Al–Zn alloys having different Zn contents of 2, 5, 10 and 30 wt% were processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) to produce ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials. Microstructural features of these UFG Al–Zn alloys were investigated using depth-sensing indentations, focused ion beam (FIB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Emphasis was placed on the microstructure evolution of the alloys with different Zn-concentration which demonstrated substantially different mechanical behavior, exhibiting superductility with increasing Zn content. It was shown that in every case, HPT resulted decomposition in the microstructure, but there is a significant difference between the microstructures of alloys with low and high Zn content. Based on the microstructural observations, a scenario is proposed about that how the decomposed microstructure developed during HPT process in low- and high Zn-containing Al–Zn alloys, influencing their mechanical behavior.


Cancer is increasingly recognized as strictly related to atrial fibrillation (AF). In patients with AF, the relationship between cancer and cardioembolic or bleeding risk during oral anticoagulant therapy is unknown.

 To assess the bleeding and ischaemic burden of a baseline or newly diagnosed cancer in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

 All consecutive patients treated with DOACs were enrolled among those with new-onset atrial fibrillation and indication for oral anticoagulant between January 2017 and March 2019. During follow-up, bleeding events, newly diagnosed primitive or metastatic malignancy and major cardiovascular events (MACE) were evaluated. At baseline, CHA2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and ORBIT scores were used to assess the hemorrhagic and ischaemic risk. Major bleedings (MB) were defined according to the ISTH definition. Anemia was defined as haemoglobin levels below 11 g/dL in women and 12 mg/dL in men.

 1258 patients constituted the study population and followed for a mean time of 21.6±9.5 months. Overall, 66 patients (5.2%) were affected by malignant neoplasia at baseline, whereas 59 (4.7%) were diagnosed with a malignancy during follow-up. Among baseline characteristics, anemia was associated with cancer at enrolment (43.9% vs 22.5%, p<0.001) but not at follow up (29.3% vs 23.4%, p=0.341). MACEs were not associated with cancer at baseline (5.3% vs 5.2%, p=1.0) and at follow up (5% vs 4.9%, p=1.0). No association was observed between major ischaemic events and cancer at enrolment or follow up (5.3% vs 4.4%, p=0.83 and 4.4% vs 5%, p=0.82). Despite no statistically significant differences in haemorrhagic risk at baseline, the overall bleeding events and MB were associated with newly diagnosed cancer (9.2% vs 3.9%, p=0.001 and 13.8% vs 4.5%, p=0.001, respectively) but not at baseline (5.2% vs 5.5%, p=0.82 and 9.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.162). At multivariate analysis adjusted for age, hypertension and renal function, anemia and a newly diagnosed cancer during follow up remained independent predictors of MB (respectively, HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.52–1.06, p=0.009 and HR 3.53, 95% CI 7.71–1.62, p=0.001).

 Bleeding risk assessment is an ongoing challenge in patients with NVAF on DOACs. During follow-up, newly diagnosed primitive or metastatic cancer is a strong predictor of bleeding regardless of baseline haemorrhagic risk assessment. In contrast, such association is not observed with malignancy at baseline. A proper diagnosis and treatment could therefore decrease cancer-related bleeding risk. On the contrary, our study shows that cancer is not an ischaemic risk modifier, either diagnosed at baseline or follow-up.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Purpose To observe the effect of aprotinin (APR) on endothelial cell(EC) activation. Methods Sixteen patients undergoing valve replacements were included in this study.Patients were randomly divided into two groups ( n=8 ):control group and APR group(APR 3×10 6(kIU).The plasma were collected from all patients before operation,CPB 30 min,30 min after declamping,post operation day 1 and 2 (POD1,POD2).Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured,Cell ELISA was used to measure the expression of ICAM 1 on HUVEC,which was stimulated by plasma.Isotope label method was conducted to investigate the changes of PMN adhesion to HUVEC,which was stimulated in the plasma from 30 min after declamping. Results In the control group,the expression of ICAM 1 on HUVEC was higher than in the APR group( P 0.05).Plasma from control group increased PMN adhesion to HUVEC significantly compared with those in APR(34.2% and 58.7%,respectively, P 0.05). Conclusions Aprotinin could inhibit the activation of EC,and attenuate CPB induced inflammatory response.


Abstract The main objective of the study is at first identifying the expectation gap about audit responsibility and the second quantifying the expectation gap in Iran. In order to collecting data, a questionnaire designed and developed between auditors and investors. Collected data analyzed by employing non-parametric statistics test. The results show that there is expectation gap between auditors and investors in Iran. The current study employed a new approach in the world in order to quantifying the expectation gap. It gives the more strength to other researchers in order to measuring audit expectation gap in the world.


In mining areas, wastes are usually piled-up in the dump, making a man-made hill with height of more than tens of meters. Because of the loose structure of dump sites, landslides or debris flow may occur after heavy rainfall, threatening local people's lives and properties. Therefore, dump stability monitoring and early warning for possible hazards is crucial for ensuring local safety. In this paper, a collaborative stability analysis with high-resolution SAR data and ground measurements is conducted over Xudonggou dump of Anqian iron mine. A two-pass DInSAR analysis is carried out to derive the deformation distribution over the whole area. High-precision GPS and robotic measurements on several points are also conducted over the dump site. Based on the measurements, an slope stability analysis is carried out and eventually a landslide hazard zone is outlined.


Nine patients with metastatic solid tumors were given IFN-β by i.v. bolus injections. Six escalating doses (from 1 to 9 × 104 IU) followed by 6 additional injections at the dose of 9 × 106 IU were administered every other day (schedule A) in 3 of the 9 patients. IFN dose was also increased to a maximum of 46 × 106 IU, and 12 individual injections of 1, 2, 3.3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 21, 27, 34 and 46 × 106 IU of IFN were given over a minimum of a 24-day period (schedule B) in 6 of the 9 patients. The single maximal tolerated dose ranged from 9 to 46 × 106 IU. The toxicity of IFN-β given as scheduled in this study was significant but acceptable.


The I/O automata model of Lynch and Turtle (1987) is summarized and used to formalize several types of system integrity based on the control of transitions to invalid starts. Type-A integrity is exhibited by systems with no invalid initial states and that disallow transitions from valid reachable to invalid states. Type-B integrity is exhibited by systems that disallow externally-controlled transitions from valid reachable to invalid states, Type-C integrity is exhibited by systems that allow locally-controlled or externally-controlled transitions from reachable to invalid states. Strict-B integrity is exhibited by systems that are Type-B but not Type-A. Strict-C integrity is exhibited by systems that are Type-C but not Type-B. Basic results on the closure properties that hold under composition of systems exhibiting these types of integrity are presented in I/O automata-theoretic terms. Specifically, Type-A, Type-B, and Type-C integrity are shown to be composable, whereas Strict-B and Strict-C integrity are shown to not be generally composable. The integrity definitions and compositional results are illustrated using the familiar vending machine example specified as an I/O automaton and composed with a customer environment. The implications of the integrity definitions and compositional results on practical system design are discussed and a research plan for future work is outlined.<<ETX>>


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of air assistance on spray deposits and on the control of potato early blight. In order to test that, two experiments were carried out on the potato variety Bintje in Pereiras, SP, Brazil. In the first experiment, a cupric tracer (50% copper) was applied with two sprayers: an air-assisted sleeve boom sprayer and a conventional boom sprayer. The artificial targets (filter paper) were positioned on the lower and upper parts of the plants on the adaxial surface of the leaflets. The copper ion (Cu) was quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The second experiment evaluated the effect of air assistance on early blight control and crop productivity after the fungicide captan (1.25 kg a.i. ha - 1 ) was applied with or without air - assisted equipment. The efficiency of early blight control was evaluated by the percentage of the area affected by leaf damage at the lowest third of the plant using a diagramatic scale of disease severity. The air assistance did not have any influence on the copper deposit levels but reduced the variability along the boom. Higher volumes produced higher levels of copper deposits. No significant differences were observed in desease control or potato productivity when 400 or 600 L ha - 1 of fungicide was used with the air - assisted boom. Hence, four hundred litres per hectare proved equally effective.


In this article I introduce a new approach to explore the reading habits of early modern readers. I focus on the reciprocal relationship between the individual reader, a single text, the physical object book and the collection a book belongs to. For a systematic perspective on these complex and dynamic relationships I introduce the concept of the 'responsive reader.' My approach thus deals with the empirical reader; I will look over his shoulder to the text he reads and to the way he reacts to them. The approach is pointed out here on a case study of one edition of Thomas van Kempen's De imitatione Christi (probably printed in 1501) from the collection of the Stiftsbibliothek in Xanten, belonging to the Lower German Meuse-Rhine-area. But the most important source is not yet the text itself, but the ownership marks and the user's notes that were written on the title page, on blank pages or beside the text. The notes can mean everything from little drawings to extensive comments and they can tell us how readers have received the text, how they reacted on it and which kind of thoughts they connected to it. The personal reactions in the margins are to be completed by biographical information derived from archival materials. Altogether, this information will lead to a vivid picture of the reader, his reading habits, and his personal perception of the text.


Sea grass bed is an important ecosystem in coastal areas and small islands which plays important and effective roles as a protector of the coastal line and the safety of the mainland area of small islands. Physically, the roles of ecosystem were as erosion prevention, sediment trap and barrier of waves and currents. The existence of these ecosystems in the coastal regions and small islands was an important in enhancing the adaptive capacity of islands against natural disaster because the island serves as a natural protector. The aim of this research was to calculate and assess tha adaptive capacity of sea grass ecosystems growing in the waters of around the small islands in the group of Guraici. The research was conducted on 17 islands located in the group of Guraici islands. Measurement of adaptive capacity of sea grass ecosystem was done by analyzing 6 parameters, namely: Sea Grass Dimension Index (IDLn), Dominant Species of Sea Grass, Sea Grass Coverage Percentage (%), Number of Sea Grass Species, Substrate Type, Distance from The Point of Ecosystem. Sea Grass ecosystem adaptive capacity value was in the range between 0.0-1.0, with capacity of five categories of "very low, low, medium, high and very high". These results indicated that sea grass ecosystem growing in the waters of around the islands in the island of group Guraici had adaptive capacity with values ranging between 0.0-0.59. The ranges of values were distributed into three categories of the adaptive capacities (very low, low and medium). A total of 13 islands had a capacity of sea grass ecosystem "medium", the other three islands with capacity of "low" and one island with a capacity of "very low".    Key words : Adaptive Capacity, seagrass ecosystem.


