A study was carried out to test and evaluate a forced convection solar dryer with auxiliary electric heater and temperature control system during thin layer drying of date . During the experimental work the temperature of drying air was adjusted to be approximately constant at 40 , 50 , 60 and 70 C and air velocity of 0.26 , 0.52 and 0.78 m/min. High moisture hayani date was dried under three different treatments of date (peeled date , peeled treated date and unpeeled date ). Two empirical models (Exponential and Page) were examined to describe the drying behaviour and predict the change in moisture content of date during the drying process. Moisture content of date , thermal efficiency of the dryer and the total sugar and percentage reducing in sugars of the dried date were also determined. The obtained results showed that, both of the empirical models could satisfactorily be described the change in date moisture content during the drying process under specific conditions. On the other hand Page's model proved that it can predict and describe drying behaviour more adequately than the simple model . The dryer thermal efficiency increased with the increase of drying air temperature and air velocity and it ranged from 16.60 to 55.85 % .While the thermal efficiency of the solar collector ranged from 47.05 % to 83.79 %. Also, the total and reducing sugars decreased with the decrease of drying air temperature and air velocity and it ranged from 40.33 to 44.66 % d.b. for the reducing sugar and from 49.65 to 56.93 % d.b. for the total soluable sugar.


Res_eng:After a decade of sporadic cooperation between newly emergent Russia and the countries of the West, differences have mounted to the point where the two sides now confront one another with alternative visions of a future Europe – especially Central and Eastern Europe – and relations that mirror some of the worst days of the Soviet-Western cold war. The central issues in the dispute include Moscow's commitment to rebuilding 'Greater
Russia,' the European Union (EU)'s goal of surrounding itself with stable democratic states, and the fact that these goals conflict in post-Soviet Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. The revival of the Russian economy and political system under Vladimir Putin has enabled Moscow to use various forms of coercive diplomacy, including outright military intervention, to pursue its goals. The EU's support for democratic governances in the
region is viewed in Moscow as a direct challenge to Russia's interests and to the Russian state itself. The result has been a confrontation between the two sides, as Russia challenges the very nature of the liberal international system put into place by the EU and its U.S. allies in the post-World War II period. It is important to note that the US-Russian relationship overlaps with and contributes to the standoff in Europe.


PURPOSE: A vehicle body moving cart is provided to be applied to various vehicle bodies through composing a pin clamper and a support frame capable of being moved freely according to the shape and size of a vehicle. CONSTITUTION: A vehicle body moving cart comprises a base frame(10), a first moving unit(20), a second moving unit(30), a lifting unit(40), a pin clamper(60), and a support frame(70). A first sliding plate(21) is reciprocated to the front side from the rear side of the base frame by the first moving unit. A second sliding plate is reciprocated to the front side from the rear side of the base frame by the second moving unit connected to the first moving unit. The lifting unit is connected to the first sliding plate and the second sliding plate and reciprocates the upper side and lower side of the base frame. The pin clamper restricts the side portion of a vehicle through being installed in the case(51) of the lifting unit. The support frame supports the center portion of a vehicle body.


Background: The burden of respiratory diseases associated to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is not well known. Our objective was to determine the frequency of respiratory diseases in adult patients with and without DM2. Method: A retrospective analysis of database for discharged patients from the INER during 2005 was done. Patients were classified as DM2 if they had the diagnosis of DM2 in the discharge diagnosis list. The main respiratory diagnoses were classified according to The International Classification of Diseases. Prevalence was calculated using the number of discharges with the disease as numerator and the total number of discharges during the same period as denominator. Subjects with HIV infection were analyzed separately. Results: Prevalence of DM2 in HIV negative patients ≥ 18 years old was (1,430/25,925) 5.5% vs. (5/1,011) 0.5% in HIV positive patients. Prevalence of infectious diseases in patients with and without DM2 patients was: pulmonary tuberculosis (PTb) 13.1% vs. 3.5%, OR = 4.1, (95%CI 3.4-4.9), p < 0.0001; tuberculosis sequelae 3.9% vs. 2.8%, OR =1.3 (95%CI 1.02-1.8), p = 0.02 and non specified pneumonia 10.5% vs. 5.7%, OR = 1.9 (95%CI 1.62.3), p < 0.0001. The attributed population risk for infectious diseases due to DM2 in HIV negative patients was 45%. The risk of PTb was also higher in RESUMEN


We report a new theoretical interpretation of the strong resonantly-enhanced third-order nonlinearity observed in fibers doped with Nd/sup 3+/, Er/sup 3+/, or Yb/sup 3+/. For each fiber, the absolute contributions of the near resonance (IR-visible) and far from resonance (UV) transitions to the nonlinearity are calculated and compared to experimental values. We show that in all cases, a large fraction of the measured nonlinearity is due to strong UV transitions. The consequences of this observation on the bandwidth, switching power and response time of switches based on this effect are discussed.


In this paper, we report the synthesis and properties of a series of composite polymer electrolytes formed by dispersion of a non-ionic organic plastic material succinonitrile (SN) into poly (vinyl alcohol) complexed with magnesium acid salt. The addition of SN greatly enhances ionic conductivities of the electrolytes which is due to the high polarity and diffusivity of SN. The Mg ion conduction is confirmed from impedance spectroscopy and transport number measurements. The highest conducting sample in the plasticized system was used to fabricate magnesium battery with configuration Mg/SPE/TiO2. The discharge capacity of the fabricated battery was 17.5 mAh/gm.


1. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug that possesses 5‐hydroxytryptamine 5‐HT2 receptor antagonism combined with milder dopamine D2 receptor antagonism.


Research that examines nursing staff competence that is necessary in order to provide safe community care is called for. This literature review examines Norwegian policy documents and international research with the aim to assess whether there is a match between expected and actual nursing staff competence in community care. Twelve policy documents and ten research articles were included in the review, of which key themes were identified. The Norwegian government expects a wide range of competence ranging from specific tasks in medical management to adhering to safe practice and care guidelines. Major discrepancies were identified between the advanced competence expected in policy documents and the actual competence as described by the research literature, which was mainly concerned with assistance with activities of daily living, medical knowledge, and personal abilities. There is a general lack of opportunities for competence development in the sector, implying that a general development of nursing staff competence is a pressing need in community care.


The incorporation of essential oils (EO) into edible active films can protect consumers' health by reducing food poisoning of microbial origin. Packaging attributes such as color and flavor can be determinant factors in packaged food products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and color stability of protein-based films incorporated with cinnamon and rosemary EOs. The agar diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the film against the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Penicillium spp. The film incorporated with cinnamon cassia EO showed the best results against the microorganisms tested while, film incorporated with rosemary EO not exhibited antimicrobial activity. Great changes in instrumental color were observed in the films over time. Biopolymeric films with the incorporation of cinnamon EO have proven to be promising alternatives for improving quality and food safety. It has potential application to wrap food reducing microbial contamination.


Remote psychological counseling with the use of telehealth technologies may be considered as one of the types of psychological and educational work with children. Due to the limitations of receiving full-time psychological and educational services, remote counseling may be the only available alternative support form for families of children with autism. This review of the Russian and international literature aims to reveal the general advantages and limitations of remote psycho-educational work and to identify existing protocols for conducting counseling. The data on studies in the field of online work with autistic children are presented. Concluded, that for successful online counseling of families of autistic children, four key conditions are necessary: professional qualities of a consultation provider, taking into account the family environment of the child, the presence of measurable characteristics of the intervention and the possibility of face-to-face interaction with the child.


As the basic form of compensatory finance,insurance plays an important role in economic development. Reasonable allocation of insurance resources will promote the economic development,on the contrary,it will hinder economic development. This paper discusses the economic development and allocation of insurance resources in underdeveloped areas by taking Hechi city for example. The key is to find the way to optimize the relationship between them.


To the Editor: I read the lead article in November 2019 JOT "Improved Reduction of the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis With TightRope Compared with Screw Fixation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study" in which the authors concluded "TightRope seems to compare favorably with 2 screw fixation for syndesmosis injury." Although I believe suture fixation is an innovative and theoretically appealing option for syndesmosis stabilization, I have several concerns about the methodology that do not seem to be mentioned in the manuscript. 1. Why was the primary outcome parameter a CT scan obtained at 3 months? With this methodology, we do not know whether the syndesmotic reduction obtained in the O.R. before fixation was the same or different in the 2 groups. If one group is better reduced, then the type of fixation is almost irrelevant. A CT scan obtained immediately postoperative would demonstrate whether there was a difference in reduction quality. If the reduction quality was the same in the 2 groups post-op but better in the suture fixation group at 3 months, then the author conclusion would be supported. However, if one group is well reduced and stabilized with suture while the other group was poorly reduced and stabilized with screws, it would not be appropriate to conclude that suture fixation is better. The details of the syndesmosis reduction in the 2 groups are not provided in the manuscript. Neither are the criteria surgeons used for an "acceptable" intraoperative reduction of the syndesmosis. 2. The authors also make the statement: "The syndesmosis may reduce with weight bearing." without providing a reference or support for that contention. At the very least, it is also true that "The syndesmosis may LOSE reduction with weight bearing." That is one of the main reason we operate on syndesmosis instability and use fixation to hold that reduction while healing. The notion that you can malreduce the syndesmosis and use loose fixation and expect subsequent spontaneous reduction is unusual. In most locations, fixation is designed to maintain reduction and loss of reduction obtained in the operating room is considered fixation failure. This unbalanced contention in the manuscript suggests possible author bias in favor of suture fixation. 3. What is "medial compression" as an outcome measure of syndesmosis reduction? The current accepted technique for syndesmosis fixation is reduction and POSITION screws, not lag or compression of the fibula to the tibia, by the syndesmosis fixation. Please clarify what is meant by "medial compression." 4. The cost of implant is never mentioned in the article. At my institution, 2 screws are $14, whereas suture fixation devices are $800. Is it worth 50 times as much cost for the possible benefit reported in these results?


