The study of features of allelic variants of genes, whose products are responsible for detoxification(GCTM1, GCTT1 и GCTP1), indicates the accumulation of mutant alleles in the next generation, it reduction the number of normal alleles in adolescent boys compared with their parents.


Network traffic identification plays an important role in traffic engineering, anomaly detection and traffic billing. Recently, the machine learning and deep learning based algorithms have made a great success in identifying the known applications, where the training set and the test set are supposed to contain the same traffic classes. However, in a realistic scenario, the network traffic classifier may suffer from a low identification accuracy due to the substantial zero-day (unknown) traffic. The essential to solve this problem is to find the boundary between the known and zero-day traffic, which has not been well studied before. In this paper, based on the fact that for an Auto Encoder (AE) machine, the reconstruction error of a zero-day class is generally larger than that of a known class, we propose a zero-day traffic identification method using one-Dimension Convolutional Neural Networks (1D-CNN) and AE machine. In order to further improve the identification accuracy, we propose an algorithm to estimate the confidence possibility of the identification results based on the Extreme Value Theory. The experiments conducted on realistic traffic datasets demonstrate that our method has a great improvement in identification accuracy than the benchmarks.


The reform and development of vocational education has been accompanied by the evolution of the system. It is a way to explore the development of vocational education starting from the academic history of evolution. Based on the educational system evolution, type of school, school level, the joint of schools and other aspects, the author deduces the track of the development of vocational education,builds a complete system of vocational academic structure, establishes an effective mechanism to promote its rapid development, which has a certain positive signtication for the development of China's vocational education.


This comment sounded strange and paradoxical coming from a distinguished securities analyst of one of the largest brokerage houses in the world. His comment was the genesis of this article. Surely, this man and members of his staff are aware of modern data processing machines which can store data in its electronic memories, accept new information, analyze the data and supply the results through high speed automatic printing mechanisms. He or members of his staff know that electronic computers can assimilate, process, evaluate, and retrieve information 100,000 times faster than humans. Analysts will frequently judge the caliber of management and leadership directing a company's future by determining to what extent an executive is willing to adopt and utilize modern technological methods and equipment. It is another illustration of the proverb "the shoemaker's children go unshod." Securities analysts fail to apply to themselves the same criteria used to judge others. Cognizant of this fact, several companies presented themselves the task of determining "where" and "how" electronic data processing computers could be utilized to augment security and market analysis. This problem has been studied extensively during the past year. There are a number of ideally fertile areas wherein a computer installation can profitably and advantageously be put to work. Some of this work is routine and straightforward and the computer simply speeds up the process. On the other hand, computer implementation is a new, imaginative and exciting technique whose limits are only demarcated by the imagination of the analyst and his confidence in the computer. The extent to which an analyst's ideas reach fruition will depend upon the ingenuity of his staff of computer specialists who must translate such ideas into coherent instructions for the computer.


This study inquires into the principle and meaning of films known as twisted films or films with a twisted ending. For this purpose, a feature film, The Silence of a Lamb, was taken as a model and analyzed in depth. A notable finding is that a twist can be understood as a concept opposed to peripeteia yet similar to anagnorisis. In the case of twisted films, a radical change and its recognition are important. What is essential, however, is enabling viewers to predict a certain content and ending and then leading them to an ending different from it later on. A device for twist, that is, a false foreshadowing or a red herring, is needed to lead viewers toward a certain conclusion, and such a narrative device serves as a kind of alibi. Red herrings in twisted films are mostly codes established to develop genre film narratives. Visual codes in particular are used as red herrings intended to create and reverse twists in genre films. This study examines the meaning of twisted films in two parts: explaining the characteristics of films?as compared to other artistic mediums?based on indetermination of images and explaining the historical meaning of such indetermination in conjunction with postmodern cinema, which is a certain historical trend.


Objective:To detect the expressions of CD133,cancer stem cells marker,and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1(ERK1) in papillary thyroid carcinoma( PTC),and their correlations and clinicopathological significance. Methods: The expressions of CD133 and ERK1 in 68 samples of PTC tissue and 40 samples of nodular goiter tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:The positive rates of CD133 and ERK1 in PTC and nodular goiter tissues were 10. 0% 50. 0% and12. 5% 63. 2%,respectively,the differences of which were statistically significant( P 0. 01). The differences of the expression levels of CD133 in tumor grade,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of PTC were statistically significant( P 0. 05 to P 0. 01).With the PTC worsening differentiation,lymph node transferring and clinical stage increasing,the positive rates of ERK1 increased(P 0. 01). There was a positive correlation between the expression of CD133 and ERK1( P 0. 05). Conclusions: The abnormal expressions of CD133 and ERK1 may be involved in the occurrence,development,invasion and metastasis of PTC. The early combination examination of CD133 and ERK1 has a certain clinical significance in the progression and prognosis of PTC.


AIM
Mechanisms responsible for persistence of HCV infection and liver damage in chronic hepatitis C are not clear. Apoptosis is an important form of host immune response against viral infections. Anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 expression on liver tissue as well as the influence of interferon alpha 2b (IFNalpha2b) and ribavirin (RBV) were analyzed in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

METHODS
In 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C (responders--R and non-responders--NR) treated with IFNalpha2b+RBV, protein bcl-2 was determined in hepatocytes and in liver associated lymphocytes before and after the treatment.

RESULTS
The treatment diminished bcl-2 protein accumulation in liver cells in patients with hepatitis C (P<0.05). Before and after the therapy, we detected bcl-2 protein in R in 87+/-15% and 83+/-20% of hepatocytes and in 28+/-18% and 26+/-10% of liver-associated lymphocytes, respectively. In NR, the values before treatment decreased from 94+/-32% to 88+/-21% of hepatocytes and 39+/-29% to 28+/-12% of lymphocytes with bcl-2 expression. There was no statistical correlation between bcl-2 expression on liver tissue with inflammatory activity, fibrosis and biochemical parameters before and after the treatment.

CONCLUSION
IFNalpha2b+RBV treatment, by bcl-2 protein expression decrease, enables apoptosis of hepatocytes and associated liver lymphocytes, which in turn eliminate hepatitis C viruses.


Two thirds of the provinces will start a new round of village elections in 2008.Whether or not women can easily step into the village power structure will require public policy support and campaign strategies for women to take part in the village elections.This paper uses findings from research on village elections in Suizhou to show the earliest formation of markets in rural politics.It suggests the validity and necessity of campaign strategies in women's participation in elections of village committees and identifies,at the same time,shortcomings in existing strategies.It analyzes cases in order to contribute to the discussions of women's strategies for participating in the next round of elections.


Cut-T section, obtained by splitting hot-rolled H-section into two halves, is monosymmetric and has two features in its buckling behavior when subjected to concentric compressive force. The first one is the fact that twisting always accompanies flexion upon the onset of buckling with respect to its axis of symmetry and thus reduces the bearing capacity of the strut. On the other hand, by shifting the force to the shear centre of the section, no twisting occurs any more and the buckling load can reach the flexural buckling load. This increase in bearing capacity can only be procured if there is surplus capacity with respect to the other principal axis so that bending moment caused by the eccentric loading can be tolerated. Analysis performed in this article shows that those cut-T struts with section depth not less than 1.25 times section width satisfy this condition in full or in part. Sometimes it is better to locate the force half-way between the centroid and the shear centre. The second feature is relevant to the local buckling capacity of the strut web and its limiting width-thickness ratio. It is revealed in this article that the critical stress of the web is always larger than that of the flexural-torsional buckling of the strut. Therefore, as long as the strut is checked on flexural-torsional buckling, one has nothing to worry about the web buckling. But, in the engineering practice, some struts may be restrained against twisting and are dispensed with such checking, so that the web may buckle locally as a plate with one longitudinal edge fixed and the other edge free. Suggestion on the limiting value of web width-thickness ratio is formulated to guarantee its stability in this situation.


The widespread degradation ofEuropean reed stands is eaused by complex faetors and needs a multifold researeh strategy. Several studies have deseribed the different conditions at vigorous and die-baek si tes of the same lakes and the response of the reed stands to these differenees (KLóTZLI 1973, RAGHI-ATRI & BORNKAMM 1979, DINKA 1986, ÜSTENDORP 1989, KovAcs 1990, KüHL & KoHL 1992). The eoordinated investigations of the EUREED programme also produeed many results in this field (REEDNEWS 1995, ARMSTRONG et al. 1996, van der PUTTEN 1997, SoRRELL et al. 1997). In the present study, firsdy morphologieal differenees of reeds becween vigorous and die-baek sites and the strueture of the reed stands are deseribed. Seeondly, growth parameters that demonstrate the most marked differenees in growth between vigorous and die-baek stands are diseussed.


