This paper aims to provide a descriptive vision in the recent history of the information professionals in Basque Country, analyzes the main events of the recent history of the profession and the factors that produced the most remarkable changes.


Based on literature review and questionnaire investigation,this paper applied the marketing and brand theory to analyze the existing manner,form and advantage of the Chinese Sports Delegation(CSD),and hoped to create a management model according as the market preponderant brand in order to realize the goal of the Chinese Sports Orgnizations(CSD) for their harmony and equilibrium development between economy benefit and society benefit.


Desktop as a Service is an idea that has taken root in enterprises today, but has not reached consumers. In order to show this, a proof of concept lab was constructed. The proof of concept lab that the authors devised shows that this idea is viable. The lab uses a virtual desktop infrastructure environment. The environment uses VMWare's View solution on top of their hypervisor and virtualization management server. These solutions provide the backbone of the environment that is used to access desktops from mobile devices anywhere and anytime. The desktops provided are persistent which allows users to keep their settings and data in a single location.


A systematic ab initio study is performed on the ground state static dipole polarizabilities of the 2S+1S, S>1/2, atoms from N to Bi, Cr, Mo, Mn, Tc and Re. The benchmark scalar-relativistic values of the scalar polarizability components are obtained using the coupled cluster method. The spin–orbit configuration interaction calculations are carried out for the anisotropic (tensor) polarizability components of these atoms (except Mn and Tc) that arise from the second-order spin–orbit interaction. The tensor polarizabilities are calculated for the first time and found to increase from 10−5 (N) to 3.8 atomic units (Bi) approximately as the fourth power of the nuclear charge. The simple correlations and implication to magnetic trapping of cold atoms are discussed.


Carbon emissions reduction is one of the key drivers for new developments in the automotive industry. Manufacturers and their development partners are working on multiple solutions to realize improvements – reducing aerodynamic drag, enabling electrification or using alternative fuels. In addition, most automakers say that models coming to the market after 2021 will need to be significantly lighter, up to a few hundred kilograms per car.


This paper aims at explaining why the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) might play a key role in building a more coherent legal framework intended to face the several legal challenges that are likely to emerge from recent measures adopted at European and national levels regarding the consistent involvement of private third parties in the direct taxation process. These measures, wished-for combat against tax fraud and facing the 'permanent' economic crisis, are aimed either to collect and exchange taxpayers' data from new sources (i.e., at EU level Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC6, 7 and 8)) or to facilitate 'tax just happening' and pave the way for the implementation of a Tax Administration 3.0 model, as suggested by the OECD's Forum on Tax Administration (FTA) (e.g., at national level the involvement of digital platforms as withholder or joint liable person). Currently, while the analysis of the involvement of digital platforms in the indirect taxation process is fast growing, less attention is devoted to the potentialities and risks deriving from their involvement as third parties in the direct taxation process. Therefore, starting from a recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (SS SIA, C-175/20) and the stimulating opinion raised by the Advocate General, the present paper contributes to open a debate to fill this literature gap on a topic that is proving crucial from both a scientific and societal perspectives.This paper aims at explaining why the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) might play a key role in building a more coherent legal framework intended to face the several legal challenges that are likely to emerge from recent measures adopted at European and national levels regarding the consistent involvement of private third parties in the direct taxation process. These measures, wished-for combat against tax fraud and facing the 'permanent' economic crisis, are aimed either to collect and exchange taxpayers' data from new sources (i.e., at EU level Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC6, 7 and 8)) or to facilitate 'tax just happening' and pave the way for the implementation of a Tax Administration 3.0 model, as suggested by the OECD's Forum on Tax Administration (FTA) (e.g., at national level the involvement of digital platforms as withholder or joint liable person). Currently, while the analysis of the involvement of digital platforms in the indirect taxation process is fast growing, less attention is devoted to the potentialities and risks deriving from their involvement as third parties in the direct taxation process. Therefore, starting from a recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (SS SIA, C-175/20) and the stimulating opinion raised by the Advocate General, the present paper contributes to open a debate to fill this literature gap on a topic that is proving crucial from both a scientific and societal perspectives.
CJEU, Advocate General opinion, third parties, GDPR, DAC 6, DAC 7, proportionality principle, purpose limitation principle, data minimization principle, taxpayers' data protection


Light and growth.-VOGT'9 has shown that the effect of light upon the growth rate of the coleoptile of Avena saliva is very complex, in contrast to the older statement that light always inhibits growth. Temporary illumination of sufficient intensity is shortly followed by a considerable decrease, which in turn is immediately followed by a greater and longer enduring increase in growth rate. This increase is due to the action of light alone, and not to the combined action of light and darkness. The initial inhibitory effect of light on growth is not due to increased transpiration, as BLAAUW0 suggests. In sufficient illumination the rate and total amount of growth of this organ is reduced. The greater amount of illumination causes a second inhibitory effect, which greatly exceeds the former acceleration, so that the total effect is a marked reduction in rate and amount of growth. This total effect of light was all that was definitely studied before JACOBI'S20 work in i9ii. In this total effect, like amount of light gives like effect, even within wide variation of the intensity and duration factors. For a given reduction in growth, light intensityXduration of illumination is a constant. This is the quantity of stimulus law which has been shown to have rather general application in growth and movement stimuli in plants. It seems then that there are three effects of light: inhibition, followed by a greater acceleration upon temporary illumination, and a second inhibition largely determining the total effect in long or enduring illumination of sufficient strength. These results tally in general with those of BLAAUW on sporangiophores of Phycomyces, except that BLAAUw has not found important the initial inhibitory effect of light. While all the work of JACOBI, BLAAUW, and VOGT will greatly modify the statements current in our texts, there is one set of experiments by VOGT which is especially interesting in this respect. When the organ was alternately illuminated (ioo M.K. or less) and darkened in I , 30, or 6o-minute periods, the illuminated periods gave less growth only in the 3o and 6o-minute periods, and not in the Is-minute periods. In the longer periods, VOGT has shown that the greater growth in darkness is due largely to the stimulation effect of the previous illumination, and the slower growth in light is not due in the main to inhibitory effect of light. This quite reverses the former interpretation given to such results. Red light acts as very weak diffuse light. This tallies with the known existence in the red of photo-stimulation power. A sudden change of IO-I 20 C. in the temperature has effects very similar to temporary illumination. This leads VOGT to inquire whether the effect of temporary illumination is not due


A traditional advertising deal is paid for in advance and the price is typically based on space and reach. Value-based advertising, as the word implies, means that the advertiser, instead of paying in advance, is paying for the actual value the ad generates. This study illuminates what differentiates value-based advertising deals from traditional advertising. Our findings shows that the most significant differences are the changed relationship between the media company and the advertiser, the media company"s ability to attract new advertisers, advertisers" willingness to pay more and that value-based advertising is considered complex in many aspects. Moreover this study explains what is required to develop value-based advertising further. Those requirements are that media companies have to increase advertisers" knowledge, obtain reference cases and approach senior management instead of marketing managers. If these areas are developed in an accurate way, value-based advertising deals will in the near future become a vital part of advertising.


ABSTRACTY 2 O 3 -SiC composite membrane was dip-coated using Y 2 O 3 sol solution; this membrane was compared with a non- coated one.Each membrane was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET techniques. Hydrogen and CO permeation were tested with self-manufactured Sievert's type equipment. Y 2 O 3 coating was enhanced for the selectivity of the membrane (H 2 versus CO). Thehydrogen permeation was measured at 1 bar with increasing temperatures. In case of the coated membrane, hydrogen perme-ation was found to be 1.24 x 10 -7 mol/m 2 sPa with perm-selectivity of 4.26 at 323 K. Key words : Y 2 O 3 -SiC composite membrane, Dip-coated, Hydrogen and CO permeation 1. Introduction iC is an attractive material due to its durability and itsmechanical and thermo-chemical stability. 1) Transpar-ent poly-crystalline Y 2 O 3 is also a useful material for a vari-ety of applications due to its specific optical, thermal, andchemical properties. Y 2 O 3 has been used in various ceramicseparation membranes as an added dopant material. In con-sideration of the physical and chemical properties of porousinorganic materials, SiC and Y


Introduction: Cervical vagus nerve electrical stimulation (VNS) has been shown to improve functional indices in the setting of heart failure with depressed parasympathetic control. However, the cer...


The attacking of the infrastructure of the computer network is seems to be one of the major problems. The increasing number of the Internet user all over the world comes with the risk that occurs from many network threats. One of the major tools for protecting the network attacking is the intrusion detection system (IDS), which make the system being the first target that will be attacked by the intruder. As we cannot avoid them, the problem is when there is an attack, how does the intrusion detection system survived. In this research, we show the restriction of the present intrusion detection system architecture and propose the new architecture that can handle the attack via the network and survive from it, using the mobile agent technology with the network topology design that hides the main resource of the network behind the intrusion detection system which separates network resource into segments and installs the monitored host onto each of network segment for robustness from all pattern of the attacking. The design avoid the single point of failure, shadow agent, together with proxy agent, fast backup and recovery mechanism, multicast group and the encryption of the communication between all the IDS for the network security.