We consider the complexity of computing Boolean functions by analog circuits of bounded fan-in, i.e. by circuits of gates computing real-valued functions, either exactly or as a sign-representation. Sharp upper bounds are obtained for the complexity of the most difficult n-variable function over certain bases (sign-representation by arithmetic circuits and exact computation by piecewise linear circuits). Bounds are given for the computational power gained by adding discontinuous gate functions and nondeterminism. We also prove explicit nonlinear lower bounds for the formula size of analog circuits over bases containing addition, subtraction, multiplication, the sign function and all real constants.<<ETX>>


In this paper it will be presented through simulations, the verification and validation of a previously built Matlab/Simulink/Sim-Power-Systems toolbox for a PWM AC-to-DC converter provided with a new line conditioning control strategy, more complex and useful than the actually applied unity power factor rectifier control method. It will be studied the performances of this converter toolbox by applying different conditioning signals when connected alone directly to mains.


Introduction The intent of this article is to give the reader an overview of photographic imaging and recording principles and to introduce operating concepts behind various instruments and techniques associated with applied, or applications oriented, photography and techniques particularly suitable for recording and visualization and both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of physical and chemical phenomena. The paper introduces general image formation principles, camera design, function and selection, time manipulation concepts and specialized camera and lighting systems for industrial and scientific applications.


In newspapers or scholar manuals, numerous texts are accompanied by maps. In these map/text couples, maps give a spatial portrayal of the text issues, thus they make the spatial issues easier to understand. TEXTOMAP aims to design the geographical window of the text, based on the notion of important toponyms according to text issues. The important toponym selection is based on indicators which may be spatial, linguistic or semantic. Examples of geographical window calculation are shown and compared with the corresponding CLAVIN geographical focus. The work is in progress and perspectives are offered.


This paper deals with the representation of the Balkans in Mary Edith Durham's travel novel Through the Lands of the Serb. It aims at analaysing the novel from a postcolonial perspective to expose instances of constructing the Balkans as 'the other' within Europe. Maria Todorova's concept of Balkanism provides a useful theoretical framework to engage with western stereotypes about the Balkans critically. The paper's first part concerns the literary conventions of travel writing, and the second part critically examines some examples of Balkanism. The examples of Balkanism investigated include the depictions of the region as primitive, stuck in the past, impure, infantile, violent, and animal-like. Even though most of the stereotypes are negative, it should be noted that Durham also creates positive stereotypes that are not less harmful.


The quantities of nutrients recommended by the NRC abate the effects of a toxic ethanol dose administered to rats. The objective of this study was to determine whether recommended amounts of nutrients ingested by rats with the 26% liquid ethanol diet increase the rate of ethanol metabolism over that when ethanol is ingested with the nutritionally inadequate 36% liquid ethanol diet. Rats were fed either the 26% or the 36% liquid ethanol diet for ten days. The rats were continued on their respective diets and their diet intake measured hourly for the next 42 hours. The hourly ethanol intake was used as the input into a physiologic pharmacokinetic model of ethanol metabolism in the rat. The simulation studies show that rats fed the nutritionally inadequate 36% liquid ethanol diet were unable to metabolize ethanol as fast as those fed the nutritionally adequate 26% liquid ethanol diet due to a decreased ability to support high K{sub m} ethanol metabolism.


Experience in the development of iron-titanium ores has shown that their successful processing is possible only with the use of complex combined processing schemes. The possibility of selective extraction of titanomagnetite and ilmenite products during magnetic (electromagnetic) separation is considered during processing of altered disseminated titanomagnetite ores of the Medvedevsky deposit. Purpose of the research is to determine the possibility of separation of microaggregates of titanomagnetite and ilmenite during selective magnetic (electromagnetic) separation of disseminated titanomagnetite ores. Materials and methods. Classification of crushed material with its subsequent separation by magnetic (electromagnetic) properties. Analysis of the distribution of iron and titanium dioxide and the identification of the nature of the disclosure of ore and non-metallic minerals from the standpoint of technological mineralogy. Results. Products of classified ore after magnetic (electromagnetic) separation are characterized by uneven distribution. Most of the material (45,01%) is concentrated in fractions separated at a magnetic field with strength of more than 250 mT. The yield of magnetic fraction is 2,89%. A high content of Femagnetic is characteristically for the products of magnetic separation of titanomagnetite ore obtained at the magnetic field with strength of 10 mT. Generally, titanium dioxide is concentrated in the products of electromagnetic separation separated at a magnetic field with strength of 140 mT. Studies have established that the products obtained at H = 10 mT consist of 37% titanomagnetite aggregates of varying degrees of martitization. With increasing of magnetic field strength, the number of titanomagnetite grains decreases and the content of ilmenite grains increases in the products of electromagnetic separation. In this case at H = 140 mT, free grains (55%) are mainly consist of ilmenite. Conclusions. Analysis of the magnetic separation products showed that with a magnetic field strength of 10 mT it is possible to obtain a product with mainly titanomagnetite composition, and it is possible to obtain a product with mainly ilmenite composition with a magnetic field strength of 140 mT.


For the frost heave deformation of ground heat exchanger with U-type heat exchanger pipe in subzero condition, a numerical calculation method was proposed by describing constitutive equations and establishing physical model. The finite element simulation study based on ABAQUS code was carried out to explore frost heave deformation behavior of saturated soil and interaction between pipe-soil interfaces ,focuses on the deformation of U-type pipe cause by saturated soil frost heave squeezing under the condition of different cooling rate.The distribution and change law of temperature,displacement, stress and strain on U-type heat exchanger pipe and soil were acquired.


A method of vision, called by "Patterns Aggregation", intended to satisfy some aplica-tions" in Robotic Assembly [3] [4] is described in this paper. This method, which uses a structural approach, is turned towards the Artificial Intelligence, notably, by the use of a rule-based system. The model, adopted by this method, represente a some 2-D pertinent Sub-patterns of a 3-D object. This model is described by means of a Grammar called "Pattern's Grammar" (PG) [5]. The Recognition adopts an Ascending-Descending analysis strategy. This strategy resorts to an hypothesis "Prediction-Verification" Scheme for the Confirmation (positive information) or the invalidation (negative information) of definite information in a set of images generated from a 3-D object.


Scleroderma is a multi-systemic disease. Patients with evidence of major internal organ involvement have increased risks of significant morbidity and mortality. Sudden bilateral painless loss of vision is an uncommon presentation of systemic sclerosis. We reported a case of autoimmune retinopathy in the form of Purtscher's like retinopathy in a scleroderma patient with major internal organ involvement.


3 Eric Robinson writes It was my challenge to join Geology Today after 'Mac' Whitaker had successfully seen the magazine through the difficult early years, when his breadth of interest in geology was his great asset. In the 1950s and 1960s, Mac had made a significant contribution to the Ludlow Group, his papers covering the whole picture – mapping, sedimentology, palaeontology and those important insights into palaeoecology and zonal stratigraphy, skills not quite so evident these days in areal studies. Mac then took his humour and diplomacy to Japan, when he teamed up with Alec Smith in the first real efforts to build


This editorial refers to 'Prognostic value of left atrial expansion index and exercise-induced change in atrial natriuretic peptide as long-term predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence' by M. Govindan et al. , on page 1302

Predicting events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) comes in two flavours: predicting events linked to the atria (such as AF recurrence after cardioversion or ablation, or AF progression from paroxysmal to persistent), and events whose origin may be remote from the atria such as stroke, heart failure, or myocardial infarction. Mechanisms linked to the 'scene of calamity', i.e. the atrial wall itself, may appear stronger predictors for AF than characteristics remote from the atria such as age of the patient and underlying ventricular disease, even when combined in a risk score like HATCH, a score used to predict AF progression.1 In this respect, the findings as presented in the current issue of the Journal 2 are noteworthy as atrial N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (NTproANP) production and left atrial expansion index (LAEI) were independently linked to the recurrence of persistent AF after cardioversion, whereas conventional 'remote' parameters were not. Intuitively, these parameters make sense as both relate to integrity of the atrial wall and its function. If the atrial wall is relatively healthy, ANP may be released …


This article examines the evolution of New York City from a low-end, high-volume apparel manufacturing hub to an international fashion capital. Drawing on evolutionary economic theories of path-dependence, it argues that New York City's initial specialization in ready-to-wear apparel has shaped its subsequent development as a mass-market oriented industry. At the same time, however, it shows how key institutional actors were able to alter the industry's course of development at critical historical junctures by nurturing and promoting their own local design talent. As such, the article's investigation into New York's ascendance as an international fashion center challenges the dominant interpretation of path-dependence in regional development theory and practice. It contends that industries are not held captive to past choices and illustrates how an industry's origins can shape but not over-determine its economic development trajectory. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2004.