This work presents a simulator of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colony foraging behavior. Honeybees are social insects that show a high level of organisation and very complex behaviour. This includes the coordination of foraging efforts thanks to their sophisticated mechanism of advertising and recruitment, which includes the well-known waggle dance. This foraging process is needed for general pollination and makes honeybees crucial for a sustainable environment. There exists previous work in the area of honeybee modelling and simulation. Some simulator models use such a fine resolution that can only run for real-time hours. Other work is focused on simply replicating a published observation. Instead, we are interested in simulating long time periods (e.g. months) and learning how the foraging spread patterns and distributions can affect the local flora or contribute to the transmission of diseases or parasites. The main motivation for this work is to support the decision making process in the Biosecurity context. Biosecurity plays a key role in the economic viability of Australia's plant industries due to the devastating effects that plant pests and diseases can cause. Hence, the importance of preventing the spread of diseases between apiaries or to a disease free area (e.g. Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) is a serious disease in many fruits and uses honeybees as one of its main vectors for transmission). The simulator is Web based1 so that users do not have to install or update software, or worry about enough computational power or platform compatibility. The user interface allows the introduction of the simulation parameters (e.g. spatial resolution and size, model configuration settings, visual specification of the simulation environment on the map) and receive a detailed results report. A simulation of several weeks usually takes a few seconds to complete. The simulation model is stochastic and discrete in time with 1-trip time steps, which is approximated by difference equations. It is also explanatory, meaning that its behavioural rules depend on well-established entomological knowledge. It can support any number of beehives and floral patches over a two dimensional landscape of unrestricted size and varying resolution. The main simulation model has four interrelated models that include i) a spatial model that represents the landscape to simulate by a grid of cells; ii) a flora model that represents a patch with a number of flowers and seasons defined by nectar quality and quantity; iii) a weather model that considers time periods of temperature and daily hours of light; iv) a foraging model, which represents the foraging behaviour of a honeybee colony.


The Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) provides a space for governments to discuss the links between migration and development in an informal, comprehensive and cooperative way. It enables policy makers and experts to debate and exchange ideas, best practices and experiences that support governments in designing effective and coherent migration and development policies. Importantly, the Forum involves civil society representatives, who also hold meetings and share their deliberations and outcomes with the states.


29 organophosphorus pesticides were added into the test cigarettes,the transfer rates of these pesticides to the particulate matter ( PM) in mainstream cigarette smoke and cigarette butts were determined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the average transfer rates to PM in MCS was 0-6. 3% with the relative standard deviations ( RSDs) of 8. 0% -18% and the average retention rate of cigarette butts was 0. 3% -15% with the RSDs of 6. 5% -21% .


Published online: 01.04.2015 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1380551; Art ID: st-2015-v0520-v Annika Heinrich studied chemistry at the University of Kiel and there she obtained her diploma degree in 2011. At the moment, she is working as a Ph.D. student in the group of Professor Dr. Anne Staubitz at the Institute of Organic Chemistry in Kiel. Her research focuses on highly selective cross-coupling reactions and on the synthesis of semiconducting polymers. (Triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride is a frequently used reagent in her research: It is used for the synthesis of aromatic organogold compounds that can be used in cross-coupling reactions and polymerization reactions.


In this paper spam stopping firewalls are implemented through approximate text search algorithms, based on a systolic array paradigm. The implemented architecture works for patterns that contain don't cares, or, complement, and sub range symbols. A software implementation of an approximate text search algorithm has been made using the C programming language. Moreover, a hardware implementation is realized by choosing the appropriate architecture using system on a programmable chip (SOPC) board. The performance of the implemented hardware is tested and compared with the software firewall. Hardware implementation gives the firewall the high speed that most computer networks need. Moreover, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) give the firewall the required flexibility and programmability to load new patterns into the firewalls. The performance evaluation for the software and hardware implementations shows that, for the used technologies, the hardware tends to be order of magnitude faster than the software


Place recognition is an important component for simultaneously localization and mapping in a variety of robotics applications. Recently, several approaches using landmark information to represent a place showed promising performance to address long-term environment changes. However, previous approaches do not explicitly consider changes of the landmarks, i,e., old landmarks may disappear and new ones often appear over time. In addition, representations used in these approaches to represent landmarks are limited, based upon visual or spatial cues only. In this paper, we introduce a novel worst-case graph matching approach that integrates spatial relationships of landmarks with their appearances for long-term place recognition. Our method designs a graph representation to encode distance and angular spatial relationships as well as visual appearances of landmarks in order to represent a place. Then, we formulate place recognition as a graph matching problem under the worst-case scenario. Our approach matches places by computing the similarities of distance and angular spatial relationships of the landmarks that have the least similar appearances (i.e., worst-case). If the worst appearance similarity of landmarks is small, two places are identified to be not the same, even though their graph representations have high spatial relationship similarities. We evaluate our approach over two public benchmark datasets for long-term place recognition, including St. Lucia and CMU-VL. The experimental results have validated that our approach obtains the state-of-the-art place recognition performance, with a changing number of landmarks.


A method whereby a programmable signal source produces a desired output signal which is transferred by a conduit means or conducting means into a patient by percutaneous venous insertion. The output signal is either vibrational or electrical. If vibrational, the conduit means or one or more transducers radiates the output signal into the treatment site within a patient. If electrical, one or more transducers receive the output signal and convert the output signal into vibration and then radiate it into the treatment site within a patient. The treatment site is the location of a catheter or other intravenous device, residing within the patient for the purposes of gas exchange in the blood stream or for other long-term treatment. The presence of the vibration increases the efficiency of intravenous gas exchanging devices significantly, and prevents clot formation on the surface of intravenous devices. The programmable output source includes signal conditioning allowing the output signal to be manipulated so as to best accommodate whatever particular catheter or device is being employed. The increase in efficiency of the catheter or device resulting from the vibra tion correlates into safer patient treatment and longer life for the catheter or device employed.


Clinical and animal studies have reported the influence of sex on the incidence and progression of tendinopathy, which results in disparate structural and biomechanical outcomes. However, there remains a paucity in our understanding of the sex‐specific biological mechanisms underlying effective tendon healing. To overcome this hurdle, our group has investigated the impact of sex on tendon regeneration using the super‐healer Murphy Roths Large (MRL/MpJ) mouse strain. We have previously shown that the scarless healing capacity of MRL/MpJ patellar tendons is associated with sexually dimorphic regulation of gene expression for pathways involved in fibrosis, cell migration, adhesion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling following an acute mid‐substance injury. Thus, we hypothesized that MRL/MpJ scarless tendon healing is mediated by sex‐specific and temporally distinct orchestration of cell–ECM interactions. Accordingly, the present study comparatively evaluated MRL/MpJ tendon cells on two‐dimensional (2D; glass) and scaffold platforms to examine cell behavior under biochemical and topographical cues associated with tendon homeostasis and healing. Female MRL/MpJ cells showed reduced 2D migration and spreading area accompanied by enhanced mechanosensing, ECM alignment, and fibronectin‐mediated cell proliferation compared to male MRL/MpJ cells. Interestingly, female MRL/MpJ cells cultured on isotropic scaffolds showed diminished cell–ECM organization compared to male MRL/MpJ cells. Lastly, MRL/MpJ cells elicited enhanced cytoskeletal elongation and alignment, ECM deposition and organization, and connexin 43‐mediated intercellular communication compared to male B6 cells, regardless of culture condition or sex. These results provide insight into the cellular features conserved within the MRL/MpJ phenotype and potential sex‐specific targets for the development of more equitable therapeutics.


A small icon depicting the Hospitality of Abraham, executed and signed by the renowned Cretan painter Angelos Akotantos, is now kept in the Palais-Musée des Archevêques in Narbonne. The panel's iconographic scheme follows that of two well-known works of the second half of the fourteenth century, namely Codex Par. gr. 1242 and the icon in Vatopedi Monastery on Mount Athos. The painter Angelos appears to have been familiar with this scheme, which he supplemented with a few new elements, thereby creating a new iconographic variant that would become established and eventually be adopted by both his contemporaries and later icon-painters from Crete and beyond.


The lagoon of Zumpango has become an urban wetland with a high degree of alteration that threatens its biodiversity. This lagoon is one of the last ecological relicts of the Basin of Mexico, home to a great variety of wetland birds, including some that breed in the lagoon. In this study we describe some aspects of the breeding biology of birds from the family Anatidae that reproduce in the lagoon of Zumpango. We registered five species that breed there: the Fulvous Whistling-Duck ( Dendrocygna bicolor ) the Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos diazi ), the Cinnamon Teal ( Anas cyanoptera ), the Ruddy Duck ( Oxyura jamaicensis ) and also one species that was considered before as a winter visitor: the Gadwall ( Anas strepera ). The breeding season in 2015 started in February and endend in September. We describe the nesting substrate, clutch size for three of the species and hatching success for one. The main causes of reproductive failure were nest abandonment, the loss of clutch and egg infertility. We also report for the first time cooperative breeding in the Ruddy Duck. The lagoon of Zumpango is a fundamental habitat for the reproduction of wetland birds like ducks, whose nesting success is affected as a result of the continiuous habitat transformation and perturbation. It is necessary to implement actions that reduce bird and nest disturbance during the breeding season, as well as to maintain nesting sites.


SYNOPSIS: The first time that the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) was used for underground works in the Sao Paulo Subway was in 1981. Since that time, significant progress has been achieved in successfully optimizing the support and lowering the construction costs. This paper will de scribe the latest experience of two single-track parallel tunnels excavated in 1986 through tertiary stiff clay. All the experience accumulated in previous jobs led to design improvements, such as (1) no steel ribs for support along 72% of the tunnels length (2) no temporary invert, and (3) no spiles, forepoles, soil grouting or any other type of ground improvement. Significant cost and time reduction were the practical result. A method for quick and efficient storage and graph ical interpretation of instrumentation readings was developed and implemented in a network of microcomputers installed at the construction site, owner's and engineers' offices.


