Artemisia annua L. (sweet absinthe), besides artemisinin, synthesizes and accumulates secondary solids and liquids metabolites and other gaseous substances at ambient temperature. Some of them are biological active that justify their great world interest, mainly in the field of the traditional medicine. This work compares bibliographical information of some volatile components of that herb with wild plants growing in certain areas of the Argentine Republic. The identification and quantitative analyses of the volatile components at 70 oC of wild Artemisia annua L., were carried out using a gas chromatographic system connected to a mass selective detector. A 0.32 mm internal diameter quartz capillary column with phenylmetiylsiloxane as stationary phase was used with an appropriate temperature program. Samples of dried leaves of the plants here studied show large values of 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol and camphor, compared with those compounds found in dther parts of the world. The content of Artemisia ketone (tujona) is relatively smaller in this case regarding their analogous samples obtained from cultivations. The composition of the essential oil suggests its utility as a camphor source and also brings the possibility to be used as flavoring agent and/or with medicinal applications.


Top Chinese managers in foreign enterprises in China seldom get involved in public political life in or outside the enterprise since they are economically related to capitalists.However,there is a strong basis and tendency for their further union and the opportunity and ability to influence the government's decision on behalf of capital are also increasing.Therefore,it is an urgent subject to standardize their expression of interest and direct their political consciousness as a potential political subject.


The objective of this article is to explore the impact of bioethics on the training of medical students; for which a bibliographical review of academic articles was made, which included three main subjects: the history of bioethics, worldwide and in Colombia; the second topic reviewed were two situations that occur in the medical context and that have tested bioethics, such as abortion and euthanasia, to end the study, the implementation and incorporation of this topic in the academic plans was analyzed at the professional level of future doctors.


Modern Daye iron mine in 1890 since the Board set up has played a trick opens up a mine.It has had widespread and the profound influence to the Daye area's social change,displays to the Daye area politics,the economy and social life and so on each aspect.The modern Daye iron ore's development to the Daye social change influence's essence is the modernizing advancement.Beginning of the twentieth century it is the end of the nineteenth century China moves toward the modern times capitalism by the traditional society a miniature,is also modern China capitalism by the coastal city one kind of reflection which develops to the interior Yangtze River coastal region.


HURLY, T. A., L. RATCLIFFE, D. M. WEARY, AND R. WEISMAN. In press. White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) can perceive pitch change using frequency ratio independent of frequency difference. J. Comp. Psych. MARLER, P. 1960. Bird songs and mate selection, p. 348-367. In W. E. Lanyon and W. N. Tavolga [eds.], Animal sounds and communication. American Institute of Biological Sciences, Washington, DC. NELSON, D. A. 1989. The importance of invariant and distinctive features in species recognition of bird song. Condor 91:120-130. RICE, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225. RICHARDS, D. G. 1981. Estimation of distance of singing conspecifics by the Carolina Wren. Auk 98:127-133. SHACKLETON, S. A. 1991. Singing behaviour of Black-capped Chickadees (Parus atricapillus). M.S .thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. WEARY, D. M., R. G. WEISMAN, R. E. LEMON, T. CHIN, AND J. MONGRAIN. 1991. Use of the relative frequency of notes by Veeries in song recognition and production. Auk 108:977-981. WEISMAN, R., AND L. RATCIFFE. 1989. Absolute and relative pitch processing in Black-capped Chickadees, Parus atricapillus. Anim. Behav. 38:685692. WEISMAN, R., L. RATCLIFFE, I. JOHNSRUDE, AND T. A. HURLY. 1990. Absolute and relative pitch production in the song of the Black-capped Chickadee. Condor 92:118-124.


The primary function of a temporary filling material is to prevent the contamination of the root canal system by fluids, organic debris, and bacteria from the oral cavity in multiple-appointment root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of a new temporary filling material Orafil LC compared with Cavit G and IRM using a dye penetration test. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared in 24 human premolars. The teeth were divided into three groups (n = 8 for each group). Samples are de-coronated at the level of CEJ, 4mm of obturated material was removed from the coronal portion and were sealed with one of the three temporary restorative material. Samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 3 days. The teeth were then rinsed, dried, sectioned in bucco‐ lingual direction and evaluated under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analysed. The dye penetration was observed in all experimental groups. The lowest mean leakage was in Cavit G followed by (in ascending order of dye penetration) IRM, Orafil LC. Dye penetration was observed in all the samples. Cavit G exhibited minimal dye penetration when compared to IRM and Orafil LC. Within the limitation of the present study Cavit G is considered to be a promising option for the provisional restoration of endodontically treated teeth.


Partial collapse of a bridge may or may not lead to further damage or even to the collapse of the entire bridge. The difference arises from the redundancy of the bridge, and this issue attracts many researchers and engineers in recent years. The present study also deals with it. To be specific, the behavior of a truss bridge after the collapse of a member is studied. For the investigation of redundancy, simple analysis is preferred since a number of analyses are required in general. However, the present study reveals that standard static analysis yields result quite different from that due to dynamic analysis. An analysis method is then proposed. Although much computational time is not required, example problem confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Amphetamine abuse is a known problem in Saudi Arabia; it is estimated that 40% of drug abusers misuse amphetamines. Here, our aim was to perform an up-to-date epidemiological study of amphetamine-related postmortem cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in which 235 postmortem cases were included. The largest number of cases was recorded for the groups aged between 31 and 40 years (86 cases) and the lowest number of cases was recorded for the group aged between 61 and 70 years old (5 cases). Amphetamine was co-ingested with other drug(s) in 55% of the total cases (blood with sodium fluoride (BN), median, 0.3 mg/L). Approximately 23% of all deaths were due to other co-ingested drugs (BN, median, 0.2 mg/L). Amphetamines alone were detected in 107 cases, (BN, median, 0.5 mg/L). Amphetamine was the sole cause of death in 16% of the studied cases (BN, median, 1.0 mg/L). The combination of amphetamine and a pre-existing disease were observed in 9.4% of all deaths (BN, median, 0.7 mg/L). The causes of death were determined to be accidental in the majority (47%) of cases, homicides in 26% of cases, suicides in 11% of cases, and unknown in 7% of cases. This is the first discussion of the amphetamine concentration in bile in amphetamine-related deaths, the relationship between amphetamine concentration in different bodily fluids, and the amphetamine concentration in putrefied corpses. This study concluded that amphetamine abuse in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, increased over 400% between 2012 and 2018, and 41% of these cases involved violence. This result also suggests that preventive programs targeting youth and adolescent students are required to keep schools and universities free from drugs, especially amphetamines.


The activity of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase (EC 22.214.171.124) is inhibited by chronic ethanol administration by a mechanism not involving a defective apoenzyme synthesis nor a decreased cofactor availability, but associated with an increased liver [NADH] and [NADPHJ (Badawy & Evans, 1973a,b, 1975). These two reduced nucleotides are allosteric inhibitors of the activity of the purified enzyme (Cho-Chung & Pitot, 1967), and their possible involvement in the inhibition by ethanol is suggested by the finding (Badawy & Evans, 1975) that the latter can be reversed by regeneration of liver NAD+ or NADP+ in vivo or by the addition of these oxidized nucleotides in vitro. Mnrrland (1974) has, however, suggested that ethanol acts chronically by inhibiting apo-(tryptophan pyrrolase) synthesis because the drug treatment inhibits the dexamethasone induction of the enzyme activity in the isolated perfused rat liver. However, we have found (Badawy & Evans, 19736) that the cortisol induction of the pyrrolase activity in intact rats is not impaired by chronic ethanol administration. A possible explanation of the finding by Mnrrland (1974) is that his ethanol-treated rats have also been given sucrose, which inhibits the pyrrolase activity (Badawy & Evans, 1976~). We have also shown in this latter study that sucrose acts via glucose, and that the latter sugar inhibits the pyrrolase activity by an NADHand NADPH-mediated mechanism. Moreover, we have shown that the decreased cortisol induction of the enzyme activity in glucose-pretreated rats is due to inhibition of activity and not synthesis of the apoenzyme. Since the results of experiments by Mnrrland (1974) do not permit an interpretation of a possible ethanol effect in the absence of sucrose, we have compared the cortisol induction of the pyrrolase activity in rats chronically treated with water, ethanol or sucrose. Locally bred male Wistar rats (body wt. was lOOg at the start of the experiments) were allowed free access to cube diet 41B and one of the foliowing three drinking fluids for 28-31 days: water, sucrose (9%, w/v) or ethanol [ 5 % (v/v) for 2 days, 7.5% for 2 further days and finally 10x1. Some of these rats also received, 4h before death, an


The crystal structure of the intermetallic phase HgZn3 was determined using X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction methods. The phase belongs to the orthorhombic system, most probable space group being Cmc21, and appears to be isostructural with β'-Cu3Ti. Under standard preparative conditions a statistical distribution of both atomic species was observed


The properties of plastic have established it as an essential material in modern society. Yet, the extensive use of plastic and, in particular, mismanaged disposal of plastic products have culminated in environmental pollution that now spans a global scale (Geyer et al., 2017; Rochman, 2020). This contamination exists across wide size spectrum of plastic, from larger plastic litter down to smaller particles known as microand nanoplastics. This issue has received substantial attention from scientists, governments, media and the public, but there are still several persistent knowledge gaps in our understanding of the sources and fate of plastics, the associated risks and potential solutions for reducing pollution and its impacts. Papers in this Research Topic address several critical components of microplastic pollution. From sources to solutions, these contributions advance understanding of microplastic distributions in the environment, establish the potential risks of microplastics, and articulate effective and appropriate strategies to minimise pollution into the future.