Energy is one of the essential requirements to alleviate poverty and socioeconomic advancement. Most of the rural area is not under the national grid; therefore, electrification in rural area is the crying need of India. The reserve of fossil fuel is diminishing; also the price of fuel is increasing throughout the world. Environmental pollution is another important issue. Green energy is current demand for the existence of future world. For that reason, reducing carbon emission and meeting energy demands are the main topologies to plan energy systems. As India is an agricultural based country, biomass resources are available here and there is also good prospect of solar energy. The study indicates that off grid hybrid system including PV and biomass system is the most feasible solution in view of the monthly average solar radiation intensity, biomass resource availability of the design location Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. The most cost effective one simulation result gives the lowest COE of $0.277kWh and lowest NPC of $125737 with a renewable fraction of 100% is configured with a 30kW PV, 15 kW Biomass generator, 50 battery and 25 kW converters. This proposed hybrid system is also environment friendly because emission is very less such as carbon dioxide 1.14kg/yr and nitrogen oxides .38kg/yr.


THAT MOST AMERICANS have not yet taken the time to understand their Constitution and the system it created is perhaps evidence of its success. We simply take for granted the freedoms, opportunities, and responsive government that it mandates. But those who take a longer view of history realize that a society can lose even its most cherished liberties if it too long ignores the sources of its freedom. Accordingly, we can best commemorate the Constitution on its 200th anniversary by giving ourselves a history lesson on its origins and meaning. If this bicentennial commemoration succeeds, a large measure of credit will be due the teachers in our schools and universities. Congress has given the Commission on the Bicentennial a fiveyear life span to conduct programs over that entire period. We will direct a larger part of our effort to helping teachers and scholars explain and analyze the Constitution, emphasizing specific themes over each of the five years. This year-1987-is the time to study the history of the framing of that great document-how we got it and why it has worked. Each of the succeeding four years should be devoted to studying different aspects of our constitutional system. In 1988, programs should emphasize the state ratification proceedings and a thoughtful probing of the workings of the legislative


Two phenomena have been widely acknowledged in the market: the increase of environmental and social pressures on business and the increase of the need for cooperation among companies. One aspect that has contributed to their emergence is the need to integrate sustainability innovations to make businesses more competitive. A sector that needs to focus on sustainability is the leather industry of Rio Grande do Sul, since the automotive industry and the European furniture exert pressure on it. The aim of this paper is to describe the internal and external context that the gaucho leather industry is inserted in order to propose some possible solutions for a more sustainable perspective. Three theoretical approaches were used in this study: inter-organizational networks, innovation, and natural capitalism. The methodological approach used is mainly qualitative; a case study was carried out after interviews at BNZ Couros and Tanac, as well as with a professor from the department of chemical engineering and the responsible for the Laboratory for Research on Leather and Environment at UFRGS. After that, we carried out research on the site of Centro das Indústrias de Curtumes do Brasil e Sistema AliceWeb do Ministério de Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior in order to gather second data. The first suggestion is to focus on networks, which will contribute an innovative environment. The second one is to lead the innovation through the perspective of Natural Capitalism, since it indicates which innovations should be developed and helps us understand the stage in which companies are.


Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify Health-related Quality of life among Rana Plaza tragedy survivors in the community. Methodology : Study was conducted through Cross-sectional study design among 50 participants of Rana Plaza survivors who were selected by convenient sampling technique. SF-36 questionnaire was used to conduct the research and data was analysed by SPSS. Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.74 years and SD was 6.963.


A field-dependent critical path method is applied to analyze the grain boundary magnetoresistance effects observed in strong-disorder materials. Magnetotransport properties are calculated by taking into account the variation of conductance distribution with the applied magnetic field. It is found that the nontrivial field dependence of percolation paths due to a broad conductance distribution will diminish the otherwise dramatic magnetoresistance enhancement in strongly disordered systems. Based on the critical path analysis, a strong-disorder limit around 63% is predicted on grain boundary magnetoresistance in the half-metallic case. The theoretical prediction is in good agreement with the results of Monte Carlo simulation.


Abstract : The U.S. Department of Defense is using kerosene fuel in compression ignition engines. This fuel is largely replacing conventional diesel, which has been used for many years. Jet A-1 and JP-8 have a number of advantages compared to diesel fuel. In particular, logistics burden is greatly reduced through the use of a single fuel for both aviation and ground vehicles on the battlefield. However, kerosene based fuels typically have reduced lubricity compared to diesel fuels, potentially reducing injection system durability and vehicle readiness. A range of lubricity additives have been developed for use in low sulfur diesel and are commercially available. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these additives when used in kerosene based fuels. A number of additives were obtained and evaluated using laboratory scale tests. The most effective additive was selected based on these results and tested using a 200 hour procedure with full scale injection equipment. The equipment tests were performed with two additive concentrations in a very severely refined Jet A-1 fuel. The results indicate that the commercially available lubricity additive effectively reduces wear at a concentration of 80 mg/L. A slight additional improvement in lubricity was obtained if additive concentration was increased to 200 mg/L.


We previously showed that 'led by an invisible hand' was physically central in original editions of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations. We suggested that Adam Smith did that deliberately. Three authors commented on our paper, Gavin Kennedy, Ryan Hanley and Craig Smith. In this article we reply to their comments.


It is well known that the classical Fibonacci sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, . . . , Fn,. . . can be used to define the Golden Mean φ as the limit limn→∞ Fn+1 Fn . This limit value is the (positive) solution of the quadratic equation x − x − 1 = 0. To visualize the Fibonacci sequence one uses a nested set of squares and derives a construction of "the" Golden Spiral, a bi-arc spiral consisting of quarter circles. The mentioned procedures easily can be applied to algebraic equations of higher order. To each such an equation it is possible to find a Fibonacci type sequence such that one real solution (if existing) becomes the limit of the quotient of consecutive elements of that sequence. In case of an existing limit value one has therewith an additional way to find solutions of algebraic equations, besides Newton's method and the regula falsi. Mathematics and Informatics courses for high schools mostly deal with algebraic problems, therefore the presented method seems to be well-suited to be introduced into such courses. The paper also reflects the problem of mathematical visualisation. The existing visualisations of Fibonacci sequels are rather standardised and the paper also tries to open up for other and perhaps more adequate visualisations.


Adding grease is an important link in the leather production.By means of adding grease the function of sliding between leather fibers will increase,the feel and physical property of the finished product leather will be greatly improved and meanwhile the rate of leather production will be raised in certain degree.In order to know about different kinds of adding grease agents' actual property,some common adding grease agents are chosen in the experiment.When they are used in the fixed quantity in the same place of Lanpi,we separately carry on the comparison to the different amount used as well as the different adding grease agents and inspect the tensile strength,the stretch strength,the rending strength and the break elongation ratio.The property differences between each kind of adding grease agent are manifested obviously in the experimental results.Using a single adding grease dose can't enable the finished product leather to achieve the operation requirements.According to the experimental results,their physical property has the certain instruction significance to the mixed compounding of these adding grease agents.


Objective: To compare serum cholesterol, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations between type-2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with retinopathy and without retinopathy and to study association between various modifiable risk factors of Diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: The study included 300 patients with type 2 DM; 140 of them were without DR (Group-I) and 160 were with DR (Group-II). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels were determined. SPSS 17.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis Results: Overall, mean age of study population was 48.86 ± 5.62 years. Subjects with DR were older (P < 0.018), had higher fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.01) and higher HbA1c (P <0.01) concentrations compared with those without DR. Analysis of serum cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG among subgroups of patients with no DR, with NPDR and PDR showed statistically significant difference (p <0.01). There was strong positive correlation of severity of DR with BSF, HbA1c, serum LDL-C, total cholesterol and TG. Conclusion: The serum cholesterol, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations were found to be significantly deranged in patients with DR as compared to those without DR.


ULaaDS sets out to offer a new approach to system innovation in urban logistics. Its vision is to develop sustainable and liveable cities through re-localisation of logistics activities and re-configuration of freight flows at different scales. Specifically, ULaaDS will use a combination of innovative technological solutions (vehicles, equipment and infrastructure), new schemes for horizontal collaboration (driven by the sharing economy) and policy measures and interventions as catalysers of a systemic change in urban and peri-urban service infrastructure. This aims to support cities in the path of integrating sustainable and cooperative logistics systems into their sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPs). ULaaDS will deliver a novel framework to support urban logistics planning aligning industry, market and government needs, following an intensive multi-stakeholder collaboration process. This will create favourable conditions for the private sector to adopt sustainable principles for urban logistics, while enhancing cities' adaptive capacity to respond to rapidly changing needs. The project findings will be translated into open decision support tools and guidelines. A consortium led by three municipalities (pilot cities) committed to zero emissions city logistics (Bremen, Mechelen, Groningen) has joined forces with logistics stakeholders, both established and newcomers, as well as leading academic institutions in EU to accelerate the deployment of novel, feasible, shared and ZE solutions addressing major upcoming challenges generated by the rising on-demand economy in future urban logistics. Since large-scale replication and transferability of results is one of the cornerstones of the project, ULaaDS also involves four satellite cities (Rome, Edinburgh, Alba Iulia and Bergen) which will also apply the novel toolkit created in ULaaDS, as well as the overall project methodology to co-create additional ULaaDS solutions relevant to their cities as well as outlines for potential research trials. ULaaDS is a project part of ETP ALICE Liaison program.


