This study seeks to find the correlation between case fatality rates (CFRs) and third-dose vaccination coverage in 244 counties (si/gun/gu) of South Korea during the omicron variant wave. Multivariate regression analyses report that the higher third-dose vaccination rates were correlated with lower regional CFRs, when controlling for age structure. If the third-dose vaccination rate of a county is higher by 10%, it would have a CFR lower by 0.05% (95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.08%). As the number of cumulative confirmed cases in South Korea was 16,353,495 as of April 20, 2022, a lower CFR by 0.03–0.08% is equivalent to 4,394–12,448 lives (8.6–24.4 per 100,000) spared. County-specific characteristics, such as age structure, intensive care unit availability, and the level of non-pharmaceutical interventions may also affect the extent of this correlation. The conclusion implicates the potential role of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in reducing the pressure on the regional healthcare capacity.


Abstract The holomediterranean species Bacillus rossius includes many subspecific taxa, which can be characterized both on the basis of electrophoretic allozyme frequencies and egg chorionic pattern. At present, 8 subspecies have been identified; they are, following a clock‐wise direction from the south‐eastern to the north‐western: B.r. tripolitanus A, B.r. tripolitanus B, B.r. lobipes, B.r. montalentii, B.r. medeae, B.r. catalauniae, B.r. rossius, and B.r. redtenbacheri. Opercular details do not unequivocally specify intraspecific taxa, however these taxa sea can be clearly recognized from the fine chorionic SEM patterns of eggs laid by field collected females. B.r. tripolitanus A and B.r. tripolitanus B show a pattern of single small mamelons, while all the others have a ribbon design, more often with a lace‐net distribution. In B.r. redtenbacheri such a pattern breaks down to give strings of different size mamelons. It would seem that the lace‐net ribbon pattern, owing to its frequent occurence and ge...


In this Norwegian study, bidirectional relations between children ' s behavior problems and child – teacher con-fl ict and closeness were examined, and the possibility of moderation of these associations by child-care group size was tested. Eight hundred and nineteen 4 - year - old children were followed up in fi rst grade. Results revealed reciprocal effects linking child – teacher con fl ict and behavior problems. Effects of child – teacher closeness on later behavior problems were moderated by group size: For children in small groups only (i


In December 2005, anti-liberalization and antiglobalization protest groups around the globe gathered in Hong Kong where the Sixth World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference was being held. Farmers' groups that were part of the Hong Kong gathering took the position that agricultural trade rules should be impartial to all World Trade Organization (WTO) member countries and not determined by a handful of agriculture-exporting countries. What suddenly prompted these farmers to come together in this way over the issues of food sovereignty and the expansion of farmers' rights?This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


A study was conducted to assess minesoil weathering as it affects remining and reclamation of 4 different-aged, abandoned mine land (AML) sites that were mined for Lower Kittanning coal in northern West Virginia. The products of acid sulfate weathering and remaining pyritic sulfur (S) contents were used to evaluate the weathering process and estimate future weathering. On each site, 3 1-m deep pits were dug and minesoil samples were extracted from 3 discernable horizons. Samples were analy;.ed for pH, exchangeable acidity, and S forms and amounts (pyritic, sulfate, and non-extractable). Active and exchangeable acidity increased and relative pyritic S decreased with age in the top horizons, due to pyrite oxidation. Active and exchangeable acidity were relatively constant throughout the profile on each site. The youngest and oldest sites had constant amounts of pyritic S ( about 13% on the youngest and 0% on the oldest) throughout each of their individual profiles. The 2 middle-aged sites had 8%, 1 to 2%, and about 25% relative pyritie S in the top, middle, and bottom horizons, respectively. The 3 older sites had increased levels of sulfate S in the middle and bottom horizons which was attributed to leaching of sulfates from the top horizons into the lower horizons. The top horizon on the oldest site had the lowest pH, highest exchangeable acidity, next-to-lowest relative sulfate S content, and the lowest level of pyritic S; and no pyritic S in the middle and bottom horizons. Thus, this 35-year-old site may be near the end of the acid generating phase. ADDITIONAL


The sudden outage of a transformer due to a fault can cause irreparable damage to the electricity industry. Hence, by conducting momentarily inspections of the transformer's condition, faults can be promptly detected, and the transformer can be disconnected from the power grid to prevent subsequent failures in this equipment. Detecting faults at an early stage can also result in reduced repair costs. One recent promising technique for fault detection is Frequency Response Analysis (FRA), which compares the transformer's response in healthy and faulty conditions for understanding the occurrence of transformer faults. This paper presents a comprehensive and accurate modeling approach for the behavior of the transformer at different frequencies, followed by an exposition of the requirements for implementing this method in order to find the fault type, severity, and location. Additionally, various methods for analyzing the results of frequency response are introduced and discussed. In this regard, attempts have been made to introduce advanced complementary methods to address the weaknesses and limitations of the frequency response method. Finally, the concepts are summarized, and suggestions for further research with applications in this field are presented and compared.


A comprehensive book that covers every important phase of planning, from the essential basis for planning to design concepts, as well as the components that make up the necessary physical facilities and properties of well-ordered recreational service systems.


This paper has reviewed the rhetorical opinions in the period of proqing,Confucius affirmed the revereancient tendency from the direction of ethic.Xuntse put forward the principle of follow the example of sage.Motse considered that speech has three standards,and just this tradition establish the foundation of Chinese ancient rhetoric.


The crystal structure properties of 1,3,6-tribromocarbazole (1) are: orthorhombic, space group Pna21 with a = 17.3110(3)A, b = 4.5608(2)A, c = 14.9606(2)A, V = 1181.17(6)A3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0267, wR2 = 0.0594 for the 2677 reflections (I > 3σ(I)). The solid state structure of 1 consists of layers of stacked molecules, with hydrogen bonding between the N-H bonds and the Br atoms of molecules on neighbouring stacks (H…Br distances = 2.840(1)A).


This study adopted the digital signal processing system of Texas instruments as an embedded processing system for a catcher robot. Two cameras were used to capture images, and image processing techniques were applied to calculate the centroid of the target object image. The 3-D coordinates of the target object in space were then calculated according to the principles of binocular vision. The error coming from visual calculation was less than the size of the target object. Next, the Lagrange interpolation formula and a linear equation were used to calculate (in real time) the trajectory of the ball in space and the location to catch the ball. Finally, inverse kinematics was used to control the 2° of freedom robotic arm to catch balls pitched by humans from a distance of 4 m. Combining the advantages of the platform and the hardware efficacy with a processing rate of 30 frames/s, a low-cost rapid robot visual tracking system resembling a human is established.


Aquaponics, or the co-culture of fish and plants, has been widely regarded as a solution to the growing food requirement of an increasingly urban landscape. However, difficulties in scaling up arise particularly for start-up growers due to the lack of reliable models to describe the nutrient balance in an aquaponics set-up. In this study, a comprehensive model for the products of the nitrogen cycle is presented in a constant-head one pump (CHOP) aquaponics assembly in order to have a picture of their concentrations in the system, thereby eliminating expensive trial and error adjustments. The growth rate and rate of waste generation of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) was mathematically represented alongside the growth rate and rate of nitrogen assimilation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The evolution of nitrifying bacteria in the biofilter was also modelled. The condition of high recirculation rates was assumed to eliminate the spatial variation of concentration in small-volume modular tanks. The results of the simulation suggest that a linear propagation of both fish and plant through time will result to a deficiency of nutrients for the plants in the beginning of the fish growing cycle, and an excess of nitrates towards the end. To manage rising nitrate levels, the adoption of a staggered growing system was suggested instead of changing water. Overall, the developed model performed satisfactorily in providing a reference to the grower, and is hoped to be extended to other nutrients as well in the future.


In situ CTD observations are utilized to discuss the criteria for determining the thermocline,halocline and sound-cline in the continental shelf break zone of the northeastern South China Sea(SCS).The criteria of 0.1℃·m~(-1),0.02m~(-1) and 0.30s~(-1),for the thermocline,halocline and sound-cline respectively,can be adopted for both the shallow sea(200 m) and the open seas(200 m) in the summer and the autumn to ensure the horizontal continuity of the thermocline,halocline and sound-cline,while in winter and spring the horizontal discontinuity of the thermocline, halocline and sound-cline can be ignored.Moreover,in the case of the occurrence of internal tide,the open sea criteria can be used for both the shallow sea and the open seas to ensure the horizontal continuity.


Large amounts of documents are exchanged during the construction phase of projects, which covers the important management information. To utilize the exchanged documents to support decisionmaking of the management staffs, the requirement analysis was carried out based on the interviews to the practitioners. A decision support system called Explyzer+ was developed based on the previous prototype system Explyzer. The latter was enhanced by adding the functions to automate the whole process and the techniques of data mining including decision tree analysis and clustering analysis. A case study for in-depth information analysis was conducted based on the data obtained from a large construction project to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness. The system could effectively assist the management staffs to carry out in-depth information analysis for decision-making in construction projects.


Five substituted tetraphenylporphyrin compounds were prepared using nitrobenzene as an oxidant and mixed-solvent of acetic acid and propionic acid as the solvent.Then oxo-molybdenum substituted tetraphenylporphyrins were synthesized using molybdenum pentachloride as the metal salt in the solvent of decalin.The structures of these targeted products were confirmed by UV-Vis and IR.The effects of reaction temperature,metal salt dosages and concentration of porphyrin ligand toward the yields of metallation process were further investigated.The yields of metallation reached up to 86%~96%,and the total yields of substituted oxo-molybdenum tetraphenylporphyrin prepared using this two-step method were obtained from 17.7% to 44.4%.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between α4β1‐integrin state of activation on CD4+ T‐cell subsets and their adhesive interaction to VCAM‐1 under flow.


