A radioimmunoassay of plasma ACTH, useful for various mammalian species was devel-oped. The RIA for ACTH involves use of commercially available antiserum and 125I labelled hormone, and permits measurement of immunoreactive ACTH in unextracted plasma of various mammals. Physiologi-cal validation of the method was obtained from the following studies. Intact male rats had elevations of immunoreactive plasma concentrations of ACTH after the onset of immobilization stress. A dose related increase in plasma concentrations of ACTH was obtained in adult male rats by the injection of ACTH releasing hormone (CRH).The specific steps in the procedure of assay were following. All steps were performed under cool condi-tion (4C). Basal buffer was 0.063 M Na2HPO4 containing 0.013M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 2Na salt (EDTA) and 0.02% NaN3 adjusted to pH 7.4. RIA buffer (basal buffer containing 0.1% Triton X-100 and 250 KIU/ml aprotinin) was made into BSA•RIA buffer (for dilution of standards or samples: containing 1% protease free bovine serum albumin), NRS•RIA buffer (for dilution of antiserum to ACTH: contain-ing 0.4% normal rabbit serum) and PEG•RIA buffer (for dilution of antiserum to rabbit gamma globulin: containing 4% polyethylene glycol). BSA•EDTA buffer (separation buffer) was also prepared by adding 1% BSA to basal buffer.Plasma or serum (1-40 μl) were diluted to 100μl with BSA•RIA buffer. Standards or samples (100μl) were put in the polystylene tubes and 100 μl of antiserum were added to each tubes. After incubation at 4C for 24 h, 100μl of labelled ligand were added and incubated for another 24 h. Then, antiserum to rabbit gamma globulin was added to each tube. After further incubation for 24 h, 1 ml of separation buffer was added to each tube and antibody bound hormone was separated from the free hormone by centrifugation at 4C, 1700 g for 30 min. The supernatant was carefully decanted and the precipitate was counted in auto-matic gamma counter. Plasma or serum concentrations of ACTH were calculated using a standard curve.


Renewable Energy has grown to become part of mainstream economics, industry and energy. The process started in the wake of oil shortages amid the 1970s energy crisis, when the major industrial countries of the world sought out an array of energy security strategies. Diversifying energy import–export trade, restructuring GDP, and increasing and backing home-sourced offers are all basic essential measures that different countries have adopted to different degrees in an effort to reduce dependency on imported oil. The last of these measures counts renewable energy as a vector of local generation. The past decade has seen the renewable energy sector really take off, driven by now well-structured industries starting to mobilize now-mature technologies. This developmental shift towards renewable energy has been framed by different policy measures that nevertheless share the same core rationale climate change. Among the pro-renewables policies adopted by France, the deployment of competitive clusters has proved an effective tool for leveraging the growth of renewables. Business clusters are geographically-concentrated economic structures assuring the often tenuous link between efficient national industrial policy efforts and regional planning and branding issues. From this perspective, the logic of synergy by connecting global to local issues remains to be created around a new paradigm: regional attractiveness/place branding. In today's fast-globalizing world, the much-hyped concept of place branding has become critical for regions in fierce global competition to capture and secure geographically-mobile investment. In this context, promoting and attracting inward investment is a multidimensional challenge where business clusters have a pivotal role to play. Corsica, a small island economy, represents a case-in-point target of analysis through its long-standing PADDUC project (French decentralization policy on Corsica under the law dated 22 January 2002) and the CAPENERGIES business cluster a key link in the technological research strand, entrusted with the overriding role of leading the island's transition toward decentralized energy independency. After highlighting the innovative technological approach of promoting socio-economic fabric as one of the key foundations to structured economic development and regional branding, this paper goes on to outline the joint-effect impacts of development of the CAPENERGIES competitive cluster in tandem with the process to find technology-centred solutions to drive development of the "renewable energy" industry in an island economy like Corsica.


Phase transformations during annealing of coatings sprayed with the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel technique using Ti2AlC powder have been investigated by in-situ x-ray diffraction. The asdeposited coating ...


In the past three decades of opening and reform,the development of China's system to prevent conflicts of interest for government officials has made progress in three stages: exploratory stage,development stage and accelerating stage.Further progress should be made in four aspects: legislation;to systematize the practice;to improve the implementation of the system;and to improve the handling ability of the conflicts.


An off-diagonal element echo power estimator for polarization weather radar is disclosed. Embodiments of the invention are directed to improving the sensitivity in polarimetric radar data. In particular, embodiments of the invention improve the sensitivity of such systems with improved post processing techniques. The sensitivity can be improved by using the co-polar elements (off diagonal elements) of the covariance matrix in power and/or reflectivity determinations. This can not only improve the sensitivity but may also enhance identification and improve quantitative estimates of precipitation.


This paper presents an efficient and low-power-consumption parallel face-detection technology based on Haar-like features and implemented with a massive-parallel memory-embedded SIMD matrix. The massive-parallel memory-embedded SIMD matrix architecture has up to 2,048 2-bit processing elements, which are connected by a flexible switching network, and supports 2-bit 2,048-way bit-serial and word-parallel operations with a single command. For experimented verification of this matrix processing architecture, this parallel Haar-like-feature based face-detection technique has been implemented on an evaluation board and tested in practice. Evaluation results show that a total processing time of about 313 ms at 162 MHz clock frequency and 150 mW power dissipation can be realized. Thus, the reported parallel-face detection method with the massive-parallel memory-embedded SIMD matrix is a practical technology and is a promising solution for real-time mobile multimedia applications.


Taking the water supply system of Jiujiang Power Plant as an example, the author carries out computerization emulation for starting water hammer accident of large water supply system by means of mathemactic model to find out the causes of accident and puts forward safeguarding measures. The author also conducts study and analysis on problems relevant to design and operation of large water suply system.


The unaesthetic discoloration of cementitious materials by efflorescence is a major issue in the dry mortar industry. The paper describes the phenomena in general with special focus on decorative mortars like renders. The mechanisms and influencing factors of efflorescence are well described in the literature. Most critical climatic conditions are low temperatures and high humidity. There are many different test procedures to simulate this. A special "double-chamber climate box" test was developed. Finally, the authors demonstrate efflorescence test results from renders modified with a newly developed antiefflorescence product.


In the 1065 t /h boiler of a power plant,an experiment of blending combustion of the east Junggar coal mixed with the local coal was carried out. The comprehensive performance of the boiler under different mixed ratio,different coal quality and different mills was analyzed. Depending on the site experiment and the analysis and comparison of the cola quality,the safety and economic efficiency of the boiler under different blending ratio of east Junggar coal were grasped,which provides guide for the boiler to operate in rational mode under east Junggar coal blending combustion.


Abstract : The prospects of China democratizing have garnered much interest and assessment. The increased interest is attributed to an increasing Chinese impact not only on the region, but globally as well. While China has experienced three decades of fast economic growth, political reforms continue to lag behind economic reforms. With its legitimacy weakening progressively, a transition in political systems in the largest country in the world would have wide ranging implications in the political, economic and social spheres. Many have argued that economic growth is the main precursor to democratization. However, it is suggested, neither growth nor the resulting social phenomena are sufficient to bring about a democratic change in China. Drawing inferences from Taiwan and South Korea, this study seeks to examine the democratic transitions of both countries to shed light on China's prospects for democratization. It further concludes that China's prospects for democratization is bleak due to the resiliency of the regime, and any democratic transition would have to be elite-driven.


Using polymorphism is very useful in object-oriented programming.A programming method for accessing a heterogenereous linked list is introduced in which polymorphism is used.The method can be stated as follows:firstly,establish a common basic class for all objects linked in the same heterogenereous linked list and define virtual functions concerned;then construct a function reference inferface which indudes a uniform object point type converting form.Compared with traditional method,this method is easier,more easily augmented and maintained.


High-profile cases of network intrusions in private organizations are becoming a regular occurrence, illustrating the vulnerabilities in current information technology. Cybersecurity is an emerging specialization within information technology careers. Demand for cybersecurity professionals greatly outstrips supply, and the disparity is expected to grow. In this paper, we describe existing efforts to professionalize cybersecurity careers and contribute the results of two exploratory surveys of cybersecurity subject-matter experts (SMEs) working in large corporations in California's Silicon Valley. We asked SMEs about their training and experience, process for threat detection and response, team organization, and major challenges. Our results are the first in a series of studies aimed at bridging the gap between evolving knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) and the development of training needed to support the cybersecurity workforce.


This research aims to analyze the communicative acts used by video-game players to socialize with other ones in MMORPG. The method to analyze these communicative acts is based on the results obtained from a questionnaire in which MMORPG players participated by responding to a series of closed questions. This questionnaire focused on analyzing some of the participants' socializing communication habits following the classification of Guntermann and Phillips (1982, p. 26), and it aims to determine how a series of variables interfere in the socializing process with other players. These variables determining how they interfere in the socializing process among MMORPG players are age, extroversion, experience, dedication, and languages spoken. Thus, our results show the correlation between the uses of different communicative acts to socialize with other virtual players according to the previous variables.


