We define a general scheme for the evolution of fragmentation functions which resums both soft gluon logarithms and mass singularities in a consistent manner and to any order, and requires no additional theoretical assumptions. Using the double logarithmic approximation and the known perturbative results for the splitting functions, we present our scheme with the complete contribution from the double logarithms, being the largest soft gluon logarithms. We show that the resulting approximation is more complete than the modified leading logarithm approximation even with the fixed order contribution calculated to leading order only, and find, after using it to fit quark and gluon fragmentation functions to experimental data, that this approximation in our scheme gives a good description of the data from the largest ${x}_{p}$ values to the peak region in $\ensuremath{\xi}=\mathrm{ln}(1/{x}_{p})$, in contrast to other approximations. In addition, we develop a treatment of hadron mass effects which gives additional improvements at large $\ensuremath{\xi}$.


Delves into the mind of the strategic thinker. The aim of this examination is to establish the conceptual foundations for a new theory of strategic thinking that looks at this process from an individual perspective. This will be accomplished by merging two separate strains of strategy research into a single strategic thinking philosophy. The two strains of strategy research that will be utilized include cognitive simplification tools and personal cognitive style. This foundational work opens the door to a new perspective on how strategic thinking is conducted and creates avenues for future empirical investigation into the mind of the strategist.


In a low‐temperature, low‐pressure cesium plasma environment, special conditions have been found which exhibit unidirectional conduction of a current over a physical interelectrode space of a size up to 1 mm between two plane parallel electrodes. The spacing is determined by the need to maintain a high enough cesium pressure in the present setup. The cesium emitter has a temperature of 800 K or lower. Current densities of 100–200 A cm−2 during steady state and up to 500 A cm−2 under non‐steady‐state conditions are reported. The experiments give a semiconducting resistivity between the electrodes as low as 10−3 Ω m, usually around 10−2 Ω m. The special plasma conditions are probably due to excited states of cesium atoms, which condense to form an excited state of matter. Such a type of matter has been predicted to exist on theoretical grounds by Manykin et al. and was stated to have metallic electrons. We propose that the conduction observed involves electron transfer from the cold electrode, through the e...


It is shown that in 2+1 dimensions the Fermi-Walker gauge allows the general solution of the problem of determining the metric from the sources in terms of simple quadratures. This technique is used to solve the problem of the occurrence of closed time like curves (CTC's) in stationary solutions. In fact the Fermi-Walker gauge, due to its physical nature, allows to exploit the weak energy condition and in this connection it is proved that, both for open and closed universes with axial symmetry, the energy condition imply the total absence of closed time like curves. The extension of this theorem to the general stationary problem, in absence of axial symmetry is considered and at present the proof of such generalization is subject to some assumptions on the behavior of the determinant of the dreibeins in this gauge.


Malnutrition is one of the global burdens of disease affecting children under-five in the developing world and has a bidirectional relation with diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) effects on diarrhea and to assess its relationship with the nutritional status among exposed and non-exposed children under the age of five years. A prospective cohort of 434 children under-five was recruited and followed up for 12 months in Lalitpur. Socio-demographic, clinical, and anthropometric measurements of the participants were recorded using the World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus. The observed incidence of diarrheal illness was 1.81 episodes per child/year (95% Confifence Interval (CI):1.75–1.87). Among poor WASH exposures, 63 (29.2%) children had diarrhea and among non-exposures, 59 (27.1%) had diarrhea. A total of 183 children (42.2%) had linear growth retardation (stunted), and 270 (62.2%) were malnourished. Hazards of diarrhea among exposed groups were 1.235 (95% CI: 0.785-1.943) times higher than in non-exposed groups. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the government and health organizations should plan Safe WASH activities or interventions for local communities. Moreover, they should encourage social support and promote behavioral change for adopting safe WASH practices.


This study examines the linguistic challenges encountered in subtitling Islamic TV programs from Arabic to English. The formal and cultural discrepancies between the two languages cause some gaps in translation between them given their different lexical and grammatical systems. Linguistic features such as polysemy, semantic change, idioms as well as description of grammatical rules are common pitfalls that cause mistranslations in this area. These difficulties are further complicated by the space and time constraints which limit the amount of text shown on the screen and, thus, prevent the subtitler from clarifying ambiguous sections of the ST. Christian Nord's functional translation-oriented text analysis model is employed to analyze a sample of four real-life examples taken from programs broadcast on Al-Arabiya Channel and Iqraa TV. Findings show that documentary translation is suitable for the problems of lexical complexity while instrumental translation can overcome the difficulties of translating idioms and description of Arabic grammar to English-speaking viewers. Besides, the strategies of omission, condensation and compensation seem to be a necessity together with creative adaptations to maximize the communicativeness of the subtitles.


While significant existing scholarship has confirmed that accessibility to " macro " transportation systems, such as transit, creates some value for real estate, few studies have examined the capitalized effect of " micro " transportation modes on property values. Even, despite the increased ridership and market shares of carsharing and bikesharing services, empirical evidence on its property value capitalization effects of the emerging transportation services remains far less limited. In this context, this research examines the residential value uplift induced from the proximity to carsharing (Zipcar) and bikesharing (CitiBike) services in New York City by employing Spatial Durbin Models with sales transaction data that are reported in the New York City Department of Finance in 2018. The results indicate that all else equal, single-family housing near CitiBike station sold at higher prices; a 10 percent decrease in distance was associated with a 4.1 percent increase in its value. The proximity to Zipcar and CitiBike services were positively valued in the multi-family housing market. Specifically, a 10 percent decrease in distance was associated with a 1.1 and 3.5 percent increase in the value of the housing, respectively.


A ceramic material is a brittle hard heat resistance and corrosion resistance material it is a made by non material such as clay in this research work alumina as a base material and zerconia as a reinforcement material, alumina reinforced with zerconia matrix composites made by powder metallurgy sintering method with different weight percentage of reinforcement such as 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. Nontraditional machines are used to machining the brittle material because to improve dimensional accuracy of the cutting portion in this work micro abrasive air jet drilling machine is used to remove the unwanted material on the work piece (ceramic composites) in this case 30 µm size of non uniform shaped silicon carbide (SiC) as a abrasive, this present work to optimize the machining parameters on the MRR and kerf by using Taguchi technique, consider input parameters are pressure, abrasive flow rate, standoff distance and nozzle diameter. To conducted experiment on micro abrasive air jet drilling machine (MAADM) as per L 27 Orthogonal array (OA) with four input parameters three levels and to analyze the process parameters impact on MRR and kerf and determine the percentage contribution of each parameter on response by ANOVA (General Linear Model) to check the predicted values at 99% confidence level.


To accompany her installation at the Toronto Sculpture Garden, Miller explores images of plenitude from Antiquity and the Baconian secularization of "utopia", drawing a connection to advertsing. Randolph contributes a descriptive analysis of the work. Biographical notes. 3 bibl. ref.


In this work we present the equations that describe the structure of neutron stars, as well as different models that describe the properties of the neutron star matter, using Skyrme nuclear interactions. From the data obtained in the gravitational waves detected in recent years we determine which models are still valid to describe the neutron star matter and which are not.


This study was conducted in the Department of Rural Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2016. Unnecessary and improper use of pesticides produces many kinds of health hazards. Objectives of the present study are to access the knowledge, attitude and practices of farmers regarding use of pesticide and its implications on their health. The study was conducted in rural area of district Okara and 180 respondents were interviewed for collection of data through using multistage sampling technique. The results showed that the educational level of 39.4% of the respondents was below primary, 42.2% of the respondents had poor level of knowledge and 39.4% of the respondents were cultivating less than five acres of land. A highly significant association (p = 0.000***) between level of knowledge and level of practicing PPEs is found. With regards to implications on health hazards, 90.6% of the respondents reported headache followed by skin irritation (90.%), dizziness (36.7%), eye irritation (17.2%) and fever (16.1%). It needs to provide proper knowledge and training to the farmers regarding safe use and handling of pesticide to farmers.


A kind of data-translating system includes pattern inference module and export module.The pattern inference module is configured for being created dynamically for the accumulation mode of the object retrieved from the first data source.Each of described object retrieved includes the metadata that (i) data and (ii) describe the data.Accumulation mode described in dynamic creation includes: (i) to be inferred to mode for each object in the object retrieved from the object and (ii) updates the accumulation mode selectively to describe the object according to the mode being inferred to.The export module is configured for that the data of the object retrieved are output to data destination system according to the accumulation mode.


Ubiquitous 21st century technologies create an increasingly transparent society, leading some to suggest that the meanings of privacy are less relevant in these sociotechnical realms, particularly among millenial youth. The design of sociotechnical systems is clearly influenced by shifting social norms and values of privacy. Discursive research provides unique insights into the shifting meanings of privacy in 21st century sociotechnical realms. The goal of this project is to to provide an empirical examination of the discourses about privacy's meaning to young adults, particularly college-aged youth, using semantic network analysis methods. In particular, we examine whether there are differential values of privacy depending on gender, and also in developmental shifts during college-age years. Participants (N=61) were 33 female (54%) and 28 male (46%) undergraduate students (average age 20.17, SD = 1.32). In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted using open-ended questions and hypothetical scenarios. A total of 28 hours of recorded text were transcribed, yielding 371 pages of single-spaced text. Analysis of the text was conducted using Leximancer semantic network software to generate conceptual maps, knowledge pathways, and concept co-occurrences. Results indicate that privacy is meaningful to young adults, yet in varied ways: Males more typically articulate privacy in material and informational terms, while females tend to articulate privacy in relational terms. A shift in the meaning of privacy is also seen in young adults' developmental phases: Younger adults showed more concern for relational privacy aspects, whereas upperclassmen defined privacy in material and informational terms. Thus as students near graduation, material consequences become more salient and shift concerns of privacy away from the relational issues more common in early college years. This study expands understanding of discursive meanings of privacy in sociotechnical realms, providing key insights that can be incorporated in the design of privacy-enhanced sociotechnical systems. This study also opens up a new perspective for technology and policy design to consider relational aspects of privacy along with material privacy concerns.