This genealogy of the "right to truth" explores the ambivalence of the construction of this new concept in international legal discourse. It argues that although the "right to truth" has developed at the cornerstone of several mobilizations, its contours remain evasive due to the diversity of their interests and agendas. The paper highlights how various activists mobilize a "right to truth" as a resource to reform international law and how, in doing so, they advocate for different visions which reinforce or undermine each other. The strength of the "right to truth" concept thus derives from its capacity to accommodate a plurality of causes, but this may also turn into a limit given the diversity of truth entrepreneurs involved in its normalization. Although competing visions of the "right to truth" are presently celebrated as "complementary" in international discourse, the advent of this multifaceted legal category conceals a range of conflicts around conceptions of truth, justice and more generally, the social and political priorities given to the treatment of mass atrocities.


Some basic thermodynamic relationships are used to develop a theroretical framework for modeling the detonation in explosives, on the assumption that explosive and detonation product are in a local thermodynamic equilibrium state, i.e., their pressures and temperatures are identical. Using this framework, a continuum constitutive model for explosive detonation is composed of a group of ordinary differential equations including the state equations of explosive and its product, simple mixing law, reaction rate equation and energy conservation equation, which are easily solved by a mature computational method such as trapezoidal rule. A group of nonlinear constitutive equations in a generalized Maxwellian form describe the relationship among the time evolution rates of pressure and temperature, the strain rate, and the chemical reaction rate. Coefficients appearing in the constitutive equations are determined only by parameters of the explosive and the product through using simple mixing rule. The continuum constitutive model and the corresponding computational method are verified by simulating the detonation behaviour of PBX9404 impacted by high velocity Cu flyer, and in the simulation the JWL equation of state for unreacted explosive and detonation product and the two-term Lee-Tarver reaction rate equation are adopted.


The Otta (graded aggregate) seal technology originated in the 1960s in the Otta Valley in Norway. This type of bituminous seal was first introduced to Botswana in the late 1970s with design and construction being initially undertaken in-house and subsequently by the private sector. However, a somewhat haphazard approach to the transfer of this relatively new technology from the public to the private sector was largely responsible for initial suppression of the acceptance of this innovative type of surfacing despite its eminent suitability for use with locally available, marginal-quality aggregates. Many lessons were learned from this experience; these lessons are likely to be useful to other countries in which the introduction of the Otta seal is being contemplated. The primary objective of this study is to highlight the critical importance of undertaking effective technology transfer to ensure the sustainability of any new type of technology, such as the Otta seal. The path from research to implementation of new technology is considered, including the typical constraints and barriers faced in the African region. In the context of the Otta seal experience in Botswana, typical barriers and constraints to its ready adoption by the private sector are identified and measures for overcoming them are proposed. It is concluded that a carefully crafted, proactive approach to technology transfer is necessary to ensure the sustainability of the Otta seal in countries where it is being introduced for the first time.


This paper introduces the principle of DSSS-GMSK system, analyses the superiority of GMSK modulation over MSK modulation. Accord that the method of de-spread before demodulation can effectively improve the capability of the system with spread spectrum gain, this paper researches an improved method with matched filter to de-spread and demodulate the DSSS signals. The local PN code is modulated with GMSK modulation before being correlated with received signal, then we can get the synchronous PN code, de-spread and demodulate the signal. MATLAB simulation shows that this method is more efficient than the method of demodulation before despread in low SNR environment.


Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection is a common chronic infected disease in all over the world.The pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori remains unclear.In recent years,virulent factors in H.pylori are increasingly studying hotspot. The aim of article was to review the characteristics of virulent genes in H.pylori and any correlation between H.pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases and H.pylori virulence genes.


Here, we have obtained angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) spectra from single crystals of the topological insulator material Bi2Te3 using tunable laser spectrometer. The spectra were collected for eleven different photon energies ranging from 5.57 to 6.70 eV for incident light polarized linearly along two different in-plane directions. Parallel first-principles, fully relativistic computations of photo-intensities were carried out using the experimental geometry within the framework of the one-step model of photoemission. Good overall accord between theory and experiment is used to gain insight into how properties of the initial and final state band structures as well as those of the topological surface states and their spin-textures are reflected in the laser-ARPES spectra. In conclusion, our analysis reveals that laser-ARPES is sensitive to both the initial state kz dispersion and the presence of delicate gaps in the final state electronic spectrum.


The interaction of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) with Ni(111) is studied by using ab initio embedding theory. The Ni(111) surface is modeled as a three-layer, 28-atom cluster with the Ni atoms fixed at bulk lattice sites. The present calculations show that both HCN and HNC bind to the surface in an end-on geometry with the molecular axis perpendicular to the surface. Tilting either the H atom or the H−C bond or the H−N bond away from the surface normal destabilizes the system. The side-on bonded HCN and HNC with the C−N bond parallel to the surface are energetically less stable than the corresponding end-on bonded species. The calculated adsorption energy of the end-on HCN is 18 kcal/mol with the fcc 3-fold site favored over other sites by about 1−3 kcal/mol. The end-on HNC binds to the surface at the atop site with adsorption energy of 11 kcal/mol. The calculated adsorption energy for the side-on bonded HCN is only 7 kcal/mol. The side-on bonded HNC species is found to be unbound b...


We present a method for the numerical evaluation of 6D singular integrals appearing in Volume Integral Equations. It is an extension of the Sauter-Schwab/Taylor-Duffy strategy for singular triangle-triangle interaction integrals to singular tetrahedron-tetrahedron interaction integrals. This general approach allows to use different kinds of kernel and basis functions. It also works on curvilinear domains. Our approach is based on relative coordinates and splitting the integration domain into subdomains for which quadrature rules can be constructed. Further, we show how to build these tensor-product quadrature rules economically using quadrature rules defined over 2D, 3D and 4D simplices. Compared to the existing approach where the integral is computed as a sequence of 1D integrations significant speedup can be achieved. The accuracy and convergence properties of the method are demonstrated by numerical experiments.


Fossombronia spinifolia was described by Stephani (1900) from a specimen collected by Breutel at Genadendal (Gnadenthal) during his visit to the Cape, which lasted from November 1853 to April 1854 (Gunn & Codd 1981). This species was not adequately described and illustrated by Stephani or by subsequent workers. Moreover, Scott & Pike (1987) misapplied the epithet,  F. spinifolia , to specimens Amell had identified as  F. leucoxantha , because they (Scott & Pike 1988) overlooked a capsule with ripe spores in the type specimen. An attempt is hereby made to describe and illustrate this species in greater detail in order to prevent more confusion in future.


The paper deals with the problem of interconnection between the policy and the level of technologic development and their impact on the economic development of modern Russia. The author exposes the regularities and background experience of the previous three and the next Russian modernizations and makes a comparative study. The problem is contemplated in the context of mutual relations between Russia as technologic receiver and the West as technologic donor in the conditions of the WTO restrictions. The author raises a question of internal and external backgrounds and obstacles to technologic modernization of contemporary Russia.


In the present paper, we study a differential subordination involving a multiplier transformation. Selecting different dominants to our main result, we obtain certain sufficient conditions for starlikeness and convexity of analytic functions. In particular, we obtain the sufficient conditions for parabolic starlikeness and uniform convexity. Some known results appear as particular cases of our main result.


Abstract A partially miscible polymer PMMA/SAN blend is used in two component injection molding to produce a sandwich structure with a heterogeneous skin layer. Two different strategies are explored to obtain the desired structure either via sequential injection molding or via the use of the fountain flow. Both cases are studied with scanning electron microscopy to visualize the structure in the skin layer. In addition, numerical modelling examples are presented to improve understanding of the morphologies that have been created with injection molding.


The present invention relates to a suspension for shock thrust apparatus for a motor vehicle, a lower support cover 20, an upper elastic bearing seat 18 mounted on the motor vehicle chassis, and a lower support cover and the upper elastic bearing seat in the impact thrust for suspension and a rolling bearing 22 to form an axial direction thrust is arranged in the axial direction between the rolling bearing comprises a lower ring, the upper ring, a lower ring upper comprises at least one row of rolling elements arranged between the rings, the upper elastic bearing locus, a axial direction retaining means 24d of the lower support cover disposed on the skirt 34c of the upper elastic bearing seats comprises an axial direction retaining means 24d to interact with complementary axial direction retaining means 50e of the lower support cover Stiffening cup (36b; 124d) is directed to impact the thrust drive suspension which extend inwardly of the axial direction portion.