An extraction procedure for the aroma compounds from musts and wines has been developed, using solid-phase microextraction (DVB/CAR/PDMS fibre) from the headspace of heated samples (50 degrees C). Analysis was performed with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The method was applicable to the analysis of different aroma compounds ( aliphatic, aromatic aldehydes, terpenes) in a broad concentration range (1-5000 mu g L-1). A stir-bar sorptive extraction procedure was also tested, but was not effective enough due to the lack of a suitable desorption device. Free aroma compounds in must samples of different grape varieties were analysed, and their release was evaluated after enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis. Different hydrolytic approaches were tested and the most successful was the enzymatic hydrolysis ( with two different enzymes) and acidic hydrolysis at pH 3. Acidic hydrolysis at pH 1 resulted in substantial decomposition and re-arrangement reactions of terpenes. Non-hydrolysed terpene glycosides were extracted from the musts using solid-phase extraction and the extract was analysed with liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (electrospray interface). Some compounds were tentatively identified as terpene glycosides.


The invention discloses a testing power supply device. The testing power supply device is used for accurately outputting various testing voltage to load power supply. The testing power supply device comprises a connector, a reduction voltage circuit, a slot which is connected with the reduction voltage circuit and a control module, wherein the connector is connected with a power supply, the slot is used for connected with load in an inserted mode, and the control module comprises a control chip which is connected to the reduction voltage circuit and a keyboard which is connected to the control chip. The keyboard is used for inputting voltage which needs testing, and the control chip controls the reduction voltage circuit to convert a supply voltage to the input testing voltage to transmit to the slot according to the input testing voltage.


This paper discusses the methodology for public hearings, mandatory legal provisions and their importance in the process of hydropower development. A public hearing is both a process of information sharing, discussion and negotiation, and an end result of allocating compensation and other impact mitigation activities. It is based on prin-ciples of equity and social justice. Any development project that brings changes to the existing biological, physical, socio-economic and cultural environment should be carefully examined considering the status of the stakeholders. A good public hearing process can strengthen private sector incentives to help government and the people to attain a nation's hydropower development goals and, at the same time, address local opportunities and issues. A good public hearing is important for time-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and sustainability of hydropower projects. Promises too early in the public hearing process tend to raise high expectations which, if misunderstood or unmet later on, may lead to negative consequences.There is an urgent need to standardize public hearings in the IEE and EIA processes of hydropower projects and help proponents to conduct public hearings effectively. Key words: Public hearing; EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment); IEE (Initial Environmental Examination); EPA (Environmental Protection Act); EPR (Environmental Protection Rules); Hydropower development; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/hn.v7i0.4242 Hydro Nepal Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Vol. 7, July, 2010 Page: 81-84 Uploaded date: 31 January, 2011


The bad news is that critics of the quantitative movement in policy and political science are right (so far). Widely accepted quantitative models of politics promote cynicism and counter-productive uses of government power. Mainstream social science provides a perverse basis for policy analysis. The good news is that there is no sound scientific reason for the schism between so called "empirical" and "normative" theories of politics. Traditional theories of politics, which show how government power can be used to serve the public interest, can be quantified and tested as empirical theory. The resulting scientific normative theory provides a constructive foundation for policy analysis. Copyright 1989 by The Policy Studies Organization.


Angel, S. et al. (Eds.). (1983). Land for housing the poor. Singapore: Select Books. Antaöv. A. (2007). Democracy to become reality: Participatory planning through action research. Habitat International, 31(3-4), 333-344. Archer, D. (2009). Social capital and participatory slum upgrading in Bangkok, Thailand. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge. Asian Coalition for Housing Right [ACHR]. (2012). Comprehensive site planning: Transform community to better living place for all. Bangkok: Author. Boonyabancha, S. (2005). BMK going to scale with "slums" and squatter upgrading in Thailand. Environment and Urbanization, 17(1), 21-46. Boonyabancha, S. (2009). Land for housing the poor—by the poor: Experience from the BMK nationwide slum upgrading programme in Thailand. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2), 1-21. Brydon-Miller, M. et al. (2003). Why action research? Action Research, 1(1), 9-28. Community Organizations Development Institute [CODI]. (2003). โครงการบ้านมั่นคง: แผนยุทธศาสตร์การแก้ไขปัญหาที่อยู่อาศัย (พ.ศ. 2546-2550) [BMK: Strategic plan for slum upgrading (2003-2007)], Bangkok: Author. Community Organizations Development Institute [CODI]. (2010). บ้านมั่นคง [Baan Mankong]. Retrieved May 29, 2012, from http://www.codi.or.th/baanmankong/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=57&Itemid=10&lang=en Community Organizations Development Institute [CODI]. (2013). โครงการบ้านมั่นคง: พัฒนาการการแก้ไขปัญหาที่อยู่อาศัย [Baan Mankong Program: The evolution of housing development]. Retrieved March 14, 2013, from http://www.codi.or.th/baanmankong/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=57&Itemid=10&lang=en Davis, M. (2006). Planet of slums. New York: Verso. Forestor, J. F. (1989). The deliberative practitioner. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Frank, D. (2008). Sustainable housing finance for low-income groups: A comparative study. Berlin: Nomos Publishers. Friedmann, J. (1973). Retracking America: A theory of transactive planning. Los Angeles: Anchor Books. Gustavsen, B. (2008). Action research, practical challenges, and the formation of theory. Action Research, 6(4), 421-437. Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. International Institute for Environment and Development [IIED]. (2003). A decade of change: From the urban community development (UCDO) to the community organizations development institute (CODI) in Thailand, Working Paper 12 on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas. Innes, J. (1996). Planning through consensus building: A view of the comprehensive ideal. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(4), 460-472. Krumholz, N. & Forestor, J. F. (1990). Making equity planning work: Leadership in the public sector. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Rabhibhat, A. (2007). รายงานวิจัยการประเมินผลโครงการบ้านมั่นคง เรื่อง คนจนเมือง: การเปลี่ยนแปลงโลกทัศน์และทัศนคติที่มีต่อตนเองและสังคม [The urban poor: The changes of social perspective and self reflection]. Unpublished Final Report submitted to Community Organization Development Institute. Sang-arun, N. (2012). The right to the city: The housing rights movement of Bangbua community. Journal of Architecture/Planning Research and Studies, 9(1), 1-12. Sapu, S. & Usavagovitwong, N. (2007). คู่มือการออกแบบและวางผังชุมชนโครงการบ้านมั่นคง: กรณีการสร้างชุมชนในภาคตะวันออกฉียงเหนือ [Community planning and design manual for Baan Mankong program: A case study of northeastern province]. Bangkok, Thailand: Community Organization Development Institute. Seabrook, J. (1996). In the cities of the south: Scenes from a developing world. London: Verso. Spatig, L. et al. (2010). The power of process: A story of collaboration and community change. Community Development, 41(1), 3-20. The Crown Property Bureau. (2010). รายงานประจำาปี พ.ศ. 2553 [Annual report 2010]. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www.crownproperty.or.th/th/annual_report_2010.pdf The Crown Property Bureau. (2013). การพัฒนาชุมชนตามโครงการบ้านมั่นคง 39 ชุมชน [39 Communities: Baan Mankong program's community development]. Retrieved March 12, 2013, from http://www.crownproperty.or.th/real_estate_02_06.php Turner, J. F. C. (1977). Housing by people: Towards autonomy in building environments. Michigan: Pantheon Books. UN-Habitat. (1997). Accommodating people in the Asia-Pacific region. Fukuoka: Author. UN-Habitat. (2012). Sustainable housing for sustainable cities: A policy framework for developing countries. Nairobi: Author. United Nations. (2008). Promotion and protection of all rights, civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, including the rights to development. Human Rights Council. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/C90EE08CC6A733ABC12574C00049C81D/$file/G0810545.pdf Usavagovitwong, N. (2007). Towards community participation in housing design: Experience from low-income waterfront community, Bangkok. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, KMITL, 5(1), 64-79. Usavagovitwong, N. et al. (2012). Understanding urban community amid capitalism: A case study of the Crown Property Bureau's superblock. Journal of Architecture/Planning Research and Studies, 9(1), 27-42.


In this paper, a machine learning method for predicting the evolution of a mobile communication channel based on a specific type of convolutional neural network is developed and evaluated in a simulated multipath transmission scenario. The simulation and channel estimation are designed to replicate real-world scenarios and common measurements supported by reference signals in modern cellular networks. The capability of the predictor meets the requirements that a deployment of the developed method in a radio resource scheduler of a base station poses. Possible applications of the method are discussed.


As IS well known, Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753-1814), while superintending cannon boring at an arsenal in Munich, was greatly impressed by the very considerable amount of heat generated in a short time during the boring, and decided to make a thorough investigation of this phenomenon to disclose the hidden nature of heat. The results were presented to the Royal Society in 1798 as "An Experimental Inquiry concerning the Source of the Heat Which is Excited by Friction." 1 In this paper Rumford clearly attributed the heat to the vibration of the particles of bodies. Concerning Rumford's contribution to the dynamic theory of heat, however, most references mention only this particular paper and seem to overlook his previous publications. Sometimes it is even erroneously implied that Rumford was led to conceive heat as motion at the time of his early observations at the arsenal. However, Rumford's first exposition of the dynamic aspect of heat appeared much earlier, namely in his "Experiments upon Gunpowder"2 which were begun in 1778 and were reported in 1781. One exceptional reference stating this point correctly has been made by Sanborn C. Brown in his paper "Count Rumford's Concept of Heat." ' Since Brown's account is rather brief, the present paper is an attempt to present a more complete treatment of this subject. Rumford had developed a great interest in gunpowder and for many years had been engaged in investigating its properties at various places in New England such as Salem, Woburn, Concord, and Cambridge.4 In 1778, he found an opportunity in England to make more extensive experiments on this subject. The purpose of his experiments was "to determine the most advantageous


The tone patterns of the Recent Style (chin-t'i ) have always given trouble to Western readers of Chinese poetry. Chinese authorities offer us a confusing variety of patterns, each with a different tone sequence for every line of the quatrain, no apparent principle of organization, and seemingly unaccountable licences for certain syllables. Yet if we choose to ignore these patterns, we are left only with such clumsy rules of thumb as that syllables of the same tone tend to fall into pairs and that corresponding syllables within the couplet generally contrast in tone.