Precipitation and coating techniques that proved successful for lead scandium niobate were tried with lead scandium tantalate. The Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} did not prove to be a useful substrate for the precipitating carbonates, but the resulting fine-particle-size powder lowered the sintering temperature to 1375{degrees}C with only 0.4 wt% PbO loss. Annealed samples showed shifts in the dielectric response and sharpening of infrared and x-ray diffraction patterns, but little development of super lattice.


This paper describes the morphological difference of A, agrarius from different areas in eastern continental China. The author suggests that A. agrarius can be divided into two subspecies after the comparison of the clearness of the black dorsal stripe and the colour of their dorsal hair.
The two subspecies are: A. a. manchuricus and A. a. ningpoensis. A previously claimed subspecies -A.a.pallidior shows no distinctive feature over the classification. Samples of A.a.pallidior taken from north of Qinling Mountains to the Huai River line have very similar dorsal coloration and black stripe with that of A,a.manchuricus, while samples taken from south of the above line have very similar dorsal coloration and black stripe with that of A. a. ningpoensis.
The distribution of A. a. manchuricius and A. a, ningpoensis is demarcated along the Qinling Mountains to Huai River line which is also the eastern boundary of the Palacarctic Realm and Oriental Realm in China's animal geographic division.


Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a prominent crop in today's agriculture. However, information about its behavior at different doses of NPK fertilization is scarce. The aim of this work was to determine the ideal fertilizer dose for the buckwheat cultivar IPR 91 Baili by establishing the dose-response curve. Two experiments were carried out (greenhouse and in the field). The treatments consisted of different doses of NPK (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg ha-1). After the crop cycle, productivity was obtained. There was a statistical difference between the treatments and the control, in both experiments. The lowest yields were obtained in the controls, 2,301.156 and 2,262.500 kg ha-1, and the highest 4,052.023 and 4,027.778 kg ha-1 at the dose of 500 kg ha-1, in the greenhouse and in the field, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the NPK doses for the yield obtained. The rural producer must use the lowest dose (100 kg ha-1). Future experiments are needed to evaluate the culture response to doses below 100 kg ha-1.


Warren Bungey, Cordek Ltd, UK, explains the benefits which tailor-made polystyrene formwork can offer a range of applications or design requirements.


Design decisions should take quality characteristics into account. To support such decisions, we capture various solution artifacts with different levels of satisfying quality requirements as variabilities in the solution space and provide them with rationales for selecting suitable variants. We present a UML-based approach to modeling variability in the problem and the solution space by adopting the notion of feature modeling. It provides a mapping of requirements variability to design solution variability to be used as a part of a general process for generating design alternatives. Our approach supports the software engineer in the process of decision-making for selecting suitable solution variants, reflecting quality concerns, and reasoning about it.


Seismic activity and an anomalous fumarolic chemical composition due to seal effect in the volcanic system of Deception Island (Antarctica). In this communication, the genesis of great anomalous seismic activity registered during austral summer 2003/2004 on Deception Island (Antarctica) is discussed, and related with changes on the chemical composition of fumarolic gases and vent deposits. Here we present a comparative analysis performed to explain this activity. We propose a possible parcial seal of the microfracture system. This effect allows an increase on pressure follow by reopening of microfractures, resulting on a sequence of seismic events and changes on the chemical composition of fumarolic emissions.


The development of lecturers performance and skill is one of urgent efforts in promoting the quality of instruction. "Applied Approach" program is more efficient. To continue and miantain this program. However, it is essentialto search for its effectiveness, liability, and merit. The research outcomes will be beneficial particularly for constructing the game program for the future purpose.


With the rapid development of road traffic, real-time vehicle counting is very important in the construction of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Compared with traditional technologies, the video-based method for vehicle counting shows great importance and huge advantages in its low cost, high efficiency, and flexibility. However, many methods find difficulty in balancing the accuracy and complexity of the algorithm. For example, compared with traditional and simple methods, deep learning methods may achieve higher precision, but they also greatly increase the complexity of the algorithm. In addition to that, most of the methods only work under one mode of color, which is a waste of available information. Considering the above, a multi-loop vehicle-counting method under gray mode and RGB mode was proposed in this paper. Under gray and RGB modes, the moving vehicle can be detected more completely; with the help of multiple loops, vehicle counting could better deal with different influencing factors, such as driving behavior, traffic environment, shooting angle, etc. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to count vehicles with more than 98.5% accuracy while dealing with different road scenes.


Data obtained by the NASA-launched European Space Agency's International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite suggests the possibility of a massive black hole at the center of some globular clusters (star groups) in our galaxy. Six of these clusters, three of them X-ray sources, were closely examined. Onboard short wavelength UV instrumentation penetrated the background denseness of the clusters 15,000 light years away where radiation, probably from a group of 10 to 20 bright blue stars orbiting the core, was observed. The stars may well be orbiting a massive black hole the size of 1,000 solar systems. The existence of the black hole is uncertain. The dynamics of the stars must be studied first to determine how they rotate in relation to the center of the million-star cluster. This may better indicate what provides the necessary gravitational pull that holds them in orbit.


The presented cases represent patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with heparin infusion who developed brainstem infarction after discontinuation of heparin treatment. The patients did not present genetic coagulopathy. Others risk factors were analyzed, and the discontinuation of heparin infusion was also considered to have a predominant role in the development of infarction.


Aims One of the main goals of current study was to develop X-ray microCT based approach for investigation of phase distribution inside pore space of rock samples. This information has fundamental scientific interest (for instance, studying of fluids/ions migration, formation of properties) and can be used in practice in different areas of Oil-gas industry, e.g. for optimization of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods, analysis of mechanisms of reservoir formation damage etc.. Low X-ray attenuation coefficients of substances which typically fill the rock pores (oil/water/ice/clay and etc) in comparison with solid rock matrix make the phases almost invisible in microCT experiments. At the same time, saturating phases with small amount (in most cases less than 1% of mass) of X-ray contrast agents allows sufficient improvement of saturating phases visibility in 3D and building the 3D phase distribution map inside porous rock. Current study shows results of different physico-chemical approaches to improve contrast of phases inside saturated rock.


We propose an all-fiber design concept for Talbot-based denoising passive enhancement of temporal waveforms using four-wave-mixing, and demonstrate about an order-of-magnitude improvement in the operation bandwidth × amplification factor (> 150 GHz) versus previous electrooptic designs.


In one or two points the volume is incomplete. Nothing is told us for instance of rites de passage, except that marriage does not seem to involve any ceremony at all, and nothing even of how the dead are disposed of. Nothing is said of language, and this is unfortunate as one would like to known how far, if at all, there is a common linguistic element in the tongues of the Apa Tanis and of their so different neighbours. The index is not worthy of the text of the volume. One conclusion in the treatment of religion and the moral order can be accepted only with reserve. The author suggests that' the ideology and world view of the Apa Tanis may have remained basically unchanged since the days of their migrations which brought them to their present habitat, a time when their economy and general style of living were presumably similar to that of the Daflas and Miris', and their ' uniquely favourable environment' has caused the far-reaching changes in their social structure without a ' comparable development in moral concepts '. It seems at any rate equally possible that the choice of their valley as an habitat was dictated by the possession of a culture never enjoyed by their present neighbours, isolation among whom may have led to a deterioration in Apa Tani ideology to match the surrounding standard.


Manufacturing technology of five Axis Machine is more difficult than three Axis Machine,so its manufacture has not been nationalized for a long time.And controlling technolgy and programming of five Axis Machining are difficult .A method to compile NC program in MasterCAM is put forward, and the simulation with a example is introduced.All this can simplify the designing, shorten the cycle of design, and increase the working efficiency.The simulation of five Axis Machining is of practical significance.


11B chemical shift anisotropies (CSAs) have been obtained for tetrahedral and trigonal boron sites in tetraphenyl borates, datolite (CaBSiO4(OH)), danburite (CaB2Si2O8), colemanite (CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O), borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O), and Li2B4O7 from solid-state 11B NMR spectra recorded at 14.1 T. These parameters along with 11B quadrupole couplings and the relative orientation of the quadrupole coupling and CSA tensors have been determined from either the manifold of spinning sidebands observed for the satellite transitions in 11B MAS NMR spectra or single-crystal NMR spectra of the satellite transitions. Furthermore, the potential of the MQMAS experiment for determination of small 11B CSAs is illustrated for the trigonal boron site in Li2B4O7. The 11B single-crystal NMR spectra of the satellite transitions are strongly dominated by the first-order quadrupolar interaction, which may prevent a direct determination of small CSAs. However, an improved precision of the CSA parameters and the Euler angles, describing th...