Computer programming is a highly cognitive skill. It requires mastery of many domains. But in reality many learners are not able to cope with the mental demands required in learning programming. Thus it leads to rote learning and memorization. There are many reasons for this situation. However one of the main reasons is the nature of the novice learners who experience high cognitive load while learning programming. Given the fact that the novice learners lack well defined schema and the limitation of the working memory, the students could not assimilate the knowledge required for learning. It is to be noted that some learning support in the form of visualization may help in learning programming, as teachers are always reminded that use of visual aids could enhance learning in students. The effect of visualization in learning is not clearly tangible. This paper address this issue by employing NASA TLX rating scale to measure the cognitive load in learning programming using visualizations. The measurement of cognitive load could help to understand the difficulty level of the learners. The learners vary one another in terms of their learning style and capabilities and hence the load experienced during learning programming may differ significantly from one another in a same homogenous group. This paper will propose a model to optimize the instruction to learners based on their background profile and will employ neural network to optimize the instruction by suggesting the best visualization tool for each learner.


We describe a bench top system for digital scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. This system is used for both regular patient screening and experimental imaging studies. The complete set- up is assembled from a number of modules (e.g. launching, detection, scanning, focusing unit) which may be altered readily to offer a high degree of flexibility in the imaging conditions. Both the launching and the detection unit can be used in a simultaneous, multiple channel configuration. This allows the acquisition of true color and false color images of the back of the eye. In particular, the use of infrared lines permits the investigation of deeper retinal structures. Digital image processing methods can then be used to generate differential images of frames taken with different wavelengths, such as red and infrared. Furthermore, the separate detection channels can also be used to obtain recordings in other imaging modes, such as tightly confocal, loosely confocal, indirect or polarization dependent contrast. We discuss the merits and problems of different imaging modes. Cases are presented where the differential imaging shows clear advantages over the standard (monochromatic) confocal method in the perceptibility of deeper laying structures (choriod).


In this article we presented the theoretical view of Socrates' life and his method in teaching. After the biographical facts of Socrates and his life, we explained the method he used in teaching and the two main types of his method, Classic and Modern Socratic Method. Since the core of Socrates' approach is the dialogue as a form of teaching we explained how exactly the Socratic dialogue goes. Besides that, we presented two examples of dialogues that Socrates led, Meno and Gorgias. Socratic circle is also one of the aspects that we presented in this paper. It is the form of seminars that is crucial for group discussions of a given theme. At the end, some disadvantages of the Method are explained. With this paper, the reader can get the conception of this approach of teaching and can use Socrates as an example of how successfull teacher leads his students towards the goal.


The effect of the addition of corn oil,rapeseed oil,soybean oil,methyl oleate,the mixture of rapeseed oil and metyl oleate on the production of spinosad by Saccharopolyspora spinosa LU 104 was studied.The results indicated that the yield of spinosad was increased 2.11-fold up to 804.59 mg/L when adding 3% mixture oil(rapeseed oil∶metyl oleate=1∶2) at 96 h and 1% corn steep liquor at 96 h and 144 h.


Since the late 1980s, students in Colby College's Problems in Environmental Science (PES) course have been conducting studies of lakes and watersheds that surround their campus. Colby is located in central Maine, in the center of the state's lake district (figure 1). The lakes are easily accessible to residents and tourists alike and are estimated to generate over $1.8 billion for the Maine economy each year. Their popularity, however, is contributing to their declining water quality, as housing and road construction have accelerated. A growing number of lakes now experience regular algal blooms resulting from excessive nutrient runoff from surrounding watersheds. This lake degradation has potentially serious implications for water quality as well as for the fishing and recreation sectors of Maine's economy. Professors Russ Cole and David Firmage designed and teach the PES course to provide a common research experience for environmental science majors and to build on previous coursework in Environmental studies: Interdisciplinary research on Maine lakes


This study aimed to evaluate the effect of breed, order and year of parturition on the production of goat milk. We used data from the Agricultural Research Corporation of the RN EMPARN in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, municipality of Cruzeta, recorded during the period of October 2004 to July 2008. The data refer to the lactation of 51 female goats (22 Saneen breed, 11 Alpine Brown, 8 Alpine American, 6 Toggenburg and 4 crossbreed). The goats were of different orders of parturition, 49 animals from the 1. order of parturition, 20 from the 2. , 7 of the 3. and 3 from the 4., with mean production of 1.37 kg of milk per day. There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) of parturition on milk production. The breeds Toggenburg and Alpine Brown had an average production of milk per day higher than the other breeds with medium of 1.64 and 1.51 kg / day versus 1.22, 1.29 and 1.18 kg / days for the crossbreed, Saanen and Alpine American breeds. The year of calving affected significantly (P <0.05) the average milk production, the year 2005 showed an average of 1.60 kg / day higher than the other years that were below 1.37 kg / day.


This paper aims to explore the drilling performance of duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205 under sustainable machining, that is dry, MQL, and LCO2. Furthermore, for the correct choice of process parameters, the Taguchi statistical method is used to create a relationship between input parameters, that is cooling environment, spindle speed ( N), feed rate ( Vf), and responses, that is Ra, and hole deviation. From the ANOVA analysis, it was discovered that for measured Ra and hole deviation, the most effective parameter was the cooling environment. The model for Ra and hole deviation was obtained with a precision of 99.32% and 99.70%, respectively. In addition, a genetic algorithm (GA) was implemented for an optimum combination of process parameters and an optimized value of responses. From GA, it was obtained that the optimum process parameters were an LCO2 cooling environment with a high spindle speed (1120 RPM) and a low feed rate (0.02, 0.04 mm/rev), respectively. Also, the optimized value for Ra and hole deviation is 0.375271 and 0.0207519, respectively.


Understanding the impacts of regional climate change on crop production will benefit strategic decisions for future agricultural adaptation in China. In this study, the climatic production potential of potato over the past 61 years in Inner Mongolia was simulated based on long-term observed data and the step-by-step correction method. The results show that the annual average potential for potato climatic production in Inner Mongolia is 19,318 kg·hm−2, fluctuating between the highest value (25,623 kg·hm−2) and the lowest value (15,354 kg·hm−2). Over the past 61 years, the climatic production potential exhibited an insignificant decreasing trend, with large interannual fluctuation, especially since 2000. The high-value areas of the climatic production potential were mainly located in the central and southern regions. The climatic production potential of potato in most areas showed a decreasing trend. The influence of radiation changes on the potato climatic production potential was not obvious in most areas. The effects of temperature changes on the climatic production potential of potato were mostly negative, and were most obvious in the central and western regions and in the southeastern region. The change in precipitation in most parts of western Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Chifeng and eastern Xingan League had a positive effect on the climatic production potential of potato. However, the change in precipitation in southern Ulanchabu, eastern Chifeng, Hulunbuir and western and eastern regions had a negative effect on the climatic production potential of potato. The main limiting factor for the climatic production potential of potato in Inner Mongolia is precipitation. Our findings have important implications for local potato production to cope with ongoing climate change in China.


The development of landscape ecology and its many applications to land management created a need for courses that address both the conceptual and practical sides of the discipline. Graduate seminars and full-fledged courses in landscape ecology are now featured at many colleges and universities ; undergraduate ecology courses may include an introduction to principles of landscape ecology. Because landscape ecology involves the study of spatially explicit ecological patterns and processes along with much larger regions than ecologists have typically studied, landscape ecologists often employ a variety of new quantitative analysis techniques in their work. In parlicular, metrics are used to quantify spatial patterns, and the importance of spatial heterogeneity for ecological processes is evaluated. Modeling also plays an important role in landscape ecology because it is logistically impossible to conduct truly replicated experiments across entire landscapes. Students of landscape ecology. even at Ihe undergraduate level, need some familiarity with the tools of the discipline lo gain confidence in the practice of landscape ecology and to develop a critical understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques. This chapter contains six exercises created to teach concepts in landscape ecology. All three authors currently teach ecology at the undergraduate and/or graduate levels and incorporate landscape ecology principles in their specialized rind general courses. The text of each exercise is written for general USC in a class; notes specilically to Ihe inslruclor and recommended readings are included in the appendices. This collection of exercises stresses three main aspects of landscape ecology. Exercises I and II emphasize the quantification of landscape pattern. The iirst exercise is designed to familiarize students with straighlforward techniques for quanlifying Ihe similarities and differences between Iand-scapes. The second demons&ales the important influence of spatial scale (both grain and extent) and classificarion scheme on landscape metrics. Exercises 111 and IV address the interpretation of landscape patterns. The third exercise allows students lo quantify changes through time in a Iand-scape, challenging them to consider where and why these changes occur. 335 i The fourth exercise has sludenls interpret a landscape from the perspective 0r four llOllllUlllilll spccics which vary in their vulnerability to IlUlllilll inllu-enccs. This exercise demonstrates how the same landscape can funclionally bc quite dillercnt for various species. Exercises V and VI foster undersland-ing dynamic landscapes and lead students through the process of generating working hypotheses about drivers and mechanisms of landscape change (i,c., landscape models). These last …