Based on the total ventilation roadway support situation of Fengfeng Group,two support plans were compared under high ground stress mining influence,combined with industrial test,data was summarized and analyzed,the result showed that compared with anchor rod(rope) + partial section net spray support scheme,anchor rod(rope) + U whole section steel net spray supporting played a very good control effect on roadway deformation of floor heave and two sides,roadway section shrink rate stayed above 86.3%,and provided a new way for other roadway support plan and parameters setting.


The invention relates to a machining device for a curved surface of a board corner, capable of uniformly processing a curved surface of corners of a rectangular board. A machining device for a curved surface of a board corner, according to the invention, comprises: a board transfer unit which transfers a rectangular shaped plate in one direction; a a first curved surface machining unit which curve-processes the right side corners of the board by the board transfer unit; a second curved surface machining unit which is installed adjacent to the first curved surface machining unit of the board transfer unit and which curve-processes the left side corners of the board by the board transfer unit.


Single parent expression (SPE) is defined as gene expression in only one of the two parents. SPE can arise from differential expression between parental alleles (non-presence/absence (PAV) SPE) or the physical absence of a gene in one parent (PAV SPE). We used transcriptome data of diverse maize inbreds and hybrids including 401 samples from five different tissues to test for differences between these types of SPE genes. SPE, while commonly observed, is highly genotype- and tissue-specific. A positive correlation was observed between the genetic distance of the two inbred parents and the number of SPE genes identified. Regulatory analysis showed that PAV SPE and non-PAV SPE genes are mainly regulated by cis effects, with a small fraction under trans-regulation. Polymorphic transposable element insertions in promoter sequences contributed to the high level of cis-regulation for PAV SPE and non-PAV SPE genes. PAV SPE genes were more frequently expressed in hybrids than non-PAV SPE genes. The expression of parentally silent alleles in hybrids of non-PAV SPE genes was relatively rare, but occurred in most hybrids. Non-PAV SPE genes with expression of the silent allele in hybrids are more likely to exhibit above high-parent expression level than those that do not express the silent allele, leading to non-additive expression. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the nature of non-PAV SPE and PAV SPE genes and their roles in gene expression complementation in maize hybrids. Supporting Information.


Content distribution networks (CDNs) are increasingly used to deliver high-performance web services. As the volume of content grows, these networks constantly evolve to improve performance. Their performance is difficult to characterize because it depends on factors including the distribution of clients, the geographical scope of the CDN, the specific way in which the content delivery is engineered, and so on. In this paper, we ask the following question: given two CDNs, how do we determine whether one CDN's user-perceived performance is significantly better than another? In a departure from prior work, we propose a methodology called DBit that identifies distributional differences in user-perceived performance, and we apply it to several CDNs that serve photos. Using 14.5 million photo fetches on PlanetLab from three popular CDNs over a period of 8 months, we find that DBit can identify significant performance differences not just between CDNs, but also across time and location. To assess the robustness of our findings, we complement the PlanetLab dataset with data from home networks in 1470 ASes worldwide


. This paper develops an adaptive direct data driven control scheme for one closed loop system with two degrees of freedom controllers, i.e., forward controller and feedback controller simultaneously, and the plant-model perfect matching conditions are satis(cid:12)ed. To apply direct data driven control to designing forward controller and feedback controller without the mathematical model of plant, virtual input and virtual disturbance are constructed to derive one optimization problem, whose decision variables are the unknown controller parameters. Through using the idea of adaptation, one parameter adjustment loop is added as the outer loop in such a way the unknown controller parameters are changed with environment varying, according to our constructed parameter adjustment law. Furthermore, after giving some considerations on the parameterized controllers, Lyapunov's stability theory is also used to derive the parameter adjustment law such that stability can be guaranteed for the whole adaptive system. Finally, two simulation examples con(cid:12)rm our theoretical results.


In 1963, Christian Dotremont began to contrive his "logoneiges" during a trip across Lapland, artworks which take to the limit the "logogrammes", creations between calligraphy and verse. Here the white of the paper is replaced with the infinite whiteness of Lapland's landscape. Indeed, the "logoneige" would disappear if a "second writing" were not added: the photographs themselves. By analyzing alongside Roland Barthes and Jacques Derrida, with the writings of Dotremont, we propose that photography is, in the "logoneiges", not only a mere whitness but a writing tool, that re-produces the poetic sense. We want to develop this multiple time that creates even triple writings compared with "logogrammes", attempting to prove the poetical reach of this singular machine.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_7-1_5


This article describes new methods to introduce a variety of substituents into the α, β or γ position of a piperidine ring by utilizing anodic oxidation as a key reaction. The following patterns of anodic oxidation were exploited to activate the α and, β positions of N-methoxycarbonylpiperidines A; (1) anodic oxidation of A in methanol containing Et4NOTs to give the α-methoxylated products B, (2) anodic oxidation of A in acetic acid to give the a, /9-bisacetoxylated products C, (3) anodic oxidation of A to afford β-halogenated α-hydroxy-or α-methoxy-piperidine derivatives D, and (4) anodic decarboxylation of pipecolinic acid derivatives to afford B or C. The γ- position of A was activated by converting B or D into β, γ-unsaturated a-methoxypiperidine derivatives E. The activated compounds B, C, D and E were used as useful precursors to introduce substituents into the desired positions of piperidine ring, and some alkaloids containing a piperidine skeleton such as coniine, optically active N-methylconiine, conhydrine, and eburnamonine were synthesized from these precursors.


The fourth edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) has been used extensively for assessing adult intelligence. This study uses Mokken scale analysis to investigate the psychometric proprieties of WAIS-IV subtests adapted for the Egyptian population in a sample of 250 adults between 18 and 25 years of age. The monotone homogeneity model and the double monotonicity model were consistent with the subtest data. The items of all subtests except Matrix Reasoning, Information, Similarities, and Vocabulary formed a unidimensional scale. The WAIS-IV subtests have discriminatory and invariantly ordered items, although some items violated the invariant item ordering and scalability criteria. Therefore, the WAIS-IV subtests—with the exception of some items—are hierarchical scales that allow items to be ordered according to difficulty and subjects to be ordered using the sum score. In conclusion, the current study provides evidence of the dimensionality and hierarchy of the WAIS-IV subtests in the framework of Mokken scaling, although care should be taken when interpreting or including certain items.


Summary: In this study, reading performance with four white space layouts was compared. Margins surrounding the text and leading (space between lines) were manipulated to generate the four white space conditions. Results show that the use of margins affected both reading speed and comprehension in that participants read the Margin text slower, but comprehended more than the No Margin text. Participants were also generally more satisfied with the text with margins. Leading was not shown to impact reading performance but did influence overall user preference.


Extracting key frames (KF) from video is of great interest in many applications, such as video summary, video organization, video compression, and prints from video. KF extraction is not a new problem. However, current literature has been focused mainly on sports or news video. In the consumer video space, the biggest challenges for key frame selection from consumer videos are the unconstrained content and lack of any preimposed structure. In this study, we conduct ground truth collection of key frames from video clips taken by digital cameras (as opposed to camcorders) using both first- and third-party judges. The goals of this study are: (1) to create a reference database of video clips reasonably representative of the consumer video space; (2) to identify associated key frames by which automated algorithms can be compared and judged for effectiveness; and (3) to uncover the criteria used by both first- and thirdparty human judges so these criteria can influence algorithm design. The findings from these ground truths will be discussed.


Today, India is self-sufficient in food-grain production and the credit goes to the Green Revolution which showed best results in the northern part of the country and reasonably good results in the eastern plains of the river Ganges. Currently, the major food-grain producing states in the northern region of India, particularly, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are buried crop residue and no burning in West Bengal. The research design adopted for the comparative analysis of Punjab and W.B. with respect to residue management was descriptive in nature and a rich methodology with scales for variables has been used. The comparison has also been highlighted in terms of several attributes of the farmers in deciding to burn the crop residue or manage it with different alternatives. The book will be helpful for the policy makers to focus on significant factors that the findings bring forth in this context and formulate appropriate policies for sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation. This book ensures a systematic assessment of the different alternatives which will help stakeholders to promote and adopt the best alternatives suited to their socio-economic conditions.