Abstract Aflatoxins (AFs) and Fumonisins (FBs) are common contaminants of maize, from secondary metabolites of fungi. Presence of AFs and FBs in maize-based complimentary food is evident in various studies conducted in Tanzania and elsewhere. Consequently, Infant and Young children (IYC) aged between 6 and 24 months in Tanzania who consume monotonous maize-based foods are at a high risk of exposure to these toxins. The AF or FB exposures have been linked to low awareness and inadequate knowledge or limited skills of IYC feeding practices among mothers and caregivers. This review reveals that more researches are needed to identify appropriate feeding practices in Tanzania to improve child growth. Meanwhile, stakeholders should direct efforts on education to subsistence farmers including mothers and caregivers on interventions to minimize mycotoxin contamination of cereal and nut-based complementary foods in the country.


Introduces the types,holding time and service life of vacuum mugs.Describes the advantages of the jointly-designed three-chamber vacuum brazing furnace and the construction of vacuum mup and solders used for it.


Self-assembled structures and machines can be made using origami-inspired manufacturing methods. In particular, self-folding of two-dimensional materials using shape memory polymers and embedded electrical circuits has been utilized to build robots and structures in an inexpensive and rapid manner. In order to build increasingly complex and functional self-folding machines, however, methods for interaction with the environment are necessary. This paper presents and characterizes three types of self-folding sensors: a mechanical switch, a capacitive contact sensor, and a velocity sensor. We utilize specialized fold patterns to create cyclic mechanical linkages as well as additional composite layers such as magnetic sheets to build these sensors. We demonstrate the integration of two of these sensors, the switch and the contact sensor, into a lamp that can self-fold and immediately begin responding to its surroundings.


As the society enters into the age of the information, the cyber space called Internet, which has spread fast among the people, has grown the game industries at the speed of explosion, and the new area called e-Sports generated as the byproduct of the game industry has played an important role in the leisure activities for younger people today. Besides, the e-Sports have established themselves as a kind of leisure activities based on the youth of 10s and 20s in age, who are estimated to be relatively more active users. The leisure of the present time has been understood as a kind of the basic human activities of developing their potential capacities and enriching the life, and the leisure activities have affected not only the physical health but also the mental health, satisfaction of the life and the psychological development. Especially, the leisure activities can be an effective means of prompting the psychological health and self-realization. The study is aimed at examining the relations between the motive of using the e-Sports and absorbing themselves in it and the psychological wellbeing, and finding out the function and effects of the e-Sports as a kind of leisure activities. For the study, the samples were collected from the 300 students of the 9 universities and the high school students based in the Cheon-an city through the convenient sampling method, and the total of 270 effective samples has been used for the study, after the 30 samples were left out, as they had been considered as irrelevant to the study. The appropriateness and reliability of the study were verified using the data processing method of SPSSWIN Ver. 12.0 and the samples were used for the validity of the hypothesis. The study results validated through the analysis of actual proof are as follows. Firstly, in general, the motives of using the e-Sports are indicated in the following order, such as, the pursuit of the pastime, pursuit of problems, pursuit of leisure, pursuit of killing time, pursuit of achievement and community, and the pursuit of pastime is shown to be relatively higher than others. Secondly, the motives of using the e-Sports, absorption in it and psychological wellbeing by the sex are found out to have the statistically significant difference, and indicate that the male is higher than the female. Thirdly, in the motives of using the e-Sports, except for the pursuit of the leisure, such elements as the pursuit of the problem avoidance, the pursuit of community, the pursuit of achievement, the pursuit of pastime, the pursuit of killing time, are shown to have the statically significant influence on the absorption of the e-Sports. Fourthly, the absorption of the e-Sports is indicated to have the statically significant influence on the psychological wellbeing (self-realization and perceived competence).


Painting goes beyond objective expression of the subject, which involves enlightening the viewer on the features, nature and any other factor that identify with realistic or naturalistic representation of the subject only. In this context, with reference to indigenous occupation in Awka, this study aims at extending the frontier of visual representation to that which expresses the subject beyond its literal or conventional interpretation. Hence the quest to transform the genre imagery from one built on superficial knowledge and understanding to that which is subliminal. For vivid and effective communication of the content, realistic style of painting is employed as the ideal medium for the expression because it poses no problem to the viewer's intellectual and aesthetic appraisal of visual experience. Furthermore, its fusion with futuristic elements seeks expression in the curiousity and imaginative response of the viewer. Generally the contents of the imageries focus on the aim to trigger and configure the imaginations of the viewer to align with the ideas and principles the subject connotes or conveys. The relevant materials for the study are sourced from textbooks, journals, internet and studio experience. Related literatures are reviewed and the outcome of the results forms the basis for the execution of the study. Analysis of the imageries reveals a studio experience whereby the subject finds expression in the evolution of human intellect. However, this study tends to offer the spectator an insightful knowledge of indigenous occupation as a reality and as a concept. Recommendation are: that indigenous occupation should be studied and interpreted based on metaphysical values. It should be studied and interpreted with reference to colour language. Further futuristic traditional painting of the subject should aim at reflecting man's quest for interplanetary colonization.


1 2 Acromegaly is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, which is believed to be a direct 3 consequence of chronically elevated GH and IGF1. Given that insulin is important for cardiac growth 4 and function, and considering that GH excess induces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and cardiac 5 alterations, it is of interest to study insulin sensitivity in this tissue under chronic conditions of 6 elevated GH. 7 Transgenic mice overexpressing GH present cardiomegaly and perivascular and interstitial 8 fibrosis in the heart. Mice received an insulin injection, the heart was removed after two minutes and 9 immunoblotting assays of tissue extracts were performed to evaluate the activation and abundance of 10 insulin signaling mediators. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) was 11 conserved in transgenic mice, but the phosphorylation of IR substrate-1 (IRS1), its association with 12 the regulatory subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), as well as the phosphorylation of 13 Akt were decreased. In addition, total content of the glucose transporter GLUT4 was reduced in 14 transgenic mice. Insulin failed to induce the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin 15 (mTOR). However, transgenic mice displayed increased basal activation of the 16 IR/IRS1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR and p38 signaling pathways along with higher serine phosphorylation of 17 IRS1, which is recognized as an inhibitory modification. 18 We conclude that GH overexpressing mice exhibit basal activation of insulin signaling but 19 decreased sensitivity to acute insulin stimulation at several signaling steps downstream the IR in the 20 heart. These alterations may be associated with the cardiac pathology observed in these animals. 21 Page 2 of 38


A point source deconvolution technique is described that models the effects of anisoplanatism on the adaptive optics point spread function. This technique is used in the analysis of a quadruple system observed using the Palomar Adaptive Optics system on the Hale 5 meter telescope. Two members of this system reside in a .1 asec double. Deconvolution of this close double was performed using the PSF of a third member of the system, which was offset from the double by 12 asec. Incorporation of anisoplanatism into the deconvolution procedure requires knowledge of the turbulence profile, which was measured at the time of these observations using a DIMM/MASS unit at Palomar Observatory.


This research discusses the use of social media in education marketing strategy at Islamic elementary level in Indonesia. The aims of this study are to describe the marketing strategy of education through social media and the effectiveness of using social media for education marketing at an Islamc school. This study used qualitative approach and the data was gathered through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and writteng material analysis. The results of this study show that the use of social media for marketing strategy at Islamic Elementary Schools has integrated the management of marketing process, such as: planning, organizing, and determining social media. The social media has become the primary tool for Islamic education at elementary level in promoting the educational institutions to wider Muslim communities. The social media is considered as a very effective tool for new promotion strategy in current digital age. Muslim communities in Indonesia mostly use social media in daily life which can increase their access and interaction with Islamic education institution.


Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on non-alcoholic fatty liver (NA and to explore the relationship between insulin resistance and NAFL. Methods Animal model of NAFL was established by feeding Sprague-Dawley rats a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. The model rats were then randomized into rosiglitazone-treated and untreated groups. The animals were sacrificed after being treated with rosiglitazone or vehicle for 4 weeks. The histological changes of liver were examined, and liver function, fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, serum lipid profile, leptin, and adiponectin were measured. Results As compared with untreated group, hepatic steatosis and liver function were significantly improved in rosiglitazone-treated group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 54±19 U/L vs 101±24 U/L, aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST) 151±37 U/L vs 198±48 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 87±16 U/L vs 115±39 U/L, respectively (P0.01). Serum adiponectin level was higher, and serum leptin level and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were lower in rosiglitazone-treated group than in untreated group. HOMA-IR was 6.9±1.8 vs 12.0±1.2 (P0.01). Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level were significantly decreased in rosiglitazone-treated group as compared with untreated group (P0.01). Conclusions Insulin resistance might play important role in the pathogenesis of NAFL. Rosiglitazone effectively reverses NAFL in animal model.