The reasons for the very limited success of deterrence-oriented countermeasures are discussed and conclusions are drawn which may have implications for policy. It is observed that either the deterrence proposition is in error, or the measures taken in its name have failed to apply its principles in the empirical world. The inadequacy of the deterrence proposition is discussed and its inadequate application is noted. The limited success of the deterrence-based countermeasures for drunk driving are attributed to oversimplified theory and inadequate application of theoretical prescriptions due to the inertia of the criminal justice system. Drunk driving is viewed as an expectable consequence of the routines of modern societies, and not especially amenable to deterrence-based countermeasures. More direct approaches that are available involve countermeasures addressed to the institutions that cause drunk driving: the production and distribution of alcohol, and the use of automobiles in connection with its consumption. A more cost-effective approach to reducing the casualties associated with drunk driving would be to concentrate on reducing the consequences of crashes rather than trying to control the behavior that precedes crashes. Reference is made to technological modifications of vehicles and highways (such as air bags, seat belts, protective barriers, etc.) which could reduce the trauma experienced in crashes.


We suggest the use of an optical transversal filter for the simultaneous duobinary encoding of several WDM-channels. An add-on concept to upgrade an existing 40 Gb/s WDM system and reduce the channel spacing from 100 to 50 GHz is proposed and investigated.


The utility model relates to a valve element in solar integration engineering. The valve element in solar integration engineering comprises a check valve B and a check valve C, wherein the check valve B is installed at the left end of a valve body, and the check valve C is installed at the right end of the valve body. The valve element in solar integration engineering further comprises the valve body, wherein a plurality of fixing holes are formed in the upper end of the valve body; the fixing holes are further located in the periphery of the valve body; a support leg is arranged at the lower end of the valve body; a lug is arranged at the upper end of the valve body; a long screw is installed on the lug; a check valve A is installed at the upper end of the valve body; the check valve A is provided with a thread boss; a quick-insertion groove is formed in the periphery of the thread boss. According to the valve element in solar integration engineering disclosed by the utility model, installation for a lengthening rod is facilitated, and operating personnel are facilitated to carry the valve body by forming the fixing holes; the operating personnel are facilitated to clamp the valve body by arranging the lug of the long screw; realization for the connection mode of the check valve I is facilitated by arranging the check valve A with the thread boss and the quick-insertion groove; moreover, the valve element in solar integration engineering is simple in structure, convenient to operate, and economic and practical.


By reviewing my clinical observation and study in several medical training hospitals in America for more than one year,this paper introduces advanced manage system of outpatient medical records which are worth to study and reference. These medical records characterized with systematical and standardized form of strict professional standards are effective and efficient for doctors and patients both. The aim is to raise more attention from the hospital management level to the outpatient medical record management.


An RF energy harvesting and storage system is described that trickle charges a battery from incident power levels as low as -25 dBm referred to the feedpoint of an 8 dBi patch antenna. The circuit is optimized for the indoor ambient power range typically observed in the 2.4 GHz ISM band so that we can harvest the energy provided by nearby Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and other devices. In this incident power regime, rectified voltages are low, so power management circuit operation in the 100mV regime is critical. We present several improvements to our prior work that significantly improve its performance, including a novel wideband multi-element antenna array, an improved boost converter, and a redesigned battery charger. At -25dBm RF input power, the new harvesting system sources 150μJ into a rechargeable battery after 1 hour. We believe that this work represents the lowest reported startup power yet achieved in battery-storage RF energy harvesting systems.


Bi-epicondylar avulsion fracture of the distal humerus is a rare injury and poses challenges for treating orthopaedic surgeons. We present a case of 11-year-old boy who presented with bi-epicondylar avulsion fractures of the distal humerus that was managed with innovative 'synergistic tension band analogue technique' and resulted in good clinical outcome.


Just as colourful fresh or dried, cornflowers are a bright, magical, versatile flower that will prove easy for children to grow and that will become a real haven for wildlife.


Acharya Charak has elaborately given importance to Bal-Parikshan in Dashavidha-Pariksha of Vimansthan. According to him Bala can be measured by Vyayamshakti. He has given some glimpse to measure Bala with reference to Vyayam.
Now a days in modern science measurement of Fitness and a person's ability to recover after a strenuous exercise can be measured by Harvard step test and it is considered as one type of Vyayam( Exercise). This test was conducted for 1st year BAMS students and classification of fitness according to fatigue index is presented in the full paper.


Buening, N. & Carlson. S. J. 1992 07 15: Geochemical investigation of growth in selected Recent articulate brachiopods.

Growth increments have traditionally been used to determine age and growth rates of shelled organisms, particularly bivalves. Brachiopod growth increments and the time span they represent are rather poorly understood, however. Geochemical analyses of trace element concentrations preserved in skeletal calcite may provide an alternative method to determine the age of Recent brachiopods and to interpret their patterns of growth. Magnesium is a particularly important trace element in skeletal calcite because it is thought to vary with temperature, growth rate. and taxonomic affiliation. Electron microprobe analyses of Mg concentrations in the Recent articulate, temperate water brachiopods Terebratulina unguicula and Terebrotalia transversa, have revealed two distinct ontogenetic patterns of Mg concentration. The primary ontogenetic pattern is characterized by elevated and more variable levels of Mg concentration during early growth. followed by lower, more stable Mg concentrations during growth after sexual maturity. This pattern appears to be related to a predictable decrease in growth rate through ontopeny. Secondary peaks of Mg superimposed on this primary pattern may represent growth spurts related to annual cycles of productivity. Preliminary Fourier analyses of patterns of Mg concentration provide additional support for this hypothesis. Thus, a record of productivity characterized by annual peaks of Mg concentration may well allow us to age individual brachiopods by means other than size-frequency histograms. growth lines, and other less precise and accurate methods. Brachiopods, growth. biomineralization, calcification, Terebratali transversa, Terebratulina Unogicui.a, magnesium, Calcium, geochemical. ontogeny.


This survey aimed to probe the associations between altruism, social support and subjective health among incoming students with low level of social desirability.


p values are commonly reported in quantitative research, but are often misunderstood and misinterpreted by research consumers. Our aim in this article is to provide special educators with guidance for appropriately interpreting p values, with the broader goal of improving research consumers' understanding and interpretation of research findings. Specifically, we discuss null hypothesis significance testing, describe what p values mean and how they are reported, describe some common misconceptions of p values, and provide two examples from the research literature to illustrate how p values are used in the field. Our take-home message is that p values indicate how likely study results are to occur if the null hypothesis is true, and that p values should be cautiously interpreted.


Among the water bodies in Ethiopia, the Lake Hawasa is one of the many freshwater shallow lakes found in the central Ethiopian Rift Valley. The extended littoral vicinity of the Lake was rich of several benthonic and pelagic zooplanktons such as Protozoans, Rotifers, Crustaceans, and several weed bed fauna like annelids, insects as well as fishes. Rotifers, among all the zooplanktons found abundantly and scattered widely in the lake. The abundance was not only in species but also in population. About eighteen forms of rotifers were recorded in the lake belonging to several orders. Present study is an attempt to understand their distribution, ecology, diversity and systematic study in this aquatic ecosystem. It was indeed a maiden attempt to bring out first hand information by this visiting investigator for a small period of time paving way for more significant studies to be done in future.


Computing devices such as desktop PCs and mobile phones assume a single user at the interface and present an interface personalized to this individual. In the case of large interactive display walls, simultaneous interaction by multiple users becomes possible and consequently, the system needs to adapt to each user at a more fine-grained level. This paper considers the challenges that follow and examines proposed solutions. We first look at requirements for a system that technically identifies the different users and compare existing systems to these requirements. Second, we discuss how to adapt the interface to multiple, possibly collaborating, users: How do we display personal or private data? How do we adapt to users that move around? In a collaborative environment, there is often a need for personal views of data in addition to a shared view. We consider both lens-based user interfaces and the use of additional personal mobile devices as mechanisms for enabling personalized interfaces.


Abstract : Many parallel machines based on the interconnections of the boolean hypercube are now commercially available. A distinctive feature of the hypercube is its universality-computer programs written for simpler architectures, such as grids for example, can be transported onto the hypercube with minimal overhead. These simulations are typically obtained by embedding the simpler architecture within the hypercube. This paper presents efficient embeddings of binary trees in the hypercube. It provides a novel and optimal embedding of a complete binary tree in which all but one tree edges are mapped onto adjacent processors on the hypercube, and the remaining edge is routed through an unused processor. With suitably designed processors and protocols, communication through the forwarding processor should incur no extra delay. The author also presents efficient embeddings of binary trees that are not complete, and shows that any N-node binary tree can be embedded with edges of length log log N+0(1) in a hypercube with no more than 2N processors. The results extend to graphs with small separators. (Author)


The hypothesis has been proposed that cell proliferation, or replicative DNA synthesis (RDS) in S-phase cells, is a nongenotoxic (Ames-negative) mechanism involved in tumorigenesis, providing a very useful conceptual basis for carcinogen testing. In this present study, hepatocyte RDS experiments were conducted using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling in combination with histopathological observation, comparing our results with earlier findings for in situ [3H]thymidine (TdR) labeling. The present BrdU data proved to be consistent with the previous TdR data in all but one case. Hepatocyte RDS induction was observed for some chemicals without hepatotoxicity. BrdU labeling in combination with histopathological observation is therefore a reliable approach to assessment of test compound effects in vivo.