Recently, it has been proposed that stimulation of nitric oxide (no) by insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in the kidney mediates the hyper-filtration, which follows a reduction in renal mass. The present study has been performed to establish wheter no can also influence the effect of igf-i on renal collagen protein. Male wistar rats were anaestheised with thiopentone (100 mg/kg), the kidneys were removed, sliced and incubated for 12 hours in physiological saline solution containing [14c] proline and ascorbic acid. Radiolabellled collagen was measured as the accumulation of new collagenase digestable protein (cdp). Slices were incubated with recombinant human igf-i (rhigf-i) 100nm in the presence and absence of either 100μm nitro-arginine methyl ester (l-name) or 10mm edta. Rhigf-i decreased the accumulation of new cdp 92179±229 to 1283±195 dpm/h/g, p<0.05), n=12) by 43%. L-name has no effect on basal cdp accumulation of cdp but prevented the decrease in the accumulation of cdp induced by igf-i (2166±185 to 1946±442 dpm/h/g, n=6). Edta alone produced a significant increase in the basal cdp accumulation (2184±432 to 3144±1088 dpm/h/g, p<0.05, n=8). In the presence of edta, the effect of igf-i on cdp was reversed from decrease to a significant increase (3144±1088 to 4250±1054 dpm/h/g) or 25%. Our results suggest that no may modulate the inhibitory effect of igf-i on collagen protein. The inhibitory effect of edta suggests the involvement of calcium-dependent constitutive form of no synthase. Edta, which also inhibits ion-dependent proteplytic enzyme activity, allowed the stimulatory effect of igf-i on renal collagen protein to be demonstrated. The possibility that no, derived from the constitutive form of no synthase, may inhibit matrix protein accumulation in the kidney has important implication to pathophysiology of renal disease. Introduction: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide growth factor synthesised in many cells and tissues including the liver and kidney 1,2 associated with both cell growth and differentiation. 3 The ability of IGF-I to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production has been demonstrated in culture of intact rat calvariae 4,5 and human lung fibroblasts. 6 However, the ability of IGF-I to stimulate ECM production in the kidney has proved more difficult to establish. Transgenic mice overproducing IGF-I did not develop glomerulosclerosis, 7 while IGF-I was unable to stimulate collagen synthesis in renal mesangial cells at either a transcription or translation level. 8,9 Such studies questioned the possibility that IGF-I may mediate renal fibrosis. 10 Recent studies have shown that IGF-I possesses vasoactive properties, which may contribute to the regulation of the vascular tone. 11 In the kidney, an intravenous infusion of rhIGF-I increases renal blood flow, decreasing renal vascular resistance. 12 This response could be prevented by administration of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l-NAME. 13 In endothelial cell culture IGF-I directly stimulated the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the absence of high intracellular calcium. 14 NO is a short-lived gaseous molecule 15 which may serve a number of functions in the kidney including the regulation of mesangial cell proliferation, 16 re-absorption of sodium 17,18 and afferent arteriolar tone. 19 Other studies suggested that NO may be an important mediator of glomerular hyperfiltration 20 as well as a protective agent in cells against the affect of free radical that occur with fructose autooxidation and fructation 21 in diabetes. The accumulation of ECM proteins in the glomeruli and tubulo-interstitial space of the kidney is critical to the progression of renal failure. 22 Such fibrotic process may be regulated by several factors including cytokines and growth hormones. 23 Recent studies demonstrated different opinions on the biological properties of NO. For instance, Trachtman et al. 24 reported that NO mediates the inhibitory effect of interferon on collagen and fibronectin accumulation in cultured rat mesangial cell, which raised the possibility that the NO released by IGF-I may influence the effect of this peptide on ECM protein *) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sebha University, **) Sheffield Kidney Institute, Northeren General Hospital, Sheffield, Uk Nitric Oxide Modulates The Inhibitory Effect Of Rhigf-I ...... Abdulgader Saleh Ali, et al. 63 Sebha University Journal of Medical Sciences, 2005, Vol. 4(2). accumulation. While, others have reported that S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) generated NO mediates degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) in vitro, heparan and heparan sulfate, 25 and chondroitin sulfates, 26 components of basement membrane of many tissues. However, it is reported for the first time that SNAP generated NO enhances collagen synthesis in cultured normal dermal fibroblasts. 27 Previously, a biophasic effect of sodium nitroprusside, as generator of NO, has been described in rat kidney slices. 28 In the present study, experiments were performed in vitro using rat kidney slices which avoided the vascular complications of the response to IGF-I and NO in vivo. Kidney slices have no capillary circulation, exchange between tissues and media taking place by diffusion. In addition, kidney slices may have an advantage over cultured cells for ex vivo experimentation since they represent a heterogeneous cell population which can be prepared quickly without their biological activity being influenced by the digestive enzymes used in cell isolation for culture. 29 The morphological integrity of the kidney slice at least at the level of the glomerular podocyte may be preserved for some hours ex vivo. 30 Kidney slices have also been used to study the renal effects of both IGF-I (31), and NO, 32,33 and for studying the interstitial fibrosis, by measuring the accumulation of newly synthesised collagen following renal vein or ureteral ligation. 34 Moreover, renal cortical slices contain macula densa cells, which are not present in cultured cells, 35 the presence of these cells make an important contribution to the generation of NO. 36,37 Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide on the effect of IGF-I on collagen metabolism in renal cells. Materials And Methods: Preparations of rat kidney slices: Male Wistar rats (Sheffield university strain, UK), (11-12 weeks old), were anaesthised with thiopentone (intraperitoneal 100mg/kg), a laparotomy was performed and the left kidney was removed and decapsulated. Each kidney was divided longitudinally into two sections and transverse slices (40-70mg) were prepared at a thickness of about 500m. Slices were immediately placed into preautoclaved glass vials containing KrebsHenseleit physiological buffer 38 supplemented with penicillin G 50U/ml, streptomycin 50g/ml and ascorbic acid 25mM, an important co-factor for the hydroxylation of collagen, and incubated at 37 o C with constant shaking in a water bath for 12-hours under an atmosphere of 95% O2-5% CO2 with [ 14 C] proline 0.61Ci/ml (Ameshram, UK) in the presence or absence of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (rhIGF-I) 100nM (Kabi pharmacia, Sweden) and also with or without either NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) 100M or ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) 10mM. At the end of the incubation time, the reaction was stopped by the addition of ice cold EDTA (1.25mM). [ 14 C]collagen was extracted from both the kidney tissues and the incubation media by the modified Peterkofsky & Diegelmann 1971 method which based on the precipitation by ice cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA 20%), followed by washing the precipitate with TCA (10%), ethanol-ether (3:1) and diethyl-ether, then drying by evaporation. Measuerment of [ 14 C]Collagen: The dried pellets were re-suspended in sodium hydroxide (0.2M) and measured as previously described (39), based on the digestion of [ 14 C]Collagen by the bacterial collagenase (Type VII, Sigma, UK). All samples were counted in a liquid scintillation counter -Rack (LKB, UK). The collagenase digestible protein (CDP) was calculated in the adjusted supernatant by expressing the dpm (total labelled collagen) per the weight wet of kidney slices per time of incubation 40 divided by 5.6 to correct for the relative abundance of proline as an amino acid in the collagen molecule. 41 Whereas, the non-collagenase digestible protein (NCP) was calculated in the adjusted precipitate by expressing the dpm (total labelled proteins) per the weight wet of kidney slice per time of incubation . 40 The total labelled protein (TP) was calculated by summing the values of CDP and NCP, and the percentage was calculated by dividing the values of CDP over TP multiplied by 100. 40 The term accumulation was expressed to emphasise the balance between synthesis and degradation. The statistical significance was taken at a value of P<0.05 and determined using paired and unpaired t-test (Microsoft EXCEL software). Chemicals: All chemicals were of analytical and molecular biology reagent grade from Sigma or BDH, UK. Nitric Oxide Modulates The Inhibitory Effect Of Rhigf-I ...... Abdulgader Saleh Ali, et al. 64 Sebha University Journal of Medical Sciences, 2005, Vol. 4(2). Results: Effect of rhIGF-I on the accumulation of newly synthesized CDP and NCP: Incubation of kidney slices with rhIGF-I (100nM) significantly decreased the accumulation of CDP (2179229 to 1283195dpm/h/g, n12, P0.05) (Figure 1), a decrease of 41%. rhIGF-I significantly decreased the CDP/TP ratio (P0.05). In contrast to the change in collagen protein, rhIGF-I (100nM) significantly increased the accumulation of radio-labelled NCP by 20.5% (141011366 to 169881540dpm/h/g, n12,


The question of whether trust complements or substitutes various forms of control has been debated in the literature. We aim to shed light on this debate by adopting an emic perspective on the trus...


Objective To provide a reliable scientific basis of diagnosis and preventing the allergic disease by determination of allergen-specific IgG_4,IgE antibodies in the patients with allergic diseases.Methods Parallel testing 14 kinds of common serum allergen-specific IgG_4,IgE antibodies in the patients with allergic disease by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results In 120 patients with allergic diseases,food allergen-specific IgG_4 antibody positive rate is 90.9%,allergen-specific IgE antibody positive rate is 94.2%,there is no significant difference between them(p0.05);while aspirates allergen-specific IgG_4 and IgE antibody positive rate is 58.3% and 74.2% respectively,IgE antibody positive rate is significantly higher(p0.05).Food allergen-specific IgG_4 antibody positive rate also is significantly higher than aspirates allergen-specific IgG_4 antibody positive rate(p0.05).In 14 allergens hen egg,wheat and Chinese parasol have significant higher;while crab,keeling,shrimp and short ambrosia have significant lower antibody positive rate to allergen-specific IgG_4 than allergen-specific IgE.Conclusion There is clinically significance to detect specific IgE and IgG_4 antibody in diagnosing allergens,especially the allergens in food.


Natural language is the dominant form of writing software requirements. Its essential ambiguity causes inconsistency of requirements, which leads to scope creep. On the other hand, formal requirements specification notations such as Z, Petri Nets, SysML, and others are difficult to understand by non-technical project stakeholders. They often become a barrier between developers and requirements providers. The article presents a controlled natural language that looks like English but is a strongly typed object-oriented language compiled to UML/XMI. Thus, it is easily understood, at the same time, by non-technical people, programmers, and computers. Moreover, it is formally verifiable and testable. It was designed, developed, and tested in three commercial software projects in order to validate the assumption that object-oriented design can be applied to requirements engineering at the level of specifications writing. The article outlines key features of the language and summarizes the experience obtained during its practical application.


Using VBG-stabilized wavelength beam combining of 3-bar diode laser stack, we demonstrate 89.5 W CW with beam quality M2 ~ 26 in the slow-axis and M2~21 in the fast-axis. The beam combining efficiency is 75%.


The article deals with the dynamics of the additional professional education of civil servants,including their retraining, professional development and traineeship. As a method of study there has been used a comparative analysis of the raw data of the State order on retraining, skills upgrading and traineeship of federal public servants over the past five years. The article offers some recommendations on organizational and financial support of additional professional education of civil servants.


