The mathematical models of problems which are included in the complex of problems of designing of low-sensitive accelerating-focusing systems are considered. With this approach, the calculation of optimal control parameters is made taking into account possible deviations of their calculated values in real modes. To account for the sensitivity requirements, algorithms of practical stability for parametric systems in the space of sensitivity functions were applied. In the framework of the formulated problems, the equations of motion of particles in an accelerating voltage field in the absence of Coulomb interaction forces are investigated. The formulation of tasks for calculating the structure of an accelerator with optimal beam characteristics in dynamics in real modes is given. For the case of relay control, the original optimization tasks are reduced to the tasks of optimal selection of switching points in the presence of sensitivity requirements. Keywords: mathematical model, sensitivity, practical stability, parametric system, dynamic constraints Topicality. By solving optimization problems with the help of parametrization methods, problems of designing various complex systems are caused . In this case, the original control problem is reduced to a finite-dimensional nonlinear programming problem with respect to the parameters characterizing the transient process, the control functions and the structure of the control object. In practice, due to various types of physical and technological reasons, the values of real parameters always differ from the estimated (optimal), which leads to a change in the characteristics and quality of the system's operation. If the magnitude of the deviation of the characteristics will be quite large, then the system under study becomes generally inoperable. In this connection, the task of designing low-sensitivity (insensitive) control systems and calculating guaranteed sensitivity becomes relevant . It turns out that when designing real systems of sensitivity problems, they are closely associated with the formulation of problems of practical stability of parametric systems. The latter allows us to apply the practical stability algorithms in the corresponding function space . The specification of this approach is the tasks included in the task of designing low-sensitive accelerating-focusing systems for the equation of motion of particles in an accelerating voltage field without taking into account the forces of the Coulomb interaction. Analysis of recent research and publications. One of the directions of the development of the theory of stability is the numerical solution of stability problems on a finite period of time . Unlike other statements , the analysis of the stability of parametric systems  can significantly expand the range of problems to be studied and solve them numerically. In addition, such formations are an important component of the design of low-sensitivity control systems. The purpose of the research is to develop numerical methods for solving the problems of designing low-sensitivity accelerating-focusing systems by practical stability methods. Materials and methods of research. The paper uses methods of stability theory, sensitivity and structural-parametric optimization. Results of the research and their discussion. Let us consider one of the models of the equations of motion of charged particles of the form  Here the first two equations characterize the longitudinal motion, and the last two are transverse. − the amplitude of the longitudinal component of the stress of the accelerating field; , ,  − spatial coordinates of particles.  − a function that further provides focusing on radial coordinates;  −  wavelength of high-frequency field;  − the length of the accelerator. Sometimes, instead of an independent variable , a new dimensionless coordinate   is introduced. Then equations (1) acquire the form In  the equation of motion in planes , , they coincide, so instead of (2) it is expedient to simulate such a system of equations:  We formulate a sequence of tasks for calculating the structure of an accelerator with optimal beam characteristics in dynamics, taking into account real operating conditions. Task 1. Determine the parameters of the accelerator structure so that the capture of particles in the process of acceleration by phase and energy was maximal after given phase-energy spread of the beam at the end of the accelerator. Task 2. Given the radial vibrations for a particle beam, determine the structure of the accelerating-focusing system in order to obtain a minimum spread over the phase coordinates at the output and fulfill the requirements (restrictions) for the functions of sensitivity in the dynamics. Task 3. For a beam of trajectories for a given initial set of capture, find parameters of the accelerating-focusing system that minimize the sensitivity of the state vector to the interval of functioning. One of the optimization tasks will be to minimize the maximum deviation of the particles by energy from the given: For the case of relay control (4), the optimal selection of switching points      is reduced to the problem. This approach allows for the design of a low-sensitive accelerator system by solving the problem (1) and minimizing the maximum sensitivity  If the initial conditions are selected from a given set , then the switching points must be chosen in such a way as to minimize the functional  and perform sensitivity limitations on features, such as appearance The given problems belong to the class of problems of undifferentiated optimization , and restrictions (4) are taken into account by stability algorithms . Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The formulation of tasks of low-sensitive accelerating-focusing systems is formulated. For solving problems with limited sensitivity, algorithms for practical stability of parametric systems are proposed. This approach can also be implemented for other types of accelerator models and optimal control.


Dually residuated lattice-ordered monoids (DR`-monoids) generalize lattice-ordered groups and include also some algebras related to fuzzy logic (e.g. GMV -algebras and pseudo BL-algebras). In the paper, we give some necessary and sufficient conditions for a DR`-monoid to be representable (i.e. a subdirect product of totally ordered DR`monoids) and we prove that the class of representable DR`-monoids is a variety.


Chromatin is a highly dynamic structure regulated by different factors, such as ATP-dependent remodeling complexes, incorporation of histone variants, post-translational modifications, and histones chaperones. During the DNA damage response, the chromatin architecture must be transiently and locally modified in order to regulate access to the DNA lesion. Chromatin remodeling at double-strand breaks is necessary, and the recruitment of remodeler complexes such as INO80, SWI/SNF-BRG1-RSC, FUN30, as well as the SWR1/p400 has been observed. Post-translational modifications of histones, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation at sites of damage are also important to regulate the subsequent repair and cell cycle checkpoint activation/release. Moreover the H2A variant H2A.X is a well-documented player whose phosphorylation is a primary event to initiate the signaling cascade and stabilize the association of multiple factors.


Even though the world population growth rate has slowed from 2.1 percent per year in the late 1960s to 1.2 percent today the size of the world's population has continued to increase-from 5 billion in 1987 to 6 billion in 1999 and to 7 billion in 2011. Today most population growth is concentrated in the world's poorest countries-and within the poorest regions of those countries. In developing countries during the 20th century major improvements in public health the practice of modern medicine and immunization campaigns spread quickly particularly after World War II. Death rates dropped while birth rates stayed high. With health conditions improving so rapidly birth rates in developing countries did not have time to change as they did in Europe. This lag between the drop in death rates and the drop in birth rates produced unprecedented levels of population growth. These lengthy growth spurts resulted in the relatively new phenomenon of government policies aimed at lowering birth rates. Some governments such as Indonesia and Thailand were quite successful in lowering birth rates; many other governments have not been. In the case of developing countries a typical assumption is that birth and death rates will follow the path of demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low ones-mirroring the transition as it played out in developed countries. But when how and whether that actually happens cannot be known. When considering a population projection for a developing country several questions need to be posed. If fertility has not yet begun to decline signifi cantly when will it begin and why? This Population Bulletin looks at the four phases of the demographic transition as descriptive of past and future population growth. We highlight four countries to illustrate each phase and its implications for human well-being: Uganda (high birth rate fl uctuating death rate); Guatemala (declining birth and death rates); India (approaching replacement-level fertility); Germany (low or very low birth and death rates). (Excerpts)


In the last decade, the deployment of dense regional arrays such as the USArray transportable array has considerably improved our capacity to image the interior of the Earth.


In this note we consider the direct problem for LS with point like nonhomogeneous. The diagram technique allows us to classify all scattering diagrams and to describe wave structure of the LS solution.


The difference in virulence of two standard strains in colonizing seedling hypocotyle and fruit exocarp suggested thatmulti-locus control of this trait. Whereas, Strain ATCC18099 was unable to infect uninjured cucumber and Zucchini fruits, both strains had high virulence against seedlings. The inheritance mode of this trait was studied by tetrad and random ascospore analysis with ascospores obtained from reciprocal crossings between ATCC18098 and ATCC18099. Segregation of MAT and perithecial color was also examined in both types of ascospore analyses. The results of tetrad analysis indicated 4:4 segregation for the high virulence associated with strain ATCC18098 in each tetrad, suggesting a Mendelian mode of inheritance. In random ascospore analysis, chi-square test supported that progeny with and without high virulence segregated in 1:1 in each cross and linkage analysis showed that such trait segregated independently from either MAT or perithecial color trait.


This chapter examines the processes of ethnogenesis, the ways in which new human groupings came to be, and how they were categorized in colonial cultures. It emphasizes the search for factors contributing to their emergence, or non-emergence, as new peoples sharing belief in their own uniqueness, solidarity, and legitimacy. The chapter then focuses on Afro-Indian people, white captives and mestizaje. By putting mestizos outside both the Indian and the Spanish republics, Spain had made the behavioral correlates of mestizo identity indefinite, and, once mestizaje became advantageous, this slipperiness came back to haunt the law. Archaeological clues and the testimony of native or half-native historians suggest that migration, fission, incorporation, and alliance were taking place among indigenous peoples in the prehispanic scene. The increasing use of color and racial physiognomy was part of the enlightenment trend toward the rationalization and categorization of the physical world, which took on increasing importance in American social definitions.


Methods Due to the nature of the scoping review, literature from a range of published and unpublished sources will be utilized from 1995 to 2019. Databases to be searched will include: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science. Appropriate gray literature will be searched, alongside hand searching selected primary care journals, conference abstracts and professional and government bodies. Articles will be restricted to English. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria. Charting of the data will include details about the population, concept, context, study methods and key findings relevant to the review objective.