Accommodating the basic principles of corporate governance comes from transparency, participation and accountability, through a system of laws, regulations and disciplinary decisions, to change the concept and content of state budget, from just legislation to legalize public revenue and public expenditures in its traditional numeric terms related to the traditional role of governments, to solid legislation that reflects the medium and long-term plans, programs and strategies, aiming at achieving political, economic, social and development goals, and the extent to which these programs can monitor the required progress and sustainable growth in the infrastructure and public services sectors of rational contemporary state.
This development copes with, in the content and objectives of the public budget (state budget), the evolution of administrative and financial systems, concepts of strategic planning, efficiency in performance, quality and discrimination measurement, and the citizen's role in political life due to their continuous access to accessible information and data, and thus an increased oversight role in supervision and accountability about the optimal use of funds and resources, achieving social justice, eliminating financial and administrative corruption and holding those responsible accountable.


Deleite is a business idea in which seeks to create a space where the customers will be their own chefs, a space where the customers can elaborate, cook, prepare or do their own meal in the time they are learning how to do it, accompanied by a qualified team.


Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious gram-negative bacterium that has become a globalpublic health concern owing to the emergence of multi- and pandrug-resistant strains. This study sought todetermine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa in a tertiary medical center from Malaysia.
Materials and Methods: Each isolate's identity was confirmed using the VITEK 2 GN kit, and subjectedto antibiotic susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 AST-N374 card (for testing against piperacillintazobactam,ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin) andEtest strips (for testing against doripenem and polymyxin B). Isolates which were not susceptible to >1carbapenem were tested for carbapenemase production using the modified carbapenem inactivationMethod (mCIM).
Results: Out of 102 isolates studied, 64 (62.7%) were fully susceptible to all the antibiotics tested.Twenty-six (25.5%) were resistant to >1 antibiotic from >2 antibiotic classes, and 21 (20.6%) wereresistant to >1 antibiotic from >3 classes. Susceptibility was highest with polymyxin B (100%) and lowestwith piperacillin-tazobactam (64.7%). Carbapenem susceptibility was between 78.4% to 81.4%. Out of 22isolates which were not susceptible to >1 carbapenem, 18 (81.8%) were not susceptible to all threecarbapenems.
Conclusion: More than half of our P. aeruginosa isolates were fully susceptible to all the anti-pseudomonalantibiotics tested. Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for between 20% to 25% of all our P. aeruginosaisolates. Through mCIM testing, carbapenemase production did not appear to be the dominant resistancemechanism.
J MEDICINE 2022; 23: 54-60


We report a case of 48-year old woman who presented with dementia, progressive mental decline, personality change, paresis of the right lower extremity, and gait ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1-weighted image revealed bilateral thalamic swelling with homogenous low signal intensity and mild contrast enhancement with gadolinium. The T2- weighted image showed high intensity lesions in the bilateral thalamus, septum pellucidum and fornix. A CT-guided stereotactic biopsy of the lesion revealed fibrillary astrocytoma grade III as per WHO classification. Bilateral thalamic gliomas are very rare tumours and when present may resemble other benign diseases having similar clinical presentations DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10059 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.3(1) 2014; 71-73


The influence of DC constant magnetic field on tribological behaviour of GCr15/45 steel pair against disc in atmosphere was investigated.Experiments show that,compared with non-magnetic field condition,the wear loss decreases;the friction and wear process with vice friction surface can absorb more grindings,the surface has more oxygen,witch changes the friction and wear mechanism of the material and improves the tribological properties of GCr15 steel.


A facile strategy that directly reducing alkynyl-silver precursors and copper salts for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoclusters using weak reducing agent Ph2SiH2 is demonstrated. Two alkynyl-protected concentric-shell nanoclusters, (Ph4P)2[Ag22Cu12(C≡CR)28] and (Ph4P)3[Ag42Cu12Cl(C≡CR)36] (Ag22Cu12 and Ag42Cu12Cl, R = bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), were successfully obtained and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry. For the first time, a hybrid 55-atom two-shell Mackay icosahedron was found in Ag42Cu12Cl, which is icosahedral M54Cl instead of M55. The incorporation of a chloride in the metal icosahedron contributes to the stability of the cluster from both electronic and geometric aspects. Alkynyl ligands show various binding-modes including linear "RC≡C-Cu-C≡CR" staple motifs.


Microwave digestion was applied in the pre-treatment of limestone sample,and the contents of nine mineral elements(Si,Ca,Al,Mg,Fe,K,Ti,Sr and Mn)in limestone were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES).GBW 07120 and GBW 07214a were used as limestone standard reference materials.The effect of three acids(HNO3,HNO3/HF and HNO3/HF+H3BO3)on element recovery was studied.The results showed that limestone sample was completely decomposed with HNO3/HF+H3BO3.This method achieved good recoveries for all elements in the two limestone standard reference materials.The recoveries of nine elements were from 88.5% to 104.1% and all RSD of tests were below 3%.


THE OBSERVATION was made by Sir Edward Mellanby 1 that dogs maintained on a diet of which the whole wheat portion had been treated with nitrogen trichloride (agene®) exhibited symptoms of "canine hysteria" or "canine epilepsy." This observation initiated a number of studies on the convulsant action of such materials. 2 The experimental production of convulsions by chemical, electrical or surgical means, in the study of epilepsy, has not been altogether satisfactory, in that the convulsive phenomenon usually occurs with such rapidity that investigation of precipitating factors is not really possible. 3 However, nitrogen trichloride intoxication permits one to produce the syndrome of "canine hysteria" over a period of days, during which symptoms cumulate. At a fairly predictable time (dependent on the dose of agenized material) a convulsion occurs, usually followed by several similar seizures; however, the whole syndrome is reversible, provided that excessive doses have not been administered. The


Back in the 1950s, during the oral part of the qualifying exam at the University of Wisconsin, a student was once asked what Robert Oppenheimer had contributed to physics. "I don't know,"the student confessed – and was informed that this was the correct answer.


In Egypt, in the mid-nineteenth century imprisonment became the principal form of punishment. However, prior to the British occupation in 1882, Egyptian prisons were not used as instruments of rehabilitation. Even in the first part of the British occupation, the colonial officials devoted their efforts toward improving living conditions in prisons, and paid little attention to utilizing prisons as instruments of rehabilitation.In 1897, Charles Coles, ex-commandant of the Cairo police, was nominated as inspector-general of prisons. Until his time, the Egyptian prison system was not organized. But, in 1901 it was centralized by La'ihat al-Sujun, the Prison Law. According to this law, the Egyptian prison system consisted of three types of prisons, i. e., penal servitude establishments, central prisons, and local prisons. Of these prisons, the central prisons served as the main institutions in the Egyptian prison system.Through Coles' reforms, living conditions in these prisons were gradually improved and offenders were given different treatment according to their sentence and criminal history. In the central prisons, first offenders sentenced to imprisonment or detention with labor were put to work in various workshops, such as those for blacksmiths, carpenters, tinsmiths, etc. Through this, they got a means to earn their living after finishing their terms. So, it was aimed at rehabilitating or training them. On the other hand, the other inmates were excluded from work in the workshops. Therefore, it can be also said that British colonial officials intended to rehabilitate and reform offenders efficiently by giving first offenders priority over repeaters or offenders who committed more serious crimes.In conclusion, in the era of the British occupation Egyptian prisons, especially central prisons, were transformed into penitentiaries like ones in Western Europe.


Distance metric learning is of fundamental interest in machine learning because the distance metric employed can significantly affect the performance of many learning methods. Quadratic Mahalanobis metric learning is a popular approach to the problem, but typically requires solving a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem, which is computationally expensive. Standard interior-point SDP solvers typically have a complexity of $O(D^{6.5})$ (with $D$ the dimension of input data), and can thus only practically solve problems exhibiting less than a few thousand variables. Since the number of variables is $D (D+1) / 2 $, this implies a limit upon the size of problem that can practically be solved of around a few hundred dimensions. The complexity of the popular quadratic Mahalanobis metric learning approach thus limits the size of problem to which metric learning can be applied. Here we propose a significantly more efficient approach to the metric learning problem based on the Lagrange dual formulation of the problem. The proposed formulation is much simpler to implement, and therefore allows much larger Mahalanobis metric learning problems to be solved. The time complexity of the proposed method is $O (D ^ 3) $, which is significantly lower than that of the SDP approach. Experiments on a variety of datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art, but is applicable to significantly larger problems. We also show that the proposed method can be applied to solve more general Frobenius-norm regularized SDP problems approximately.


This article based on the works of Karl Polanyi (1886-1964), the famous American and Canadian economist, one of the founders of economic anthropology, explores two conceptual approaches to identifying the place of economy in society – societal and economistic. The article examines the substantive definition of economics (as an institutionally formalized process of interaction between man and the environment aimed at satisfying needs) given by K. Polanyi, as opposed to its formal definition by representatives of neoclassical economics (as a process of satisfying needs by choosing alternative options for managing scarce resources). It analyses the core idea of K. Polanyi's societal approach, i.e. the idea of "embeddedness" of the economy into society as a more complex and polystructural system, that gives economic processes different institutional forms for different societies. The article exposes the fundamental nature of the economistic approach implying a separation of the economy from a set of social ties into a separate sphere, operating according to its autonomous laws. This approach, typical for market fundamentalists, results in the inevitability of submission of all social life spheres to the logic of price forming markets. The author considers Polanyi's arguments against the economistic approach, which (just like the formal definition of economics), in his opinion, is applicable only for a short historical period of the formation of the industrial system, when the main factors of production – labor and land – become goods and their flow is subject to the market laws not being mitigated by any social "shock absorbers". This situation threatens with serious social cataclysms and to avoid them the society, in the next stages of its development, blocks the effects of spontaneous market forces by the means of social and labor legislation, strong trade unions, state regulation of money-and-credit relations, and the land market, environmental legislation and other institutional regulators.