Background The trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) produced by Bio Farma consists of three live, attenuated poliovirus serotypes (1, 2, and 3). The tOPV stimulates the formation of secretory IgA (sIgA) on the intestinal wall and lumen. The existence of sIgA is considered giving immunity in the intestines, it could prevent the spread of viral replication and thus inhibit the transmission of the polio virus. Objective To determine the differences in shedding after each of the first two tOPV immunizations in newborns. Methods This one-way repeated measure study was conducted in newborns from three primary health centers in Bandung, West Java. After administering tOPV to newborns, we assessed the shedding of poliovirus in their stool specimens at 30 days after the first dose and 7 days after the second dose. Data was analyzed using McNemar test with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to differentiate the shedding of poliovirus after the first and second doses. Results Of 150 children, 128 subjects completed the study. At 30 days after the first tOPV dose, 26 subjects (20.3%) were negative for shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens. Of the 102 subjects who had poliovirus isolated from their stools, the serotypes comprised of polio 1: 10.9%, polio 2: 14.8%, polio 3: 45.3%, polio 1 and 3: 3.1%, polio 2 and 3: 4.7%, and polio 1,2, and 3: 0.8%. At 7 days after the second tOPV dose, there was a significant increase in subjects negative for shedding of poliovirus (78 subjects; 60.9%). Statistical analysis revealed significantly decreased shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens between the first and second doses of tOPV (P<0.05 ). Conclusion There is a significantly decreased number of subjects with shedding of poliovirus in stool specimens 7 days after the second tOPV dose than at 30 days after the first tOPV dose.


Recent double pass measurements of the ocular monochromatic modulation transfer function (MTF) have been obtained in visible light (1). Near infrared light has not been used before in the double pass technique despite that the retinal reflection factor is higher for larger wavelengths and that near infrared measurements would not affect the viewing conditions. One of the potential problems of using near infrared in the double pass is the larger retinal scattering. This should produce double pass retinal images with larger scattering halos, affecting in principle the estimates of the MTF. In this work, we evaluate the possibilities of using near infrared illumination in the double pass technique. We record double pass images of green (543 nm) and near infrared (780 nm) point sources and show that infrared and green estimates of the ocular MTF are similar.


A sliding mode variable structure control method was proposed based on distributed parameter model of flexible manipulator,and the stabilization problem of the controlled system with uncertain parameter and disturbance was resolved.The variable structure controller was designed by use of Lyapunov function method,and sliding surface was chosen as a linear combination of joint angle,joint angle velocity and root strain of flexible manipulator.An asymptotical stability of the closed loop system was proved by using linear operator semigroup and LaSalle invariance principle.Simulation results were presented to validate the proposed controller performance.


With the growth of better education, improving the quality of better education has become a top priority. In order to facilitate the sustainable and healthy growth of better education and continuously improve the quality of education for faculty and staff, the Ministry of Education has established a regular assessment system for undergraduate-level education. This article analyzes the quality diagnosis of teaching archives management from the perspective of collaborative education by using the bionic method and summarizes the three methods. In the precision rate, the user interface is the highest, followed by accuracy, security requirements, hardware environment, system maintenance, and information flow; in the recall rate, the security requirements are the highest, followed by the hardware environment, accuracy, user interface, information flow, and system maintenance; in F1, the user interface is the highest, followed by hardware environment, information flow, accuracy, security requirements, and system maintenance. In the particle swarm optimization coverage algorithm, the security requirements are obtained, the user interface accuracy is relatively high, and the hardware environment is relatively low; the system maintenance and hardware environment are the most covered, and the security requirements are the least; the number of rejected samples is the largest. It is the hardware environment and system maintenance, and the least is the security requirement; the most correct number of rejected samples is the hardware environment and system maintenance. The scientific analysis of the quality diagnosis of teaching archives management from the view of collaborative education is extremely important for improvement of teaching. The archives management system can be effective in the process of the archives hardware environment, security requirements, system maintenance, user interface, information flow, and accuracy. The efficiency of the manual management process is improved, and the process is simplified.


Political anthropology is important for understanding of political processes in modern societies which are on their way to the construction of the democratic system of government. Not taking into account the fact that the character of institutions of power and political processes in these societies is in many respects traditional (by Max Weber) and direct uncritical adoption of the Western liberal values can bring to the opposite and surprising results. The multiparty system can be expressed in the formation of the party structures on the clan-tribal or confessional basis and, then, in the large-scale interethnic or religious conflicts. The separation of powers can result in chaos and disorders (because the separation of powers is, in essence, not characteristic of traditional societies) and, next, in the establishment of the military junta and so on.


Eddy-current testing (ECT) using a spin-valve giant magnetoresistance (SV-GMR) sensor has been applied to detecting conductive micro-beads and also flaws on a printed circuit board. This paper presents the detection of conductive micro-bead arrays with the gap between SV-GMR sensor and bead for scanning probe. The experimental results can confirm the proposed probe ability for detection of conductive micro-bead array.


At present in developing countries, especially in Puskesmas very rarely encountered health workers, especially specialists. Though parents are in need of specialists, especially a specialist in the field of child health sciences. Puskesmas officials often have difficulty in deciding what diseases suffered by children because of lack of knowledge about the types of infectious diseases caused by bacteria. This is where the role of an expert or an expert in the field of childhood disease is needed. Therefore, to handle the problem it requires an expert system to diagnose respiratory infections in infants so that this system can be used to diagnose respiratory infections in infants using Bayesian Network method to determine what kind of illness and how to solve it. Maksimal 200 kata berbahasa Inggris dicetak miring dengan Times New Roman 10 point. Abstrak harus jelas, deskriptif, dan harus memberikan gambaran singkat masalah yang diteliti. Pada umumnya harus diikuti dengan pernyataan tentang metodologi dan ringkasan singkat hasil penelitian. Abstrak harus diakhiri dengan komentar tentang pentingnya hasil atau kesimpulan singkat.


Emission factors for particulate matter and carbon monoxide have been measured for wood, anthracite coal, and bituminous coal burned in residential heaters operated at less than 15 kW (50,000 Btu/hr). In these studies the stove effluent is mixed with about four volumes of outside air and samples are collected about two minutes after mixing. The main purpose of using this sampling method is to simulate atmospheric conditions more closely. Particulate samples are collected on 20 × 25 cm filters after cyclone preseparation of particles larger than 4 μm. Carbon monoxide concentrations are measured with Draeger tubes. Particulate emission factors for wood ranged from 1.6 to 6.4 g/kg (fuel) and were found to depend on the fuel load and the firing rate, as indicated by earlier studies. These values are substantially less than the values obtained previously for stoves operated under similar conditions. The average particulate emission factors for bituminous and anthracite coal are 10.4 and 0.50 g/kg, respectively...


In this paper, we discuss existing and propose new schemes of the feedback auto relock. These schemes provide a closing loop of the logic sequence: keeping stabilization point - automatic search of the stabilization ranges and lock points. The addition correctors to update old and to create new feedbacks schemes were proposed. These correctors allow extended or potentially infinite operation time, for correction signals.


This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the development of creative potential and business game. For this, we carried out a systematic bibliographical review of 157 articles hosted on the Scopus and Web of Science platforms and published between 1970 and 2016. The results present in the same scope the analysis of publications with different research approaches on the theme, connecting authors' studies which, until then, had not been interconnected; The use of business games as a positive return factor for the environment; The intrinsic relationship between creativity techniques and business games. We also found business games main objectives are the encouragement of collaboration skills development, the elaboration of strategic plans and the simulation of specific realities. Regarding the development of creative potential, the business games analyzed in the articles consider it as a secondary factor that manifests itself during the game.


Pulmonary thromboembolism represents a therapeutic challenge for patients admitted to cardiology intensive care units, given the variety of clinical presentations and available treatment opportunities.

 This retrospective, single–center study recruited patients hospitalized in cardiology intensive care units with a diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism between April 2010 and May 2022. For each hospitalized patient, Wells and PESI scores were calculated, the location of the PE was identified, and acute PE resolution at discharge was determined. Patients with cardiac arrest (CCA) and/or cardiogenic shock were identified, and RV longitudinal systolic function (TAPSE) and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) were studied. Patients were then stratified based on their clinical risk of in–hospital or 30–day mortality (early mortality); acute phase and discharge treatments and patients who developed major bleeding complications were identified.

 A total of 148 patients were recruited, with a median age of 66 years and predominantly male (51.4%). In 6.4% of patients, in–hospital death occurred (from 0% in low–risk patients to 25% in high–risk patients), 12.2% developed cardiogenic shock and/or CCA. 25.0% of patients had an ongoing neoplasm. Systemic thrombolytic therapy and Sonos were the most effective in terms of mortality (p=0.015) and RV function at discharge in high–risk patients, although associated with a high risk of bleeding. Intermediate–low–risk patients treated with reperfusion therapy showed better RV function parameters, although the sample size did not allow for statistical significance.

 The results obtained are in line with those of the literature with regard to epidemiology, total hospital stay, correlation between acute PE and neoplasms, in–hospital death and FU death. Furthermore, Sonos represents an effective alternative to full–dose systemic thrombolysis in high–risk patients who cannot undergo the latter. Finally, in intermediate–low risk patients, there may be a role for reperfusion therapy in selected patients with very low bleeding risk.


