogy, in order to achieve public acceptance and affinity with the political project to which they are aligned, through false promises about the effective application of these rights, appealing to the emotions and false expectations of citizens.


Introduction: Despite the economic importance of the Region, there are still few studies in the literature about occupational cancer in Brazil's Southeast Region. Objective: Compare the distribution of cancer-related benefits granted by the Brazilian Social Security System (RGPS) by economic activity of the insured individual, between 2008 and 2014, at Brazil's Southeast Region. Method: The proportions of cancer-related accidental (work-related) and social security (general) benefits granted, according to the economic activity of the insured individual (bank cashier, salesperson, transport and freight worker, railway worker, industrial worker, sailor, public servant, rural worker, and blank) were calculated. Results: Cancer represented 3.07% (271,086) of the benefits granted for all causes. Commercial and rural activities showed the largest proportions of cancer-related benefits granted in all States. For both activities, breast and prostate cancers were the main locations that justified the approval of social security benefits, and other malignant skin neoplasms were the main locations for accidental benefits. Conclusion: The disproportionality between the number of cancer-related social security and accidental benefits granted suggests an error in many benefits, disfavoring accidental benefits. The improvement of the anamneses of the worker by the medical expert, with the use of additional documents, can aid the establishment of the causal link between the professional activity and the cancer developed, granting accidental benefits when this link exists. Moreover, surveillance strategies to boost the implementation of actions to prevent occupational cancer are still necessary at that Region.


This paper designs an air intake device based on Peltier effect to solve the problems of insufficient per capita water use and difficult survival of living organisms in water-scarce areas in China. It uses semiconductor to refrigerate, takes water from the air in a cooling condensation way, uses wind power and solar energy to supply power for the refrigerator continuously. Through data analysis, the device can effectively collect air moisture and condense to produce liquid water, which has broad application prospects in arid areas in northwest China.


There are few places in Greece which possess the combined charms of natural beauty and of historic association to the same extent as Monemvasia, The great rock which rises out of the sea near the ancient Epidauros Limera is not only one of the most picturesque sites of the Peloponnese, but has a splendid record of heroic independence, which entitles it to a high place in the list of the world's fortresses (Figs. 1, 2). Monemvasia's importance is, however, wholly mediaeval; and its history has hitherto never been written; for the painstaking brochure of the patriotic Monemvasiote deputy and ex-Minister K. Papamichalópoulos, was composed before modern research rendered it possible to draw upon the original authorities at Venice and elsewhere. In the present paper I have endeavoured to state briefly what, in the present state of Greek mediaeval studies, is known about this interesting city during the Frankish period.


In the 1930's of the last century, "intellectualism in literature" was advocated by Choi Jae-seo in Korea, and by Abe Tomoji in Japan respectively. Both of them owed their theories to the English literary criticism by T. E. Hulme and T.S. Eliot, I. A. Richards, Herbert Read and other theorists. Therefore Choi Jae-seo and Abe had a lot in common in their points of argument, for example, opposition against the romanticism, which was developed by the critics above mentioned. The two "intellectualisms" were so similar in their contents that few attention has been paid to their theoretical difference by researchers of Korean and Japanese literature. This study focuses on the differences between the two theories. While the discussion by Abe is concentrated on the technical observations, trying to make a contribution to practical poets and novel-writers, the discussion by Choi Jae-seo is concentrated on the critical observations, which are made firstly for literary critics and secondly for the general intelligentsia, trying to suggest to them a possible life-style as a intelligentsia under the colonial policy by imperial Japan. So Choi Jae-seo shows an intense need for the sense of values. He believed that the intelligentsia of that time were lacking in it and that no literary criticism was possible without it. This keen awareness of deprivation of values is not seen in the discussion by Abe. The "scientism", which Choi Jae-seo says is inherent in his "intellectualism", also should be treated in this context. He put the base of his intellectualism on the Freudian psychoanalytic theory introduced by Herbert Read. "Character" and "personality" are contrasted each other in the theory. The former is a disposition in the individual due to the repression, or the inhibition, of certain impulses caused from the external society. Without this repression the disposition will be present in the "personality". The important thing is that Choi Jae-seo demonstrates the poetry (the literature) will be produced never in the "character" but in the "personality" of the individual. Considering these assertions, we can see that Choi Jae-seo tried to look in the "scientism" for a free territory in which the Korean literature should start again.