Pythagoras' life, teaching and contribution in science and philosophy has been transfigured by legend, which hardly can be separated. Tracing his fingerprints of mathematical nature is attempted here, based on evidence from great technical works and temples accomplished during his time in Samos and Magna Graecia. The application of the Pythagorean triples in the design of the Athena temple at Paestum built in c. 520 BC has already been established and was considered to attest the Pythagorean consciousness of the architect. Similar conclu-sions are also drawn in this article from the layout of the Polycratean temple of Heraion in Samos, where the earliest application of Pythagorean mathematics and proportions is disclosed in this article. It is also demonstrated that the achieved accuracy in pre-positioning of the Eupalinos' tunnel mouths and the well-designed maneuver at the crossing indicate the involvement of a mathematical mind supporting the engineering skills of Eupalinos. By comparison with the Hellenistic temple of Apollo at Didyma, where the systematic application of the Pythagorean triples is again revealed in temple modeling and layout, it is concluded that the geometrical method of design of the ancient temples and the concept of harmonic proportions was fully developed in Pythagoras' time and his philosophy of proportions in architecture, amalgamated later with Plato's ideas, prevailed since then until the present.


Feeding by orogastric tube, using either continuous or intermittent bolus delivery, is common for infants for whom normal feeding is contraindicated. To determine the impact of different feeding modalities on muscle protein anabolism, neonatal pigs (5–7 day old) received a balanced enteral formula either by intermittent bolus (B, n=7) every four hours or were continuously fed (C, n=5). Fractional protein synthesis rates and translational control mechanisms in skeletal muscle were examined at 0, 24 and 25.5 hours. Plasma amino acid and insulin levels were modestly increased in the continuously fed group and in the bolus group mimicked the pulsatile pattern of meal feeding. Feeding increased protein synthesis by 53% in the continuous group, by 63% in the bolus group before a meal, and by 126 % after a bolus feed. The activation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein (4EBP1), rp S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), protein kinase B (PKB), dissociation of 4EBP1‐eIF4E complex, and formation of the active eIF4E‐eIF4G complex were unaffected by continuous feeding but were increased more than 10 fold after a bolus meal. These results suggest that intermittent bolus feeding increases muscle protein synthesis to a greater extent than continuous feeding by stimulating translation initiation. (Supported by NIH grants AR‐44474 and AR‐51563 and USDA/ARS 6250510000‐33).


In order to analyze the influence of high-low pressure mixed drainage on drainage negative pressure and to better guide the mine production process of gas extraction,drainage negative pressure was taken as reference index.Adopting comparative analysis method,a determination study of Zijiang coal mine was carried out.The test results showed that negative pressure of borehole under high-low pressure separated drainage status can reach to 11.14 kPa on average,it was increased 9.28 times than that was in high-low pressure mixed drainage status;the negative pressure of ground pump can reach to 70.25 kPa on average,it was increased 3.42 times than that was in high-low pressure mixed drainage status.


Objective To summarize our experience in treatment of emergency patients with adrenocortical crisis in order to improve its diagnosis and treatment.Methods Data about the treatment of 12 emergency patients with adrenocortical crisis were analyzed.Results All the patients presented with hyperpyrexia and peripheral circulatory failure when they visited our emergency department.Laboratory tests showed hyponatremia,hypoglycemia,hyperkalemia and low serum corticosteroid levels in the patients.The patients were completely recovered and discharged from hospital after they were treated by supplementing corticosteroid with their electrolyte disturbances corrected and predisposing causes removed.Conclusion Prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients with adrenocortical crisis can increase their survival rate.


narratives, letters, and folk prose. Editing of these works, averaging six pages each, was guided by historical events affecting the Afro-American from slavery, to "freedom," through 1968, and each entry is therefore preceded by a brief history and a two-to-three-sentence summary. Even though the theme of the book-the struggles from slavery to freedom as portrayed by historical generalities-is implied through the title, the introduction, and the titles of the three sections, the immediate impact of the collective work is the lack of theme and an unfulfilled expectation. All of the authors presented have outstanding literary reputations (Arna Bontemps, Langston Hughes, Ralph Ellison, and Richard Wright), or are symbols of political movements (Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King, Jr.). However, in spite of their contributions and the diverse range of subjects, (slavery, the Civil War, migration from the South, black soldiers in World War II, black power, assassination of black leaders, division in the black community), few pieces do more than brush the surface, and they serve only as introductions to the intricacies one more readily associates with such problems. Concurrent with such superficiality and lack of theme is the loss of emotional and intellectual impact. The use of personalities and their words as a scenario of history builds the expectation that such a subjective statement, would create an emotional reaction in the reader which would be heightened by the editor's arrangement of the works. Instead, this effect is not achieved and interest wanes. For these reasons, this book would be best suited for elementary and high school students or light Sunday reading for the layman.


The restriction of the approach to the issue of sexuality in schools and in the textbook may be problematic, since by not debating on contents related to human sexuality, important doubts about health in relation to the sexual sphere may not be clarified. By not debating about the social issues of human sexuality, prejudices and discriminations against homosexuals can be generated. The objective of this study was to investigate how the two collections of biology textbooks most distributed in Brazil in 2015, by the PNLD, address the theme, in addition to checking the collections of the same authors in 2018. Content analysis was used to analyze the four collections. It was verified that the language present in the textbooks still presents a heteronormative pattern, not addressing the diversity of human sexuality, focusing mainly on sexuality as a synonym and form of reproduction. Thus, the discussion of sexuality issues within the classroom should cover more topics within the content, in order to deepen the discussion and then be able to meet the criteria for building a democratic society. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the demystification of the taboos that involve human sexuality; as well as help in the elaboration of textbooks with a more social view of the sexuality theme, with the intention of deconstructing gender prejudices and sexual orientation.


Although Italy entered the Second World War on the German side, most Italian fiction inspired by that war reflects the experience of the German Occupation and the Resistance which followed the fall of Fascism and the Armistice of September 1943 and thus tends to depict Germans, together with Italian fascists, as oppressors and enemies. Consequently it has been seen as contributing to a very negative and hostile stereotype of the German in later Italian


Aldosterone stimulates the phosphorylation and activation of Protein Kinase D1 in M1 cells through the transactivation of EGFR (1). PKD1 mediates rapid aldosterone‐induced subcellular trafficking of ENaC (2). ENaCα is under transcriptional control of the mineralocorticoid receptor while ENaCβ and ENaCγ are constitutively expressed in the distal nephron. Using siRNA‐mediated stable knockdown of PKD1, transepithelial current measurements (ITE) and confocal microscopy, we examined the role of PKD1 in the regulation of ENaC trafficking and activity in M1 cells. Aldosterone (10nM) increased amiloride‐sensitive ITE from 1 ± 0.21 μA/cm2 to 7 ± 0.86 μA/cm2 (n= 8, p < 0.005) in wild type M1 cells within 24h. This effect was reduced by 71.5% in the PKD1 suppressed cells. ENaCα expression was increased in wild type cells treated with aldosterone for 24h and this response was absent in PKD1 knockdown cells. Aldosterone stimulated the apical membrane insertion of ENaCβ in wild type cells, whereas no trafficking effect was observed in the PKD1 suppressed cells. PKD1 plays a central role in the aldosterone‐mediated regulation of ENaC through both transcriptional control and subcellular trafficking. Funded by Wellcome Trust, Higher Education Authority of Ireland and Science Foundation Ireland.


One of the most important contributions to the study of religious resistance and rural rebellions in the Philippines has come from the works of nationalist scholars. They have shown that peasant revolts that have been widely studied cannot be constructively understood without considering their precolonial origins. This essay examines the role of religion in rural revolts in terms of its broader historical connections. It reviews some of the pre-Hispanic continuities in the selection of authentic leaders in the Philippines during the early Spanish period. It concludes that Christianity was localized not simply because it was imposed but because it was propagated by a small group of radicalized, educated friars meeting some of the indigenous criteria for effective leadership. These friars were some of the early ancestors of today's liberation theologians.


In this paper the influence of space environment factors on the properties of silicon single crystals was studied. The investigations were carried out using the space environment simulator at Yerevan Physics Institute. In the present study silicon conductivity (the most important parameter for space application) measurements were carried out directly under the electron radiation (in situ measurements). It was found that the specific conductivity of silicon samples, measured during and after radiation, has different values; the first is much higher. The postradiation aging effect depending on storage time is also studied. The dynamics of radiation defect formation, decay, and silicon crystals recovery processes are examined.


THE PRE-BID STUDY AND CAREFUL PLANNING OF CONSTRUCTION METHODS TOGETHER WITH THE SELECTION OF THE MOST EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT CONFORMING TO THE PLANNING METHOD IS ESSENTIAL IN THE HEAVY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. THE COST-SAVING OPPORTUNITIES OF NEW OR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY UNITS VERSUS OLDER MODELS IS ILLUSTRATED BY A CONSIDERATION OF THE BENEFITS THAT CAN BE OBTAINED BY USING NEWER, HIGHER HORSEPOWER, LARGER CAPACITY UNITS. THE REDUCTION IN ESTIMATED PROJECT COSTS APPEARS NOT ONLY IN UNIT COSTS BUT ALSO IN OVERALL CAPITAL COSTS. COMPUTER STUDIES USING VEHICLE SIMULATION PROGRAMS HAVE GREATLY SIMILIFIED THE SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A WELL-PLANNED COST AND BUDGET SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES CURRENT PRODUCTION AND COST INFORMATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR SUCCESSFUL AND PROFITABLE OPERATION. THE PROBLEMS PRESENTED BY HIGH EQUIPMENT INVENTORIES, THE OBSOLESCENCE OF OLDER MODELS, AND THEIR EFFECT ON BONDING CAPACITY ARE RESTRICTIVE TO OTHERWISE TECHNICALLY HIGHLY QUALIFIED CONTRACTORS. LIBERAL USE OF MOBILIZATION ADVANCES WOULD ENCOURAGE THE UTILIZATION OF NEWER, MORE PRODUCTIVE EQUIPMENT AND WOULD RESULT IN LOWER BIDS FOR PUBLIC WORK PROJECTS THAT WOULD BENEFIT THE CONTRACTOR AND THE TAXPAVER. THE PROJECT ESTIMATE, THE WORK PROGRAM, NEW EQUIPMENT COST RECORDS, BONDING CAPACITY AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST ARE DISCUSSED.