Isotopic Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide in Soil Gas in Utah for a More Accurate Input Variable in Groundwater Age Models Rachelle Hart Department of Geological Sciences Master of Science In order to achieve a more accurate input value for groundwater age determining models, δCVPDB values for soil gas were evaluated at 50 cm depths in locations throughout Utah in order to define correlations between δC and environmental parameters. 16 sites were chosen that exploited large changes in elevation and latitude which provided variations in climate, precipitation, plant community, etc. Gas samples were collected over 1-1 1⁄2 years, and soil samples were collected at depth during installations. Field and laboratory studies were also used to evaluate CO2 and δC change with depth. It was discovered that in mountainous recharge areas, the mean δC value was –21.8 ± 2.8‰ (2σ). Use of this value reduced the uncertainty in groundwater age models by close to half relative to the current assumed range of -13‰ to -28‰. One arid and one semi-arid site were located at Pilot Valley (mean -11.0‰ ± 2.0, 2σ) and the mouth of Cedar Canyon (mean -17.5‰ ± 0.8, 2σ). The high values at these locations may be due to low root respiration and low microbial activity rates caused by high temperatures, low precipitation, and low vegetation density. Correlations among environmental parameters and δC values were discovered with ANOVA, but the differences were small enough that for practical purposes they are insignificant.


Radial growth of trees is closely related to canopy activity. Revealing the relationship between radial growth and canopy activity is of great significance for forest protection under climate change. In this study, we built tree-ring chronologies for two tree species, spruce (Picea aspruceerata) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis), from the Helan Mountains in the arid region of northwest China. Correlation coefficients were then calculated to reveal the relationships among tree rings, two kinds of gross primary productivity (GPP) indices, and climate data. The results demonstrated that the radial growth of both spruce and Chinese pine was positively correlated with GPP from late February to early March, and moisture conditions may be the driving factor of tree growth. However, radial growth of Chinese pine was also correlated with GPP from the end of March to the end of August. This study aimed to further supplement the relationship between trunk radial growth and canopy dynamics in the arid zone of northwest China and to provide theoretical guidance for vegetation restoration and forest conservation in the arid zone of northwest China under climate change.


The standard model (SM) prediction for the CP-violating quantity εK=εK deviates from its measured value by 2.8σ. It has been shown that this tension can be resolved within the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) through gluino-squark box diagrams, even if squarks and gluinos are much heavier than 1 TeV. The rare decays KL → πνν̄ and Kþ → πþνν̄ are similarly sensitive to very high mass scales and the first one also measures CP violation. In this article, we analyze the correlations between εK=εK and BðKL → π0νν̄Þ and BðKþ → πþνν̄Þ within the MSSM aiming at an explanation of εK=εK via gluino-squark box diagrams. The dominant MSSM contribution to the K → πνν̄ branching fractions stems from box diagrams with squarks, sleptons, charginos, and neutralinos, and the pattern of the correlations is different from the widely studied Z-penguin scenarios. This is interesting in light of future precision measurements by KOTO and NA62 at J-PARC and CERN, respectively. We find BðKL → πνν̄Þ=BðKL → π0νν̄Þ≲ 2ð1.2Þ and BðKþ → πþνν̄Þ=BSMðKþ → πþνν̄Þ≲ 1.4ð1.1Þ, if all squark masses are above 1.5 TeV, gaugino masses obey GUT relations, and if one allows for a fine-tuning at the 1%(10%) level for the gluino mass. Larger values are possible for a tuned CP violating phase. Furthermore, the sign of the MSSM contribution to εK imposes a strict correlation between BðKL → π0νν̄Þ and the hierarchy between the masses mŪ, mD̄ of the right-handed up-squark and down-squark: sgn1⁄2BðKL → π0νν̄Þ − BðKL → π0νν̄Þ 1⁄4 sgnðmŪ −mD̄Þ.


Some experiments were conducted to simulate the deterioration of concrete under sodium sulfate and wet-dry cycle environment in order to reveal the damage mechanism of sulfate attack.The damage development was evaluated by apparent characteristics of attacked concrete,weight changes over erosion time,profile of sulfate ions in concrete,erosion depth,degradation of compressive and splitting tensile strengths with erosion time,and deformation over attacked time.The parameters' effects such as the mass fraction of sulfate solution and the attacked time on the damage accumulation were analyzed.According to the SEM images,the damage mechanism was achieved by analyzing the microstructures of deteriorated concretes at different erosion periods.Experimental results show that the damage of concrete under sodium sulfate and wet-dry cycle environment is caused by the expansion of chemical reaction products and crystallization of sodium sulfate.The weight,strengths and ductility of concrete increase with the increase of erosion time due to the filling effect of crystals at the beginning periods.However,with the increase of erosion time,the combined expansions of ettringite,gypsum and crystal of sodium sulfate decahydrate(Na2SO4·10H2O) accelerate the evolution of damage,which results in a reduction of concrete strength and increases of weight loss and brittleness.Compared with the compressive strength,the tensile strength is more sensitive to the sulfate attacked damage due to the superimposed effect of tensile stress.


The invention relates to a three-dimensional scanning device based on a flight time method. The three-dimensional scanning device comprises a main control unit, an inertia measurement unit, a data acquisition unit, an infrared LED projection unit, a storage unit, a wireless communication unit and a power management unit. The main control unit is connected with the wireless communication unit, the inertia measurement unit, the data acquisition unit, the infrared LED projection unit and the storage unit. The three-dimensional scanning device has the advantages of being small in size, high in accuracy, low in power consumption and the like, and can well meet the requirements of a depth image acquisition device for low cost and portability, and development of miniaturization and portability of the handheld three-dimensional device is promoted.


This paper describes some of the author's research involving students at the Institute of Distance and Continuing Education (IDCE), University of Papua New Guinea. The analyses focus on a few of the findings on the learners' perceptions of the implemented mathematics curriculum. The dimension for investigation is on the cultural and social variables that shape learners' perceptions during the process of enculturation and acculturation. Clearly, learners' perceptions have been influenced, to a large extent, by significant others, such as the media and other social variables. In an attempt to provide some remedies for the issues discussed in the paper, two approaches for a mathematics curriculum are recommended for implementation.


Background and aims: Inflammation is one of the defense mechanisms of body and unpleasant sensation of pain is caused by tissue damage. Mostly, inflammation occurs through the release of inflammatory mediators. Salvia officinalis is one of the most valuable medicinal kind of mint order. Salvigenin is one of the active flavonoids existing in this plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of salvigenin, Salvia officinalis flavonoid extracted. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, plant was extracted and the column chromatography was used to purify prepared extracts. 100 male albino mice and 48 male wistar rats were selected. In the hot plate test and in the writhing test, animals were divided randomly into 5 groups. Group 1 (received 10 mg/kg normal saline), groups 2, 3 and 4 (received Salvigenin 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally, espectively), group 5 (received 10 mg/kg morphine in hot plate test and 10 mg/kg indomethacin in writhing test). In the inflammatory test, animals were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 was assigned as a control group which received 0.05 ml of carrageenin. Groups 2, 3 and 4 (received Salvigenin, at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Group 5 (received 10 mg/kg indomethacin) and then changes of the volume of all groups were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test and PResults: In writhing test, Salvigenin reduced the number of abdominal contractions at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Increasing dose of Salvigenin, with reduction in abdominal cramps resulted in the increasing of pain inhibition, and the percentage of this inhibition was statistically significant (P<0.001). In hot plate test, also 30, 45 and 60 minutes after injection of Salvigenin and morphine showed significant difference compared to the control group (P<0.001). Also, Salvigenin increased the maximum percentage of analgesic compared to the control group (P<0.001). Salvigenin could reduce inflammation and in the group that received Salvigenin at 100 mg/kg, the inflammation was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Discussion: Our findings showed that Salvigenin has dose-dependent analgesic effect so that it can be useful in controlling of inflammations, acute and chronic pain.


Two significant protein isolation techniques (the Aqueous Extraction Process and the Membrane Isolation Process) were combined to obtain a new processing strategy for producing oil and protein food products from raw peanuts. Three varieties of peanuts were processed to obtain either a low-fat isolate or a full-fat product and an oil cream using aqueous extraction, centrifugation and industrial ultrafiltration membranes. Proximate and amino acid analyses and nitrogen solubility profiles were made on spray-dried products. Mean membrane permeation rates achieved exceeded 70 gallons per sq ft per day (gfd). Protein products possessed high nitrogen solubility, a bland taste, and were desirably light in color.


The spread of aquatic invasive plants is a major concern in several zones of the world's geography. These plants, which are not part of the natural ecosystem, cause a negative impact to the environment, as well as to economy and society. In Spain, large areas of Guadiana (the second-longest river in Spain) have been invaded by such plants. Among the strategies to address this problem, monitoring and detection play an important role to control the spatiotemporal distribution of the invasive plants. The main objective of this work is to develop a methodology able to automatically detect the geolocation of aquatic invasive plants using remote sensing and machine learning techniques. To this end, several classification algorithms have been applied to freely available multispectral satellite imagery, collected by ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite. A quantitative and comparative assessment is conducted using different machine and deep learning algorithms from classical methods, such as unsupervised K-means to supervised random forests and convolutional neural networks. This study also proposes a methodology for validating the obtained classification results, generating synthetic ground truth images based on available high spatial resolution imagery. The obtained results demonstrate the suitability of some of the considered algorithms for automatic detection of aquatic weeds in satellite images with medium spatial resolution.


We report the observation of the photonic de Broglie wave for a pair of photons, generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, that are not photon number-path entangled. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the photonic de Broglie wave is, in fact, not related to the entanglement of the photons, rather it is related to the indistinguishable pathways established by the measurement scheme.