Aims: Garcinia kola is used in West African countries for the treatment of various ailments such as cough, tooth decay, asthma and menstrual cramps. The inhibitory effect of Garcinia kola seed extract (GKE) on drug-induced contractions was studied on iliac smooth muscle preparations of guinea pig to ascertain the validity of the use of Garcinia kola in traditional medicine and to elucidate its possible mechanism of action. Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Post Graduate Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria, between November 2013 and April 2014. Methodology: The antispasmodic influence of GKE (0.02 – 1 mg/ml) on acetylcholine, histamine and potassium chloride -induced contractions were carried out. The effect of GKE in a Ca 2+ -free Tyrode medium and in the presence of adrenergic antagonists was also investigated. Results: The results revealed that GKE inhibited or attenuated the spasmogenic effects of Original Research Article Udia et al.; BJMMR, 6(7): 688-698, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.245 689 histamine and potassium chloride in a dose-dependent manner and shifted their log. doseresponse curves to the right, with pA2 values of 2.09±0.06 and 3.25±0.07 respectively. Preadministration of propranolol, prazosin or labetalol had no attenuating influence on the antispasmodic effect of GKE. Iliac smooth muscle responses to cumulative increased [Ca 2+ ] in a depolarizing bathing medium and in a Cafree Tyrode solution were also blocked. Comparative antispasmodic potencies indicated that papaverine and aminophylline were more potent than the extract. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Garcinia kola seed extract acts neither via cholinergic nor adrenergic receptor mediation, but may involve interference with Ca 2+ mobilization, thus sharing with papaverine and/or aminophylline similar mechanism(s) of action.


Huai businessmen was the abbreviated form of Huaiqing business community formed by businessmen from the counties attached to the Prefecture of Huaiqing,such as Henei,Mengxian,Wenxian,Wuzhi,Xiuwu and Jiyuan.The form of Huai busimessmen lies in convenient constructions,abundant products,and the influence and edification of the merchants in Shanxi Province.The Huai businessmen were famous for their wit and cleverness.With their deep influence,there arose some famous business establishments like Dushexing,Xieshengquan,Zhaibuchang,Xifuxing,etc.and many industry and business tycoons like Lu Liancheng,Du Yan and Jin Fahui etc.With several hundreds years of development,Huai businessmen formed their advanced business idea,accumulated rich management experience and became the core and backbone of the businessmen in Henan in ancient times.


Controlled breeding and the stimulation of out of season breeding in the Angora offers several advantages especially when artificial insemination is practised (Pretorius & Van der Westhuysen, l97l; Van der Westhuysen, 1976; 1979), but a "limited" semen supply from specific rams within a short period of time often limits the practicability of these techniques. However, the availability of deepfrozen semen will provide an alternative in cases of shortage of fresh semen from proved rams. The posibility of freezing Angora semen has been hdicated (Van der Westhuysen, 1978), but the ferti l izing abil ity of such semen has not been tested. These experiments were planned to further investigate different diluents before the fertilising ability of semen frozen in 0,5 ml and 0,25 ml straws was tested.


" The purpose of this paper is to report on the use of a business simulation in a college freshman class entitled Principles of Management(MG 101). A version of the IMAGINIT(2) simulation called "Mini-Imaginit" was devised and implemented in the freshman course. Following a complete semester's use of the simulation, an achievement test was administered to determine test scores on specific management concepts of (1)planning and decision making and (2)organizing for stability and change. Two separate classes were used in the experiment. One class was given a structured approach for group processes; the other was given an unstructured approach. The same instructor was used to implement each of the approaches; thus, the variable of teaching methodology was assured to be controlled. In addition to measuring learning outcomes, students were given a survey to indicate their perceptions of the management course. The students were asked to indicate their perceptions of the management course. The students were asked to indicate the extent to which they felt the use of the computer simulation (Mini-Imaginit) helped in their understanding of a variety of management topics and its effect on their attitudes toward the management course. "


Finite volume discretization of Biot system of poroelasticity in a multilayered domain is presented. Staggered grid is used in order to avoid non-physical oscillations of the numerical solution, appearing when a collocated grid is used. Various numerical experiments are presented in order to illustrate the accuracy of the finite difference scheme. In the first group of experiments, problems having analytical solutions are solved, and the order of convergence for the velocity, the pressure, the displacements, and the stresses is analyzed. In the second group of experiments numerical solution of real problems is presented.


PURPOSE
To explore whether the ureolysis of Actinomyces naeslundii could keep high level in the natural dental biofilm and the effect of ureolysis on the environmental pH balance preliminarily.

METHODS
Enzyme kinetic test was used to detect the optimal condition for ureolysis; and the pH change was measured under ureolysis after acidgenesis.SPSS software package was used for linear regression and correlation analysis.

RESULTS
The Km of urease was 7.5mmol/L, it could keep 20% to 63% of the optimal activity with the concentration of urea normally found in the mouth which was at the range of 3-10mmol/L; The optimal pH of ureolysis was 6.5, but at pH 5.0 which was the threshold pH of dental plaque, the enzyme had 40% of the optimal activity; with the concentration of urea normally found in the mouth, pH would not decrease to the threshold pH with ureolysis after acidification.

CONCLUSION
In the dental plaque biofilm, A. naeslundii could ureolyze highly actively; ureolysis could moderate the pH balance of plaque significantly.


Phytoplankton, suspended matter and yellow substance are the three main optically active substances in inland waters and their optical properties play a important role in determining both the penetration depth of light and the radiant energy for vegetation photosynthesis. The spectral light absorption and backscattering are essential in the development of analytical, reflectance model and multi-spectral algorithms on water quality monitoring. With regard to the increasing use of analytical reflectance model in the interpretation of remote sensing data, it seems timely to investigate the relationship of the specific absorption and the specific back scattersing coefficients and their respective concentrations for chlorophyll-a, suspended sediments and yellow substances in complex inland waters of different trophic states. Variability in the specific absorption coefficients and specific backscattering coefficients of living phytoplankton, suspended sediments and yellow substances was analyzed using a dataset of 42 spectra in Taihu Lake, which were determined from 400 nm to 750 nm with 1 nm increment in wavelength. Based on the quantitative relationship between inherent optical properties and constituents' concentrations, a reflectance model was established, which is consistent with in situ reflectance spectra in correlation profiles with the three optically active substances. Advancements in mapping the inherent optical properties in the high turbid eutrophic inland waters will underlie the research program of the water quality monitoring, and facilitate the environmental monitoring using remote sensing data.


This work contains two separate but related parts: one on spectrally  accurate and fast Ewald methods for electrostatics and viscous flow,  and one on micro- and complex fluid interface problems. ...


A method and apparatus are disclosed for treating tissue, including an intra-operative mapping of a probe ablation zone. The method uses a system that maps the proximal and distal margins of the probe ablation zone using tools that are used to access the ablation target. In some embodiments, the tools comprise an introducer assembly, including a cannula and a stylet, and a bone drill. The tools have features or markings that cooperate to indicate which probe to use to achieve the desired ablation. The method further facilitates planning probe placement for delivering energy to treat (ablate) a desired ablation volume of a target tissue by using a system that maps both the target tissue and possible probe ablation zones.


In the United States the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) ranges from Maine to the Gulf of Mexico and are most common from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to the most southern end of Texas. Blue crabs occur regularly in waters where peak temperatures reach at least 68 degrees Fahrenheit. The blue crab is common to all North Carolina coastal waters, but most reside in the Albemarle and Pamlico sounds and their tributaries. Blue crabs mature at approximately 12 to 18 months of age and have an average lifespan of three years with some living as long as eight years. Mating occurs in brackish areas of the estuary and lower portions of the rivers from late spring to early fall, and spawning occurs in high-salinity waters near the ocean inlets from early summer to fall. The first larval stage is carried offshore by ocean currents where they undergo several stages of development. Settlement of larval blue crabs occurs in the estuaries after winds and tides transport them through the inlets from the ocean. Once within the estuary, larval blue crabs settle in beds of submerged aquatic vegetation and other complex habitats, like salt marsh and oyster shell, where they become juvenile blue crabs. Juvenile blue crabs gradually migrate to lower salinity waters in the upper estuaries and rivers to grow (molt) and mature. Molting is a process of growth in blue crabs that requires shedding the hard exoskeleton (shell). Following each molt the shell is soft for several hours until it hardens, during this time the crab is • Life History


[1] Cloud microphysical observations collected in situ during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment within the Chile-Peru stratocumulus cloud deck during October–November 2008 were used to assess MODIS Level 2 cloud property retrievals. The in situ aircraft-derived cloud property values were constructed from the drop size distributions measured by the Cloud Droplet Probe (drop diameter <52 micron) and Two-Dimensional Cloud Probe (drop diameters up to 1600 micron) during 20 vertical profiles. Almost all of the MODIS cloud scenes were highly homogeneous. MODIS cloud optical thickness correlated well with the aircraft-derived value with a slight offset within instrumental/retrieval uncertainties. In contrast, the standard 2.1 micron-derived MODIS effective radius (re) systematically exceeded the in situ cloud top reby 15%–20%, for an absolute error that increased with droplet size. The individual effective radius retrievals at 1.6, 2.1, and 3.7 micron did not provide additional information on cloud vertical structure for our data sample. The secondarily derived MODIS liquid water path also exceeded the in situ value. A MODIS-derived cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) estimate agreed the best of the four MODIS variables with the aircraft observations. The analysis also highlighted a lack of agreement in published satellite-derivedNd values, despite drawing on the same sources. A best a priori formula choice for Nd is likely to vary regionally. Four sources of errors within the MODIS reretrieval were investigated further: the cloud mode droplet size distribution breadth, the presence of a drizzle mode, above-cloud water vapor absorption, and sensor viewing angles. These processes combined conspired to explain most of the observed bias. The above-cloud water vapor paths were poorly specified, primarily because the cloud top heights are placed too high, and secondarily because the water vapor paths are unrealistic. Improvement of the above-cloud water vapor path specification can most easily and systematically improve the MODIS effective radius and liquid water path retrievals.