This study will concentrate on treating the POME by employing a combination of evaporation and adsorption techniques under vacuum condition. The raw effluent has a temperature of 80-85C, thus by introducing a vacuum of 350mm Hg, the effluent will evaporate without any addition of heat. Next, the adsorption process was carried out using four different types of adsorbent's in the vapour phase. Lastly the experiment was also carried out in a pilot plant scale. The distillate (before adsorption) when analysed showed a 99% removal of most polluting parameters monitored except for pH, COD and BOD. This was tackled by the adsorption which further reduced the pH, COD and BOD values. The effluent was able to be concentrated to as high as 25% solid content from the initial content of 3-5% solids. This will result in a recovery of 80% of the water content and also the POME volume will reduce by the same percentage. The concentrated effluent analysis showed a high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which can be used as feed material for the making of fertiliser. Lastly the pilot plant scale experiments were done and the analysis showed the same results as the bench scale.


studied the effect of pentaerythritol tetranitrate on 125 patients who had angina pectoris. They found that an average dose of 10 mg. three times daily produced satisfactory prevention of precordial pain in 78.4% of the patients. Glyceryl trinitrate requirement was reduced ; exercise tolerance was increased, and the S-T segment depressions occurring after exercise were less marked. The results were superior to those obtained when the patients were give placebos, aminophylline, khellin, or a double salt of calcium theobromine and calcium salicylate (Theocalcin). Side-effects were infrequent and mild and consisted of headaches, nausea, and rash. Pentaerythri- tol tetranitrate produced no improvement in 96% of 125 patients who had chest pain of noncoronary origin. Plotz 5 studied 35 patients with coronary artery disease, 15 of whom had mild angina ; 15, moderately severe angina, and 5, status anginosus. Eleven of the 15 patients with mild angina were benefited; 13 of the 15 with more severe symptoms and all 5 with status anginosus noted good results. De¬ spite the beneficial results obtained, no pa¬ tient with moderate to severe angina was able completely to dispense with glyceryl tri- nitrate. Russek and co-workers


A method of manufacturing a power semiconductor device (100), said method comprising: Preparing a base substrate having a surface and an opposite surface and formed of a drift layer (120) of the first conductivity type; Forming an etch mask (10) on a surface of the base substrate, wherein the etching mask (10) has a plurality of open pieces for forming a plurality of trenches (130; 130a, 130b) comprises; Forming a primary groove (130a) corresponding to the open part of a surface of the base substrate in a thickness direction; Performing ion injection to the primary trench (130a) and thermal diffusion to expand a diffusion layer (140) of the first conductivity type in the direction of adjacent trenches (130) with a concentration higher than that of the drift layer (120) of the first conductivity type; Forming a secondary trench (130b), the (130a) extending from a lower surface of the primary groove to the thickness direction and by the diffusion layer (140) of the first conductivity type passes; Removing the etching mask (10) with the plurality of open pieces for forming the trenches (130; 130a; 130b); Forming a first insulating film (160) on a surface of the base substrate and an inner wall of the trenches (130); Forming a first electrode (165) in each of the trenches (130); and Forming a well layer (170) of the second conductivity type on the diffusion layer (140) of the first conductivity type; wherein a tip point of a Verunreinigungsdotierprofils the diffusion layer (140) of the first conductivity type according to the ion injection between the well layer (170) of the second conductivity type and a bottom surface of the trenches (130) and wherein a peak point of the well layer (170) of the second conductivity type is a surface of the base substrate at the.


Visualization results demonstrate the evolution of Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable waves into vortex pairing in a separated shear layer of a blunf circular. The results with acoustic excitation are quite different from that without acoustic excitation, and the phenomenon with excitation in a separated shear layer follows the rule of Devil s staircase, which always occurs in a non-linear dynamical system of two coupling vibrators.


Objective
To investigate the effects of UVB irradiation and calcium at different concentrations on the expression of pemphigus antigens by culture d human keratinocytes.

Methods
Human keratinocyte cultures were treated witheit her 2 mmol/L calcium added to the serum free media, or exposure to UVB irradiation. Immunofluorescence staining was performed with sera from patients with pemp higus vulgaris (PV) or pemphigus foliaceus (PF) as the first antigen. Extracts from both epidermis and keratinocytes were run on SDS-PAGE according to Laemmli's method and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane for immunoblot with PV and PF sera.

Results
Specific staining with PV sera was always detectable on kerati nocyte culture by immunofluorescence assay with or without high concentrations o f calcium while PF antigen was detected on stratified cells only. However, exposure to UVB irradiation could not evoke keratinocyte culture express PF antigen. The reactivities were found at 160 kd band with PF sera while at both 160 kd and 130 kd bands with PV sera.

Conclusion
Monolayer or stratified keratinocytes can produce PV antigen, by increasing the concentration of calcium in the culture media, the human cultured kera tinocytes can be induced to stratify and express PFA. Human keratinocytes can not express PF antigen after exposure to UVB in intro.

Key words:
Keratinocytes; Pemphigus; Calcium; Ultraviolet rays


The purpose of this study is to review existing studies on knowledge brokers and communities of practice in order to construct a new concept of knowledge brokers for future study. Previous studies have shown that communities of practice are informally constituted and create knowledge organizations through mutual engagement among the members of companies. The multi-membership of knowledge brokers allows them to play important roles in knowledge organizations. The major findings of this study are as follows. (1) The multi-membership is composed of two factors, "acceptance of diverse opinions" and "knot-working". (2) "Acceptance of diverse opinions" and "knot-working", as factors of the multi-membership, have a direct effect on "integration of diverse opinions". (3)"Integration of diverse opinions" has a direct effect on "the role of knowledge brokers". The proposed theoretical framework has implications for future studies on knowledge brokers, as well as on knowledge transfer research.


The objective of the present research is to develop a wavelet-based multiscale adaptive Galerkin method
for membrane eigenvalue analysis. Since approximate eigensolutions at a certain resolution level can be
good guesses, which play an important role in typical iterative solvers, at the next resolution level, the
multiresolution iterative solution approach by wavelets can improve the solutionconvergence rate substantially.
The intrinsic difference checking nature of wavelets can be also utilized effectively to develop an adaptive
strategy. The present wavelet-based approach will be implemented for the simplest vector iteration method,
but some important aspects, such as convergence speedup, and the reduction in the number of nodes can be
clearly demonstrated.


Deliverable No. D4.2 of the (FP7-) Project "IRISS – Increasing Resilience in Surveillance Societies". Objective: To investigate societal effects of different surveillance practices from a multi-disciplinary social science and legal perspective. Deliverable D4.2: Conduct the observation/interviews – Doing privacy in everyday encounters with surveillance. Local reports on the results of the empirical studies conducted in different countries (Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Italy, UK)


– Quantitative information on nutrition labels (nutrition facts panels (NFPs)) is often conveyed in the form of absolute weights (i.e. milligrams or grams) and reference values (i.e. per cent daily values (%DVs)) which provide information regarding nutrient levels within the context of a total daily diet. Some evidence suggests that %DVs are preferred over the weights and may be better at communicating nutrition information. However, age differences are often neglected in past work, thus limiting the understanding how effectively NFPs communicate quantitative information across adulthood. The paper aims to discuss these issues. , – Using eye tracking methodology, the present study examined age and preference differences in attention to weights and %DVs on NFPs during two healthfulness judgement tasks. The extent to which attention predicted judgement accuracy was explored and findings were compared to two additional predictors, prior knowledge and NFP numeracy skills. , – Although individuals paid attention to both types of quantitative information, attention to %DVs, but not weights, predicted accuracy, on both tasks. For older adults only, preferences for %DVs were related to %DV attention, and this in turn supported accuracy on the single-NFP task. , – These data show that %DVs are important for healthfulness judgements across age but that preferences for %DVs, together with attention to %DVs, are particularly important for older adults.


Organic materials are promising electroactive components of energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. Among them, low-molecular-weight organics have attracted attention as higher-energy-density, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive electrode materials, but their poor cycle performance is the main drawback. Using in situ XRD measurement in aqueous electrolyte system, here we investigated the capacity fading mechanism of an organic electrode based on low-molecular-weight quinones. Although the capacity fading of such organic electrodes is generally attributed to their elution into the electrolyte, our structural analysis reveals that the capacity fading is also associated with the expansion of an electrochemically inactive region, which persists in the electrode but does not take part in the reversible redox reactions. Moreover, the detailed analysis of the XRD patterns suggests that the capacity fading of the electrode is accompanied by the crystal growth of ...


This work is focused on social policies and its comprehension by an average citizen who is involved in working procedure and who is concerned with what assistance he can expect and require from the State as to getting into trouble regarding a disadvantageous social situation. Theoretical part of this work defines social policies, their goals, functions and tools. Practical part is based on a questionnaire survey focused on general understanding of social policy by citizens. The investigation took place in the Czech enterprise CKD Kutna Hora a.s. and results were compiled into graphic charts.