Knowledge of science and technology has become increasingly important in American society. As the need for technical and scientific information increases, educators must examine a variety of curriculum practices that will enhance student learning. How tradebooks, newspapers, magazines, and other supplemental reading materials can be used to enhance textbook reading in the middle school science classroom is examined. An integrated literature and science curriculum is proposed that expands the definition of literature to include all narrative and nonnarrative materials that support textbook reading. The tenets of an integrated literature and science curriculum are outlined, and several examples of them are provided.


The invention discloses a hot melt adhesive for mattresses and sofas and a preparation method thereof. The hot melt adhesive comprises: 40-60 parts of amorphous poly-alpha-olefin, 20-40 parts of petroleum resin and 0.5-1.5 parts of an anti-ageing agent. By employing the above technical scheme for preparing the hot melt adhesive for mattresses and sofas, the employed raw materials are all environment-friendly materials and are free of toxic and side effects on human body. The hot melt adhesive has relatively strong adhesive force on various materials in mattresses and sofas, uniform in adhesive effect, not easy to age, long in adhesive-force keeping time and excellent in cold resistance and heat resistance, the operation process is smooth, filament drawing phenomenon does not happen, and neatness of a processed position and operation environment can be well kept.


In this article, a new class of dual‐/tri‐band and ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filters (BPFs) using novel multi‐mode resonators are proposed. The classical even‐/odd‐mode method is applied to analyze the resonant characteristics of the proposed resonators, which exhibit controllable resonant modes with different dimension parameters under the same configuration. According to the analysis, three resonators with quad‐/penta‐/sext‐mode resonant characteristics are obtained by choosing the specific dimension parameters. Then, the quad‐mode resonator is used to design a dual‐wideband BPF centred at 2.39/5.14 GHz with 3‐dB fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 36.9%/18.9%, and the penta‐mode resonator is utilized to design an UWB BPF with 3‐dB FBW of 102.2%, whereas the sext‐mode resonator is applied to design a tri‐band BPF with centre frequencies of 2.09/3.52/5.46 GHz and 3‐dB FBWs of 11.3%/20%/12.1%. All these three filters are fabricated and measured, and the measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.


The phenomenon wherein a group of residential, utility-connected, photovoltaic inverters continue to operate even after loss of the utility source is known as 'islanding.' Islanded operation is undesirable since it can jeopardize the safety of utility personnel as well as cause damage to connected equipment. Analytical methods for the study of islanding have been presented in the companion paper [1]. It has been shown therein that a power-flow analysis type of method can be effectively used to identify the electrical frequency at which a power balance can be achieved in an islanded system. If such a frequency exists then islanding is possible. At this predicted frequency, largesignal Describing Function analysis and small-signal stability analysis can be used to determine if islanding will actually occur. In the present paper the methods are extended to the analysis of systems containing multiple power conditioning systems (PCS). Beginning with a general state-variable format, models are defined for power-flow analysis, describing functions analysis, and small-signal stability analysis. The methods above are used to study islanding in several test systems. Three types of PCSs are studied-the Gemini manufactured by Windworks, Inc., the Teslaco manufactured by Teslaco, Inc., and


The study was intended to find out the balance of the ability of mathematical understanding of the mathematical disposition of seventh graders pgri waled district cirebon. The research method used was mixed method research with sequential explanatory design design.. The quantitative data retrieval USES ethnoth-based problems to determine the students' mathematical comprehension capability, which is by combining sundandian culture into triangular and fourth matter. Whereas the dispositional data is taken through angkets created with Google form. Meanwhile, qualitative data are drawn through interview activities with selected subjects from each level of students' mathematical dispositions considering the ability of a student's mathematical understanding. Based on product product coent from Pearson acquired a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.279 > 0.05 then  is accepted. Meaning there is no link between the ability of a student's mathematical understanding of the student's mathematical disposition. The result of qualitative analysis is also unequaled in the ability of a mathematical understanding of mathematical dispositions through a matter of sundanese ethnomathematically based culture.
Keyword : Mathematical comprehension capability, mathematical disposition, ethnomatemathic


The purpose of this study is to determine the level of antibiotic residues in poultry meat sold in the city of Almaty, which is a megacity of Kazakhstan, and compare it with the Minimum Residue Level set by World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization. Determination of hormonal growth stimulators (progesterone, testosterone, estradiol-17β) and antibiotics (tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin) in poultry was carried out using immunoassay according to the manufacturer's instruction. The results of monitoring showed that in the Almaty region annually wholesale deliveries of meat products from the USA, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia are carried out regularly. On average in the region from 2016 to 2019, the specific weight meat imports averaged 47.9% of total consumption. A total of 105 samples were examined by us between 2019 and 2020, including 63-import meat and 42 samples of the meat of local production. Due to the particular importance of this problem, the main focus of the article`s goal is to conduct monitoring studies on imported and domestic meat for the residual content of hormones and antibiotics in poultry meat. As a result of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of poultry meat, an excess level of maximum residue was detected in eight brands of imported meat.


This 3-year study evaluated the effectiveness of the Second Step–Student Success Through Prevention (SS-SSTP) social-emotional learning program on increasing prosocial behaviors that could serve as protective factors against peer conflict and bullying among students with disabilities. Participants included 123 students with disabilities across 12 schools in Midwest United States. Students labelled with a disability were selected for inclusion. Students completed self-report measures of school belonging, empathy, caring, and willingness to intervene in bullying situations. Report card grades and standardized test scores were collected from school records. Students with disabilities in the intervention schools reported a statistical and clinical significant increase in willingness to intervene in bullying incidents in comparison with students with disabilities in control schools and an increase of half a grade on their report cards in comparison with the control sample. The current study demonstrates the promise of social-emotional learning programming for students with disabilities.


Abstract A rigorous mechano-lattice analogy analysis for calculating the hysteretic sliding friction of and stresses in rubber sliding on variously shaped asperities is presented. The analysis allows large strains and any Poisson's Ratio, rigidity or damping factor of the rubber. The analysis was used to calculate the distributions of minor principal stress in rubber sliding over smooth and frictional prisms with different sharpnesses and over a cylinder. The potentially disruptive stress regions were thus revealed and compared. The effect of changes in the Poisson's Ratio and of the damping factor of the rubber were also examined. It was postulated that the fine texture generates more stress-strain hysteretic heat which may lead to the more rapid abrasion observed by some workers.


In this speech Koop continued his campaign to improve health care and the quality of life for children with disabilities,
 most prominently children who require the aid of a mechanical ventilator to breathe. Koop urged that home care be made available
 to such children, in place of much more expensive care at hospitals which were often located far from the child's family.
 Koop sought ways to make funds form Medicaid, the joint state and federal system of health care for the poor and disabled,
 available to pay for such home care.


1) We did not discuss the use of more detailed datasets that are certainly available for Kenya, because the intent of the manuscript was to use a rare dataset that to our knowledge is only available in Kenya to develop a LULCC model approach that can be used across SSA for land surface modeling applications. Based on the literature, we believe that the functional relationships developed here will be different than for more developed regions such as North America where arable farmland is more accessible.


The problem of general index coding with side information is investigated for the case of three receivers. We view the problem as a special case of lossy source coding with side information at the decoders, and we find the optimal rate.


The invention discloses a catalyst for degrading 1, 2-dichloroethane. The preparing method for the catalyst is as follows: by means of a volume deposit method, enabling palladium ions in a precursor of palladium metal to be deposited on the surface of carrier gamma-aluminum oxide in a deposit mode, separating and drying a loading carrier, restoring the palladium ions into the palladium metal at 300 DEG C-400 DEG C in a hydrogen atmosphere, moving the palladium metal after restoring into precursor solution of copper metal, enabling copper irons to be restored into the copper metal on the surface of the palladium metal under the effect of the hydrogen, forming palladium and copper alloy, and drying the alloy to obtain the catalyst. By means of the palladium and copper alloy formed on the surface of the catalyst, the selectivity restoring effect of the 1, 2-dichloroethane can be effectively improved, selectivity of a product of ethylene can be improved, and reutilization of a pollutant of the 1, 2-dichloroethane can be fully achieved.


We describe a process of restitution of nine unethically acquired human skeletons to their families, together with attempts at redress. Between 1925–1927 C.E., the skeletonised remains of nine San or Khoekhoe people, eight of them known-in-life, were removed from their graves on the farm Kruisrivier, near Sutherland in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. They were donated to the Anatomy Department at the University of Cape Town. This was done without the knowledge or permission of their families. The donor was a medical student who removed the remains from the labourers' cemetery on his family farm. Nearly 100 years later, the remains are being returned to their community, accompanied by a range of community-driven interdisciplinary historical, archaeological and analytical (osteobiographic, craniofacial, ancient DNA, stable isotope) studies to document, as far as possible, their lives and deaths. The restitution process began by contacting families living in the same area with the same surnames as the deceased. The restitution and redress process prioritises the descendant families' memories, wishes and desire to understand the situation, and learn more about their ancestors. The descendant families have described the process as helping them to reconnect with their ancestors. A richer appreciation of their ancestors' lives, gained in part from scientific analyses, culminating with reburial, is hoped to aid the descendant families and wider community in [re-]connecting with their heritage and culture, and contribute to restorative justice, reconciliation and healing while confronting a traumatic historical moment. While these nine individuals were exhumed as specimens, they will be reburied as people.


A theoretical consideration shows that ternary systems consisting of benzene, perfluorobenzene and ethanol, n-propanol, or isobutanol have two (saddle and positive) ternary azeotropes each, whose pressure-induced evolution terminates with the formation of a ternary tangential ternary azeotrope. An analysis of series of ternary azeotropes showed that the benzene-perfluorobenzene-methanol system also has two ternary azeotropes.