Background and Purpose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has in recent years emerged as an imaging modality to drive precise contouring of targets and organs at risk in external beam radiation therapy. Moreover, recent advances in MRI enable treatment of cancer without computed tomography (CT) simulation. A commercially available MR-only solution, MRCAT, offers a single-modality approach that provides density information for dose calculation and generation of positioning reference images. We evaluated the accuracy of patient positioning based on MRCAT digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) by comparing to standard CT based workflow. Materials and Methods. Twenty consecutive prostate cancer patients being treated with external beam radiation therapy were included in the study. DRRs were generated for each patient based on the planning CT and MRCAT. The accuracy assessment was performed by manually registering the DRR images to planar kV setup images using bony landmarks. A Bayesian linear mixed effects model was used to separate systematic and random components (inter- and intra-observer variation) in the assessment. In addition, method agreement was assessed using a Bland–Altman analysis. Results. The systematic difference between MRCAT and CT based patient positioning, averaged over the study population, were found to be (mean [95% CI])  −0.49 [−0.85 to  −0.13] mm, 0.11 [−0.33 to  +0.57] mm and  −0.05 [−0.23 to  +0.36] mm in vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions, respectively. The increases in total random uncertainty were estimated to be below 0.5 mm for all directions, when using MR-only workflow instead of CT. Conclusions. The MRCAT pseudo-CT method provides clinically acceptable accuracy and precision for patient positioning for pelvic radiation therapy based on planar DRR images. Furthermore, due to the reduction of geometric uncertainty, compared to dual-modality workflow, the approach is likely to improve the total geometric accuracy of pelvic radiation therapy.


The methods for reusing reverse osmosis(RO) concentrates are introduced.The principles,characteristics and application are summarized.The paper focuses on the removal of supersaturation of RO concentrates to get high water recovery,membrane distillation technique to recovery RO concentrates,disposal of wastewater RO concentrates and production of salts from seawater RO concentrates.Considerable economic and environmental benefits could be achieved by reusing of RO concentrates.


Regional Papers - Latin America. Tree Productivity in the Semi-Arid Zone of Brazil (P.C.F. Lima). The Influence of the Productivity of Prosopis tamarugo on Livestock Production in the Pampa del Tamarugal - a Review (L. Zelada). Management of Algarrobo (Prosopis alba, P. chilensis, P. flexuosa and P. nigra) in the Semi-Arid Regions of Argentina (E. Marmillon). Biomass Equations for Quillay (Quillaja saponaria Mol) in the Semi-Arid Region of Central Chile (J.A. Prado et al.). The Uses of Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) in the Highlands of San Luis Potosi, Mexico (S.G. Almanza, E. Garcia-Moya). Technical Papers - Soil/Water/Plant Nutrition. Inoculation of Leguminous Trees with Rhizobia and VA Mycorrhizal Fungi (J.P. Roskoski et al.). Soil Development under Legume Tree Canopies (R.A. Virginia). Micronutrient, Phosphorus and pH Influences on Growth and Leaf Tissue Nutrient Levels of Prosopis alba and Prosopis glandulosa (G. Cline et al.). Fuelwood Production Utilizing Pinus eldarica and Sewage Sludge Fertilizer (R. Phillips et al.). Influence of Soil Ploughing on Soil Physical Properties and Growth of Annual Crops in Semi-Arid West Africa: Relevance to Tree Planting (R. Nicou). Occurrence and Importance of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Semi-Arid Regions of India (K.G. Mukerji, A. Kapoor). Soil Properties and Fast-Growing Tree Species in Tanzania (J.C. Allen). Technical Papers - Physical/Chemical Properties of Arid Trees and Asexual Propagation. Exceptional Physical Properties of Texas Mesquite Wood (D. Weldon). Renewable Resources from Arizona Trees and Shrubs (M.E. Carr et al.). Identification of Commercial Milling Techniques to Produce High Sugar, High Fiber, High Protein and High Galactomannan Gum Fractions from Prosopis Pods (R.M. Saunders et al.). The Influence of Stock Plant Fertilization on Tissue Concentrations of N, P and Carbohydrates and the Rooting of Prosopis Alba Cuttings (S.M. de Souza, P. Felker). Techniques in the Shoot Multiplication of the Leguminous Tree Prosopis Alba Clone B 2 V 50 (T.J. Tabone et al.). Clonal Multiplication of Tree Species in the Thar Desert through Tissue Culture (H.C. Arya, N.S. Shekhawat). Regional Papers - Africa and Asia. Some Aspects of Dry Land Afforestation in the Sudan with Special Reference to Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne, A. Senegal Willd. and Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stunz (A. El Houri Ahmed). Sand Dune Stabilization in Central Somalia (D. Zollner). Desertification Control in the Sudanian and Sahelian Zones of West Africa - Better Management of the Renewable Resource Base (C. de Troyer). Desertification of Western Maharashtra: Causes and Possible Solutions. I. Comparative Growth of Eight Tree Species (B.V. Nimbkar et al.). Technical Papers - Nursery and Field Cultural Practices. Efficacy of Pre- and Postemergent Herbicides in Field-Planted Pinus Eldarica (D.J. Dudoich et al.).


In this paper some undesirable trends in architectural creations in Shanxi Province are pointed out and analyzed, at the same time according to the new conception of regarding the human as the basis new explanation is proposed. At last author points out that only the genuine innovation is the main way to realize this design thought.


The transport properties (R(T) and R(H) dependences at various values of the transport current in magnetic fields up to 65 kOe) and lowtemperature heat capacity in magnetic fields up to 90 kOe of the BaPb0.75 Bi 0.25 O 3 superconductor (T C ≈ 11.3 K) are investigated with the goal of clarifying the mechanisms determining the nonmonotonic behavior and hysteresis of its magnetoresistance R(H). The type of R(H) hys� teretic dependences for BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3 is analogous to that observed in granular highTc superconductors (HTSCs); however, unlike classical HTSC systems, the field width of the magnetoresistance hysteresis loop for polycrystalline BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3 depends on the transport current. This means that although the mecha� nisms responsible for the magnetoresistance hysteresis (the influence of the magnetic flux trapped in super� conducting regions on the effective field in Josephson interlayers) are identical in these objects, the transport current in BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3 may considerably affect the diamagnetic response of the superconductor. A con� siderable effect of transport current on the field in which the R(H) dependences have a peak and exhibit hys� terestic properties is observed. Such a behavior can be adequately interpreted using the model of the spatially inhomogeneous superconductor-insulator state proposed by Gorbatsevich et al. (JETP Lett. 52, 95 (1990)). The nonmonotonic dependence of quantity C/T (C is the heat capacity) on the magnetic field discovered in the present study also agrees with the conclusions based on this model.


As the main means of communication between medical journals and the media, press releases have a pivotal role in conveying scientific accuracy. But can they do that at the same time as making the results attractive to lay journalists?

A study in last week's Journal of the American Medical Association (2002;287:2856-8) found that press releases from medical journals often present data using formats that exaggerate the importance of the findings and do not routinely highlight study limitations or conflicts of interest.

The study authors, Steven Woloshin and Lisa …


To identify county and facility factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) outbreaks in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).


The causal agent of gray mould Botrytis cinerea is one of the main phytopathogenic fungi limitations in the production of roses. Therefore, it is necessary to apply cleaner products for an adequate disinfection of tools, appliances, equipment and surfaces and thus avoid its dissemination. The aim of this research is to evaluate three commercial disinfectant cleaners: Desogerme_Vegetaux®, Desogerme_Microserre® and PursueTM against B. cinerea in the production of roses. An in vitro assessment conducted determined that the three commercial disinfectant cleaners significantly reduce the growth of the phytopathogen. In fact, the first two disinfectant cleaners retard the growth of mould up to 120 hours and 72 hours respectively. An in vivo assessment conducted in rose stems determined that the product Desogerme_Microserre® presents an 95% efficiency against B. cinerea up to 6 hours after the product application consequently it was the best gray mould control in rose cultivation.


In the current era, bioinformatics has been an emerging research area in the context of protein enzyme classification from the unknown protein data. In bioinformatics, the prime goal is to manipulate the protein data and develop a computational technique to classify and predict the appropriate features for function predictions. In this context, several machine learning and statistical technique have been designed for classification of data. The classification of protein data is one the challenging task and generally the classification of protein data has been done on human protein data. In this article, we have considered rat enzyme class for classification and predictions. Here we have used like CRT, CHAID, C5.0, NEURAL, SVM, and Bayesian for classification of protein data and to measure the performance of the model, the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, recall, f-measures and MCC have been used. The experimental result highlights that the some of the protein data are imbalance that affects the performance. In this experiment, the Lyases, Isomerases and Ligases class of data are imbalanced and affect the performance of the models. The experimental results highlight that the C5.0 gives 91.5% accuracy and takes only 4 second for computation and can be used for protein classification and prediction of protein data.


Private wells are the responsibility of a homeowner, and this page contains some steps you can take to protect your well.


For the purpose of a long-term planning in energy politics one needs some information support in order to reach an optimum extension of the energy supply grid. Arising problems might todate be solved sufficiently precise by means of mathematical optimization processes. The program discussed here is appropriated to deliver such a support - a suitable employment provided. It was determined the cost-optimum capacity distribution of up to 10 different power plants in a national grid under consideration of the classified curve of annual load curve and of various restrictions, e.g. limitation of capacity increase of fast plutonium breeders by limited availability of plutonium. The optimization is carried out for each period of time. Here, nuclear power plants were exclusively selected according to economic view points. The description of this calculational model corresponds in essential to that of Ref. (2), and is made in the following chapter. Henceforth is given a description on the accomplishment of special calculations, in the end a detailed description of all necessary input data. Also, an illustration is given for input and output.