In the article, it has been examined the peculiarities of the transition of the towns of the Carpathian region to sustainable development. It has been established that today the global level has a significant impact on the socio-economic situation of Ukraine and the Carpathian region in particular. It has also been found out that according to the Constitution of Ukraine, our state is defined as "social", which imposes certain obligations on it regarding strategic priorities of socio-economic development. However, sustainable development, which has three components, such as social, economic and ecological, is becoming of great relevance. It has been proved that social, economic and ecological components are the basis of economic potential both of the Carpathian region as the whole and of the towns that are part of the regions of this area. The main definitions of strategic management of sustainable development have been analysed. The features of strategic and operational management of sustainable development have been emphasized, and the main principles of strategic management of sustainable development have been described. This article describes the ratio of goals and means of economic development in the long-term run, which has been determined by the President of Ukraine. The analysis of indicators of the sustainable development of the Carpathian region has been carried out. The regulatory legal documents of the strategic management of the sustainable development of Ukraine and its regions have been clarified, and problems of the strategic management of sustainable development have been identified. It has been revealed that among the strategic regulatory legal acts the highest priority in terms of the sustainable development, in particular of the Carpathian region, belongs to the Strategy of the Sustainable Development "Ukraine-2020", which was approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 5/2015 dated January 12, 2015. The purpose of the Strategy is to introduce European standards of living in Ukraine, and the emergence of Ukraine into leading positions in the world. For this purpose, the movement forward will be conducted according to the following vectors. The first one is the vector of development, which means the provision of the sustainable development of the state, the implementation of structural reforms and, consequently, the improvement of standards of living. Ukraine should become the kind of state with a strong economy and advanced innovations. The next vector is the vector of security, which means providing security guarantees for the state, business and citizens, and protecting investments and private property. The vector of responsibility is to ensure guarantees that every citizen, regardless their race, skin colour, political, religious or other beliefs, gender, ethnic or social origin, property status, place of living, language or other characteristics, should have access to high-quality education, the system of health care and other services in the public and private sectors. The last one is the vector of pride, which is to ensure mutual respect and tolerance in society, the pride of its own state, its history, culture, science, and sport.


Temperature-dependent measurements of the resistivity of RuIn3 single crystals show a semiconducting behaviour, in contrast to previously published results (Roof et al 1986 Powder Diffr. 1 20; Pöttgen 1995 J. Alloys Compounds 226 59). In the high-temperature range the semiconducting gap was measured to be 0.4–0.5 eV. We observe an anisotropy of the resistivity along [110] and [001] orientations of the tetragonal single crystals. At low temperatures two activation energies of impurities were estimated to 1 and 10 meV. The temperature dependence of the specific heat and the band structure calculations also show a semiconducting behaviour of RuIn3.


A novel triple sided charged plasma (3SCP) device structure of a symmetric lateral bipolar transistor (SLBT) on silicon–germanium on insulator (SiGe-OI) is proposed. Charged plasma lateral bipolar transistor on SOI have many advantages especially in overcoming the thermal budget in addition to high gain and high speed for analog signal applications. In this paper we have carried out a systematic study of this novel 3SCP SLBT with uniform 0.3 Ge content in silicon and with linearly graded SiGe as the active device layer. With 3SCP SLBT having linearly graded SiGe as active device layer we were able to achieve a current gain > 104, fT > 200 GHz and fmax > 1130 GHz. We were able to demonstrate improvement in terms of current gain, fT and fmax by around 4.52, 2.55 and 2.07 times respectively with our novel design as compared to the conventional charged plasma symmetric lateral bipolar transistor (CP SLBT) having uniform 0.3Ge content in Silicon as active device layer. A complementary 3SCP symmetric lateral bipolar inverter with linearly graded SiGe as active device layer is also discussed for digital applications. The inverter shows switching voltage (VM) = 0.4616 V, low noise margin (NML) = 0.4302 V and high noise margin (NMH) = 0.4725 V when operated at 1.0 V.


The purpose of this study is to observe colour grading on cotton fabric from mixing henna with copper sulphated. To achieve the aim of the study was mixing the henna with copper sulphate (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7) respectively, and add 0.5 grams of sodium chloride salt as the installer, and have also been instances henna ratio to copper sulphate with used sodium chloride salt percentage change (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5). The result was getting different grades of Brown and greenish-Brown. And the results were compared with the resulting colour of henna and copper sulphate without mixing. Depending on the results of the study concluded that To obtain different grades of Brown and greenish-Brown by mixing different ratios of henna copper sulphate with sodium chloride salt. Keyword: Copper Sulphate, Cotton Fabric, Henna, Natural Dyes, Sodium Chloride.


Compensatory testicular hypertrophy in the frog was inhibited by i.m. injected testosterone propionate [57-85-2], methyltestosterone [58-18-4], or 17-ethynylestradiol [57-63-6] and unaffected by progesterone [57-83-0], doca [56-47-3], or hydrocortisone [50-23-7]. The effects of the steroids on testicular histol. are described. [on SciFinder(R)]


P2P is a new network model in recent years. Firstly, the principles, characteristics and several kinds of network models are discussed in this paper. Secondly, considering the campus network application, many problems which P2P technology can bring about are analyzed and finally several strategies are put forward for building the campus network.


A postharvest pathogen can start its attack process as soon as spores land on wounded tissue; other pathogens breach the unripe fruit cuticle, remain quiescent for months until the fruit ripens, and then cause major losses. Postharvest fungal pathogens initiate their development by secreting organic acids or ammonia, which acidify or alkalinize the ambient host environment, respectively. These fungal secreted molecules (SM) modulate the host environment and regulate an arsenal of enzymes in order to increase fungal pathogenicity under any specific conditions. Furthermore, accumulation of these SMs (organic acids and ammonia) is multifunctional and, together with their effect on the ambient pH, they activate virulence factors to further enhance their necrotrophic attack. Interestingly, similar arsenals of genes were detected in species with differing acidifying and alkalizing modes of attack. Recently, the mechanism of switching the acidification and alkalization processes was found to be regulated by the carbon levels present in the host. Based on this regulation process, it will be possible to foresee the fungal activation of acid- and/or alkaline-expressed genes and their contribution to pathogenicity.


Abstract The existing literature has focused on the exclusive relationship between institutional logics that are perceived as competing. The current study argues that multiple logics can co-exist in a blended relationship. The purpose of this study is to shed light on such a blended relationship between the alleged competing logics through the analysis of the institutional demands prescribed for artisan product innovation. A qualitative study with 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews as the main data source was conducted in Bát Tràng, a local artisan ceramic community in Hanoi, Vietnam. This exploratory study reveals that institutional logics show the mutual intersection of some attributes that pave for the existence of the blended relationship. In other words, the mutual intersection of two logics permits the agents to traverse such a blurry boundary between these two logics without incurring institutional conflicts. This study also offers future research agenda in an established literature of institutional logics.


The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay property of $^{215}\mathrm{Fr}$ has been studied by the pulsed-beam method, in which $^{215}\mathrm{Fr}$ was produced in the $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(^{12}\mathrm{C},\ensuremath{\alpha}2n)$ reaction and its $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decay was measured between natural beam bursts of the cyclotron. The ground state of $^{215}\mathrm{Fr}$ was found to decay with ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=9.355\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$ MeV and ${t}_{\frac{1}{2}}=0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ \ensuremath{\mu}sec. The reduced $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ width of $^{215}\mathrm{Fr}$ is shown to fit the systematical trend of $N=128$ isotones very well and to agree with the simple shell-model calculation. Distributions of recoil angles for reaction products in the ($^{12}\mathrm{C},\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{xn}$) reaction were found to be quite different from those for ($^{12}\mathrm{C},xn$) products, giving a convenient method of distinguishing these reaction products.


ULTRASONOGRAPHY of the eye aids the assessment and management of many ocular conditions, and is well tolerated by most dogs and cats. The principal indication for ocular ultrasonography is inability to see into the eye because of conditions affecting the cornea, anterior chamber or lens. Ultrasonography may also help to distinguish between various anterior segment entities that may appear similar ophthalmoscopically (eg, uveal neoplasm, iridociliary cyst and iris bombé), but which require quite different treatments. This article describes how to carry out ocular ultrasonography and, in the boxes on pages 606 to 610, provides a pictorial guide to a variety of abnormalities that may be diagnosed in companion animals using this imaging modality.


There are in the poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties lot of words of red and green,by which then man of letters,in the way of sprinkling method in painting,expressed their love and suffering conscientiousness so as to achieve the perfect aesthetic bourn of object,feeling and meaning.This paper has made a research on the connotations and the female aesthetic conscientiousness of man of letters in the Tang and Song Dynasties of words of red and green in the poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties.