In the face of the economic and financial crisis, business education has become confronted with the question whether it is (partly) responsible for the misconduct of managers and whether business schools only attract students with certain predispositions. While such statements feed media headlines, they lack solid investigations and empirical evidence. To our knowledge, there is hardly any empirical research on the characteristics of business school students. In our view, it is critical for the future development of business school to understand students' current perceptions of, and attitudes towards, studying at a business school.
In a longitudinal study, we assessed business school students' attitude and motivation and their development over the first year of their studies. Among others, we addressed student attitudes towards the issue of Sustainable Development.
As a result of our study, the often encountered negative image of business school students cannot be confirmed. Instead it seems advisable to take a closer look at our students at business schools. Indeed, the decline of certain perceptions and attitudes over the course of the students' first year is worth of consideration. Especially, the decline of students' attitude towards sustainable development is rather remarkable. As a practical implication of our study, a stronger focus on the sustainable development (SD) of business can be identified as one possible area for improvement.


The semiintegral and semidifferential technology was applied to process cyclic oscillochronopotentiometric signal in this paper.The instrument of 3 5th order differential cyclic oscillographic chronopotentiometry has been designed. The experimental results of determination for Cd, In, Rh and Pb in pH=10 HAc NaAc 0 06% HCup solution show that the method has three advantages: (a) compared with the classifical oscillographic method based on d E /d t~E curve, the sensibility of the new method is increased about 5 ̄10 times; (b) better resolving power; (c) the peak height caused by depolarizer on Y 3 5  ̄E curve is easy to be measured. As a result, 3 5th order differential cyclic oscillographic chronopotentiometry will become a really feasible analytical method.


This article reports on a study of career influences for a sample of African-American and other black graduates of MSW programs. The study isolated significant relationships between enrollment influences and selected demographic and career-related variables. "Very important" influences were career advancement, acquisition of new skills, professional status and credibility, and understanding professionalism in social work. Desire for professional development in social work was the dominant influence. Findings suggest that recruitment of African-American/black graduate social work students should incorporate strategies that address issues of job satisfaction, and recognize career priorities and professional aspirations. Implications for graduate social work education are discussed.


Internet of Things (IoT) is the group of interconnected computing devices over the internet and implanted in the objects used in daily life for sending and receiving data. IoT helps businesses and society in many ways such as it improves public safety, transportation, and healthcare by providing better information and faster communications. The adoption of IoT is going to create a persistent impact on society and business. This paper develops a model based on system dynamics and identifies the factors influencing IoT adoption. The dominant factors of IoT adoption are communication, control and automation, efficient business processes, self- configuration and cost savings. IoT adoption is also affected by negative factors including privacy risks and security risks, interoperability, reliability, poor infrastructure, less skilled IT professionals, etc. Businesses can reap the potential benefits of IoT by solving the issues related to their adoption. This study is, therefore, a significant contribution towards understanding the factors that influence the adoption of IoT in businesses.


On the basis of theories concerning the significance of the social network with regard to behaviour and psychological symptoms and of a review of the current empirical research and of his clinical findings, the author developed a theoretical model to promote an understanding of the influence of the social network on behaviour problems among schoolchildren. The main purpose of the study subsequently was to test the hypothesis that children with behaviour problems in school have a fragmented social network. In this connection, particular attention was paid to contacts between various settings or groups of people who were members of the child's everyday contact network. The study group selected comprised children aged 11 to 13 years in a suburb of a large city. In order to test the hypothesis, the author first developed a method in the form of a so-called network map. On a map divided into five sectors the children were asked to write the names of persons whom they "know and meet almost every day" and to "draw a line between persons who know one another so well that, if they meet in the street, they would say hello and stop for a chat". The method was tested by comparing the completed network maps with those from other children and parents and with sociograms. Moreover, on two occasions at an interval of three weeks, the results of the network mapping were compared with one another. The results of the network mapping were also compared with those of a structured interview concerning qualitative aspects and any additional important persons who might be outside the daily social network. The network map was also considered in relation to the results of a questionnaire addressed to teachers and parents and concerning their attitudes towards one another. The testing of the method was discussed in Chapter 4:5. In brief, this test indicated that the network map is a usable instrument for studying the children's own description of their social networks. Rutter's teacher's evaluation (1 3) was tested under Swedish conditions by comparing it with the results of another teacher's evaluation, a visual analogue scale, and with information as to which children in the age group concerned the school psychologist had contact with because of their behaviour problems in school. The results of the teacher's evaluation on two occasions at three weeks' interval were also compared with each other. The testing of the Rutter evaluation indicated that it is a usable screening instrument for behaviour problems in school also in Sweden. As mentioned above, 17% of the children in question were defined, according to Rutter's teacher's questionnaire, as problem children. The hypothesis was subsequently tested by relating the results of the children's network maps to their problems in school, according to Rutter's questionnaire, by means of a comparison between the 32 problem children and the 158 non-problem children. The comparison revealed:


Wetlands such as marshes, swamps and artificial wetlands, have been shown to remove selected pollutants from urban stormwater runoff and treated municipal wastewaters. Wetlands have produced reduction in BOD, pathogens, and some hydrocarbons, and excel in nitrogen removal. They have been reported to act as sinks for trace metals, phosphorus and suspended solids. Physical pollutant removal mechanisms in wetlands include sedimentation, coagulation, chemical filtration, volatilization, adsorption and chelation. Vegetative mechanisms include absorption through roots, stems and leaves, filtration and chemical transformations in the plants. Although individual plant species have been studied for their pollutant removal properties, the interaction of numerous plant and animal species in pollutant removal in a wetland is not well understood.


In the research area of text steganography, algorithms based on font format have advantages of great capacity, good imperceptibility and wide application range. However, little work on steganalysis for such algorithms has been reported in the literature. Based on the fact that the statistic features of font format will be changed after using font-format-based steganographic algorithms, we present a novel Support Vector Machine-based steganalysis algorithm to detect whether hidden information exists or not. This algorithm can not only effectively detect the existence of hidden information, but also estimate the hidden information length according to variations of font attribute value. As shown by experimental results, the detection accuracy of our algorithm reaches as high as 99.3% when the hidden information length is at least 16 bits.


Based on the analysis of characteristic and problems in the college campus,a solution of deploying cloud computing in college campus information construction is described.In this solution,a cloud service platform which is suitable for the characteristics of universities teaching and research is created.Kinds of service could be provided,such as virtual computer,push information,self-service customization,security management and so on.It provided a feasible method for college campus to use cloud computing.


Cell source of cardiomyocytes including pacemaker cells is important issue to develop the cell therapy of bradycardia. Currently the efficacy of cardiac differentiation from pluripotent stem cells is too low to meet the generation of biological pacemaker in replace of mechanical pacemaker. In this study, we have examined the effect of epigenetic modulator HP1γ on the capability of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into cardiac cells. While wild type P19 cells exhibited the capability to differentiate into cardiac cells only by treatment with chemical inducer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), HP1γ over-expressing P19 cells (HP1γ-P19) facilitated them to differentiate into cardiac cells with spontaneous beating after embryoid body (EB) formation without treatment of any chemical inducer. RT-PCR analysis revealed that HP1γ-P19 EBs expressed various cardiac differentiation marker genes, cardiac contractile genes, cardiac ion channel genes being responsible for pacemaker activity and cardiac specific gap junction genes. The patch-clamp analysis indicated that the cardiomyocytes from HP1γ-P19 cells showed spontaneous action potential with cardiac specific K+ channel current, Ca2+ channel current and Na+ channel current, which could respond to autonomous nerve system agonists such as isoproterenol and carbachol. These data suggested that HP1γ facilitated differentiation of P19 cells into cardiac stem cells and promoted their maturation of cardiac cells involving pacemaker cells.


To the Editor: We read with interest the recent paper by Fouts et al. [1] showing that bacterial translocation occurs not only in rats with advanced CCl4-induced cirrhosis but also in rats with early stages of liver injury. Furthermore, the authors suggest that bacterial translocation, mainly in these early stages, is due to increased intestinal permeability more than to changes in the intestinal microbiome. As probiotics can improve intestinal permeability and modulate gut flora [2], there is increasing interest in their possible efficacy to prevent bacterial translocation, and therefore, progression of liver damage and bacterial infections in liver diseases [2–5]. In a previous article published in the Journal of Hepatology [6], we found that a combination of the probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, vitamin C and glutamate decreased Gram-negative intestinal bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation, and intestinal oxidative damage in rats with cirrhosis induced by phenobarbital and CCl4 administration. Similar results were obtained when rats received vitamin C and glutamate without L. johnsonii La1. However, as L. johnsonii La1 was not administered alone, the specific contribution of this probiotic could not be assessed in the previous study. To determine the effect of L. johnsonii La1 on intestinal bacterial flora and bacterial translocation, we have recently studied 18 male Sprague–Dawley rats with cirrhosis induced by phenobarbital and CCl4 through gastric intubation according to a previously described method [7]. When the rats developed ascites confirmed by paracentesis, they were randomized to receive L. johnsonii La1 alone, 10 cfu/day by gastric intubation (n = 9) for 10 days, or water (n = 9). At laparotomy, we found no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the concentration of ileal enterobacteria (3.62 ± 0.29 vs. 4.43 ± 0.35 log10cfu/g feces, p = 0.07) or in the incidence of bacterial translocation assessed by microbiological cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes, ascites, or pleural fluid (4/9 vs. 4/9, p = 1). Neither were differences observed between the two groups regarding intestinal oxidative damage, evaluated by the ileal malondialdehyde concentration (0.82 ± 0.32 vs. 0.74 ± 0.21 nmol/mg protein, p = 0.90). The PCR reaction with specific primers for L. johnsonii La1 (oNCC2461-A and oNCC2461-B) failed to show intestinal colonization in the feces of rats treated with this bacterium. These findings thus indicate that L. johnsonii La1 alone has no significant effect on intestinal flora and bacterial translocation in this experimental model of cirrhosis. Other studies evaluating Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei GG in experimental prehepatic portal hypertension [3], and Lactobacillus rhamno-


At present money laundering is operated in hiden numerous ways,has already permeated to each field of the world.The situation of money-laundering is not optimistic in our country.In recent years,some efforts have been done against money-laundering,and has achieved effectiveness.But the anti-money laundering work started late in our country,the correlative laws were not perfect,the anti-money laundering measures need improving.Staff should also be trained.Financial supervision should be further defined.So as to improve anti-money laundering mechanism to adapt to the development of new anti-money laundering requirements.