The Highland Drive South Ravine (HDSR) is the discharge area for groundwater originating from the Highland Drive Landfill, the Pine Street North Extension (PSNE) roadbed parts of the Highland Drive roadbed and the PSNE Consolidation Site that contain historical low-level radioactive waste (LLRW). The contaminant plume from these LLRW sites contains elevated concentrations of uranium and arsenic and discharges with groundwater to shallow soils in a wet discharge area within the ravine, and directly to Hunt's Pond and Highland Drive South Creek, which are immediately to the south of the wet discharge area. Remediation and environmental management plans for HDSR have been developed within the framework of the Port Hope Project and the Port Hope Area Initiative. The LLRW sites will be fully remediated by excavation and relocation to a new Long-Term Waste Management Facility (LTWMF) as part of the Port Hope Project. It is projected, however, that the groundwater contaminant plume between the remediated LLRW sites and HDSR will persist for several hundreds of years. At the HDSR, sediment remediation within Hunt's Ponds and Highland Drive South Creek, excavation of the existing and placement of clean fill will be undertaken to remove current accumulations of solid-phase uranium and arsenicmore » associated with the upper 0.75 m of soil in the wet discharge area, and permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) will be used for in situ treatment of contaminated groundwater to prevent the ongoing discharge of uranium and arsenic to the area in HDSR where shallow soil excavation and replacement has been undertaken. Bench-scale testing using groundwater from HDSR has confirmed excellent treatment characteristics for both uranium and arsenic using permeable reactive mixtures containing granular zero-valent iron (ZVI). A sequence of three PRBs containing ZVI and sand in backfilled trenches has been designed to intercept the groundwater flow system prior to its discharge to the ground surface and the creek and ponds in the HDSR. The first of the PRBs will be installed immediately up-gradient of the wet discharge area approximately 50 m from the creek, the other two will be installed across the area of shallow soil replacement, and all will extend from ground surface to the base of the water table aquifer through which the impacted groundwater flows. The PRBs have been designed to provide the removal of uranium and arsenic for decades, although the capacity of the treatment mixture for contaminant removal suggests that a longer period of treatment may be feasible. The environmental management plan includes an allowance for on-going monitoring, and replacement of a PRB(s) as might be required. (authors)« less


In honor of the 100th anniversary of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), this article looks at the State-Federal collaboration during the interstate era. Though construction of the interstate system began in 1956, the history of the system dates back to the 1930s, during which proposals for transcontinental superhighways were common. However, it was not until President Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 that the interstate system was truly established. The construction of the interstate system was driven by the partnership of AASHTO and the Federal Highway Administration. AASHTO continues to work to meet the challenges of the United States transportation network.


This paper presents a discussion of coordination properties within populations of geospatially distributed embodied agents. We define two axes: interaction mechanisms and population diversity; and we present a new framework designed for exploring the relationship between values along these axes and the efficiency of solutions for a set of related tasks, e.g., foraging, resource allocation and area coverage.


The friction-assisted extrusion of thin strips, developed by the authors, was applied to the production of copper and aluminium composite thin strips. The composite thin strips which are claddings with 2 and 3 layers of copper and aluminium and 0.25∼1mm in thickness could be extruded successfully from block metals with the extrusion ratio of 10∼40 and punch pressure ranging from about 0.6 to 1.1 GPa. Composite thin strips which are made of complex phases of copper and aluminium and are 0.05∼1mm in thickness could be extruded directly from the powder mixture of Cu and Al with the extrusion ratio of 5∼200 and the punch pressure of 0.3∼1.2 GPa. The thin strips as extruded from the metal powders showed Vickers hardness HV increasing with the mixture ratio of copper powder and the extrusion ratio within a range from 50 to 240. The tensile strength ST of the thin strips as extruded from composite metal powders was 290 MPa at maximum and was increased to 340 MPa by heat treatment for 1 hour at 400°C.


The empirical investigation of several geophysical time series indicates that they are composed of segments representing different natural regimes, or periods when events are strongly autocorrelated. Using a data transformation method developed by Hurst, these regimes are differentiated by rescaling the time series and examining the resulting transformed trace for inflections. As regime signals are not completely mixed and have rather long run lengths, Hurst rescaling produces a clustering of extremes of the same sign and elevates the Hurst exponent to values greater than 0.5. These regimes have a characteristic distribution, as defined by the mean and standard deviation, which differ from the statistical characteristics of the complete record. Analysis of sunspot numbers, monthly precipitation records from the midwestern United States, and annual watershed discharge yield regimes that correlate to well-documented periods of extreme activity. Rescaling appears to be useful in screening time series of unknown characteristics to differentiate periods dominated by regime-specific physical processes.


Abstract : Diffraction losses should be accounted for in calculating the radiometric output for all cavity-type blackbody sources in use. The theoretically predicted source diffraction losses were examined and compared to experimental data obtained during the calibration of a typical AEDC source. The results revealed that the experimental data do not support the use of currently available diffraction correction theories. At this time, the use of diffraction corrections is not recommended for AEDC blackbody sources.


accepted, and some workers6 13 14 consider that such patients may safely take small quantities of salicylates. At present the balance of evidence still leads to the conclusion that excessive consumption of phenacetin is the principal factor in the development of analgesic nephropathy. This is not to deny that other factors, including the consumption of other analgesics, the presence of impurities in the phenacetin,15 individual variation in the metabolism of phenacetin,16 episodes of dehydration,3 17 and renal infectiofl8 might all be important in potentiating this effect.


Tacrolimus (FK-506, Prograf, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co.), first approved in the United States for liver transplants, is now widely used in other organ transplants (1). Its immunosuppressive potency is 10- to 100-fold greater than cyclosporine A. Because subtherapeutic concentrations are associated with organ rejection and high concentrations are associated with nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and opportunistic infections, therapeutic drug monitoring of FK-506 is well-accepted and is a common laboratory practice (2).

Currently, there is no consensus on the therapeutic range for FK-506. Substantial amounts of the drug are present intracellularly, with a red blood cells-to-plasma ratio >4:1. In addition, clinical effects correlate better with whole blood concentrations than with serum or plasma concentrations (3). Therefore, routine laboratory assays determine concentrations on whole blood. The whole blood therapeutic range was originally thought to be 15–25 μg/L, but has subsequently been modified at most US centers to 5–20 μg/L (1). Several methods are available for monitoring the concentration of FK-506. These include bioassays, radioreceptor assays, HPLC, ELISA (Incstar Corp.), and microparticle enhancement immunoassay (MEIA;Abbott Diagnostics) (4 …


Broadly speaking, there are three accounts of well-being: mental state accounts, objective list accounts and desire fulfilment accounts (Parfit, 1984) The latter two perspectives have arguably had a much greater influence on academic debate, particularly in economics, and certainly on public policy (Diener and Seligman, 2004). For example, governments routinely target poverty, unemployment, literacy rates and violent crime, and try to increase the choices people have through raising average incomes and/or deregulating public services. Much less attention has been paid to exploring and trying to directly improve how people actually feel.


Surfacing hydroxyl groups of hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) were transformed into trithiocarbonates (TTC), an efficient multi radical addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) agent, to mediate the polymerization of ethyl acrylate (EA) under controllable conditions, and PG with multiarm PEA was obtained. In this system, PG was a part of Z groups, and trithiolcarbonates were bonded directly to the PG, whereas the growing PEA macroradical was detached. The molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the products were in the range of 1.05–3.24 × 104 g/mol and 1.28–1.42, respectively, when the concentration ratio of EA to PG-TTC was 39.8. The number of the PEA arms was about 16. It was found that the measured molecular weights of the products were deviated from the theoretical value, and the molecular weight distribution was broadened with the conversion due to the termination between the leaving macroradicals. The final and the intermediate products were characterized by NMR in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2203–2209, 2006


The purpose of this study was to determine the best ratio of Glutinous flour and Red dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) towards the quality of fruit dodol. The experiment was arranged by the Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with four treatments : T1N1 = 1:1 (50% Glutinous flour, 50% Red dragon fruit); T2N2 = 1:0,8 (55,56% Glutinous flour, 44,44% Red dragon fruit); T3N3 = 1:0,6 (62,5% Glutinous flour, 37,5% Red dragon fruit) dan T4N4 = 1:0, (71,43% Glutinous flour, 28,57% Red dragon fruit). The result of this study showed the ratio of glutinous flour and red dragon fruit affected on water content, ash content, crude fiber content, colour, flavor, texture and overall acceptance of fruit dodol. It was concluded the treatment of T4N4 (71,43% Glutinous flour, 28,57% Red dragon fruit) produce dodol with the best quality towards: water content 16,54%; ash content 0,21%; crude fiber content 0,93%. Keyword: Dodol, Glutinous flour and Red dragon fruit


Traditional descriptors for characterization of fruit shape of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) provide limited information and do not allow a detailed characterization of this complex trait. New image analysis software tools like Tomato Analyzer, allow obtaining quantitative and objective data for a large number of fruit shape parameters. The Tomato Analyzer software tool was used for the evaluation of fruit shape in a collection of traditional varieties of eggplant from four varietal groups (Round, Semi-long, Egg Shaped, and Long). A total of 26 fruit shape parameters were obtained using the Tomato Analyzer software. Significant differences were found among varieties for all traits, except for shoulder height. In addition, considerable differences were identified among varietal groups for many parameters. Values for broad-sense heritability were high for most of the traits. The principal components analysis clearly separated the four varietal groups. Discriminant analysis allowed the correct classification to their actual variety of almost 60 % of the individual fruits. The wide variation observed and high values for heritability for most fruit shape parameters indicated that the image analysis software tools like Tomato Analyzer are of great utility for the phenotypic characterization of fruit shape in eggplant germplasm. This has important implications for selection and breeding for this important trait in eggplant.