The misalignment of spacecraft antenna with the Earth,the discontinuity of the telemetry signal and the distance between spacecraft and the Earth farther and farther etc, which narrow the signal bandwidth and reduce the signal strength,contribute to the increase in VLBI group delay error and outliers.In order to acquire better group delay measurements in these situations,we studied four fitting methods,namely weighted linear fitting with amplitude after outlier-elimination,weighted linear fitting with squared amplitude after outlier-elimination,weighted linear fitting with cubic amplitude after outlier-elimination and weighted linear fitting with quartic amplitude after outlier-elimination.By evaluating the pros and cons of these four methods,we found that by using the second method can minimize the closure error of delays from three baselines and can relatively maximize the average coefficient of determination of group delay fitting.In order to further reduce the error of VLBI delay measurement,we introduce a method to connect the phase delay with cycle ambiguity in the entire observation period,and then eliminate its offset by minimizing its difference from the group delay.In this way,we are able to get phase delay measurements with relatively small offsets.Since the random error of phase delay is usually much lower than that of the group delay,the systematic error of phase delay can be reduced more easily, and be better applied in orbit determination process.


We describe a construction of a moduli space of solenoid functions for the C -conjugacy classes of hyperbolic dynamical systems f on surfaces with hyperbolic basic sets f . We explain that if the holonomies are sufficiently smooth then the diffeomorphism f is rigid in the sense that it is C 1C conjugate to a hyperbolic affine model. We present a moduli space of measure solenoid functions for all Lipschitz conjugacy classes of C hyperbolic dynamical systems f which have a invariant measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to Hausdorff measure. We extend Livšic and Sinai's eigenvalue formula for Anosov diffeomorphisms which preserve an absolutely continuous measure to hyperbolic basic sets on surfaces which possess an invariant measure absolutely continuous with respect to Hausdorff measure.


In reading the May JOURNAL, I noted that Boyle Engineering Corp. is credited for receiving the Grand Conceptor Award for the Conserv 1 project in Orlando, Fla. The article states that "the project is the first in the state to reuse municipal wastewater to irrigate a crop intended for human consumption." Unfortunately, this is not true. Since the completion of plan improvements in 1984, the city of Auburndale, Fla., has been utilizing municipal wastewater effluent to irrigate a 100-acre citrus grove. The Auburndale facility is a 1.4-mgd advanced secondary treatment facility designed by Chastain-Skillman Inc. Construction was financed through a Farm Home Administration loan and was completed at a cost of approximately $l/gal. Treatment consists of dual manual bar screens and velocity-controlled grit chambers. Secondary treatment is provided by an oxidation ditch designed for nitrification and partial denitrification followed by dual clarifiers. The effluent is then ozonated and chlorinated. Following chlorination, the city can discharge to the grove or to a nearby surface water. This process has been operational since 1984. Unfortunately, as a result of changes in Florida Department of Environmental Regulation rules, the city will either have to install filtration or discontinue harvesting of the citrus crop. However, the system has provided a safe, effective means of wastewater reuse for the past five years.


With the increasing availability and size of multi‐omics datasets, investigating the casual relationships between molecular phenotypes has become an important aspect of exploring underlying biology andgenetics. There are an increasing number of methodlogies that have been developed and applied to moleular networks to investigate these causal interactions.


It is shown that, in a laser radiation field of I≈108 W/cm2 intensity, an oscillator having a dipole moment d01≈0.1 D is excited in a time t≤100 nsec to levels with n = 4–5 and the probability of such excitation is 10%. Such excitation is only possible for a nonlinear oscillator; it is essentially a quantum effect and can be interpreted as tunneling in the energy space.


The purpose of this study is to present the development and direction of the concept development phase, which is the starting point of the Korean military''s battle development to meet the era of the Fourth industrial Revolution and to propose the development of the military doctrine in the field of cooperation and implementation. To this, we opened the fourth Industrial revolution and presented the possibility of military application and the future warfare and The U.S. Army seeks to derive the implications by presenting the development of the concept and the establishment of warfighting function in the field of military doctrine.
As a result of the research First, concept development must be conducted in conjunction with the development of science and technology and continuously promoted. Second, The documentation produced in the concept development phase must be written in plain text to ensure practical accessibility. Third, The military doctrines of the ROK and the U.S. must evolve from the same perspective as possible for interoperability. Fourth, Military Doctrines must develop in conjunction with the advancement of science and technology.


OBJECTIVE
To study nonverbal social cue perception in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 86), conduct problems (CP; n = 24), or both disorders (ADHD + CP; n = 63), as well as normal controls (n = 27).

METHOD
Using a standardized test of receptive nonverbal processing abilities, participants were required to interpret emotional cues from pictures of facial expressions and recordings of voices.

RESULTS
As predicted, children with CP and ADHD were significantly less accurate at interpreting emotions than normal controls. However, children with CP and ADHD differed in the type of errors made: the ADHD group's errors were generally random in nature, whereas the CP group tended to misinterpret emotions as anger. Contrary to our hypothesis, the ADHD + CP group performed better than the ADHD and CP groups, was as accurate as the control group, and displayed a unique pattern of errors.

CONCLUSIONS
These results support the idea that social deficiencies associated with CP arise from a biased perception of emotion, whereas social problems in ADHD originate from a failure to attend to the appropriate cues of affect. The findings also support the theory that comorbid ADHD + CP is a distinct disorder.


Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children younger than 5 years of age. It is an aggressive malignancy with evidence of secondary metastasis at the time of the initial presentation. NB is rightly known as a great masquerader. Herein, we describe three children who presented with renal masses mimicked as Wilms tumor initially and later diagnosed as NB on biopsy. The response to therapy was not satisfactory in all three children. A higher level of awareness and early recognition is important for diagnosing and managing NB. We should rule out NB when there is a diagnostic dilemma before nephrectomy in these patients. Intrarenal NB should be considered with the combination of renal mass and hypertension with elevated catecholamines. The distinction between these two tumors is important since both malignancies have different therapeutic and prognostic implications.


This research has objectives to develop indicators and criteria for assessing achievement in using renewable energy for communities. The researchers used Delphi technique for interviewing to collect opinions from experts who had strong experience in renewable energy utilization in the Northern region of Thailand. The 8 indicators for achieving assessment on community renewable energy utilization consisted of perception, attitude/motivation, learning, community potential, leaders, community and household participation, problem solving, and internal and external networks. The criteria for achievement assessment consisted of 4 levels of scores that range from 0 – 100 points. The 4 levels are Excellent, Good, Fair, and Poor, according to potential of the community. For success in supporting the use of renewable energy in communities, participation and cooperation from people in the community and external organizations are essential. These sectors need to get involved and play important roles to push forward and maintain sustainable production and utilization of renewable energy in communities.


It provides good adhesion to a coating film deposited thereon with a wear resistant photocurable acrylic resin film, comprising the further abrasion-resistant acrylic resin coating film base material was coated with a coating film obtained from the composition hard coated article with subsequent good adhesion, especially can provide optical articles such as spectacle lenses, wear resistance photocurable acrylic resin film. Those with at least one compound with 5 to 7 one acrylic groups of the composition appropriate quantities, those having from 3 with at least one compound four acrylate groups, those having two acrylate groups with at least one compound , comprising at least one diepoxy compound, hydrolyzate of at least one epoxysilane and at least one non-polymerizable ether compound.


Memristor-based gas sensors (gasistors) have been considered as the most promising candidate for detecting NO gas suitable for neural network (NN) analysis. In this work, in order to solve an overfitting issue arising from the training data when using a single gasistor, which degrades the accuracy of NN, we here propose a metal-insulator-silicon (MIS)-structured Zr3N4-based gasistor array that results in an improvement in both the accuracy of the NN analysis and the efficiency of the operating power. As a result, the proposed gasistor array showed a decrease of epoch and a 2.5% improvement of prediction accuracy at room temperature compared to single cells with metal/insulator/metal (MIM) and MIS structures. These results imply that an array structure based on MIS can efficiently solve the overfitting issue by receiving multiple responses at once, compared to a single gas sensor that obtains one response per sensing.


This is a press release. Five new grants funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) at the National Institutes of Health will boost NIAMS' investment in stem cell research.


Team collaboration aims to generate higher collective productivity compared to the sum of individuals. Propelled by modern communication technologies, collaboration has become easier than ever and an increasing number of collaborative teams have emerged. Yet it remains currently unknown how to describe productivity, for large and complex collaborative teams that have many indicators related to productivity. In this paper, we focus on large-scale research teams. The sheer complexity of the collaboration makes it difficult to understand the productivity and the key indicators involved. To solve this challenge, we propose a data-driven framework to process, analyze and understand the indicators related to productivity. First, we describe collaborative teams by extracting related indicators. Then, we identify core productivity indicators based on statistical analysis. Finally, we propose a productivity prediction task to verify the utility of the indicators. We conduct experiments on a large-scale dataset of scientific research teams that span more than 30 years. The results confirm the effectiveness of our approach to help us describe and understand productivity in a complex setting. The insights also shed light on important indicators for productivity and possible means to improve it.


We investigate structural properties of the cone of roots of relative Steiner polynomials of convex bodies. We prove that they are closed, monotonous with respect to the dimension, and that they cover the whole upper half-plane, except the positive real axis, when the dimension tends to infinity. In particular, it turns out that relative Steiner polynomials are stable polynomials if and only if the dimension is $\leq 9$. Moreover, pairs of convex bodies whose relative Steiner polynomial has a complex root on the boundary of such a cone have to satisfy some Aleksandrov-Fenchel inequality with equality. An essential tool for the proofs of the results is the characterization of Steiner polynomials via ultra-logconcave sequences.