The corrosion behavior of a Mg-15Li alloy in alkaline solution of NaCl was investigated by means of electrochemical means,and the corroded surface was examined by using SEM.The result showed that a stable film was formed on the alloy surface under the condition of pH=13 and concentration of Cl-less than 0.1 mol/L;the pitting corrosion potential gradually decreased with the increase of Cl-concentration.


Since aluminum and germanium are two of the most easily incorporated impurities in crystalline quartz, the relationship of the color centers produced by x irradiation to these elements has been studied extensively. Previous work based on irradiation at 300°K has indicated that one type of electron‐deficient center is produced at aluminum, two kinds of electron‐excess centers are associated with germanium, and local charge neutrality is maintained by the insertion of an interstitial Na+ or Li+ ion at the germanium site. We have studied this system after irradiation at 77°K by conventional methods of EPR spectroscopy (9500 Mc/sec) and have discovered a new set of low‐temperature centers associated with these impurities. By identification of nuclear hfs and modification of the interstitial content through diffusion in an electric field, it is established that the same number of species is produced under these conditions but that the interstitial is located at the aluminum site. Detailed observations on the g...


Efficient gold-modified-Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 photocatalysts have been synthesized and employed for nitrobenzene degradation under UV-visible illumination. The results revealed that the prepared Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-Au photocatalysts displayed magnetic properties. In addition, the modification of Au reduced the energy of the band gap of the photocatalyst, increased the responsiveness of TiO2 to visible light, and enhanced the photoactivity for nitrobenzene degradation. The optimum photocatalytic activity was obtained when 4% of Au was added to Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2. The photodegradation percentages of 20 mg/L of nitrobenzene using Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-Au 4%, at pH 7 for 75 min under UV and visible light were 94.2% and 93.16%, respectively.


In order to improve slope stability analysis for heterogeneous conditions, the three dimensional behavior of groundwater flow in heterogeneous geological structures was considered. Three dimensional saturated-unsaturated groundwater flow simulation for calculating groundwater behavior in heterogeneous conditions was developed to investigate the effects of heterogeneous hydrogeological structure on slope stability analysis. FEM analysis considering shear strength reduction was used for slope stability analysis. Stability analysis by the Fellenius method was also applied for comparison with the three dimensional analysis. Different safety factors were computed for different three dimensional heterogeneous slopes. The results show that the safety factors of the three dimensional analyses are much larger than those of the two dimensional analyses.


Patterning of glass or plastic substrates in the form of shallow square patches is a promising method of increasing the storage density for magneto‐optical disks. The sidewalls of the patches pin the reverse‐magnetized domains that develop in these samples. Confinement of domains within the patch boundaries during thermomagnetic recording has also been demonstrated. We have measured polarization conversion of the incident light on the sidewalls of the patches; a method to reduce the amount of such polarization conversion is proposed in this article.


ABSTRACT The free-electron laser amplifier with a reversed axial guide magnetic field is described and the idealized wigglerfield is a&sumed. The trajectories of the electron are analysed. The motion constants and linearized Vlsov equation aresolved,thus the perturbed distritution function is obtained. From wave equations,the dispersion relation and gain for amonoenergetic beam are also obtained. The gain is suited for the FEL' s operation with and wihtout guide field. The lastdiscussion indicates that the FEL' s operation mechnism with a reversed axial guide field naturely doesn' t differ fromthat with a normal guide field. Key Words FEIs ,Revered Guide Field ,Dispersion Equation ,Gain.1. INTRODUCTION At the SPLE annal meeting in 1992 ,M. E. Conde etal. of Massachusetts Insitute of Technology(MIT) in the U-nited States and A. A. Kaminsky etal. of Kiev State University in former Soviet Union have reported the experiments for the FEL with a reversed axial guide magnetic field"2. In Conde' s experiments, the highest effeciency achieves


Technology companies are facing the pressure of today's competitive market, in which the introduction of new products faster than the competition is crucial for success. Realizing that the processes they follow in developing their products are a source of competitive advantage, companies are focusing on the design and effective management of product development processes. Perhaps the most widely employed process today by companies developing new products is the stage-gate or phased development process. This process divides the development effort into distinct time-sequenced stages separated by management decision gates. When all requirements in a gate review at the end of each stage are not successfully met and the gatekeepers decide to reschedule the review to give the team more time to improve their deliverables, the product development project can be significantly delayed. These delays can have devastating consequences for a company, as it faces the risk that other firms will deliver competing products much faster and get a first-mover advantage in a given market. The Design Structure Matrix has been employed to analyze the impact that the location of gate reviews can have in the duration of a product development process. A simulation model has been used to predict the development time with different locations of the gate review in a process. In general, it is recommended to place the gate review after the iterations are finished, as it increases the probability of successfully meeting all the requirements of a gate review at the end of a design stage in a timely fashion. A concept described as a stage buffer has also been introduced. By placing a buffer at the end of a stage, a gate review can be scheduled in such a manner that will allow the product development team to complete their assigned tasks and perform the necessary iterations on time. Thus, the chances of advancing to the next stage of the process without delaying the project can be significantly increased. These concepts have been demonstrated by a real world case study from the automotive industry. Thesis Supervisor: Steven D. Eppinger Title: General Motors LFM Professor of Management Science and Engineering Systems Thesis Supervisor: Ali A. Yassine Title: Research Scientist


The aim of this paper is to show some tensions of Habermasian project about cosmopolitanism. First, it shall show that the cosmopolitan right is not based on a moral conception but in normative grammar of right itself, which only found a developed institutional reality in the framework of the national state. Secondly, it seeks to show that the need for a European identity, required by Habermas, clashes with other concepts developed by the philosopher to overcoming the national identity. Finally, it shall demonstrate that the cosmopolitan project by Habermas is thought as a sort of phasing in , so that it sticks to the EU program and sets aside other possibilities for cosmopolitanism.


The Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea is the most numerous terrestrial bird and the most destructive avian pest of small-grain crops throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The birds occur in 60% of the cereal production areas of Tanzania almost every year. Quelea can cause serious local damage to millet, rice, wheat and sorghum and cause considerable hardship to subsistence farmers. Spraying with the organophosphate avicide Queletox®, (60% fenthion a.i.) remains the preferred control measure despite its negative impact on the environment and high cost. As an alternative control measure, the mass trapping of quelea and harvesting their chicks to use both as a source of protein and for income generation was investigated. Two traps using very large nets, based on designs used successfully to catch birds in Tunisia and the USA, failed with quelea; but success was achieved with four other methods. With traditional basket traps made of grass, an average of 286 birds could be caught per trap per day, this increased to 574 birds by using a replica wire mesh version. When using mist nets in a breeding colony the number of birds caught per day per 12 m long net varied from 445 for the first day to 231 on the tenth day. Trials with a roost trap yielded 5,000 to 17,000 birds per day. Cooking and preservation methods were investigated to maximise the potential utilization of quelea meat as a food resource. The best preservation method was achieved by boiling with added salt and drying, while the cooked product rated most highly by volunteer tasters was fresh meat. Proximate analysis was conducted on preserved, milled, quelea meat which confirmed the highly nutritive value of quelea for human consumption. It was concluded that mass-trapping and chick harvesting methods were more environmentally friendly control methods than spraying or use of explosives, with the added benefits of providing high-quality proteinaceous, uncontaminated, food and income generation for the trappers and their families.


A simulation for steady deformation of 2S Al slabs during edging and horizontal rolling was done by full 3D rigid plastic FEM. The horizontal rolling for slabs with dog bone shape was analyzed, the separating forces, rolling torques and sectional shapes of slab after horizontal rolling under different sidewall angels of edger pass were compared. The results are in agreement with the ones found in the literature [1] .


Carbon emission is becoming one of the significantly environmental issues in the Beijing Tianjin  ̄Hebei ( Jing ̄ Jin ̄Ji) urban agglomeration. Howeverꎬ the development of urban agglomerationꎬ which is nested in complex trading networksꎬ has promoted carbon transmission and transference within the urban agglomeration. Ignoring the intercity connections and the driving forces may intensify the carbon emission of Jing ̄Jin ̄Ji urban agglomeration. To investigate the demand side carbon emissions and probe into the driving factors of embodied carbon emission along regional and industrial linkages within Jing ̄Jin ̄Ji urban agglomerationꎬ the environmentally extended input ̄output analysis was used to calculate the consumption ̄based carbon dioxide in the Jing ̄Jin ̄Ji urban agglomeration from 2002 to 2017. The driving factors and key paths of carbon emissions in the Jing ̄Jin ̄Ji urban agglomeration are identified by combining Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) and Structural Path Decomposition (SPD). The results show that capital formation is the main contributor to consumption ̄based carbon emissions in the Jing ̄Jin ̄Ji urban agglomeration. The SDA results show that economic scale and population are key factors in promoting the increase of carbon emissionsꎬ and emission intensity plays an important role in offsetting carbon emissions. Backward industrial linkageꎬ consumption structural effects of self ̄produced intermediate products and consumption structure play different roles on carbon emissions in Beijingꎬ Tianjin and Hebei Province. Tracing the carbon emissions along the industrial chainꎬ we found that the driving factors of carbon emissions have reversed impacts


This study is the first to describe the evolution of both hydrodynamic and oxygen transfer conditions during the submerged culture of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae CABA01 (an indigenous strain isolated within the State of Hidalgo, Mexico), and its symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, using an internal-loop mechanically agitated bioreactor of 4.5 L of liquid volume. Concentrations up to 217,306 viable nematodes per mL, with 94% in infective juvenile (IJ) stage (i.e., 204,444 IJ/mL), were achieved in 16 days of bioprocess. The Reynolds number (Re) was used as an index of the actual hydrodynamic conditions, and it varied within the interval 5,150 < Re (dimensionless) < 9,440, involving apparent culture broth viscosity changes from 3 to 5.4 mPa s during the processing. The aeration efficiency was expressed on the basis of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient, kLa, which varied within the range 0.026 to 0.170 s.