Reverberation time (RT) is an important factor affecting the quality of indoor acoustics. Using sound-absorbing materials is one method for quickly and effectively controlling RT, and installation in the ceiling is a common location. Sound-absorbing ceilings come in many forms, with light steel joist ceilings commonly used in office spaces, classrooms, and discussion rooms. Light steel joist ceilings are often matched with sound-absorbing materials such as gypsum board, mineral fiberboard, rock wool, and coated glass wool, but such materials may have durability and exfoliation problems. Therefore, considering performance and health, in this research, we aimed to design an expanded metal mesh (EMM) structure specimen for sound-absorption material, namely folded expanded metal mesh (FEMM). The results show that the FEMM can significantly improve the sound-absorption performance of the expanded metal mesh. The Math output errorαw of single panel is 0.05–0.35, and the Math output errorαw of FEMM is 0.65–0.85. On the other hand, the sound-absorption performance of the full frequency band has been significantly improved. Furthermore, the field validation result shows that RT decreased from 1.05–0.56 s at 500 Hz, meanwhile, the sound pressure level (SPL) is still evenly distributed, and speech clarity (C50) is increased by 5.6–6.5.


Understanding and maintaining legacy COBOL systems are still a challenging task for both academic research and industry practice. With the development of future direction software engineering, Future direction code comprehension and reengineering for COBOL software systems become a very promising research direction. In this paper, context feature and error handling feature, which are two most important features for COBOL code understanding, are defined. In addition, the advance for feature location and operations in COBOL code is reachable. Program slicing technique is adopted to locate feature code from large COBOL systems. This study/paper reports our experience to date on the application of Feature Direction program understanding in COBOL code.


Objective: To determine the consumption pattern of selected households consuming traditional green leafy vegetables (TGLVs) during three seasons and potential contribution to recommended nutrient intakes. Design: Repeated household survey using food frequency questionnaire to obtain consumption pattern of selected TGLVs. Setting and Subjects: Selected households in a small rural farming community: pre-rainy (n = 43), rainy (n = 36) and post-rainy seasons (n = 40). Results: Corchorus olitorius and A. hybridus were the most consumed by > 70% of households across three seasons. A. esculentus and A. viridis were the least consumed TGLVs through all the seasons. Uncultivated and cultivated TGLVs could contribute between 26–> 100% and 18–96%, respectively, of recommended intake for vitamin A for children and women. For young children, both the cultivated and uncultivated TGLVs could contribute more than 50% of their RDA for iron. Conclusion: seasonal availability, and preference for certain species, determine the consumption pattern of the TGLVs studied. Uncultivated and less utilised vegetables have the potential to make significant contributions to the micronutrient requirements of women and children, especially vitamin A and iron if frequently used.


This paper focuses on ℋ∞ output tracking control for network-based control systems with the physical plant in continuous time and the controller in discrete time. The main contribution of the paper is that a new form of the augmented closed-loop system is proposed, which can improve control performance. Based on a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and a LMI (linear matrix inequality)-based procedure, a state feedback controller which contains network-induced delays and data packet dropouts is designed for a class of linear systems. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to some existing schemes in the literature.


Callista chione (L.). is a fairly large, handsome bivalve of the family Veneridae. It is found around the coasts of Devon, Cornwall and Wales, though its distribution extends southwards to the Mediterranean. It is usually uncommon but has been found to occur at the eastern end of Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth at a density of about 1 per m2. Several specimens were taken in 1975 while testing a water lift system for the use of aqualung divers. Most of the shells were observed to bear a noticeable growth check in the form of a ridge several millimetres from the shell margin (Fig. 1). This ridge was not found in the older specimens in the laboratory's museum collection. To try to find out the cause of this growth check a tagging experiment was undertaken in 1976, although it was not possible to measure and mark out large numbers; recaptures in the following two years have been sufficient to provide some evidence for the average growth increment of different sizes of shell.


In this paper, we study the synchronization problem for singular complex networks with time-varying delays by Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy theory. A modified Lyapunov-Krasovskii function is used to derive a sufficient condition for synchronization in terms of LMIs. A example is given to support the main result of this paper.


From the discussion on the relationship among city planning design、management and architectural design,point out that the city planning design is the instructive and dominating design phase to city construction,architectural design should obey to city planning design,bring forward that the key of city planning rest on the level of the decision-maker.


Custom-made autoregressive atmospheres can be generated in a computationally efficient manner for use in more realistic simulations by closely reflecting metrics (like r0) extracted from telemetry gathered by the wavefront sensors on Adaptive Optics systems.


Background: Management of bicondylar tibial plateau fracture dislocations is a serious challenge in terms of soft-tissue complications, fracture morphology, early mobilization, and maintenance of alignment and reduction postoperatively. We have conducted a prospective study to evaluate the necessity of dual plating in these fractures to achieve articular reduction, early mobilization, and maintenance of alignment on long-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: A prospective study including 24 patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture dislocations were operated with dual plating through dual-incision approach. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically for a minimum period of 24 months. All patients were operated after a minimum period of 7 days, to prevent soft-tissue complications. Functional evaluation was done using Oxford knee score. Results: A total of 24 patients were operated with dual plating, including 20 males and 4 females with the mean age of 36 years. All cases united with mean healing time of 15.2 weeks, malunion was seen in one case. Functional outcome was assessed using Oxford knee score which was excellent in 21 cases (87.5%) and good in 3 cases (12.5%). Conclusion: Dual plating for bicondylar tibial plateau fracture dislocations is necessary to achieve articular congruity, stable fixation, early mobilization, and maintenance of limb alignment on long-term follow-up. The only concern is soft-tissue complications which can be minimized by waiting for adequate time preoperatively and meticulous surgical technique.


: Myoglobin (Mb) achieves its biological functions such as oxygen transfer and storage in the dark. In this of the Q -band 2 MbFe(II) MbFe(III). of H free acids Fe(II) electrons irradiation crucial process O dissociation and Fe(II) oxidation.


To capture a remote 3D image, conventional stereo cameras attached to a robot head have been commonly used. However, when the head and cameras rotate, the captured image in buffers is degraded by latency and motion blur, which may cause VR sickness. In the present study, we propose a method named TwinCam in which we use two 360° cameras spaced at the standard interpupillary distance and keep the direction of the lens constant in the world coordinate even when the camera bodies are rotated to reflect the orientation of the observer's head and the position of the eyes. We consider that this method can suppress the image buffer size to send to the observer because each camera captures the omnidirectional image without lens rotation. This paper introduces the mechanical design of our camera system and its potential for visual telepresence through three experiments. Experiment 1 confirmed the requirement of a stereoscopic rather than monoscopic camera for highly accurate depth perception, and Experiments 2 and 3 proved that our mechanical camera setup can reduce motion blur and VR sickness.


Culture-independent 16S rDNA-DGGE profiling and phylogenetic analysis were used to examine the predominant bacterial communities associated with the two sponges, Dictyonella sp. and Spirastrella abata from Jeju island. The culture-independent approach involved extraction of total bacterial DNA, PCR amplification of the 16S ribosomal DNA using primer pair 341f-GC and 518r, and separation of the amplicons on a denaturing gradient gel. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis banding patterns indicated 8 and 7 bands from the two sponge species, Dictyonella sp. and Spirastrella abata, respectively. There were not common major bands in two different sponges. Comparative sequence analysis of variable DGGE bands revealed from 93% to 98% similarity to the known published sequences. The dominant bacterial group of Dictyonella sp. belonged to uncultured Gammaproteobacteria, while, that of Spirastrella abata belonged to uncultured Alphaproeobacteria and Firmicutes. DGGE analysis indicated predominant communities of the sponge-associated bacteria differ in the two sponges from the same geographical location. This result revealed that bacterial community profiles of the sponges were host species-specific.


We have studied 72 young men with vasovagal and neurocardiogenic syncope, caused by dysfunction of vegetal neural system. We divided all patients into four groups according to type and frequency of syncope, such as: group with rare paroxysmal loss of consciousness like syncope, group with frequent paroxysmal loss of consciousness like syncope, group with single paroxysmal loss of consciousness like convulsive syncope, group with frequent paroxysmal loss of consciousness like convulsive syncope. Different etiologic and clinical aspects of these syncopes were discussed.


In this paper, one-class and outlier problems are investigated by using the idea of Support Vector Machines. Based on regarding a one-class problem as the one to estimate a function, the generalization error for the one-class problem is defined for the first time. The linear separability, margin and optimal linear classifier are then defined and the regular SVM is reformulated into a framework for one-class problems. Each of the linear algorithms is motivated theoretically and they can be formulated as some linear programming problems. The proposed algorithms can be implemented by the techniques in boosting algorithms. Some synthetic and real experiments illustrate that the algorithms in this paper are practical and effective.


ABSTRA C K In connection with the criminal case that the defendant was sentenced for five (5) months, the authors argue that the punishment is very light. In connection with the problem of classification of criminal cases as stipulated embezzlement and threatened Article 374 Penal Code in conjunction with article 64 paragraph (1) Criminal Code is a criminal act embezzlement by weighting. As a result of the law against the perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement by weighting as stipulated in article 374 Criminal Code is imprisonment - the length of five (5) years. While the criminal case verdict No. 15 / Pid.B / 1999 / PN.Smda as described above, the perpetrators of criminal acts of embezzlement of company goods are carried in a row - were included in the classification of criminal cases by weighting by imprisonment for five (5) months. Therefore, the act included in the classification of criminal cases of embezzlement by weighting, the act should be achieved with sufficiently severe punishment.


How is it that in the second half of the twentieth century, a large proportion of the population is blissfully indifferent and totally unaware of the health hazards caused by faulty eating habits? How is it that so many people have to have remedial treatment to either increase, or more usually to decrease their weight? Does this reflect a lack of knowledge of nutrition by the public in general?


The article presents a method of teaching pupils of the 5-th form mechanical drawing at the lessons of Technology in the process of their making a drawing tool out of a steel rod according to the suggested concept of the integral teaching schoolchildren mechanical drawing and technology on the basis of the objects of applied arts.