Introduction: The advancement of industrialization and communication is contributing towards sedentary life styles; in turn causing chronic non-communicable diseases like Madhumeha vis-a-vis Diabetes Mellitus, etc. in fact Ayurveda is the first life science, which identified, diagnosed and managed Madhumeha.  Madhumeha / DM are the present burning issue alarming the world. Aim & Objective: Management of Madhumeha with Akulyadi Yoga. Methodology: It is a clinical study. Diabetes Mellitus management with Akulyadi Yoga as a Shamana Chikitsa. Akulyadi Yoga ingredients are hypoglycemic agents collected from local area and prepared under GMP conditions, weighing about 500mg tablet form. Patients of Madhumeha fulfilling the criteria of diagnosis were selected in the present study. Observation: The male female ratio in the study is approximately 3:2 patients and 75% patients were recorded with sedentary life styles. In the present study 60% patients had family history and rest of the 40% patients had no family history of Madhumeha. Discussion: The key parameters to assess "glycemic" condition of Madhumeha exhibit, FBS with a mean difference of 48.605mg and PPBS with mean difference of 117.18mg for after too before data. Conclusion: This is strong evidence to state that the Akulyadi Yoga is good hypoglycemic agent combination of Ayurveda.


This paper presents an analysis of algorithms and approaches used to solve the problem of identifying insider threats using machine learning techniques. Internal threat detection in the context of this research is reduced to the task of detecting anomalies in the audit logs of access subjects' actions. The paper formalizes the main directions of insider threats detection and presents popular machine learning algorithms. The paper raises the problem of objective evaluation of research and development in the subject area. Based on the analysis recommendations for the implementation of internal threat detection systems using machine learning algorithms are developed.


Objective To evaluate the effect of preloading epidural space with 0.9% sodium chloride on the incidence of the injury to blood vessel by epidural catheter insertion for cesarean section.Methods One hundred uterogestation patients with single birth,ASA class Ⅰ - Ⅱ,underwent caesarean section and requested continuous epidural analgesia were divided into group P and group C with each 50 cases by random digits table.After identification of the epidural space,group C was inserted epidural catheter directly,and 5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride was injected into epidural space through the epidural needle in group P,while the syringe plunger was held closed for 20 s to make sure the solution spreaded sufficiently,following insertion the epidural catheter.Between the two groups,mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded prior to anesthesia,2 min after turn to the supine horizontal position after succeeded puncture,the time when the fetus were born and when the surgery were over.The cases with bloody fluid in the epidural puncture needle during puncture,or in the epidural catheter during catheter placement,fresh blood in the epidural catheter,and bloody fluid in caudal end of epidural catheter during extubation were recorded.Results The changes of mean arterial pressure and heart rate were all in the normal range,there was no obvious difference between the two groups.The incidence of rates with bloody fluid in the epidural puncture needle during puncture and the bloody fluid in caudal end of epidural catheter during extubation in group P were significantly lower than those in group C [ 10% (5/50) vs.26% (13/50),22% (11/50) vs.48% (24/50),P < 0.05 or < 0.01 ].Conclusion Preloading epidural space with 5 ml 0.9% sodium chloride can reduce the incidence of the injury to blood vessel induced by insertion of epidural catheter.

Key words:
Sodium chloride;  Anesthetics, local;  Epidural space;  Hematoma;  Cesarean section


Khoa jalebi, a traditional sweet product popular in central regions of India, has a shelf life of about one week at ambient temperatures. In this study, the effect of potassium sorbate on the shelf life of khoa jalebi was investigated. Two levels viz. 500 and 1000 ppm of the preservative with a high barrier packaging material viz. metalized aluminium pouch were tried. Sensory changes during storage at 30oC along with changes in glycolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis were monitored. There was no significant effect of the preservative on the changes in colour and appearance, body and texture and moisture content of the jalebi during storage, but the changes in flavour score, pH, FFA and tyrosine values were significantly retarded by the addition of potassium sorbate. It was concluded that shelf life of khoa jalebi packed in metalized aluminium pouch could be enhanced up to 15 days using 500 ppm potassium sorbate and to 25 days by using 1000 ppm potassium sorbate, whereas the jalebi without preservative kept well for 10 days


This article advances the concept that the mission of a diocesan Catholic college/university is found in its geographic relationship with the local church and area community. Examples of this interaction and collaboration are cited.


In this paper,the applicability of the Ostrowski quadrature formula is enlarged with the improvement of Ostrowski inequality.The classical numerical integration formulas such as the midpoint,the trapezoid and the simpson are extended from the improved inequality, and the corresponding sharp error bounds are obtained at the same time.The specific application of numerical integration is given at last.


Plant-based raw materials of generic species Plantago L. are widely used in world medicine as anti-inflammatory, vulnerary and anti-ulcerous agents. Pharmacologic efficiency is accounted by polysaccharides, aucubin, flavonoids, hydrocinnamic acids, vitamin A, amino-acids, etc. which are presented in the plant. Approximately 18 species of family Plantaginaceae Juss are grown up in Ukraine. But only Plantago major and Plantago lanceolate are officially recognized. Plantago media is near phylogenically to Plantago major, it has large plant base, similar composition and biologically active substances, but it isn't used in Ukraine. Thus, comparative microscopic researches for two species of Plantago, revealing their diagnostic capacities for further practical using Plantago media in medicine are actual and topical. The aim of our research was to determine general and specific diagnostic microscopic signs in plant-based raw material of Plantago major L. and Plantago media L. Material and methods. Within microscopic study we have used leaves of Plantago major L. and Plantago media L. plants, picked during flowering in Ukraine. Fresh plant raw material has been fixed in mixture: glycerin, ethyl alcohol 96 %, purified water (1:1:1). The research has been done with using chloral hydrate according to methods recommended by State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine. Results and discussion. While carrying out microscopic studies of plant raw material we turned our attention on structure of veins and cells in epidermis, availability, number and type of stoma, features for filaments and glandules, type of leaf lamina. Conclusions. Isolateral type in structure of leaf lamina is the common microscopic diagnostic feature for both Plantago major L. and Plantago media L. The veins of both types are encircled by gross oval cells with starch inclusions. Related structure in lower epidermis of leaves, simple and glandulous filament are specific for both plants. Distinctions in anatomic structure of veins and stoma of studied species of Plantaginaceae Juss have been defined within microscopy. Presence of simple papilliform filament in Plantago media L. has been observed within microscopic study as well. Microscopic features obtained within our research allow to identify accurately plant raw material from morphologically related generic species Plantago major L. and Plantago media L.


Abstract In this report a case of closed mallet thumb injury is described, which was diagnosed clinically and indication for surgical treatment was confirmed with ultrasound examination. The EPL-tendon was successfully reconstructed with an excellent result. We propose a mandatory ultrasound examination of all closed mallet thumb injuries.


【This study introduces a new delivery method for designs as observed in the artwork trends of Damien Hirst and reflected in the unique expression methods of Modern fashion Collections. The study analyzed numerous resources (literature, dissertations, magazines, and the internet) about Damien Hirst and the examination of a modern fashion timeline is limited to after the 2000s. The 'grotesque trend' that appears in Damien Hirst's works can be classified into five categories (fragmented animal, mismatch, excessiveness and exaggeration, comedy and awfulness, and abnormality). Based on this, the study found that heterogeneous, abject abhorrence, double sided of the play, exaggerated atypia and devilishness in Modern fashion. This study suggests a positive direction for the 'grotesque technique' that could be recognized as one of the delivery methods for a unique fashion design based on the attachment of an aesthetic value that supersedes bizarreness and strangeness to expand various methods of expression.】


Women participating in politics is closely associated with political civilization, on the one hand, women participating in politics is an important part of political civilization, on the other hand, political civilization assures women participating in politics.It is important to discusses the dialectical relationship between women participating in politics and political civilization,it has theoretical and practice meaning to enforce women participating in politics and promote political civilization.


Accessing data from databases such as Oracle and SQL Server has become an increasingly common requirement for SAS® programmers. SAS offers powerful and flexible capabilities for accessing such data, and many aspects of this process are quite straightforward, especially when LIBNAME engines are used. However, there are some traps that lurk for the unwary that can potentially produce unexpected error messages, incorrect output, or frantic calls from your normally-friendly Database Administrator. This paper highlights a few of the most common traps and explains how to avoid them.


As a main clue of western historical development after the Renaissance of literature and art,naturalist education has a deep influence to us.It plays a dominant role in people'basic idea of value.The reason is for its care about practical life,and the historical philosophical consider.So Searching for the root of western naturalist educationalconcept will make an extensive room for expanding its original perspectives and outlook of the theory.


Objective A method was established for the assay of Chlorogenic acid in Kouyanqing tablets.MethodsThe C18 column was used and acetonitrile-0.4%phosphoric acid solution(13:87)as mobile phase,detected at 327 nm.ResultsThe linear range was 0.018~0.090 mg/ml(r=0.9986).The average recovery rate was 99.61%,RSD1.16%(n=6).ConclusionThe method is accurate,reliable and with good repeatability.


Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the serious complications are the most frequent causes of death of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We bring out a hypothesis that early low-flow oxygen inhalation would maintain the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (an essential protection mechanism of the lung that optimize gas exchange) and accelerate the re-absorption of pulmonary edema fluid. The optimal time for oxygen therapy was analyzed and four comments are proposed: (1) Finger SpO2 should be measured at home simultaneously with the first-time nucleic acid test. (2) If the patient's SpO2 was lower than the reference value by 2% or more, it is suggested to be hospitalized immediately for standard low-flow oxygen inhalation. (3) If it was not possible to be admitted to hospital immediately, the patient is recommended to take oxygen in the home. (4) The Patients with low SpO2 are advised to use prone position as much as possible.


This primer is designed for undergraduate students studying international economics. It presents three simple frameworks to calculate gains from openness to international trade, multinational production and migration. The backbone of our analysis is the simple Armington (1969) model where trade arises because the representative consumer loves variety and demands a positive amount of the good produced in each location. ∗I thank Monica Morlacco for outstanding assistance and working out most of the details of this note. Support from the NSF CAREER grant is gratefully acknowledged. All errors are mine.


(1954). Application of Group Psychotherapy Principles to Nonstructured Groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 285-292.


The change of the underground system with Liupanshan tunnel construction is studied through numerical simulation. Through the simulation of tunnel excavation,lining,grouting process,such as underground water level of three sections are obtained fell by 49. 9m to 58. 73 m,lining construction and circular after grouting,the recovery degree can reach more than 95%.


The aim of this paper is to present some remarks on the cost functions for blind channel equalization by 'Bussgang' algorithms recently discussed in the literature; also, some possible associated non-Bayesian estimators are considered with details, and the effects of the choice of such estimators in relation to 'Bussgang' filtering are investigated.


Many disciplines advance their knowledge base by using the case study approach in both research and teaching. Similarly, there is opportunity to further utilize case studies to advance the knowledge about systems engineering (SE) practice, procedures, theory, and performance. The case study approach is particularly appropriate when the boundary between the phenomenon under study and its context is unclear as is the case for enterprise-level systems engineering. In this paper, a process for developing SE research case studies is given. Special emphasis is placed on design of the case study. Applicable to all types of SE, the suggested case study development process utilizes case study frameworks to facilitate data collection and case study design. Expanding beyond a traditional systems engineering case study framework, an enterprise systems engineering framework is described. Employing a rigorous systems engineering case study approach will aid researchers and advance the knowledge base available to SE practitioners.


First delivered in January 1912 as a lecture at Vienna's Akademischen Verband für Literatur und Musik, Oskar Kokoschka's canonical essay 'Von der Natur der Gesichte' ('On the Nature of Visions') speaks to the decisive role of visions – both optical and inner, conscious and unconscious – in the development of modern art. Although only twenty-five years of age at the time, Kokoschka spoke with the authority of an artist who had long recognized the stakes involved in defining one's art (and one's self) as avant-garde within the milieu of fin-de-siècle Vienna. As a burgeoning young expressionist painter and playwright, he equally understood the importance of establishing a theoretical basis in which to root the iconography of


The Silver age culture involves the search for new forms in literature, poetry, and painting. Egodocuments reflect modernist trends particularly vividly in genres, such as diaries, epistolaries, and autobiographies, among others. Osip Mandelstam's autobiographical prose "Noise of Time" is an attempt of the poet's creative self-expression, his desire to explain the world directly — through his own perception. Author's direct word shows new forms of communication with the reader: associativity of the narrative, a special relationship with the text, when the reader as if restores the lost subtext moments, while the "sounding mold form" itself becomes the content. The foundations for Mandelstam's autobiographical prose are his reflections that convey the state of the person staying in the socio-cultural space and seeking to objectify, to get away from his own biography and "to monitor the noise and germination of time".


Different types of human activities have resulted in different fields of knowledge like religion,humanities and science,which are further ranked differently in the order of knowledge according to different social backgrounds.Rules and characteristics of the so-called core knowledge in the order usually intude into the other fields through the institutional power.As the order of knowledge is usually an interesting and indirect refelection of the social order,the vicissitudes of the social powers will be revealled investigating the shift of core knowledge.Since 1960s',cross-disciplinary studies have become an obvious academic trend,out of which it is probable to form a new order of knowledge that refuses any core knowledge by foregrounding the interactions between different fields of knowledge.To some degree,it means that intellectuals have given the monopoly power a radical critique.


1. HELMER OM: The renin-angiotensin system and its relation to hypertension. Progr Cardiovasc Dis 8: 117, 1965 2. JOSE A, CROUT JR, KAPLAN NM: Suppressed plasma renin activity in essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 72: 9, 1970 3. FINNERTY FA: Editorial: Hypertension is different in blacks. JAMA 216: 1634, 1971 4. BOYLE E: Biological patterns in hypertension by race, sex, body weight and skin color. JAMA 213: 1637, 1970


Adult stem cells play a critical role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and prevention of aging. While the regenerative potential of stem cells with low cellular turnover, such as adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs), is increasingly recognized, the study of chronological aging in ASCs is technically difficult and remains poorly understood. Here, we use our model of chronological aging in primary human ASCs to examine genome‐wide transcriptional networks. We demonstrate first that the transcriptome of aging ASCs is distinctly more stable than that of age‐matched fibroblasts, and further, that age‐dependent modifications in cell cycle progression and translation initiation specifically characterize aging ASCs in conjunction with increased nascent protein synthesis and a distinctly shortened G1 phase. Our results reveal novel chronological aging mechanisms in ASCs that are inherently different from differentiated cells and that may reflect an organismal attempt to meet the increased demands of tissue and organ homeostasis during aging. Stem Cells 2017;35:1392–1401


For improving the yield and quality in azeotropic crystallization process of penicillinG three measures were applianced: (1)increasing the distillation rate before coming out crystal;(2) subsection controlling the milling rate;(3)changing the manner of adding solvent.The product yield was raised 1.0% and its quality was improved.


The low frequency, low amplitude biomedical signals which created a tremendous demand amongst clinicians and neuroscience researchers are to be amplified in the range of millihertz to kilohertz by rejecting the dc offsets. This research article presents a Bio Signal OTA (Bio-OTA) with 76dB gain, 828nV/ 16Hz"> noise and 390nW power is designed in 90nm CMOS process and also a brief survey on the different types of OTAs used for neuro recording applications is discussed. The Wilson current mirror is used to design 1volt Bio-OTA. The Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is obtained as 75dB, power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is above 88dB and gain bandwidth product (GBW) is 223MHz.


Scientific evidence clearly indicates that the earth is warming and that this warming is already affecting our climate. This global warming is due largely to human activity, which is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and methane. According to climatologists, changing human energy-consumption behaviors now appears to be the best, and probably the only possible option, given the urgency of the situation. However, changing human energy-consumption behaviors is not easy. Psychological studies have identified general psychological barriers that limit or hinder these behavior changes (limited cognition, ideologies, comparison with other people, perceived risk...), and it has proposed different kinds of interventions (e.g., information, feedback, social motives, financial incentives...). However, it is clear that psychologists must work with other scientists in order to find better solutions for changing behaviors. Scientists from the human-computer interaction (hci) field have also been concerned by climate change and have developed different approaches to reducing energy and material consumption. Principles such as linking invention and disposal, promoting renewal and reuse, quality and equality, de-coupling ownership and identity, and using natural models and reflection have been proposed to reduce the consumption of both energy and resources while developing software and hardware. In addition to those technology-centered principles, two other principles have been proposed: making people aware of their energy consumption and persuading people to change their consumption behaviors. Making people aware of their energy consumption has been facilitated by ambient awareness systems (devices and physical systems, visualizations...) and by attitude and behavior changes through persuasive technologies. Although scientists in this field have been creative, the impact of their propositions has seldom been evaluated. This paper briefly reviews the topics listed above, discusses some issues, and proposes some research avenues.


In the recent editorial by the editor-in-chief of the CMAJ, [1][1] the language used, even if it is prefaced by "to be blunt," is out of place. To say "This is not mere semantics — to be blunt, the physician must ask another health care provider to consider killing their patient" is to use


Plain site type district and hill site type district are classified in the major introduction districts in Sichuan based on physiognomy. Principal component analysis is used in both districts to find out dominant factors, and 7 group of site types are classified by using soil texture, slope gradient and slope position. In every group of site type, by using cluster analysis, 17 site types are classified based on the dominate factors of soil's physical and chemical properties and by using site index, these 17 site types are divided into 3 types of productivity grades.


Sleep disturbances deteriorate immune function by not only affecting pro-inflammatory pathways, but also inflammatory resolution pathways, which actively terminate inflammation. It is assumed that slow wave sleep (SWS) amount and slow wave activity (SWA) convey the immune-supportive functions of sleep. We investigated whether changes in SWS induced by experimental sleep disturbance followed by recovery sleep predict changes in inflammatory resolution mediators.

 The randomized controlled within-subjects trial (N=24, 20-42 years, 12 women) consisted of two 19-day in-hospital protocols (experimental sleep disturbance/control). After three nights of baseline sleep (8h/night), participants in the experimental sleep disturbance condition were exposed to three cycles of three nights of disturbed sleep (delayed sleep-onset, hourly sleep disruption, advanced sleep-offset) followed by one night of 8h-recovery sleep. The protocol ended with three nights of recovery sleep. In the control condition, participants had uninterrupted sleep (8h/night). Sleep (PSG) and resolvin lipid mediators in plasma (1100h, LC-MS/MS) were assessed at baseline, during the last cycle of sleep disturbance, and during/after the first and third night of final recovery sleep. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models and Pearson/Spearman correlations.