This article presents two similar design cases and a discussion of how like values resulted in dissimilar design moves. Both cases were gamified learning activities for graduate students in instructional design. Both interventions employed rapid prototyping and were delivered synchronously in an at-a-distance setting. This article compares the two designs, the two designs' similar development narratives, and the two designs' divergent features. We give special attention to the common values the designers brought to the act of designing. Contrasting crucial features in similar designs allowed us, as designers, to appreciate divergent design moves. A discussion of the two cases explains how designers arrived at different design decisions through similar rationale. The authors were both designers and instructors of the implementations; each presents their case in relation to the other. Our combined cases explore how designers might compare salient features of similar instructional interventions and appreciate design moves that one chose not to make.


Precise leader-follower control is critical for teleop- eration. This paper designs and implements a low-cost leader device for unilateral teleoperation scenario. Monocular vision based on fiducial markers and MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) are utilized to constitute the pose sensing system of the handheld device. To increase the positioning output frequency and deal with the motion blur of the fiducial markers, the IMU data and vision message are fused by an Error State Kalman Filter (ESKF). An assembly experiment was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed device and the feasibility of the fusion algorithm.


Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on FGF-21 and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Forty patients with T2DM(treatment group) received oral rosiglitazone,4 mg,1 times/d,for 12 weeks.Another 35 healthy patients were assigned to control group.Before and after treatment,FBG,2hBG,HbA1C,FIns,2hIns, lipids,FGF-21 and other biochemical markers were observed.The GIR in the treatment group before and after treatment was observed.Results Before treatment,FBG,2hBG,HbA1C,FIns,TC,LDL-C,FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.01). In the treatment group,FBG,2hBG,HbA1C,FIns,TG,TC,LDL-C,FGF-21 levels were significantly lower than before treatment(P0.01).After treatment,the GIR was significantly higher than that before treatment(P0.01).Conclusion Rosiglitazone can significantly reduce the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes,FGF-21 levels,and improve insulin sensitivity.


Based on the improved Delta/2-R mechanism,a new mechanism integrating independent translation with rotation is presented.An inverse solution is derived to all the poses of the mechanism by way of simple transformation of homogeneous coordinate and matrix operation without complicated mathematic derivation,thus enabling its programming to be easier.The 3-D analytical geometry and vector algebra are introduced into the normal kinematic solution so as to avoid the numerical solution to algebraic equation sets and option of multiple solutions for conventional parallel mechanism.With the virtual prototype software ADAMS,the movement of the mechanism was simulated to verify the correctness of both the normal and inverse kinematic solutions to the mechanism proposed.Owing to its big work space,high location accuracy,favorable micro-motion performance and low cost of manufacture/control,the new parallel mechanism is regarded as applicable to "pick-place" manipulator,inspection robot and laser cutting machine tool.So,it has good prospects in industrial applications.


Objective To observe the effect of platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonist Tirofiban during primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods 83 patients with acute myocardial infarction were divided into two groups.37 patients in control group were not treated with Tirofiban,while46 patients in experimental group were treated with Tirofiban,Composite cardiac events of Tirofiban were observed.Results In contrast with t control group,composite cardiac events was reduced in trendancy(8.1% vs 2.2%,P0.05).Conclusion Tirofiban is effective potentially in decreasing composite cardiac events in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) during PCI.


Objective To analyze the clinical path management safety in psychiatric nursing process effect. Methods In our hospital from January 2013 to December 2013 in two psychiatric clinical departments as the observation group and the control group, the observation group using clinical path nursing safety management, control group used the traditional nursing method, the development of statistics this period nursing problems of patients and family members of patients with the contrast and the satisfaction degree of nursing service. Results Compared with the control group and observation group, probability of occurrence of nursing errors and accidents is significantly lower, and the satisfaction of patients and their families on the service also had the obvious promotion. Conclusion The clinical pathway in nursing safety management department of psychiatry, can effectively reduce the probability of occurrence besides clinical events, and family members of patients and improve the quality of nursing service satisfaction, clinical effect is worth affirmation.


Automatic Natural Language Parsing is based on papers presented at a workshop in Essex, England, in 1982. There is nothing new and exciting, but there are plenty of interesting observations, ideas, and critiques, many of which I have not seen elsewhere (perhaps because two-thirds of the authors are British). The typical article is clear, chatty, and concise (less than 10 pages). As claimed, the book gives "research students and research workers" some "current views on the problems and techniques of automatic NLP". The focus is on research problems, not past progress, so this book is primarily of interest to specialists.


The article draws attention to the significant writings of some Australian authors whom Mr. J. K. Ewers seems to have omitted in his work 'Creative Writing in Australia'. The author gives an overview of the works of those writers whose work he thinks ought to be included.


The integration of Modern education technology and curriculum is of great significance for curriculum construction and reform,and improving the quality of teaching.This paper,respectively from the three aspects of multimedia courseware design,the course website construction,computer simulation experiment teaching,discussed the practice of the integration of modern education technology and course of the hydraulic and pneumatic transmission.


This paper runned the Q-factor inversion according to seismic VSP(vertical seismic profile) data and the centroid method which is comparatively prevalent and precise.It is validated by the examples,the feasibility and validity of this method has been demonstrated.Study on the inversion process,The method for over 350 inversion effect of thick layer is comparatively precise,meanwhile for inversion effect of thin layer is relatively unsteady.but trend of collectivity change slightly.


In this work we deal with the development, current state and problems of computing education in Slovenian primary schools and also look into trends in computing education around the world. In the theoretical part of the work we first briefly introduce the importance of computing and computing education in the modern world and the development of computing education in Slovenia. Then we present the current situation in this area. Mainly we discuss terminology, the status and content of computing classes and role of teachers. We conlude the theoretical part by presenting some foreign projects in computing education.
In the empirical part we present the results of research for which we carried out a survey among 146 computing teachers in primary schools in Slovenia. The purpose of the research was to analyze and present views and opinions of computing teachers regarding key topics in the field of elementary computing education. We also studied differences in opinions between teachers with different education and other factors such as age, years of service and employment. We found that most teachers evaluated contents of compulsory and optional elective subjects Racunalnistvo as relevant and appropriately demanding and that they mostly follow the curriculum. Most of them teach optional content only occasionally. We also found that teachers with degree in computing education have a more positive view on the introduction of an optional elective subject Racunalnistvo and also rate their professional competence for teaching the new subject better than teachers with a different education. Most teachers consider the status of computing subjects as not appropriate and think that there should be a compulsory computing education subject in the curriculum. Teachers with degree in computing educationagreed with this statement the most. A similarly pronounced agreement was expressed about the claim that elementary computing education, which according to the teachers needs to be reformed. The vast majority of the interviewed teachers expressed disagreement with the assertion that the status of computing teachers is adequately regulated and there were also differences in the agreement among the teachers with different levels of employment. Positive changes were observed in the field of computing education competitions, because more than 80 % of the surveyed teachers attend at least one competition in the role of mentor. We found that teachers with degree in computing education agree the most with the argument that such competitions have positive impact on the
computing education, followed by teachers with degree in other subject and teachers with other education. Findings that the majority of teachers actively participate in professional training and development activities are also very positive.


Abstract: Transport, as an industry of the Bulgarian economy, and mostly the human resources engaged in it, is influenced by a number of market and political changes. These changes are reflected in the official statistical data for the sector, which on the other hand indicate the opportunities for implementation of projects, plans, strategies. An example of the latter in the Transport sector is the "Strategy for the Development of the Transport System of the Republic of Bulgaria Until 2020". The prompt and timely entry of statistical data reflecting the variations is the grounds for timely changes to be undertaken within the strategic activities implementation.


This paper focuses on the vibration analysis of composite cylindrical tank. The purpose of this study is comparison of natural frequencies with different layering and different fiber angle along the x-axis of the tank. The boundary conditions of the tank are located at the beginning and the end of tank. The tank fixed along the coordinate system (y, z) and is free in x-axis. Stability equations derived using the first-order shear deformation theory. The effect of layering and fiber angle has evaluated by using the finite element package ANSYS. The angle considered between -90 to 90 degrees also 0 to 90 degrees for position of fibers along the thickness, which distributed in the form of symmetrical and asymmetric. Finally, the natural frequencies of the tank under the effect of layering of composite in radial direction compared. The results shown that the number of layers and fiber orientation affected on the natural frequencies.


This paper bring up a program of sharing the information of TPMS with other ECUs,by desiging TPMS with a CAN-BUS interface.In this system,TPMS works as a node in the CAN Network.Trough the network,it can show the information of TPMS such as pressure,temperature,charge capacity and acceleration dynamically by graph on a touch-screen.