Angular-resolved photoemission measurements of the nonpolar ~ 110 ! -cleavage face of HgTe single crystals have been performed along the S line to determine details of the band structure near the valence band maximum ~ VBM ! . Three bands are observed between VBM and 1 eV binding energy, instead of the two observed for a positive energy gap semiconductor CdTe. Their energy separations and positions relative to the Fermi energy are investigated at the G point and at slightly off-normal emission, applying room and low temperature of 40 K. In contrast to the heavily debated results of HgSe @ K.-U. Gawlik et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 , 3165 ~ 1997 !# the clear observations for HgTe are consistent with the model of an inverted band structure, reflecting a semiconductor with a negative band gap.


In this paper we prove that isoperimetric sets in three-dimensional homogeneous spaces diffeomorphic to R3 are topological balls. Due to the work in [MMPR13], this settles the Uniqueness of Isoperimetric Domains Conjecture, concerning congruence of such sets. We also prove that in three-dimensional homogeneous spheres isopermetric sets are either two-spheres or symmetric genus-one tori. We then apply our first result to the three-dimensional Heisenberg group H1, characterizing the isoperimetric sets and constants for a family of Riemannian adapted metrics. Using Γ-convergence of the perimeter functionals, we also settle an isoperimetric conjecture in H1 posed by P.Pansu.


This article presents the results of a study of rural caregivers who have adults with severe developmental delays living at home with them. It examines their demographic characteristics, their perceived levels of stress, and the coping skills they use to deal with that stress. This article provides information on the availability and utilization of social services for the adults with mental retardation and developmental disabilities (MR/DD) and their families. In addition, the service needs, stresses experienced, and coping skills of these families are examined according to majority and minority racial status. This type of information should be valuable to policy makers, agency administrators, and program planners to improve the development, targeting, and accessibility of rural programs and services. For the purpose of this study, the term "developmental disability" refers to both mental and physical delays and is sometimes represented as MR/DD, which is consistent with the literature on this population.


The boundary devices, such as routers, firewalls, proxies, and domain controllers, etc., are continuously generating logs showing the behaviors of the internal and external users, the working state of the network as well as the devices themselves. To rapidly and efficiently analyze these logs makes great sense in terms of security and reliability. However, it is a challenging task due to the fact that a huge amount of data might be generated for being analyzed in very short time. In this paper, we address this challenge by applying complex analytics and modern in-memory database technology on the large amount of log data. Logs from different kinds of devices are collected, normalized, and stored in the In-Memory database. Machine learning approaches are then implemented to analyze the centralized big data to identify attacks and anomalies which are not easy to be detected from the individual log event. The proposed method is implemented on the In-Memory platform, i.e., SAP HANA Platform, and the experimental results show that it has the expected capabilities as well as the high performance.


Previous experience in the development of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) systems have shown some difficulties in planning, development and implementation. Analysis of the dynamics of development and deployment of ITS services throughout the world have shown that the development of ITS is slower than originally foreseen and it is therefore necessary to identify the factors that hinder its development. Studies have shown that limitations are not technical nature (European Action Plan, American development plan ITS) than that of the main obstacles lie in the institutional and commercial considerations. For the development of ITS is important that the institutions and the creation of the legal framework governing their tasks and responsibilities in the process of its planning and implementation.


Financial support given by FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Programme – COMPETE , by National funds by FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Strategic Project – LA 25-2011-2012 an project PTDC/AGR-ALI/122741/2010)


The extradosed prestressed bridge concept is a relatively new type of structure regarded as a combination between prestress girder and cable-stayed bridge. In this type of structure the prestressing tendons are deviated outside the deck at the section over the piers imitating the shape of the bending moment diagram; this arrangement has proven to greatly improve the system efficiency allowing for ease of detailing and savings in materials usage. Despite the increasing popularity of the extradosed bridge and a number of them already been constructed particularly in Asia, this technology has not been widely adopted in Europe mainly due to the lack of design standards.
The purpose of this work is to explore the criteria Eurocode applies to the design of the extradosed structures in order to evaluate their feasibility. A standard proportions extradosed bridge model is assumed and the main structural differences it presents from girder and cable-stayed bridges are outlined; in addition the bridge is analysed by means of a simplified line beam analysis and the relevant sections of Eurocode are related.
The extradosed bridges constructed to date have demonstrated to be cost-effective, efficient and aesthetical appealing structures for the range of medium spans. Nevertheless Eurocodes do not specify criteria for the design of 'extradosed cables' or external unbonded tendons. A revision on the design criteria for steel tension components by the Eurocode Committee is recommended.


Photochemically induced radical reactions involving the lateral sequences and the end macromolecular chain groups of hyaluronic acid in aqueous solutions at 293K were studied by EPR spin trapping technique with DMPO (5,5‐dimethylpyrroline‐1‐oxide). In the first 1‐10 minutes of irradiation EPR indicates spin adducts of two carbon centered radicals with the splitting constants of aN = 1.60 mT, aH = 2.51 mT and aN = 1.56 mT, aH = 2.28 mT. After longer irradiation time (over 10 minutes) dominate two further DMPO adducts of radicals centered on hetero–atoms with splitting constants of aN = 1.44 mT, an = 1.60 mT and of aN = 1‐49 mT, aH = 1.49 mT. Simultaneously, molecular weight followed by SEC decreases, suggesting that UV irradiation leads to the breaking of interglycosidic bonds of hyaluronic acid main macromolecular chain.


This research was funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project through the Grant ID
DP160104640. The first author's research degree was supported by the Dean's Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies PhD Scholarship for Vietnam, the University of Sydney. The steel sheets were provided by BlueScope Steel. The HILTI power-actuator tool, fasteners and charges were provided by Hilti Pty Ltd.


The use of DNA profiles in forensic identification problems are common procedure nowadays. Here it is intended to exemplify how to use the analysis of DNA profiles to solve the problem of simple maternity search. For this aim it is necessary to make use of a probabilistic expert system (PES), in the case an object-oriented Bayesian network (OOBN).


Several observed diagenetic changes in Gulf Coast sediments, such as dissolution of calcite and feldspar and pore cementation by silica and calcite, End_Page 141------------------------------ require many changes of pore fluid. The number of pore volumes required is much greater than can be derived from compaction alone. Free convection, if it exists, is an attractive process in accounting for these observations. Three lines of evidence indicate that free convection is occurring in at least some Gulf Coast reservoirs. First, Rayleigh-Darcy calculations were made for a variety of reservoir thicknesses, permeabilities, and thermal gradients. Reasonable Gulf Coast values were selected and thermally sensitive parameters were allowed to vary with temperature. Critical Rayleigh numbers were exceeded for thick Gulf Coast sands. Depending on site-specific conditions, diagenetic reduction of permeability may create a preferred depth range for the occurrence of free convection. The econd line of evidence includes pore-fluid density, silica content, and temperature data for Frio Formation waters. These data are consistent with a freely convecting system. Third, areal distribution of thermal gradients within a Frio reservoir exhibits a geometric pattern completely consistent with Benard-type convection cells: central, upward-moving, heated plumes surrounded by polygonal zones of cooler, down-flowing waters. Therefore, free convection in Gulf Coast reservoirs is consistent with both field data (as demonstrated in the Frio Formation) and theoretical calculations. End_of_Article - Last_Page 142------------


This Bachelor thesis deals with assimilation of iron by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. It deals with general description of the yeast, and with the mechanisms used by the yeast to acquire iron from its environment, as well as with the mechanisms of iron utilisation in Candida. The practical part of this thesis describes preparation of mixed cultures of Candida albicans with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a hereditary disease with significant mortality, which might be reduced with appropriate management. This cardiac disorder is regarded as rare, but its prevalence remains unknown. The clinical course of LQTS is variable and syncope is a common first manifestation of LQTS. Therefore in each patient after syncope an ECG should be carried out. However, there is no universal QT value applying to all patients (especially infants and children), because it varies depending on age and sex. Genetic testing can be of great importance for the management of families with LQTS and early identification of patient relatives at risk of developing disease. We aimed to show that a very important part of treatment is not only pharmacotherapy, especially beta-blockers, but change of lifestyle plays a significant role.


they had claimed in guiding education in Africa. They therefore called a conference at Salisbury in Southern Rhodesia in 1962 and issued a report ' Christian Education in Africa'. This made little impact. In 1964 the African Department of the Division of Overseas Ministries of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. held a further conference at the Divinity School of the University of Chicago and issued the present report on ' Christianity and African Education '. The word mission hardly occurs and it is conceded that ' the new national states properly regard education as the prerogative and responsibility of government, and the education and training of citizens is a fundamental and highpriority part of planned national development'. The editor, R. Pierce Beaver, is quoted as having thought it would now be wise for the church ' in most places to get out of the general school business . . . and to keep only a few strong central schools and colleges for distinctly Christian education '. The Revd. Thomas Beetham, formerly a Methodist Missionary in Ghana and now Secretary for Africa, Conference of Missionary Societies of Great Britain and Ireland, is optimistic and practical in his paper on ' The Future of Christian Education'. Encouraged by Fr. Walsh of the White Fathers, who contributes a paper on ' Educational Policy of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa', Beetham looks forward to the possibility of there being in each country a few ' Christian' schools in the fuller sense, each of them a community of teachers and pupils within a Christian ethos, Roman Catholic and Protestant together. Certainly, as he says,' an interpretation of the Christian faith cradled in the assured democracies of North America and Europe is no preparation for the Africans' search in the New Testament for an answer to the problems they face '. The book falls into three parts: a discussion of education and evangeli2ation, then four chapters by academics on educational policy and planning, and finally some consideration of African culture today and possible contributions by the churches. Papers by William Gaines, Arnold Anderson, Philip J. Foster, and Ed. A. Shils will be of great value to all interested in education and development, irrespective of their religious affiliations. Foster provides welcome realism with his ' New States talk of the need for technical skills while the statistics indicate that the real market demand is for clerks and teachers \ This collection of papers is a useful summary of liberal thought on the possible contribution of Christians to a national education system—summed up by Mr. Otiende, Kenya's Minister of Education, as ' a challenge to a new kind of apostolate . . . exercised by Christian teachers in the schools '.