On the basis of a detailed study of both oral and written Canadian jokes about Newfoundlanders in both English and French, it is shown that these jokes are essentially similar to the ethnic stupidity jokes told in other countries but often using local material specific to Canada and Newfoundland. There are no significant differences between the jokes of English Speakers and French Speakers. Spoken jokes in both languages, including those told in Newfoundland itselft depict the Newfoundlanders äs being dirty äs well äs stupid äs in the corresponding American jokes, a characteristic not found in the ethnic stupidity jokes told in Britain and France. This important finding wouldhave been missed by a study confined to published jokes due to the high degree of self-censorship employed by the Canadian editors of jokebooks written in English äs distinct from French; the Anglophone editors omit or bowdlerize jokes about "dirty Newfies," even though, äs shown in this study, the dirtiness jokes are not in any way an expression of hostility towards Newfoundlanders. Rather, the jokes demonstrate that both English and French speaking Canadians have an American style Obsession with hygiene and are culturally closer to the United States than to Britain and France. Where Canada does differ from all of these other countries, is in the apologetic way in which, even öfter self-censorship, published collections of ethnic jokes are presented to


Abstract Background Ankle brachial index (ABI) has been shown to be a specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Both PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) are caused by atherosclerosis, which is a narrowing of the arteries due to the build-up of plaque and fatty material inside the lumen. The aim of our study is to find out the relation between ABI and coronary angiographic findings with cardiovascular risk factors and gender in patients admitted in a tertiary care center with a provisional diagnosis of CAD. Methods It is a cross-sectional observational study, in which patients admitted with suspected CAD are included. In this study, patient characteristics such as demographics, family history, past history of CAD, and other comorbidities were included, and also the risk factors for atherosclerosis such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking history were enquired by using a predetermined proforma. In all study patients, ABI was measured prior to coronary artery angiogram (CAG). ABI ≤ 0.9 was considered as PAD, and ABI between 0.9 and 1.4 was considered as normal. Then, all patients included in the study underwent CAG. The results of the ABI reports were compared with the angiographic findings and atherosclerotic risk factors. Results In this study, 90 patients were included who were admitted for CAG. Twenty-two patients have ABI ≤ 1.09 among them, 9 patients have no CAD, and 13 patients have CAD on CAG. Sixty-eight patients have ABI ≥ 1.10, with 28 patients having no CAD and 40 patients having CAD. There is difference in the right and left mean ABI with right ABI less than left ABI, and it is statistically significant (p = 0.014). By binary logistic regression, the determinants of CAD are left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) and age, and ABI was not a predictor. In our study, out of 90 patients, only 1 had ABI < 0.9 (1.1%). Therefore, it is not worth doing ABI in all patients undergoing CAG to rule out peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This is true in male and female patients and even in the diabetics. In comparing male and female ABI, there is no significance between ABI in both the sexes. Conclusion This study findings concluded that ABI is not a useful method in assessing the risk factors and the severity of CAD in suspected patients. Only left ventricle EF and age were the predictors of the presence of CAD, and ABI was not a predictor. This study have shown the difference in the right and left mean ABI with right ABI less than left ABI, which is an important finding. This study has also shown the similar prevalence of ABI in both sexes. However, to make more accurate results on ABI (right vs. left), we should plan studies with larger sample size in future.


Photoelectric photometry in reported of three known and 22 new variables, all brighter than V=7 m .5. The three known ones are: the ellipsoidal variable 42 (V467) Per, the β Cep-type star HR 6684 = V2052 Oph, and the eclipning variable HR 8854=V649 Cas. The new variable stars are listed in Table 4. They include two β Cep candidates, one eclipsing and three ellipsoidal variables, a «mid-B» variable, an α 2 CVn variable, and two λ Eri stars. The twelwe remaining new variables could not be classified because of insufficient data. The λ Eri variables found in the present investigation, together with some examples from the literature, indicate that rotational modulation occurs not only in Be, but also in normal B stars


Objective: To analyze the influential factors in detectable population with hypertension in Tianjin,and explore the related tendency.Methods: Based on data of citizen fitness supervision in Tianjin in 2005,19087 citizens aged from 20-69 years old were selected,and participated in the questionnaire and detection.The general data,hobby,educational level,and occupation of subjects were investigated.The pulses in the morning and fitness indices were detected.Results:(1) Factors influencing hypertension included the environment,body constitution and age.(2) The effect of environment on hypertension was increased in males,and environment became the most important factor.(3) The effect of age on hypertension was increased in females.(4) In terms of body constitution,factors influencing hypertension were waist circumstance and body weight.Conclusion: The detailed life environment such as life style and financial status in the subjects with hypertension should be studied in the future.


The use of correct language according to EYD rules is one very important factor in terms of writing. But in reality, there are still many errors in the use of language caused by the lack of attention to the nature of correct language use according to EYD. Misuse of spelling or sentences can be found in various print media, such as invitations, banners, official letters, magazines, and also advertisement leaflets or announcements that are often posted in various places in public spaces. The purpose of this study (1) Describe the structural study of language in the errors of language foreign and regional in public spaces (2) Describe the influence of the use of language in public spaces in the Grobogan area. This research is a qualitative research. The research data collection was obtained from direct image capture on site. Retrieval of data sources was taken starting in March 2019. Data collection techniques using observation and documentation techniques. The results showed (1) that people in the Grobogan area often found writing words and sentences that were not in accordance with the applicable Indonesian rules. In the results of research, the rise of the use of foreign languages in society is actually inseparable from the views of some people who consider foreign languages to have higher prestige compared to Indonesian (2) Errors that often occur in the form of errors in the form of punctuation, letters, abbreviations, acronyms, or foreign elements contained in public space media.


The compensation for forest ecological benefits becomes the focus of ecological field in recent years.Some studies paid special attentions to the evaluation of whole ecological values.And,most of them neglected special situation.Some studies paid special attentions to one aspect of ecological values,but it was very difficult to meet the real needs.Theories about regional location quotient and leading industry are the typical theories of regional economics.Based on these theories,a new notion,leading ecological values,was proposed in order to solve the problems of previous studies.Badaling forestry center was taken as an example to illustrate how to rediscover the ecological benefits of forest resources.The ecological location quotient was calculated to ascertain the leading ecological values.Based on the calculated result,a new reasonable way of calculating standards of compensation was set up,and a tentative model was given to compensate the ecological benefits in time and space order.


This study examines the instructional preferences exhibited by students in an Australian and
Zimbabwean setting, and how cultural conditioning can reflect in the instructional design
choice. Using graphical and textual presentations, an experiment with three instructional
designs and 217 undergraduate students, this study empirically examines student
understanding of financial accounting in the two countries. Student's performance scores and
reported mental effort ratings were used to determine the instructional preference. The
findings of this comparative study show that Australian accounting students prefer graph and
text designs aligned with a low power distance while Zimbabwean students prefer graphical
and textual designs associated with a high power distance. The results suggest that different
people see the world in different ways and demands educators to deliver culturally sensitive
and culturally adaptive accounting instructional material.


The characteristic of life-long learning in the twenty-first century is learner-centered.The social education resources are getting richer and richer,so they should be rectified efficiently to serve the study-oriented society.Based on the features of the low threshold of employment in service trades,a more systemic knowledge dispatching system should be established,including research centers for study designing and dispatching,channels and networks of distribution,and effective study evaluation system.


The first international meeting on the ancient lakes of the world, which took place in Belgium in 1993 (SIAL '93), focussed on biological diversity and speciation mechanisms. The subject of the second meeting (ICAL '97), concerned the integration of cultural with biological diversity in lake studies. The following are the impressions and views of a single participant at the conference. lt being impossible to give a fui! account here, this summary concerns only certain outstanding characteristics of the meeting and the main factors which led to its success.


Abstract. Putra GDS, Khairullah AR, Effendi MH, Lazuardi M, Kurniawan SC, Afnani DA, Silaen OSM, Waruwu YKK, Millannia SK, Widodo A, Ramadhani S, Farizqi MTI, Riwu KHP. 2023. Detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairies milk in Medowo Village of Kediri District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 423-430. Bacterial resistance has emerged as a major concern in dairy farms in Indonesia due to the pervasive usage of antibiotics. Furthermore, no specific research has been done to explain the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in isolated milk from dairy cows in Kediri, particularly in Medowo Village, and their antibiotic resistance. Moreover, to control the emergence of diseases in humans brought on by dairy cow's milk or infections transmitted through milk, additional research on the prevalence and resistance of bacteria in dairy farms in the Kediri district is urgently required. In Medowo, the Village Kandangan of District, Kediri Regency, Indonesia, 100 dairy cow's milk samples were taken from farms in numerous hamlets. The Kirby-Bauer method performed an antibiotic sensitivity test using disk diffusion. The sensitivity test was attached with antibiotic discs on tetracycline, penicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin. According to sample evaluation results, S. aureus was detected in 94 (94%) of the 100 isolated milk samples based on morphological culture features, Gram staining, and biochemical assays. According to the profile of antibiotic resistance derived from the findings of the S. aureus antibiotic resistance test, 23 isolates (24.47%) were proven to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) because they were resistant to three to four classes of antibiotics. The use of antibiotics typically rises in response to an increase in the prevalence of disease in cattle, which could lead to higher levels of antibiotic residue in milk and possibly higher levels of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, dairy farming requires methods for prudently and correctly employing antibiotics.