In a study recently published in Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, researchers from Osaka University, in collaboration with RIKEN and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), have reduced the beam diameter in an X-ray freeelectron laser to 6 nanometers in width. This considerably improves the utility of these lasers for imaging structures closer to the atomic level than possible in prior work.


Fertility preservation counseling has a high priority in young breast cancer (BC) patients. Cytotoxic chemicals used for chemotherapy in these patients increased the risk of premature ovarian failure. This study evaluated the anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) level at the time of diagnosis and within a month after the end of chemotherapy, while predicting the time of the return of ovarian function in BC cases (n=46) younger than 46 years for the first time in Iran. Cases were selected from those attending the breast oncology clinic of the two hospitals with a newly diagnosed in situ or invasive BC. The present study results showed AMH levels were significantly decreased in almost all women within a month after chemotherapy. It seems that the need for fertility preservation depends on patient age and baseline AMH level, but counseling should be offered by the clinician in young breast cancer patients.


A number of equal but variously submerged samples of a detached residential building are assessed with the intention to trace an impact of earth-sheltering on the building energy conservation ability under cold climatic conditions. Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) is used to carry out this. Additionally, an assessment of the building thermal comfort and profitability is performed when considering two contrasted samples of it – non-deepened and deepened as much as possible. The study results support the basic understanding of earth-sheltering expediency as a type of sustainable construction and show that maximal use of earth as an additional insulating layer provides 44.4% less heat requirements (compared with the non-deepened sample). Moreover, earth-sheltering measures are able to reduce a form factor impact on energy loss by 50%. Their cost, as the study reveals, can be compensated by means of investing the saved energy expenditures for less than 20 years. Lastly, earthen insulation assists to rise an operative temperature inside the building by 0.3oC.


This article examines the representation of the primitive in two peasant novels, Emile Zola's La Terre (1887, trans. as The Earth ) and Knut Hamsun's Markens grode (1917, trans. as Growth of the Soil ). The concept of the primitive crosses a wide range of issues that were central to naturalist and decadent literature at the turn of the twentieth century, from unconscious instincts to the fascination with exotic cultures. It thus offers a fruitful medium for the comparative reading of French and Nordic fiction of the era. I especially focus on analysing the diverse, representative practices of Zola's and Hamsun's works, which betray stylistic differences in their portrayal of the primitive. I suggest that by describing the primitive as a vital, transgressive force that even turns against itself - against nature - Zola's La Terre creates a decadent version of the primitive, which, instead of a "serious", naturalistic portrayal of everyday life, is drawn to the brutal, instinctive primitive and uses the primitive to create vital forces of transgression. Hamsun's neo-naturalist novel, in turn, reconfigures the naturalist themes in a new form and envisions a fusion of the Darwinian, naturalistic primitive and the Romantic cult of innocent primordiality, suggesting the primitive lifestyle as a nostalgic return to a pre-modern lifestyle and a turn away from the degeneration of modernity.


Image resources on the Internet are increasing massively,hence the importance of research and application of image re trieval.The current researches focus on content-based image retrieval,especially the feature-based retrieval.The most common features including color,texture,shape and spatial location.Based on the introduction to the basic principles of image texture re trieval and the theory of wavelet transform,this study explores the method to solve the problem of retrieving rate reduction by adopting two values local statistical model when the texture image rotation changes and discusses the experimental results.


In a previous paper (Hedman and Nicholson 2013), we developed tools that allowed us to confirm that several of the waves in Saturn's rings were likely generated by resonances with fundamental sectoral normal modes inside Saturn itself. Here we use these same tools to examine eight additional waves that are probably generated by structures inside the planet. One of these waves appears to be generated by a resonance with a fundamental sectoral normal mode with azimuthal harmonic number m=10. If this attribution is correct, then the m=10 mode must have a larger amplitude than the modes with m=5-9, since the latter do not appear to generate strong waves. We also identify five waves with pattern speeds between 807 degrees/day and 834 degrees/day. Since these pattern speeds are close to the planet's rotation rate, they probably are due to persistent gravitational anomalies within the planet. These waves are all found in regions of enhanced optical depth known as plateaux, but surprisingly the surface mass densities they yield are comparable to the surface mass densities of the background C ring. Finally, one wave appears to be a one-armed spiral pattern whose rotation rate suggests it is generated by a resonance with a structure inside Saturn, but the nature of this perturbing structure remains unclear. Strangely, the resonant radius for this wave seems to be drifting inwards at an average rate of 0.8 km/year over the last thirty years, implying that the relevant planetary oscillation frequency has been steadily increasing.


mail: firstname.lastname@example.com sociological study aims to investigate: 1) the motives of emigration intentions of scientists of natural and social humanitarian Profi le in 1990 and 1995, and 2) emigratory facilities and emmigratory motives psychology students in 1995.Revealed that the material factors of order (1990) in fi ve years (1995) really began to play a much greater role in shaping emigration intentions of natural science. The hierarchical structure of the motives of emigration intentions was signifi cantly diff erent among scientists of natural and social humanitarian profi le. As shown by results of a survey of students, psychologists, a leading factor in emigration was the motive of gaining new life experiences abroad, in second place — to familiarize themselves with the new education system, the third and fourth places respectively — the desire to see the world and the prospect of better employment opportunities abroad.


The invention discloses a pesticide composition containing benzenecarbothioamide and a triazole fungicide and relates to the technical field of pesticides. The pesticide composition disclosed by the invention consists of benzenecarbothioamide and the triazole fungicide, wherein the benzenecarbothioamide is 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylamino thioformyl) benzene]-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-formamide and the triazole fungicide is any one of hexaconazole, flutriafol, tebuconazole, difenoconazole and epoxiconazole and the mass ratio of the benzenecarbothioamide to the triazole fungicide is 100: 1 to 1: 100. The pesticide composition and a pesticide preparation thereof have an obvious synergistic effect compared with that of a single dosage and can be used for effectively preventing and treating crop diseases and pests, so that the dosage of pesticides is reduced and the preventing and treating costs are lowered, and the drug resistance of plant diseases and insect pests on the pesticide composition can be further delayed while the insecticidal and bactericidal activities are improved.


Quantum thermodynamics can be naturally phrased as a theory of quantum state transformation and energy exchange for small-scale quantum systems undergoing thermodynamical processes, thereby making the resource theoretical approach very well suited. A key resource in thermodynamics is the extractable work, forming the backbone of thermal engines. Therefore it is of interest to characterize quantum states based on their ability to serve as a source of work. From a near-term perspective, quantum optical setups turn out to be ideal test beds for quantum thermodynamics; so it is important to assess work extraction from quantum optical states. Here, we show that Gaussian states are typically useless for Gaussian work extraction. More specifically, by exploiting the ``concentration of measure'' phenomenon, we prove that the probability that the Gaussian extractable work from a zero-mean energy-bounded multimode random Gaussian state is nonzero is exponentially small. This result can be thought of as an $\epsilon$-no-go theorem for work extraction from Gaussian states under Gaussian unitaries, thereby revealing a fundamental limitation on the quantum thermodynamical usefulness of Gaussian components.


Objective
Some studies indicate that oral metformin can significantly decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, but it is unclear whether it protects against colorectal adenoma.So we further clarify the correlation between the two factors by means of Meta analysis.

Methods
We searched the control trials meeting the inclusion criteria through the PubMed, EMBase, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed published before June 2017.Two authors independently retrieved the databases and extracted the data.Stata 12.0 software was used to analyze the data.

Results
Ten studies were included in this Meta-analysis.The results indicated that oral metformin could decrease the risk of colorectal adenoma(OR=0.74, 95% CI(0.58-0.90), I2=61.9%, P=0.05). We divided the papers into two subgroups: case-control study and retrospective cohort study, and the results were as follows: OR=1.04, 95% CI(0.77-1.31), I2=0, P=0.372; OR=0.66, 95% CI(0.49-0.84), I2=65%, P=0.009.

Conclusion
Oral metformin can decrease the risk of colorectal adenoma.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus type 2; Metformin; Colorectal adenoma; Meta-analysis


A successful implementation of the investment programs and projects is mainly determined by an effective organizational control circuit. This is the circuit, which includes a construction organizer (external engineering company), carrying out a set of management work, based on timely and reasonable decision-making at the design and construction stages.


Sanskrit pāmara and its Prakrit and Modern Indo-Aryan equivalents have a broad semantic field. The meaning of the word ranges from a very negative connotation "a low man", "an outcast", "a fool" to a positive term denoting a peasant who is a member of a rural community with full powers. The present paper explores the various shades of meaning of the word and their possible social background. The term first appeared in early mediaeval times and has remained productive in the various Modern Indo-Aryan languages spoken in India. The negative connotations of the word are typical of traditional Sanskrit lexicons, while the positive ones were used by poets and playwrights.


The $k$-center problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem which asks to find $k$ centers such that the maximum distance of any input point in a set $P$ to its assigned center is minimized. The problem allows for elegant $2$-approximations. However, the situation becomes significantly more difficult when constraints are added to the problem. We raise the question whether general methods can be derived to turn an approximation algorithm for a clustering problem with some constraints into an approximation algorithm that respects one constraint more. Our constraint of choice is privacy: Here, we are asked to only open a center when at least $\ell$ clients will be assigned to it. We show how to combine privacy with several other constraints.