INDOS1, INDOS2, and INDOS3 (the INDOS codes) are conversational FORTRAN IV programs, implemented for use in time-sharing mode on the ORNL PDP-10 System. These codes use ICRP10-10A models to estimate the radiation dose to an organ of the body of Reference Man resulting from the ingestion or inhalation of any one of various radionuclides. Two patterns of intake are simulated: intakes at discrete times and continuous intake at a constant rate. The IND0S codes provide tabular output of dose rate and dose vs time, graphical output of dose vs time, and punched-card output of organ burden and dose vs time. The models of internal dose calculation are discussed and instructions for the use of the INDOS codes are provided. The INDOS codes are available from the Radiation Shielding Information Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830. (auth)


This paper describes a framework for studying galaxy morphology, particularly bar strength, in a quantitative manner, and presents applications of this approach that reveal observational evidence for secular evolution in bar morphology. The distribution of bar strength in galaxies is quite strongly bimodal, suggesting that barred and unbarred systems are distinct entities, and that any evolution between these two states must occur on a relatively rapid timescale. Bars' strengths appear to be correlated with their pattern speeds, implying that these structures weaken as they start to slow, and disappear entirely before the bars have slowed significantly. There is also tantalizing evidence that bars are rare beyond a redshift of z ~ 0.7, indicating that galaxies have only recently evolved to a point where bars can readily form.


Globalization characterized by rapid movement of people, trade and capital information, in addition to the beneficial effects for human life must also be wary of negative side effects, namely the globalization of crime and increasing the quantity and quality of crime.Money laundering as a form of transnational and systematic crimerequires states to take precautions through domestic law and require each country to adopt in accordance with the principles of its domestic law, legislative measures and other measures necessary , to handle activities that are classified in the form of money laundering.Money laundering not only threaten economic stability and integrity of the financial system, but also can harm the joints of the life of society, nation and state, today's development is quite alarming.Crime by utilizing the network of financial systems to hide the origin of money from certain criminal offenses to look like lawful money impact is not small losses can even be systemic.The crime of the canal above a certain offense that accompanies it, the crime took means or comprehensive effort in handling.Criminal in money laundering can be classified into 2 (two), namely in terms of human actors as subjects of law (support rights and obligations), and can also form a corporation.In order to tackle money laundering are two (2) steps that can be taken both penal and non-penal efforts. Speaking penal efforts must not be separated from the discussion on criminal policyas proposed by G.Peter Hoefnagels that "criminal policy is the rational organization of the social reaction to crime".In this paper, the discussion will focus on the policy of the criminal law against corporations that make money laundering based on Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Keywords: Formulation, Corporate, Money Laundering.


The effects of different agents on seed germination and growth characteristics of tobacco varieties with different drought tolerance were studied in this paper.Seeds of two tobacco varieties with different drought tolerance were primed in different concentration solutions of paclobutrazol,calcium chloride,proline and salicylic acid.Then,the germination,seedling growth and physiological changes under drought stress(simulating with 15% polyethylene glycol 6000) were measured.The results showed that the germination and seedling growth were inhibited,however,the activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in tobacco seedlings were enhanced and the malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration were decreased after treated with paclobutrazol(PP333).The germination parameters,root length,seedling length,seedling fresh and dry weight were improved,the activities of APX,CAT,POD and SOD were enhanced and the MDA concentration were decreased in two tobacco varieties after treated with calcium chloride,proline and salicylic acid.The treatment of 80 mg·L-1 salicylic acid had the best effects among all treatments,suggesting that this treatment can be used to improve drought tolerance of tobacco seeds and seedlings.


The increasing functionality that handheld devices have come to incorporate at lower prices make them powerful candidates for various kinds of location-aware systems and services. In this work, we describe the innards of Uhuru, an RF based in-building location tracking system that we have developed and deployed on a mobile device. Our work seeks to build upon and extend previous work in this field, providing proof of concept for location information on multiple floors in a building. We outline a history monitoring algorithm that we have devised to improve the accuracy of the system and introduce a new metric of 'Survivability', which measures the ability of history-based location tracking schemes to be able to display location information consistently. We also discuss details of a heuristic that can be used for the placement of wireless base stations to improve the delivered accuracy.


The 7.8-km-long cable-stayed Oresund Bridge, the centerpiece of the first road and rail link between Scandinavia and Europe, is the third and final link of the 15.8 km Oresund Link. The bridge will carry four lanes of traffic on its upper level and two tracks for freight and passenger trains on its lower level. The bridge, made possible by a 1991 treaty between the Swedish and Danish governments, is aimed at reducing the heavy volume of ferry traffic between the countries. Design of the bridge was thorough, with planners needing to take into account the combined loads of rail and auto traffic, as well as the ever-changing waves and currents of the strait. A primary design feature of the bridge is its 203.5-m-high pylons, which have no cross beams above the bridge deck. Also, the Oresund's 490 m main span is longer than what were previously the world's longest cable-stayed spans: the Iwagurojima and Hitsuishijima bridges in Japan. Construction of the bridge continues, with the entire link scheduled to open for traffic in 2000.


The global system of supply chains has been dramatically disrupted over the last years due to the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. In these current challenging times, this paper proposes a methodological approach for managing dependence and uncertainty in dynamic industrial scenarios. A detailed study of epidemic effects is carried out according to an operational management‐based perspective. We proceed by analyzing connections among effects and risks potentially leading to significant supply chain disturbances through a multicriteria approach. Risks and effects are weighted by applying the Analytic Network Process (ANP). Weighted risks are then assumed as criteria for selecting the most suitable contingency strategy. To this aim, the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) is able to rank a set of strategies by addressing and quantifying uncertainty. A case study on the sector of the automotive industry is implemented to validate the proposed methodological approach. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


The concept of soft law was introduced.The reasons of the initiation and the dilemma of soft law implementation in public administration were analyzed.Some countermeasures were proposed: The application of soft law must be based on the value goal of building a harmonious society,following the spirit of the Constitution and the rule of law to achieve programmed,standardized and institutionalized.


Support for national measures against the COVID-19 pandemic can be measured by collecting responses to questionnaires. In this paper we explore a less costly and less time-consuming method: by analyzing social media data. We compare stances regarding anti-pandemic measures extracted from tweets with the questionnaire results provided by the Dutch national health institute RIVM. We find similarities and differences and discuss the results.


This article presents QUERIOUS, an educational tool based on expert system technology, functional analysis techniques, and Socratic method. Using a knowledge acquisition device originally developed to allow specialists to impart their knowledge to expert systems, our tool asks students questions, leads them through functional analysis of a problem and, in effect, induces them to teach the system their solution strategy. An existing prototype is described, and a proposal for further development is presented.


Background: Formaldehyde is a volatile organic compound widely used in industry and medical fields such as Anatomy and Pathology. Exposure to this chemical negatively affects the skin, mucous membrane, and respiratory system. It can pass through the blood-brain barrier, potentially causing neurotoxicity. According to studies, formaldehyde might be involved in memory impairment and the cognitive decline process in Alzheimer disease (AD). Objectives: This study aimed to simulate chronic occupational formaldehyde exposure in rats and study its impacts on passive avoidance conditioning and anxiety. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6 rats each. After an adaptation period, the rats were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 ppm formaldehyde vapor in an exposure chamber, 6 hours per day for 7 days. The control group was exposed to saline. After the exposure period, a shuttle box for passive avoidance conditioning and an elevated plus-maze test for assessing anxiety levels were performed. The data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test for group comparison in SPSS and SAS software. Results: In the shuttle box test, formaldehyde dose-dependently decreased escape-through latency and increased the percentage of dark compartment entries (P<0.0001). In the elevated plus maze test, the percentage of time spent in open arms decreased by increasing the dosage (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, formaldehyde exposure can negatively alter brain function and cause memory impairment and anxiety.


