Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have been dependent on supporting schemes to be competitive with conventional electricity generation. Selling prices of PV power production are now lower than buying prices in several countries, making it profitable to match generation with household consumption. Self-consumption, calculated as in situ instantaneous consumption of PV power production relative to total power production, can be used to improve the profitability with higher buying than selling prices of electricity. Another measure, self-sufficiency, similar to self-consumption but calculated relative to the yearly consumption, can also be used. Battery storage and electric vehicle (EV) home-charging are interesting alternatives to increase the self-consumption, since the PV power production can be stored for later use. This study uses high-resolution consumption data for 21 single-family houses in Sweden and irradiance data for the year 2008 to examine the potential for battery storage and EV home-charging for communities of single-family houses with PV systems. The aim is to compare how self-consumption and self-sufficiency are affected by individual power grid connections for all households versus one shared grid connection for the whole community. These scenarios are combined with battery storage and EV charging (individual versus centralized). It is found that total consumption profiles level out when several houses are connected together, the self-consumption increases from 52 to 71 % and the self-sufficiency from 12 to 17 %. The size of a centralized storage can be reduced compared to the aggregated size of storages in every house to reach the same level of self-consumption. The potential for EV charging is limited due to mismatch between irradiance and charging patterns. The extra revenue from increased self-consumption with battery storage is too low for all the cases to justify an investment in batteries since the prices are still too high. With dedicated support schemes, higher buying prices of electricity and cheaper battery, PV-battery systems can still be an interesting solution in countries with high solar irradiance throughout the year.


Method and a network unit for implementing a customized video service in IMS is provided. First, S-CSCF may, S-CSCF is, after acquiring that are subscribed to the video service UE2 is customized, and transmits the "INVITE" message with the media information of UE1 to MRF. Next, MRF is, UE1 is, according to UE1 of media information, if it is decided to support the format of video to be played, MRF sends a 200 OK message with the video information to the S-CSCF . Then, S-CSCF sends a "INFO" message to MRF, after receiving the 200 OK message from the MRF, and transmits a 180 ringing message to the UE1. Finally, the RTP path established between the UE1 and the MRF, thereby, UE2 customized video played to UE1, the call request for the UE2 from UE1 is transferred to UE2.


Abstract: This descriptive research discusses conversation analysis among senior high school students. It was conducted based on the importance of adjacency pairs and preference organization in speaking; these two aspects covered the appropriateness between preceding and proceeding talk, the pattern of preferred and dispreferred response. The participants of this research was second years students of MAN 1 Pekanbaru. The data was collected by giving topics to peer of student and recorded by the researcher. Then, the recording was transcribed based on Gail Jefferson's transcription. The research was analyzed by considering three aspects (1) the type and adequacy of students' initiating and responding,(2) student's ability in constructing 4 types of adjacency pairs; Question-Answer, Greeting-greeting, Telling-acceptance and invitation-refusal or acceptance,(3) preference organization: preference for agreement and preference for contiguity. Based on the data analysis, 86 % students produced Question-answer, 7.3 % of students produced Greeting-greeting, 5 % of students produced Telling-acceptance and 2 % produced invitation-acceptance or refusal.   Based on the students' ability in producing preference organizations, 83 % of students gave positive response and 4.2 % gave negative to positive question while students gave 3.3 % positive responses and 4.2 % negative response to negative question. Based on the adequacy of students' response 21.6 % of students gave adequate plus response, 69.1 % gave adequate response, 5.8 % gave inadequate response and 0.16 % gave ambiguous response. There was also tendency that students produced more transactional question rather than interactional questions. Keyword : conversation analysis, adjacency pairs, preference organization. Students' Speaking Ability, descriptive Research


Machine learning approaches have recently gained increasing interests in the fault diagnosis and health condition monitoring. To effectively monitor the health condition of wind turbine blade, the blade stress and strain signals measured by FBG strain gauges is investigated in this paper. An unsupervised learning method, namely Deep Convolutional Autoencoder (DCAE) is proposed for wind turbine blade fault detection. In the method, DCAE is trained with healthy data measured from Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain gauges through which the nature of wind turbine blade stress and strain signal is captured together with consideration of operational conditions. Then, the reconstruction error of the DCAE for the newly input signals is used for identifying abnormal conditions of wind blade. By analysing the field data with healthy and faulty conditions, it is observed that the proposed DCAE method is effective for fault detection and monitoring of wind turbine blade.


The use of saline water for the irrigation of forage crops to alleviate water scarcity has become necessary in semi-arid and arid regions and researchers have been seeking ways to offset the harmful results of soil salinity. Soil amendments with compost, manure and other organic material provide a valuable source of plant nutrients and appear to speed up soil recovery. The aim of this study was to compare the benefits of farmyard manure and a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost (40 mg ha−1) for raising alfalfa (Medicago sativa, cv. Gabès) under salt-water irrigation. Both compost and manure improved plant mineral uptake and growth of alfalfa cultivated in clay soil. Using compost in clay soil increased the content of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in plant tissues compared to manure, while the bio-accumulation factor (BAF) of Cu, Pb and Zn was higher in plants grown with manure compared to MSW compost with salt stress. Compost addition could enhance alfalfa growth under salt stress, which depends on salt doses and can greatly improve the recovery effects in a cost-effective way, although additional amendment type should receive special attention in order to be used as a tool for sustainable agriculture.


Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler flow imaging for polypoid lesions of gallbladder. Methods:The features of ultrasonographic imaging of 56 cases were analyzed, including 38 with cholysterol polyp, 7 with ade-nomyosis, 5 with adenoma and 6 with gallbladder carcinoma. Results:Diameter of cholysterol polypoid and adenomyosis were smaller than 10mm,while the diameter of adenoma and carcinoma were larger than 10mm. RKresistence index) 0. 60 have stastic value in differiential diagnosis for PLG. Conclusion: Color Doppler Flow Imaging is an important technique for diagnosis of polypoid lesions of gallbladder.


A few years ago, as a student in a Master of Social work program, I listened to a presentation given by the former director of a two-year "Teen-parent" program. The talk was intended to provide insights into the process of program planning and implementation, which it did. At the conclusion, and really more as an off-the-record remark, the speaker said she had come to realize that the program, in spite of its having met its goals and objectives, was not really needed. The teens had little difficulty during their pregnancies and, as time showed, they were capable of doing a reasonably adequate job of mothering.


Curing is an important and time consuming step in the fabrication of thermosettingmatrix composite products. The use of embedded resistive heating elements providing supplemental heating from within the material being cured has been shown in previous studies (Ramakrishnan, rixhnar7 Zhu, and Pitchumani, 2000, J. Manuf. Sci, Eng., 122, pp. 124-131; and Zhu and Pitchumani, 2000, Compos. Sci. Technol., 60, 2699-2712.) to offer significant improvements in cure cycle time and cure uniformity, due to the inside-out curing. This paper addresses the problem of determining the temperature and electrical current cycles, as well as the placement configuration of the conductive mats. for time-optimal curing of composites using embedded resistive heating elements. A continuous search simulated annealing optimisation technique is utilized coupled with a numerical process simulation model to determine the optimal solutions for selected process constraints. Optimization results are presented over a range of material systems and different numbers of conductive mats to assess the effects of materials reactivity on the optimal number of conductive mats.


Both sexes of Musca domestica L. were sterilized when they migrated through 10 cm of expanded polystyrene foam strands treated with 5% tepa. When 18 cm of the strands were used, the sterile males were equally or only slightly less competitive than normal males. Neither sex recovered fertility over 4 weeks. All adults emerging through treated strands that had been placed over pupae left undisturbed in the larval medium were sterilized. Ten days after emergence through the treated strands, the mortality of treated flies was 7% greater than that of untreated flies, but thereafter mortality was about equal. Native females were less receptive sexually to laboratory-reared sterilized males than to untreated native males. The maximum tepa recovered in flies that migrated through the treated strands was 21.1 μg per fly from the integument, 24.9 μg per fly from the homogenate, and 57.8 μg per fly from the environment.


In this paper, fitted finite volume method is developed to solve a nonlinear degenerate Black-Scholes equation applied in the valuation of unit-linked policy with surrender option, based on the fitting idea in S. Wang (IMA J. Numer. Anal., 24 (2004), 699-720). Unlike the conventional pricing method mentioned in (1) which is using the free boundary method to calibrate the valuation PDE, here we develop a power penalty method to solve numerically the linear complimentary problem in the variational inequality arising from the valuation of unit-linked policy with surren- der option. With the degenerate boundary and non-smooth final condition, we will show that it is essential to refine the mesh to remain the convergence and super-convergence order.


Remedies for Tuberculosis still continue to be brought forward. Among the latest is Urea, the results of the administration of which are said to be very encouraging. With their usual promptitude Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome & Co. have brought out Tabloids of Urea, which form a reliable and convenient means of administering this agent, the dose of which is from five to twenty grains (1 to 4 tabloids).


The invention relates to a motor rotor winding interturn short-circuit failure diagnosing method based on stator iron core vibration, which used for solving the problem of detection of rotor winding interturn short-circuit failure. The method comprises the following steps of: mounting a vibration sensor outside a motor stator iron core; then acquiring a stator iron core vibrating signal output by the vibration sensor on line by a data acquisition instrument and carrying out fast Fourier transformation on the signal to obtain a stator iron core vibrating frequency spectrum; finally judging whether the rotor winding interturn short-circuit failure exists or not according to the amplitude variable quantity of a failure characteristic signal contained in the stator iron core vibrating signal; if the amplitude variable quantity of the failure characteristic signal is larger than a failure threshold value, judging that the motor rotor has the winding interturn short-circuit failure; and otherwise, judging that the motor rotor does not have the interturn short-circuit failure, wherein the frequency of the failure characteristic signal is omega r/2pi, and omega r is the mechanical angular velocity of the rotor. The method is simple and easy and has high detecting precision and reliability.