Zakat is a part of the discussion of Islamic economics. In the perspective of Islamic economics zakat has a very important role. Zakat has a strategic role in the fight against poverty or economic development. Zakat has an enormous influence in many respects human life, among which is the effect on the economy. Zakat is a tool that can be used to stabilize the economic life, zakat can strengthen economic solidarity among members of society, and ultimately will create economic stability. In addition to containing the values of worship, zakat also contains socio-economic value to people's lives. Kata kunci: zakat, perspektif, dan ilmu ekonomi Islam


This paper is concerned with a generalization of some recent theorems of Hausner (1) and Johnson (4; 5). Their result can be summarized as follows: Let G be a locally compact abelian group, A a commutative Banach algebra, B1 = Bl(G,A) the (commutative Banach) algebra of A-valued, Bochner integrable junctions on G, 3m1 the maximal ideal space of A, m2 the maximal ideal space of L1(G) [the [commutative Banach] algebra of complex-valued, Haar integrable functions on G, m3 the maximal ideal space of B1. Then m3 and the Cartesian product m1 X m2 are homeomorphic when the spaces mi, i = 1, 2, 3, are given their weak* topologies. Furthermore, the association between m3 and m1 X m2 is such as to permit a description of any epimorphism E3: B1 → B1/m3 in terms of related epimorphisms E1: A → A/M1 and E2:L1(G) → Ll(G)/M2, where M1 is in mi i = 1, 2, 3.


Many common defects in high-carbon steel rod,such as shrink hole,blocky and netty carbide,white band,non-metallic,inclusion,martensite etc.,are studied by means of macroscopic observation,metallographic analysis,hardness test and SEM observation.Various causes of rod fracture during drawing were explored.The corresponding countermeasures are also proposed in this article.


The Brownian bridge method is described along with its applications to the study of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in fiber-optic systems. This method offers an alternative to importance sampling in numerical computations and it constitutes an extremely powerful tool in the study of the spectral statistics of PMD.


Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has broad applications, and increasing computing power is needed to satisfy the large spatiotemporal scales of the real world simulation. The advent of multi-core and many-core paradigm brings unprecedented computing power, however, it remains a great challenge to harvest the computing power due to MD's irregular memoryaccess pattern. To address the challenge, this paper presents a joint application/architecture study to enhance scalability of MD on multi-core and many-core architecture. First, a hierarchical scheme is designed to explore the multi-level parallelism mapping application to hardware. Then to further harvest the many-core computing power, three incremental optimization strategies—-a novel data-layout to improve data locality, an onchip locality-aware parallel algorithm to enhance data reuse, and a pipelining algorithm to hide latency to shared memory—are proposed. Experiments show that the hierarchical framework achieves inter-node weak-scaling parallel efficiency 0.985 on 106,496 BlueGene/L nodes (0.975 on 32,768 BlueGene/P nodes), and 0.99 strong-scaling parallel efficiency on 64 cores GodsonT simulation, which is further confirmed by an FPGA emulator. Detailed analysis shows that optimizations utilizing architectural features to maximize data locality and to enhance data reuse benefit scalability most and certain architectural features are found essential for these optimizations, which could guide future hardware developments. Furthermore, a simple performance model suggests that the optimization scheme is likely to scale well toward exascale. I. HIERARCHICAL PARALLELIZATION FRAMEWORK FOR MOLECULAR DYNAMICS MD simulation follows the phase-space trajectories of an N -atom system, where force fields describing the atomic force laws between atoms are spatial derivatives of a potential energy function E(r ) (r = {r1, r2, ..., rN} are positions of all atoms). We have previously proposed a space-time multiresolution MD (MRMD) algorithm to reduce the O(N) time complexity of potential evaluation to O(N) [1]. In the MRMD, E(r ) consists of two-body E2{rij} and threebody E3{rijk} terms within a cutoff radius rc. Although the emergence of the multi-core/many-core paradigm has provided unprecedented computing power, it remains a challenge to develop efficient parallel applications on multi-core/many-core clusters. To address the challenge, we first propose a hierarchical framework for scalable parallelization framework that takes advantage of the multilevel feature of multi-core/many-core clusters: (1) Inter-node (message passing) parallelization via 2048 4096 8192 16384 65536 98304 106496 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 pa ra lle l e ffi ci en cy number of nodes BG/L N/P=4,088,832 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 pa ra lle l e ffi ci en cy number of cores Intel Quadcore SMP (a) Weak scalability on BG/L (b) Strong scalability on multi-core SMP Fig. 1. Scalability Analysis an embedded divide-and-conquer (EDC) scheme based on spatial decomposition; (2) inter-core parallelization via cellular decomposition using critical section-free multithreading with a master-worker paradigm. Figure 1 shows the scalability experimental results, where inter-node strong-scalability tests are conducted on Blue Gene/L cluster (each node with two IBM PowerPC 440 processors at 700 MHz clock) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and inter-core strong-scalability tests are conducted on 8-core Intel Nehalem SMP. Although our hierarchical framework has achieved inter-node strong-scalable parallel efficiency well over 0.95 for 218 billion-silica-atom MD simulations on 106, 496 Blue Gene/L nodes based on the speedup over 2,048 nodes, it suffers poor strong-scaling intercore parallel efficiency only 0.65 for 8 threads on a dual Intel Nehalem symmetric multiprocessors (SMP) platform.The scalability analysis indicates that the hierarchical scheme on multi-core can achieve excellent weak scalability, but just fair strong scalability. Then the following sessions show how to explore the possibility of enhancing the scalability on manycore platform Godson-T . II. Godson-T MANY-CORE ARCHITECTURE Godson-T is a low-power many-core architecture developed by Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences to serve as a dedicated petaflops computing engine. As shown in Fig. 2, Godson-T has 64 homogeneous, dualissue and in-order processing cores running at 1 GHz, where a floating-point multiply-accumulate operation can be issued to a fully-pipelined function unit in each cycle, resulting in a peak floating-point performance of 128Gflops. The 8-pipeline processing core supports 32-bit MIPS ISA (64-bit ISA will be


Simple, rapid and accurate methods have been developed for the analysis of simple carbohydrates including mono- or disaccharides, or as fairly small glycans (6-11 residues) liberated from glycoproteins using charged aerosol detection combined with mass spedrometry techniques.


(57) Abstract: Method for operating a transgenic organism to synthesize the polyhydroxyalkanoate containing a 3-hydroxyhexanoate as comonomer (PHA) have been developed. These processes are either based on genetically engineered bacteria or in plants crops as generating system comprising a PHA biosynthetic genes from PHA producers. In a preferred embodiment of the method, a further gene, is introduced into a wild-type or transgenic polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producer, thereby producing a new strain of synthesizing 3HH monomer incorporated into PHA. 3HH monomer, preferably, a precursor of 3-hydroxy-hexanoyl-CoA, is induced in microbial systems that use butanol or butyrate as a feed. Specifically including butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity, a path for the in vivo production of butyroyl-CoA, provided.


Base on constitution of the self-oscillation linear actuator which is a servo system for a gun launched missile, a nonlinear model was built. Though the experiment, the model is correct. This paper studied the stability, the self-oscillation's frequency and gain on this kind of servo system. On comparing phase-lead compensation and phase-lag compensation, the later is more suitable for this system. After testing, the lag regulator is designed for the system.


THE PRINCIPAL GOAL of this paper is to shed some new light on the dynamic of, and driving forces behind, the stereotyping of the Pole in Russia on the eve and in the immediate aftermath of the Polish uprising of 1863-4.I approach ethnostereotyping as a complex process related very closely to current politics and ideology and not necessarily derived from collective and deeply rooted mentalites of the popular mass. 1 In my view, Russian ethnostereotypes of the Pole were a kind of discursive construction, shifting and convertible, able to be expressed through a variety of forms: official rhetoric, belles-lettres, visual modes of representation, stage performances, and—last but not least—symbolically marked administrative measures. In this vein I would like to dispute, first, a prevalent notion that ethnostereotypes belong to the less flexible and changeable part of national consciousness; second, a trend to equate them with ethno-phobias, ignoring their ties to 'philias'. My focus is on a group of bureaucrats and publicists who were striving to assert a Russian identity in so highly contested an area as the so-called Western region, Zapadnyj kraj (present-day Ukraine, Belarus', and Lithuania) was in mid-nineteenth century. One of the reasons for narrow-


We have studied some criteria for bound state energies in the non-relativistic regime by using the 3D Schrödinger equation. With these criteria, we have examined: the number of bound states, the critical conditions, eigenvalues, and infinite versus finite number of eigenvalues, and the fixed number expression, which determines the number of bound states. We have studied these criteria by solving the Schrödinger equation in 3D for l = 0 for many central potentials: the finite spherical potential, the spherical potential shell, the Yukawa potential, the cutoff and regular triangular potential, the Woods-Saxon potential, the regular and cutoff Coulomb potential, and the cutoff inverse square and cubic potentials. By a cutoff potential we mean just a potential cutoff near the origin by connecting a potential with the finite spherical potential. Then, we have used some estimating methods to compare these results with the exact results. The estimating methods are expressions that give the lower and upper limits of the number of bound state energies for a given potential. We have considered these accurate and recent expressions and we have compared them with the exact results.