Part 1 - Design. Fabric reinforced embankment test section, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. Soft soil stabilization designs using geosynthetics. Stabilization of very soft soils using high strength geosynthetics: the role of finite element analyses. Influence of fabric geometry on the shear strength parameters of various plain wave geotextiles. Discussion. `Current Design Methods' by R.M. Koerner, B.-L. Hwu and M.H. Wayne. Part 2 - Details. Seaming and joining methods. Preloading with prefabricated vertical strip drains. Geosynthetic/soil studies using a geotechnical centrifuge. Testing and monitoring of high strength geosynthetics. Part 3 - Manufacturing and Construction. Method to establish the maximum allowable load under working conditions of polyester reinforcing fabrics. Design optimization of geosynthetic reinforced embankments over soft foundations. Shore line extension with high strength geotextile and ice assistance - a manufacturers view. Geosynthetic material and physical properties relevant to soil reinforcement applications. Geogrid reinforcement for cochrane bridge embankment. Overview of Wilmington Harbor south project. Index.


In the industrial and agricultural manufacture,the asynchronous motor is one of the most important driving equipments. Because of its advantage with simple structure,easy maintenance,etc,the asynchronous motor is widely used. However,because of some faults such as short circuit,locked rotor,overload and phase-missing,the winding of the asynchronous motor burning incidents occurs regularly. Therefore,it is necessary to install reliable corresponding protection device for the asynchronous motor. An novel intelligent protector based on AT89C51 single-chip computer for asynchronous motor is presented in this paper. The hardware circuit configuration of the single-chip computer control system,software diagrams and the realization method are given. The protector can displace traditional motor protector and realize the effective and timely protect for the asynchronous motor.


This research aimed to investigate the effect of protein types (soy milk powder and skim milk powder) and sugar types (stevia and sucrose) on sensory properties of chocolate candy. The appropriate level of protein and sugar were also expected. The research performed using factorial randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Factors namely ratio of protein type (soy milk powder, skim milk powder) and the ratio of sugar type (sucrose, stevia) were applied. Organoleptic response variables included taste, flavor, texture, and aftertaste were conducted using a hedonic test on 30 panelists. The results indicated that chocolate candy made from the ratio of soy milk with skim milk 0:1 and the ratio of sucrose and stevia of 1:1 gave the highest value of the organoleptic test. Proximate analysis showed the chocolate candy 11.05% fat, 13.44% protein, 25.28% carbohydrate, and water content of 1.17% and has a toughness test value of 1.23 mm/sec/100gram. This study revealed that alternative sugar (stevia) can be used in chocolate candy making and is expected to reduce calories contained on chocolate candy.


Carl von Ossietzky Universit¨at Oldenburg, Institut fur¨ Physik, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany(Received 20 January 2010)A low-temperature near-field scanning optical microscope (LT-NSOM) is designed and realized inorder to study the optical properties of nanostructures at cryogenic temperatures in the UV-visiblewavelength range. Due to the simple and extensive optical design, any type of NSOM operationmode is accessible. In particular, the localized photoluminescence spectra of nanostructures can bemeasured at temperatures from 13 K up to 300 K. We successfully demonstrate the performance ofour LT-NSOM by investigating InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown on a sapphire substrateat 15 K.


In this work, Two-Axis Fast Steering Mirror (FSM) was designed to facilitate the fast and precise positioning for an optical bundle of a Three Dimensional (3D) scanner consists mainly of a Laser Range Finder (LRF) and a Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) camera. The FSM system architecture, mirror structure, compliant mechanisms' design, and actuators' selection were discussed in details. Meanwhile, the system analysis results were clearly depicted based on 3D solid modeling and Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. The FSM design was designed to achieve a clear elliptical optical aperture of 2 X 3 inch, bandwidth of 1 KHz, and an optical rotational angle of ±2mrad. Finally, a general discussion for the FSM system enhancement was introduced for further optimization processes. KeywordsFast Steering Mirror (FSM); Finite Element Method (FEM); Compliant Mechanisms


This paper mainly introduces the experiment and application of multi-mixing technology in ready mixed concrete in winter construction.The thought of mixture proportion design is proposed.The total amount of cementing materials for different strength grade is determined.The compressive strength of commonly used concrete strength grade were tested and applied in the engineering at negative temperature.A result is acceptable technologically and economically.