1. Neurons from the major pelvic ganglia (MPG) of adult male rats were enzymatically dissociated and the neurochemical phenotype and Ca2+ current properties examined. 2. Neurons were divided into two subpopulations based on the presence or absence of low threshold T‐type Ca2+ channels. The subpopulation of neurons expressing T‐type Ca2+ channels was characterized by a mean diameter of 34 microns, a mean membrane capacitance (Cm) of 72 pF, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH‐IR), a lack of NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) reactivity and a high degree of alpha 2‐adrenoceptor‐mediated Ca2+ current inhibition (60%). 3. The subpopulation of neurons without overt T‐type Ca2+ channels had a mean diameter of 23 microns, a mean Cm of 30 pF, a lack of TH‐IR and a moderate degree of alpha 2‐adrenoceptor‐mediated Ca2+ current inhibition (27%). About 50% of this subpopulation stained positively for NADPHd. 4. The contribution of high threshold N‐type Ca2+ channels (60‐70%), as determined from omega‐conotoxin GVIA inhibition, and L‐type Ca2+ channels (< 10%), as determined from nifedipine inhibition, to the whole‐cell Ca2+ current was similar for both subpopulations of neurons. 5. These data indicate that the MPG contain at least two subpopulations of postganglionic neurons, i.e. adrenergic and non‐adrenergic, with distinct electrophysiological and neurochemical properties. Furthermore, we propose that the presence or absence of T‐type Ca2+ channels provides an electrophysiological means of identifying adrenergic and non‐adrenergic phenotype, respectively, in neurons of the male rat MPG.


The distance between adjacent zero point of solution for the third order homogeneous linear differential equations are studied.On the basis of the sturm comparison theorem of solution for the third order homogeneous linear differential equations,the third order homogeneous linear differential equations reaches the distance between adjacent zero point.Some results are generalized.


Meier et al. (1950) and Shipley and Meyer (1955) demonstrated that glucocorticoids inhibit the formation of granulation tissue in and around subcutaneously implanted cotton pellets. Meyer, Stucki and Aulsebrook (1953) demonstrated that in the rat pregnancy also decreased granulation tissue formation and reduced the injurious effects of formaldehyde on the knee joint synovialis. These results were interpreted as indicative of an increase in the glucocorticoid moiety of the complex of steroids peculiar to pregnancy. Since the first observations of Hench et al. (1949) that cortisone duplicated the effect of pregnancy in alleviating the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and the observations that glucocorticoid levels are increased in pregnancy (Venning, 1946; Gemzell, 1953) various organs and organ systems have been suggested as the source of the pregnancy glucocorticoids. There can be little doubt that the adrenal cortex is the main source of the anti-inflammatory agents produced by such stressors as pyrogens,


(A) preparing a synthesis gas from natural gas; and (b) an effective response to H 2 and CO in the gas, to synthesize a waxy hydrocarbon feed boiling in the boiling range of the fuel and lubricating oil the condition, cobalt Fischer - by reacting in the presence of a Tropsch catalyst, to produce a fuel and lubricating base oil which is dewaxed. The waxy hydrocarbon feedstock, and hydrodewaxing in a first stage, to produce a lubricating oil fraction, which is the fuel and partially dewaxed dewaxed. Partially lubricating oil fractions are dewaxed and separated into heavy and lower boiling fractions, each hydrodewaxing individually, to produce a lubricant base oil. Waxy feed, as well as partially dewaxed heavy and lower boiling lubricant fraction of at least one of, for preferably hydrodewaxing at least two, hydrogenation component, binder and solid acid using the hydrodewaxing catalyst comprising a component.


The study of a collection of cestodes assigned to the genus Diplogonoporus Lonnberg, 1892 disclosed but two species, D. balaenopterae Lonnberg, 1892, and D. tetrapterus (von Siebold, 1848) (provis.). These cestodes occur characteristically in marine mammals but occasionally are found in terrestrial hosts; D. balaenopterae is recorded for the first time from the domestic dog, and it is concluded that D. grandis (Blanchard, 1894), from man, is conspecific with D. balaenopterae. The latter species is recorded for the first time from the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski), The relatively small D. tetrapterus, a common parasite of the Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubata (Schreber), is reported for the first time from the sea otter, Enhydra lutris Linnaeus, and from the domestic mink, Mustela vison Schreber. Descriptions of representative specimens are presented, and the taxonomic status of other species assigned to Diplogonoporus is discussed. Although the diplogonadic organization of these cest...


The upper leaf surfaces of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) contain trichomes which facilitate the adhesion of droplets of solution, even when the leaves are oriented in a vertical (night) position. Leaves of plants subjected to conditions of high relative humidity were more injured by bentazon (3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide) than leaves under low soil moisture and relative humidity. Although a significant 24-h oscillation in the sensitivity of leaves to bentazon was sometimes evident under both high and low humidity conditions, it was definitely more evident in the latter. Generally, the second leaves of plants in the three leaf stage were more consistent for displaying oscillations in sensitivity than the first. The youngest leaves were the most sensitive to bentazon but generally did not display pronounced daily oscillations. The abscission of cotyledons appeared to have possible merit as a bioassay for monitoring leaf injury.


A series of dendrimer porphyrins ((L5)nP, n = 1−4), which bear different numbers (n) of five-layered dendron subunits (L5) at the meso-positions of a porphyrin, were synthesized. Upon excitation of the dendron subunits in CH2Cl2 at 20 °C, (L5)nP showed an intramolecular singlet energy transfer from the dendron subunits to the porphyrin core, where tetrasubstituted (L5)4P with a spherical morphology exhibited a much higher energy transfer quantum yield (ΦENT = 80.3%) than partially substituted (L5)1P−(L5)3P (10.1−31.6%). Fluorescence depolarization characteristics of (L5)4P indicated that the excitation energy migrates very efficiently over the continuous dendrimeric array of dialkoxybenzyl building units within the lifetime of the excited state. Consequently, the probability of energy transfer to the porphyrin core was enhanced.


Effect of alginic acid fertilizer on soybean was studied. Foliage-spraying results showed that applications of alginic acid fertilizer could influence the growth of soybean significantly, improve economic properties of soybean obviously, and increase 10.64% yield.


Guided by well-established theories on student retention, a survey was developed and implemented to collect data about the college experience of STEM students at a four-year research university. Analysis of the survey data confirms ten constructs that captured different aspects of students' academic and social experiences. Among them, academic quality provided by the institution, students' formal academic integration, and motivation for active learning are identified to be the most influential factors to their retention. Different from students in non-STEM majors, financial pressure to fund college education and accessibility to faculty members outside the classroom are not significantly associated with STEM students' intention to depart. The findings also challenge the sociological emphasis on social engagement as the pivotal point for student retention in STEM majors. To improve student persistence in STEM majors, it is suggested the institutional administrators invest in improving faculty members' teaching skills, reducing class sizes, and engaging students in active learning and research projects.


Edited by Ulrike Brisson and Bernard Schweizer, Not So Innocent Abroad is an insightful essay collection which explores how spaces of travel are complicated by a travel writer's politics, perspectives, and social conditioning. In her Introduction, Brisson raises a salient point that politics in travel literary criticism has been "under-represented" (1). She alerts us to this gap by the text's shift in focus from "veiled" to "naked" and obvious political spaces in travel neglected in conversations thus far (1). The text goes further to indict these spaces as not innocent. Of value to Women's Studies is the way the collection highlights spaces of agency and subjugation that women travel writers and their subjects have occupied in travel narratives. It shows how the feminine, while seeking to uncover agency, has been complicit in othering and reflects the idiosyncratic means in which the feminine individualizes itself in travel literature. Clearly, the contributors of this collection are cognizant of Edward Said's Orientalism and Mary Louise Pratt's Imperial Eyes and the light these shed on colonialism, orientalizing, and the ensuing discourses of alterity which both theorists interrogate and undermine.


This final chapter explains the methods for using time-frequency or time-scale transforms to segment, classify, and interpret signals. We cover three methods that, together with the local frequency or scale information given by the transforms, are capable of elucidating signal structure: the pattern recognition network; the hidden Markov model (HMM); the matching pursuit.


It cannot be doubted that having a successful framework for an online environment is an exigent task due to the data privacy infringement occurring all around the globe; identities such as the leaking of personal photos, stealing online identities, online scams, bank frauds and the list keeps going and on. Do we want such a predicament to strike us while online? Is our online data privacy out of our reach? Thus ensuring online data privacy is a must for all web users due to the highly valuable personal data conveyed in identifying an individual. In this paper, we critically review three existing online privacy frameworks with regard to their applicability and the manner in which its usage can be brought into the Malaysian online environment. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these frameworks and envision a comprehensive framework that would help us in providing a clear path to reduce the major concerns and problems associated with online data privacy in Malaysia. Results from our analyses of existing frameworks indicate that they are not fully being utilized to their fullest potential. The results therein concur different objectives which mostly favour online companies instead of web users.