"Object ive of this paper is helping the blind/old persons travelling easy and illiterate people as well as pedestrian people using an interactive embedded Wireless Sensor Networks . The blind person in the bus station is identified with RF communicat ion. The blind informs the location he needs through the microphone which is given to the voice recognition system which produces the output of bus numbers in the voice synthesizer unit wh ich is heard in Speaker. Then this location is transmitted to the transceiver in the bus. If the names in the transceiver in the bus matches with that of the name send by the blind, then there is an alarm in the bus unit alerting the presence of blind and a voice to the user's headset that the particular bus has arrived. With the help of GPS tracker connected with audio output the destination chosen by the blind is intimated when the bus reaches the correct location. The project deals with sensor application with wireless communication (RF). The sensor based node is operated with the micro controller (ARM 7LPC2148, PIC 16F877A). The positioning is done by the GPS(g lobal positioning system).the blind person or older person he find the way by using GPS modem. The sensors indicate the free place in bus section. Two units namely the blind unit and the bus unit consisting of different modules PIC controller, voice synthesizer, and (voice) speech recognition system, both the units the blind passengers identifies and gives alert the bus it has to board. T he microcontroller controls the system and the GPS module and the Speech recognizer that are used for required bus tracking the location and knowing the desired location given by the passenger respectively. If the location matches, then the voice synthesizer will notify the passenger via speaker connected to the passenger unit to get down at the desired location. in addition to this gas sensor and fire sensor detects any fire and gas accidents in bus and automatically controls the bus environment through actua tors and gives alert to passengers' inside the bus."


Design charts are presented for the design of a stiffened coupled structural wall with a strong beam located somewhere along the building height. The analysis is based on a continuous medium approach with the deflection at the top. The couple due to the axial force in the walls and the shear force in the laminae are presented in the form of graphs. The variations of the couple due to the axial force in the walls and the laminar shear along the structural height are also presented to permit the curtailment of reinforcements where appropriate for achieving economy. The results are given in terms of two dimensionless structural parameters: one is the relative flexural rigidity of the strong beam, and the other is a measure of the effectiveness of the lintel beams. The application of the design charts is illustrated by determining the deflections and the internal forces of a typical 20-story building.


A shock wave driven by discharge plasma propagating in a high-power millimetre-wave beam was investigated both experimentally and numerically. A shadowgraph experiment was used to visualize the shock wave and plasma. The ionization wave front of the plasma preceded the shock wave by 2.0–4.0 mm under conditions of 170 GHz beam frequency, atmospheric pressure, and 1.1 GW/m2 peak power density (power density at the beam axis). Furthermore, a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation considering non-equilibrium temperatures and filamentary plasma structures revealed that an ionization-wave front precedes a shock wave front because the energy relaxation requires a few micro-seconds from vibrational excitation at a plasma front to translational excitation for the shock wave formation. Consequently, the distance between an ionization wave front and shock wave front is 3.8 mm in the two-dimensional CFD simulation, which agreed with the experimental results.


This paper analyzes current tax policy of E-commerce in China and points out that the tax policy of the E-commerce is not'vacuum'.Based on foreign scholars' research and analysis of relative elements,this paper concludes that the economic effect of tax policy on E-commerce is not as big as expected.Combined with the experiences of foreign countries,this paper suggests that we should confirm the tax policy and formulate tax preference for E-commerce in China,which will help the development of economy and business in China.


A coherent perturbation (CP) adaptive technique which eliminates the need to implement a separate receiver on each adaptive element is described. The new algorithm supports more implementation options than other perturbation techniques and produces an estimate of the power in a single element. A hardlimited version of the new algorithm can also be implemented to reduce the dynamic range requirement as well as the variations in transient response with jamming power. An approximation for the steady-state misadjustment is obtained. Simulation results are presented and compared with theoretical results. Timing synchronization requirements derived from computer runs are also presented.


This essay critically evaluates the present moment of representation in social media of various subjects by looking back and interrogating past representations of technology and otherness in Hollywood cinema. Specifically, I argue that Ridley Scott's cult classic film Bladerunner (1982) offers us a window into thinking about technology -as-other as portrayed in a historical moment that charted out the rise of neoliberalism under Ronald Reagan in the USA and Margaret Thatcher in the UK. I draw on G.W.F. Hegel's theorization of human subjectivity and power relations in his master -slave dialectic to analyze the relationship between humans and synthetic androids, also known as replicants, in the film. In engaging Hegel's analysis of power and servitude, I reveal myriad discourses of gazing that structure power not only within the narrative of the science fiction film, but moreover between the audience and the images. I conclude that the network of gazes between androids and humans highlight the ways in which human consciousness too is fabricated as well as mediated in and through the other(s).


The goal of programmatic Learning from Demonstration (LfD) is to learn a policy in a programming language that can be used to control a robot's behavior from a set of user demonstrations. This paper presents a new programmatic LfD algorithm that targets long-horizon robot tasks which require synthesizing programs with complex control flow structures, including nested loops with multiple conditionals. Our proposed method first learns a program sketch that captures the target program's control flow and then completes this sketch using an LLM-guided search procedure that incorporates a novel technique for proving unrealizability of programming-by-demonstration problems. We have implemented our approach in a new tool called PROLEX and present the results of a comprehensive experimental evaluation on 120 benchmarks involving complex tasks and environments. We show that, given a 120 second time limit, PROLEX can find a program consistent with the demonstrations in 80% of the cases. Furthermore, for 81% of the tasks for which a solution is returned, PROLEX is able to find the ground truth program with just one demonstration. In comparison, CVC5, a syntax guided synthesis tool, is only able to solve 18% of the cases even when given the ground truth program sketch, and an LLM-based approach, GPT-Synth, is unable to solve any of the tasks due to the environment complexity.


The aim of this note is to revisit the problem of the negative energy levels in the early Dirac electron theory. It is a problem that was not resolved satisfactorily in the context of Dirac's relativistic quantum theory, or in its extension to quantum electrodynamics, according to Dirac's own view. It will be my contention that this problem is automatically resolved in any continuous field theory of microscopic matter, as in the author's demonstration of quantum mechanics as a linear, asymptotic limit of a continuous, nonlinear field theory of the inertia of matter, rooted in the theory of general relativity, [1].


Massive black holes at the centers of galaxies can launch powerful wide-angle winds that, if sustained over time, can unbind the gas from the stellar bulges of galaxies. These winds may be responsible for the observed scaling relation between the masses of the central black holes and the velocity dispersion of stars in galactic bulges. Propagating through the galaxy, the wind should interact with the interstellar medium creating a strong shock, similar to those observed in supernovae explosions, which is able to accelerate charged particles to high energies. In this work we use data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope to search for the γ -ray emission from galaxies with an ultra-fast outflow (UFO): a fast ( v ∼ 0 . 1c), highly ionized outflow, detected in absorption at hard X-rays in several nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN). Adopting a sensitive stacking analysis we are able to detect the average γ -ray emission from these galaxies and exclude that it is due to processes other than the UFOs. Moreover, our analysis shows that the γ -ray luminosity scales with the AGN bolometric luminosity and that these outflows transfer ∼ 0.04 % of their mechanical power to γ rays. Interpreting the observed γ -ray emission as produced by cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated at the shock front, we find that the γ -ray emission may attest to the onset of the wind-host interaction and that these outflows can energize charged particles up to the transition region between galactic and extragalactic CRs.


This study aims to determine the language features used by male and female in social media, especially Instagram and Twitter. The data used in this study are based on ten characteristics of women's language features which presented by Robin Lakoff in her book entitled Language and Women's Place. This study also uses an additional theory about the characteristics of men's language which is presented by Jennifer Coates as a supporter of the main theory. The data collected comes from Instagram and Twitter posts containing hashtag #SaveJohnnyDepp. The results showed that male and female users use the same language characteristics, but the frequency is slightly different. The difference lies in the focus of the topics discussed and the use of language features proposed by Lakoff and Coates. This study also found that the purpose of using #SaveJohnnyDepp on Instagram and Twitter both male and female users is to provide support and ask for the justice that Johnny Depp deserves.


We outline a scheme for entanglement swapping based on cavity QED as well as quasi-Bell state measurement (quasi-BSM) methods. The atom–field interaction in the cavity QED method is performed in small and large detuning regimes. We assume two atoms are initially entangled together and, distinctly two cavities are prepared in an entangled coherent–coherent state. In this scheme, we want to transform entanglement to the atom-field system. It is observed that, the fidelities of the swapped entangled state in the quasi-BSM method can be compatible with those obtained in the small and large detuning regimes in the cavity QED method (the condition of this compatibility will be discussed). In addition, in the large detuning regime, the swapped entangled state is obtained by detecting and quasi-BSM approaches. In the continuation, by making use of the atom–field entangled state obtained in both approaches in a large detuning regime, we show that the atomic as well as field states teleportation with complete fidelity can be achieved.