Introduction: Fluoride is a known caries preventive agent. According to previous literature, a school based preventive program using fluoride gel could be effective in reducing the level of dental caries in children. There are very few studies that have been done in India in this regard. So, a retrospective study was planned to evaluate the preventive program of application of Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on permanent teeth of school going children of 10-11 years till 15-16 years for 5 years. Material and Method: The caries experience of the children was recorded using decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria by investigator 1. Fluoride application of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride 1.23% APF gel (Fluorovil, Vishal Dentocare Pvt. Ltd, Ahmedabad, India) for 4 minutes was carried out biannuallyby single trained investigator 2. This was done from 2010-11 till 2016-17. This data for 5 years was recorded and analysed retrospectively using centre records. After data collection, statistical analysis were done using (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) SPSS version 20.0. Results and Discussion: The DMFT post fluoride application was significantly lower than DMFT value pre fluoride application. No side effects were reported by this school based program. Conclusion: This study results prove that APF gel application is an appropriate measure that can be recommended for other school-based programs. It is a safe and feasible caries preventive measure.


Entrepreneurship level is one of key determiners of labour market competitiveness. It is equated with, among other things, starting and organizing new business activity, creating new jobs and outlet or shaping customer needs. Furthermore, in the context of developing globalization, entrepreneurship is becoming the main element that determines the competitiveness of national economies. The article is aimed at presenting rural entrepreneurship in Zachodniopomorskie voivodship (West Pomeranian voivodship) in the context of improving the competitiveness of regional labour market. The analysis will be based on the literature on the subject and empirical data derived from Regional Data Bank of Central Statistical Office in Szczecin.


Objective: (1) to estimate the occurrence of postdischarge adverse outcomes in surgical patients and their treatment; (2) to explore determinants during admission that may influence the occurrence of postdischarge adverse outcomes. Design: Four weeks after discharge, patients were contacted by telephone and interviewed about: (1) the occurrence of adverse health outcomes after discharge; (2) their treatment and whether readmission or additional surgery was required. Data on the type of surgery and the occurrence of in-hospital adverse outcomes were taken from the routine reporting system. Setting: Dutch university hospital Study sample: All 2145 surgical patient admissions in 2003, of whom 1960 (91%) agreed to participate. Main outcome measures: Percentage of patient admissions with postdischarge adverse outcomes, by type of treatment. Results: Postdischarge adverse outcomes occurred in 487 patients (25%). Most (76%) of the 554 adverse outcomes were treated by a specialist: 165 (30%) during readmission and 257 (46%) at the outpatient clinic. Postdischarge adverse outcomes were mostly infections (39%). In-hospital adverse outcomes and complex surgical procedures increased the probability for both postdischarge adverse outcomes (odds ratio 1.43 (1.05 to 1.94) and 1.36 (1.02 to 1.82) respectively) and postdischarge adverse outcomes that require readmission (odds ratio 1.59 (1.01 to 2.52) and 1.73 (1.09 to 2.74) respectively). Conclusions: Patients should be informed at discharge that postdischarge adverse outcomes may occur, in particular if the patient had complex surgical procedures or adverse outcomes during hospitalisation. Since infections were the main type of postdischarge adverse outcomes, more attention should be given on wound treatment by patients and infection prevention after discharge.


A significant growth in data has been observed with the growth in technology and population. This data is non-relational and unstructured and often referred to as NoSQL data. It is growing in complexity for the traditional database management systems to manage such vast databases. Present day cloud services are offering numerous NoSQL databases to manage such non-relational databases addressing different user specific requirements such as performance, availability, security etc. Hence there is a need to evaluate and find the behavior of different NoSQL databases in virtual environments. This study aims to evaluate two popular NoSQL databases and in support to the study, a benchmarking tool is used to compare the performance difference between HBase and Cassandra on a virtual instance deployed on OpenStack.


THE principal disturbances of'speech which I have observed may be grouped under three heads-aphonia, dysarthria, and mutism. This is the order of frequency in which, from our experience of functional disorders in times of peace, such disturbances of speech might be expected to occur. But in the class of cases' with which this War has familiarized us (for reasons which we shall see later), the order is exactly reversed. Dumbness is by far the commonest disorder of speech, oGcurring in about ten per cent of all cases of shock which have come to my notice; I have met with affectipns of articulation, e.g., stuttering, or jerky, "\ speech, only in about three per cent; while loss of voice, as the result of shock, is of somewhat rarer occurrence.


Matsuoka & Kawara showed that the number density of the most massive galaxies (log M/M☉ = 11.5–12.0) increases faster than that of the next massive group (log M/M☉ = 11.0–11.5) during 0 < z < 1. This appears to be in contradiction to the apparent "downsizing effect." We attempt to understand the two observational findings in the context of the hierarchical merger paradigm using semi-analytic techniques. Our models closely reproduce the result of Matsuoka & Kawara. Downsizing can also be understood as larger galaxies have, on average, smaller assembly ages but larger stellar ages. Our fiducial models further reveal details of the history of the stellar mass growth of massive galaxies. The most massive galaxies (log M/M☉ = 11.5–12.0 at z = 0), which are mostly the brightest cluster galaxies, obtain roughly 70% of their stellar components via merger accretion. The role of merger accretion monotonically declines with galaxy mass: 40% for log M/M☉ = 11.0–11.5 and 20% for log M/M☉ = 10.5–11.0 at z = 0. The specific accreted stellar mass rates via galaxy mergers decline very slowly during the whole redshift range, while specific star formation rates sharply decrease with time. In the case of the most massive galaxies, merger accretion becomes the most important channel for the stellar mass growth at z ∼ 2. On the other hand, in situ star formation is always the dominant channel in L* galaxies.


Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek1 (1258 aa, ~143 kDa) is encoded by the human NEK1 gene. This protein plays a role in cilia assembly, protein phosphorylation and cell division.


Waibakul City, Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia is affected by floods every year that comes from overflow of drainage channels. The area of Waibakul is 76, 44 km^2 and dominated by agricultural land. The drainage system is incorporated into the irrigation system, thus forming a complex network of channels. The topography of the area is very flat, with slope (0 to 3) % reaching 78.56% and forming natural basins that are used as rainwater catchment reservoirs. The results of evaluation show that the majority of channel capacity is not roportional to the burden that must be discharged. The reservoir performance is not maximal because the water discharge system only relies on natural water absorption into the soil, so if there is a successive rain then the reservoir is full thus the reservoir control capacity becomes very small. The recommendation for flood control strategies are: (1). Divide the catchment area into sub-catchment areas based on the drainage service area, so the problems can be more easily solved and completed gradually. (2). Increase the capacity of multiple channels. (3). infiltration wells as a means of reservoir water drainage.(4). Control the burden of flood discharge to the office area by making a shotcut. (5). Control the flood water level in rivers that is crossing central office area by making long storage with spillway.


We generalize the inequality |P(z)|2 + |P(-z)|2 ≤ 1 (Ref. 1) to the inequality |P(z1, z2)|2 + |P(-z1, z2)|2 + |P(z1, -z2)|2 + |P(-z1, -z2)|2 ≤ 1 in L2(ℝ2); and construct compactly supported tight frames with good symmetry and dilation matrix 2I under the condition that both the low-pass filter and high-pass filters are unknown.


SUMMARYTwo years before the Dictionarium ex sermone Latino in hispaniensem of the great humanist Elio Antonio de Nebrija (1441-1522), there appeared in Seville the Vniversal vocabulario en latin y en Romance collegido por el croni-sta Alfonso de Palentia. This dictionary is printed in two columns; the left-hand column contains a Latin-Latin lexicon, the right-hand one a Latin-Spanish lexicon. The latter is not an independent work; rather the Latin interpretations are here simply translated into Spanish. The authors of both dictionaries state expressly their intention of 'rooting out' the corrupt medieval Latin and providing a means of returning to a good form of classical Latin. However, a closer examination of the sources of the Vniversal vocabulario shows that it is based exclusively on a medieval lexicon of the 11th century, namely, on the Elementarium Doctrinae rudimentum of a certain Papias, about whom nothing further is known. The similarity between the two dictionaries is so great that the Vniversal vocabulario can simply be regarded as a reasonably faithful version of the Elementarium Doctrinae rudimentum. As a result, the achievement of Alfonso Fernandez de Palencia is reduced to that of a mere translator.RESUMEDeux ans avant le Dictionarium ex sermone Latino in hispaniensem du grand humaniste Elio Antonio de Nebrija (1441-1522) parait a Seville VVni-versal vocabulario en latin y en Romance collegido por el cronista Alfonso de Palentia. II est imprime sur deux colonnes. La colonne de gauche contient un dictionnaire latin-latin, celle de droite un dictionnaire latin-espagnol. Ce dernier n'est pas autonome; les definitions latines y sont seulement traduites en espagnol. Les auteurs des deux dictionnaires declarent expressement vouloir eliminer le latin medieval corrompu et fournir les moyens d'un retour au bon latin classique. Or, un examen attentif des sources de VVniversalvocabulario montre qu'il se base exclusivement sur un dictionnaire medieval du XIe siecle, VElementarium Doctrinae rudimentum d'un certain Papias inconnu par ailleurs. La concordance entre les deux dictionnaires est si grande que VVni-versal vocabulario peut etre considere sans hesitation comme une version assez fidele de l'Elementarium Doctrinae rudimentum. Le travail d'Alfonso Fernandez de Palencia se reduit donc a celui de traducteur.


The immune system is a complex human mechanism that performs a wide range of effector functions, as well as powerful and not yet well-understood regulatory processes are involved in its activities. Phagocytosis is one of the oldest defense mechanisms (paleoimmunity). More evolutionarily young is the mechanism of cellular immunity (neoimmunity). T-lymphocytes mature in the thymus and are divided into: T-suppressors, T-killers, T-helpers and differ in function and surface antigens. Domestic and foreign authors indicate that evolutionarily young Ts cells play a large role in regulating the response, both cellular and humoral immunity. In a number of sources, the authors indicate that northerners of different age and socio-professional groups have an increased level of immunosuppression. The literature over the past 30 years has shown that in extreme conditions, an increase in the concentrations of CD8 +, CD16 + cells is necessary in the formation of an adaptive immune response


We present a wearable data collection system that allows users to collect their experiences into a continually growing and adapting multimedia diary. The system, called iSensed, uses the patterns in sensor readings from a camera, microphone, and accelerometers, to classify the user's activities and automatically collect multimedia clips when the user is in aninterest- ing' situation. `Interest' is estimated by a user-trained rule relating the sequence of user ac- tivities/situations to their concept ofinterest'. This allows the multimedia information to be structured in a manner similar to the user's episodic memory, e.g., unusual and potentially important events are recorded chronologically, allowing rapid browsing and automatic struc- turing of the multimedia diary. The system is based on commercially available mobile devices, either a PDA or a camera phones, together with two small wireless accelerometers worn on the wrist and belt.