In order to deploy automated vehicles to the public, it has to be proven that the vehicle can safely and robustly handle traffic in many different scenarios. One important component of automated vehicles is the perception system that captures and processes the environment around the vehicle. Perception systems require large datasets for training their deep neural network. Knowing which parts of the data in these datasets describe a corner case is an advantage during training or testing of the network. These corner cases describe situations that are rare and potentially challenging for the network. We propose a pipeline that converts collective expert knowledge descriptions into the extended KI Absicherung ontology. The ontology is used to describe scenes and scenarios that can be mapped to perception datasets. The corner cases can then be extracted from the datasets. In addition, the pipeline enables the evaluation of the detection networks against the extracted corner cases to measure their performance.


Thermal shock is an extreme form of thermo-mechanical loading. Detailed investigations of thermal shock and lifetime analysis close to reality are necessary in industrial engineering, in order to get a good prediction of life expectancy for high quality and safety relevant machine components. This paper concentrates on experimental investigations of structural changes of the surface due to thermal shock loading, as structural changes in surface-like cracks are one of the main parameters which influence lifetime. For this purpose, cylindrical specimens of heat resistant steel (X15CrNiSi20-12) are heated up by a gas burner and are cooled down by water quench in a cyclical manner. After a continuous number of thermal shock cycles the girthed area of the specimen is measured by eddy current to find surface embrittlement, crack initiation and crack progress. Signal barriers for the impedance signal of the eddy current sensor are introduced in order to quantify the two dominating categories of surface damage, micro cracks and macro cracks. Furthermore, a so-called accumulated crack length is introduced as a damage parameter. This is related to the signal barriers and quantifies damage with respect to the number of thermal shock cycles. Furthermore, for visualisation of damage an innovative 3D plotting method is introduced, which projects eddy current data onto the digitalised surface.


ABSTRACT Climate change has profound impacts on agricultural production, to which farmers must adapt, but the role of farmers in climate change adaptation is largely unaddressed. This research targeted to construct an integrated picture of the farm level adaptation to climate change in north China. We performed a field survey in Hebei province, and uncover which farmer behaviours in reality constitute an adaptation and analyses the characteristics and heterogeneity of these behaviours. The results show that farmer adaptation is mostly limited to spontaneous behavioural adjustment. The most widely adopted adaptation strategy remains the use of fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation techniques that were widely used, whilst the adoption of advanced adaptation technologies is not yet sufficient. Farming experience and involvement into off-farm work probably restrict farmers' involvement in adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change risks and recognition of the effectiveness of adaptation would drive the adoption of adaptation strategies, however, obstacles remain with regards to the availability of policy, technology, and infrastructure support at government level. The study recommends that governments need to provide more adaptation support while also focus on the dissemination of information on adaptation provision, as well as strengthen people's perceptions of climate risks and the effectiveness of adaptation.


Copolymers with two different side groups, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy and p-chlorophenoxy groups, have been synthesized by reaction of poly(dichlorophosphazene) with their sodium salts, and characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, IR and NMR spectroscopies. The molecular weight measurement has shown that the weight average molecular weight, of the copolymers are all above and their molecular weight distributions are monomodal and narrow (${\bar{M}}_w/{\bar{M}}_n


The total synthesis of combretastatin D-2, a cytotoxic constituent of Combretum caffrum (Combretaceae), is detailed and is based on the implementation of a key intramolecular Ullmann macrocyclization reaction for formation of the cyclic 15-membered caffrane biaryl ether


This Paper discusses the origin of the Coastal Zone Loess on the Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoning Province. The loess is composed mainly of proximal materials transported by low-altitude air flow and less commonly of inland distal materials carried by high-altitude air flow. The main provenance is the Liaodong Bay. When the sea level declined during glacial period, the bottoms of the Liaodong Bay and Bohai Sea emerged, where desertization occurred. As a result, submarine sediments were transported by strong northwesterly winds to the eastern coastal zone of the peninsula and deposited there. These materials mixed with the windblown dust carried by atmospheric circulation from the interior of the continent, forming the loess. Key words: Liaodong Peninsula, coastal zone, loess.