PREVIEW Despite the latest drug treatment strategies, the prognosis remains poor in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Only a small minority of these patients qualify for and receive mechanical heart devices, heart transplantation, or both. Furthermore, patients who do receive these therapies experience impaired quality of life and have high rates of morbidity and mortality. In this article, the authors discuss the role of cardiac resynchronization therapy in symptom relief and improved prognosis in patients with moderate or advanced CHF.


Objective: The purpose of the current study is to investigate the underlying pathophysiological changes of extraocular muscle (EOM) in Graves orbitopathy using dynamic contrast MR imaging and to correlate these MR functional changes with the anatomic abnormalities. Methods: EOMs of 16 patients with Graves disease and 12 normal volunteers were examined by dynamic enhanced MRI. We quantified the peak enhancement ratio of EOMs and calculated the ratio versus temporalis muscle and the ratio of maximum upslope versus temporalis muscle. We compared the ratios between normal volunteers and patient groups. Results: Mean of peak enhancement ratio values for the EOMs in patients with Graves disease tends to decrease according to the severity of the anatomic and clinical changes. The mean maximum upslope also decreased according to the severity of the disease for EOMs. Conclusion: Hemodynamic information obtained by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI is useful in evaluating the clinical course of thyroid orbitopathy.


The identification of faults in any analog circuit is highly required toensure the reliability of the circuit. Early detection of faults in a circuit can greatly assist inmaintenance of the system by avoiding possibly harmful damage borne out of the fault. Anovel method for establishing a power fault using Wavelet transform and probability neural network. The Circuitunder Test (CUT) is three phase single level inverter. The transform coefficients for the fault freecircuit as well as for the simulated faults of CUT are found. The Wavelet transform is applied to theoutput of CUT and Standard Deviation (SD) of the transform coefficients are extracted. Using thetransform coefficients, fault dictionary has been formed. In order to identify the type of fault, a neuralnetwork classifier has been utilized. The compatibility of wavelet analysis with the variousclassification techniques for fault diagnosis has been illustrated in this paper. The results of the studydemonstrate the suitability and viability of wavelet analysis in fault diagnosis of power electroniccircuits.


Without challenging the commonly held conclusion that the reformers generally did not stress the importance of missions, this article outlines the missiology suggested in the writings of William Tyndale. His references to the Turks make it clear that he was aware of non-Christians and of the Christians' responsibility. In face of the Turks' threat, Tyndale opposed armed resistance and, instead, emphasized love as the essential Christian motive for evangelism. The recovery of the lost art of preaching coupled with holy living constituted a missionary necessity laid on all Christians, men and women. Tyndale's role—and thus his fame—as a translator can thus be understood as a natural corollary of the reformer's missiology.


Grazing incidence synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements were made on an uncompressed monolayer of 1:1 triacontanoic acid (C29H59COOH) and nonacosylamine (C29H59NH2), spread on pure water and on aqueous ZnCl2 solution. The measured diffraction data of the mixed monolayer on water provides clear evidence of a complete mixing of the acid and amine molecules into a two-dimensional crystal where the hydrocarbon chains pack in a herringbone motif. A model has been proposed in which the ionized acid and amine moieties are ordered and form a continuous hydrogen-bonded array.


Ideally, providing students with increased information about the negative impact that food waste can have on the environment can encourage them to do their part to minimize unnecessary waste. Current and future research is designed to "challenge" students to beat their prior food waste numbers, while attempting to create a generalized culture in which food waste is not a common practice on campus. Results and Discussion Observation Days


The world is facing a new revolutionary technology transition, Internet of things (IoT). IoT systems requires secure connectivity of distributed entities, including in-field sensors. For such external devices, Side Channel Analysis poses a potential threat as it does not require complete knowledge about the crypto algorithm. In this work, we perform Horizontal Correlation Power Analysis (HCPA) which is a type of Side Channel Analysis (SCA) over the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) key exchange protocol. ChipWhisperer (CW) by NewAE Technologies is an open source toolchain which is utilized to perform the HCPA by using CW toolchain. To best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to implemented ECDH on Artix-7 FPGA for HCPA. We compare our correlation results with the results from AES -128 bits provided by CW. Our point of attack is the Double and Add algorithm which is used to perform Scalar multiplication in ECC. We obtain a maximum correlation of 7% for the key guess using the HCPA. We also discuss about the possible cause for lower correlation and few potentials ways to improve it. In Addition to HCPA we also perform Simple Power Analysis (SPA) (visual) for ECDH, to guess the trailing zeros in the 128- bit secret key for different power traces.


The main objective of this research work is to design and evaluate real time intelligent scheduling algorithms for flexible manufacturing systems. The proposed system has set of programmable CNC machines, load and unload stations, group of mobile robots for material handling, and robot charging station. Each machine, station and robot is considered as a node in a wireless sensor network. Information between FMS units are transferred through a wireless sensor network and used by the main controller. Intelligent algorithms are required to manage and control the FMS environment for tasks scheduling and robot routing. Several simulated case studies will be considered to test and verify the flexibility of the system and the capability of the proposed algorithms to use effectively available machines and mobile robots. Encouraging results are achieved when the performance of the proposed scheduling algorithms is compared with others obtained from similar systems in published literature.


Violence against women by their male partners is an important public health problem in both developed and developing countries. There are major consequences for the physical and mental health of the women and for children and other family members. The Western Australian Freedom From Fear campaign aims to reduce women's (and children's) fear by encouraging perpetrators and potential perpetrators to voluntarily attend counselling programs. The Men's Domestic Violence Help Line (MDVHL) forms a key component of the Freedom From Fear campaign. The primary aim of the helpline counsellors is to refer qualified callers into government-funded counselling programs provided by private-sector organisations in various locations throughout the State. Although results vary, counselling programs have been found to be effective in reducing violence. While the Freedom From Fear campaign has been successful in attracting violent and potentially violent men to call the MDVHL and accept a referral into counselling, little is known about the impact of the telephone contact per se. This is an important issue as many men who call the MDVHL do not accept a referral, and many who do accept a referral do not present for the counselling. We obtained interviews with 49 men who had called the MDVHL. Of these, 38 had attended an individual or group counselling session since their telephone contact; 11 had not. Because of ethical and professional issues, the interviewing had to be conducted by the counsellors; hence, the potential for demand factors to influence respondents' answers. The men were first asked an open-ended question: "Have there been any changes yet in your thinking or behaviour as a result of attending these counselling sessions (n=38) or calling the Helpline (n=11)?" All but one of the 38 men who had attended counselling claimed that there had been changes in their thinking or behaviour as a result of their counselling. The most frequently reported changes (see Table 1) related to: better communication with their partner; greater understanding of their own behaviour and the effect on their partner; experiencing less anger or being more able to control their anger; and using various strategies taught in the counselling. The fact that these comments were in Table 1: "Have there been any changes yet in your thinking or behaviour as a result of attending these counselling sessions?". Base: Respondents who had n % attended counselling (n=38) Better communication/listen more/ 9 24 more open Using various strategies (e.g. time out) 8 21 More control of behaviour 8 21 More aware of effect on partner/ 7 18 consequences Thinks before acting 6 16 More calm/relaxed 5 13 More respect (for partner) 5 13 Better understanding of problem/ 4 10 view differently More confident/resolved in self 4 10 More aware of what says and does 3 8 Less anger/rage 2 5 Less abusive/threatening 2 5 Trying to think positively 2 5 More aware of domestic violence 1 3 issues in general Total a a


In the past few years a number of iron complexes have been synthesized and characterized that model features of intermediates involved in the oxygen-activation chemistry of non-heme diiron enzymes such as methane monooxygenase, ribonucleotide reductase, and fatty acid desaturases. Insights derived from these efforts are discussed in the context of a common mechanistic framework for these enzymes.


The catalytic cracking of a fuel oil over fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst has been investigated applying different additives. Catalyst mixtures consisting of a equilibrium FCC catalyst (E-Cat) blended with ZSM-5, MCM-41 and Mordenite additives were examined at the additive levels of 25 wt.%. The catalytic performance of the matrix was studied in a fixed-bed micro-activity test unit (MAT) at 600 ˚C and catalyst/oil ratio of 3.6. Two types of ZSM-5 with different Si/Al ratios were utilized. Results indicate that the yield of light olefins significantly increased by operating hybrid catalysts in comparison with the base E-Cat. The highest olefin yield of 61.46 wt.% in the gas phase products was achieved over E-Cat/ZSM-5 of low Si/Al ratio. The maximum propylene production was observed over MCM-41, besides applying mordenite as additive showed more propylene to ethylene ratio in products. Butenes were also increased by use of all additives, whereas iso-butene shows the maximum yield over all E-Cat/additives.


Abstract Specimens of blood collected in Tecumseh, Michigan over a four-year period were studied for rise in antibody titer against coronavirus OC43. Peaks of infection were found in the winter and spring of 1966, 1968, and 1969; at other times, infections occurred sporadically. All age groups were involved, especially the very young. Rises in titer by CF and by HAI tests frequently did not occur together in the same individual. Agreement between the two tests was better in 1966 and 1969 than in the other years. A portion of the paired specimens showing rises in CF and/ or HAI titer was tested by neutralization. Rises in neutralizing antibody were usually found in pairs collected in 1966 and 1969 but not in those collected in 1967 and 1968. The infecting viruses in 1966 and 1969 thus appeared more closely related to OC43 than did those in 1967 and 1968.


We construct, from first principles, a covariant local model for scalar fractonic matter coupled to a symmetric tensor gauge field. The free gauge field action is just the one of Blasi-Maggiore model. The scalar sector is a non-trivial covariant generalization of Pretko's quartic model. Because the model has no quadratic term in the scalar field, a direct perturbative treatment fails. Remarkably, we demonstrate that the action can be driven to a perturbative effective action. However, with the price of carrying non-local interacting terms. We study the perturbative regime of the model and show that there are at least four distinct phases in the model: One with massive fractonic modes; one with massless fractons; a mixed phase with massive and massless fractons; and another one where fractons cannot occur at all in the physical spectrum.