The presence of moisture in masonry wails is always a direct or indirect source of damace: the aesthetics of the building, the performance of the materials and the in-door hvgrothermic conditions can heavily change when the moisture content exceeds the normal hygroscopic value. The determination of the moisture profile of the wail is essential for several purposes, particularly for a correct diagnosis of current pathology and for the evaluation of the effectiveness of water-repellent treatments and measures against rising damp. Furthermore quantitative methods, if anv, could provide the absolute values of moisture content necessarv both to: (i) calibrate indirect non destructive methods, like the electrical or the radar ones, the infrared thermography or others, (ii) be used as input values for the mathematical models for moisture transport. A calibration is also necessary for direct methods such as the eravimetric one when verv small quantities of the material are sampled; in fact different ways of sampling can significantly affect the accuracy of the measure. As a matter of fact sampling by chisel, core drilling or powder drilling, that is usually chosen according to the maximum allowed level of destruction, can influence the amount of water evaporation depending on the heating of the sampling tools. Moreover, even the precision of a direct method may varv when it is applied to materials with different porous structure, hardness and saturation level. The calibration of two techniques for measuring the moisture content is presented: the powder drilling and the calcium carbide. The tests are carried out followine some proposals for recommendation presented to the 127MS RILEM Committee by BRE, GB and TNO. Netheriand. The materials tested were new and historie bricks, soft and hard stones. The tests were carried out in laboratory and on site on phisical models and real historic buildings. The possibility has been checked also to assess moisture and salt profiles


In many fields there are many problems called inverse problems, which infer the reasons from the observations. The inverse problem of nonlinear diffusion equations plays a crucial role in the numerical simulation of reservoirs. This article constructs a conjugate gradient method to solve the inverse problem of a nonlinear diffusion equation within oil reservoir simulation. The numerical simulation is performed, and the results show the effectiveness of the method.


Biography Luis H. Favela is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Cognitive Sciences at the University of Central Florida. His research is both philosophical and empirical, residing at the intersection of the cognitive sciences, neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology. His primary research aim is to demonstrate the suitability of complexity science and dynamical systems theory to provide the appropriate theories and methods for investigating and understanding mind, where 'mind' includes behavior, cognition, and consciousness.


Our paper discusses the problem of intellectual security within the concept of economic development represented by the regional development. We argue that in today's complex world, intellectual security is becoming the leading factor of economic development. The paper discusses such issues as human capital, innovations, as well as intellectual potential. Moreover, we focus on the issue of intellectual security as a type of state security and contemplate on the problems of cyber security and cyber threats as those targeted against the individuals and often resulting in personal data breaches of the personnel. Our paper also mentiones the trends in intellectual security in the Russian Federation. Specifically, we look into the problem of brain drain from Russia, specifically the migration of leading highly qualiied researchers and scientists abroad. We discuss the impact of migration in general and intellectual migration in particular on the regional economic growth and development. Our results clearly show that the effects of the outflow of intellectual capital on economic development are fundamentally versatile and that under favorable economic and political conditions intellectual migration might play a positive role in the development of regions of origin and countries.


Detector tray (1) into which an X-ray detector (9) can be inserted, and which is designed such that it can be inserted from both sides in a mutually open detector loading slot (31), characterized in that it comprises a Anschlagbetatiger (15), the can be brought in response to the insertion of a X-ray detector (9) in an actuation of a stop of the detector loading slot (31) enabling actuation position and in response to the removal of the X-ray detector (9) in an actuation of the stop preventing rest position.


This is an interesting and exciting time in medicine. The confluence of high throughput molecular assay platforms, sophisticated informatics capabilities, and cloud computing have us poised for the advent of an era of medical therapy in which it will be possible to more precisely define which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment with a given drug or have the best benefit to risk profile and tailor therapy accordingly. Yet, even as we revel in the promise and future possibilities of precision medicine in cardiovascular disease, it is important not to lose our focus on what we can and should do for our coronary artery disease (CAD) patients today. Although it is true that the current process of developing and testing new therapies and resultant treatment recommendations has followed a "one-size-fits-all" approach, we have learned much about adherence to evidence-based medicine and performance improvement and their relationships to improved clinical outcomes at the population level.


How should the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) develop beyond 2020? This was the guiding question in a series of nearly 40 interviews with governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders from developed and developing countries. The interviews focused on stakeholders' perception on the strengths and weaknesses of the Strategic Approach and on options for enhancing SAICM beyond 2020. The results show almost universal approval of the voluntary, multi-stakeholder and multi-sectoral nature of SAICM. They highlight the need for further efforts to enhance implementation of the Strategic Approach, to increase participation of key sectors and stakeholders, and to prioritise action. There was widespread approval for a renewed overarching vision and a set of goals to achieve it, supplemented by suitable indicators to enable more stringent follow-up and review. The general need for an enhanced science-policy interface was widely acknowledged, but no clear model on how it should be designed became visible. More diverging views were held on financing. The results suggest a clear demand for enhancing SAICM based on its current strengths, and they reveal considerable room to manoeuvre through the intersessional process on SAICM beyond 2020.


The custom of utilizing water for irrigation is very closely related with the structure of the villages, especially so in the community in which rice-crop is the chief produce. Even in the village life unequality may be found, which has great deal to do with order and government of the villages. We can see a typical example in the village of "Rokuyaon".(1) "Rokuyaon" is a village situated on a tableland in Nara Basin. There in the village people rely on the "Iwai River", ponds or wells with a large natural flow for the water they use for irrigation. Still they cannot get enough water, and what is worse, they have drought frequently. Therefore, they have had quarrels or disputes to get their own cultivating fields well irrigated.(2) "Ban-sui", a group of persons that keeps watch and takes care of the water in the dry season, is the most striking feature of this village. This group consists of chiefs called "Mizu-oya" and subordinate groups called "Mizu-ko". Nine chiefs and nine minor groups make a unit which has to be on duty of keeping watch and taking care of the water once every three days.(3) "Mizu-oya" are major land owners of the village, while "Mizu-ko" minor ones. A tenant farmer is another existence. Thus there are three social classes in the village. "Mizu-oya" have the control over the utilization of water for irrigation. The water is to be allotted to each cultivated land according to the value (price) of the land. The rate of the allotment, however, varies with the change of "Mizu-oya" in charge.(4) "Mizu-oya" belong to the upper class of the village and have the command of economy and government of the village. The system of the utilization of water for irrigation constitutes the fundamental condition of the village life.(5) The villagers generally engage in agriculture in such a small way that many of them go for work to Nara city or some other places requiring labor when their labor becomes superfluous. The prosperity of commercial agriculture is checked by high ground-rent and by payment of rent in kind. In this village agriculture relies very much upon irrigating water, because rice or barley growing is the main branch of agriculture here.(6) The system of the utilization of water for irrigation, as I have stated, decides the structure of the village and at the same time constitutes the fundamental condition of the village life. This is the most striking feature of this village.


Genetically distinct and clinically relevant classification of hepatocellular carcinoma: putative therapeutic targets Katoh H, Ojima H, Kokubu A, Saito S, Kondo T, Kosuge T, Hosoda F, Imoto I, Inazawa J, Hirohashi S, Shibata T Background and aims: The biological aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the lack of optimal therapeutic strategies have rendered the disease a major challenge. Highly heterogeneous genetic alteration profiles of HCC have made it difficult to identify effective tailor-made molecular therapeutic targets. Therefore, classification of HCC into genetically homogeneous subclasses would be of great worth to develop novel therapeutic strategies.


The paper presents a technical solution to issue proxy certificate for grid end users using hardware and software token in grid systems. These tokens consist of user identity certificate and keys associated with the certificate. The discussion is initiated with the adoption of current solution; MyProxy as a generator of proxy certificate and credential repository for grid systems. Ongoing efforts are made towards improvising the security of MyProxy. As an alternative of these efforts, a new solution is proposed which will maintain grid workflow functionality without the requisite of MyProxy. The new solution offers minimum security administration which shall give competitive advantage in issuing proxy certificate for grid in Windows environment.


Abstract : The Panama Canal has in recent decades experienced increasingly heavier traffic volume and gross tonnage. These increased demands have contributed to serious structural deterioration of the tow track system used in the locks traffic was devised by Panama Canal Commission (PCC) engineers, and implementation was begun in 1981. Concern arose that the repaired tow track might not be resistant to continued deterioration. An evaluation of the structural integrity of the repaired track system was needed to assist in determining whether more comprehensive alternatives to the expensive repair procedure should be considered. In November 1981, the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station was funded by the PCC to conduct structural tests and analyses on the repaired tow track structure. The tests were conducted during March and April 1982 at the Miraflores Locks. Finite element analyses and supporting calculations were made and compared with test results. Although track system component stress levels documented in the tests were not critical, analyses suggest the development of progressive cycles of localized overstressing and subsequent redistribution of loads, the cumulative effects of which may eventually threaten areas of supporting concrete and certain track system components, especially tie sections. (Author)


This article traces the establishment of partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR) production in Venezuela and discuss its potential benefits to the country's agricultural sector.


By inserting a birefringence filter with FSR  =  100 GHz inside a hybrid mode-locked Er-doped fibre laser, we successfully generate ps to sub-ps optical burst pulses with the intra-burst pulse rate up to 400 GHz. Multiplication of the intra-burst pulse rate is attributed to a new effect analogous to rational harmonic mode-locking, which occurs due to the relative alignment of the cavity harmonic frequencies, the external phase modulation induced frequencies, and the filter-selected frequencies.


The stationary conditions of Radner are shown under relaxed conditions to be sufficient for the global optimum of the static team problem with convex cost. This extension of Radner's theorem establishes the global optimality of the optimal affine laws for the exponential of a quadratic performance index. A formulation of the team problem as a constrained parameter optimization problem simplifies the derivation of the necessary conditions for optimal affine team laws. The solution of this constrained problem expresses the optimal decentralized team control law as an explicit projection of the optimal centralized law for both the quadratic and the exponential of a quadratic performance indices.