In many species, individuals who experience harsh conditions during development often have poor health and fitness outcomes in adulthood relative to peers who do not. There are two classes of evolutionary hypotheses for the origins of these early life contributors to inequality in adulthood: developmental constraints (DC) models, which focus on the deleterious effects of low-quality early-life environments, and predictive adaptive response (PAR) hypotheses, which emphasize the cost of mismatches between early and adult environments. Distinguishing DC and PAR models empirically is difficult for both conceptual and analytical reasons. Here, we resolve this difficulty by providing explicit mathematical definitions for DC, PARs, and related concepts, and propose a novel, quadratic regression-based statistical test derived from these definitions. Simulations show that this approach improves the ability to discriminate between DC and PAR hypotheses relative to a common alternative based on testing for interaction effects between developmental and adult environments. Simulated data indicate that the interaction effects approach often conflates PARs with DC, while the quadratic regression approach yields high sensitivity and specificity for detecting PARs. Our results highlight the value of linking verbal and visual models to a formal mathematical treatment for understanding the developmental origins of inequitable adult outcomes.


ABSTRACT In periodontitis, alveolar bone resorption is induced by excessive host immune and inflammatory response against bacterial infection. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory responses. SLPI inhibits joint inflammation and bone destruction, but the function of SLPI in periodontitis is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated whether SLPI inhibits the inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption in LPS-induced periodontitis of rats. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis showed that SLPI inhibited alveolar bone resorption by LPS-induced periodontitis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that SLPI decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukine-1β (IL-1β) expression in periodontitis tissue, and decreased mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. The results indicated that SLPI reduced alveolar bone resorption in LPS-induced periodontitis and inhibited inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, expression in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Therefore, SLPI could be a regulatory molecule by inhibiting alveolar bone resorption through the reduction of inflammatory cytokines, and inducing osteoblast activation for bone formation.


The purpose of this study is to describe the current system process with the COBIT 5 domain, calculate the level of capability, link the assessment of COBIT 5 with the Public Health Service Accreditation instrument, and identification of resource support. Research design using qualitative methods and how to collect data using observation, interview and questionnaire. Stages performed in conducting the evaluation by conducting research planning, determine the scope of evaluation, data collection and processing, assessment report and evaluation, mapping the relationship with the guidance of Accreditation assessment at the Public Health Service. From the results of research using balanced scordcard on COBIT 5 instrument, the selected domains are EDM02, EDM04, AP001, APO06, APO07, DSS01, DSS02, DSS05, and DSS06. COBIT 5 users on Public Health Service Accreditation, supporting assessment activities in Chapter II and Chapter VII. Assessment of resources in the patient information system shows activities that still do not meet the level of capability.


Underground injection of carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a common practice in the oil and gas industry and has often been cited as a proven method of sequestering CO2 (US DOE, 1999). Of all sequestration methods, this is probably the best understood, as carbon dioxide has been used in the oil industry for many years. Additionally, most oil fields have been relatively well characterized geologically, and often have impermeable layers above them, which will act as traps for sequestered CO2. Miscible CO2 flooding is particularly favorable for both EOR and sequestration because the absence of capill ary forces increases the efficiency of the displacement. Of course, the goals of enhanced oil recovery and CO2 sequestration are not the same, so a flooding process optimized for sequestration will be somewhat different than one for oil recovery.


Using ZrOCl2·8H2O and NH3·H2O as raw materials,the nanometer-sized ZrO2 was prepared by dehydration distillation process and chemical coprecipitation.The structure,particle size,specific surface area and pore structure of the powder were investigated by TEM,XRD and BET.The results show that ZrO2 powder is monmclinic ZrO2 and tetragonal ZrO2,nano-sized with particle size of 10~20 nm and a high specific surface area of 115.64 m2/g,at the calcination of 400 ℃ for 4 h,T.P.V of 0.369 mL/g,A.P.D of 6.375 nm.It will keep good particle distribution and in nano-sized properties.This powder can be used as catalysts support.


We report observations of volcanic tremor (a sustained seismic signal characterized by welldefined peaks in the spectra) in Fogo Island, Cape Verde. Tremor in the range 2-3 Hz displays a semi-diurnal amplitude modulation controlled by the lunar tidal harmonic M2. Highfrequency volcanic tremor, with spectral peaks in the band 6-21 Hz is also observed. Several occurrences are characterized by regularly spaced spectral peaks, but non-harmonic behavior is also common. The spatial variation of the amplitudes in Fogo and Brava islands suggests an offshore source of the high-frequency tremor, located to the SE of Fogo.


This introductory article sets the scene for understanding the seven articles that follow in this Special Issue of the Journal. It lays the groundwork in five areas. First, it explains key terms and concepts important for understanding interests, interest groups and lobbying in developing democracies and goes into some detail about the concept of democracy. Second, it offers insights into the characteristics of interest group systems in developing democracies. Third, it briefly reviews the form and extent of the existing work written on interest groups in these political systems. Fourth, it argues that viewing developing democracies through the role of interest groups is a valuable analytical tool but must be adapted from the study of interest groups in developed and well-established democracies to be of use in understanding these developing systems. And fifth, it points out how the seven articles that follow help illustrate the definitions and explanations presented in the previous four sections and the promise and challenges faced by interests and interest groups in these political systems.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The location model and algorithm of transfer station of earthquake emergency material were established according to the characteristics of transfer station of earthquake.The problems of urgency and excessive coverage were existed in the location of transfer station of earthquake emergency material.And the effect of inventory was compromised in the paper.On the basis,the chance-constrained model adapting to the characteristics of earthquake was designed.With simplifying the chance-constraint,the genetic algorithm was chosen to solve it.With calculation example,the algorithm was proved to be potentially implemented in practice case,and had better astringency and searching efficiency.The study offered clue to the solution of the other emergencies.


Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells that release preformed mediators from granules when activated by e.g. bacteria, viruses and allergens. Among the granule components are proteoglycans, histamine and proteases (chymase, tryptase and carboxypeptidase A). The proteases are bound to serglycin proteoglycans in the granules, and some remain attached to the proteoglycans after expulsion from the secretory granules. The importance of the interaction between proteases and proteoglycans is exemplified by MCs lacking an enzyme essential for heparin biosynthesis, N-deactylase/Nsulfotransferase-2 (NDST-2). Mice with this deficit display impaired storage of many MC granule components, e.g. proteases and histamine. We could show that polycationic compounds inhibited chymase (mMCP-4/rMCP-1) by disrupting its interaction with heparin. Furthermore, these polycations inhibited human tryptase (recombinant βI-tryptase) and made the otherwise resilient enzyme susceptible to macromolecular inhibitors. Our findings may be of therapeutic interest when treating pathologies associated with these enzymes. Mast cells may take part in regulation of blood pressure and angiogenesis, and this could occur through metabolism of the peptide angiotensin I (AngI). We confirmed the MC involvement in AngI processing using the NDST-2 deficient mice. We subsequently elucidated that the responsible proteases were chymase (mMCP-4) and carboxypeptidase A (CPA), and that they acted in concert on AngI, producing both blood pressure elevating peptides and blood pressure reducing peptides. Mast cells are implicated in connective tissue regulation, and a suggested pathway is through activation of matrix degrading enzymes, e.g. the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). We could show that activation of proMMP-9 is dependent on MCs, and especially the chymase mMCP-4, as shown by impaired processing of proMMP-9 in peritoneal cell cultures from mice lacking NDST-2 or mMCP-4. Investigation of tissues from mMCP-4-/- revealed increased deposits of extracellular matrix components and reduced levels MMP-9. Additionally, we could show that proMMP-2 processing was completely abolished in peritoneal cell cultures from mice lacking serglycin. Furthermore, we showed that the formation of MMP-2 was abrogated in the presence of serine protease inhibitors and when cell cultures were depleted of MCs. The latter study reveals a novel pathway for proMMP-2 processing, which could be of relevance in connection with MMP2-associated pathological conditions such as cancer.


Since the technology decision in 2004, in the area of cavity development the KEK group has been pursuing two, distinct cavity shapes TESLA-like and Low-loss, aka LL. However, as the KEK LC office announced in the beginning of JFY2007, we would like to sort out the development programs for SRF cavities with the start of JFY2008. This is so as to make a clearer prioritization of the efforts and an optimized resource allocation associated with them. The background for making such a decision, at this point, is two-fold:


Background: Orphan children globally and in India are increasing. Magnitude of their health problems is unknown. The present study was carried out to assess the morbidity pattern of orphan children aged 10–16 years, assess their knowledge about signs and symptoms of common childhood morbidities and treatment-seeking practices. Methods: One hundred institutionalized orphan children aged 10–16 years were studied for 6 months. Data was collected by trained investigators regarding sociodemographic background, awareness about common morbidities and treatment seeking practices. Thorough clinical examination and anthropometric measurements were done. Distribution of morbidities was shown. Results: 80% of the boys and 68% of the girls had low BMI. 78% suffered from multiple morbidities of which 76% had infections of skin and appendages while 74% had ear problems. 26% had diarrhea and 21% had B-complex deficiency. The mean duration of all diseases was 7±1.1 days. Awareness about diseases and their complications was low; and self-care was highly prevalent for most health problems. Conclusions: Orphan children in South India suffer from many morbidities about which their awareness and treatment seeking is low.