The relativistic mean field (RMF) model of the nuclear matter equation of state was modified by including the effect of Pauli-blocking owing to quark exchange between the baryons. Different schemes of a chiral enhancement of the quark Pauli blocking was suggested according to the adopted density dependence of the dynamical quark mass. The resulting equations of state for the pressure are compared to the RMF model DD2 with excluded volume correction. On the basis of this comparison a density-dependent nucleon volume is extracted which parameterizes the quark Pauli blocking effect in the respective scheme of chiral enhancement. The dependence on the isospin asymmetry is investigated and the corresponding density dependent nuclear symmetry energy is obtained in fair accordance with phenomenological constraints. The deconfinement phase transition is obtained by a Maxwell construction with a quark matter phase described within a higher order NJL model. Solutions for rotating and nonrotating (hybrid) compact star sequences are obtained, which show the effect of high-mass twin compact star solutions for the rotating case.


Fine reservoir description plays an important role in oil and gas exploration and development, reservoir geological modeling is the core of fine reservoir description and the new technology developed in recent years of quantitatively characterizing reservoir as well. Petrel can be used to build three-dimensional visualization of quantitative reservoir by simulating and forecasting the reservoir characteristics and properties of parameters .And the reservoir unit is the targets of system modeling used to guide the re-awareness and tapping of the potential reservoir. This article describes three-dimensinal structure modeling of Lishui Depression East China Sea Basin with the help of powerful 3D visualization capabilities and integrated functional modules of the exploration and development, and results of case study show that the three-dimensinal structure model consists with its actual geological information, thus providing strong support for exploration and development of decision-making.


If we take a walk and see around us is still a lot that looks dirty and a bit dirty because of garbage that littered or even accumulate. Rubbish if left unmanaged can become a serious threat for the sustainability and environmental sustainability. Conversely, if properly managed, wastes have potential value, such as providing jobs, improving the quality and aesthetic environment, and other uses as composting material that can be used to improve degraded land in various regions in Indonesia, and may also affect the revenue of the country . Therefore, the waste can also be a farm business if we manage it into compost. Where organic waste is collected into one and will create an income. Where fertilizer is organic fertilizer which is very good and very good and because eco-friendly does not damage the structure of the soil. However, the compost process is not widely used by farmers, so that by doing business this compost can be said a very good job opportunities and can develop into more advanced.


Given a pair of tableaux (T ;K(ae)), where T is a skew-tableau in the alphabet (t) and K(ae) is the key associated with ae 2 St, with the same evaluation as T , we consider the problem of a matrix realization for (T ;K(ae)) over a local principal ideal domain (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). It has been shown that the pair (T ;K(ae)) has a matrix realization only if the word of T is in the plactic class of K(ae) (5). This condition has also been proved su-cient when ae is the identity (1, 2, 4), the reverse permutation in St (2, 3), or any permutation in S3 (6). In each of these cases, the plactic class of K(ae) may be described by shu†ing together their columns. For t ' 4 this is no longer true for an arbitrary permutation, but shu†ing together the columns of a key always leads to a congruent word. In (17) A. Lascoux and M. P. Schutzenberger have introduced the notions of frank word and key. It is a simple derivation on Greene's theorem (11) that words congruent with a key, and frank words are dual of each other as biwords. In this paper, we exhibit, for any ae 2 St, a matrix realization for the pair (T ;K(ae)), when the word of T is a shu†e of the columns of K(ae). This construction is based on a biword deflned by the columns of the key and the places of their letters in the skew-tableau T. The places of these letters are row words which are shu†e components of a frank word.


Sunflower family (fam. Asteraceae L.) first time appeared in Eocene and today represent one of the biggest plant families. Many of the species are important for humans in economical, horticultural and medical sense. But some of the species became weeds. Therefore they are effecting agricultural production, represent a threat for human and animal health. If they are invasive species they can also be a direct threat to biodiversity. In this work, a short review of the eight most common weed species of the sunflower family, appearing the in continental region of Croatia, has been presented.


The purpose of this prospective study was to examine the validity and diagnostic utility of unstructured clinic observations of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors in children. Results showed observations to be related to behavioral ratings of parents but not of teachers. The relationship between observations and parent ratings was stronger for hyperactive-impulsive than inattentive behaviors. The level of agreement between observations and classification of ADHD significantly exceeded chance levels only for parent measures of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Only parent measures predicted a diagnosis of ADHD at a rate that was significantly better than chance. Clinic observations were found to have consistently higher positive predictive power than negative predictive power. Clinical implications are discussed.


Objective\ To explore the changes in bone mineral density (BMD)and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in normal pregnancy.Methods\ BMD and serum concentrations of calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),osteocalcin(BGP),E 2,P,FSH,LH,and PRL were measured in 63 normal mental working pregnant women and 21 normal fertile mental working women.Fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio(HP/Cr)and calcium/creatinine ratio(Ca/Cr)were also measured.Results No significant difference in BMD was found during pregnancy( P 0.05).Serum concentrations of ALP and BGP rose rapidly in the third trimester,which was significantly different from the other groups( P 0.05) and was significantly positively related to E 2. Conclusion Pregnancy has no significant effect on BMD.Changes in serum and urine markers of bone formation and resorption suggest that bone turnover may be significantly increased in the third trimester.There is a significantly positive correlation between bone turnover rate and E 2.\;


The paper deals with the order statistics and empirical mathematical expectation (which is also called the estimate of mathematical expectation in the literature) in the case of infinitely increasing random variables. The Kolmogorov concept which he used in the theory of complexity and the relationship with thermodynamics which was pointed out already by Poincar\'e are considered.
The mathematical expectation (generalizing the notion of arithmetical mean, which is generally equal to infinity for any increasing sequence of random variables) is compared with the notion of temperature in thermodynamics by using an analog of nonstandard analysis.
The relationship with the Van-der-Waals law of corresponding states is shown. Some applications of this concept in economics, in internet information network, and self-teaching systems are considered.


Tritium pellet injection into neutral deuterium, beam heated deuterium plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is shown to be an attractive means of (1) minimizing tritium use per tritium discharge and over a sequence of tritium discharges; (2) greatly reducing the tritium load in the walls, limiters, getters, and cryopanels; (3) maintaining or improving instantaneous neutron production (Q); (4) reducing or eliminating deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron production in non-optimized discharges; and (5) generally adding flexibility to the experimental sequences leading to optimal Q operation. Transport analyses of both compression and full-bore TFTR plasmas are used to support the above observations and to provide the basis for a proposed eight-pellet gas gun injector for the 1986 tritium experiments.


We intend to exploit the vibration status such as the resonance existed in a faulty bearing-rotor system on signal acquisition for diagnosis in this paper. We establish a symmetrical bearing-rotor-pedestal system to do the dynamic response analysis. The theoretical analysis indicates the resonances excited by the excitations can enhance the response in low-frequency range as well as the response in high-frequency range because the pulse energy produced by bearing defect increases under this situation. Finally, these conclusions are verified qualitatively by the experiment. Keywords—bearing local defect; ball bearing-rotor system; resonances; envelope analysis


Significance The avian predentary is a small, rarely preserved skeletal structure found only in toothed Mesozoic ornithuromorph birds. The origin and function of this enigmatic bone is poorly understood. Based on skeletal tissue identification in a specimen of the Early Cretaceous Yanornis martini, we propose developmental, structural, and functional hypotheses for this element. It consists of trabecular bone with a caudal articular surface for the dentary covered by cartilage. Tissue mechanobiology suggests this contact was kinetic, representing a previously unknown type of avian cranial kinesis. We hypothesize that the avian predentary was a biomechanically induced sesamoid that coevolved with an edentulous portion of the premaxilla, together representing a successful morphotype that combined a small beak with a proprioceptive system. The avian predentary is a small skeletal structure located rostral to the paired dentaries found only in Mesozoic ornithuromorphs. The evolution and function of this enigmatic element is unknown. Skeletal tissues forming the predentary and the lower jaws in the basal ornithuromorph Yanornis martini are identified using computed-tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and histology. On the basis of these data, we propose hypotheses for the development, structure, and function of this element. The predentary is composed of trabecular bone. The convex caudal surface articulates with rostromedial concavities on the dentaries. These articular surfaces are covered by cartilage, which on the dentaries is divided into 3 discrete patches: 1 rostral articular cartilage and 2 symphyseal cartilages. The mechanobiology of avian cartilage suggests both compression and kinesis were present at the predentary–dentary joint, therefore suggesting a yet unknown form of avian cranial kinesis. Ontogenetic processes of skeletal formation occurring within extant taxa do not suggest the predentary originates within the dentaries, nor Meckel's cartilage. We hypothesize that the predentary is a biomechanically induced sesamoid that arose within the soft connective tissues located rostral to the dentaries. The mandibular canal hosting the alveolar nerve suggests that the dentary teeth and predentary of Yanornis were proprioceptive. This whole system may have increased foraging efficiency. The Mesozoic avian predentary apparently coevolved with an edentulous portion of the premaxilla, representing a unique kinetic morphotype that combined teeth with a small functional beak and persisted successfully for ∼60 million years.


Four types of cartoons, the O'Connell Story Test, humorous photographs, and humorous literature were presented to 30 men and 30 women college students in an experiment designed to assess the generality of humor and structure of wit. Little relationship was found between cartoons and other humorous media, although there was a correlation of .336 between the O'Connell Humor score and appreciation of absurdity cartoons. Responses to humorous photographs and literary selections were not correlated with responses to cartoon types, but showed some relation to the O'Connell Hostile Wit score. Significant sex differences were noted in ratings of cartoon types.