The oxidative polymerization of aniline hydrochloride derivatives in water at low temperature is studied without lithium chloride. The resulting polymers have high molecular weight but the conductivity of the acid‐doped films is strongly dependent on the alkyl‐substituted chain at the 2‐positions. The root cause of the alkyl‐substitution effects is thoroughly investigated using density functional theory (DFT) methods (B3LYP using 6–1G(d,p) and 6‐311++G(2d,2p) basis sets). Internal structural changes observed on substitution appear to be more significant than a variety of electronic parameters measured using the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. Interplanar angles steadily increase on substitution, whereas ring orbital properties and the amount of ring delocalization remain fairly constant. An investigation into the extent to which lone pair–σ‐orbital overlap is affected by substitution indicates that increasing the steric bulk of the substituent reduces the ability of the lone pair to delocalize into the ring orbitals. However, the amount of overlap between the two is not adversely affected until the dihedral between them is > 30°, a situation that only occurs in i‐propyl and s‐butyl substitution. This finding is completely reflected in the experimental conductivity measurements.


The vision of personal communications networks and services that support personal and mobile operation in the many phases of our daily lives has been aggressively sold by market researchers and has been embraced by an enthusiastic user community. The question of how we are to plan and develop these services in the light of the current complexity of market, technology and standards has no consistent answer. The paper addresses the single issue of how satellite and terrestrial components of PCS can be integrated into the transparent and ubiquitous network vision that the marketeers and users have embraced. The paper addresses this issue by discussing the current functional architecture for PCS and looking at issues associated with each functional element and interface. These issues are summarized and recommendations are made for areas of cooperation among the satellite and terrestrial communities.<<ETX>>


Standardization has a strategic importance for the organization. The number of companies that have adopted ISO 9000 increased during the last years. According to the reports in CLUB 9000, in May 2010 there were 5,556 ISO 9000 certified companies in Bulgaria. There are no empirical studies in Bulgaria that investigate which companies decide to adopt ISO 9000. Using secondary data, this study builds a profile of ISO 9000 certified companies. The results show that companies with more resources, more foreign relations, higher degree of external regulatory pressure, and operations focus on high quality, not low price, have a higher probability of certification than the companies that do not have these characteristics.


SummaryThree insecticides, Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorpyrifos and phorate, were tested as compost additives to control the larvae of Otiorhynchus sulcatus in hardy-annual nursery stock. In two experiments, one tested a range of doses (20-100 g a.i. m-3 compost) in plants exposed to egg-laying adults for 20 weeks, and the other investigated the persistence of insecticidal activity. B. thuringiensis failed to control the larvae; phorate gave control up to early July but by August had also failed; chlorpyrifos-treated compost controlled larvae until mid-August and maintained partial control through September. Possible phytotoxic damage by chlorpyrifos is discussed.


A 59‐year‐old man is presented who had immunoblastic lymphadenopathy which evolved over a three‐year period into immunoblastic sarcoma. His course was complicated by vaccinia necrosum, which necessitated prolonged therapy with Marboran® and vaccinia‐immune globulin. The persistence of virus was documented at autopsy by positive viral culture and ultra‐structural examination. This case illustrates the potential hazards of administration of live viral vaccines to an immune compromised host presumed to be in remission and suggests that the continued activity of viral infection may signal the unsuspected persistence of underlying disease. Cancer 40:226–233, 1977.


The present invention discloses a document processing system and method, the method comprising: transmitting an instruction to the platform application software, operating abstract unstructured information; internet software receives the instruction from the application software, according to the instruction, wherein regardless of the stored information and the abstract unstructured data storage; the data stored operation information corresponding to the unstructured abstraction performed. Such a system and method of the present invention to the application layer and the data processing layer was separated, conducive Industrial Division, as well as to achieve beneficial effects operation document interoperability, interconnection of information resources and the like.


Abstract The increased education–related migration of Korean school-aged children has prompted educational policy makers to develop alternative sources of English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction. In response, so–called 'English villages' have been developed as a novel, though controversial, alternative to overseas English immersion. But reaction to the English village phenomenon has been mixed, with some questioning the ability of such programs to deliver on their ambitious mandates. The controversy has drawn the attention of prominent stakeholders both within and outside Korean EFL education. Among these, Stephen Krashen – a major figure in second language acquisition (SLA) theory and bilingual education policy – criticises English villages on several fronts. In doing so, however, not only does Krashen contradict his own theories (Krashen 1982, 1985; Krashen & Terrell 1983) but also he disregards the novel ways that English villages are attempting to reconstruct Korean EFL radically to meet the challenges of increasing globalisation (Kellner, 2004). This paper addresses each of Krashen's criticisms, and argues for a more holistic, sociocultural perspective (Lantolf, 2002) about English villages. Future research directions are also suggested.


There are several approaches to assess flood vulnerability as a proactive measure to reduce the risk of flooding. The indicator-based approach is primarily practiced from a policy point of view through the use of composite indicators. Composite indicators can be built from very easy to very complex and sophisticated methods. However, there are two complications that arise with this issue. On the one hand, the flood vulnerability index should be fairly simple, taking into account the interdisciplinary nature of various stakeholders involved in flood risk management. While on the other hand, addressing the issue of subjectivity or prejudice should be scientifically defensible. As there is no a single universally "best" methodological approach for the construction of composite indicator due to its data-specific nature for each individual study. The aim of this study is therefore to construct such an index of flood vulnerability that is not only intuitive to a variety of stakeholders, but also scientifically justified in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Therefore, the current study demonstrated a detailed procedure to construct the flood vulnerability indices through different methodological approaches of data rescaling, weighting, and aggregation schemes, along with a fairly simple approach for robustness. For this purpose, data was collected through different (official) portals for the nine highly flood-prone districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was found that the weighting schemes had a greater influence on the flood vulnerability ranking of the selected districts compared to data rescaling and aggregation schemes. The simple model, which is the frequently using approach of building composite indicators in scientific community, was found to be appropriate for the selected data. The methodology adopted in the study can provide decision-makers and relevant authorities with a practical tool to identify and prioritize certain vulnerable areas and measures to mitigate current flood vulnerabilities while preparing for future flood risk mitigation in the province through a fairly simple and methodologically defensible approach.


These posters were created to encourage BU students to ask a librarian for help with research, an essay, or another assignment.


Reinforced angioplasty balloon having an external elastic sheath. The elastic sheath maintains, along its length, a substantially uniform circular cross-section during balloon inflation and forces a deflated balloon into a compacted, substantially circular, wingless profile.


This paper proposes using the SIMULINK toolbox in Matlab to analyze and check the nonlinear control system.According to the non-linear system mathematical model,SIMULINK toolbox can be directly used to build simulation model and proceed with the simulation study.This method can flexibly change the system structure and parameters,making the non-linear system performance analysis very simple and convenient;the analysis of system response curve helps to point out the way of improving the performance function of non-linear control system.


Fruit growth dynamics of Cypripedium japonicum Thunb.at different development stages after pollination were observed and analyzed.And seed viability and embryo development process were also studied by TTC and normal paraffin section methods,respectively.The observation results show that morphological mature time of C.japonicum fruit is about 110 d,in which,after pollination,0-20 d is the first fast growth period,20-30 d is the first slow growth period,30-50 d is the second fast growth period and 50-110 d is the second slow growth period.Growth dynamic changes of vertical and horizontal diameters of C.japonicum fruit are similar but dynamic growth curve of horizontal diameter is gentler than that of vertical diameter,and fruit vertical and horizontal diameters at morphological mature stage are 48.87 and 13.59 mm,respectively.The mature seeds are consisted of endopleura,exopleura and sphere embryo without endosperm,and air cavity exists between endopleura and exopleura.While,abortive seeds only possess endopleura and exopleura,without sphere embryo.The embryo development type of C.japonicum is caryophyllad type,and the time from forming zygote after fertilization to developing the mature sphere embryo is about 95 d.During development stage of seed embryo,the first unequal transverse fissure of zygote forms basal cell and terminal cell.Basal cell develops into suspensor cell with highly vacuolated,which does not further divide and degenerate and disappear gradually.Terminal cell is not involved in suspensor forming and finally forms sphere embryo through mitosis.The inner integument develops into one layer of impermeable endopleura clunged to embryo at seed mature stage.Dynamic growth changes of vertical and horizontal diameters of seed embryo are similar,and vertical and horizontal diameters of mature sphere embryo are 208.71 and 106.19 μm,respectively.Seed viability of C.japonicum is higher with 56% viable seeds.According to these research results,it is conjectured that germination rate of C.japonicum seed is low under natural state,which relates to compact seed coat,smaller embryo and nutritional components deficiency due to no endosperm.


Because CEO turnover events provide the board of directors with a unique opportunity to potentially completely restructure CEO compensation packages, changes to CEO compensation following a turnover event could prove to inform the ongoing debate regarding CEO compensation. This paper investigates what happens to CEO compensation when a turnover event occurs. Specifically, I examine CEO compensation levels and pay-performance sensitivity for incoming and outgoing CEOs involved in turnover events at public companies in the United States. My main findings are as follows: (1) incoming CEOs are paid as much as or more than those they replace, (2) outsider replacements are paid more than their predecessors even after controlling for education and skills, and (3) CEOs who are forced out are not paid differently from those who replace them, while CEOs who leave voluntarily are paid significantly less than their replacements. Further analysis reveals that proxies for managerial power including CEO tenure, CEO centrality, founder status, and high CEO ownership cannot explain these results. Overall, these findings are difficult to reconcile with the view that managerial power is the primary determinant of CEO compensation.


Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a new technique that can be used to measure indirectly the in situ volumetric moisture content of soil. A growing body of research has been conducted in providing a variety of prediction equations to estimate the volumetric moisture content using the dielectric constant calculated from the apparent length obtained from the TDR reader. However, limited research has been conducted to determine which of several available procedures should be used to obtain the apparent length of the TDR response to be used in calculating the dielectric constant. As a result, evaluating which procedure yields the most accurate assessment of the volumetric moisture content of soils is the object of this paper. There are five known methods of analyzing the apparent length of TDR responses. They are the method of tangents, method of peaks, method of diverging lines, alternate method of tangents, and the Campbell scientific method. Twenty-eight soil samples, from the FHWA seasonal monitoring program, were obtained throughout the United States and Canada and used in a laboratory study. Three levels of moisture and five levels of compaction were initially planned for use with each soil sample. A total of 361 data points were eventually obtained and used to analyze each method. The method of tangents proved the most accurate method of estimating the volumetric moisture content. Current studies are ongoing to provide improved multiple regression models to estimate the volumetric moisture content on highway soils.


In this study, a comprehensive model for the IBP process in agitated reactors was developed based on the reaction mechanism by Vasilenko et al. 2010, and takes into account the reaction rate kinetics for initiation, propagation, chain transfer, and chain termination steps as well as the mixing effects. The model coupled the mass balance equations for each reaction step with those of the segregated zones model for micro- and macro-mixing effects by Villermaux 1989, and was numerically solved by Matlab. The model was then used to predict the effect of various operating variables on the IBP process performance, in terms of the three main metrics: monomer conversion (X), number average molecular weight (Mn) and polydispersity index (PDI).
In the absence of mixing, our model was used to carry out sensitivity analyses to quantify the effects of the reaction rate constants of the initiation (ki), propagation (kp), chain-transfer (ktr) and chain termination (kt) steps on the three main performance metrics. The model predictions led to: (1) Increasing ki was found to have negligible effect on the three main IBP process performance metrics; (2) Increasing kp increased X and Mn and decreased PDI; (3) increasing ktr the increased X, but decreased Mn and PDI; and (4) Increasing kt deceased X and Mn, and increased PDI.
In the presence of mixing, and at given kinetic rate constant, the model was used to conduct a parametric study to determine the effect of mixing on the IBP process performance. Eight different cases, four poor and four good mixing conditions, reactor type, and impeller type as well as design, were considered, and their effects on the three main IBP process performance metrics were investigated. The model predictions led to: (1) Mixing controls the IBP process performance due to its inherently fast reaction kinetics; (2) Mixing time and impeller type significantly affected the required mixing speed; (3) all model predictions underscored the importance of good mixing in the cationic IBP process; and (4) our model was able to predict the IBP process performance metrics and the required mixing speed in agitated reactors provided with different impellers.


BSAVA MANUAL OF CANINE AND FELINE ONCOLOGY, 2nd edn Jane M. Dobson, and B. Duncan X. Lascelles. 352 pages, paperback, £80 Quedgeley, BSAVA. 2004 ISBN 0 905214 69 2

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THIS second edition of the 'Manual of canine and feline oncology', 12 years


This research adopts stratified sampling with random sampling methods and uses household survey of one-to-one interview. It makes the large-scale continuous tracking study to estimate the income of 913 staff families which in state-owned forest zone of Heilongjiang Province and contrast the difference before and after the national nature forest protection program in 1997, 2004 and 2007. Based on the large-scale empirical mvestigation, this article uses SPSS statistical analysis system to analyze the current situation and problems of the staff mcome. And this article mainly proposes the strategies to improve the current existent situation of states-owned forest staff: via to develop the economy of forest zone to enlarge employment and reemployment; to change the employment conceptions, and to strengthen the traming for professional skills; to perfect the reform of property and to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of staff; to enlarge the investment of productivity, to develop non-public sector economy and to increase the staff income. With the national nature forest protection program practicing, the staff income of the state-owned forest zone has increased to a certain extent. But state-owned forest development policy doesn' t pay enough attention to the low-waged population. The gap between the staff average mcome and national town average income becomes extremely deep. The result of research shows that: the average staff income of the state-owned forest zone of Heilongjiang Provmce has increased to a certain extent in 7 years from 1997 to 2004. But the mcreasmg extent is lower than village level, except for mflation. Although the staff income level in 2007 increases to a large extent, their average mcome is 8439 Yuan lower than town average mcome, and only 1207 Yuan higher than village population. Because the living expense of forest staff is higher than village population, their income only equals to village residents, even less than them [ll. So, only when we take various measures to increase the staff income can improve the poor situation and make poor mto rich and then realize the stridmg development of forestry. Therefore, scholars m various countries carry on research which adapts to the political and economic system of native country in order to mcrease the staff mcome and improve the existential status. Meanwhile, they conduct extensive and deep research on the public investment of government, the property right reform of forest and the development of community forestry. First, on the public investment of government, based …


Purpose – This paper, written by leading brand experience consultants, aims to describe how disruptive innovation occurs for experience offerings.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a case study review of major disruptive experience innovators over the past 30 years.Findings – The paper reveals that, different from manufacturers of goods and deliverers of services, experience stagers who were successful in disrupting their markets did not focus on the functional job to get done or on convenience. Instead, they concentrated on the emotional and social jobs to get done and on increasing time well spent by the customer.Practical implications – Companies seeking to create meaningful experiences for their clients should not focus primarily on functional innovation and convenience. Companies should invest more in understanding the emotional and social jobs customers want to get done, creating the proper sequence of events that stages the experience, and delivers on promises made.Originality/value –...


Feeding experiments have been carried out on animals to determine the content of vitamins in yeasts on the market (Enzeima, Ebios, Peerless Yeast, Autozyme). The results obtained are: - Enzeima and Ebios contain vitamin B-complex in large amounts, whereas nearly none of vitamin A; Enzeima and Peerless Yeast contain no vitamin C; Enzeima contains vitamin D, whereas Ebios and Autozyme contain none of it, by irradiation, however Enzeima, Ebios and Autozyme develop a remarkable antirachitic potency.


We present results of a field demonstration of the computed tomography imaging spectrometer (CTIS). The CTIS was used to collect a sequence of image cubes of a missile in flight. This instrument is based on computed-tomography concepts and operates in the visible spectrum. Raw image data was recorded at video frame rate and an integration time of 2 msec. An iterative reconstruction of the spatial and spectral scene information from each raw image took 10 seconds. We present representative missile tracking-by- spectrum results.


The structure dependent impedance of conductive magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) under different loads and magnetic fields has been studied in this work. By increasing the weight fraction of iron particles, the conductivity of the MREs increased. Dynamic mechanical measurements and synchrotron radiation x-ray computed tomography (SR-CT) were used and they provided reasons for the electrical properties changing significantly under pressure and magnetic field stimulation. The high sensitivity of MREs to external stimuli renders them suitable for application in force or magnetic field sensors. The equivalent circuit model was proposed to analyze the impedance response of MREs and it fits the experimental results very well. Each circuit component reflected the change of the inner interface under different conditions, thus relative changes in the microstructure could be distinguished. This method could be used not only to detect the structural changes in the MRE but also to provide a great deal of valuable information for the further understanding of the MR mechanism.


Object:The best preparation technology of Ginseng Astragalus health drink was optimized.Method:The main influential factors of preparation technology included the quantity of extracted solution,sugar and citric acid.The preparation effect was evaluated with the juice's smell,appearance and taste.The optimal preparation technology of Ginseng Astragalus health drink was selected by central composite design-response surface methodology.Results:The best preparation condition was as follows:the quantity of extracted solution,sugar and citric acid was 40%(the relative density was 0.90,60~80 ℃),10.5% and 0.2% respectively.Conclusion:The optimized preparation technology by central composite design-response surface methodology is simple,convenient,stable and feasible.


Because of the high prevalence of hormone use and reproductive surgeries in Western women natural menopause is a less frequent condition. Our aim was to examine the influences of hormonal and other factors on timing of cessation of menses. We analysed population controls of a German case-control study on breast cancer risks. The sample comprised N=829 women without hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy. We estimated the risk for the occurrence of last menses by Cox proportional hazard modelling. For calculating hazard rate ratios (HRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) women with menstrual cycles up to one year before interview were censored at that age. Median age at cessation of menses was 50 years (inter-quartile range 47–53 years). A significant later cessation of menses resulted from oral contraceptive use (HRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.93 for up to 10 years), and hormone therapy use until last menses (HRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.47–0.70). Also, thyroidal medications were associated with a delayed cessation of menses (HRR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.96 for more than 10 years of use). Smoking until at least two years before last menses and allergies revealed an earlier cessation of bleedings (HRR 1.50, 95% CI 1.22–1.83 and HRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.53 respectively). Natural menopause is difficult to determine. Factors affecting the ovaries or the endocrine system can modulate timing of menopause. Endocrine biomarkers should be additionally taken into account when defining menopausal status.