The majority of reactions catalysed by acids or bases have been found to be catalysed not only by hydrogen ions (or hydroxyl ions), but by all molecular species which are acids or bases in the sense of modern definitions of these terms. In all such reactions which have been investigated quantitatively, the relative efficiencies of different catalysts have been found to conform to the following relation, due to Bronsted, kc = GK1 x , (1) where kc is the catalytic constant of a given acid (or base), and K1 is its electrolytic dissociation constant. G and x are constants for the same substrate at the same temperature. This relation holds accurately for a series of acids or bases of the same type ( e. g. , carboxylic acids, or amino bases), and roughly for different types. Equation (1) is essentially empirical, and it is the object of the present paper to provide it with some theoretical basis.


In traditional video archives, video data are stored on analogue video tapes while meta-data, such as textual descriptions of the contents of the video tapes, are stored and handled digitally by computers. In a fully digital video archive, both video data and meta-data are managed by computers and, thus, more powerful tools can be developed. In this paper, we discuss what kind of tools a digital video archive should ooer its users, and we describe an experimental video archive system which consists of tools for playing, browsing, searching and indexing video information. All tools in the system are based on a generic database platform called VideoSTAR (Video STorage And Retrieval) and they share video and meta-data via the common database. The tools are managed by a video archive tool manager which provides mechanisms for communication and cooperation between different tools. The system has been demonstrated to professional archivists and librarians who have given positive response, and as the next step we will have the system tested in a real video archive environment.


The issue of TPACK (Technology Pedagogical Content Knowledge) offers a problem solution for teachers who are interested in implementing blended learning. Education and Technology have become an important aspect in every student's daily life beyond the school and within the classroom. Experts now create software that facilitates teachers in creating animated videos which contain pedagogical knowledge. One of them is Videoscribe which can be used to present learning content by combining interesting images, sounds, and graphs to attract students to enjoy the learning process. The features provided by this software are varied; they enable teachers to design learning media that can be adjusted to meet the goal of the lesson. This paper will elaborate on how teachers can design an interesting and engaging learning media to meet the students' needs and to achieve learning objectives by using the software.


Method for constructing buildings with foam plastic blocks and block for execution. In the process of building blocks (1) they are used and (2) for forming walls being those blocks for internally receiving the corresponding concreting (9) with the complement of the respective armature, fitting together the blocks (1 ) and / or (2) by ribs (5) of their upper edges, complementary grooves (6) at the lower edge and opposite. In the method also involved blocks (13) and (14) for the formation of flats, with the corresponding concreting (20) covering both said blocks (13) and (14) as the armature (21), these blocks (13) being and (14) formed by prismatic bodies with lateral steps (16) for interengagement and one of them, namely the block (13) with a lateral projection (15) to determine their collateral arrangement with blocks (14), a hollow for concrete beams (25).


The present invention relates to prefabricated storm shelters that can be easily repositioned and assembled while providing safe, secure shelter before, during and after a catastrophic event, as well as to a method to manufacture them.


A polyphosphate composite [NH4PO3]6[(NH4)2SiP4O13] with high ionic conductivity was prepared and characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetry, impedance spectroscopy, and different NMR techniques. Experiments were carried out in dry and humid atmospheres and in temperatures ranging between 20 8C and 300 8C. During initial heating (activation) of the composite to 300 8C, a weight loss of 7% due to release of ammonia occurs resulting in a material of the formal composition of [HPO3]3[NH4PO3]3[(NH4)2SiP4O13]. This material is thermally stable between room temperature and 300 8C. The conductivity was found to be remarkably high (0.1 S cm ) in a water-rich environment. Mainly ammonium species could be found in the H MAS NMR spectra of the non-activated composite, whereas during the activation process another signal due to bridging hydrogen increases. Temperature-dependent 2D and 1D exchange NMR spectroscopy, PFG (pulsed field gradient) NMR, and SFG (stray field gradient) NMR measurements were performed in order to compare diffusion coefficients and exchange rates with dc conductivities. The small differences between experimentally obtained conductivities and those determined from the measured self-diffusion coefficients by means of the Nernst–Einstein equation hints to an ammonium vehicle as charge carrier, but can be also explained by H conductivity. The slow NMR exchange rates between hydroxyl groups and ammonium ions exclude proton conductivity via hydroxyl groups. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


We are interested in ageneralization of the study of stochastic processes and amathematical formulation of random complex systems. Such motivations lead us to the investigation of random fields which have ahigher dimensional parameter or which are parametrized by amanifold with certain geometric structures. In the course of such investigations, we are naturally led to revisit the theory of classical functional analysis. First of all we would like to discuss the motivations. One of the motivations of our work on the variational calculus for random fields came from the observation of L\'evy's Brownian motion. While we studied L\'evy's Brownian motion, we have tried many attempts how to express the complex way of dependence of the Brownian motion. The dependence becomes extremely complex as soon as we come to the higher dimensional parameter case. First, we considered a conditional expectation of the variable at some point in the parameter space, given its values at the points on some manifold $C$ . Let it vary, and we found that the conditional expectation of the value at the point changes drastically in acomplex manner. Such achange happens even the manifold $C$ is asegment. In other words, aconditional expectation mentioned above can be considered as arandom field $X(C)$ , and it can be viewed as afunctional of $C$. It would be agood method to clarify the complex structure of arandom field


The invention relates to a self-adaption tuning system of a middle-wave broadcast transmitting antenna and belongs to the technical field of broadcast transmission. The self-adaption tuning system disclosed by the invention can be adapted to various climates and weather conditions, particularly the condition that the climate conditions are violently changed. The self-adaption tuning system comprises a direction coupler, a simulation operation unit, a controller unit, a motor driver and a tuning network, wherein the direction coupler is used for separating an incident wave voltage sample value and a reflection wave voltage sample value; the simulation operation unit is used for calculating a logarithm value of a reflection coefficient according to the incident wave voltage sample value and the reflection wave voltage sample value; the controller unit is used for generating a motor control instruction according to the size of the logarithm value of the reflection coefficient; and the motor driver is used for generating a driving power needed by operating a tuning motor according to the motor control instruction generated by a microcontroller; and the tuning network is used for realizing the impedance matching between the antenna and a transmission line, and comprises a matching network and the tuning motor, wherein the tuning motor is used for adjusting an adjustable element in the matching network.


Accessing data in a intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks is a challenging problem that is caused by frequent network partitions due to node mobility and to impairments of wireless communications.This partitioning pattern is studied by examining the statistics of network partitions for a number of mobility models.This paper then establishes the relationship between the network partitioning pattern and the effectiveness of the data replication scheme,and then gives an upper bound of data availability,achieved by an ideal replication scheme under standard operational conditions.The data availability of a totally random scheme can achieve is also given.Based on these results,a novel replication scheme,RICMAN(replication in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks),which takes into account the fact that the network is often partitioned into smaller and uses only intermittent connectivity,thanks to mobile nodes traveling across partition,is proposed.In RICMAN,data items are replicated with the nodes using rather stable neighboring topology and with enough resources.A semi-probabilistic data disseminating protocol is employed to distribute the replicas and propagate the updates and can identify the potential mobile nodes traveling across partitions to maximize data delivery.To maintain replica consistency,a weak,eventual consistency model is utilized to ensure all updates eventually propagate to all replicas in a finite delay.Simulation results demonstrate that RICMAN scheme can achieve high data availability with low overhead.With optimized parameters,the data availability is just 10%~15% lower than the upper bound under certain network conditions.


Abstract: We first provide an algorithm to compute the logarithmic part of an integral of an algebraic function. The algorithm finds closed-form solutions that have been difficult to compute by other means. We then provide an algorithm to compute the logarithmic part of a function lying in a transcendental elementary extension. We are able to fully justify the algorithms using techniques of Grobner bases, differential algebra, and algebraic geometry. We first provide an algorithm to compute the logarithmic part of an integral of an algebraic function. The algorithm finds closed-form solutions that have been difficult to compute by other means. We then provide an algorithm to compute the logarithmic part of a function lying in a transcendental elementary extension. We are able to fully justify the algorithms using techniques of Grobner bases, differential algebra, and algebraic geometry.


In this paper, the Zigbee protocol mode was studied and derive the expression of access delay with delay line operating under the IEEE standard 802.15.4 by statistic method, in the beacon enabled, saturation mode, considering the different number of nodes and length of packet. Article analyze the effect of delay line, and get some important conclusions regarding the implementation of 802.15.4 networks, and propose some corrections to the protocol in order to get better efficiency of the network.


Lawrence Stone's volume resembles those great houses and family seats built by the noble landowners who are the theme of his study: an architecture of monumental proportions and elaborate detail work, contents replete with riches and stuffed with curiosities to divert the closer eye. It is safe to say that no more important book on sixteenthand seventeenth-century English history has appeared in recent years. The word "aristocracy" in the title is somewhat misleading, as that should include the entire landed order of men whose birth and possessions entitled them to a measure of social authority and territorial importance. Stone's subject, properly, is the peerage or titular nobility, the highest stratum of the aristocracy. Of the peerage's evolution and vicissitudes during the eighty years from Queen Elizabeth's accession to the civil war he has here given an account exceptional in its combination of analytical trenchancy and empirical substance. On this score, his work may be esteemed as a model of what can be accomplished by a historian possessed of a synoptic vision, a disciplined imagination, fresh ideas, and the erudition that comes only from long immersion in documentary sources.