It is well known that infestation is only one of a number of factors which determine the amount of wireworm damage occurring in a field. As an attempt to analyse the conditions under which crops fail from wireworms, thirteen fields showing both damaged and undamaged areas were studied. Data were collected on wireworm populations, chemical and mechanical composition of the soil, feeding reactions of the wireworms collected, agricultural history and treatment of the different plots and fields. In six only of the fields did the damaged areas coincide with areas of higher infestation. In the remainder, the failures occurred at low populations, and no marked differences in population could be detected between the failing and successful plots. The levels of population at which the failures occurred varied between wide limits in the different fields. Two of the edaphic factors investigated were associated consistently with the failing and successful plots; CaCO3 was consistently higher and sand content consistently lower on the failing plots. Differences in these factors were particularly noticeable in those fields where differences in infestation were not detected. There is a suggestion from four of the fields that wireworm attack commonly follows sainfoin. None of the other factors showed significant relationships. Although the results suggest that differences in one or more of the factors, infestation, CaCO3 and sand, are associated with differences in wireworm damage within fields, the differences between the fields cannot be explained so simply. Evidently, other factors, relatively uniform within single fields but varying from field to field, also influence the amount of wireworm damage. Consideration of the results in relation to wireworm and plant populations brings out the need for greater attention to the role of wireworm activity and the environmental factors which influence it. The importance of reliable methods for predicting wireworm damage to any methods of control is stressed.


The aim of this article is to ascertain the extent to which the contemporary approaches and models such as the ISO Standard 9001, the EFQM Model of Excellence, 20 Keys, BSC, Six Sigma and BPR are used in organisational systems for the continuous improvement of business success. Quantitative research was carried out in order to ascertain how widespread the use of these approaches is in the Republic of Slovenia. Our conclusion is that the extent to which various models for change management are used is strongly influenced by the degree to which managers are familiar with them, and is co-dependent on the life cycle of each respective company.


To propose an appropriate design for sound diffusion through the walls of concert halls, computer simulations and a scale model were used to investigate the effect of diffusion and diffusion arrangements on the acoustic parameters of the concert halls. Two types of models were constructed and analyzed: 1) the 12 concert halls included in an Odeon simulation with reflective surfaces, and 2) the same simulation models with existing scattering coefficients. The effect of the overall wall diffusion in the concert hall was examined by analyzing the room acoustic parameters. Specifically, the position, area, and height of the diffuser were determined using various scale models. Through auralization evaluation in the 1:10 scale model, acoustic disturbance and the improvement in acoustic response through diffusion design were evaluated. The results show that the relative standard deviation values of the acoustic parameters as well as the reverberation time, early decay time, and sound pressure were reduced by sound diffusion through the wall surfaces.


Single-cycle Terahertz transients at high fields are a powerful tool to explore fundamental properties of condensed matter and ultimately to initiate coherently collective processes by nonionizing light [1]. While intense pulses at mid-infrared frequencies between 20-100 THz (15 μm-3 μm) have been demonstrated [2], the production of high-energy single-cycle pulses with fields of several MV/cm in the Terahertz gap (3000 μm-30 μm) remained a challenge. We present a table-top source based on organic crystal [3-5] emitting single-cycle transients at frequencies of 0.1-5 THz with electric and magnetic fields at the focus larger than 40 MV/cm and 14 Tesla. The source is realized by optical rectification in recently developed 4 cm2 partitioned DSTMS [6] pumped by 30 mJ Cr:Mg2SiO4 (Cr:F) laser, for details see [7]. With respect to optical parametric amplifier used in the past to drive the organic crystal, the Cr:F laser offers one order larger energy and which turns into THz pulse energy as large as 900 μJ and energy conversion efficiency of 3 %.


The present work was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of seed powder extracted from Moringa oleif- era seeds which are commonly available in most rural communities. The main objective of this work is to evalu- ate the some physicochemical parameters and efficiency of a natural absorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds in treating river water. During this study, Vamsadhara river water samples were collected for treatment by Moringa seeds powder, resulting in an effective natural clarification agent for highly turbid and untreated pathogenic water. Various doses of Moringa seed powder viz. 50, 100 and 150 mg/l were taken and checked for the efficiency dose on raw river water. After treatment of seed powder with water samples were analyzed for different physical parameter like pH, Turbidity, TDS and electrical conductivity and chemical parameters like Hardness, Alkalinity and Chlorides. All parameters were reduced with increasing dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/l seed powder respectively (ex- cept alkalinity and pH). Application of this low cost Moringa oleifera seeds is recommended for simplified, eco-friendly and nontoxic water treatment where rural and peri-urban people living in extreme poverty presently drinking highly turbid and microbiologically contaminated water.


The surface molecular orientation of a liquid crystalline (LC) layer made up of semifluorinated (SF) single side groups [−CO−(CH2)x-1−(CF2)yF] (single SF groups) attached to polyisoprene homopolymer or the isoprene block of a styrene−isoprene diblock copolymer was determined by analyzing the partial electron yield C-edge NEXAFS signal. The results show that the surfaces of thin SF polymer films are covered with a uniform layer, consisting of the SF−LC groups whose average −CF2− tilt angle with the surface normal lies in the range 29−46°. This is in direct contrast to the bulk, where the directors of the SF−LC mesogens are aligned parallel to the polystyrene/SF−polyisoprene interface of the block copolymers. This average tilt angle increases with increasing the length of the −(CH2)x-1− group (x increases) but decreases with increasing the length of the −(CF2)y− part of the molecule (y increases) at constant x.


This research study addresses two issues for the identification of structural characteristics of civil infrastructure systems. The first one is related to the problem of dynamic system identification, by means of experimental and operational modal analysis, applied to a large variety of bridge structures. Based on time and frequency domain techniques and mainly with output-only acceleration, velocity or strain data, modal parameters have been estimated for suspension bridges, masonry arch bridges, concrete arch and continuous bridges, reticular and box girder steel bridges. After giving an in-depth overview of standard and advanced stochastic methods, differences of the existing approaches in their performances are highlighted during system identification on the different kinds of civil infrastructures. The evaluation of their performance is accompanied by easy and hard determinable cases, which gave good results only after performing advanced clustering analysis. Eventually, real-time vibration-based structural health monitoring algorithms are presented during their performance in structural damage detection by statistical models.
The second issue is the noise-free estimation of high order displacements taking place on suspension bridges. Once provided a comprehensive treatment of displacement and acceleration data fusion for dynamic systems by defining the Kalman filter algorithm, the combination of these two kinds of measurements is achieved, improving the deformations observed. Thus, an exhaustive analysis of smoothed displacement data on a suspension bridge is presented. The successful tests were subsequently used to define the non-collocated sensor monitoring problem with the application on simplified models


Abstract : The present study examines the effects of wearing bifocal glasses and interpolated rest periods on the performance of 40- to 50-year-old subjects on a radar monitoring task. The visual display was designed to resemble an air traffic control radar display containing computer-generated alphanumeric symbols. Forty men and women were divided into four equal-sized groups, with each group consisting of one of the four possible combinations of bifocal/no-bifocal and rest/no-rest conditions. All subjects were tested over a 2-hour session. Rest periods (a 5-minute break every 30 minutes) significantly reduced the performance decrement of 40- to 50-year-old subjects, bringing performance to a level approximating that of 18- to 29-year-old subjects without rest periods. The wearing of bifocal glasses did not contribute to visual strain or somatic discomfort.


It is a remarkable fact that Jerome's single citation of a Greek word in his commentary in the year 415 on Ezekiel's inaugural vision led to a medieval transformation and redefinition of the European idea of conscience that would endure until the late seventeenth century. Although it has been argued that his reference to synteresis (later transliterated into Latin and English as synderesis or synteresis) was simply a scribal error, it is also possible that he appropriated the word from a now lost source when he added a fourth element to Plato's tripartite soul in his interpretation of Ezekiel's description of the throne of God. Whatever the origin of the word, however, the concept expressed by it appears to have filled a logical need, which probably accounts for its thorough development and elaboration during the Middle Ages by a series of commentators from Peter Lombard to Jean Gerson.1 Their treatment of synderesis over three centuries established its general definition, posed a set of attendant logical and psychological problems, invented a supplementary terminology, and expanded its rhetorical meaning through biblical exegesis. Synderesis played an essential role in the scholastic analysis of man's conscience, of his thinking about moral matters, and of his psychological response to conflicting impulses. Stoic and Patristic in its ancient origins and subse-


Use of probiotics as an efficient feed supplement is explained by feeding isolated probiotic strain to an Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita). Two Bacillus strains (one non spore forming and the other spore forming), isolated from the gut of the carp, confirmed their probiotic effect by agar overlay method and antagonistic assay against three pathogenic strains which were incorporated in feed (protein - 40%) at graded levels of 5 X 107 cells g−1 feed, 5 X 106 cells g−1 feed and 5 X 105 cells g−1 feed. Rohu fingerlings (Avg wt - 1.08 g), stocked in plastic circular troughs, were fed with the prepared feed @ 5% of body weight. Feeding trial was continued for 30 days, based on the biogrowth parameters and proximate composition of fish. The spore forming Bacillus incorporated at concentration of 5 X 106 cells g−1 feed recorded the highest growth rate while at concentration of 5 X 107 cells g−1 feed recorded the highest survival. There existed significant difference (P< 0.05) in growth rates between fish fed with spore forming Bacillus and non spore forming Bacillus as probiotic. However, the proximate composition analysis did not reveal significant differences between the fish fed with spore forming Bacillus and non spore forming Bacillus as feed probiotic. Supplementation of spore forming Bacillus in artificial diet improved the growth and feed conversion ratio of fish.