This article describes a simple design of a low-cost, real-time, and computerized quartz crystal microbalance system. The system measures resonance frequencies up to 6 MHz with a resolution of 1 Hz, i.e., it can monitor mass change in the range of nano-gram and thickness change in the range of micrometer. The designed system consists of three main parts: input circuitry, control, and counting parts. In the input circuitry, three separated input signals types are allowable: the first is direct TTL compatible, the second is analog signal, while the third is the signal that may come from the quartz crystal microbalance. The last two signals are converted to TTL signals using wave-shaping circuitry. The control part is interfaced with the status and control ports of the computer LPT1 parallel port. It consists of time base circuitry and different multiplexers to control data sending to computer according to the input signal under investigation. The counter consists of six binary counters in cascade and directly interfaced to the computer through the LPT1 data port; the transfer process was carried out by two different ways according to the measuring mode of the system. All parts were controlled by specially designed software. Finally, the frequency readings of the quartz crystal microbalance were found to be in good agreement with those of a frequency counter model GFC-8055G connected in parallel during an experiment performed to test the system.


There are many entrepreneurial communities in the Asian subcontinent, which are known for their economic resilience and religious orientation but have received limited attention in extant literature. These communities include Memon, Delhiwala, Chinioti, Ismaili and Bohri, which have been persistent in keeping their members economically stable, as many centuries, while also retaining their religio-sociocultural identity. This paper aims to add to the body of literature by documenting the possible factors, which contribute toward advancing socio-economic justice for the members of respective communities.,This study uses Eisenhardth research strategy within a social constructivist paradigm to process data from in-depth interviews, memos and documentary sources to explore the internal dynamics of three most prominent of these communities (Memon, Delhiwala and Chinioti) in Pakistan.,The findings reveal that the secret to their resilience is, perhaps, rooted in their religio-sociocultural communal norms, which may not just ensure effective wealth redistribution among the deserving segments of the society but may also enable its deserving members to achieve self-reliance through community-supported–entrepreneurial–activity. This study proposes that a culture of community-based–family–entrepreneurship coupled with the spirit of cooperation, sacrifice and reciprocity may eliminate the possibility of socioeconomic injustice.,The religious entrepreneurial communities may be seen as an alternate to free-market or state-driven methods to impart socioeconomic justice where needed. The voluntary inclination of entrepreneurs in such communities to facilitate those in need may, perhaps, reduce or even eliminate the need to involve state intervention to redistribute wealth through taxation, which may also eliminate the cost of the state bureaucracy, which is used for the collection and redistribution of taxes.,The findings add to the body of literature which could help similar communities to improve their socioeconomic stability in a just manner for all its members. Policymakers can also take notice of the religio-sociocultural norms at the source of socioeconomic justice within the respective communities to formulate policies conducive to sustaining such norms where necessary.


A three-dimensional parabolic heat conduction model has been developed to analyze heat transfer and solidification in variously shaped continuous casters. A fixed grid source based enthalpy method was used to model solidification during a casting process. In order to correctly model arbitrary cross-sectional shaped castings, a body-fitted coordinate transformation (BFT) technique was employed to transform the physical space on to a rectangular computational domain. The transformed governing equations and boundary conditions were solved in the transformed plane. Two arbitrarily shaped casters, having dog-bone, and hexagonal cross-sections, were tested in this study. The governing equations were discretized using the control-volume finite difference approach, wherein an implicit solution technique was employed to solve the set of discretized algebraic equations


The influence of yeast extract concentration ranging from 0 to 15g/L on the kinetic parameters of yoghurt strains bath cultivated on whey culture medium had been analyzed in detail,including cell numbers,lactose consumption and lactic acid production.The results indicated that higher concentrations of yeast extract had an inhibitory effect,and yeast extract at a concentration of 10g/L was suitable.Under the optimized condition,the lactose utilization rate for Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus KLDS 1.9201 reached 77%,the lactic acid production reached 50g/L and the bacterial populations attained to 1.96×109CFU/mL after 10h growth.The lactose utilization rate for Streptococcus thermophilus KLDS 3.0201 reached 74%,the lactic acid production reached 33g/L and the final concentration of biomass attained to 2.52×109CFU/mL after 6h growth.


With the increasing amount of space weather forecasting simulation codes being developed, assessing their performance becomes crucial. Especially the errors resulting from coronal magnetic field models are a critical factor, because these will get propagated further by various solar wind models. We present a first result for a benchmarking system that allows a rather easy-to-implement  assessment of the performance quality of any coronal magnetic field model. This will allow for a standardized comparison between different models. The benchmarking system is based on stepwise visual and semi-automatized comparisons between model output and EUV on-disk and coronograph white-light data. We are using various viewpoints and instrumental data provided by STEREO, SOHO and SDO.
In our work we exemplarily apply this scheme to the coronal model currently implemented in EUHFORIA, an adaption of the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) model, with varying input parameters. Furthermore, with this system we also show its possible usage for the derivation of an ideal parameter set.


The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the novel category of hybrid porous multifunctional materials with excellent qualitative features. These properties can be fine tune with judicial collection of organic ligand, metal...


Strategy is essential in developing all aspects of early childhood development, including in developing aspects of children's creativity. However, some educators sometimes forget the role of strategy in the process of developing children's creativity. Therefore, this study analyzed the use of appropriate strategies to develop children's creativity. This study used an inquiry learning strategy to analyze the process of using inquiry learning strategies in optimizing children's creativity. This study used a qualitative research method with group B children in TK Jeumpa Ban Kemang as the research subjects. This study also used interview data collection techniques, observation, and documentation with analytical techniques, Miles and Huberman. Based on this, the results obtained that the inquiry strategy was very appropriate to be used as a way to increase children's creativity.


This article presents the results of an investigation involving the provisions for special education services in state charter school legislation and highlights selected special education issues within Colorado's charter schools. The research included document reviews, a survey of individual charter schools, interviews, and site visits in four schools. The results of this multilevel effort reveal significant variability across states and among charter schools within Colorado in how students with disabilities access the schools as well as how special education is provided. There is a general lack of information flowing to charter schools about special education and a disparity in how services are funded and provided. Legal and administrative responsibilities for special education are often ambiguous. Nonetheless, charter schools appear to offer individualized educational approaches that are perceived by many parents and teachers as meeting the needs of many students who had experienced learning as well as behavior problems in the public schools.


The purpose of this work is to investigate which of an agent's properties determines leader-follower relationships in cooperative tasks performed by a human and an agent (a computer). The possible factors of an agent are intelligence, obstinance, and appearance. In this paper, we focused on intelligence and obstinance and conducted a psychological experiment using a mark matching game with a declaration phase, which enables us to observe who becomes the leader in a cooperative task. Experimental results showed that humans tend to follow an agent who has low intelligence and more obstinance rather than an agent who has high intelligence and less obstinance, and we found that obstinance is more important than intelligence in being a leader in human-computer interaction.


The paper points out that growth of FH(Universities of Applied Science) in Germany underwent three stages, changes of demand from social economy and laws ruling the development of education are the impetus of reform and growth of FH.


We have observed and analyzed a new effect in the transient current measurement of polysilicon TFT's: the presence of an "overshoot" in the transient response, which implies a time dependent gate capacitance exceeding C/sub ox/ WL. We have also performed two-dimensional (2-D) transient simulations to explain the experimental results. Our analysis indicates that a TFT circuit model based on lumped intranodal impedances cannot explain the observed transient current behavior. It follows that the "subtransistor" approach is essential for accurate dynamic circuit simulations.


This volume is based upon a conference which brought together a group of leading developmental researchers to assess state-of-the-art methodology for measuring audition and vision during the first year of life. The volume is primarily aimed at providing an overview of current methods used to assess hearing and vision. Both behavioral and physiological approaches are examined in detail with a view toward providing the reader with a critical undertanding of the methods, including their strengths and weaknesses. It is essential reading for those interested in the development of sensory systems.


In recent years, the comparison of the European Union and Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Turkey has come to the fore. It has been discussed whether the organizations can be alternatives to each other, especially for Turkey. In this study, using the panel gravity model approach, Turkey's foreign trade volume with both organizations has been tested to determine whether they can be alternatives to each other. The analysis made covers the 2003-2019 periods. The dependent variable is the foreign trade volume consisting of the sum of Turkey's exports and imports with both organizations. The independent variables are the gross domestic product values representing the economic size of the countries and the "distance variable" representing the distances of the countries from each other. Additionally, a dummy variable is added to the model to represent the economic crisis in Turkey in 2008. According to the analysis results, the economic size of the countries affects foreign trade positively. In contrast, distance and financial crisis dummy variables affect foreign trade negatively. In addition, it has been determined that the increase in the incomes of the European Union countries has a more significant effect on Turkey's total foreign trade volume. As a result, Shanghai Cooperation Organization cannot be an alternative to the European Union for Turkey.


In the present paper, the safety of several major plant growth regulators to environment, agricultural products and animals was discussed synthetically. Paclobutrazol is stable in physical and chemical properties with slow degradation, and is able to secondly control the plant growth obviously, but it is degradable and becomes mutagenic substance, it can be enriched in the soil and is able to bio-magnify. Uniconazole is quick degradable with less residue. Ethephon is potentially mutagenic to the animals, it is degradable and can produce residues which will be harmfulto animal body. Moreover, their residual quantity differs with different organs in a plant and their residue in the leafage of several plants is in a high level.


Today, the sustainable development of agriculture depends largely on increasing its competitiveness. An important factor in this direction is the establishment of agro-clusters in Uzbekistan. This article highlights the ongoing agrarian and economic reforms in the agricultural sector and the organization of agroclusters in the development of the sector, as well as the role of infrastructure in it.