 As expected, SWS amount decreased during experimental sleep disturbance and increased during the first recovery sleep night (p<.001). Similarly, resolvin (Rv) D2 and RvD3 decreased during sleep disturbance and RvD2 increased with subsequent recovery sleep (p<.001). The SWS response did not correlate with the resolvin response to sleep disturbance or to recovery sleep. However, the NREM sleep response correlated with the resolvin response during the third recovery sleep night, i.e., a greater NREM response was associated with a greater RvD2 and RvD3 response (r=.68, p=.002; r=.58, p=.012). In contrast, a greater REM sleep response was associated with a lower resolvin response (r=−.63, p=.005; r=−.66, p=.003).

 These data suggest that during recovery from sleep disturbance, NREM rather than REM sleep promotes inflammatory resolution, thereby acting as the sleep state that protects against low-grade systemic inflammation, which has been frequently observed as a consequence of sleep disturbances. Analysis whether SWA is related to inflammatory resolution is in progress.

 NIH/NINDS R01-NS091177; NIH/NCRR UL1-RR02758, M01-RR01032; German Research Foundation (DFG) EN1291/1-1.


Mud crab is fishery commodity that has high economic value and rich of nutritional aspect such as essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. In addition, high concentrations of heavy metals in the natural habitat of crabs can accumulate in these organisms which can endanger health if consumed. However, there is little information regarding the nutritional and heavy metal content of meat and byproducts in mud crab. The objective of the study are to compare the beneficial component of the meat and byproduct of Scylla paramamosain and to investigate food safety from heavy metal contamination. Proximate, vitamin A, D, and E content were analyzed using HPLC, vitamin B1, B2, C, and amino acid profile was determined by using UPLC, vitamin B12 was determined by LC-MS, mineral and heavy metal were determined by standard method of AOAC. In addition, the determination of fatty acid was analyzed by gas chromatography. Result showed that protein per gram as the majority content of each form (10.24% in crab meat and 12.47% in byproduct). Vitamin B2, B12, and E were detected in sample. On contrary, heavy metals examined in this study were not detected. L-Glutamic acid was the most abundant of amino acids composition (11037.79 mg/kg of crab meat and 15993.22 mg/kg of byproduct), while omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-9 fatty acids are also contained in this species. The result showed Scylla paramamosain as source of beneficial food and safe to consume.


In 2013, Öksüzer et al. [Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., Doi: 10.1002/mma.3705] defined the Bézier variant of an operator involving Laguerre polynomials of degree k and studied the rate of convergence of these operators. In the present paper, our aim is to study the degree of approximation of these operators by means of the first order Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness and also obtain a quantitative Voronovskaja type theorem and the error in the approximation of functions having derivatives of bounded variation.


ABSTRACT In a novel continuous speaking-listening paradigm, we explored how speech planning was affected by concurrent listening. In Experiment 1, Dutch speakers named pictures with high versus low name agreement while ignoring Dutch speech, Chinese speech, or eight-talker babble. Both name agreement and type of auditory input influenced response timing and chunking, suggesting that representational similarity impacts lexical selection and the scope of advance planning in utterance generation. In Experiment 2, Dutch speakers named pictures with high or low name agreement while either ignoring Dutch words, or attending to them for a later memory test. Both name agreement and attention demand influenced response timing and chunking, suggesting that attention demand impacts lexical selection and the planned utterance units in each response. The study indicates that representational similarity and attention demand play important roles in linguistic dual-task interference, and the interference can be managed by adapting when and how to plan speech.


A comparative study of four kinds of moisturizers (cream base, 10% urea cream, 5% lactic acid cream, pH5-Eucerin lotion) for their hygroscopicity and water-holding capacities as measured by a skin surface hygrometer showed that all agents could improve the water content of the skin surface. The most effective agent was Eucerit, a lanolin alcohol-containing agent, and the second was a urea-containing agent. The Eucerit-containing agent also showed high stability according to the water-holding capacity patterns observed after five minutes and three hours


We developed an adhesive bonding process to integrate silicon nanomembranes onto silicon chips. A grating-coupled 1-to-32 H-tree optical distribution is experimentally demonstrated with an excess loss of 2.2 dB and a uniformity of 0.72 dB.


Editor, W e read with interest Belfort and colleagues' clinicopathological report on a case of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, published in Acta Ophthalmologica (Belfort et al. 2008). The authors describe the histopathological findings of an enucleated globe of a 66-year-old immunosuppressed man with severe bilateral posterior uveitis that had progressed despite antiviral therapy for presumed cytomegalovirus retinitis. This article illustrated well the role of histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry in establishing definitively the aetiology in these challenging cases. However some of the authors' histopathological observations deserve further comments. The authors stated that, in addition to the necrotizing retinitis and the granulomatous inflammation of the choroid, 'necrosis of Bruch's membrane' might be a distinctive feature of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. However, histopathologically such a term is a misnomer. Necrosis is the morphological expression of cell death and is characterized by protein denaturation, loss of energy producing mechanisms, enzymatic cellular digestion and often a secondary inflammatory response (Spencer 1996). Being essentially an acellular structure, made up of the basement membranes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and of the choriocapillaris in each side, and of a core elastic layer surrounded by two collagenous zones (Garron 1963), Bruch's membrane may undergo secondary pathological changes but not necrosis, and this term should be avoided. The secondary changes in Bruch's membrane reflect the involvement of RPE and ⁄or of choriocapillaris endothelium. RPE necrosis is shown nicely in their Fig. 1E (Belfort et al. 2008), and has been recognized not only in cases of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (Rao & Font 1977) but also in other necrotizing retinites secondary to mycobacteria, fungi, viruses and even in primary retinal lymphoma (Spencer 1996; Rao et al. 2006). Finally, according to the authors, the involvement and eventual disruption of Bruch's membrane might justify the occurrence of secondary granulomatous inflammation of the choroid in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Nevertheless this is unlikely, because in many of the entities listed earlier, secondary inflammation of the choroid occurs despite an uninterrupted Bruch's membrane (Spencer 1996). We congratulate Belfort and colleagues on their interesting article, emphasizing the role of histopathology on the aetiological diagnosis of these complex cases.


IN the last few years, removal of the entire stomach has been accomplished with sufficient frequency and success to establish it as a sound procedure in certain cases of neoplastic infiltration of a major part of the stomach. In 1938, Lahey 1 reported 8 cases with 3 deaths. By 1944 Lahey and Marshall 2 were able to report 73 cases, the largest series on record, with an operative mortality of 33 per cent. In 1943 Pack 3 reviewed 278 cases of total gastrectomy for carcinoma and added 20 cases from the Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases. The operative mortality for the entire group was 37.6 per cent; for the cases from the Memorial Hospital it was 30 per cent. DeAmesti 4 called attention to the fact that complete removal of the stomach may be followed by a fairly healthy existence. The reservoir function of the


The present invention provides a data communication apparatus and a control method. The data communication apparatus capable of improving operability in the input authentication information. Authentication unit accepts the input of authentication information when the user logged data communication apparatus, and the accepted authentication information to authenticate the user based. The file specifying unit specifies the authentication input by the user through the transmission destination. The transmission unit transmits the file to the transmission destination input. Destination file registration unit. When the control unit transmits files using the authentication information accepted, the authentication information is prohibited from being registered in the transmission destination registration file; files and when no certification information is transmitted using the input, allowing the transmission destination registration file authentication registration information.


Object of the present invention is to achieve a low-noise, low optical signal transmission system modification using an optical signal transmitter and the optical signal transmitter. An optical signal transmitter according to the present invention includes: allocating a plurality of electrical signal, the FM frequency modulating means and outputs each of the plurality of assigned electrical signal; a plurality of multiplexed signals output from the plurality of frequency modulating means and outputs the multiplexing means , a plurality of frequency modulation means sets the frequency shift amount and IF substantially equal, and the respective phase output is substantially the same.