As the title of this special issue of The Clearing House indicates, we are examining here "new directions in writing instruction." In the recently emerging interdisciplinary field of composition, innovations in theory and practice occur regularly because there are, so far, few constraints (due to little agreement) on what constitutes legitimate inquiry and practice. Labeling something as "new" is not necessarily misleading. Still, it is prudent to realize that the phrase "new direction" suggests that an older direction, which was somehow inadequate, has been superseded and, further, that the "new" direction is inherently better. But how can we make such evaluative distinctions without understanding what was previously done and why it might have proved inadequate? And most important, who decides what is old and what new?


The two-mode phase field-crystal (PFC) method is used to simulate the nanograin growth, including the grain growth in different sets of crystal planes, the grain boundary structure with mismatch, the grain orientation and also the incoherent grain boundary in two dimensional plane. It is obviously observed that there are dislocation structures in nanograin boundary due to mismatch and misorientation of grains. These simulation results can not only be used in artificial controlling the grain boundary of nanograin, but also is of significant for designing new nanograin with a good grain boundary for structure materials.


This paper employs digital image analysis techniques to examine the scanning electron microscope images of the microstructure of lime-stabilised subgrade soil with different lime contents and under different numbers of freeze–thaw cycles. The variation in pores of soil and its surface fractal dimension is studied based on the Sierpinski carpet model and micropore parameter data. It is observed that the occurrence of micro cracks and the number of large pores in the lime-stabilised subgrade soil increase with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles. Among the soil samples with lime content up to 8% (by weight), the samples with 4–6% lime content show the largest surface fractal dimension, which is in the range of 1.89–1.93. The surface fractal dimension decreases gradually with an increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles. The rate of decrement was the slowest for the samples with 4–6% lime content, which possessed (a) strong binding force between lime and soil, (b) less free lime, and (c) limited damage due to freeze–thaw cycling. The variation in amplitude of the soil fractal dimension is the highest during the first freeze–thaw cycle, indicating that the first cycle has the greatest impact on the soil microstructure.


The authors have been developing a compact power supply with a single-phase Bi2223 high temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer. The conventional transformer has an iron-core for enhancing magnetic coupling between its primary coil and secondary one. However, the iron-core has great majority of size and weight of the transformer and therefore it is desirable to be removed for a smaller and lighter transformer. In this paper, the authors propose an air-core HTS transformer for a more compact power supply than the conventional one. As experimental results, it is shown that appropriate design of the air-core transformer has a possibility to decrease the weight and volume of the large AC current supply.


This study investigates the effectiveness of metakaolin (MK) on the improvement of durability of concretes to sulfate attack. Experimental parameters of the study were MK replacement levels, water to cementitious materials ratio, initial curing procedure in terms of air curing and water curing, and type of the sulfate exposure regimes such as continuous and drying-immersion cyclic exposures. The degree of sulfate attack was evaluated by the reduction in compressive strength (CS) of concrete. The tests were conducted at specified periods up to 365 days. At the end of initial curing, concrete specimens were divided into three groups such that the first group was transferred into tap water to be used as control in the assessment of CS reduction while the other groups were immersed in 10% Na2 SO4 solution for the period of 365 days under continuous or cyclic exposures. The results indicated that inclusion of MK as modifying agent increased the resistance of concrete against sulfate attack depending mainly on ...


Objective Remote ischemic preconditioning could relieve the second fatal ischemic injury of heart,brain,renal other organs' ischemic reperfusion injury,so we detected protective role of patients with undergoing severe carotid stenosis stent implantation from upper extremity remote ischemic preconditioning.Methods The study enrolled87patients with carotid stenosis stent implantation in the Department of Neurology,Xinqiao Hospital,the Third Military Medical University.All patients were screened by computer tomography angiography(CTA),and then were confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA).The experiments were performed in random double-blind study.NIHSS scores were examined after stent implantation,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)were detected by ELISA.Results Demographic and clinical details showed no significant differences before operation between control and remote ischemic preconditioning groups.Compared with carotid stent implantation group,operation success rate,use rate of protective device and mortality rate were not different in remote ischemic preconditioning group;but ischemic reperfusion injuries were reduced,NIHSS scores were significantly decreased 1,3,5days after operation,and TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1βlevels also reduced.Conclusion Upper extremity remote ischemic preconditioning reduced cerebral injury in patients undergoing severe carotid stenosis stent implantation,which provided appropriate adjuvant therapy for carotid stent implantation.


Cytochrome P-450 catalysing the 14ademethylation of sterol is inhibited in fungi by azole antifungal compounds resulting in a fungistatic or a fungicidal effect [ 11. The azoles themselves represent a useful tool for investigating P-450 structure through the differential affinities with different P450 forms. [Z]. Of practical importance is the identification of the molecular features which result in the strong inhibition of a cytochrome P-450 and which may lead to the development of better antifungals, as well as other therapeutic agents and agrochemicals. The extensive use of azoles is also resulting in increasing reports of resistance in agriculture and in the clinic and we have been interested in the relationship of the resistance mechanisms to the target enzyme and the mode of action of azole antifungals


Cutting wood in the transverse direction is the most widespread in the logging process, and it is used in felling trees, shortening the length of trunks, and assortment production. In practice, it is particularly important that the entire wood processing process starts with the least energy-intensive process (i.e., the energy demand of the entire process). The aim of the study is to determine the effect of coatings on the energy demand of saw blades. The conditions of the experiment were taken from previous experiments. In the experiment, two types of saw blades of the same type, EN 41 9418 or 75 Cr1 (DIN 1.2003), were selected. Two types of saw blades (SB with SC (cemented carbide) slices and PK without SC (cemented carbide) slices) and two types of wood (beech and spruce) were used in the experiments. The saw blades were coated with three types of PVD coatings (physical method of layer deposition). The results show that the least energy-demanding saw blade is HSS_M (tool steel saw blade without SK blades with Maximizer coating) at a feed speed of 12 m·min−1 and a cutting speed of 60 ms−1, with a power of 1310.63 W. When sawing spruce wood, it was proven that the most energy-demanding saw blade is HSS_K_I at a feed rate of 12 m·min−1 and a cutting speed of 60 ms−1, with a power of 2113.56 W. The least energy-consuming saw blade is HSS_M at a feed rate of 12 m·min−1 and a cutting speed of 60 m·s−1, with a power of 1251.54 W. The results provide a comparison of the measured values of the performances of the cross-cutting wood process using a statistical program.


Hadith is a guide other than the Qur'an that can guide Muslims to the right path. The Day of Judgment is the day of retribution for all people for the sins they have committed, and there is not a single creature on Earth who can avoid the Day of Judgment or the Day of Judgment. Recently, a phenomenal film called "Messiah" appeared on a platform that has a lot of fans, namely Netflix. This study aims to discuss the criticism of the saga about Dajjal in the film Messiah from the perspective of hadith. This study uses a qualitative approach by applying Literature review method. The results and discussion of this research are that the main player named Payam Golshiri (who plays the role of Al-Masih) in the film's storyline does not describe as al-Masih ad-Dajjal described in the hadith, based on authentic hadith such as the hadith narrated by Muslim and Bukhari. Although there are several scenes that depict Payam Golshiri, which is the character of al-Masih ad-Dajjal, they still do not fully describe the teachings of Muslims. This study finds that sagaciously, the Messiah film contains several scenes that depict Payam Golshiri as a representative of al-Masih, but cinematically, there are several events that do not depict al-Masih in hadith but rather describe ad-Dajjal such as the place where Payam Golshiri descended, resurrected the slain youth, moved as fast as the wind described by a hurricane, and the Jews followed Payam Golshiri.


This case report describes a patient in their late teens who presented to the outpatient department stating that they had felt the implanted cardioverter defibrillator deliver a shock 3 times within the past 6 months.


The invention discloses non-flammable lithium-ion battery electrolytes of a kind of Low ESR and preparation method thereof, the electrolyte includes:Lithium salts, carbonates and/or ether organic solvent, fire retardant, the compound conductive agent containing double bond or/and three keys, functional additive.The preparation method of the electrolyte specifically includes following steps:(1)Compound containing double bond or/and three keys, fire retardant are removed water, is then dissolved in organic solvent, obtains solution A;(2)Lithium salts is slowly added into above-mentioned solution A in the environment of anhydrous and oxygen-free, then adds functional additive, produces the non-flammable lithium-ion battery electrolytes of Low ESR.Electrolyte prepared by the present invention has low viscosity, low toxicity and wider electrochemical window and use temperature range, while has highly effective flame-retardant effect;The lithium battery prepared using electrolyte of the present invention not only has good chemical property, and impedance is low, fire resistance is good, is increased substantially the security performance of lithium battery.


This paper describes a method for separating plant morality due to heat from mortality caused by herbage removal; squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith) and needle—and—thread (Stipa comata Trin. and Ruper.) are used as examples. After plants are burned in the field under controlled conditions, ratios are calculated between field—measured durations of temperatures in plants and laboratory—measured thermal death times for plant tissue. If the sum of the ratios for the various temperatures is 1.0 (designated 1 necrotherm) or greater, mortality is attributed to heat; if the sum is less than 1.0, to herbage removal. Further testing of the "predictor" on more species, sites, years, etc., is needed, but the method appears very promising. For the two bunchgrasses tested, heat alone accounted for all mortality by fire, except during July. The time required for a specific temperature to kill plants varied with season. To predict thermal death times for bunchgrasses and thus simplify the laboratory determinations, an empirical equation was developed.