BAKING COOKIES The body of the case consists of a brief description of each of the four assignments. The assignments themselves are included as tables numbered 1 through 4. Note that the assignments have some aspects that are general. This helps students build judgment and decision making skills and gives students a feel for the decisions that face managers and managerial accountants. Cookies 1 The first assignment, presented in Table 1, involves several activities that are well within the skill set of any student at the beginning of a managerial accounting class. Students must research and find a cookie recipe, which may involve using the Internet. They must go to a store and price the ingredients, giving them a feel for practical product costing. Then they must begin to think about how costs behave. This ties in well with text material covering cost-volume-profit relationships. Finally, they must do some simple arithmetic to divide costs such as five pounds of flour to their batch of cookies requiring three and a half cups of flour. The instructor may also use this assignment to de-mystify accounting and also to help students understand that even in classes, they need to perform a basic reality check: there have been students who initially reported a cost for vanilla of $15 used in a single batch of cookies! Cookies 2 Cookies 2 as portrayed in Table 2 continues the lessons of the first assignment with more challenging tasks. It introduces a simplified set of indirect/overhead costs to be allocated to the cookies. Cookies 2 forces the student to think through a production process and perform some work flow analysis. It then takes the student through several breakeven exercises. The concept of capacity is introduced in step 3. Students, in this step 3, must take their workflow analysis and apply it to determine capacity. The last element of the assignment introduces simple flexible budgeting. Cookies 2, as presented in Table 2, uses a single worker as the base line, and then allows students to expand to three workers, exercising their entrepreneurial skills. Cookies 3 Cookies 3 (Table 3) builds on previous assignments by exploring traditional cost allocation measures consistent with those in most managerial or cost accounting texts. Students first attach full costs to a batch of cookies using a single overhead rate. They may choose their own denominator activity. Then students use a more complex two-step allocation scheme. They divide their process into departments, allocate service costs, and then allocate departmental costs to a batch of cookies. Finally students compare the two methods. If the class is focusing on more detailed manufacturing costing, an additional step that may be useful is to have students present the flow of a cookie batch through a T-account representation, supported by journal entries. Cookies 4 Cookies 4 (Table 4) brings cookie production into the new manufacturing environment and winds up the set of cases. Students must once again think through the cookie-making process as a set of activities and attach costs to the identified activities rather than to departments and subsequently assign the costs to batches of cookies. These processes may overlap those in Cookies 3, but should differ in some respects. Once again students are asked to reflect on the three methods in the two assignments. It helps them recognize that each method may result in different costs of a batch of cookies and therefore flows into product pricing decisions, production planning and profitability. The four cases outlined above have been used over several years in an upper division accounting class for non-accounting majors. It has proved to be a popular way of teaching the material and of showing students how accounting may be useful to them in their careers. It has been mentioned in post-semester evaluation as the best course assignment. Marcia S. Niles, University of Idaho Table 1 Cookies 1: In this assignment, you will begin to analyze costs for a simple product: cookies. …


This presentation will report some reflections about "MEDICAL COMPUTING LAW." The experience with practice in the field of computer application in medical care brought many problems with the law: E.G. privacy, data protection and data security problems, questions of contracting in hardware and software, use of computers in medicine, liability for medical computer decision making, etc. All these problems and questions call for a new view of law in the computer field, especially in the medical sector. So we decided to describe MEDICAL COMPUTING LAW as an interdisciplinary legal science with the function of integration of legal concepts.


Judges are elected in thirty-nine states under rules that govern their campaign conduct. In New York, as in other states, judicial candidates may not make campaign pledges or promises to the electorate as to how they would decide matters if elected. Nor may they make commitments (or appear to do so) on issues likely to come before the court or "knowingly make any false statement or misrepresent the identity, qualifications, current position or other fact concerning [either] the candidate or an opponent." Judicial candidates are also instructed to "maintain the dignity appropriate to judicial office and act in a manner consistent with the integrity and independence of the judiciary." And since judges must "act at all times in a manner that promotes public confidence in the integrity and impartiality of the judiciary," that


Objectives To observe the relationship of CRP and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS), CRP and degree of coronary artery stenosis. We also want to know whether C-reactive protein is a independently risk factor of ARAS. At the same time, we observe whether the traditional risk factors of CHD is also risk factors of ARAS.Methods In the study period 247 patients (132 males, mean age 64.0±10.3 years) with known or suspected CAD underwent combined cardiac catheterization and renal artery angiography. Detect the serum hs-CRP before the procedure. All subjects are divided into two groups according as results of renal artery angiography, then compare the level of hs-CRP in the two groups. Results (1)Serum levels of hs-CRP were significantly higher in ARAS group (6.785±4.011) mg/l than in basal normal group (4.232±3.47) mg/l (P0.05). There is a significant difference between two groups. (2)There were 44 (20%) patients with ARAS in 220 patients with CHD; There was only one(3.7%) patient combinating with ARAS in 27 patients with non-CHD. There were 22(33.8%) patients combinating with ARAS in 65 patients with three branches coronary artery stenosis;There were 12(22.2%) patients combinating with ARAS in 54 patients with two branches coronary artery stenosis;There were 10(10.0%) patients combinating with ARAS in 101 patients with one branch coronary artery stenosis. Statistical analysis showed there was a intimate relationship between the degree of coronary artery stenosis and ARAS. (3) Serum hs-CRP level taken on a gradually heightening trend from one branch stenosis to multi-branches stenosis. Respectively compare with non-CHD group , there whole was a significantly difference.(4) single factor analysis showed serum CRP level, age, degree of coronary artery stenosis, Peripheral atherosclerosis disease, hypertension, renal dysfunction, hyperlipemia were risk factors of ARAS, but diabetes mellitus and smoking were not risk factors of ARAS. Logistic regression analysis showed only age, degree of coronary artery stenosis, peripheral atherosclerosis disease were independently risk factor of ARAS, and that CRP level, hyperlipemia,hypertension, renal dysfunction were not independently risk factor of ARAS.Conclusions (1) CRP is a risk factor of patient with CHD combinating ARAS, but not independent risk factor. (2) More serious degree of coronary artery stenosis is, more easier combinating ARAS is.(3) More higher serum hs-CRP level is, more serious degree of coronary artery stenosis is. (4) Age, degree of coronary artery stenosis, peripheral atherosclerosis disease were independently risk factor of ARAS, and that CRP level, hyperlipemia,hypertension, renal dysfunction were not independently risk factor of ARAS.


The profile cutting machine is the most widely used pint-sized cutting tool because of its simplicity and portability. The traditional profile cutting machine is complete manual control,consequence,the workers have heavy labor intensity,the profile is unevenly and the dust go everywhere,which may cause healthy problem. On the solution of these problem,the concept of automatic profile cutting machine is proposed and do a lot of works,including total structure design,control system design and DC motor speed regulation,etc. Finally,the effect is verified by experiment. The actual result indicates that automatic cutting machine in constant power can improve the quality and efficiency,meanwhile,the environment protection is also under consideration.


The stochastic finite element method(SFEM) was combined with the reliability theory to calculate the strain-based fatigue reliability.The Taylor-expansion SFEM under fatigue loading was deduced.In reliability theory the improved first-order second-moment method was used.The(aeolotropism) and Bauschinger effect resulted from plastic deformation under cyclic loading were reflected by the kinematic hardening model in the SFEM.The transient stress-strain relation curve was denoted by segment polygonal line named framework curve.The usability coefficients expressed the memory characteristic of material. The yield-stress increment could solve the plastic hysteresis problems in SFEM including cycle-hardening or cycle-softening phenomenon.The random responses of local multiaxial stress and strain were calculated by the Taylor-expansion SFEM.The partial derivative iterative formulas of the local strain were deduced.So the partial derivative of the performance function could be obtained,and the improved first-order second-moment method was used to calculate the reliability(index.)


(3S,cis) [98203-44-2] C10H17NO2 (MW 183.28)

InChI = 1S/C10H17NO2/c1-7(2)8-6-13-10(3)5-4-9(12)11(8)10/h7-8H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,10-/m1/s1

InChIKey = NUUDVADIQSLTCN-PSASIEDQSA-N

(3R,cis) [123808-97-9]

InChI = 1S/C10H17NO2/c1-7(2)8-6-13-10(3)5-4-9(12)11(8)10/h7-8H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,10-/m0/s1

InChIKey = NUUDVADIQSLTCN-WPRPVWTQSA-N

(chiral template for synthesis of enantiomerically pure cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, cyclopentenones, pyrrolidines, pyrrolidinones, and α,α-disubstituted γ-keto acids1)

Physical Data: bp 76–80 °C/0.05 mmHg; [α]D 95.5°.