In this paper, we determine the 4-adic complexity of the balanced quaternary sequences of period 2p and 2(2 −1) with ideal autocorrelation defined by Kim et al. (ISIT, pp. 282-285, 2009) and Jang et al. (ISIT, pp. 278-281, 2009), respectively. Our results show that the 4-adic complexity of the quaternary sequences defined in these two papers is large enough to resist the attack of the rational approximation algorithm. Index Terms 4-adic complexity, balance, ideal autocorrelation, quaternary sequences, the rational approximation algorithm


ing audiences to hearing and viewing the music, dance, and instruments discussed in the film. Rarely heard sung epics accompanied by Chikuzen biwa performed by Kokuto Molly Kimura expose listeners to a medieval genre that encompasses a unique aesthetic of Japanese traditional music. Rare footage of shimai – nō drama dance – accompanied by singing is another performing tradition dating back to medieval times (1185–1573). Viewers have the pleasure of hearing Shirley Muramoto Wong perform "Haru no umi" ['Spring Sea'] a twentieth-century koto and shakuhachi duet written by the wellknown blind koto-performer-composer Miyagi Michio. Dramatic shigin deftly sung by master Kokko Ohigashi highlights a traditional song genre that enjoyed renewed popularity in certain camps. Visually entertaining is the buyō (classical dance) performance by interviewee Bando Misayasu, with Japanese popular song as musical accompaniment. Overall, the film is a gem, a wealth of personal recollections, conveying not only the pain of those years, but the positive attitude and experience of opportunities to engage in the performing arts of the Japanese homeland. Lastly, the soundtrack – a wonderful array of Japanese traditional, contemporary, and fusion music –merits attention. Musical pieces that coalesce the Japanese koto's idiomatic playing style with a jazz-based modern sound are the creation of Muramoto Wong and her band, Murasaki Ensemble, one of a number of groups whose continuous use and innovation of the koto has helped to sustain this instrument in the twenty-first century.


Embodiments of the invention relates to an ophthalmic system for providing a suction force that the product, either normal or acceptable color in the eye cosmetic to the user at the same time that a lens effective for blocking blue. Ophthalmology, system, lens, blue, block, color balance, the spectrum, the band, the filter


The paper discusses the uniformity of diamond‐like carbon (DLC) thin overlays deposited with radio frequency plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF PECVD) method on optical fibers with induced long‐period gratings (LPGs). When refractive index around the LPG increases, a spectral response of the LPG strongly depends on properties of the overlay. Using LPG suspended in the RF PECVD chamber, we have found that DLC thickness distribution around the fiber highly depend on a distance between the LPG and the electrode. More asymmetrical deposition, which takes place when the LPG is located closer to the electrode, induces appearance of a series of additional resonances in LPG transmission spectrum. It has been found that for the fiber suspended 7.2 mm over the electrode the coating has the highest uniformity. Higher uniformity obtained by fiber suspension in the chamber has been compared with the effect resulting from fiber rotation between two consecutive processes. It is shown that more symmetrical deposition is obtained for the suspended samples than for the rotated ones.


Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) being an important dryland horticultural tree, grows well with minimum care and maintenance. The study aimed at identifying the genetic diversity present in twenty jackfruit genotypes for different pulp colours. The genotypes were identified for commercial cultivation, based on fruit and flake quality characters viz., fruit weight, fruit rind weight per kg fruit, number of flakes per kg fruit, weight of flakes per kg fruit, individual fresh flake weight and TSS as per the Jackfruit descriptors given by IPGRI, Rome. The best genotypes identified from the study were Swarna, Lalbagh Madhura, Byrachandra, NSP, Ashoka Yellow and NEL and these can be used for commercial purpose. Molecular diversity analysis was also carried out using 22 SSR primers, out of which six primers (SSR 9, SSR 10, SSR 30, SSR 34, SSR 45 and SSR 48) showed polymorphism among twenty genotypes. The genetic similarity co-efficient ranged from 0 to 0.96, indicating a vast variation in genetic diversity for pulp colour. A dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA analysis revealed three major clusters. The genotypes with cream and yellow colour pulp grouped in cluster I and II, followed by yellow, orange and red in cluster III. These markers effectively segregated the genotypes based on different pulp colours and hence, can be used for both diversity analysis and in breeding applications.


The renaissance of spelt is associated with the development of alternative farming and a trend to maintain biodiversity. The present study carried out a comparison between two methods of weeding (mechanical and chemical) as well as a cereal cultivar influence on chemical composition of spelt and wheat. The research material was taken from field experiments carried out during three years. In order to assess the chemical composition, the following cereal cultivars were used: lines of winter spelt – STH 8 and STH 11 and a winter common wheat cv. Tonacja. In all cases, the overall protein content in spelt was significantly higher than in common wheat. Spelt grain is also richer in fats than common wheat. A visible tendency to higher concentration of raw fibre was observed when mechanical weeding was applied. Also, mechanical weeding as well as the variety significantly influenced β-glucan content. The study of the impact of a weeding method and a variety does not clearly show the direction of the amino acid content changes. The research indicates that there are ample opportunities to shape the level of nutrients, which decide about spelt grain application in the food industry through agronomic factors (methods of weeding and cultivar).


Objective To express the membrane surface protein 5(MSP5) of Anaplasma marginale in prokaryotic cells and analyze its immunogenicity.Methods Recombinant E.coli pQE-MSP5/BL21(DE3) was induced with IPTG,and expressed product was purified by MagneHisTM protein purification system then analyzed by SDS-PAGE.BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified MSP5,using physiological saline as negative control.The serum antibody level of immunized mice was determined by ELISA,while the splenic lymphocyte proliferation level by lymphocyte proliferation test,and T lymphocyte subgroup by flow cytometry.Results The expressed recombinant MSP5,with a relative molecular mass of about 23 000,reached a purity of 83.2% and a concentration of 1.087 mg/ml after purification.Purified MSP5 induced specific antibody in mice.The lymphocyte proliferation level,CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocyte counts as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio of immunized mice were significantly higher,while the CD8+ lymphocyte count was significantly lower,than those in negative control group(P 0.05).Conclusion The MSP5 of A.marginale was successfully expressed and purified,which showed high immunogenicity.It laid a foundation of preparing monoclonal antibody and developing an accurate and reliable diagnostic method for A.marginale infection.


Nature is meaningful in many ways to the people living in the north. The forests, fells, bogs and their animals are still familiar to most of the people of the north, and a part of their everyday life. Many have a strong relationship with nature, which is a source of refreshment and strength in their lives. Many trades in the northern areas of the Nordic countries are connected to the natural environment in one way or another. Especially in the north, nature is easily accessible, and services and activities relying on nature that support people's wellbeing are produced and developed in the tourism, agriculture and education fields as well as social and healthcare. In recent years, a need has emerged to develop especially Green Care type of services through mutual co-operation of these fields in order to leverage the competence and opportunities of the different fields effectively and in a way that benefits the customer.


In the past few years, numerous privacy vulnerabilities have been discovered in the WiFi standards and their implementations for mobile devices. These vulnerabilities allow an attacker to collect large amounts of data on the device user, which could be used to infer sensitive information such as religion, gender, and sexual orientation. Solutions for these vulnerabilities are often hard to design and typically require many years to be widely adopted, leaving many devices at risk. In this paper, we present UNVEIL - an interactive and extendable platform to demonstrate the consequences of these attacks. The platform performs passive and active attacks on smartphones to collect and analyze data leaked through WiFi and communicate the analysis results to users through simple and interactive visualizations. The platform currently performs two attacks. First, it captures probe requests sent by nearby devices and combines them with public WiFi location databases to generate a map of locations previously visited by the device users. Second, it creates rogue access points with SSIDs of popular public WiFis (e.g. _Heathrow WiFi, Railways WiFi) and records the resulting internet traffic. This data is then analyzed and presented in a format that highlights the privacy leakage. The platform has been designed to be easily extendable to include more attacks and to be easily deployable in public spaces. We hope that UNVEIL will help raise public awareness of privacy risks of WiFi networks.


Rules of resource capture, utilization and release derived from CSR theory have been used to construct a cellular automaton model simulating secondary succession and spatial patterns of vegetation development on gradients in resource concentration and intensity of disturbance. It is confirmed that simple differences in the resource dynamics of founder populations are sufficient to generate a succession in which there are phases of dominance and decline consistent with Egler's initial floristic composition hypothesis, Odum's theory of ecosystem maturation and Connell and Slatyer's inhibition model of secondary succession. Differences in resource dynamics may also permit a stable coexistence of populations in the presence of gradients of vegetation disturbance (...)


Based on the phase relationships in the Dy-Si-Al-O-N system, α-Sialon ceramics and α-βSialon composite ceramics with garnet and/or melilite as grain boundary phases were designed.The densification behavior, α'-β' phase transformation in heat-treatment, mechanical properties and microstructure characteristic were studied. The results show that Dy-α' and Dy-α'-β' ceramics with garnet and/or M' as grain boundary phases call be fabricated by HP. DyAG as an additive is more effective than M' in promoting densification. Dy-α' is kinetically more favourable to be formed over the other Dy-containing phases ulnhke the other Ln-α-Sialons, thereby the fractions of the α' phase in the as sintered specimens is higher than the designed ones. By post sintering heat-treatment, the α'→β' phase transformation occurs and the designed α'/α'+β' ratios can then be achieved.