The production of long-lived 59 Ni as activation product is of concern for a fusion environment. Its main production is the (n,2n) reaction of 14-MeV neutrons on stable 60 Ni with some additional contributions from neutron capture reactions on 58 Ni via lower energy neutrons. Information for the production of 59 Ni via the (n,2n) reaction is strongly discordant or completely missing. Ni metal samples were available to us which had previously been irradiated with neutrons at energies of 17 and 19 MeV. After the irradiation the amount of produced 59 Ni was measured via accelerator mass spectrometry utilizing the 14-MV tandem accelerator of Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory in Munich. A second important issue is the half-life of 59 Ni: The accepted value is t1/2 = (76 ± 5) kyr which is substantially lower than the value of (108 ± 13) kyr which was obtained a few years later in an independent measurement. The later value is based on relative measurements using the thermal 54 Fe neutron capture cross section. A new measurement of this cross section is underway at the VERA laboratory in Vienna applying AMS for the quantification of 55 Fe. The new data will allow to generate a more precise value for the half-life of 59 Ni compared to the previous one.


life as BLMR Working Papers and deal with topics hitherto largely neglected in Australian research. The quality of the various papers is inevitably uneven. It ranges from excellence to mediocrity, but the general standard is good. The editors' introductions to each section of the book are uniformly very effective in establishing a context for the individual papers and also lend a certain polish to the book. Moreover, the bibliographies set out at the end of each chapter are comprehensive and add to the general impression of editorial professionalism in compiling this volume. Labour economics is a fast-developing subject, and there has been an upsurge of research in the area in Australia in recent years. This book is timely in that it draws together a recent body of literature, which is scattered around various journals, and organizes it within the context of the main developments in the subject. The editors are to be congratulated on a fine effort. Needless to say this book will be required reading for all students of labour economics in' Australia. It will not, I believe, stand as 'a selfsufficient text' for students, however. A more systematic introduction is required as a main text, but this book will be an ideal complement to an orthodox text.


We have presented a new general function photonic crystals (GFPCs), which refractive index is a function of space position. Based on Fermat principle, we achieve the motion equations of light in one-dimensional general function photonic crystals, and calculate its transfer matrix. In this paper, we choose the line refractive index function for two mediums $A$ and $B$, and obtain new results: (1) when the line function of refractive indexes is up or down, the transmissivity can be far larger or smaller than 1. (2) when the refractive indexes function increase or decrease at the direction of incident light, the light intensity should be magnified or weaken, which can be made light magnifier or attenuator. (3) The GFPCs can also be made optical diode. The new general function photonic crystals can be applied to design more optical instruments.


collection is truly fine and demonstrates the contribution of the new labor history to our understanding of both labor history and of historical methodology. The papers in The Labor History Reader concern strikes, worker organization, and other topics familiar to practitioners of the old labor history. The approach used in these studies, however, is broader than that of earlier research in two respects: the emphasis given to community and cultural values, as well as economic conditions, in explaining worker behavior, and the concern to study the experiences of black and female workers as well as those of white males. Nearly a third of the nonreview articles included in The Labor History Reader deal directly with black or female workers. Gary Nash, for example, demonstrates how the hostility of mothers and widows to the discipline of factory labor doomed attempts to establish a textile factory in early eighteenth-century Boston. Dale Newman addresses the barriers to collective action among twentieth-century textile workers in North Carolina. Other papers address the often trying relationship between black and women workers and unions led by white males. The early successes and the ultimate collapse of interracial unions in Alabama, around 1900, is discussed in a paper by Paul Worthman, and the unfriendly relationship between women workers and the socialist union leadership in the garment and the auto industries is the subject of papers by Alice Kessler-Harris and Nancy Gabin. Other articles address the experiences of white, male workers while using an approach different from that of the old labor history. David Montgomery, for example, emphasizes the ethical code of skilled, craftsman and their sense of manliness in explaining strike patterns in the late nineteenth century. Herbert Gutman discusses how community support aided railroad strikers in the early 1870s and constrained the power of national railroad capitalists. Papers by Daniel Nelson and Joshua Freeman on labor unrest in the 1930s and the 1940s also depart from earlier approaches by emphasizing rank-and-file militancy rather than formal union institutions. All but one of the articles in The Labor History Reader is written by a historian, and most use literary evidence to study relatively limited case studies. Only five of the articles report any statistics, although at least twelve cover topics where quantitative analysis could be applied. The reliance on literary evidence and reluctance to generalize marks a further methodological break with the old labor history which was usually written by economists who were quick to use statistical data and eager to formulate general theories. The lack of quantitative evidence is unfortunate; as the history of a social movement involving large groups of people, labor history is a field amenable to the use of quantitative techniques, as has been shown by insightful statistical studies of the labor history of France and Britain. We have learned much from the new labor history about the history of workers in various localities; we still lack, however, the statistical studies necessary to generalize from these case studies to the experience of the working class in American history. Until these studies are done, and further generalizations are attempted, we lack a substitute for the Commons-Perlman paradigm of the "job conscious" worker.


The optimization of case hardening depth for small gears was investigated with the use of Abaqus and the subroutine DANTE to simulate the formation of the microstructural phases, resulting in resid ...


The active fault diagnosis (AFD) framework for stochastic large scale systems is treated. The systems are assumed to be decomposed into weakly coupled input-decentralized subsystems. Each subsystem is represented by a set of models describing fault-free and faulty behavior of the subsystems. The paper focuses on the problem formulation where the state of each subsystem is observed only indirectly using noisy measurements. The decentralized and distributed architectures of the AFD are considered, the corresponding estimation and optimization problems are set up and approximate solutions to these problems are proposed. The performance of the active fault detector in both architectures is illustrated using a numerical example.


Background: Hepatitis C is a major health problem worldwide and the most common indicator for the need of a liver transplantation in many countries. Objective: To determine the biochemical evolution and the histological response of patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with ribavirin and recombinant interferon alfa-2b in the provincial Hepatology consultation. Methods: A descriptive observational study was


Library use in Nigeria has the potential to grow as "popularization" of reading moves into the peripheries of the society. The socio-historical factors related to library use in Nigeria explored in this paper are helpful in understanding the limited attention given to libraries by all but the elite of Nigerian society. Although an increase in library patronage has occurred in Nigeria, spurred on by the development of the popular press in the 1970s, a larger audience is still desirable. An informed and educated use of public relations can work to increase the popularization of using the library that has already begun.


The aim of this study is to compare the least squares (LS) method that lost its function in the case of multicollinearity in regression methods with Ridge Regression (RR) and Principal Components Regression (PCR) which are bias estimators. For this aim, the effect of some body measurements on body weight (BW), body length (BL), height at withers (HW), height at rump (HR), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG) and chest width (CW) obtained from 59 Saanen kids at weaning period raised at Research Farm of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University. Determination coefficient (R2) and mean square error (MSE) values were used to evaluate the estimation performance of the methods. The multicollinearity between height at withers (HW) and height at rump (HR) which were used to estimate body weight was eliminated by using RR and PCR. When R2 and HKO values of the examined methods are compared; It has been shown that RR method have better results of live weight of Saanen goats.


In 1940, the American people abandoned isolationism. While at the outset of that year polls still showed that staying out of war (World War II) was seen as the best course for the United States, by the end of 1940 that had changed to helping England win even at the risk of America getting into the war. FDR himself was the most prominent advocate of that policy. He took advantage of the new medium of radio to broadcast his views in "fireside chats," a form of communication he himself invented, while also enlisting the services of a pollster, Hadley Cantril. FDR's fireside chats as well as other speeches diminished the appeal of isolationism while building support for his interventionist policies. It was a masterful display of opinion leadership, using new media.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of alcohol-free beverages based on concentrated grape juice. The alcohol-free beverage contains 80-150 g of concentrated grape juice and liquid additives of vegetable raw material per 1 l of the ready beverage. The liquid additives of vegetable raw material are represented by 3.0-5.0 g of Hibiscus Sabdariffa species plant extract, 0.2-0.4 g of cloves extract, 1.5-3.5 g of ginger extract and 1.5-3.5 g of nutmeg extract. Additionally, the beverage contains 50-110 g of sugar and/or sugar substitute and water -balance. The beverage may contain 1.5- 4.0 g of citric acid as well as 0.1-0.3 g of culinary salt per 1 l of the ready beverage. EFFECT: invention ensures production of an alcohol-free beverage similar to alcohol-free wine in terms of its organoleptic properties. 3 cl, 2 ex


Recent work demonstrated the importance of macroautophagy in dendritic cell (DC) maturation and innate cytokine production upon viral infection through delivery of cytoplasmic viral components to intracellular TLRs. To study the functional consequences of impaired autophagosome formation during a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, mice harboring significant autophagy defects due to Beclin-1 haploinsufficiency (Beclin-1+/−) were used. Upon RSV infection in vivo, lungs of Beclin-1+/− mice showed increased Th2 cytokine production, mucus secretion, and lung infiltration of eosinophils and inflammatory DCs. Although isolated airway epithelial cells from Beclin-1+/− mice demonstrated little change compared with wild-type mice, Beclin-1+/− pulmonary and bone marrow–derived DCs showed decreased expression of MHC class II and innate cytokine production upon RSV infection. Further examination indicated that Beclin-1+/− DCs stimulated less IFN-γ and IL-17 production by cocultured CD4+ T cells and increased Th2 cytokine production in comparison with wild-type controls. Finally, adoptive transfer of RSV-infected Beclin-1+/− DCs into the airways of wild-type mice produced severe lung pathology and increased Th2 cytokine production upon subsequent RSV challenge compared with wild-type DC transfer controls. These results indicate a critical role for autophagy in DCs during pulmonary viral infection, facilitating appropriate antiviral adaptive immune responses.