Preparative Methods: the richly functionalized chiral bicyclic lactam is easily procured by condensation of commercially available (S)-valinol and levulinic acid in 86% yield (eq 1).2 Similar bicyclic lactams have been prepared from other amino alcohols.3 These bicyclic lactams have served as precursors to a variety of enantiomerically pure compounds that possess quaternary stereocenters. An extensive review on the utility of chiral, nonracemic bicyclic lactams is available.1

(1)


The present invention relates to a method for estimating a location of an object, including the processes of: acquiring an image from a photographing part photographing an image reflected from a nonplanar mirror reflecting an image from the forward direction; identifying a pattern of a specific land mark from a pattern of at least two adjacent land marks in the acquired image; acquiring first positioning information by estimating an absolute location coordinate value of a currently located object through angle of arrival (AoA) method using angle information per land mark which is an angle of arrival formed with the identified land mark around the photographing part; acquiring second positioning information by estimating an absolute location coordinate value of the currently located object through time of arrival (ToA) method using time information per radio wave transmitting device which is an arrival time of a signal transmitted to the radio wave receiving device of the object from a plurality of radio wave transmitting devices dispersed at a previously set position in a network where the object is located; and calculating final positioning information of the object by filtering the first positioning information and the second positioning information. [Reference numerals] (110) Obtain image; (112) Identify land mark; (114) Acquire first positioning information; (116) Acquire second positioning information; (118) Re-queue second positioning information per radio wave transmitter gathering to first positioning information; (120) Select radio wave transmitter corresponding priority; (122) Compare with first positioning information coordinate value; (124) Equal to or above pre-set distance?; (126) Acquire/compare dispersion or standard deviation of selected radio wave transmitter; (127) Select excellent dispersion and correct middle value; (128) Delete second positioning information; (130) Correct first positioning information; (132) Calculate final positioning information; (AA) START; (BB) Select excellent dispersion and correct middle value; (CC) NO; (DD) YES; (EE) END


OF DISSERTATION This work applies Kellee Tsai's theory of "adaptive informal institutions" (2007) to the case of Japan, making the case that local innovations are leading to the creation of more liberal immigration policies, which may ultimately be formalized through national adoption. Such instances of local policy innovation would contradict the notion that unitary states like Japan are dominated by their central governments. To consider the Japanese case, this study analyzes immigration policy developments in the city of Kawasaki, a notably progressive Japanese municipality, and compares them to changes in national immigration policy. This study contributes to the developing literature on Japanese immigration policy, central-local relations in Japan, as well as decentralization in unitary states. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate School of Northeastern University April, 2012


This paper uses the 2018 survey data from the China Health and Senior Care Tracking Survey (CHARLS) project database to construct a statistical model through regression methods. The study found that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between rural middle-aged and elderly people and their children's economic exchanges and children's income levels. At the same time, this study explains the reasons for the results of this statistical model, and based on the mathematical statistical conclusions of this paper, provides policy recommendations for enhancing the welfare of the rural middle-aged and elderly people: under the background that the Chinese government's old-age security is still playing a bottom line, it should promote employment, Taxation policies and other methods to increase the disposable income level of rural middle-aged and elderly children, in order to promote their economic support for rural middle-aged and elderly people, improve the living standards and well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly people, and properly cope with the current serious aging in rural areas problem.


We from the editorial team greatly appreciate the reviewers for your time and expertise to the journal's rigorous editorial process, regardless of whether the papers are finally published or not in the JPAHS- Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the reviewers for your generous contribution.


Protein subcellular localization prediction is the problem of predicting where a protein functions within a living cell. In this paper, we apply associative classifications (CMAR and CPAR) and multi-class Support Vector Machines to tackle the problem of protein subcellular localization prediction. We use classification feature sources generated from a protein's SwissProt annotation record. We visualize the applied classification rules in an explain graph for domain experts to interpret. We compare the performance of our approaches to those of Proteome Analyst 3.0, using the same set of classification features; we find that all three classification algorithms outperform Proteome Analyst. Multi-class SVM achieves overall F-measures [0.934 ~ 0.991], while CPAR and CMAR achieve overall F-measures [0.922 ~ 0.989] and [0.880 ~ 0.989], respectively. Our result shows that despite multi-class SVM is still the most accurate prediction algorithm with overall F-measures, CPAR and CMAR achieve very similar accuracy. In most cases, CPAR outperforms CMAR, especially when the feature space is large. Our result indicates that associative classification algorithms, especially CPAR, is a good alternative to SVM with similar accuracy but much better transparency in classification models.


Stuttering assessment through the manual classication of speech disuencies is subjective, inconsistent, of the 2 parameters (LPC order and frame length) in the LPC- and PLP-based methods on the classication results is also investigated. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method can be used to help speech language pathologists in classifying speech disuencies.


The knowledge of the accurate paper of the scapula in relation to the function of the upper member is of extreme importance for understanding of the human movement, as well as, to understand the consequences and the reasons of the alterations in its standard of normality. In this direction, many works come being carried through aiming at to clarify the standard of normal movement, the structures that a re related to this standard and the possible causes of the dysfunctions, besides investigating the implic ations caused for such dysfunctions in other structures; h owever, such ideas are presented in fragmented way. Thus, the proposal of the present study is to carry through a revision of literature on the function o f the scapula and its alterations in the dysfunction. For this, was made a search in the database of the Pub Med for "scapulohumeral rhythm", "scapular motion" e "scapular dysfunction", where articles between 2000 and 2006 had been selected. The selected articles h ad been analyzed in order to relate the evidences f ound in a global idea. It is observed that a series of s tructures needs to be in full balance to keep norma l the kinetic and kinematics standard. A kinetic alterati on generally finishes promoting an alteration kinem atics, in the same way that the alteration kinematics impo ses great influence to promote an alteration kineti c. Of this form, they must be carried through a minute ev aluation in such a way taking in consideration how much kinematics and kinetic aspects, because only t hus the necessary balance for the normal function o f the upper member is obtained.


It is estimated the liana of Fanjing Mountain Biosphere Reserve consists of 254 species(including varieties, subspecies and forms) belonging to 89 genera and 45 families The paper presents a detailed analysis of the usage types, exploitation and conservation status, as well as the strategies of protection and sustainable utilization of the liana resource


To what extent did the demands of shipboard life and work shape the identity of sailors? In what ways did the particular intersection of language and environment—man-made and natural—influence their speech? How did the occupational and technical idiom of sailors influence their cognitive models of language and their use of language in general? This chapter is divided into six sections: sailors historically considered; sailor literacy; nautical terminology; slang, cursing, and swearing; sailors' work songs; and sailor language in the works of James Fenimore Cooper. The chapter investigates who 19th-century sailors were and what defined them as seamen. It especially considers the central debate amongst historians over the exceptionalism of sailors. Were seafarers ennobled by constant contact with nature at its most sublime? Or were they simply laborers: "working men who got wet," in David Alexander's phrase? Were they a people set apart or ordinary people in often extraordinary conditions?


Two-photon absorption spectra have been studied for the first time in Y3Fe5012• The study has been made in the spectral range from 2.50 eV to 3.51 eV in the tem- perature interval 90-300 K. It was found that at high temperatures (140-300 K) real intermediate electronic 3d-states play an important role in forming nonlinear optic~l spectra of magnetic insulators. In the case of YIG this intermediate state is a T1g state of Fe3 + - ion in the octahedral sublattice. A precise value of Eg = 2.66 eV (at 300 K) has been deduced from the two-photon absorption spectra and it has been attributed to the gap between 2p-valence band of oxygen and 3d-con- duction band of iron. ABSTRACT MagnetiC field and temperature dependent «10 K) luminescence from both RU(bPY)32+ (RBY) of the host material, and the OS(bPY)32+ (OBY) dopant, are reported as a function of the orientation of B. Differences are seen for El IB and El B, little effect is seen for BI I~. Strong energy transfer previously reported between RBY and OBY is seen to be dependent on the applied magnetic field. OBY luminescence has more detailed fine structure, first seen here, with some similarities but striking differences to the weak structure seen for RBY in the PF6 host. A marked triplet structure, with -35 cm-1 spacing, is seen throughout the spectrum. The triplet has two origin patterns spaced by 7±1 cm-1 •. The two higher energy components of the triplet pattern move (+)1 cm-1 at 5T (B1 ~). Of the two triplet patterns, only the lower energy set has a strongly enhanced intenSity (x400) for B(4T)1 lE at 1.4 K. The phonon structure built upon these origins is analysed.


Research interest in resonance and topology for systems at near-zero frequency, whose wavelength could be 2 orders larger than the scale of resonators is very rare, since the trivial effective-medium theory is generally thought to be correct in this regime. Also, the complex frequency regime is generally thought to be irrelevant to the topological properties of Hermitian systems. In this work, we find the general conditions to realize near-zero frequency resonance for a resonator and theoretically propose two kinds of realizations of such resonators, which are confirmed by numerical methods. The photonic crystals with such a resonator as the unit cell present rich topological characteristics at the near-zero frequency regime. The topological singularity that corresponds to the resonant frequency of the unit cell can be pushed to zero frequency at the bottom of the first band by tuning a certain parameter to a critical value. Surprisingly, we find that, when the parameter is tuned over the critical value, the singularity has disappeared in the first band and is pushed into the imaginary frequency regime, but now the topology of the first band and gap is still nontrivial, which is demonstrated by the existence of the topological edge state in the first gap, the negative sign of imaginary part of the surface impedance, and the symmetry property of Wannier functions. So, we are forced to accept that the singularity in the imaginary frequency regime can influence the topology in the real frequency regime. So, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we find that the singularity in the pure imaginary regime can still cause the observable topological effects on the real frequency regime, even for the Hermitian systems. Now, zero frequency acts as a novel exceptional point for Hermitian systems and the topology of the first band and first gap could be quite different from other bands and gaps, since they are intrinsically connected with zero frequency. Other new phenomena are also observed when the singularity is at the near-zero frequency regimes (real or imaginary), e.g., the cubic relationship between reflection coefficient and the frequency, the robust wide-bandwidth high transmission at very low frequency, etc. Besides the theoretical importance, some basic applications, such as the robust deep subwavelength wide bandwidth high-transmission layered structures, the subwavelength wide bandwidth absorbers, and the cavity from the topological subwavelength edge state are proposed, which can inspire new designs in many areas of optics, microwaves, and acoustics. This work opens a new window for rich topological physics and revolutionary device designs at the near and beyond zero-frequency regimes.