The second half of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of Franz Anton Mesmer's theories and therapies concerning the curative power of animal magnetism, an innate force that he claimed could be harnessed and directed to great healing effect. Formally dismissed by a French Royal Commission in 1784, the many positive treatment outcomes were attributed to the patient's own imagination. This acknowledgement by the scientific fraternity that imagination alone could effect cures signalled that Mesmer's work had uncovered new, exciting and even dangerous possibilities about the power of the mind. Always a controversial subject, those who chose to examine animal magnetism, or its later incarnations of mesmerism or hypnosis, were always at risk of social and professional criticism, even disgrace and exclusion, which raises the question of how and why respected members of the social and scientific community would approach this multifarious topic.
 By selecting as case studies three previously neglected figures in the mesmerism scholarship, namely, Ada Lovelace and two physician-writers, Santiago Ramon y Cajal and Arthur Conan Doyle, as well as incorporating a cutting-edge discussion of Mesmer's life, 'art', and complicated relationship with the scientific community, this thesis offers new perspectives through which to re-examine the complex phenomenon of mesmerism, its possible medical applicability, and the manifold literary representations it elicited. Drawing upon archival sources, scientific texts, letters, non-fictional and fictional works, this interdisciplinary study combines close textual analysis with an examination of scientific, social and cultural contexts. Through this pluralistic critical approach, and by seeking to understand the endurance of what may now be considered a protoscience rather than a pseudoscience, the thesis concludes that while Mesmer's work paved the way for a serious research into the constructs of the mind, the qualities of vision, observation and communication are essential to the re-evaluation of new ideas and their interpretation.


The corrugated steel plate has been increasingly used as web of steel and composite bridges. When such a bridge is incrementally launched, the web panels are often subjected to combined shear and patch loading. There are only a few investigations available in the literature which are dealing with this interaction type, therefore the current research of the authors focuses on the analysis of the combined shear and patch loading in case of corrugated web girders. Based on patch loading tests executed on 12 short span specimens, a numerical model is developed and verified. A numerical parametric study is conducted to analyse the structural behaviour and the interaction between shear and patch loading in the typical parameter ranges used in bridges. Based on the large number of numerical calculations a design equation for interaction of shear and patch loading is proposed.


The invention relates to hybrid polyurethane-polymer dispersion with high film hardness, characterized in that it contains the following conversion components: (A) 3 to 25 % by weight of a polyol consisting of (i) 2 to 20 % by weight of a high-molecular weight polyol; (ii) 0.5 to 5 % by weight of a low-molecular weight polyol; (iii) 0.5 to 3 % by weight of a low-molecular weight and anionically modifiable polyol; (B) 2 to 20 % by weight of a polyisocyanate; (C) optionally 0 to 6 % by weight of a solvent consisting of: (i) at least one organic solvent that is inert in relation to a polyisocyanate and/or (ii) a reactive thinner that is inert in relation to polyisocyanates; (D) 0.15 to 1.5 % by weight of a neutralizer; (E) 0.1 to 1 % by weight of a chain extender; (F) 5 to 40 % by weight of a monomer; (G) 0.01 to 1.5 % by weight of an initiator, the remainder consisting of water. The advantages provided by the hybrid polyurethane-polymer dispersion according to the invention such as great hardness and high flexibility of the crackless films, good resistance to chemicals, great stability of the dispersion over a wide pH range, good freeze-thaw stability and the utilization of cost-effective raw materials, are achieved in a simplified synthesis pathway without subsequent chemical cross-linking and with a low content in organic solvent ( /= +10 DEG C.


Abstract The mechanism of dislocation loop formation by vacancy condensation is examined in a quantitative manner. The critical vacancy supersaturation necessary for the growth of the loops and the climb rate of the dislocations are determined. It is shown that the mechanism proposed for lineage formation based upon loop growth (Frank, 1956 a) is inapplicable. The number of dislocation loops produced by collapsing vacancy discs is calculated as a function of the cooling rate, cooling range and dislocation density existing in the crystal before cooling.