Fernandez de Oviedo's concept of the making of history figures is one of the distinguishing characteristics of his Historia general y natural de las Indias (1535, 1547, 1557). Living in the geographical and chronological center of the Spanish Conquest of the New World, Oviedo, as Charles V's official Court Chronicler, recorded the momentous events of the Spanish encounter with the New World as they occurred.1 History was being made by the Spaniards, and Oviedo was responsible for gathering information and compiling reports for a history of the New World, which would preserve authentic evidence of the Conquest. Because he lived in the midst of the history about which he wrote, Oviedo's accounts often lack the breadth of information and the perspective time can lend to the writing of history. Writing over a period of thirty years, however, enabled the Court Chronicler to gather new information about incidents he had already recorded and this led him to engage in a process of continual correction, expansion, and revision of the history. Yet more significant to the understanding of Oviedo's concept of history than his own geographical and chronological situation is his preoccupation with writing a truthful representation of historical events. His dedication to the idea of a history that would mirror, as closely as possible, men's actions as they actually occurred, as the omnipresent God would have witnessed them, helps to explain his use of multiple reports of a single incident.2 In keeping with the biblical model of using multiple representations to indicate the author's desire for accuracy, if new information contradicted a previous report, Oviedo often revised the account or wrote another version of it in order to see again the events he had recorded; this methodology, he hoped, would reveal the true nature of the moral and natural history of the Indies.3 The Spanish historian's concept of a truthful history becomes clearer when viewed in light of the intellectual currents and political ideology that influenced him. For example, Oviedo's early exposure to Italian humanism and the classical historian's moralizing tendency;4 the author's belief in Spain's destiny to establish a universal Catholic empire and, therefore, his belief in the need to testify to the validity of the Spanish Conquest; and the author's recent conversion to Erasmian illuminism (about 1525) and its alternative to the novels of chivalry, "el libro de verdad" (Bataillon 247),5 are all influences that inform Oviedo's historical criteria, which he often elaborates in prologues and passages that correct his own earlier accounts of the same event. One of the most famous sections of the Historia general devoted to revising previous accounts about the Conquest of Mexico is the dialogue between Oviedo and Juan Cano. Included in the narration on the Conquest of Mexico (Bk XXXIII of the Second Part), the dialogue is one of the concluding chapters of the Book (Ch LIV).6 Situated among an assortment of information from various sources, which includes Cortes's Relaciones and Antonio de Mendoza's letters, the colloquy reflects Oviedo's data-collecting methods and his inclusion of multiple reports about the same event in his history.7 Given the frequency with which the Spanish chronicler employs multiple accounts, one is not surprised at his return in Chapter LIV to material treated earlier in Chapters XIV-XV. Rather, what does catch our attention is the historian's use of a new


The observation of space-charge-limited (SCL) currents in hole conductors requires that the hole density injected at the electrode, pinj, overwhelm the bulk free hole density pf. It also requires that any mobile ion density nion be insignificant. SCL currents are often claimed in amorphous films of π-conjugated polymers. However, we estimate pf in poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) derivatives from the conductivities and carrier mobilities as 1017–1019cm−3 and show that even if nion=0, the currents in π-conjugated polymers are often better described as Poole-Frenkel (PF) currents. When nion>0, even the PF model is an oversimplification.


Play is as old as humanity, but sport as a standardized system of competition between athletes is a modern phenomenon, originating in the West and diffusing to non-Western cultures by various routes and processes, including colonialism, cultural imperialism globalization and adaptation (Guttmann 1994; Hargreaves 1994; Maguire 1999). As a product of modernity – fashioned through the grand narratives of continuous progress, hierarchies of subjectivities and division of spaces, attributes, labour, and power (Lyotard 1984; Gidden 1990) – sport is socio-historically associated with specific bodies, places and identities and not with others. In other words, socially constructed categories of difference and hierarchies have historically worked as organizing determinants in the production, reproduction, circulation and consumption of various sports in modern world. Over the years, considerable evidence has been accumulated showing that prevailing notions and certainties about social relations that shape economic and political processes in modern societies are reflected and reproduced in sport domains as well (Coakley & Dunning 2000). Even as sport appears to be global, men, women, different classes and cultures do not experience its norms and practices the same way; thus to regard sport as a neutral and socially inclusive cultural institution is a misapprehension. Traditionally, sport is regarded as the cultural space for performing masculinity and rationality as opposed to femininity and irrationality qualities that are culturally associated with women (McKay, Messner & Sabo 2000). For example, the fact that sport has a large male following worldwide has been linked to the patriarchal ideology which divides the social world into dualistic gendered spaces, positions, traits and dispositions that are presumably clear and natural (Flintoff & Scraton 2002). This dominant ideology defines men in opposition to women and therefore declares certain domains such as the home as female and others such as sport and public spaces as male. It


Price has traditionally been the order‐winning criterion for ready‐to‐assemble (RTA) products such as furniture, bicycles, kit models, etc. In order to be able to compete in today's demanding RTA market, manufacturers must increasingly emphasize quality, not price, as the order‐winning criterion. On the other hand, the order winners for external customers are time‐based – speed of delivery and flexibility. In this paper, we discuss the dimensions of RTA products' quality. In addition, we discuss changes in business processes, information flow and information technology necessary to effectively improve the competitiveness of RTA manufacturers.


A gaseous mixture of cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl (Co(CO)3NO) and allyltrimethylsilane (ATMeSi) produced sedimentary aerosol particles under UV light irradiation with a medi- um pressure mercury lamp at 313 nm and also with the third and fourth harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. From the analysis of FT-IR band intensity change of the gaseous molecules, it was shown that photochemical reactions of Co(CO)3NO were accelerated by the pres- ence of ATMeSi molecules. Chemical structure of the sedimentary particles was analyzed by FT-IR and EDX-SEM. The results showed that the sedimentary particles consisted mainly of Co compounds, and a small amount of ATMeSi molecules played an essential role to form spherical particles. Linearly aggregated fine particles (particle-wires) were formed by modulating the convectional flow of the gaseous mixture.


Access: Multiple Avenues for Deaf People (Multiple Avenues) is a compilation of different narratives of what access means for Deaf people. In reading Multiple Avenues, I was struck by the complexity and variability of what we mean by ''access.'' The chapters of Multiple Avenues offer insights into issues about access, both the availability and the pursuit of resources, for individuals with hearing loss. The first section of the book, Assistive Technologies, describes hearing aids, cochlear implants, and telecommunication technologies. For the most part, this section deals with the availability of resources. These chapters are quite detailed and thorough in their explanations. The chapters do differ in their narrative flow, a feature of this book that could be either refreshing or frustrating, depending on the reader's perspective. For example, the hearing aid chapter read like a ''what you need to know'' handbook for parents and teachers who are new to the experience of working with a child with hearing loss. It covered basic information and offered bullet points of strategies to remember. In contrast, the cochlear implant chapter was a summary of research, with tables of findings across a wide range of empirical studies and extensive critical analysis. The chapter was clearly written for an audience of scholars who were well versed in the field. Finally, the telecommunications chapter was presented in an interview format, with questions posed by the editors and responses by Alfred Sonnenstrahl. This chapter read like an FAQ list, with an emphasis on historical context and common issues that arise when trouble shooting large-scale implementation of telecommunication technologies. This chapter also provided a personal perspective that is often missing from discussions of access for Deaf persons. The remaining sections of Multiple Avenues, Education and Literacy and Civil Rights, focus on the transactional view of access. There is a great deal of information available in this book for persons unfamiliar with Deaf culture and who seek to understand what access options are available for Deaf people and what challenges there might be to successful pursuit of needed resources. Some of the issues are not intuitive and thus even more important to raise. For example, the chapter on cultural identity goes a step further than many discussions of this topic and looks at how an inclusive education model interacts with the development of Deaf identity. The interview with Tony Saccente in Chapter 9 gives a compelling account of the need for greater attention to HIV/AIDS counseling with Deaf persons. Each chapter unfolds as a new perspective, often with a surprising new slant on what access might mean to this population. What is largely missing from this book is an explicit discussion about access for Deaf persons. The structure of the book, with a range of formats and narrative styles, detracts from the true nuggets of wisdom that can be found in the stories and perspectives offered. Without a clear introduction or conclusion, insights about access for Deaf persons are only implicitly made in the volume. The chapters' perspectives are so diverse, and some so detailed, that the key theme of access is largely lost on the reader. In an attempt to provide multiple perspectives about access, the editors have put forth a message about access that is, ironically, difficult to glean.


Authors : Chun-Ying Lee, Mei-Wen Wu, Li-Yi Cheng, Chiang-Ho Cheng Abstract : This research studies the electroplating of zinc coating in the zinc chloride bath mixed with supercritical CO2. The sodium fluoride (NaF) was used as the bath additive to change the structure and property of the coating, and therefore the roughness and corrosion resistance of the zinc coating was investigated. The surface characterization was performed using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and α-step profilometer. Moreover, the potentiodynamic polarization measurement in 3% NaCl solution was employed in the corrosion resistance evaluation. Because of the emulsification of the electrolyte mixed in Sc-CO2, the electroplated zinc produced the coating with smoother surface, smaller grain, better throwing power and higher corrosion resistance. The main role played by the NaF was to reduce the coating's roughness and grain size. In other words, the CO2 mixed with the electrolyte under the supercritical condition performed the similar function as brighter and leveler in zinc electroplating to enhance the throwing power and corrosion resistance of the coating.