This is the second part of a two-part article that describes and analyzes a program of research (PR) in international IT studies that began in the fall of 1992. The first part spans the years 1992 through 2000 and discusses the concept of a PR, the inception of our PR, and its maturation in terms of theory and methodology, research team dynamics, and program implementation. Part II focuses on the time frame of 2000 to 2004. The work undertaken during this second period is distinctive in two areas: the examination in detail of the full range of all constructs in the final research model; and grantsmanship, which was essential to the life of the PR. Specifically, a multi-year NSF grant funded the core of in-depth work undertaken between 2000 and 2003. A second NSF grant permitted us to work with domain experts from around the world to push the stream of research forward. In Part II, we also offer a retrospective analysis, based on our experience, on the PR effort. Pros and cons are articulated and then extrapolated into practical lessons learned that will be useful to others in similar undertakings. We offer guidelines for initiating and maintaining programs of research, highlighting the inevitable trade-offs that occur when high administrative work loads and intensive data gathering in the global setting, often involving long periods of time abroad, have to be balanced with the ability to carry out the research at all and the rarity of the data. Finally, we look forward to what we term Stage 4 — the period of redirection — which is the bridge to the next program of research.


Nonparametric inverse methods provide a general framework for solving potential‐field problems. The use of weighted norms leads to a general regularization problem of Tikhonov form. We present an alternative procedure to estimate the source susceptibility distribution from potential field measurements exploiting inversion methods by means of a flexible depth‐weighting function in the Tikhonov formulation. Our approach improves the formulation proposed by Li and Oldenburg (1996, 1998) , differing significantly in the definition of the depth‐weighting function.


In the present paper, an eco-friendly synthesis route is proposed to produce fire-retardant magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs; Fe3O4)/hydroxyl acid cellulose phosphate (HACP) composite. Dialdehyde cellulose phosphate (DACP) experienced an intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction during the in situ preparation of MNPs and produced HACP. The (Fe3+/Fe2+) co-precipitation method was employed to prepare the MNPs/HACP composite from DACP. The microstructural properties of the produced composite were assessed through FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TGA, and DTA. The XRD analysis revealed a significant change in the DACP phase of the MNPs/HACP composite, and SEM images confirmed a homogenous distribution of MNPs in hydroxyl acid. Furthermore, DSC and TGA proved that char yield increased from 8% in DACP to 25% in the composite in the temperature range of 600 °C–800 °C; hence, it indicates that MNPs significantly increased the flame retardancy of the composite as compared to cellulose phosphate (CP) and DACP.


• Chile peppers have been used as ornamental plants and given as Christmas gifts since the 15th century (Armitage and Hamilton, 1987). • Today the typical Christmas plant is a poinsettia (Hammer, 1980). • Dwarf and Semi-dwarf Ornamental chile pepper cultivars have a shorter and more compact growth habit with a dichotomous growth pattern and polychotomous branching. • Ornamental pepper plants are ideal as container plants for the greenhouse and landscape industry. • Many of the commercial ornamental pepper cultivars currently available need to be pinched or sprayed with a uniconazole foliar application to achieve a dwarf or semi-dwarf plant habit (Starman, 1993).


As a counterpart to classical topological vector spaces in the alternative set theory, biequivalence vector spaces (over the field Q of all rational numbers) are introduced and their basic properties are listed. A methodological consequence opening a new view towards the relationship between the algebraic and topological dual is quoted. The existence of various types of valuations on a biequivalence vector space inducing its biequivalence is proved. Normability is characterized in terms of total convexity of the monad and/or of the galaxy of 0. Finally, the existence of a rather strong type of basis for a fairly extensive area of biequivalence vector spaces, containing all the most important particular cases, is established.


Obiective A clear detection of bacterial L-type and their infection in the pharynx of the pathogenic role in guiding the clinical rational drug use. Method acquisition in August 2007 -2008 in November 76 cases of pharyngeal infection in 50 cases of normal secretions and pharyngeal secretions as type specimens for bacteriological culture identification; bacterial L-train identification; resistance monitoring. Results 76 cases of pharyngeal swab specimens of bacteria and bacterial L-type culture situation: The L-type total detection rate of 86.8% , normal detection rate of 52% . Comparing the two groups were significantly different (P 0.05); bacterial type (17.1%) and mixed type (13.2%) of the detection rates were compared with the normal group the difference was not significant (P 0.05). Bacterial L -type and drug susceptibility throwback bacteria results: L-type bacteria to chloramphenicol, adriamycin Pioneer V (cefazolin) than in sensitive bacteria throwback, throwback strains to amikacin than the bacterial L-sensitive. The remaining two types of antibiotics on the drug sensitivity of bacteria are no major differences. Conclusions The clinical use of antibiotics in bacteria when to strike a balance between L-and bacteria -based, rational use of antibiotics in order to achieve early treatment effect, control recurrent throat infection purposes.


This paper shows that off-balance post-retirement plans with regards to pension and health care benefits are important for firm leverage and real investment around the world. The values of postretirement assets and liabilities of nonfinancial corporations are economically sizable in many countries (often more than in the U.S.), but not fully reflected on the balance sheet despite plans being generally underfunded. Consolidating off-balance sheet post-retirement plans increases effective leverage on average by 20-70%, though companies with large post-retirement plans tend to have less regular leverage, and there is significant variation across countries with regards to the extent to which projected benefit obligations substitute for regular debt. Since post-retirement benefit obligations have more flexible terms than regular debt, they can be used as an instrument to investigate the effect of financial flexibility on real investment. The results show that the relationship is conditional on the type of investment opportunity (i.e. type of growth option). Post-retirement benefit obligations have a positive effect on R&D, which generates growth options, and a negative effect on capital expenditures, which exercises growth options. The results are robust to other dimensions of financial policy, such as debt maturity, dividends, preferred stock, convertible debt, and leverage that also affect real investment.


Knowledge about children and have skills of stimulating  needs of children at each stage of development, so that children's intelligence can develop with maximum age. Age 0-2 years is a very important time considering the brain development occurs very rapidly at the age under 2 years, this is called a critical period of development, and is a good time to make a recovery, if there is a developmental disorder. Technique of collecting knowledge data using questionnaire sheet and skill data using Checklist executed at May 2018. Data analysis using statistical test with SPSS software that is "Chi Square" test by using scale/data ordinal and nominal, with level maximize α = 0,010. The results showed that the statistical test results obtained p value of 0.000 <0,05 so that H0 rejected which means there is relationship of mother knowledge about child development with skill of mother doing age stimulation 0-2 year.


Disclosed are an ultrasound optimization method and an ultrasonic medical device therefor. Provided are an ultrasound optimization method and an ultrasonic medical device therefor, the ultrasound optimization method examining the characteristics of a subject to be analyzed (the human body) by analyzing the reflected signals of impulses transmitted to the subject to the analyzed, and, in accordance with the characteristics of the subject to be analyzed (the human body), optimizing the transmission parameters or compensating the reception parameters of the ultrasound.


A regulating system used for cooperatively regulating collision safety of a seat cushion and a backrest comprises a supporting mechanism, a starting mechanism, a limiting and locking mechanism, a bottom board and the cushion, wherein one end of the cushion is hinged to one end of the bottom board through a bearing, the other end of the cushion is connected with the other end of the bottom board through the supporting mechanism, and the middle of the cushion is connected with the bottom board through the starting mechanism and the limiting and locking mechanism. The regulating system is compact in structure, low in manufacturing cost, good in stability and capable of eliminating gaps and vibration between a seat and a supporting platform in the normal driving process of a car and achieving flexible contact, the inner arc surface and the outer arc surface of the front surface of the locking rod, the inner arc surface and the outer arc surface of the rear surface of the locking rod and the rotating center of the cushion are concentric, and interference will not be caused between the locking rod and a hole of the bottom board of the cushion when the cushion rotates under the working condition of front collision; as the limiting and locking rod is arranged, angle regulation of the cushion can be limited and locked under the working condition of front collision, and meanwhile an auxiliary torsional spring plays a role in assisting the cushion in bouncing.


This article presents the results of research into the durability woven geotextiles when used for slope protection. All sites sele were situated along shipping canals and rivers, and the geotextil sampled were all between 10-15 years old. The behaviour of the textiles was determined by the rate of ageing, clogging and block of the filter. Brief details of the following are provided: a) t sampling routine followed; b) selection of sample sites; c) sampl preparation and collection; d) laboratory tests undertaken; and e results. The results indicate that over the period of time consi (10-15 years), the influence of time on the physical properties o geotextiles is minimal. Soils containing iron or iron oxide redu the life of polypropylene geotextiles. Reduction of permeability result of clogging was found in most cases but not to any great extent.


This paper considers the web service environment for Telco applications, as defined recently by the ParlayX Working Group within the Parlay organisation. These services include messaging, location, payment, call control, presence, group management, etc. and open the way to rapid service creation and integration with internet applications. However, some vital issues for the telecommunications industry such as the secure user access to a service and its personalization have not been addressed yet sufficiently. The Web Services Run Time Environment Extension (WSRTE) presented in this paper is a light, vendor-independent framework that facilitates the creation of personalized web services by combining security and profiling functions.


In this paper,an improved graphic representation for Structured Program Design--N-S-Z (Nassi-Shneiderman-Zhou Diagram) is proposed.It not only preserves the advantages of the conventional graphic and non-graphic representations,but also adds some new features which will enhance the representative power of the original diagram.