We investigated the effect of a fatty meal on plasma concentrations of lipids, apolipoproteins, and the cholesterol component of lipoproteins. Sixteen nonobese, healthy, asymptomatic males, 22–34 years of age, served as subjects for this study. None smoked, consumed more than two alcoholic drinks per day, or took any medication known to alter plasma lipids. After a 12 h fast, baseline plasma samples were obtained just before subjects consumed a high fat meal. The meal, standardized to a 70 kg individual, contained approximately 70 g fat, 580 mg cholesterol, and 1100 cal, with 56% of the calories coming from fat. During the 8 h following consumption of the meal, subjects rested quietly and consumed no food or beverages except water. Blood specimens were obtained hourly. There was a significant increase in plasma triglyceride (150% from baseline at 3 h, P < 0·0005). Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentrations increased 150% at 3 h (P < 0·0005) while low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration decreased 37% at 3 h (P < 0·005) when estimated by Friedewald's formula. No statistically significant differences were observed between fasting total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, and HDL3-C, apolipoprotein AI (apo AI, AII), and B-100 concentrations and non-fasting samples. We conclude that plasma triglyceride concentration is significantly affected in the post-prandial state. As a result, VLDL-C and LDL-C when assessed by the Friedewald formula are also altered. A minimum of 8 h fasting is required to assess these concentrations accurately in this population. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, apo AI, apo AII, and apo B-100 can be determined adequately using a non-fasting specimen.


To study the structural properties of load-bearing concrete masonry, 8 testing programs were initiated, and the results are presented herein.


Abstract The aim of this study was to compile the leaf area index (LAI) map of a 3×3 km VALERI test site in Järvselja, Estonia. Canopy transmittance measurements of LAI by LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzers and digital cameras supplied with fisheye converters were carried out on 42 elementary sampling units at ground level and at breast height level. The vegetation LAI was estimated as a sum of the tree canopy true green LAI obtained from the inversion of canopy gap fraction data and of the ground vegetation effective LAI. Red channel from SPOT-4 HRV-IR image and airborne lidar data based canopy transmittance were used for up-scaling. The LAI map was compared with standard LAI products from Terra MODIS and ENVISAT MERIS. We found that lidar data based LAI estimate on up-scaled map saturated at high values (LAI > 4.5) compared to the LAI estimates based on SPOT-4 HRV-IR red channel. Validation of MODIS LAI product revealed substantial underestimates of LAI compared to the up-scaled field measurements and rather large random noise. ENVISAT MERIS LAI product was more similar to up-scaled field measurements; however, rather large unexpected random variations exist in its time series.


Himal South Asian The murderous assault on Bombay by Islamist militants, at least some of whom were from Pakistan, has exposed once again the grave danger that radical Islamist movements pose to…


An accident analysis has been made to determine attention areas for the municipal traffic safety policy in Amsterdam. In this analysis are considered (1) the development of hazards during 1975-1979, (2) the global magnitude of hazards during 1975-1979 in relationship with a number of characteristics of accidents, and (3) a more detailed description with the aid of cross tables and conflict tables. The number of accidents increased during the period considered, but the number of victims did not increase. Between the different traffic categories there were some changes: less moped riders and pedestrians and more cyclists among the victims; 30% of the severely injured were road users in the age group 16-25; 20% of the victims were in the evening peak hours from 16.00-18.00 hours pm. (TRRL)


This paper reports the effect of phenylbut-3-en-2-one, of its analogues, bearing 3-nitro, 4-nitro, 4-chloro- and 4-dimethylamino substituents at the phenyl moiety, and of the hydrazide, phenylhydrazide and oxime of 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one on the growth and germ-tube formation of Candida spp., as well as their ability to interact with ergosterol in water/dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and their acute toxicity for mice. 3-Nitro-, 4-nitro- and 4-chlorophenylbut-3-en-2-ones inhibit candidial growth in vitro in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to >0.4 mᴍ and their activity is comparable to that of ketoconazole (in mg/l) and lower than that of amphotericin B. The rest of the compounds are inactive at >0.4 mᴍ. Germ-tube formation of C.albicans is inhibited at 0.04 mᴍ 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one and at 0.005 mᴍ of the 3-nitro isomer. A decrease in the absorption maxima in ergosterol mixtures with 4-dimethylamino, 3-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one and the oxime of the 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one was observed, indicative of interaction in water/DMF solutions, while no changes in the UV spectra of the remaining compounds were detectable. That suggests that the growth inhibiting effect is not in correlation with their ability to interact with ergosterol, despite the resemblance to polyenes. LD50 for mice is 367 mg/kg for 4-nitrophenylbut-3-en-2-one and 398 mg/ kg for the 3-nitro isomer


Industry's competitiveness evaluation index system of manufacturing industry for transport and communications was set up. Using principal component analysis to make comprehensive appraisal on the state of development of the manufacturing industry for transport and communications of the provinces and cities in the whole country of 2003, and getting the competitiveness rank of equipment manufacture of Hubei. Through comparison and analysis, the characteristic of this industry was summarized and the subject matter that exists among them was pointed out. Some relevant policy recommendations on this basis were provided as well.


The OLED display of a fine resonance method is disclosed. Disclosed an organic light emitting display apparatus of claim 1, 2, 3 includes a sub-pixel elements in the pixel unit, a first light-emitting layer of the sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is the same throughout the area of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel is formed in a pattern, the light emitting layer of the third sub-pixel has the structure formed in region and the discrete pattern of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel. With this structure it is possible to form a three-color light-emitting layer only two single mask process, when employing the same can be expected the effect of the high-resolution implementation of the reduced distance between the improved productivity of the simplified process and the deposition pattern.


The ultrastructures of the liver and kidney of Cuora flavomarginata were studied under transmission electron microscope.The results showed that the connective tissues are few in matter of liver and the dividing lines of liver Lobules are dim.There are two types of cell in liver cells,namely L cell and D cell.The glomerulus is composed of a ball of capillaries.Bowman's capsule is formed from flat epithelia at ektexine and podocytes on inner wall.The neck sect consists of monolayer cilia cube epithelia which its nucleolus is large,and there are many cilia that run out tubal cavity on dissociative side of cell and mitochondria arranged thick at periphery of nucleolus.The monolayer columnlike epithelia constitute the proximal convoluted tubule and its nucleolus that located in the middle part of cell is roundness and there are abundant mitochondria in cytoplast.The middle sect consists of monolayer cilia cube epithelia.The distal convoluted tubule is composed of the monolayer columnlike epithelia which nucleolus locates in the middle part of cell and there are abundant mitochondria at periphery of nucleolus and abundant inner membrane pleat at bottom of the cell.The collecting duct is composed of the monolayer columnlike epithelia and there are abundant membrane labyrinths in cytoplast.The ultrastructure of liver of Cuora flavomarginata resembles that of the other reptilia animals,while the ultrastructure of kidney relates to the ecological behaviour of Cuora flavomarginata.


Plankton samples were collected in July-August 1998 in the Andaman Sea near the island of Phuket, Thailand, and 31 clones of Pseudo-nitzschia were established in monoclonal culture and examined by light and electron microscopy. The species found included P. cf. cuspidata, P. delicatissima, P. cf. heimii, P. inflatula, P. pseudodelicatissima and P. sinica. In addition, two clones proved to belong to an undescribed species of Pseudo-nitzschia. The new species, P. micropora sp. nov., is characterized by cells less than 2 μm wide, absence of a central nodule, and striae with two rows of small poroids, each located close to an interstria.


For life testing from the exponential distribution the sequential probability ratio test is used to test hypotheses in which the exponential parameter and its alternatives change value a finite number of times during the test. Applications to nonexponential life distributions are indicated.


This contribution proposes an extension of the classic dynamic programming algorithm for detecting jumps in noisily observed piecewise-constant signals. The proposed algorithm operates (virtually) in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space through the use of an arbitrary kernel mapping. The resulting approach provides a computationally efficient an versatile tool for segmenting complex signals whose structure is not appropriately captured by standard parametric models.


1. Foundations of Organization Design. 2. Designing Individual Positions. 3. Designing the Superstructure. 4. Fleshing Out the Superstructure. 5. Untangling Decentralization. 6. Fitting Design to Situation. 7. Design as Configuration. 8. The Simple Structure. 9. The Machine Bureaucracy. 10. The Professional Bureaucracy. 11. The Divisionalized Form. 12. The Adhocracy. 13. Beyond Five. Bibliography. Index.


Let IP{A, c} denote the family of integer programs of the form Min cx: Ax = b, x ∈ Nn obtained by varying the right-hand side vector b but keeping A and c fixed. A test set for IPA, c is a set of vectors in Zn such that for each nonoptimal solution α to a program in this family, there is at least one element g in this set such that α-g has an improved cost value as compared to α. We describe a unique minimal test set for this family called the reduced Grobner basis of IP{A, c}. An algorithm for its construction is presented which we call a geometric Buchberger algorithm for integer programming and we show how an integer program may be solved using this test set. The reduced Grobner basis is then compared with some other known test sets from the literature. We also indicate an easy procedure to construct test sets with respect to all cost functions for a matrix A ∈ Zn-2×n of full row rank.


The article presents a discussion on the current situation of the municipalities, in the context of development. It highlights the key factors reflecting the needs and management capabilities of the municipality allowing for the formation of a rational functioning. It has been proposed to supplement the practical functioning of municipalities in the planning of the procedure, including a diagnosis of the current state and strategy, which ultimately enables management advantage. It presents the necessary changes in the management of the municipality in the context of coopetition enabling agreement with the competition. It discusses the related dilemmas and presents potential areas of cooperation.


After In 2004 The Korean Film Archive found nine feature length Korean films from the 1930s and 1940s. This recovery filled in a blank in the Korean film canon; now films of the Japanese Colonial period heretofore known only in books have become available for public review. In this paper, I attempt to study on the style of Korean films from Japanese colonial period. Although there has been hardly any extended writing about the historical development of film style, with or without its relation to film technology. The use of a film makes of the film"s style cannot be studied apart from the film"s use of narrative form. We shall find, again and again, that film style interacts with the formal system. Often film techniques support and enhance narrative form. In a narrative film, style can function to advance the cause-effect chain, create parallels, manipulate story/plot relations, or sustain the narration"s flow of information. But also, film style may become separate from narrative form, attracting our attention in its own right. Some uses of film technique can call our attention to patterns of style themselves.