Gold was deposited onto colloidal silver (mean particle size 76 A) in aqueous solution, and the composite particles were studied by spectrophotometry and electron microscopy. The deposition took place via electron transfer onto the silver particles by radiolytically generated free radicals and subsequent reduction of dissolved Au(CN) 2 - by the stored electrons. The method allows one to control the coating thickness. The optical spectra were also calculated using Mie theory and the optical constants of the pure metals. It was found that one monolayer of gold should be sufficient to mask the silver resonance band completely and that the gold plasmon band should develop more quickly than observed


The mouthpart deformities of Chironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) larvae, particularly in the mentum teeth, have been proposed as a bioindicator of sediment quality and environmental stress. Larvae of Chironomus sp. were collected from rice fields located at Rishra, Serampore and Khanakul (District- Hooghly, West Bengal, India). Physico-chemical parameters of water and sediment were recorded at each site. The agronomic practices revealed an excessive application of pesticides in the rice field for better yield. Field data exhibit high incidence that percentage of deformity in Rishra compared with Serampore and Khanakul. Laboratory experiments demonstrated a correlation between field concentration of pesticides and occurrence of deformed larvae. Among the various head capsules structures, deformity of the mentum was strongly reflective of pesticide induced environmental stress.


When outsourcing R&D services, despite the economic benefits client firms can obtain thanks to the supplier refining their capabilities by serving more clients in the industry, potential knowledge leakage conflicts arise for the client as a result of the supplier contracting with competitors. Taking a capability-based and learning approach we suggest that client's commitment to the process of capability development coevolves with the commitment shown by the supplier by refraining from working also with client competitors. Specifically, we argue that sharing suppliers with competitors only boost the client's innovative performance when outsourcing standardized services. Using original survey data from 170 European and U.S. technology-intensive firms, we find that the provider supplying competitors negatively contributes to the client achieving its innovation objectives when outsourcing non-standardized R&D services. However, when outsourcing standardized services, having a shared supplier allows the client...


Post-disgorgement oxidative changes in bottle-fermented sparkling wines produced from Vitis vinifera and hybrid wine grape cultivars were examined with ascorbic acid and sulfur dioxide treatments added at disgorgement. Wines were stored 11 months at 21°C before analysis. Acetaldehyde was highest and browning was lowest in the sulfur dioxide treatments. Ascorbic acid after the storage period was 52% to 70% of the original amount added. Increasing SO 2 , when ascorbic acid was used, had little effect on ascorbic acid stability. When SO 2 was used, there was no benefit from including ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid treatments reduced browning over the controls in two of the six cultivars. An accelerated storage test showed that the ascorbic acid treatments had the highest potential for browning if exposed to high levels of oxygen and increased temperature.


ABSTRACT As surveillance (its role in policing and regulating behaviours in societies understood to be "free� and its relationship to privacy and intimacy) becomes an increasingly pressing and relevant contemporary concern, and as more and more contemporary films interrogate technologies of surveillance and reflect on film's place within such contexts, it is perhaps a good time to pull into the contemporary moment representations of surveillance from the East German State that devoted significant resources to developing and implementing technologies of surveillance and enjoyed a robust cinematic tradition. Thus, this essay explores how Roland Gräf's Die Flucht (1977) exposes surveillance as a series of gendered and engendering practices that are inscribed and invented, re-inscribed and reinvented, in multiple contexts and shows how reading non-linearly (a strategy promoted by Vicki Callahan in Reclaiming the Archives) reveals the remarkably similar deep-structures of this DEFA film and contemporary commercial films about surveillance.


Abstract We discuss the spectral mapping properties of the upper Weyl and upper Browder spectra of an arbitrary ordered Banach algebra element.


In the introduction to Flying from the Black Hole, Robert O. Harder asserts that, dating back to the early days at Kitty Hawk, writers and historians have addressed aviation almost exclusively from...


EXPORTS of U.S. farm commodities totaled $23 billion in 1976 and are expected to exceed that amount this year. Exports in the past year accounted for almost 25 percent of tile dollar value of all farm commodity sales, and the 100 million acres of land utilized in producing this volume of exports represented 30 percent of the total acreage harvested, Thus, exports play a significant role in determining the nation's farm income.


A comparative investigation of the mass spectra of the compounds Me2PhE, MePh2E, MeEtPhE (where E = P, As or Sb), PhPriEH (where E = N, P or As), MePhAsH, MePhEX (where X = Cl or I and E = As; X = Br and E = Sb) and PhPriEX (where X = Cl and E = P or As) has been undertaken at 70 eV. The main fragmentation pathways have been determined and the criteria established for the interpretation of spectra of these simple derivatives applied to a series of more complex arsines.


INTERFACE BETWEEN NAKHLITE OLIVINE AND IDDINGSITE. L. Daly, M. R. Lee, P. A. J. Bagot, L. J. Hallis, J. Halpin, W. Smith, S. McFadzean, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. (email@example.com). Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK. Materials and Condensed Matter Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.


Abstract Sulfuration or deoxygenation? Competitive transformations of the title imidazole N-oxides into respective masked thiourea analogs or into the parent heterocycle in the reaction with 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dithione are presented. The influence of an electron-withdrawing substituents in combination with the steric hindrance of neighboring groups onto reaction outcome is discussed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The Petrified Forest Member of the Triassic Chinle Formation in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona may be divided into a lower and upper unit by means of the Sonsela Sandstone Bed. Analysis of fossil vertebrates indicates that the Sonsela Sandstone Bed and upper Petrified Forest Member are characterized by a fauna distinct from that within the lower portion of the Petrified Forest Member. These faunas are believed to be of Norian and Carnian age respectively. Utilizing fossil vertebrates and certain lithostratigraphic units, especially the Sonsela Sandstone Bed and black forest tuff, exposures may be correlated within and between the Rainbow Forest, Blue Mesa, and Painted Desert areas of Petrified Forest National Park.


The applications of Embedded wireless sensor is very broad.This paper describes ultrasonic sensor-based targeting system principle,analysis of the interference present in the system and improved anti-jamming algorithm.We use S3C2440A micro-processor.This system composed by ultrasonic receiver and transmitter module,temperature measurement module and LCD module.We use Linux operating system as software platform.the main design of the system control program and the position calculation process,the system Achieved in indoor as well as some of the special and high precision positioning in harsh environments.The system has good computing ability and has good scalability and adaptability.


This article briefly reviews some advances in research on preventive medicine funded by NSFC in the past 20 years, based on final research reports from researchers.


The scientific advancement is various combinations of material development is driving the research to the forefront, in most of the industries. When metals chemically fail to combine readily with other metal, they easily combine with certain non-metals to provide exceptionally good properties. The main reason is due to strong bonding of metals to non-metals. This research work and study draw upon primarily all our activities to gather designing, and planning sources and our understanding of effectiveness in implementing structurally complementing materials to create a new product of excellent quality, better strength, valuable and profitable, through Merging by combining Genetically dissimilar materials, to obtain unified special product, possessing custom made properties, by applying new techniques for various applications in numerous industries. The aim of this research study and experiments is to find the combination of materials with an aim of getting a better and more desirable product combining different properties as needed.


The effects of Dy,Sm on discharge capacity,cycle stability and microstructure of low-Co hydrogen storage alloys added of Cu,Fe,Zn,Cr for partial substitution of Co were investigated.The results show that the low-Co hydrogen storage alloy with Dy has better cycle stability and higher discharge capacity.The low-Co hydrogen storage alloy with Sm exhibits higher discharge capacity and better activation kinetics,whereas the cycle stability decline slightly.


After the enactment of Food Safty Law,food safety incidents in China still occur frequently.The main reason lies in the failure of the government regulation mode in food safety.So the transformation of food safety regulation mode is imperative.Cooperative governance model advocated trust,information disclosure,full participation,equal status and shared responsibility,which is a new kind of executive decision-making mode.Introducing this mode into the field of food safety is not only in line with worldwide trend of food safety supervision,but also more feasible and legitimacy in terms of China's food safety regulation.Concerning to cooperative governance model design,it should focus on the direction,multi-dimensional relations of cooperation,shared responsibility system,information sharing system etc of the legal rules of food safety.


The invasive sector modification of Nectria haematococca, associated with a cytoplasmic factor σ, is characterized by an alteration of growth and an hyperproduction of pigments. To obtain insight into the molecular nature of this factor, we devised a curing protocol for cells which carry it. We tested the effect of elevated temperatures and drugs on the maintenance or the replication of the σ factor as estimated by the frequency of cultures which have lost the modified character. Modified cultures were converted into normal cultures when grown at 34 °C or in the presence of ethidium bromide, but not in the presence of cycloheximide or 5-fluorouracil. These results are discussed in connection with the possible involvement of a DNA plasmid in the control of sector modifications.


This paper presents the design and the preliminary performances of a CMOS linear array, resulting from collaboration between Alcatel Alenia Space and Cypress Semiconductor BVBA, which takes advantage of emerging potentialities of CMOS technologies. The design of the sensor is presented: it includes 8000 panchromatic pixels with up to 25 rows used in TDI mode, and 4 lines of 2000 pixels for multispectral imaging. Main system requirements and detector tradeoffs are recalled, and the preliminary test results obtained with a first generation prototype are summarized and compared with predicted performances.