Soil erosion involves four classes of factors: 1. Pedologic factors, 'including texture, structure, and whatever other characteristics of the soil are involved in erodibility. 2. Physiographic factors, particularly, slope, length of overland flow, surface roughness, depression storage, etc. 3. Hydrqlogic factors: rain intensity and duration, infiltration-capacity, and surface runoff characteristics. 4. Hydraulic factors. The physiographic and hydrologic factors operate indirectly. They govern the direct hydraulic factors or independent variables: depth and velocity of overland flow and type of overland flow. This paper is devoted to methods of determining the hydrologic and hydraulic factors. It is devoted in part largely to ways in which the hydrologist can supply the soil scientist with the data the latter needs in dealing with his part of the problem of erosion control. The occasion for the paper is the fact that at a large number of stations, runoff plat experiments • are being carried out ostensibly to supply data and fundamental laws and principles in the practical management of the soil on farms to control surface erosion. The usual layout at these stations includes a series of adjacent strips, sometimes twentyfive or thirty in number, often of two or three different lengths, but with the same, or nearly the same, slopes and soils. These strips are subjected to different crops and soil treatments. Tanks and flumes are provided for measuring the total runoff and total erosion. In some cases, recording gages are provided which give runoff intensity and furnish a basis for platting hydrographs. Recording runoff graphs should be provided in all cases. Recording rain gages and, in some cases, instruments for measuring soil-moisture, are also maintained. It is only when recording gage records are available that hydrographs can be platted and the depth and velocity of overland flow determined. In addition to the plats on which natural rainfall occurs many experiments are being carried out using rainfall simulators or artificial rainfall produced by a sprinkling device. Here again, recording runoff gages are needed to provide the basis for platting hydrographs and analyzing the data in a thoroughly scientific manner. As far as the author is aware no definite procedure for the analysis of these experimental data has thus far been formulated. It is the author's belief that the experimental plats, both strip plats and those with simulated rainfall, furnish the best possible means of establishing fundamental laws and principles governing both surface runoff and erosion, as well as for the determination of numerical factors and coefficients needed in applying these results to actual farm lands. In addition, rainfall and runoff records are taken on small drainage basins, usually adjacent to the experimental plats. Rainfall and, in general, the soil is the same but the length of overland flow and slope, and often the crop cover and method of cultivation, are different from those on the strips and plats. The small drainage basins afford a means of checking the results obtained from the experimental plats by application to natural areas. The purpose of this paper is to describe methods for the analysis and interpretation of strip and plat experiments with a view to securing therefrom results of the utmost scientific value and to provide for the analysis of these experiment, as far as


We explored the role played by AKAP121 in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]m), as indices of mitochondrial functions. We found that AKAP121 overexpression hyperpolarizes inner mitochondrial membrane in a PKA and PTPD1 dependent manner. Cells transiently transfected with the AKAP121PKAm, that does not bind PKA, or AKAP121∆45-110, that does not bind PTPD1/src, displayed depolarization of inner mitochondrial membrane, thus suggesting the role of PKA and src in the control of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorilation. In addition, the overexpression of AKAP121 significantly decreased [Ca2+]m, whereas cells transfected with AKAP121∆45-110, or with AKAP121PKAm, displayed an increase of [Ca2+]m. Moreover, transiently or stably transfected AKAP121 exposed to a hypoxic insults showed a marked impairment of mitochondrial membrane depolarization compared with wild type cells. These results demonstrate that AKAP121, by integrating PKA and src signalling to mitochondria, controls oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.


he NSF MARGINS and GeoPRISMS programs have generated and applied new knowledge through community-driven interdisciplinary research on focus sites. In both programs, the role of volatiles in many aspects of the Earth system was recognized, and science plans developed through community meetings and workshops highlighted volatiles and their exchange between the Earth's interior and exterior. As a result, not only were numerous key discoveries made, but also known processes were quantified and allowed for consideration within the broader Earth science framework. Results related to volatile fluxes at subduction zones and rifted continental margins are briefly reviewed here. Research advances catalyzed through these two programs include better quantification of volatiles stored in the oceanic and continental lithosphere, the processes of hydration of subducted lithosphere and their effect on volatile transport into the mantle, quantification of carbon fluxes from continental rifts, quantification of volatile fluxes into and out of subduction zones, and the role of the forearc for volatile storage. Here we provide a short summary of some of the accomplishments regarding volatiles, with a focus on MARGINS and GeoPRISMS sites.


Biochemistry is an importantly basic subject and has close relation with medicine.In 20th century, Nobel prize had been award in biochemical field more than sixty times that indicates importance of biochemistry.Relation between biochemisty and nobel prize is elucidated to explain biochemical promoting function for scientific development,especially for medicine.


We have studied experimentally the time-reversal symmetry of Pancharatnam's phase, an optical manifestation of Berry's topological phase, through the use of optical phase conjugation. Pancharatnam's phase is the phase acquired by a beam of light when its polarization state is changed successively so that a closed path is traced out on the surface of the Poincare sphere. Numerically, this phase is equal to minus one half the solid angle subtended by the closed path. Pancharatnam's phase, due to its topological origin, is independent of the system's Hamiltonian, including its symmetry properties, and, therefore, remains odd even when the time-reversal symmetry of the total system is broken.


Emotional states produce physiological alterations in the vocal tract introducing variability in the acoustic parameters of speech. Emotion recognition in speech can be used in human-machine interaction applications, speaker verification, analysis of neurological disorders and psychological diagnostic tools. This paper proposes the use of Mel Frequency Cesptral Coefficients (MFCC) for automatic detection of emotions in running speech. Experiments were conducted on the Berlin emotional speech database for a three- class problem (anger, boredom and neutral emotional states). In order to evaluate the discrimination ability of the features three different classifiers were implemented: k-nearest neighbor, Bayesian Linear and quadratic. The highest accuracy results are obtained when neutral and anger emotions are evaluated.


In this paper, we develop the reference priors for the common location parameter in two parameter exponential distributions. We derive the reference priors and prove the propriety of joint posterior distribution under the general prior including the reference priors. Through the simulation study, we show that the proposed reference prior matches the target coverage probabilities in a frequentist sense.


The Justice Supreme Court has dealt with the responsibility imputation for automotive collision study over the time. During more than ten decades, it has been passed from blame alleged to the liability regime and vice versa. This article is intended to demonstrate that judges and magistrates in Colombia have mistakenly tried to introduce an objective system that has qualified the jurisprudence in a liability regime that has never been referred to by the Colombian civil code. It is concluded that the responsibility for automotive collision in Colombia has been studied and applied from the guilt.


In this study, a butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate (BuMA-co-EDMA) monolith was synthesised using UV-initiated polymerization inside a glass microchip. Before fabrication of the organic polymer monolith inside the glass microchip, the inner walls were silanised with 3(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (γ-MAPS). The result of this investigation confirms previous findings and contributes additional evidence that the silanisation step after pretreatment is an important procedure to covalently anchor the monolith to the inner walls. Evaluation of its performance was carried out by extraction of four standard proteins that were insulin, cytochrome C, myoglobin, and hemoglobin and the extraction recovery was in the range (79.198.4 %). The run-to-run reproducibility of the extraction of the proteins on the same microchip is quite good with RSD values for peak area counts below 6 % (n=4), and the chip-to-chip reproducibility ranged from 4.2 to 7.1 % (n=3).


Cloud computing gives part of advantages to endeavors to offload their information and software services to cloud administrations by saving them lot of money that must be spent on foundation setup cost. Despite that, while offloading the information privacy and protection is a vital concern. Correspondingly for example when the emergency clinics and medicinal services association transfer their patient's subtleties to cloud and when the information is included, it will influence the protection of the patients. So privacy is a vital concern while offloading the information to cloud. Most of solutions for privacy depend on encryption and information to be offloaded is encoded and put away in cloud. Lots of encryption techniques like cryptography, symmetric key etc. methods are used for encrypting the information before uploading to cloud. However, the reaction in this encryption system is that, the encrypted information isn't structure preserving and it is not suitable for ranking or searching. To solve the complications of this searching and ranking due to disordering a homomorphism encryption based mechanism is proposed but this solution also suffers from the problem of integrity attacks on result. So this paper discussed the enhancement of the homomorphism encryption based mechanism by solving the integrity problems effectively.


Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 3 Alessandra M. Lima Naoe, Federal University of Tocantins, BrazilAlexandru Ioan Apahidean, Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaAndré Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães, UFAPE, BrazilAngel Ramon Sanchez Delgado, Universidade federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilArnaud Z. Dragicevic, IRSTEA, FranceAzwimbavhi Reckson Mulidzi, Agricultural Research Council, South AfricaDarwin Pangaribuan, University of Lampung, IndonesiaEliana Mariela Werbin, National University of Cordoba, ArgentinianEric Owusu Danquah, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaFernando Rodrigues de Amorim, State University of Paulista (UNESP), BrazilGuitong Li, China Agricultural University, ChinaHabu Saleh Hamisu, National Horticultural Research Institute, NigeriaHedayatollah K. Soureshjani, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IranJorge A. López, University Tiradentes, BrazilMahyar Gerami, Sana Institute of Higher Education, IranNkemkanma Vivian Agi, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, NigeriaOlga Mykhailenko, National University of Pharmacy, UkraineRaul Pașcalău, Banat's University, RomaniaShakirudeen Abimbola Lawal, University of Cape Town, South AfricaShubha Kumari, ICAR-RCER, IndiaSomaia Alkhair, Alzaeim Alazhari University, SudanSudu Hakuruge Pushpa Malkanthi, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Sri LankaSybelle Mesquita Silva, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, BrazilZakaria Fouad Abdallah, National Research Centre, Egypt  Richard WilliamsEditorial AssistantJournal of Agricultural Studies--------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Email 1: firstname.lastname@example.com 2: firstname.lastname@example.com: http://jas.macrothink.org


A 1309 bp full length cDNA sequence of PsACO1 gene were isolated from Furong plum(Prunus salicina Lindl.)through RT-PCR and RACE technology.The isolated gene contains a 957 bp open reading frame and encodes a protein of 319 amino acids with isoelectric point of 5.28 and molecular weight of 36.24 kD.PsACO1protein contains characteristic domains of ACO proteins.The phylogenetic analysis results showed that PsACO1 has close corelation with ACO protein fromPrunus persica,Prunus mume,Eriobotryajaponica,Malus domestica and Prunus domestica.


In this work, we discuss two approaches to calculate phonon spectra of crystals within the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method. This method is one of the most precise implementations of Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT) due to the inclusion of all electrons into the calculation and the use of the full potential, i.e., no shape approximations are applied to the potential. The calculation of phonons requires the force-constant matrix (FCM). The FCM is the second-order derivative of the KS total energy with respect to two atomic displacements. Its Fourier transform yields the dynamical matrix (DM). The eigenvalues of the DM are the squares of the phonon frequencies. Its eigenvectors are the polarization vectors. The first approach to calculate phonons is the finite-displacement (FD) method. In this method, the FCM is obtained from displacing one atom at a time from equilibrium, calculating the forces on all atoms, and dividing by the displacement amplitude. This is repeated for each atom and for each spatial direction. In practice, the number of calculations reduces significantly by exploiting the symmetry of the crystal lattice. The FCM is transformed to the DM and the phonon energies and polarization vectors are extracted. A drawback of this approach is given by the necessity to use supercells. The phonon frequencies are only correct for phonons whose wave vector q is commensurable with the lattice. Hence, to correctly calculate phonon frequencies at small wave vectors, large supercells are needed, because the displacement pattern of such phonons repeats only after many instances of the primitive unit cell. Since the FD procedure relies on an analytical derivation of the total energy followed by a numerical one, precise forces are necessary. Otherwise, the FCM is not symmetric, for example. We present a reformulation of the FLAPW force formalism which includes the whole unit cell into the calculation of the atomic force contribution from the core states and which incorporates additional terms to deal with the slight discontinuity of the LAPW basis functions and the quantities derived from them. The improvement of the force precision is demonstrated by the study of different criteria. We then present phonon spectra for Al, MgO, GaAs, and EuTiO3 obtained by the FD method from forces calculated in the FLAPW approach using our reformulation. The second approach to calculate phonon spectra is density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). In DFPT, the second-order derivative of the KS total energy is directly calculated via perturbation theory. DFPT allows the determination of phonon frequencies at arbitrary wave vectors q from calculations involving the primitive unit cell, only, by treating a phonon of this wave vector as the perturbation. The first-order changes of the basis functions, the electronic density, and the potential have to be obtained from the Sternheimer equation, which is the linearized Schrödinger equation. Additionally, the second-order changes of the external potential, the ion-ion energy, and the LAPW basis functions are required. We provide formulas which explicitly include adjustments of the general DFPT approach when used in conjunction with the FLAPW method. These adjustments include Pulay terms, the correct treatment of the core state contribution, and surface terms which are analogous to those within the force formalism.


American metropolitan areas have experienced rising income inequality and worsening rental affordability in the past few decades. Has the rise of inequality caused worsening rental affordability? This study conducts both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to examine the impact of income inequality on rental affordability for low-income tenant households at the county level in America's largest 100 metropolitan areas. The cross-sectional analyses reveal that, everything else equal, an increase of Gini coefficient by 0.1 in a county was associated with 2.2 and 4.4 percentage points more severely rent-burdened low-income households in 2000 and 2008–2012, respectively. The longitudinal analyses confirm that rising income inequality caused worsening rental affordability for low-income tenant households in large American metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2008–2012. On average, counties that experienced a 0.1 greater increase in Gini coefficient from 2000 to 2008–2012 saw faster growth of severely rent-burdened low-income tenant households by 2.9 percentage points.


The rapid growth of the mobile cellular telephone industry over the last few years has triggered an associated growth in wireless communications generally. This paper reviews the nature of the market, the key product focus areas and the opportunities for the competing high frequency semiconductor technologies, in particular GaAs.


The continuing rise in violent and other serious crime throughout Africa has led to persistent calls by politicians and members of the public alike for the imposition of severe penalties. It is no surprise therefore that the issue of the abolition of the death penalty remains extremely controversial and makes the recent decisions from Tanzania and Soudi Africa on the constitutionality of the death penalty in murder cases particularly interesting and topical. This note seeks first to examine die cases themselves and then to place them within the framework of the development of penal policy.


Link grammar is an original theory of English syntax.Given a sentence,the system assigns to it a syntactic structure,which consists of a set of labeled links connecting pairs of words.The parser also produces a "constituent" representation of a sentence(showing noun phrases,verb phrases,etc.).This paper try to find a method based on Chinese link grammar to realize the Chinese Link Grammar parsing for the purpose of pursuing the method to solve the problem of Chinese parsing.


During the service life of bridges, the bridge management systems (BMSs) seek to handle all performed assessment activities by controlling regular inspections, evaluations, and maintenance of these structures. However, the BMSs still rely heavily on qualitative and visual bridge inspections, which compromise the structural evaluation and, consequently, the maintenance decisions as well as the avoidance of bridge collapses. The structural health monitoring appears as a natural field to aid the bridge management, providing more reliable and quantitative information. Herein, the machine learning algorithms have been used to unveil structural anomalies from monitoring data. In particular, the Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), supported by the expectation‐maximization (EM) on the parameter estimation, have been proposed to model the main clusters that correspond to the normal and stable state conditions of a bridge, even when it is affected by unknown sources of operational and environmental variations. Unfortunately, the performance of the EM algorithm is strongly dependent on the choice of the initial parameters. This paper proposes a hybrid approach based on a standard genetic algorithm (GA) to improve the stability of the EM algorithm on the searching of the optimal number of clusters and their parameters, strengthening the damage classification performance. The superiority of the GA‐EM‐GMM approach, over the classic EM‐GMM one, is tested on a damage detection strategy implemented through the Mahalanobis‐squared distance, which permits one to track the outlier formation in relation to the chosen main group of states, using real‐world data sets from the Z‐24 Bridge, in Switzerland. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The authors present the results of the research carried out in the 2016/2018 academic years among 338 students earning BA in the English language and literature regarded in our study as future philologists. Experimental work was conducted at four higher educational institutions in Ukraine. The aim of the study was to find out the influence of open educational resources for learning English on the development of future philologists' instrumental values. We used methods of mathematical statistics, computer data processing and a descriptive method for interpreting experimental data. The authors theoretically substantiate and practically prove the efficiency of the use of open educational resources for learning English which influence the development of future philologists' instrumental values necessary for adequate evaluating own activity and meeting various real-life and professional challenges. These open educational resources are The Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Encyclopedia Britannica, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, Learn English. The results obtained in the experimental and control groups are compared and conclusions on the efficiency of the use of open educational resources for learning English in the educational process of higher education institutions in the context of development of future philologists' instrumental values are drawn.


The inner comparison superiority of the professional market cluster mill be formed in the process of its development. At the same time, the cluster with the superiority will promote the rigional economy further development. In the circomstance conditions of genenal market economy, it depents the government action for the professional market cluster to obtain the inner comparison superiority.


Electrospinning and hydrothermal treatment were employed to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–titanium dioxide composite photocatalytic membranes with different anatase, brookite and rutile compositions. The crystal phases were manipulated by adjusting the urea : hydrochloric acid ratio and the concentration of tetrabutyl titanate in the hydrothermal solution, forming either bicrystalline or tricrystalline TiO2. The sample with the highest photoproduction of methane from CO2 (19.8 μmol per gcatalyst per h) showed a low activity in the photooxidation of phenol in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. Based on the results obtained, the crystal phase composition and microstructure of the PVDF–TiO2 greatly influenced the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. Electron spin resonance and XRD indicated a difference in Ti3+ content and this is believed to affect the rate of photodegradation of phenol. This study revealed that small, controlled changes in TiO2 phase and morphology on the electrospun PVDF produced photocatalytic membranes with distinctly different activities.


PURPOSE: A welding machine and a control method thereof are provided to improve welding quality by preventing noise, and to reduce repairing time and costs by remarkably reducing the amount of wirings. CONSTITUTION: A welding machine is composed of a welding machine body(100), a sire transferring unit(130), a second communication unit(120), a power line cable(110), and a welding torch(140). The welding machine body comprises a control unit and a first communication unit(104). The wire transferring unit comprises a wire transferring motor. The power line cable connects the first communication unit of the welding machine body with the second communication unit. The welding torch performs welding by receiving a welding wire from the wire transferring unit.


Significant changes in the 1979 food consumption pattern were caused not only by economic conditions and weather variations, but also by nutritional values and cyclical changes in beef production. The greatest substitutions occurred among beef, pork, and poultry consumption.


The fourth edition of the book, prepared by Professor R Zimmerman is a major revision of the third edition, involving a substantial reorganization and rewrite of sections, new chapters, and modernizing of the text and references. The book has perhaps reverted to earlier editions in that it focuses on fundamentals and does not address applications, nor the use of numerical codes.