INTRODUCTION: Point-Of-Care (POC) and home care systems are of growing importance in biotechnological and medical applications [1]. These devices allow health monitoring directly at home or at the doctor's office. Portability, low-cost, easy handling and compatibility with telemedicine are some of their main advantages. These requirements favor capillary solutions which are usually compact, easily fabricated and highly portable. In such systems the knowledge of the flow dynamics is very important to handle properly the samples. The dynamic of capillary flow have been studied since the 1920s for cylindrical channels [2]. Studies dealing with non-cylindrical uniform geometries [3] have recently been done still for Newtonian flow. However biological fluids —such as blood—often show nonNewtonian characteristics and modern devices have complex geometries. It is investigated here how COMSOL Multiphysics® software can contribute to the understanding and development of capillary flows in biotechnology and medicine. USE OF COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS: COMSOL Multiphysics is used with the laminar 2-phase flow level set method available in the Microfluidics Module. The wetted wall condition is used to provide the capillary motion while the inlet and outlet condition are set to a pressure of 0 (corresponding to spontaneous capillary flow conditions). Two approaches are used to analyze the results: Either we integrate the level set variable along a line, which gives the position of the interface, either we average the velocity field along the initial interface, which gives the average velocity of the flow. RESULTS: Simulations with COMSOL have been used to simulate the dynamic of the spontaneous capillary filling of different microchannels. First, a square root dependency of the penetration distance according to time is found (Figure 1), in agreement with the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law. However the velocities obtained with the COMSOL simulations are ~1.5 to 2 times higher than the ones predicted by the theory. To optimize these results, the implementation of the dynamic contact angle is currently under investigation. Second, we have used COMSOL to simulate a non-uniform geometry consisting of narrow and large segments alternately (Figure 2a). As predicted by the theory, the velocity increases when the advancing interface passes through a narrow segment, and decreases within the larger segments (Figure 2b). On the other hand, geometry effects such as stop valves, resulting from a pinning phenomenon, have also been simulated with COMSOL (Figure 3). Finally, 3D simulations of capillary flow with COMSOL show the formation of capillary Concus-Finn filaments [4] in situations where such filaments are predicted by the theory, i.e. in sharp corners for small contact angles. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion we have shown that the Microfluidics Module of COMSOL Multiphysics can contribute to the understanding of capillary flows in a qualitative manner for uniform and nonuniform channels, and to the prediction of the effect of geometry on capillary flows. In addition, by working on the dynamic contact angle, efforts are made to obtain better quantitative results for the velocities and avoid an overshoot. Reference 1. E.K. Sackmann et al, The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research, Nature, 507, 181-189, (2014) 2. E.W. Washburn, The dynamics of capillary flow, Phys. Rev., 17, 273-283 (1921) 3. J. Berthier et al, A generalization of the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal law to composite microchannels of arbitrary cross-section, Microfluid. Nanofluid., In press. 4. Paul Concus et al, On the behavior of a capillary surface in a wedge, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 63, 292–299 (1969). Figures used in the abstract


This paper investigates dynamic patterns in the relationship between eligibility and participation in the AFDC and food stamp programs, using monthly longitudinal data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. The results indicate that the majority of eligibility spells are relatively short, do not result in program participation, and end with increases in income. Participation is most likely to occur among women with lower current and future earning opportunities, and is also affected by locational and policy parameters. Those who elect to participate in these programs tend to start receiving benefits almost immediately upon becoming eligible. with little evidence of delayed program entry. A substantial number of women exit these programs before their eligibility ends; among at least some of these women it seems likely that there are unreported changes in income occurring. In 1989, if all eligible single-parents families had participated in AFDC and food stamps, benefit payments would have been $13.5 billion higher.


This position paper presents an on-goingwork on a natural language generationframework that is particularly tailored fornatural language generation from bodyarea networks. We present an overview of ...


Analysing each layer's thermal resistance along the thermal transfer channel is a crucial initial step towards enhancing packaging and thermal reliability. Popular techniques for doing non-destructive analyses of material assembly structures are structural functions. We suggest a unique assessment technique to calibrate the structural functions in this work. The unique technique has practical physical importance in addition to the functions of the structure and may be applied as feedback to create a closed loop system. Additionally, structural functions with various configuration settings examine a 3D simulation temperature drop curve and calibrate it using an evaluation approach.


Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic confidence of multiphase computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) after administration of gadolinium–ethoxybenzyl–diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in the diagnosis of malignant–benign neoplasm of the liver in operators with different levels of experience. Materials and methods Forty patients underwent multiphase CT and MR after administration of Gd-EOB-DTPA. All exams were evaluated by two experienced observers independently; they rated their diagnostic confidence on a five-degree scale: 1 (certainly benign), 2 (probably benign), 3 (uncertain), 4 (probably malignant) and 5 (certainly malignant). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were carried out for each observer and their difference was tested according to the different methodologies used. Results In our population, there were 15 malignant neoplasms and 25 benign neoplasms. For the CT analysis, AUC was 0.792 [SE=0.088; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.634–0.903] and 0.701 (SE=0.099; 95% CI 0.535–0.835) for observers 1 and 2, respectively, whereas for the MR analysis, AUC was 0.923 (SE=0.058; 95% CI 0.793–0.983) and 0.934 (SE=0.054; 95% CI 0.808–0.987). For both observers, a statistically significant difference was found in diagnostic confidence between the AUC of CT and MR (P<0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that, for expert and intermediate experience observers, the diagnostic confidence using MR with Gd-EOB-DTPA is statistically significantly superior to CT with a multiphase technique.


This paper aims to investigate the practices and acts of citizenship of Lebanese young adults in binational families not holding the Lebanese citizenship. Having a Lebanese mother and a non-Lebanese father, the interviewed young adults do not have the possibility to get the Lebanese citizenship because of the patrilineal citizenship law. Using the concept of performative and affective citizenship, my claim is that these young adults perform their Lebanese citizenship by political and social activism for a more inclusive citizenship law, by finding coping strategies to exercise basic human rights and by feeling Lebanese and stating their right to be legally Lebanese.


High levels of atmospheric concentration of PM2.5 (particulate matters less than 2.5 μm in size) are one of the most urgent societal issues over the East Asian countries. Air quality models have been used as an essential tool to predict spatial and temporal distribution of the PM2.5 and to support relevant policy making. This study aims to investigate the performance of high-fidelity air quality models in simulating surface PM2.5 chemical composition over the East Asia region in terms of a prediction consistency, which is a prerequisite for accurate air quality forecasts and reliable policy decision. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry) and WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting/Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system) models were selected and uniquely configured for a one-month simulation by controlling surface emissions and meteorological processes (model options) to investigate the prediction consistency focusing the analyses on the effects of meteorological and chemical processes. The results showed that the surface PM2.5 chemical components simulated by both the models had significant inconsistencies over East Asia ranging fractional differences of 53% ± 30% despite the differences in emissions and meteorological fields were minimal. The models' large inconsistencies in the surface PM2.5 concentration were attributed to the significant differences in each model's chemical responses to the meteorological variables, which were identified from the multiple linear regression analyses. Our findings suggest that the significant models' prediction inconsistencies should be considered with a great caution in the PM2.5 forecasts and policy support over the East Asian region.


Background: Necrotising Stomatitis is an uncommon oral infection associated with diminished systemic resistance (immunocompromised state) including HIV infection. Significant predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, unusual life stress, recent illness (e.g. Measles), malnutrition, smoking and even inade- quate sleep. It occurs commonly in developing na-tions with poor living conditions. Objective: To present a case of severe Necrotising Stomatitis in a previously undiagnosed HIV Seropositive patient. Patient and method: This case report describes severe, rapidly spreading necrotising stomatitis in a 35 years old lady, the condition which led to her being diagnosed with HIV. The treatment modalities, challenges of man-agement and the differential diagnosis were discussed. Result: During the course of her management, pa-tient's oral condition improved. However, later re-currence was seen due to severe anaemia caused by malnutrition and aggravated by Zidovudine antiret-roviral drug. Conclusions: There is need for interdis-ciplinary interactions between the dentists and the physicians managing HIV patients, to allow effective management and afford patient the best treatment.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that causes a range of social communication and behavioral impairments. ASD typically manifests in young children, often with developmental delay or intellectual disabilities (DD/ID) as comorbidities. Accruing evidence indicates that ASD is highly heritable and genomewide studies on ASD cohorts have defined numerous genetic contributors. Notably, most of these studies have been performed with individuals of European and Hispanic ancestry and thus there is a paucity of genetic analyses of ASD in the East Asian population. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 772 ASD trios from China, combining with a previous study of 369 Chinese ASD trios, to identify de novo variants in a total of 1141 ASD trios. We found that ASD probands without DD/ID carried less disruptive de novo variants, including protein-truncating and missense variants, than ASD with DD/ID. Surprisingly, we showed that expression of genes with de novo variants found in ASD probands without DD/ID were enriched in a specific group of neural progenitor cells, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying high-functioning autism. Importantly, some ASD risk genes from this study are not present in the current ASD gene database, suggesting that there are novel genetic contributors to ASD in East Asian populations. We validated one such novel ASD risk gene – SLC35G1 by showing that mice harboring heterozygous deletion of Slc35g1 exhibited defects in social interaction behaviors. Together, this work nominates novel ASD risk genes and indicates that ASD genetic studies in different geographic populations are essential to reveal the comprehensive genetic architecture of ASD.


Niche is proposed as the quantitative indicator of land resource optimal allocation, and the land use niches are designed including natural niche, social niche, economic niche and synthesis niche, meanwhile the methods of quantitative survey are worked out. The model of land resource optimal allocation model is constructed based on the land use niches. Then a case study is implemented by taken Huangpi district Wuhan city as the test region, where the procedure of land resource optimal allocation is discussed, which results demonstrate the validity of the model.


This article investigates the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and the provision of nonprofit services for census block groups in Dallas County, Texas. We find that the number of health, education, and social service nonprofits in a given area is positively influenced by block group income, age, percentage minority, and racial heterogeneity, and negatively influenced by income heterogeneity and age heterogeneity. On further examination, we find a complex pattern of relationships between income and age and number of providers that suggests researchers should exercise caution when using these variables. Also, in all of our results the effects of the demographic variables are by far the strongest for nonprofits within one mile of the block group centroid; they weaken as they get farther from the centroid. This shows that nonprofits are most heavily influenced by the characteristics of the neighborhoods directly around them.