Complete temperature fields over two contacting stationary bodies possessing different electric potentials have been numerically determined. Each body is treated separately using the results of previous work; the two bodies are coupled together using conditions of continuity over the contact for the thermal and electrical fields. Contours of constant temperature for two contacting bodies of various materials are given. Evolution and location of points of maximum temperature are also reported.


A series of thiourea ligand , N-N'diphenyl thiourea [I] [DPTH], N-phenyl-N'-[2-phenoyl] thiourea [II] [PPTH], N-phenyl-N'-[2-chlorophenyl] thiourea III [PCPTH], N-phenyl-N'[5-chloro-2methyl phenyl] thiourea IV [PCMPTH] and Nphenyl -N'-(5-chloro-2-methoxy phenyl) thiourea V (PCMTPTH) and their transition metal complexes of the type ML2 and ML2 Cl2 have been synthesized by reacting phenyl isothiocyanate with substituted aniline and transition metal salts. These newly synthesized ligands and their complexes were characterized by elemental and spectral studies. Based upon these studies it was revealed that in all the cases metal is coordinated through suphur group of thioamide of ligands. In case of nickel complexes, the nickel is coordinated to both oxygen and sulphur. In all the complexes metal is tetra coordinated forming a square planer geometry. Key word: Thiourea derivatives, transition metal complexes, Thioamide linkage, square planar geometry. broad spectrum of biological activity. They show wide range of biological activities like analgesic, malaricidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, and insecticidal activities. It was also obserbed that this activity was enhanced by complexing with certain transition metal elements15-18. In view of the importance of thiourea and their derivatives it was worth interesting to synthesize N-substituted thiourea ligand and their complexes with transition metal elements with the hope that they will produce the compounds of enhanced activity.


The objective of this research is to determine the knowledge and practices on HIV / AIDS that adolescents of the Dr. Baltazar Aguirre School of the Quinara parish of the province of Loja have, since there are worrisome figures that the WHO proposes where percentages of deaths are found in which every 12 minutes a young man dies because of this disease. Nowadays, more than a public health problem, it is a social problem that has put more than 14 million men and women in vulnerable conditions in the world, especially adolescents and young people, due to the lack of knowledge and of responsibility in sexual practice. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, with a sample of 120 students, who participated freely and voluntarily, for the purpose a survey was applied to gather information, whose objective was to determine the knowledge and practices on HIV / AIDS. The data was processed by the percentage calculation and expressed in tables. The results of the study indicate that 50.83% were female, and 49.17% were male, the majority being between middle adolescence, that is, between 15 and 19 years old; it is also found that the highest percentage of respondents have basic knowledge about HIV / AIDS; Not so with preventive practices of which 81.82% is not protected during sexual relations and only 5.45% use condoms or condoms as a means of prevention against this disease. With which we can conclude that the adolescents of the Dr. Baltazar Aguirre School have knowledge on the subject, and that they do not apply a safe preventive practice to avoid contracting HIV / AIDS.
Keywords: Adolescents, knowledge, sexual practices, HIV / AIDS, screening test.


ABSTRACT The patterns of cooperation between regions and urban spaces are no longer influenced, to the same extent, by national borders. Political integrative events changed the extent of transborder urban cooperation in the Baltic borderlands, a region that has undergone extensive changes. A social network analysis of cooperative ties in the form of town twinning indicates that the end of the Cold War strongly changed the network of town twinning in this region, whereas the effect of the various EU enlargement rounds seems to be more nuanced.


1 BPTH Intern MAEER'S Physiotherapy College, Talegaon Dabhade 2 Professor MAEER'S Physiotherapy College, Talegaon Dabhade 3 Principal, MAEER'S Physiotherapy College, Talegaon Dabhade Corresponding Author Prajakta Deshmukh BPTH Intern MAEER'S Physiotherapy College, Talegaon Dabhade Abstract Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine which is objectively demonstrable and is social and hygienic problem. The prevalence of urinary incontinence has been reported to increase at menopause and menopausal age. Aim: To find out the prevalence of urinary incontinence and risk factors among postmenopausal women. Subjects and Method: 105 subjects were selected in the age group of 45-65 based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in and around Talegaon Dabhade. Questionnaire of female urinary incontinence diagnosis was asked by the therapist to the subjects. Results: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was found to be 55% among postmenopausal women. Mixed urinary incontinence was the commonest type. Conclusion: The study shows the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 55% among postmenopausal women in Talegaon Dabhade. Parity 3 or more, Increasing age, Hysterectomy, Diabetes mellitus and high BMI were the risk factors associated with it.


Our flight to Delhi had been delayed by a few hours. As a result, when we – three academics from the University of Dhaka – arrived at Delhi's India International Centre at quarter past five on the 27th of March, 2009, for "Utsav" (the four day festival celebrating Rabindranath Tagore in the twenty-first century), we had missed the inaugural event, "Upasana," a rendering of a Sanskrit hymn set to music by Tagore himself. However, we had still managed to get the tail end of the second part of the inaugural session. This was the part dedicated to Tagore's devotional songs – "Music Under the Trees" as the Utsav brochure put it – sung soulfully by Laisa Ahmed Lisa. The ambience – GandhiKing Plaza – was perfect for the works of the poet-composer for whom nature was sacred and the source of all inspiration. The lush green lawn named after the two twentieth-century apostles of non-violence next to the entrance driveway of the Centre seemed to have soaked Lisa's solemnly sweet rendering of Tagore's soothing religious songs imperceptibly in the late evening sun. Even though we were in time for only two of the songs she had chosen for the occasion, listening to them we could see that the setting, the singers and the large crowd that had gathered for the opening events had melded perfectly and knew that we were in for a unique treat in the next few days. The next programme was scheduled for six o'clock and so we had half an hour to freshen up in our rooms and then explore the Centre. Built in 1962, the India International Centre is a testament to the liberal humanist and visionary aspects of two of the founding fathers of modern India, the visionary institution-builder Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and the sagacious Vice-President of the period, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Conceived as a place – according to its Founder-President Dr. C.D. Deshmukh – where "various currents of intellectual, political and economic thought would move freely," the Centre sits serenely in the heart of south Delhi, almost as if it is an indivisible part of the


A program is described to allow the dynamic graphic manipulation of molecules on a Tektronix 4054 graphics system. The program is useful for structure examination during X-ray crystal structure solution and for visualizing the results of structure determinations.


PURPOSE: To provide a system that responds to a feed control of drugs to an examinee or patient, including responses to physical and chemical changes that a subject or patient experiences through the provision of a closed loop feedback system or a drug feed system corresponding to actual demands. CONSTITUTION: An applicator system 340 is provided with a clock body 342 having an LCD 343, a computer assembly and a computer battery. A drug reservoir 344 has a microporous membrane 348 adapted to contact with a patient skin 350, through which the drug held inside the reservoir 344 is fed to the patient. The reservoir 344 involves a housing 352 and an annular downward edge or conductive flange 354 extending from the housing to contact with the skin 350, and the clock body 342 holds therein an applicator battery 356 over the reservoir 344. The flange 354 is provided on the underside of its outer edge with a conductive adhesive layer to carry the current indicated by imaginary lines 364 along the semipermeable drug reservoir membrane 348, skin 350 and flange 354. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Insufficient access to clean water and sanitation has become one of the most universal problems affecting human health in developing countries, water resources are facing high pollution rate due to ...


This paper provides an overview of arachnids recorded between 2017 and 2019 in Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Scotland. Species belonging to the orders Araneae (spiders), Opiliones (harvestmen), and Pseudoscorpiones (false scorpions) are included. Notable species are discussed and a comparison is made with prior information on the arachnids of the Gardens.


The modular coils on the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) present a number of significant engineering challenges due to their complex shapes, requirements for high dimensional accuracy and the high current density required in the modular coils due to space constraints. In order to address these challenges, an R&D program was established to develop the conductor, insulation scheme, manufacturing techniques, and procedures. A prototype winding named twisted racetrack coil (TRC) was of particular importance in dealing with these challenges. The TRC included a complex shaped winding form, conductor, insulation scheme, leads and termination, cooling system and coil clamps typical of the modular coil design. Even though the TRC is smaller in size than a modular coil, its similar complex geometry provided invaluable information in developing the final design, metrology techniques and development of manufacturing procedures. In addition a discussion of the development of the copper rope conductor including "Keystoning" concerns; the epoxy impregnation system (VPI) plus the tooling and equipment required to manufacture the modular coils will be presented


Abstract Positive electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been used to examine mixtures of alkali metal and alkaline earth cations with two 18-crown-6 carboxylic acid crown ethers, a bis-crown ether H2A and a mono crown ether dicarboxylic acid H2B. A variety of mononuclear and polynuclear complexes were observed as mono, di, and trications. Stoichiometries up to {A + 4K}2+ and {A + 2Ba}2+ were achi-eved at high guest/host ratios. Using published and estimated formation constants, the expected solution speciation was calculated for comparison with the complex ion intensities observed by ESI-MS. Due to the concentration range of the ESI-MS experiment, the complexes observed are minor components of the equilibrium solution. The observed complexes reflected a higher level of protonation than was expected based on previous solution studies. In cases of direct comparison between complex ions of like stoichiometry and charge, the ratio of ion intensities by ESI-MS reflects the solution selectivity of the hos...


The purpose of this study was examining structural relationships between organizational reward and front desk employee's individual creativity and between organizational reward and organizational commitment. Based on literature review, two sub-dimensions of organizational rewards were derived: intrinsic reward and extrinsic reward. The existing theoretical background proposes a mediating concept between organizational reward and front desk employee's organizational commitment. Based on the theoretical causal relationships between the constructs proposed, a conceptual model was proposed. The model was tested using the data collected from 183 hotel front desk employees. Data analysis indicates that two dimensions of organizational reward (intrinsic reward and extrinsic reward) helps to enhance front desk employee's individual creativity and his(or her) creativity leads to increase his(or her) organizational commitment. Based on data analysis, theoretical/managerial implications were discussed.