This article conceptualizes multimethod research as doing cross-case causal inference—statistical analyses, experiments, or Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)—together with within-case causal inference in the form of case studies. In addition, game theoretic multimethod work is explored as combining a game theoretic model with case studies. The role of case studies is to explore causal mechanisms which cannot be captured in the cross-case, for example, statistical analyses. The article then describes the logic of case selection for case studies in order to explore causal mechanisms. Various combinations of X and Y variables are analyzed, some of which are useful for causal mechanism analysis and others which are not. Finally, the Avoid Overdetermination Rule is presented, which deals with issues of confounders, control variables, and alternative explanations.


Permutation flow shop scheduling is a part of production scheduling problems. It allows "n" jobs to be processed on "m" machines. All the jobs are processed in all the machines, and the sequence of jobs being processed is the same in all the machines. It plays a vital role in both automated manufacturing industries and nondeterministic polynomial hard problem. Gravitational emulation local search algorithm is a randomization-based concept algorithm. It is used iteratively as the local search procedure for exploring the local optimum solution. Modified gravitational emulation local search algorithm is used for both exploring and exploiting the optimum solution for permutation flow shop scheduling problems. In this work, modified gravitational emulation local search algorithm is proposed to solve the permutation flow shop scheduling problems with the objectives such as minimization of makespan and total flow time. The computational results show that the performance solution of the proposed algorithm gives better results than the previous author's approaches. Statistical tools are also used for finding out a relationship that exists between the two variables (makespan and total flow time) and to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach against the previous approaches in the literature.


SAXS investigations have shown that proton hydratosolvates in organic solutions of strong acids HAn form nanomicelle-like associates; the dependence of the size of the 'nanomicelle' (35-60A), their degree of shape distortion and tendency towards further aggregation on HAn concentration, the nature of An- and solvent basicity are discussed.


abstract In this article, I engage with the John Vuli Gate dance challenge as an example of African women's negotiation with agency in heteropatriarchal capitalist society. I begin to tend to concerns around the possibilities of agency, empowerment and self-determination within popular culture. I seek to show that agency is complicated but does not necessarily cease to exist in its entirety because of the oppressive context within which it exists. I draw on Patricia Clough's (2008) theorisation of what she terms the New Body, which is the body mediated by bio-technologies and all scales of matter, including social media platforms. Posthuman debates also feature alongside the New Body because central to the posthumanist perspective is the argument that humans will always be entangled with technology. I assert that the John Vuli Gate dance challenge, its documentation into video form and viral spread constitutes a postfeminist sensibility. I observe also how the virtual circulation and engagement with the video on Twitter inspires a viral performance of a style of dance involving a sticking out of the buttocks and swaying of the hips. Here, I draw attention to the historical nature of such a dance among African women and the diaspora and argue that the John Vuli Gate dance challenge is a return to the pleasure associated with this dance rather than the colonial imposition that insists on objectifying Black women who dance this way.


The banking industry plays an important role in a country's economy and proactively engaged in CSR activities while other industries are reactive to CSR due to external stakeholder pressure (Decker, 2004). The reputation of financial institutions depends on their CSR programs (Poolthong & Mandhachitara, 2009), which is why banking institutions tend to rank high on the international CSR rating index (Perez et al., 2013). One of these challenges stems from the negative impact of individual perceptions on financial institutions' (Matute et al., 2010). This refers to the perception that each individual plays a very important role in the financial institution. One focus of Bakti BCA CSR program is education because it realizes that education is an indicator to form mental and individual character to improve social welfare. The objective of this research is to know the perception of beneficiaries of education CSR programs on CSR dimension by using quantitative research. The result of this research explained that positive perceptions of beneficiaries consisting external or internal stakeholder will have an impact on company's operations and business. So that provides direct benefits in the social welfare of the benefits to the general public as external stakeholders and employees as internal stakeholders in order to improve the standard of living.


Cardiovascular reactivity which may predict the development of future hypertension in offspring is less studied in Arab world. Genetic studies have suggested that these responses may help to understand the hypertension pathophysiology.


Recently the reform of the upper levels of the German grammar school (Reform der gymnasialen Oberstufe) has come under fire not only as before because of Inherent organisational, administrative and socio-psychological problems but even because of its didactic concept, which has come to be considered unsatisfactory or even invalid. The author of this article contends that what is necessary to achieve the aims of the reform is neither a radical change of the didactic concept nor a major alteration of the organisational model. He calls for a development of curricula in accordance with a stricter observance of the didactic principles of continuity, representativeness, pre-academic training, integration, and participation.


In representing to the reader what has been done in the way of teaching instrumental music to whole groups of children at the same time, the author shows that there is no new good thing connected with the teaching of music of which he is not aware. Any teacher who earnestly uses this book as a reference for her own personal guidance will find that the teaching of music is not so difficult as she once thought, and she will probably be delighted to find the music hour the most pleasant one in the day.


The article is devoted to the problem of studying a personality's mobile professional identity important for the search and choice of a university student's speciality. The author gives a comparative analysis of the key concepts, underlines and grades the peculiarities of demonstration and expression of mobile professional identity.


1985-1986: Initial Steps Toward Modernization Gorbachev's Reforms: Ritual or Reality? June, 1985 1987--The Beginnings of Real Change and Real Unrest Ethnic Tensions Smolder in Russia January, 1987 1988--Political Progress, Economic Decline, and Increasing Tension 1989--The Masses Speak Out 1990--The Battle Over the Empire 1991--The End of the Empire Gorbachev: The World's Most Important Hostage August, 1991 The Most Bourgeois Revolution in History August, 1991 Emperor Francis-Joseph: Ten Heads of State are not Viable, September, 1991 Conclusion


Classical Planning is a branch of artificial intelligence that studies single agent, static, deterministic, fully observable, discrete search problems. A common challenge in this field is the explosion of states to be considered when searching for the goal. One technique that has been developed to mitigate this is Strong Stubborn Set based pruning, where on each state expansion, the considered successors are restricted to Strong Stubborn Sets, which exploit the properties of independent operators to cut down the tree or graph search. We adopt the definitions of the theory of Strong Stubborn Sets from the SAS setting to transition systems and validate a central theorem about the correctness of Strong Stubborn Set based pruning for transition systems in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL.


This nine-volume collection brings together the major writings of the pioneering chemist, Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1829). Davy was responsible for many major discoveries in electrochemistry (a term he coined), discovering the elements sodium and potassium and in 1815 he invented the miner's safety lamp, the Davy lamp. Volume 1 of the "Works" contains Davy's "Researcher, Chemical and Philosophical, Chiefly concerning Nitrous Oxide", a work which secured his reputation as a chemist. It contains innovative research carried out at Thomas Beddoes's Medical Pneumatic Institution in Bristol, including the discovery that pure nitrous oxide (laughing gas) could be safely inhaled, a practice that become fashionable in the literary and scientific world. This discovery and others brought both Davy and the Pneumatic Institution into prominence. Other volumes gather Davy's "Bakerian Lectures" (volume 5) and other miscellaneous papers which illustrate his great talent both as a lecturer and as a great chemist. His lectures were so popular that during his time at the Royal Institution and the Royal Society he could boast an audience of around 1000. The works collected here reflect Davy's science which was fuelled by questions about life, matter, God, thought and immortality. As one of the leading promoters of the scientific method this set should be a valuable asset to scholars of chemistry and historians of science.


rocyte ischaemia, intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation. Indeed a relationship between VWF and the pro-coagulant state (factor VIII/protein C ratio, P = 0.507; P < 0.001) is also present. This vicious circle may perpetuate the chronic systemic inflammation, independently from portal hypertension (Figure 1). Furthermore, as in previous reports, the authors find that VWF levels are associated with important clinical events in cirrhosis (variceal bleeding, paracentesis and bacterial infections) but, interestingly, this relationship is independent from patients' HVPG. Finally, Mandorfer and coworkers develop a score including VWF > 367% and Reactive C Protein (CRP) > 6.5 mg/dL which identifies three groups of patients with different mortality. Patients in the intermediate or high risk groups show +80% and +259% increase in the mortality risk, respectively. This result suggests that endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, as assessed by high levels of VWF and CRP, have a strong detrimental prognostic influence per se. This prognostic score obviously needs to be validated prospectively in an independent series of patients. If confirmed it could become a welcome noninvasive marker for prognosis in patients with cirrhosis.


Submitted for the CAL09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Numerical Calculation of Anelastic Seismic Pulse Propagation in a Hysteretic Elastic Material Along a Horizontal Surface Boundary of the Earth DAN KOSIK, Butler University — The stress-strain relation for materials such as soil and sand exhibit hysteretic elastic behavior and are modeled using the Preisach-Mayergoyz method for a numerical calculation of a propagating seismic pulse. The source pulse is taken to be the result of pressure applied to the inner surface of a cylindrical cavity in order to simulate a two dimensional dynamite source. The anelastic differential equation of motion that is solved does not include traditional nonlinear elasticity terms appropriate to materials with atomic elasticity, but contains the dominant anelastic terms appropriate to consolidated materials that exhibit hysteretic elastic behavior. For parameters characteristic of sand at the Earth's surface, a comparison of anelastic to linear seismic pulse propagation gives an anelastic pulse with much slower propagation speed than a corresponding linear pulse with evidence of dispersion in the pulse. The simulated ground roll that results shows dramatic differences between the anelastic and linear cases. These results have important implications for the detailed behavior of strong seismic waves moving in soft sediments. Their dominant frequencies, amplitudes, and methods by which they may be attenuated will depend on getting the detailed pulse structure and its propagation correct. Dan Kosik Butler University Date submitted: 08 Sep 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


We developed a mobile learning application grounded on Transactional Distance Theory. The aim is to engage learners and decrease their feelings of isolation and emptiness when learners and instructor are physically separated. This study was launched in an effort to understand our target learners and provide an indication towards the practicality, possibility, and appropriateness of such theory-based design. The application provides text, video, and recorded audio as media, and includes chat function, game-based learning, and electronic assignment. This paper explores the method and findings of a survey study targeted at first year Computer Engineering and Computer Science student learners at the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Our survey results indicated that the learners had a positive attitude towards mobile learning, and they had a lot of experience using the provided media and functions. The theoretical-design was deemed to be practically appropriate for our learners. However, more encouragement and promotions would be needed in order to increase the application's usage and recognition. We performed statistical analysis on the results and clustered the responses to form a persona which will be used in the next stage of this application's development process.