Flexible near‐infrared (NIR) light‐sensing detectors are strongly required in the fast‐growing flexible electronics era, because they can serve as a vision system like eyes in various innovative applications including humanoid robots. Recently, keen interest has been paid to organic phototransistors due to their unique signal amplification and active matrix driving features over organic photodiodes. However, conventional NIR‐sensing organic phototransistors suffer from the limited use of organic materials because the channel layers play a dual role in both charge transport and sensing so that organic semiconducting materials with reasonably high charge mobility can be applied only. Here, it is demonstrated that a conjugated polymer, poly[{2,5‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,6‐bis‐(thien‐2‐yl)‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐diyl}‐co‐{2,2′‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)]‐5,5′‐diyl}] (PEHTPPD‐BT), which exhibits no transistor performance as a channel layer, can stably detect a NIR light (up to 1000 nm) as a gate‐sensing layer (GSL) when it is placed between gate‐insulating layers and gate electrodes. The flexible array (10 × 10) detectors with the PEHTPPD‐BT GSLs could effectively sense NIR light without visible light interference by applying visible light cut films.


Nuclear contact densities for electrons in atomic and metallic sodium are calculated from the Kohn-Sham self-consistent scheme. The effect of pressure on the nuclear contact density for metallic sodium is also calculated, and the results are in good agreement with the experimentally observed pressure dependence of the Knight shift in sodium.


To improve the level of fault diagnosis and maintenance for weapon systems,a fault diagnosis and maintenance database is built in simulator through fault analysis according to circuit characteristics.Then,fault setting is made on the basis of fault-base.The principle of fault analysis and the content of database are introduced here and the fault setting methods of two types of fault are presented also with examples,which provide a new way of fau1t diagnosis and maintenance for weapon systems.This simulator has good application foreground and notable military benefit in practical use.


The rate of oxidation reaction of the acrydine with peroxydecanoic acid in various organic solvents was studied. It has been found the effective rate constants (k) and the activation energy (Ea) of studied process. Between the parameters of the transition state ΔН≠ and ΔЅ≠ is some linear relationship, indicating on the presence of the counteraction effect in our series of experiments. The rate of oxidation and activation energy inflation of solvation peroxyacid and acrydine was calculated. The reaction medium affects the rate of oxidation. Correlation equations between the rate constants of the reactions in study and the physicochemical parameters of the solvents were proposed. The correlation equation for effective rate constants and the basic physicochemical parameters of solvents at 318 K has the form: k = –388.8034 + (1662.9800 ± 313.4735)f(n) – (221.2833 ± 70.3626)f(ε) + (0.8092 ± 0.1145)B N = 8; R = 0.9982; S = 3.0727; F = 5.2713. The polarizability, polarization and basicity, of solvent have effect on the oxidation process. The influence of electrophilicity polarization and molar volume on the rate of oxidation of acrydine decay process is negligible. Correlation equations for effective rate constants for other temperatures are similar. The correlation equation for effective energies (Ea) of activation and the basic physicochemical parameters of solvents has the form: Eа = 104.6924 + (50.3320 ± 12.6429)f(ε) + (0.0557 ± 0.0137)B – (0.1201 ± 0.0188)δ2 – (0.5573 ± 0.0782)Vм N = 9; R = 0.9663; S = 2.8058; F = 1.3842. The polarizability, basicity, molar volume and Hildebrand's function of solvent have effect on the energy of activation process. The proposed correlation equations relate the parameters of the transition state of the oxidation process and the physic-chemical parameters of solvents.


In this article, the free vibrations of Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams with arbitrary varying cross-section are investigated analytically using the perturbation technique. The governing equations are linear differential equations with variable coefficients and the Wentzel, Kramers, Brillouin approximation is adopted for solving these eigenvalue equations and determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes. This method relates the solution of equations with the solving of some successive algebraic equations. A parametric study is performed and the effects of different profiles and different combinations of boundary conditions on the natural frequencies are investigated. To confirm the reliability of the present method, the analytical results are checked with those obtained from the finite elements method and other literatures which are found to be in a good agreement. The calculations show that the presented procedure is very effective to find the modal characteristics of the varying cross-sections beams.


The laminar flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid is considered. A numerical investigation of the pressure distribution between the rotor and side plate of a sliding vane type compressor is studied. Computations of the pressure are performed by the divergence formulation method in general coordinate based on the Kawabata's formulation. These computations are compared with the result of weighted residual finite element method. All computations are excuted on a 32 bits personal computer. So the results of this investigation indicate the posibility that the numerical design by a simple system is useful in the development of this type of compressor.