The preparation and purification of acetylcoronene, coronaldehyde, and methylcoronene has been reinvestigated. The oxidation of these compounds, under a variety of conditions, has been attempted; the expected oxidation of acetylcoronene and coronaldehyde to coronene-carboxylic acid has not been observed. The preparation of diethyl coronylidenemalonate and cyanocoronene is reported; the latter, on hydrolysis, gives coronenecarboxylic acid. The nitration of the monosubstituted coronene derivatives has been attempted. Under mild nitration conditions in no experiment was one nitro group introduced, in three cases - from acetylcoronene, methylcoronene, and diethyl coronylidenemalonate - were two nitro groups introduced. The low solubility of these compounds in appropriate solvents did not allow proton magnetic resonance studies to be carried out. Under strong nitration conditions acetylcoronene, cyanocoronene, coronaldehyde, and coronenecarboxylic acid gave pentanitroderivatives; the attempted interconversions of these products are reported. Their relationship with the known compound, hexanitrocoronene, has been investigated. Formylation of methylcoronene and dimethylcoronene, to give methylcoronaldehyde and dimethylcoronaldehyde respectively, was carried out by treatment with n-butyl dichloromethyl ether, in the presence of titanium tetrachloride; the aldehydes, on reduction with hydrazine hydrate (100%) and potassium hydroxide in trigol, gave dimethylcoronene and trimethylcoronene, respectively. Methylcorononitrile has been prepared from methylcoronaldehyde. The base-catalysed interaction between diethyl malonate and methylcoronaldehyde, and between diethyl maIonate and difmethylcoranaldehyde gave the appropriate condensates. All of the products resulting from the formylation processes appear to be mixtures.


Conventionally, plant construction work involves two major constraints. One is that designing the I/O part of a production control system incorporating users' specifications and implementing its control and monitoring functions are dependent on each other and thus these specifications must be determined at the same time. The other is that tuning field devices, which are installed in plant sites and connected to the I/O interface of the DCS, and can be checked for wiring integrity only after the DCS is installed. This paper introduces a new project execution method based on a system-free instrumentation concept (SFI concept), which resolves these two constraints and reduces the period and cost required for plant construction. New products for CENTUM VP R6 for implementing the SFI concept are also described.


2015-2016 Cup of China Tes 60.03+ Pcs 57.60 = 117.63 Total. SP 58.30+ FS 117.63 = 175.93 #5 Beijing,CHN Capital Gymnasium


In this paper, we propose an audience-oriented video summarization scheme on video sharing services. The proposed scheme analyzes audiences' feedbacks such as rating and comments in a video and finds important scenes where there are a lot of feedbacks from the audiences. Then, the video is summarized by collecting the important scenes from audiences' point of view although typically it is sum- marized from video producers'/providers' point of view. As the first step toward the audience-oriented video summariza- tion, we focus on comments as the audiences' feedbacks because currently some video sharing services allow audi- ences to comment on a specific scene storing their playback time. We assume there is a relationship between the number of audiences' comments on a scene and importance of the scene because the comments represent audiences' willing- ness to watch the scene. We report an experimental analysis for verification of the hypothesis and discuss some solutions to realize audience-oriented video summarization taking into account the experiment results.


ABSTRACT This article describes a Bahá'í concept of peace in the context of discussions about the nature and focus of peace education, in particular the role of moral education as an element of peace education. It introduces the notions of human nobility and the oneness of humanity as the moral basis for holistic peace within a framework of the collective social evolution of humanity, and explores the idea of identifying, understanding, and removing barriers to unity, specifically in the form of inequalities and prejudices, as the foundation of an approach to peace education. The application of such an approach to a university level course is shared through a case study of 'The Problem of Prejudice', offered by the Bahá'í Chair for World Peace at the University of Maryland, College Park. Key strands of content and pedagogy are described, and qualitative data from students participating in the course in 2021 (n = 20), collected in the form of self-perceptions of changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes and commitment, are presented. The article concludes with a discussion of the learning gained from this study and how a Bahá'í concept of peace may serve as a resource for university peace educators and students.


Abstract The pink portion of the rabbit harderian gland was found to be a rich source of ATP:1-alkyl-sn-glycerol phosphotransferase. The enzyme, associated with the microsomal fraction of the gland, exhibits a pH optimum of 7.1. ATP and Mg2+ are absolute requirements for enzymatic activity; the apparent Km for Mg2+ATP is 1.6 mm. Manganese partially substituted for Mg2+, but the measured rate in the presence of Mn2+ was only one-half of the rate determined in the presence of Mg2+. We identified the product of the reaction by chromatographic, chemical, and enzymatic techniques as 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate. In incubations supplemented with coenzyme A, 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate was identified as the major product. High levels of monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and their alkyl analogs did not inhibit phosphorylation of alkylglycerols. Attempts were made to show the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols, but due to the high lipase activity in harderian gland microsomes, the results were inconclusive. The transfer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to position 3 of a 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol was stereoselective; other isomeric alkylglycerols, as well as alkylethylene glycol and S-alkyl-glycerol were not phosphorylated by this system. These data demonstrate a way in which 1-alkyl-sn-glycerols may enter the biosynthetic pathway that forms complex ether-linked glycerolipids.


This paper presents a multiclass classification of correction dialog turns using machine learning. The classes are determined by the type of the introduced recognition errors while performing WOz trials and creating the multilingual corpus. Three datasets were obtained using different sets of acoustic-prosodic features on the multilingual dialogue corpus. The classification experiments were done using different machine learning paradigms: Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines and Deep Learning. After careful experiments setup and optimization on the hyper-parameter space, the obtained classification results were analyzed and compared in the terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score. The achieved results are comparable with those obtained in similar experiments on different tasks and speech databases.


This paper presents a general framework and the corresponding solution for the problem of fair resource allocation among entities with absolute and relative QoS requirements. It is described how the framework can be applied to a variety of scenarios, in particular to the scheduling of the TDM transmission in DVB-S2 and to the dynamic bandwidth allocation needed in DVB-RCS systems. A usual need in this type of problems is that the allocation has to be computed in (almost) real-time even when the number of entities is very large. The paper proposes a low-complexity algorithm. The algorithm provides the exact solution and numerical simulations shows its low computation time.


Conventional networks are deployed through hierarchical architectures, which in many cases deal with centralized mobility anchoring models to ensure IP session continuity and IP reachability to mobile devices. Current IP mobility management is based on a centralized and static mobility anchor, which is a single point of failure that can introduce long delays and high management signaling. IP mobility management needs to cope with the evolution of mobile network architectures towards flatten architectural models. Thus, novel distributed mobility models have been proposed to distribute the mobility anchors closer to the end-user.


STATCOM is the state-of-the-art reactive power generator of power systems. This paper presents a novel reactive current detection and control strategy for STATCOM, under unbalanced and distorted supply voltages. To obtain accurate control, several compensation methods are proposed, such as phase-lag compensation, dead-time compensation and control-delay compensation. Finally, a 10 kVA STATCOM based on digital signal processor TMS320F2812 is investigated, and experiment results validate the proposed methods in this paper.


Defaunationisone of many forms of manipulation of ruminal fermentation efficiency and to improve the productivity of ruminants .However, this procedure may be obtained only if considered beneficial effects various interactions in the rumen environment.

This monographaims to review literature that allows the reader to under standas a first steptherumen environment, stakeholders (microorganisms), their interactions, andfunctionsaccordingtohowpopulationsare advantages and disadvantagesto exploit the grasslands.
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All thisbecauseyou need to optforfunctional mechanisms forlivestock producerscan implement nutritional handlings defaunation to increase efficiency, whereas this differenceto be dialedin today's markets.


Many municipal governments have adopted affordable housing policies to benefit people whose socio-economic status is not commensurate with the price of housing. However, the effects and the functions of these policies in the city on sustainable development and living remains limited. Using a comparative case study, this study explores the characteristics and effects of affordable housing policies in three metropolitan cities in China: Beijing, Tianjin, and Guangshou. This study finds that these cities have their unique affordable housing policies and have experienced various challenges in implementing those policies. Conclusions and implications for other cities in China are addressed.


This research work examined various aspects of Human Resource (HR) practices of Delhi-based banks in the context of Knowledge Management (KM). Along with it, KM tools such as after-action reports, brainstorming and group discussion, artificial intelligence, database and web-base, and expert system that are perceived to ignite a spark in the employees to share their knowledge in the organization were also examined. The current research is an empirical analysis of responses obtained through a structured questionnaire dealing with HR practices and KM tools from 84 respondents of 13 commercial banks (4-Private, 5-Public, 4-Foreign). The analysis of data indicates that out of 11 HR practices studied, only 4 focused on the knowledge-sharing behavior of employees and KM tools were found complementing these practices.