The Oxygen-Evolving Complex (OEC) of Photosystem II (PSII) utilizes a Mn4Ca cluster to catalyze the conversion of water to dioxygen within plant chloroplasts. The active site of the water oxidase is found on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. For many years, the nature of this convoluted system, including the unresolved structural arrangement of the OEC manganese-oxo aggregate, stimulated on-going research projects in a diverse set of scientific fields. A tetranuclear oxo-bridged manganese complex associated with calcium [Ca] and chloride [Cl], along with a redox active tyrosine (Tyr), is thought to be the center of this remarkable and unique biological machinery. An illustrious catalytic cycle, known as the Kok cycle, progresses through a series of five intermediate states (Si, i = 0-4) to conduct water oxidation and dioxygen evolution. A tentative structural proposal based on the single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallographic measurements introduced a CaMn3 cubane cluster and an appended fourth manganese atom. It was proposed that water binds between the "dangling" Mn atom and the Ca atom, and that is where the O-O bond formation is proposed to occur, followed by O2 release without structural rearrangement of the cubane core. The plausible manganyl (Mn=O) species was also suggested as an intermediate in the S4 state for the O-O bond formation and release O2. We have examined plausible reactive manganyl species as are proposed to exist at the OEC S4 state. The existence of manganyl in synthetic model systems will be presented in Chapter 2. In this study, we utilized stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to investigate the formation and the nature of the intermediate in the reaction between mononuclear Schiff base manganese complexes and a reagent that is often used for O atom transfer reactions. Chapter 3 involves establishment of a logical synthetic method to prepare the related complexes, Mn2O2(bpy/dmb)2(Ar COO)2 [R = 2,6-diphenyl, 2,6-ditolyl]. The dimanganese-oxo center is considered as a basic unit on the path toward the construction of higher nuclearity of Mn aggregates, preferably Mn4 clusters to be used for OEC catalytic cycle mimicry. Controlled ligand exchange synthesis of this type of carboxylate-rich/bridged {Mn2O2} dimers will provide an alternate pathway toward obtaining the Mn aggregates that are not attainable by direct 'self-assembly' synthetic methods. In Chapter 4, we will describe a novel mixed-ligand tetranuclear Mn cluster of the adamantane core type, [Mn4(μ-O6)(bpy)4(py)4](ClO4)4. This cluster was synthesized by using a simple reaction and its spectroscopic characterization will be discussed. We will also demonstrate chromatographic behavior of the Mn clusters that we encountered in this work (see Appendix A).


This thesis describes the development and evaluation of three algorithms for the placement of parallelized applications on future many-core processors. The algorithms are able to compensate for permanent hardware faults and thereby cause a graceful degradation rather than a program crash. The fault model considers permanently failed cores, routers and processor interconnect links. The main goal of the placement algorithms is a working placement of applications, which consist of individual tasks communicating with each other, onto a many-core processor. The placement has to retain a high communication performance for each application. Since the algorithms are executed at the beginning of each program it is required that the runtime of the placement decision does not to grow excessively. Many-core processors and applications are modelled as graphs which depict the communication structures, as well as the intensities of the communications. Both synthetic task graphs and task graphs derived from real world applications are considered. This thesis develops the Connectivity-Sensitive Algorithm that generates static placements, which try to keep the distance between the tasks small. As a further refinement the Fitting Algorithm and the Favorite Neighbor Algorithm are presented. These two extensions to the basic algorithm are supposed to be beneficial in the placement of multiple task graphs and in the placement of task graphs with a strong imbalance of communication intensities. Also methods to extend the static placements by dynamic processes are presented, which require changes to the hardware and the general placement strategy. In a detailed evaluation chapter all aspects of the task placement on potentially faulty many-core processors are considered. Placement in both the error-free case, as well as placement assuming faulty hardware components is investigated. The effect of any error supported by the error model is first analyzed individually, before combinations of errors are considered. The results are compared and contrasted with those of a well known algorithm from the literature and two simple placement metrics. Different network topologies and the bandwidth constraints of the on-chip network are also discussed. It turns out that the described Connectivity-Sensitive Algorithm is in most cases able to generate the placements with the lowest communication overhead, and is also able to find valid placements in the presence of high error rates. The two extended algorithms are not able to generate better results.


During the period from 2013 to 2015 a tree health survey was conducted in Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) forests throughout Kermanshah province in Western Iran. Oak trees showing dieback of branches and stems were sampled, and fungal colonies resembling those of Neoscytalidium sp. were obtained from diseased tissues. Based on morphology and phylogeny of DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF 1α) gene regions, all isolates were identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae. Pathogenicity tests were carried out on 2-year-old, potted Q. brantii plants and on detached branches under partially controlled conditions. Pathogenicity tests showed that all the isolates were able to infect, and cause disease symptoms on, inoculated branches and plants. This is the first report of N. novaehollandiae as the causal agent of Q. brantii dieback.


In this article historical and contemporary influence of physical education (PE) and sport instances are shown in economic indices. The notion "health", as well as the influence of physical education and sport at its level, is given. Health-detrimental behavior (malnutrition, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse and smoking) can be the cause of chronic diseases and have a significant influence on health of citizens. Experimental data, which approve that bad working conditions and health-detrimental behavior can discourage productivity and extend the periods of temporary incapacity for work, are marked. In addition, there is an access to the majority of the adult population, which provides a perfect opportunity for healthy lifestyle campaign. Consequently, the campaigns aimed at health improvement of the employable population at their working places, have potentials for a wide population segment engagement, which cannot be accessible for other medical campaigns. Experimental data on increase in labour productivity and economic effectiveness improvement by means of physical education are given; the latter was applied to people at their work during the soviet period, when the large-scale research was made. The necessity of physical education integration in the productive process is proved, which will finally have a positive impact on the whole economy.


In a dynamic world of constant changes, social and technological developments have made crisis communication and crisis management more valuable than ever to organisations. Previous research has su ...


Aim: The detection and prognosis of nephropathy in transthyretin amyloidosis depends on albuminuria and renal function. Knowing that urinary levels of alpha-1 microglobulin and beta-2 microglobulin reflect tubular dysfunction while urinary alpha-2 macroglobulin implies glomerular damage, we decide investigate the diagnostic value of these markers in the patients with transthyretin amyloidosis. Methods: Serum and urinary samples collected from 30 patients and 11 asymptomatic carriers were tested for alpha-1 microglobulin, beta-2 microglobulin, alpha-2 macroglobulin, albumin, creatinine and cystatin C. Results: Pathological urinary alpha-1 microglobulin was detected in 17 patients, beta-2 microglobulin in 6 and alpha-2 macroglobulin in 5; 5 patients had albuminuria (mg/g creatinine) 30-300 and in 20 patients values >300 were present. Asymptomatic carriers did not present pathological excretion of these biomarkers and albuminuria was >30 in 1 individual. The excretion rates of alpha-1 microglobulin and beta-2 microglobulin were positively correlated with albuminuria (P<0.001), serum creatinine (P<0.05) and cystatin C (P<0.001). Urinary alpha-2 macroglobulin was almost exclusively found in the presence of albuminuria, although their levels do not correlate. Conclusion: Urinary biomarkers emerge as a potential approach to detect renal disease but unexpectedly, urinary alpha-2 macroglobulin was not a marker of the severity of albuminuria


Introduction In recent years, the vibro-acoustic behaviour of a product has become a design criterion of growing importance. This behaviour is mainly determined by the steady-state dynamic deformations in the mechanical structure of the product. Commonly, the finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the dynamic behaviour of structures. This method expands the dynamic field variables, within each element, in terms of local, non-exact shape functions. As a result, the size of the model becomes prohibitively large for increasing frequencies, thereby leading to a practical frequency limit. The newly developed wave based method (WBM), based on the indirect Trefftz method [1], expands the field variables in terms of global wave function expansions, which exactly satisfy the governing dynamic equations. The WBM exhibits a higher computational efficiency, such that it will be applicable also for higher frequencies. Although the elastodynamic calculations are the computationally most demanding part in a vibro-acoustic problem, until now the research focused mostly on acoustic systems.


The conditions for burning an electric arc in a discharge plasma with a solution cathode have been studied. Both discharges were connected to the same metal anode. The electric arc burned in the current range of 5–10 A. The discharge current with a solution cathode varied within 8-15 A. In the experiments, aqueous solutions of common salt were used. The specific electrical conductivity of the solutions was 10–15 mS/cm. Spectral investigations of arc plasma radiation and discharge with a solution cathode have been carried out. Calculations of the parameters of the electron gas in the plasma column have been performed.