Variational Fair Clustering (VFC) is a general variational fair clustering framework that is compatible with a large class 3 of clustering algorithms, both prototype-based and graph-based (Ziko et al., 2021). VFC is capable of handling large 4 datasets and offers a mechanism that allows for a trade-off between fairness and clustering quality. We run a series of 5 experiments to evaluate the major claims made by the authors. Specifically, that VFC is on par with SOTA clustering 6 objectives, that it is scalable, that it has a trade-off control, and that it is compatible with both prototype-based and 7 graph-based clustering algorithms. 8


Objective To investigate the clinical features of transsinus epidural hematoma with fracture-induced cerebral venous flow obstruction (CVFO). Methods The clinical data of patients with CVFO were collected retrospectively. They were divided into traumatic cerebral venous sinus stagnation (TCVSS) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) according to the imaging findings and clinical features. Their mechanism of injury, clinical manifestations, intracranial pressure monitoring, imaging examinations, treatment methods, and efficacy were compared. Results A total of 194 patients with CVSO were enrolled, 167 of them were TCVSS and 27 of them were CVST. The intracranial pressure of the CVST group was significantly higher than that of the TCVSS group (44.0 ±4.8 cm H2O vs. 28.0 + 2.8 cm H2O, 1 cm H2O = 0. 098 kPa; t = 24. 518, P 〈 0. 001). The patients often presented as severeheadache (77.8%), frequent vomiting (33.3%), blurred vision (18.5%), and progressive disturbance of consciousness (11.1% ), while their TCVSS often presented as mild headache (39. 5% ), vomiting (13.8%), and photophobla (4.8%). Imaging examinations showed that TCVSS commonly occurred in bilateral transverse sinus/sigmoid sinus system nearing epidural hematoma or fracture site (85.0%) showing venous sinus thinning (50.3%); while CVST commonly occurred in the bilateral proximal transverse sinus (81.5%), and the rear of the superior sagittal sinus and confluence of sinuses (18.5%) showing limited sinus filling defect or occlusion (81.5%), parasagittal parenchyma secondary venous infarction with hemorrhage (14.8%), and even massive cerebral edema (7.4%). In terms of treatment, urokinase dose ([24.2±7.8] ×10^4U/dvs. [12.4± 4.5] ×10^4U/d; t〈 0.001) and administration duration (10.8±5.3 d vs. 6.2 ±2.4 d; P〈0. 001) of the CVST group were significantly higher and longer than those of the TCVSS group. The clinical symptoms and intracranial pressure of all the patients were significantly relieved with the improvement in sinus cycle except one died of CVST in superior sagittal sinus. Their outcomes are good. Conclusions The central link of the pathophysiological changes of traumatic CVFO is persistent intracranial hypertension and can be divided into two different subtypes according to clinical and imaging findings, including TCVSS and CVST. Dynamic monitoring of intracranial pressure can be used as the bases for the clinical classification of CVFO, individualized treatment options, and adjustments. The prognosis of both TCVSS and CVST axe good after actively relieving mechanical pressure and urokinase therapy. However, the treatment intensity of the latter is significantly higher.

Key words:
Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranlal;  Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial;  Skull Fractures;  Intracranial Hypertension;  Magnetic Resonance Angiography


This article describes the growing relationship between life insurance companies and the Federal Home Loan Banking (FHLB) system. Given the important role that both play in the U.S. financial system, it is important to understand how they are connected.


A thesis familiar through being as often disputed as defended has it that intentional action is action for a reason. This essay contributes, through a partial elucidation, though not by arguing for it, to the defence of a weaker version of the thesis, namely: Acting with an intention or a purpose is acting (as things appear to one) for a reason. This thesis is weaker in two respects: (a) One would be (Ding intentionally if one Φs for a reason. And one (Ds for a reason if one (Ds because, as one believes, there is a reason to (even if the belief is false); and (b) While all actions with a purpose or intention are intentional actions, not all intentional actions can sensibly be said to be actions done with an intention.1


In presenting e-mail as "the story behind the story" in an age of global autobiography, through a close reading of autobiographical and dialogic aspects of email exchanges within the feminist group Women on the Net, this article suggests that e-mail, like all letters, is best understood in terms of an ethics of care, which extends more customary ethics of justice to engage directly with the relational dimension of life writing.