The ASCA X-ray spectra of the old pulsars PSR 1929+10 and PSR 0950+08 are adequately fitted by simple blackbodies. Between 0.5 and 5.0 keV, PSR 1929+10 is best fitted with T = (5.14 ± 0.53) × 106 K and L = 1.54 × 1030 ergs s-1; PSR 0950+09 has T = (5.70 ± 0.63) × 106 K and L = 4.67 × 1029 ergs s-1. The inferred areas are 2 orders of magnitude smaller than canonical polar cap sizes. There is some evidence for a dearth of photons above 5 keV, which would disfavor alternative power-law models for the spectra. Pulsed emission is detected from PSR 1929+10 with 99.8% significance and pulsed fraction 0.35 ± 0.15. Marginal evidence of pulsed X-ray emission from PSR 0950+08 is present with 99.0% significance and pulsed fraction 0.34 ± 0.18. Relativistic ray tracing shows that if the geometry deduced from the polarization of the radio pulse is adopted for the surface thermal emission, a centered dipole cannot reproduce the large pulse modulations observed unless the radius of the neutron star is as large as 18 km. A mechanism of polar cap heating by the impact of relativistic particles is suggested that can produce small areas with T ~ 5 × 106 K on old, spun-down pulsars with weak magnetic fields (B ~ 3 × 1011 G).


Present work reviews the synthesis of Fe(III) complexes of Schiff base ligand which derived from benzoin and two different amino acids. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and EXAFS. X-ray diffraction pattern analyzed that both Fe(III) complexes have Hexagonal structure and crystalline in nature, using BRUKER D8 Advance instrument. EXAFS technique extracts the local structure of complexes. The nearest neighboring atom distance commonly known as 'bond length' were calculated using Fourier transform method. The bond lengths determined from these methods were also compared with the bond length obtained from several others.


This article focuses on early photographs, snapshots, picture postcards and watercolours relating to Iran during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This material, which was collected by European entrepreneurs who travelled in Iran on business or for political reasons, is preserved in three archives in Leiden University Library's Eastern Collections. The author seeks to discover what kinds of micro-historic and artistic insights the material can provide concerning the photographers and collectors and with regard to the cultural and photographic histories of Iran at that time. I am grateful to Curator Dr Arnoud Vrolijk and to Former Curator Professor Dr J. J. Witkam for granting me access to Leiden University Library's Eastern Collections. Email for correspondence: email@example.com


The differential diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (iPD) from atypical parkinsonian syndromes can be very difficult at the early stages of these diseases. Trancranial Ultrasound Imaging (TCUI) of the Substantia Nigra (SN) is one method that has been shown to aide in this early differential diagnosis. TCUI is done to detect hyperechogenicity in the SN, which is defined as an echogenic area above a threshold size of 0.2 cm2. Because B-mode ultrasound images are often noisy, determining the size of the echogenic area can be difficult. Harmonic imaging using a Third-Order Volterra (ToVF) filter is one solution that has been successful in filtering out the noise in these images, allowing a more reliable diagnosis. In this paper, we show that regularization methods such as Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (TSVD) and Tikhonov method can be used to solve for the Volterra Filter's coefficient much more quickly than least mean square (LMS) methods studied previously without sacrificing image quality. This finding has implications in terms of the Volterra Filter's viability for use in real-time harmonic imaging applications.


Objective To compare the curative effect of the two ways in the treatment of anal fistulas ,which were semi- suture and simple incision .Methods 90 patients with simple anal fistulas from 2006 in our hospital were randomly allocated to the two groups. Group SS, 44 cases, adopted semi- suture; Group SI,46 cases,adopted simple incision. We followed up three to nine months after operations, to observe the therapy time, cost, the size of the scar and the postoperative complications , and to estimate the curative effect .Results Two groups were all healed. Group SS had much shorter healing time and much lower cost than Group SI (P0.05).The sizes of scars were much smaller in Group SS than in Group SI(P0.05). The postoperative complication was much more in Group SI. There was no anal disfunction in Group SS. And disformation occured in five cases in Group SI. Conclusion The semi- suture has better curative effect because of shorter healing time, lower cost, smaller scar , less complication .


The proportions of the subject composition are getting more and more in recent years in matricuktion examination and entrance examination for high school, for the subject composition complies with the advance of the times and fit in with the needs of the developments of society, it also comforms to the requirements given by the Ministry of Education of our country for the students in writing composition. We have to pay more attention to grasp some questions in the subject composition writing, especially its basic form and some differences between the subject composition and other composition forms as well as the barrier in going over the topic and drawing up the topic and choices of style of writing and writing contents.


ABSTRACT The existence of forced labor in a company's supply chain represents the newest frontier of the global effort to eliminate forced labor. Corporations, beneficiaries of profits from products made with forced labor, represent the most nimble and most modern perpetrators of trafficking and exploitation. The negative publicity and consumer backlash that companies are facing for having forced labor in their supply chains reflects the new paradigm confronting corporate perpetrators with respect to international human rights. This article discusses four established regimes of accountability and reviews each regime's efficacy in ensuring that corporations operate transparent, forced labor-free supply chains. The respective regimes: international regulation, market-based, civil liability, and domestic regulation, have achieved varying levels of success in recent years in an effort to make businesses accountable for ensuring forced labor-free supply chains. Analysis of accountability regimes and the successes and obstacles each regime has encountered in eliminating forced labor from corporate supply chains forcing companies to address forced labor maps progress that has occurred and also provides evaluation of what each accountability regime can provide to ensure businesses eliminate forced labor from their supply chains.


In this paper, the 3-D nonlinear stress-strain analysis is given for Pubugou high rockfill dam and its two foundation concrete cut-off walls inserted into the vertical core. The caculated results show that there are strong space effects and obvious "double arching effects" in the dam; there is not enough security against hydraulic fracturing in the lower part of watertight core and there are large com-pressive stress imposed in two concrete cut-off walls. The mode of insertion between cut-off walls and core is reasonable and practicable.


Background:  Eradicating Helicobacter pylori markedly reduces ulcer recurrence in patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Many decision analysis studies have concluded that eradicating H. pylori in PUD patients is more cost‐effective than maintaining antisecretory therapy. In 1995, we introduced an H. pylori eradication program into a large transportation company that experienced increased incidences of PUD among its employees along with increased medical costs, and we performed trend analysis of the actual medical costs of PUD in this cohort.


In this study, a new predicting models that can considering the quantitative effect of antecedent rainfall on shallow landslide for shallow landslides prone area predicting at the basin scale. The hillslope hydrology model is used to construct the relationship of antecedent rainfall to the height of ground water, the infinite slope stability theory is used to construct the relationship of antecedent rainfall to slope stability. At last, the model was applied at a basin area. Comparisons are made between considered and unconsidered antecedent rainfall. The results show that in the basin area, the shallow landslides prone area for considered the antecedent rainfall is larger than that unconsidered the antecedent rainfall. It is can be concluded that the antecedent rainfall is quite important and should not be ignored in shallow landslide hazard assessment.


H∞ formulae based on the 2-Riccati procedure are presented for plants in descriptor form. It is expected that this would lead to a method which is more numerically reliable method than those which currently exist for state-space realizations. The theory is developed first for the case where the E-matrix is nonsingular and the possibility of applying these formulae to cases where E is singular is discussed.


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Introduction Bone has a high capacity for repair, but for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the associated hyperglycemia can significantly delay osteogenic processes. These patients respond poorly to fracture repair and bone grafts, leading to lengthy care plans due to arising complications. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and M2 macrophages are both major sources of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a recognized mediator for osteogenesis and whose bioavailability and activities are further regulated by matrix small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), decorin and biglycan. The aim of this study was to investigate how in vivo and in vitro hyperglycemic (HGly) environments can influence levels of TGF-β1, decorin, and biglycan during bone repair, with additional consideration for how long-term glucose exposure and cell aging can also influence this process. Results Following bone healing within a T2DM in vivo model, histological and immuno-labeling analyses of bone tissue sections confirmed delayed healing, which was associated with significantly elevated TGF-β1 levels within the bone matrices of young diabetic rats, compared with normoglycemic (Norm) and aged counterparts. Studies continued to assess in vitro effects of normal (5.5 mM) and high (25 mM) glucose exposure on the osteogenic differentiation of compact bone derived mesenchymal stromal cells (CB-MSCs) at population doubling (PD)15, characterized to contain populations of lineage committed osteoblasts, and at PD150, where transit-amplifying cells predominate. Short-term glucose exposure increased TGF-β1 and decorin secretion by committed osteoblasts but had a lesser effect on transit-amplifying cells. In contrast, the long-term exposure of CB-MSCs to high glucose was associated with decreased TGF-β1 and increased decorin secretion. Similar assessments on macrophage populations indicated high glucose inhibited TGF-β1 secretion, preventing M2 formation. Discussion Collectively, these findings highlight how hyperglycemia associated with T2DM can perturb TGF-β1 and decorin secretion by MSCs and macrophages, thereby potentially influencing TGF-β1 bioavailability and signaling during bone repair. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Bone healing follows an initial inflammatory phase followed by a reparative phase during which TGF-β1 within the healing extracellular environment promotes MSC proliferation and early commitment of MSCs to the osteoblast lineage. Conversely, TGF-β1 signaling inhibits later stages of osteoblast differentiation during the deposition of a bone matrix. Increased and prolonged levels of TGF-β1 and decorin and biglycan within the diabetic bone healing environment have the potential to delay the development of mature osteoblasts. Likewise, the decreased levels of TGF-β1 associated with the aged diabetic healing environment hinders the early stages of osteoblast development and hence bone formation. While they are not the only source of TGF-β1, hyperglycemic environments impede the development of the M2 phenotype that are known to play important roles in bone formation during the reparative stage.