Quality and the quality management systems are in the eye of the shipping industry and the scientific interest, due to their proven contribution to the competitive advantage they offer to shipping companies. Quality management systems and certifications have been created based on the high demands of customers / stakeholders in the shipping industry and lead in very satisfactory results. In this dissertation, we will talk extensively about quality policies implemented by the shipping companies, starting from the definition of quality, the way that it is approached nowadays and the benefits that offers. We will refer to the ISM Code, which is implemented mandatory, and to the shipping management systems starting with traditional standards and ending to important certifications, that the shipping companies seek to adopt. On a more practical approach, we will refer to ship inspections and the results of the implementation of the respective quality policies (PARIS Memorandum of Understanding, US Coast Guard). We will also refer to the Tanker Management Self-Assessment system and its benefits, and finally we will talk about the Shipping Performance Indicators and their role to the improvement of the quality.


To the editor,

While these letters were in the publication stage, Dr Darcy Price passed away on September 29, 2018. Many of us around the world knew Dr Price as a dedicated physician, inspiring teacher, innovator, friend, and colleague. His passion for our specialty shows in his letter which may


ROBERTSON Davies is known as a writer of comic, satiric novels which subject characters, institutions, and events to a delightedly, or sometimes indignantly, ironic gaze. His fiction, however, also reveals a strongly romantic strain, as Hugo McPherson recognizes in classifying the novels as satirical romance. Davies describes himself as "immensely conscious of powers of which I can have only the dimmest apprehension, which operate by means that I cannot fathom." His novels increasingly create a sense of an awesome world of marvels, of powerful forces for good and evil, of heroism, passion, and imagination; a world which lies beyond the prosaic world of everyday realities. Or rather, and this is important for Davies, he suggests a world of marvels which lies not beyond but within the everyday world. He is concerned with what is referred to in the last novel of the Deptford trilogy, World of Wonders, as "the revelation of the glory in the commonplace." The romantic impulse in his work is concerned with revealing this glory in the commonplace, the satiric impulse with undercutting both a romanticism which ignores the commonplace, and a Philistinism which ignores the glory.


The Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor, one of the most important north‐south routes in Europe and the easternmost crossing of the Alps, connects the Baltic with the Adriatic. 455 km of the Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor runs through Austria. Currently it only meets the requirements of an efficient international long distance transport connection in a few stretches. This is due above all to topography: in Austria, the corridor crosses the Alps. In addition, large sections of the line date from the era of the Austro‐Hungarian Empire and only a few sections have been updated since then. Three bottlenecks on Austrian territory in particular massively limit the efficiency of the corridor: the Vienna hub, the crossing of the Semmering and the Neumarkter Sattel, a mountain pass where the railway line bypasses the Graz region in a big loop. To eliminate these bottlenecks in the corridor, Austria is currently pushing ahead with three key projects as well as a number of other construction plans: the Vienna Central Railway Station as a through station, the Semmering Base Tunnel and the Koralmbahn line. But further projects on the Baltic‐Adriatic Corridor are also of great importance for Austria: the Terminal Inzersdorf, the upgrading of the Pottendorfer line, the repair of the line from Mürzzuschlag to Bruck/Mur and the improvement from Bruck/Mur to Graz.


The monograph of this genus, published by Handlirsch,* necessitated the working-up of the unidentified species in the collectin of the American Entomological Society. This author has merged several genera into Gorytes, viz., Euspongus, Hoplisus, etc. I have followed him, as several of the species described herein belong to what was once the genus Hoplisus. There are serveal other new species contained in the Society's collection, represented by single specimens only.


Action-angle representation of linear fluctuation in plasma is formally performed by taking the Lagrange-Hamilton theory as the basis and invoking the recent spectral technique [Hirota and Fukumoto, J. Math. Phys. 49 083101 (2008)], which is shown to be applicable equally to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system and the Vlasov-Maxwell system. This formalism leads to a natural definition of the wave energy (as well as the wave action) for each eigenmode and continuum mode. Negative energy mode is generally responsible for onsets of various instabilities in flowing plasmas. It is shown that the canonical form of the linearized system, formulated by Hamilton's principle of least action, facilitates the consideration of the action-angle representation, and the spectral technique becomes more sophisticated than the previous work that based on the noncanonical form.


We recently published in your journal a 3-year multicentre prospective cohort study demonstrating the usefulness of an epigenetic cancer risk marker for gastric metachronous cancers.1 This study achieved the first proof of concept of epigenetic cancer risk diagnosis in any type of cancer but, due to the short follow-up period, a relatively small number of events were observed, resulting in a marginally significant difference (p=0.042). It was anticipated that a longer follow-up could lead to a clearer difference and HR with a smaller 95% CI. We now report the 5-year follow-up data, which show highly significant results.

Among the 826 enrolled patients, 795 patients received annual follow-ups by endoscopy for a median period of 5.46 years (IQR: 3.95–6.09). By the end, 133 patients had developed a metachronous gastric cancer. Among them, 116 patients developed a metachronous gastric cancer detected 1 year after the enrolment (authentic metachronous cancer).

Statistical analyses were conducted in the same manner as previously …


All adolescents should be moderately physically active daily, and should vigorously exercise at least three times a week, according to physical-activity guidelines developed from the International Consensus Conference on Physical Activity Guidelines for Adolescents. Published in the November 1994 issue of Pediatric Exercise Science , the guidelines represent research efforts of 13 health organizations, including the Academy, who met in San Diego in 1993 to develop age-specific, adolescent physical-activity guidelines. Designed to promote physical and psychological teen health, goals include increasing probable continued adult physical fitness.


Recently, mountain regions have become targets for conservation, so the impact of mobile pastoralism on mountain environments needs to be studied comprehensively. This study assessed the distribution of the livestock load in rangeland by examining the vegetation, the migration schedule and routes of the herds, and the extent of their daily grazing. A field survey was conducted in a Tibetan village in Yunnan, China, for 15 months between 2000 and 2004. The livestock herds migrated seasonally according to the vegetation patterns and air temperature with altitude; this dispersed the livestock over a wide expanse of rangeland. Additionally, new economic opportunities and population-control policies may have decreased the number of mobile livestock herds, and the characteristics of the mountain rangeland may have limited the scale of individual herds. Consequently, little rangeland was damaged excessively. Nevertheless, the rangeland was not grazed evenly; for example, rangeland located near arterial roads attracted many livestock herds. A detailed analysis of the county livestock records suggested a biased distribution of the livestock load across altitude for the entire rangeland in Xianggelila County; alpine rangeland was grazed sparsely, while low-lying rangeland was grazed extensively. Biased grazing patterns were noted in parts of the mountain rangeland, such as low-lying and easily accessible areas. These grazing patterns might have caused localized rangeland degradation. Consequently, the biased grazing pattern needs to be resolved. Mobile pastoralism in mountain regions was analyzed on the concept of "verticality" the typical production the When it is determine the horizontal livestock assess the distribution of the


For −1 ≤ B < A ≤ 1, conditions on A, B, a, c are determined that ensure the confluent hypergeometric function Φ(a; c; z) satisfies the subordination Φ(a; c; z) ≺ (1 + Az)/(1 + Bz). This gives rise to conditions for (c/a)(Φ(a; c; z) − 1) to be close-to-convex, Φ(a; c; z) to be Janowski convex, and zΦ(a; c; z) to be Janowski starlike.


Cd(II) gave a one-stepped reversible wave at -0.776V vs. SCE in a mixed solution of sodium gluconate(0.1 mol/l), ammonia(0.6 mil/l) and potassium chloride(0.2 mol/l), while In(III) gave a one-stepped irreversible wave at -0.21 V vs. SCE in the same solutlon.The half-wave potential of Cd(II) in 0.lmol/1 sodium gluconate solution shifted toward negatve value by the elevations of ammonia concentration from O.1 to 1 Mol/1. The same tendency was also observed when sodium gluconate concentration was increased from O.02:to O.2mo1 in the O.6mol/l ammonia solution.Lingane's equation about the diffusion current of complex was applied to Cd(II)-gluconate-ammonia and the mixed ligand complex of Cd(II) was found to be (Cd(GHt(NH3)3)). But molar ratio of ln(III) complex was not clarified.Calibration curve for simultaeous determination of Cd(II)and In(III)was obtained in the concentration range from 0.1 to 0.5 mol/l by D.C. polarography.On the other hand, calibration cve for Cd(II) was obtained between 0 1 and 2 ppm by square wave polarography and 0.01 and 0.1 ppm by aodic stripping polorography with the aid of square wave polarographic technie. One hundred fold amout of In(III) did not interfer the determination of O.3 mmol/l Cd(III) by D.C. polarography. Furthermore, one thousand fold amount of In(III)did not interfer with the determination of 2 PPm Cd(II)by square wave polarography and OPPm Cd(II)by anodic stripping polarography with the aid of square wave pelarographic technique.


This paper aims to investigate the impact of occasional traffic crashes on the urban traffic network flow. Toward this purpose, an extended model of coupled Nagel–Schreckenberg (NaSch) and Biham–Middleton–Levine (BML) models is presented. This extended model not only improves the initial conditions of the coupled models, but also gives the definition of traffic crashes and their spatial/time distribution. Further, we simulated the impact of the number of traffic crashes, their time distribution, and their spatial distribution on urban network traffic flow. This research contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the operational state of urban network traffic flow after traffic crashes, towards mastering the causes and propagation rules of traffic congestion. This work also a theoretical guidance value for the optimization of urban traffic network flow and the prevention and release of traffic crashes.