Three sandwich-type neutral unprotonated mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) dysprosium(III) double-decker complexes Dy(Pc)(Por) [Por = TCPP, TPP, TBPP; Pc = unsubstituted phthalocyaninate, TCPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-cyanophenyl)porphyrinate, TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(phenyl)porphyrinate, TBPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[(4-tert-butyl)phenyl]porphyrinate] (1–3) have been designed, prepared, and structurally studied. Systematic and comparative studies reveal the slow relaxation of magnetization under both zero and applied dc field for all three double-deckers, indicating their SMM nature. Stronger quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) observed for 3 in comparison with its two counterparts 1 and 2 with similar coordination geometry shows the influence of substituent at the meso-attached phenyl moieties on the magnetic properties.


Research conducted for the Army has recently developed an FPA (focal plane array) integrated test and evaluation system to provide a testbed for evaluating FPA characteristics and resulting object detection effectiveness. The system design offers various combinations of image processing algorithms with real–time display of raw and processed (i.e., resulting from the application of each chosen algorithm) FPA data. Because this design does not restrict itself to one particular processing scheme, it can be used for a variety of non–military applications requiring object detection within image frames. This paper investigates application of the FPA test system to commercial inspection/measurement tasks, presenting experimental results for product classification by size and color and for product grading by size, features, and quality.


IT IS WELL KNOWN that immunologic disturbances, particularly autoimmunity, are frequently associated with the chronic lymphoproliferative diseases. Indeed, it is sometimes difficult in such cases to be certain where the imm'nunologic disorder ends and the neoplastic process begins.' Included in the long list of autoimmune phenomena found in this disease group have been autoimmune hemolytic a,iemia,2 autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura ( ITP ) ,:i rheumatoid arthritis,4 thyroiditis,5 systemic lupus erythematosus, and the Sjogren sv,idronic. \Iahgnant disease of nonhemic origin has also been occasionally marked liv the Ires i ce of altered immunologic reactivity-for example. autoimmuiie hemolytic tnemi t associated xvith ovarian tumors,8 the high incidence of derniatomyositis in patients with carcinoma of the breast, stoinach,it and lung,1 and the occurrence of anerg in some patients with (I ISSCITI ii'iated ca'na' On the other haildi, a close relationship between disturbed immunologic mechanisms a id the m eloproliferative disorders has not been apparent. In(ICedl, we have often stressed the great frequency of immunologic aberrations, including autoii'nmunitv, in lymphoproliferative disorders, as opposed to the lo ' incidence of these findings in the myeloproliferative dliseases.'2 In the last few years, however, \ '(' have been struck by the rather frequent occurrence of autoimmune phenom'nena and abnormally high concentrations of immunoglobulins in a series of p ttieiits with one particttl ir type of myeloproliferative


Iterative learning control can be applied to systems that repeat the same task over a finite duration with resetting to the starting location once each one is complete. The novel feature is the use of information from previous executions of the task in order to update the control signal applied during the next one and thereby sequentially improve performance. Linear iterative learning control laws can be designed using 2D systems theory and recently experimental validation of such designs for single-input single-output examples has been reported. This paper gives the first results on extending this approach to systems with more than one input and output.


In the present paper one-step implicit integration algorithms for the N-body problem are developed. The time-stepping schemes are based on a Petrov–Galerkin finite element method applied to the Hamiltonian formulation of the N-body problem. The approach furnishes algorithmic energy conservation in a natural way. The proposed time finite element method facilitates a systematic implementation of a family of time-stepping schemes. A particular algorithm is specified by the associated quadrature rule employed for the evaluation of time integrals. The influence of various standard as well as non-standard quadrature formulas on algorithmic energy conservation and conservation of angular momentum is examined in detail for linear and quadratic time elements. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


On January 1, 2000 many applications will stop working properly. Most utilities and applications express the year as the two low order digits of the full representation of the year so that dates in the new century will appear to occur before dates in the old. When this phenomenon occurred in the past humans adapted quickly, and no great dislocation occurred.
Unfortunately, the computer is not as adaptable or reasonable as the human.
This paper presents one possible solution to the problem, at least in the APL environment. This solution involves replacing date fields in files and records with a pseudo-Julian day number (PJD). This number permits the analyst to use date information arithmetically to determine the day of the week, the period between dates, create lists of dates, etc. The PJD is easily converted to or from human-usable canonical date forms. Finally, the technique defers difficulties due to changes of year, century, millennium, etc. indefinitely.
In the later sections of the paper some thoughts on possible extensions to the leap-year algorithm are discussed. The new terms would improve precision without affecting the past or present. Finally, sample functions which support and utilize this "perpetual" calendar are given.
It must be emphasized that this paper represents a solution only within the APL environment. The concept is applicable in any environment, language or system but only if it or a similar solution is adopted before December 31, 1999. If we users of APL recognize and fix the problem in our environment while the rest of the computing world ignores it, the problem will still affect everyone, including us.