This study analyzes the political economy of forest plantations in the tropics. The initial macro-level part provides a global outlook and an historical analysis of the changes in paradigms regarding forest plantations. The second part brings micro-level evidence from different kinds of plantations in different geographical contexts, namely Paraguay and Indonesia. Case studies represent a diverse spectrum of forest plantations (illustrating paradigms derived from the macro level analysis). Finally, the study combines macro-level developments with micro evidence and considers lessons learned for future plantation establishment.
Research methodology is adapted to different levels of investigation in an iterative process. Moving the scope from macro to micro and from theoretical to empirical levels. On the macro level a political economic analysis and the study of relevant historical material are carried out and plantation paradigms are delimited based on selected indicators. On the micro level, methodology used in case studies involves field surveys and interviews that provided data for a Multi Criteria Analysis. Integration of the two levels builds on data from both parts, supported by a discussion and correlation analysis.
The research outcome from the global analysis is a typology of six main paradigms and their sub-variations that can serve as a theoretical and analytical tool in plantation research. The paradigms are classified as: i) preindustrial; ii) industrial colonial and industrial national; iii) protective; iv) social; v) neo-liberal and neo-liberal modified and vi) global political.
The results of the case studies and MCA analysis warn against visible shortcomings presented in plantations organized under different paradigms and shed light on positive effects that certain plantation paradigms may have. The MCA evaluation points to paradigms that correlate with land conflict, shows different local involvement levels on various plantations, illustrates benefits that plantations are bringing for different stakeholders. MCA analysis of the case studies evaluates the economic performance of plantations and looks in detail on benefit distribution, profitability, market access and the general environment for investments. It analyzes the social factors ranging from work safety, access to services, participation or human resources situation. Also various environmental issues are tackled by the study, with land use change, water or soil impacts, habitat function etc. As the comparative analysis shows, the neoliberal modified paradigm plantation (outgrower-schemes) proved particularly suited to assure both social and economic benefits (90% and 84% scored in the respective fields, while contrasted with a hypothetical ideal-type plantations). Other research results point to important lessons in plantation development, that should be considered on the plantation level and while designing national frameworks for the plantation sector. Lessons for the forestry epistemic community in shaping global plantation discourses are also discussed.


Hemiplegic patients often fall because of a lack of balance-during walking. They can become bed-ridden, or suffer failing syndrome after falling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the walking pattern just prior to falls among high-risk patients in a rehabilitation setting. A triaxial accelerometer was fixed to the subject's waist, and the triaxial acceleration signals were recorded. Thirty-one subjects walked down a corridor under supervision. The data were digitized at a sampling rate of 200 Hz, and analysed using a discrete wavelet transform. The variables required to evaluate falls were related to the reconstructed signal at level -3. We classified falls into three types. In Type 1 falls, the impact acceleration signals in the vertical direction were larger in walking just prior to a fall. In Type 2 falls, small impact acceleration signals in the vertical direction were observed. In Type 3 falls, the walking cycle changed irregularly just prior to a fall and the impact acceleration was larger and smaller before the fall. From these results, falls were evaluated. The next step will be predicting falls.


.................................................................................................... i APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii LEGALIZATION ............................................................................................ iii DECLARATION .............................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ vii CHAPTER


It seems inevitable that the developing technology will be integrated into the field of education. The application of Flipped Learning (FL), which includes a technology component, in physical education will enable us to better understand the reflections of the approach on the lesson. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the FL on students' knowledge, motivation and skill development in physical education. A pretest-posttest matched control group design was used. The participants, whose mean age is 14.5±1.0, consists of 62 high school students who have just started their school, including 32 experimental (11 boys, 21 girls), 30 control (10 boys, 20 girls ). The FL, which was used in physical education, increased students' knowledge (Z= -4.18, p= .00) and motivation (Wilks' λ= .16, F(1, 60)= 55.60, p= .00, η2= .83) , according to the findings . It only had an impact on the passing technical skill of the volleyball, which was utilized to assess skill development (M= 3.00, Sd= 1.07; p< .05) . As a result, this study offers some evidence that the FL is an important factor affecting students' volleyball content knowledge in physical education and can help to motivate them to participate the lesson. Further studies are needed to test the effect of the FL on skill development in physical education.


Conventional optimisation techniques suuer from an inability to reason about their decisions , as well as from the complexity of their search space. Heuristics can help then to reach a solution quickly, though it may not be optimal. Integration between optimisation techniques and heuristics can enrich the problem solving process by providing partially optimal solutions in a reasonable time with partial explanation. We present a novel method for solving an important problem in chemical process synthesis: the retroot of heat exchanger networks. Our method combines expert intuition , encoded as a set of heuristics, with linear programming, an optimization technique, using the CLP paradigm. More interestingly, the integration facilitated the inclusion of domain knowledge which could not be represented in optimisation. Our results are signiicantly superior to those reported in the chemical process synthesis literature, particularly those obtained from existing pure optimisation techniques.


As a tool for assessing perceptions of service quality and for developing marketing strategies to enhance customer satisfaction, importance – performance (IP) analysis has been found to be easily understood and effective for managerial action due to the graphical representation of data. However, there continues to be debate as to whether decisions regarding methodological procedures and interpretations from the analysis can affect the conclusions drawn and whether this is desirable or not.  The issues so debated and reviewed in this paper, include the determination of what attributes to measure, how to obtain unbiased measures of importance and performance, what measure of central tendency to adopt, the construction of the IP grid crosshairs (or line of distinction), and interpretation of IP analysis outcome. Through application of service quality data collected from consumers at a teaching hospital in Nigeria, a case is made in this paper for the use of attribute data means for plotting the data in the conventional 4-Quadrant IP analysis, while overall attribute median values is recommended for the line of distinction. Also, an approach to the interpretation of the IP outcome, called "difference-based IP analysis", is outlined, and is recommended for the unbiased information that it provides.


This paper has outlined the rationale for using the Real Frequency Technique as a method of synthesising matching networks and reviewed one very low-cost program that implements this technique, namely the RFT Impedance Matching Toolbox program. It has been shown that this program is constrained to synthesise only lowpass networks and this inhibits its application to bandpass matching problems. (5 pages)


The Fifth International Symposium on Thymosins in Health and Disease brought together many of the leading scientists, clinicians, and thought-leaders from the United States, Europe, China, Japan, Israel, and South America to discuss the latest advances and clinical applications of the thymosins in both basic and clinical areas. The symposium, held in Washington, DC, on 15–17 November 2017, was jointly sponsored by the George Washington University and the University of Rome 'San Raffaele.' The six plenary sessions were devoted to advances in basic research and translational advances in the areas of immune deficiency diseases, AIDS, infectious diseases, cancer, wound healing, and in the treatment of cancer, cystic fibrosis, dry eye, severe sepsis, cardiovascular diseases, hepatitis B, and neurological pathways, including trauma, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy. Enrico Garaci [1], MD, the Rector of the University of Rome 'San Raffaele' and Gabriel Sosne [2], MD, Associate Professor at the Wayne State University School of Medicine and the Kresge Eye Institute gave keynote lectures and were corecipients of the 2017 Abraham White Distinguished Science Award. Peter J. Hotez [3], MD, PhD, Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor University College of Medicine was the recipient of the 2017 Abraham White Public Service Award. Enrico Garaci was honored for his pioneering studies and scientific contributions which have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of thymosin α1 (Tα1) on the immune system and has led to the development of new approaches in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, and cystic fibrosis. For over four decades as an educator and a scientist, Dr Garaci's laboratory has been at the cutting edge of the rapid advances in the field of immunology. As President of the Committee for Biology and Medicine of the National Research Council (C.N.R), he encouraged the development of biomedical research in Italy through the development and funding of many cutting edge areas of science as outlined in the program. These projects have engaged thousands of scientists from Italian universities, industries, and research institutions. The aim of these projects was to concentrate the efforts of the many different research bodies and channel them to accelerate scientific discovery which has led to new drugs, new technologies, and improvement of therapies for many diseases. Thanks to his leadership, Italian science has been at the forefront of many advancements in the treatment of disease. Gabriel Sosne was honored for his pioneering studies and scientific contributions which have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of action and role of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in the treatment of diseases and injuries of the eye, including dry eye and neurotrophic keratopathy. His inspired leadership as a scientist and as a physician has significantly advanced our understanding of the potential role of Tβ4 in the clinic. His laboratory discoveries have provided the scientific foundation for clinical trials of Tβ4 currently underway in the United States. Dr Sosne is the recipient of a number of prestigious awards, including the 2011 Carl Camras Translational Research Award from ARVO, and the 1994 Samuel Raucher Award for Excellence in Medical Studies. In the tradition of Dr Abraham White, Dr Sosne has been an example to his students and colleagues of the importance of scientific cooperation and collaboration as a mode of accelerating scientific discoveries. Peter Hotez was honored for his lifetime of scientific and medical accomplishments in advancing the development of novel vaccines to treat neglected tropical diseases, and for his outstanding public service which has the potential of significantly improving the health and quality of life for hundreds of millions of people of the Earth with limited access to health care Dr Hotez is the founding Dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine where he is a professor of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology at the Baylor College of Medicine. He is also the director of the Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development (CVD) where he holds an Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics. He is also University Professor at Baylor University, and Fellow in Disease and Poverty at the James A Baker III Institute for Public Policy. Dr Hotez is an internationally recognized physician–scientist in neglected tropical diseases and vaccine development. As head of the Texas Children's CVD, he leads the only product development partnership for developing new vaccines for hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and Chagas disease, and SARS/MERS, diseases affecting hundreds of millions of children and adults worldwide.