Properly citing academic publications that describe software libraries and algorithms is the way that open source scientific library users "pay" to use the free software. With large multifaceted libraries and applications that use several such libraries, even the conscientious user ends up citing publications in error or missing relevant publications. Some open source developers list appropriate citations on their website or in their documentation. Based on a recent addition to the PETSc numerical software libraries, we suggest an alternative model where the library itself generates the bibtex items based on exactly what algorithms and portions of the code are used in the application. The PETSc numerical libraries [1, 2, 6] implement hundreds of published algorithms and can use over 50 optional external software packages. When users publish results based on a simulation involving PETSc, how do they know what papers they should cite as relevant


With the advancement of telecommunication technologies, wireless networking has become ubiquitous owing to the great demand for pervasive mobile applications. The convergence of computing, communications, and media will allow users to communicate with each other and access any content at anytime, anywhere. The future, beyond 5G wireless networks, will support various services such as high-speed access, augmented reality, smart transportation, video conferencing, real-time Internet games, Internet of Things services, smart homes, automated highways, and disaster relief. However, many technical challenges remain to be addressed to make this wireless vision a reality. One prominent issue is devising distributed, self-organizing, and dynamic algorithms for optimizing the performance of the network over time-varying channels and within dense and heterogeneous environments. Examples of such environments in future wireless networks are abundant and they range from dense deployments of small cell networks to massive Internet of Things systems. Therefore, to support tomorrow's wireless services, it is essential to develop efficient mechanisms that provide an optimal cost–resource– performance tradeoff and that constitute the basis for next generation ubiquitous and self-organizing wireless networks. Game theory provides a formal framework with a set of mathematical tools to study the complex interactions among interdependent rational players. For more than a half century, it has led to revolutionary developments in economics and has found important applications in a multitude of disciplines, such as politics, sociology, psychology, and transportation. More recently, there has been a surge in research activities that employ game theory to model and analyze wireless communication systems. Combining game theory with the design of efficient distributed algorithms for emerging wireless networks is desirable and challenging. On the one hand, in a large-scale wireless network, devices will be inherently selfish as they seek to optimize individual qualityof-service (QoS) metrics. For instance, distributed mobile devices tend to maximize their own performance, regardless of how this maximization affects the other users in the network, subsequently giving rise to competing scenarios. Such interdependence and selfishness become more pronounced in large-scale and dense systems such as the Internet of Things or small cell networks. On the other hand, in many practical networking scenarios, cooperation is required among wireless network users for performance enhancement. These situations recently motivated researchers and engineers to adopt


Terra Preta Sanitation (TPS) is a resources oriented, integrated waste management concept that offers a better solution to some of the most pressing environmental challenges that humanity is facing today including: poor sanitation, soil depletion, food insecurity, and climate change. The concept emphasizes on conversion of excreta and bio-waste to a long-lasting, fertile, black earth. As the concept is built on simple processes of fermentation and composting, it makes it attractive to many parts of the world, especially low-income countries. However, one of the factors determining large-scale implementation of TPS, in any location, is the availability of precursors of Terra Preta as: human urine, faeces, biomass waste, manure, bones, biochar, & process organisms. Moreover, a well-organized scheme for sanitation supply chain management is crucial. This paper addresses the question of availability of such precursors and organizational capacity in terms of sanitation supply chain management in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Accordingly, it was found out that the precursors are available in varying degree. While human excrement and bio-waste are readily available, charcoal is found to be the limiting factor. About 94% of the total solid waste generated in the town is found to be bio-waste. Biochar from bio-waste is suggested to overcome the limitation with biochar. Fermentation and composting processes are very well understood locally owing to traditional practices. Two small and micro enterprises (SMEs) are active in the local sanitation supply chain management, paving the way for large scale implementation of TPS.


VCE results impact upon students' career and study choices. In this thesis, situational and dispositional variables were assessed pre and during VCE as indicators of students' grades. A complex interplay of variables was present, but it was students' self-beliefs and their goals, within the competitiveness of VCE, that best predicted performance.


Abstract : Human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) was expressed in Escherichia coli under regulation of the constitutive deo promoter or the thermoinducible lambda P sub L promoter. To facilitate the expression in the prokaryotic system, the recombinant human AChE (rhAChE) cDNA was modified at the N-terminus, by site- directed mutagenesis, in order to replace some of the guanisine and cytosine (GC)-rich regions by adenine thimidine (AT). These modifications did not alter the amino acid sequence but resulted in ample production of the protein. rhAChE accumulated in the cells and reached a level of 10% of total bacterial proteins. A partially purified inactive recombinant protein was recovered from inclusion bodies. Active rhAChE was obtained after solubilization, folding and oxidation; however, the overall yield of the active enzyme was low. A 20- to 40-fold increase in the process yield of active rhAChE activity was achieved by replacing Cys(580) by Ser. Substrate specificity and inhibitor selectivity of the recombinant mutant enzyme harboring Ser at amino acid number 580 were indistinguishable from those of the native AChE isolated from human erythrocytes.


The antibody levels against PPV,PRV,PRRS,PCV and APP were surveyed by serological methods in partial pig breeding farms,large scale farms and countryside individual farmers of Guiyang district.No PPV antibody was observed in pig herds by latex agglutination test.The positive rates of PCV and PRRS were 14% and 0.62% respectively by indirect ELISA.The gpI antibody against PRV has been detected by competitive ELISA,accounting for 19.14%.Meanwhile the positive rate of APP antibody also reached 19.14% by indirect hemoagglutination assay.It seemed that the PPV and PRRS were not the main reasons for pig reproductive disturbance,more attention should be paid to PRV and APP,because the antibody levels were higher in non-vaccinated pig herds of Guiyang district.


Here we report the solid-state experimental and computational analysis of naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (1) and naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]selenadiazole (2) showing that the three different crystal ph...


Groups are generally considered to be more effective as compared to single individuals. The practical implementation of Operation Research methods in group negotiations needs simple contexts and clear cause-and-effect relationships easily discernible by everyone. This paper proposes a multi-criteria group decision-making approach allowing decision makers/experts involved in a negotiation process to better express and defend their preferences in the selection of the best alternative. In the proposed approach, the most appropriate alternative is the alternative with the largest number of appearances in the first position or in ranking lists, or the one determined based on negotiations of decision makers/experts. The proposed ARCAS approach is based on the use of the ARAS method, a new normalization procedure, and the SWARA method. In the proposed approach, each decision maker/expert involved in evaluation has an opportunity to set the preferred level of rating for each criterion used in such evaluation. Finally, a case study is presented in order to highlight the proposed approach. The obtained results confirm the usability and efficiency of the proposed approach.


One of the essential components of vehicle navigation systems is route planning. The single shortest path problem and multiple shortest path problem have been widely studied for route planning. This paper introduces a Q‐value‐based dynamic programming using the division concept for solving both single and multiple shortest path problems on road networks. The proposed algorithm divides the whole network into different divisions, and the updating of Q values in each division is one stage for searching the optimal routes on road networks. The proposed algorithm can greatly save the computational time without any preprocessing on the road networks. The proposed algorithm is also systematically studied in various sizes of road networks. The simulation results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on large‐scale road networks. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


To cope with the exponential growth of the communication network traffic demand, programmable optical wavelength selective switches (WSS) with large bandwidth, speed, and flexibility have become key elements in optical Datacom and Telecom networks. The proposed WSS structure involves the co-integration of active and passive components on-chip. The optical signal power is distributed to multiple wavelength blockers (WBL) via an optical power splitter. WBLs consist of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based interleaver to separate the input WDM channels and an array of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) which act as both optical gates and gain elements in order to achieve lossless operation. The arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) function as multiplexers and de-multiplexers in the WBL structure. In this work, the system performance of the 1×8 WSS architectures has been numerically investigated. To this end, we have assumed 64-λ WDM input signal with 12.5 GHz spectral spacing and analyzed the WSS performance by studying the steady-state impulse response of hybrid time and frequency domain simulation.


In order to accelerate resource transformation and biological degradation efficiency of wheat straw,a cellulose-degrading microflora(designated as WDC2) capable of effectively degrading wheat straw was enriched from wheat straw composting materials successfully.The results revealed that wheat straw was utilized as a sole carbon and energy source by microflora WDC2 in the medium PCS.The degradation rate of wheat straw was 64.47% after 15 days cultivation at 60℃ with a weight loss of cellulose(44.7%),hemicellulose(13.61%) and lignin(3.85%) separately.During 15 days cultivation,the initial pH value was 8.3 that decreased sharply,the minimum pH value(pH 6.6) was observed after 60 hours cultivation,and then the pH value climbed back and corresponded closely to the initial pH value.The cellulose-degrading efficiency(CMCase) of microflora WDC2 to wheat straw increased continuously with the decomposition of wheat straw,CMCase was 0.372 U/mL at the fifteenth day of cultivation.Metabolites of different cultivation stages were determined by GC-MS,and the analysis results indicated that nine kinds of organic acid metabolites(ethanol,acetic acid,1,2-ethanediol,propanoic acid,2-methyl-propanoic acid,butanoic acid,3-methyl-butanoic acid,2-methyl-butanoic and glycerin) were detected during the cultivation process.Except ethanol,other metabolites had a relatively high production from the period of the seventh day to the fifteenth day cultivation,but ethanol only appeared at the first day cultivation,and then disappeared during the following cultivation.The analysis of microflora construction of WDC2 showed that WDC2 was composed primarily of 11 kinds of bacteria,the most were unculturable strains that had different functions.Among them,strain CTL-6 isolated from WDC2 was an anaerobic bacterium that had an efficient cellulose degradation capability in microflora WDC2 known today.