T ime is an emerging concept during childhood. According to the Geography Education Standards Project (as cited inBanks & Banks, 1999), "The development of a mature sense of time and chronology is a slow, complex, sequential, and cumulative task" (p. 145). At first, children's concept of time is rather vague. For example, one mother, in discussing with her 4-year-old daughter the deeds of the notorious James gang, took the child to see the monument erected to mark the spot of the James gang's first train robbery. The girl asked, "Oh, Mother, did you see it?," as if it were a recent event, instead of something that happened nearly a century before. Banks and Banks suggest that the goal for teaching time concepts and chronology in the elementary and middle school years should be to nurture students' ability to understand and interpret time concepts and comprehend how past and present events are interrelated. Inhelder and Piaget (1962) conclude that children's understanding of time is related to intellectual growth and interaction with the environment (Wadsworth, 1996). Others suggest that children's social and cultural backgrounds and their familiarity with tasks and situations may contribute to their understanding of time (Donaldson, 1979). Gardner (1983) considers that differences in emerging thinking abilities, including concepts about time, are related to different intelligences. Banks and Banks explain that young children's difficulty with understanding time involves relationship concepts. Such concepts define a particular association between attributes or distinguishing characteristics. Young children lack sufficient experiences with the basic facts related to time, and with abstracting these facts to establish a relationship. Implicit in the researchers' statement is the importance of home and school environments, rich in such experiences, where adults and children interact based primarily on their experiences. By ages 10 and 11, students have gained an increased understanding of time and the chronology of past events. By the middle school years (ages 12-14), many students have developed the ability to understand time concepts fully (Inhelder & Piaget, 1962). Whatever the factors involved, some children will develop time and chronology concepts earlier than Inhelder and Piaget have suggested, and some will take longer to develop these concepts. For lessons concerning the past, Garcia and Michaelis (2001) encourage teachers to nurture children's habits of the mind (e.g., historical empathy, universality of humankind, and appreciation of cultural diversity). Within the social studies program as well as in other areas of the curriculum, these knowledges, values, and behaviors are encouraged through student-teacher The development of a


Remoxipride, a substituted benzamide, is a selective D2 antagonist with an atypical neuroleptic profile. Previous studies have demonstrated its antipsychotic efficacy against haloperidol and, more recently, thioridazine. of the 144 patients enrolled in the Australian remoxipride–thioridazine comparative trial, 28 presented for their first episode of schizophrenia and/or had no previous neuroleptic treatment. These patients form the subject of this paper.


A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for LH-RF was developed and was used to determine the serum levels of LH-RF of women in normal menstrual cycle, pregnancy from 5 through 40 weeks and throughout 4 different stages of parturition in the same subjects.Serum concentrations of LH-RF during pregnancy were markedly lower (4.4 ± 1.2 pg/ml), compared to those in menstrual cycle (35.6 ± 3.5 pg/ml). Among the series of 4 stages of parturition, i.e. (1) during labor, (2) im-mediately after delivery, (3) 10 minutes after placenta delivery and (4) 4 days after delivery, the mean values for LH-RF were found to be higher in the samples immediately after delivery (3.7 ± 0.9 pg/ml) and in those 10 minutes after placenta delivery (4.4 ± 0.8 pg/mi). In individual cases, how-ever, three out of 11 women showed peaks of LH-RF level at immediately after delivery and 6 out of 11 showed peaks of LH-RF level in 10 minutes after placenta delivery.The immunoreactive LH-RF was detected in cord bloods, amniotic fluids, milks and especially large amounts in the placenta by our radioimmunoassay for LH-RF, though it is not known whether they have physiological role and identical to hypothalamic LH-RF.