Impulsivity is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD), and it has even been suggested as a possible cognitive endophenotype of the disorder. Response inhibition is a way to test impulsivity behaviorally. Adults with BD exhibit altered response inhibition in the context of emotionally salient information; however, more studies are needed to determine to what extent youth at risk for BD exhibit altered response inhibition in emotionally salient context. We use the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), Affective Go/No-Go Task (AGN) to measure response inhibition in the context of emotionally salient information, and hypothesized that in comparison to controls, at-risk BD youth will show altered response inhibition on the AGN task.

Results indicate younger BD offspring exhibit more commission errors than controls, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses were not driving the results. Our finding supports response inhibition as a marker of risk for BD or future psychopathology; however, current findings suggest this effect occurs in younger at-risk BD youth.


With the rapid development of clinical laboratory technology and clinical improvement,the discordance between department of microbiology and clinical departments got more and more.Based on the analysis of interface issues existed between them,we discussed and explored how to do a wonderful job to communicate with each other.(Chin J Lab Med,2013,36:375-376)

Key words:
Clinical laboratory information systems; Hospital departments; Microbiological techniques; Communication


Fine structures observed in the auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) and in the Jovian decametric radiation (DAM) show remarkable similarities to fine structures in discrete VLF emissions. The feedback model of Helliwell for discrete VLF emissions is modified to apply to ARK and DAM. An important constraint on the model is that the frequency drift must be close to that characteristic of a propagating electron radiating at its cyclotron frequency. For DAM the model fits satisfactorily with the observational data. For AKR it seems necessary to assume that the basic fine structure is unresolved and that the reported fine structures are envelopes of these basic structures drifting at a rate associated with the exciting agency, which is presumed to be a localized parallel electric field. It is argued that these basic fine structures may be drifting rapidly at a rate proportional to the parallel electric field (provided it is >0.1 mV m−1) and that their bandwidth, determined by the relativistic velocity spread, should be less than ≅ 1 kHz. Triggering of AKR by type III bursts can be explained naturally in terms of the model.


The dynamic hydraulic drawing simulation is a valid method that reduces costs, increases quality and discovers hydraulic forming process problems.The simulation process of hydraulic drawing for spiral bottom brake shell parts with space surface feature was investigated and the optimal processing parameters were acquired by using Dynaform software. The results showed that model approaches, model methods, meshing and parameters setting were the foundation of hydraulic drawing simulation and the optimized control of holder force and fluid pressure were the key factors for preventing defects during hydraulic deep drawing. Meanwhile, the suitable blank shape was found good for reducing the defects of Wall Thickness Unevenness and oral flange earing, etc.


Bond lengths and bond angles of hydrocarbons and of organic molecules containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur have been investigated by the extended-Huckel method in its improved ASED (atom superposition and electron delocalization) form. We have examined in detail bond lengths and bond angles of hydrocarbon -aliphatic, conjugated, rings, and aromatic – and we have also studied reaction enthalpies. Both properties can be calculated resonably well, if a small adjustment of the parameter k in the distance dependent Wolfsberg-Helmholz formula is accepted. We have also found that moderate contraction of the usually applied 2s-oxygen, the 2s-nitrogen, and the 3s-sulfur Slater exponents is sufficient to obtain astonishingly good geometries for important classes of organic molecules containing these elements. The three-membered rings (CH2)2X(X CH2, NH, O, and S) which have attracted much interest and stimulated theoretical studies have been investigated, and we have found that their geometries can be reproduced nicely. It is important that geometry calculation of the investigated molecules can be carried out without losing transparency and well established prediction capabilities of the original EHMO procedure. The extended-Huckel method in its improved ASED form is, therefore, a useful tool for combining the information of EHMO results with good geometry calculation.


SUMMARYThe study has been concerned with the characteristics of girls (45 subjects) who have shown asocial sexual behaviour. The analysis has been based on comparison with a control group.The main characteristics of the members of the experimental group as regards social factors were the following. 1. They had lost their mother more often than the members of the control group.2. Father and/or mother were more often asocial, alcoholic, or sexually ill-mannered.3. Their parents and their educational environments had been changed very often.The findings in the Four-Picture-Test (Dr. v. Lennep, Utrecht) may be summarized as follows. 1. Affective factors have greater influence upon the manner of combination and the extent of stories in the experimental population than in the control group.2. The experimental subjects have more often chosen a young man or boy as a hero of the story.3. Asocial themes appear more frequently.4. Their stories display greater emotional lability, aggressiveness, intra-aggressiveness,...


The entropy noise mechanism was experimentally investigated under clearly defined flow and boundary conditions on a dedicated test setup. Previous experimental research on the topic of entropy noise could draw only indirect conclusions on the existence of entropy noise due to the complexity of the physical mechanism. In order to reduce this complexity, a reference test rig has been set up within this work. In this test rig well controlled entropy waves were generated by electrical heating. The noise emission of the entropy waves accelerated in an adjacent nozzle flow was measured accurately and therewith a qualitative and quantitative determination of the entropy noise source mechanism could be experimentally accomplished. In addition to this, a parametric study on the quantities relevant for entropy noise was conducted. The results were compared to a one-dimensional theory by Marble & Candel. In a next step investigations on a combustor test rig showed a broadband noise generation mechanism in the frequency range between 1 and 3.2 kHz. The combustor rig was set up with a similar outlet-nozzle geometry like the reference test rig (EWG) and provided therefore outlet-boundary conditions like in real-scale aero-engines (outlet Mach number = 1.0). It was found that this broadband noise has a strong dependency on the nozzle Mach number in the combustor outlet. The summed-up broadband sound pressure level increases exponentially with the nozzle Mach number. However, investigations of comparable cold flow conditions did not show this behavior. Since the results of the reference experiment with artificially generated entropy waves did not show this exponential increase with the nozzle Mach number, this leaves the conclusion, that this additional noise is generated by the interaction of small-scale fluctuations, e.g. in entropy or vorticity, with the turbulent nozzle flow in the combustion chamber outlet nozzle.


The integrated model of echo laser pulse (ELP) of a target with arbitrary shape is studied under the condition of the ELP affected by target and atmospheric turbulence simultaneously. The ELPs of two typical targets (a plane and an aspherical surface) are employed to test the validity of the model by analytical expression. Based on simulations of the ELP under different targets and atmospheric turbulence intensity, the results show the ELP of a target with complicated surface is more easily affected by atmospheric turbulence than that with simple surface. Besides that, we study the relationship between the number of grids and the relative error of analytical expression, which is of interest to obtain the optimal number of grids used in the simulations.


Introduction: Acne scars are largely preventable complications of acne. 95% of the scars occur over the face thus impacting the quality of life. Correction of scars is the priority for acne patients. there is no single treatment modality that has been shown to be universally effective. Microdermabrasion (MDA) with infusion;  A recent advances in MDA technology combine exfoliation with dermal infusion. During this process, topical products are delivered into the skin at the time of or immediately after exfoliation. Aim of the work: Evaluation of efficacy of diamond  microdermabrasion with topical vitamin  C in treatment of acne scars. Patients and Methods: Ten patients with post acne atrophic facial scars attending the  outpatient clinic of  Dermatology in Sohag University Hospitals between April 2018 to September 2018 were offered  six diamond  microdermabrasion sessions plus topical  vit. C (during the session of diamond  microdermabrasion and daily topical application in between sessions) diamond  microdermabrasion sessions were two weeks apart. They were evaluated  at each session and one month after completion of sessions for both efficacy and safety of the procedure. Results: The mean ± SD of the patients' age in the study population were26.00 ±5.81years  old nine females and one males with mean acne  scars duration ± SD7.45±4.73 years , 80%% of patients had psychological distress from their acne scars. At the end of study duration none of the  patients  achieved  grade reduction in their Goodman and Baron qualitative grading score and 100% of patients had poor ( <25%) satisfaction. Conclusion: Multiple diamond  microdermabrasion sessions with topical vitamin C during sessions and daily application is an ineffective treatment for post-acne atrophic scars


Future Intelligent Environments will feature fixed and mobile display screens with socially-aware virtual embodied agents. This paper addresses the potential of virtual embodied agents to generate ...


This research investigated whether the amount of telepresence fill light required for a well-lit appearance was enough to cause discomfort glare. Thirty participants adjusted the output of two fill lights, one in front of them (focusing on discomfort), and one in front of the remote telepresence user (focusing on appearance). Ambient light levels (48–71 lux, 118–130 lux, 269–281 lux) and fill-light positions (top of display, 30.5 cm higher) were varied. For all conditions, the amount of light required to produce a pleasing portrayal was greater than the point of discomfort. The mean discomfort threshold was the same for all ambient light conditions (663.46 cd/m2, 8.44 lux at 2.44 m). The amount of light that produced a well-lit appearance was about the same for dim and moderate ambient light (3,348.65 cd/m2, 51.61 lux at 2.44 m), but lower for bright (1,204.47 cd/m2, 17.81 lux at 2.44 m). Raising the light did not affect discomfort, but did require more light for a well-lit portrayal. Technology providers should consider collocating the fill light with the display, limiting its luminance to 663.46 cd/m2 for low-light environments similar to this research, and raising or lowering that limit as the background luminance changes.


Although NoSQL has some new features to address the query bottleneck of big data, the hybrid solution of relational database and NoSQL will last for a long period. Therefore, recent researches focus on the data migration issue from relational database to document stores. However, there are few publications on live data migration in parallel. In this paper, we attempt to address this old problem using new MapReduce framework. The process of migration consists of log-based change data capture, merging of changed data, and blocking and transformation. We utilise predicate logic of mathematical relation and QVT relations to describe the mapping rules clearly. Finally, our experimental evaluation of log-based blocking and transformation with MapReduce shows the higher effectiveness and efficiency than current methods.