Immune cells are known to infiltrate human gliomas, but their implication in immunosurveillance is controversial. Since these infiltrates have been observed only at terminal stages of glioma development, it is not defined whether immunoediting occurs in these tumors. Alternatively, defective afferent immunity may delay a potent anti-tumor response, which is then overwhelmed by the tumor outgrowth. Finally, immune cells infiltrating gliomas may have poor anti-tumor competency, or may even promote tumor growth from early stages. In this study, a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous astrocytoma (GFAP-V12HA-ras or RasB8 mice) was analyzed to address these issues. Brain-infiltrating immune cells were characterized at different stages of tumor development. In addition, this model was used to determine whether the local immune balance in spontaneous gliomas could be tilted towards effector immune responses.


• The staff report prepared by a staff team of the IMF, following discussions that ended on October 22, 2009, with the officials of People's Republic of China—Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on economic developments and policies. Based on information available at the time of these discussions, the staff report was completed on November 3, 2009. The views expressed in the staff report are those of the staff team and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Board of the IMF.


The economic growth experienced by western countries after World War II led to the increase in birth rates and as a result, the number of young people with the possibility of university studies also increased. The higher number of university students trained in both sciences and humanities, added to the disappointment arising from the foreign affairs politics of some of these countries (mainly the United States), favored a change in social values that rocked the established regimes. The confrontation between the new social conceptions defended by the university community and governments in Europe and the United States were made clearly visible in the riots against the Vietnam War, in the United States, and the so-called "French May" in Europe. Result of all this was the beginning of the change of thinking universities as engines of social change and, consequently, a change in the universities. In Spain, then dominated by the regime of General Franco, the change came a little later and culminated in a plan of new universities that gave rise to the creation, among others, of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. [Contrib Sci 11:1-6 (2015)]


The work presents the main patterns of spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric total moisture over the Siberian region territory depending on the season and the physico-geographical conditions. The total moisture of the atmosphere was estimated on the basis of the model profiles of vertical distribution of the specific humidity up to an altitude of 30 km and with a large vertical resolution in the atmospheric boundary layer. The distribution of mean and extreme values of the total moisture was studied in the atmospheric boundary layer, in the troposphere and in the 0-30 km layer of the atmosphere for different physical and geographical regions of Siberia.


Recently, banks have been providing their electronic services to customers remotely. This technological innovation by E– banking systems has been accompanied by several risks in addition to benefits it has brought about to customers one of which is operational risks. Banks need to identify this risk in order to manage it. Present research identifies, compares, and ranks factors affecting operational E-banking risks in viewpoints of customers and employees of Kermanshah Melli bank. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed to 300 employees and 384 customers of Kermanshah Melli bank randomly cluster. The method of this study is descriptivesurvey research. The first half of the year of 2012 constituted study period. One-Sample T-Test, Friedman ranking Test and Independent Samples Test were employed to test hypotheses, to rank factors affecting operational risks and Comparison the amount of effective factors on the operational risks of electronic banking at Melli Bank of among employees and customers, respectively results indicate that hypotheses (1-5) support effects the factors (data accuracy, internal controls, technological infrastructure, access to systems, and security) have on Melli bank operational E-banking risks; hypothesis (6) Ranks each of the 5-fold factors are not equal and In factors (Security), employees opinion is more than customers,. But In factors (Data accuracy, Technological infrastructures, Access to systems), customers opinion is more than employees. This research concludes with some recommendations to Kermanshah Melli bank in order to manage and lower operational E-banking risks.


Objective:To investigate the clinicopathologic features of Seborrheic Kerdtosis(SK)in the face and neck.Method:The clinical manifestations and histopathological features of 169 cases of SK in the face and neck were retrospectively analyzed. Result:SK in the face and neck Occurs mainly in middle-aged and elderly individuals and males were more frequently affected than females. The zygomaticobuccal region is the site most commonly affected. Clinically,SK is easily confused with nevi,flat warts/common warts,papilloma,keratoacanthoma,basal cell carcinoma,melanoma,etc.The correct diagnosis depends on the histopathological examination. Conclusion:SK is a common benign cutaneous lesion in the face and neck. However,SK is often misdiagnosed clinically. Recognization the clinicopathologic features of this tumor is helpful avoid misdiagnosis.


In this paper we present a new approach for identifying an equivalent circuit for the impedance of an aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna (AC-MSPA). We then use this equivalent circuit to develop a simple design procedure for the AC-MSPA.


The purpose of this study was to activate marina development by empirically analyzing the development determinants of the marina, to provide the basic date for the effective implementation of 'the 2nd Marina Port Basic Plan' and marina industrial development. To accomplish the study goal, the survey was conducted with 356 locals residing in five marina development regions of three districts. The factors relative to the marina development included general characteristics such as age, income level, interest group, residential area, and the reasons of conflicts such as collectivism, exclusion from the development process, and the environmental problems. The marina development pros and cons (approval or opposition) and marina development conflict types (profit or value conflict) were used as the dependent variables. The following results were obtained by using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program to perform the technical statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and logistic regression analysis. First, as a result of analyzing the marina development pros and cons, age, income level, interest group, residential area, and residence period among demographic characteristics were significant. Second, the factors of collectivism and exclusion of development process among the causes of conflict were significant. Third, age, income level, and residential area among demographic characteristics were significant factors.


Propolis is a natural resinous substance (bee glue) collected by honey bees. The aim of the study was to perform phytochemical analysis of different extracts of propolis viz. ethanolic extract, methanolic extract and water extract. The antibacterial activity was studied by using Well diffusion method and Macro Broth dilution method against Salmonella typhimurium at different concentration like 100mg/ml, 150mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 250mg/ml, 300mg/ml and the results have been presented here.


A method for evaluating the active component of the impedance of a pin diode is proposed. The method is based on the measurement of the diode insertion loss as a function of the direct current of the forward bias, followed by computer processing the data obtained. Results of investigations of Si and GaAs pin diodes are presented.


Recently, an integration of wireless sensor network with energy harvesters is getting more interested because it can extend the life time of battery in a sensor node, which is very important in many applications. This paper presents the concept of energy analysis in Zigbee based wireless sensor network, which is powered by a piezoelectric energy harvester to optimize the algorithms used in wireless sensor network. In this work, difference aspects related to piezoelectric energy harvester, characteristic of power consumption in Zigbee based wireless sensor node and concept of optimizing algorithms to balance input and output power in the integrated system are proposed. Keywords: energy harvesting, piezoelectric transducer, Zigbee based wireless sensor network


Rhythmological processes have received an increased interest in psychiatrie research in recent years. The most well known and most frequently studied phenomenon in this context surely is the diurnal variation in depression (Kitanishi et al. 1982). Diurnal variations ofmood have been described as a characteristic of depression for a considerable time now (Ki/oh and Garside 1963; Winokuret al. 1969). The variable "diurnal variations" plays a role in the assessment of severity of depression (e. g. depression scale by von Zerssen 1976), as a diagnostic criterion in various diagnostic systems (see Bemeret al. 1983) or as a criterion for differences in the response to therapy (e. g. Fähndrich 1987). In view ofthe relevance ofthis variable the question ofits reliable assessment must be considered. In regard to this problem the following questions shall be dealt with: I) How are global statements concerning the assessment of diurnal variations distributed among different sampIes of patients and healthy subjects? 2) To what extent do global statements agree with other criteria for the assessment of the type of diurnal variations? 3) 00 different time patterns emerge for different types of diurnal variations?


LC Panoramic maps (2nd ed.), 1075
Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.
Shows points of interest.
AACR2: 651/1; 700/1; 710/2


Modern accountancy offers top management ever more sophisticated instruments, thus enabling it to base its decisions not only on 'experience/intuition' but also on the rationalization of data for solving investment problems.


In 1956,Weihui Bao published a series of critical articles that center on the topic of why good films were so rare,among which Zhong Dian-fei's Drum of Motion Picture is most striking.All these articles concerned about the artistic nature of films.This essay,by looking back on the discussion,tries to probe into the above issue and makes some suggestion about the current film criticism.


Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to recruit pregnant women between 24 and 28weeks of gestation. Blood and stress/ emotional indicators were obtained after informed consent. Plasma was abstracted to simultaneously measure 29 cytokines/ chemokines using a multiplex array. Cytokine/chemokine levels were compared with continuous variables using Spearman's rho and with categorical variables using Mann–Whitney U.


The biocontrol fungi, Trichoderma spp. are the most important biocontrol agent and have been used extensively worldwide for the management of various plant pathogens. Twenty isolates of Trichoderma (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum) were isolated from rhizosphere of different crops and location of Andaman district, Andaman and Nicobar Island and tested in vitro against sclerotium rolfsii causing stem rot of brinjal. In vitro test of these antagonist against test pathogen under non-volatile condition revealed that all isolates significantly inhibited the S. rolfsii in vitro (>80% inhibition), but the isolates Th-CARI1 to Th-CARI5 was most effective in parasitizing the test pathogen with >90% inhibition. Under volatile condition there was a significant variation in the percentage inhibition (16.7% - 61%). PCR-RFLP amplified fragments with ITS1 and ITS4 primer of these isolates showed clear difference among the Trichoderma isolates with overall 69% similarity. However the Trichoderma isolates Thr-1, Tv-3, GH4-1 and Thr 1(2) \ were found 90% similarity.