With the publication of this volume, the sequel to Volume I (1985), W. Allyn Rickett has brought to a worthy conclusion the stupendously difficult enterprise of providing English readers with a complete annotated translation of the Guanzi. The Guanzi is of central importance in the development of early Chinese thought and argumentation; it is also, from the standpoint of any translator, alarmingly long, messy, heterogenous, and problem-ridden. Its 86 chapters, of which ten are lost, cover a span of at least three centuries, from c. 300 B.C. to the end of the Former Han. There are endless variations in thought, style, aim, and format. Particular sections have diverse relationships with a vast array of other Warring States and Han texts, including many texts recovered in recent decades from archeological sites. A number of chapters have characteristics (nonstandard rhymes and thematic or verbal relationships to other texts) that seem to link them to the court of Liu An in Chu. Some of the later items are commentaries on earlier items. The order of sections in the received text appears partly designed and partly random; a number of items that are tightly related in function, style, or provenance appear widely separated by other items. Some chapters consist of fragments of different versions of the same essay, each introduced with the words "another version says"—these seem to have been brought together at a late date, perhaps by Liu Xiang, under whose care the text assumed more or less the aspect that it now has.


Department of Chemistry, University of Sou USA. E-mail: email@example.com Materials Research Laboratory, University USA University College London, Kathleen Lonsda London WC1H 0AJ, UK Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond H Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK Department of Chemistry, University of Bat † Electronic supplementary informatio information contains the thermal analysi and tables of the ionic conductivity and of Li6Y(BO3)3. See DOI: 10.1039/c5ta09436 Cite this: J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 6972


To fill the gap in patient‐reported outcome (PRO) assessment in children with cancer in India, we planned to adapt domains from the HealthMeasures Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) tool. This study attempted to identify and pool outcomes relevant to children with cancer and their caregivers in Northern India.


The Theia workshop for Sentinel-2 L2A MAJA products was held in Toulouse on the 13th and 14th of June 2018. About 80 people participated either on the 13th or 14th, and nearly 70 participants attended each day of this workshop, whose object was to collect feedback and share experiences on the quality, use and applications of the L2A surface reflectance products delivered by Theia from Sentinel-2 data.


This article is devoted to problem of minority's criminality. The radical changes in the political, social and economic conditions in the public consciousness of Ukrainian citizens who have brought in a lot of positive public life, however, led to an aggravation of the differences among young people. The ability to allocate them, to understand the causes and interdependencies, provide ways to address them for the benefit of young people in the state (in general and the youth policy of the state), professional (the efforts of specialists) and an individual (the efforts of young people themselves) levels significantly could improve the situation of young people in the country and opportunities for self-determination of its life, intellectual, moral and physical development, realization of creative potential for the benefit of both its own and Ukraine. Criminological characteristics of reasons and conditions favoring crimes commitments in large city, reasons of crimes in general is made, on the basis of which suggestions for removal some of them in order to reduce the amount of committed crimes in large city are given.
Much attention is devoted to the factors which become the causes of crime and offences that lead to the criminal mode of life: problem family, lack of educational process, taking alcoholic drinks and drugs.
The article deals with the social institutions influence on achievement of personhood of a teenager; the role of a family is analyzed in the process of socialization of a child; it is stated that any warp of a family leads to negative consequences in the development of a person; the author gives a brief account of family upbringing's drawbacks which lead to deviant behavior of the underages; suggests some directions in the work with disadvantaged children with the purpose of preventionism of juvenile delinquency.
The author of the article examines the prevention of minority's criminality in close relation to the general prevention of criminality in Ukraine. The results of researches of crimes in Kharkov are presented. In the article reveal the impotance of sociological methods (questioning, analysis of documents, observasion) for investigate of minority's criminality.


The development of vocational high school teaching and learning in Indonesia becomes very important when the country is faced with the demands for quality workers that will be necessary to face the free trade era of the 2015 ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). To anticipate this, solutions in terms of instructional strategies should be prepared, especially in relation to technology development. Field inquiry through System Influence Diagrams (SIDs) on the success of instructional implementation in laboratory shows that laboratory instruction development is necessary. With the current 10 stages of instruction for the students enrolled in technology and engineering program, especially for the field of expertise of Audio-Video Techniques, the learning outcomes are not satisfactory. This is based on an experiment of optimizing the theoretical and practical instruction in the laboratory of SMK (Vocational High School). After the implementation of SIDs, the school is finally able to meet the school competency and professional competency standards, although problems are still found in the provision of materials and equipment. The success is due to the ability of teachers in developing laboratory instruction that is suited to the ability of the laboratory in the school.


The homogenization method is used to model steel fiber reinforced concrete SFRC by converting the random distribution of fibers to a periodic one. The periodic distribution is chosen to hold similar properties of the composite material in both perpendicular directions to represent an average approximation for the random distribution. The material is modeled as a composite with brittle matrix and elastic fibers. Two patterns of the unit cell are examined to establish the homogenized stiffiness matrix in elastic and plastic stages. A rigid plastic bonding is considered between matrix and fibers. The smeared crack model is used to represent the nonlinearity of concrete. The validity of the homogenized model is examined by comparing the numerical results with the experimental results. The results show good agreement with the experimental work when a suitable pattern of the unit cell is used.


A novel impedance-transforming balun technique has been applied to the design of a push-pull GaAs FET power amplifier for the first time. By employing a multilayer structure which gives very tight coupling, the balun can transform from 50 ¿to the very low impedance required by power transistors. The power amplifier delivers 2.9 W with a 41% PAE at 1 dB gain compression, at a frequency of 1.8 GHz.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. lesson of the Baccha~. In August of 1942, he entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus at r4ilford, Ohio, where he began his college work as a has been a member of the West Baden College department of this university. The decision to put the history of the problem at the beginning of this thesis was not so readily made as it might seem. The beginning is, of course, the natural place to discuss the historical fortunes of the problem a work proposes to solve. But the history of the present problem is so complicated and involved, it is so lacking in a common terminology and approach, that it actually seemed advisable to postpone it until some positive theories of a solution had been proposed in the light of which the many conflicting views of the history might be better presented and understood. Howewer, we shall adhere to the traditional procedure and n • • • collect the views of our predecessors who had anything to say on the subject, in order that we may adopt what is right in their conclusions and guard against their mistakes.~ But in order that this procedure be worth our while, we have to unify the varied array of authority and argument. The critics fall naturally into certain classes according to their views. These classes we will mention beforehand. They are the result of a studied sifting of arguments and views, and


ABSTRACT The self-controlled case series (SCCS) and self-controlled risk interval (SCRI) designs have recently become widely used in the field of post-licensure vaccine safety monitoring to detect potential elevated risks of adverse events following vaccinations. The SCRI design can be viewed as a subset of the SCCS method in that a reduced comparison time window is used for the analysis. Compared to the SCCS method, the SCRI design has less statistical power due to fewer events occurring in the shorter control interval. In this study, we derived the asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) between these two methods to quantify this loss in power in the SCRI design. The equation is formulated as (a: control window-length ratio between SCRI and SCCS designs; b: ratio of risk window length and control window length in the SCCS design; and : relative risk of exposed window to control window). According to this equation, the relative efficiency declines as the ratio of control-period length between SCRI and SCCS methods decreases, or with an increase in the relative risk . We provide an example utilizing data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) to study the potential elevated risk of febrile seizure following seasonal influenza vaccine in the 2010–2011 season.


Currently, UV-B supplementation and UV-B exclusion are the main methods for the study on crop response to UV-B radiation. This paper provides a review on the details, the causes and control techniques of systematic errors of the two methods, and a discussion on the differences in crop response to the two treatments. Plants may be more responsive in UV-B-exclusion studies than in UV-B-supplementation studies. However, the enhanced UV-B may be most important in regulating ecosystem processes. For a better understanding of the effect mechanisms of UV-B, plant responses to the both methods should be further studied. Ref 43


The author relates the dialectical relationship between the patriotic education and the spirit of the Chinese nation and shows the importance of patriotic education and fostering the spirit of the Chinese nation. The author also puts some suggestions.


The main fabrication technologies for fiber optic combiner are discussed.And the application of fiber optic combiner in high power all-fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers is introduced.


Serial transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) assessment of LVEF and GLS are the gold standard in screening Cancer Therapeutics-Related Cardiac Dysfunction (CTRCD). Non-invasive left-ventricle (LV) pressure–strain loop (PSL) emerged as a novel method to quantify Myocardial Work (MW). This study aims to describe the temporal changes and longitudinal trajectories of MW indices during cardiotoxic treatment. We included 50 breast cancer patients with normal LV function referred for anthracycline therapy w/wo Trastuzumab. Medical therapy, clinical and echocardiographic data were recorded before and 3, 6, and 12 months after initiation of the chemotherapy. MW indices were calculated through PSL analysis. According to ESC guidelines, mild and moderated CTRCD was detected in 10 and 9 patients, respectively (20% CTRCDmild, 18% CTRCDmod), while 31 patients remained free of CTRCD (62% CTRCDneg). Prior to chemotherapy MWI, MWE and CW were significantly lower in CTRCDmod than in CTRCDneg and CTRCDmild. Overt cardiac dysfunction in CTRCDmod at 6 months was accompanied by significant worse values in MWI, MWE and WW compared to CTRCDneg and CTRCDmild. MW features such as low baseline CW, especially when associated with a rise in WW at follow-up, may identify patients at risk for CTRCD. Additional studies are needed to explore the role of MW in CRTCD.