This paper is a review of studies published during the last several years on exercise effects on overweight, growth, chronic illnesses, depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Although the lion's share of the research involves aerobic exercise, studies on yoga and tai chi are also reviewed. Following exercise, body mass index and lipid profiles have improved in overweight children, and those with asthma, diabetes and depression have also benefited from exercise. The yoga studies reviewed here focused on ADHD and anxiety, and the tai chi studies involved children with ADHD and asthma. A potential underlying mechanism for the positive effects of exercise, yoga and tai chi may be the stimulation of pressure receptors leading to increased vagal activity, decreased stress hormones and increased production of anti-pain and antidepressant neurotransmitters such as serotonin. Further studies are needed using convergent behavioral, physiological and biochemical measures. Nonetheless, the current literature highlights the importance of adding exercise programs to clinics, schools and families for the physical and psychological well-being of children and adolescents. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Data from recent studies on children's exercise suggest that approximately 40% of school-age boys and 60% of girls have not been experiencing the recommended 1 h per day of moderate intensity physical activity.1,2 These studieshighlightpositive effects of exercise on several conditions including overweight, chronic illnesses, depression and anxiety (see Table 1 for an overview of those reviewedhere). Although the lion's share of the research has focused on aerobic exercise, yoga and tai chi studies are also reviewed.


Abstract A new species of Palaeechinus, and the first certain member of that genus from North America, is described and several unusual features of its test noted. The apical disc of the specimen is extremely well preserved.


Based on the complexity of functional anatomy, a small infarction in the medulla can produce various types of clinical symptoms or signs depending on the location of this infarction. We describe the case of a 46-year-old man who presented with sudden onset of body lateropulsion to the left side and numbness of the ipsilateral fingers. 3-tesla diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with a section thickness of 2 mm revealed a small infarction in the dorsal part of the left middle medulla. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing vestibular dysfunction apparent upon otoelectrophysiological examination but without vestibular symptoms or signs except for body lateropulsion.


Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide. Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at increased risk for suicide. Current clinical practice for assessing this psychosomatic state are mainly based on self-report and expert evaluation, which risking a range of subjective biases. We investigate a number of task-elicited facial features from Chinese subjects for MDD detection. Moreover, we collect the data from Kinect, which make us achieve a good detection result with low time and space consumption. Experiments are performed on an age, gender and education level matched clinical dataset of 36 MDD patients and 36 healthy controls (HCs). We can get three points from the experimental results: 1) We have presented a simple and objective means for MDD detection, and the average classification accuracies (female: 71.5%, male: 66.7%) are all much higher than chance level. The best classification accuracies (female: 86.8%, male: 79.4%) are achieved during video watching task. 2) Neutral emotion stimulus is a better choice for data collection than positive and negative valences. 3) Eyebrows and mouth have more contributions than other parts of a face in neutral emotion valence. These findings suggest that detecting MDD from facial indicators is feasible, and we provide effective emotion stimulus and facial features.


The invention discloses a polymer chromium stabilizer, as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. Alkyl polyoxyethylene ether and butanedioic anhydride are taken as raw materials, so as to prepare a green and environment-friendly polymer chromium stabilizer free of phosphorus and nitrogen, wherein the molecular structure contains four functional groups of alkyl, ether, ester and carboxyl; the ester and the carboxyl have excellent effects on chelating heavy metal chromium ions while the alkyl and the ether can promote combination of chelate and soil particles to play a good stabilizing effect. The invention also discloses an application method of the stabilizer. Hexavalent chromium is restored by using slag by collaborative use of cheap and available slag, bottom mud and kieselguhr, and chromium is further adsorbed by using the bottom mud and the kieselguhr, so that the remediation effect of first restoration and then stabilization is achieved.


The present work aims to evaluate the fiscal policy impact on the open economy variables, including the exchange rate. In order to do this, it is used an DSGE model with external sector for Brazil, having Grith (2007) as a basis. This approach has significant advantages compared to the existing literature, such as: (i) the presence of a fiscal authority; nominal rigidity of prices and wages; (iii) a Taylor Rule, consistent with a Inflation Targeting system; and (iv) the possibility to evaluate the impact of shocks generated in the foreign country in this case, the United States under the local economy. The results of the estimated model suggest that among consumption, wage, capital taxations and government expenditures, the fiscal policy that has the biggest effect on the external sector variables is the last one. Furthermore, the monetary policy causes the greatest effect on the exchange rate. Key-words: DSGE models. Bayesian estimation. Exchange rate. Open economy. Fiscal policy. JEL code: E62; C11. Area: Macroeconomia, economia monetaria e financas.


Abslract. The magnetic-field-inducd mixed phase of the metamagnet FeC12 gives rise to reduced Vansmittivity of circularly polarized light. Within the framework of the diffraction theory of thin random magnetic phase gratings and the assumption of fielddepndent refractive indices of the antifmamagnetic domains the field dependence of the transmission is perfectly modelled.


South African commercial and production pottery is a highly neglected field of research. In this article I focus on reproductions of San rock paintings on domestic crockery produced by Grahamstown Pottery's Drostdy Ware in the 1950s. At first glance, Drostdy's Bushman wares appear to resemble cliched copies of Helen Tongue's (1909) reproductions. It is argued that Drostdy's Bushman wares offer a partial reflection into the complex, evolving and frequently contradictory public sentiment of the 1950s regarding the provenance of San rock art; its raison d'etre; its public profile in the media, literature, popular fiction, scientific literature, the arts, festivals and exhibitions. This article contends that Drostdy's Bushman wares both espoused and contested contemporary realities. The interstitial agency of Drostdy's Bushman wares was asserted via the triangulation of textual markings on their bases; iconography and design; and compounded by their relative quantitative "weight". These wares challenge the political neutrality or complicity of much contemporary South African art and craft production.


The water channeling and excess water production led to the decreasing formation energy in the oilfield. Therefore, the combined flooding with dispersed particle gel (DPG) and surfactant was conducted for conformance control and enhanced oil recovery in a high temperature (100-110°C) high salinity (>2.1×105mg/L) channel reservoir of block X in Tahe oilfield.
 This paper reports the experimental results and pilot test for the combined flooding in a well group of Block X. In the experiment part, the interfacial tension, emulsifying capacity of the surfactant and the particle size during aging of DPG were measured, then, the conformance control and enhanced oil recovery performance of the combined flooding was evaluated by core flooding experiment. In the pilot test, the geological backgrounds and developing history of the block was introduced. Then, an integrated study of EOR and conformance control performance in the block X are analyzed by real-time monitoring and performance after treatment. In addition, the well selection criteria and flooding optimization were clarified.
 In this combined flooding, DPG is applied as in-depth conformance control agent to increase the sweep efficiency, and surfactant solution slug following is used for improve the displacement efficiency. The long term stability of DPG for 15 days ensures the efficiency of in-depth conformance control and its size can increase from its original 0.543μm to 35.5μm after aging for 7 days in the 2.17×105mg/L reservoir water and at 110°C. In the optimization, it is found that 0.35% NAC-1+ 0.25% NAC-2 surfactant solution with interfacial tension 3.2×10-2mN/m can form a relatively stable emulsion easily with the dehydrated crude oil. In the double core flooding, the conformance control performance is confirmed by the diversion of fluid after combined flooding and EOR increases by 21.3%. After exploitation of Block X for 14 years, the fast decreasing formation energy due to lack of large bottom water and water fingering resulted in a decreasing production rate and increasing watercut. After combined flooding in Y well group with 1 injector and 3 producers, the average dynamic liquid level, daily production, and tracing agent breakthrough time increased, while the watercut and infectivity index decreased. The distribution rate of injected fluid and real-time monitoring also assured the conformance control performance. The oil production of this well group was increased by over 3000 tons.
 Upon this throughout study of combined flooding from experiment to case study, adjusting the heterogeneity by DPG combined with increasing displacement efficiency of surfactant enhanced the oil recovery synergistically in this high salinity high temperature reservoir. The criteria for the selection and performance of combined flooding also provides practical experiences and principles for combined flooding.


This article,with a large number of examples,analyzes two important traits in Hemingway's artistic style: brevity and implication.His brevity mainly lies in the description of setting and the plentiful use of dialogue.His implication often produces unexpected artistic effect.He frequently employs symbols to achieve his implication.


Introduction Supercapacitors have attracted a great deal of interest as an intermediate energy storage device between secondary batteries and conventional dielectric capacitors [1]. Manganese oxides have received considerable attention for supercapacitors due to their electrochemical behavior, low cost and environmental compatibility [2]. However, their poor electrical conductivity limits their applications as electrode materials for high-power supercapacitors. Recently, several studies on the synthesis of MnO2/carbon nano-hybrid materials have been reported to improve the high rate capability of MnO2 [3,4] Graphene or graphene nanosheets (GNS) have received rapidly growing interest due to their superb characteristics of chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and large surface area [5]. These merits support the application of GNS as an excellent template material for the preparation of nanohybrid materials with metal oxides for supercapacitor applications. In this study, we report on the synthesis of manganese oxide/graphene (MnO2/GNS) nano-hybrid materials and their electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications.