The biochemical and cytological mechanisms responsible for the differences in red color quality of apple s (Malus domestics Borkh.) were investigated. Copigmentation, the increase in absorbance maxima ( λmax) from anthocyanin and flavonoid interactions, is known to be a mechanism for producing variation in shade of red in flowers. In intact apple skin cells, the mean λmax was 550 nm, with no significant difference between genotypes. Furthermore, the ratio of flavonols and proanthocyanidins to anthocyanins was similar for all genotypes. Therefore, copigmentation is not a mechanism producing different shades of red in apples. Darkness of red skin was positively related to the proportion of red cells in the skin and the size of the vacuoles containing anthocyanins. Measurements of plastid pigments, chlorophyll, and carotenoids, compared with L*, a*, b* measurements, indicated that the visual blending of plastid pigments and anthocyanins has an important influence on red coloration of apple skin. Apple skin color is caused by the pigments chlorophyll and carotenoids located in plastids and the phenolic pigments (antho- cyanin, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins) located in the vacuole. The flavonols and proanthocyanidins do not contribute signifi- cantly to overall coloration but may be important in enhancing anthocyanin coloration by copigmentation. Color is traditionally measured by destructive techniques, such as isolation and quantitation of pigments, or by nondestructive measurements based on determination of the characteristics of light, transmitted or reflected, by the fruit. The relationships between pigment composition, color measurement, and percep- tion of color by the eye are complex, and evidence is lacking on the extent to which differences in pigment composition are apparent to the eye as color differences (Knee, 1980). In apples, red coloration is commercially desirable. Variation exists in the shade of red and the pattern of reddening (e.g., solid block or striping). This varia- tion depends on the genotype and on developmental and environ-


Advocates for media freedom have consistently argued that corruption goes down when journalists operating in a free media environment are able to expose the excesses of governmental leaders. An evolving body of research finds evidence to support this assertion. That research, however, has ignored issues of measurement, both of media freedom and of corruption. Measurement in both cases is complex. This paper focuses on perceptual measures of corruption based on public opinion surveys. It attempts to replicate the finding of a negative relationship between media freedom and corruption using multiple measures of media freedom. It also employs a second measure of corruption commonly used in the research literature. Presented to the International Conference, Media and the Public Sphere: Examining the Challenges in the New Communication Landscape, Sept. 5-6, 2013, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, U.S.A. The results presented in this paper are based on data not publicly released from the Gallup World Poll. The authors thank Gallup for permission to use these data. The paper also draws on data from Transparency International Global Perception Index, and the authors acknowledge the assistance of TI in gaining access to these data. Advocates for media freedom have consistently argued that corruption goes down when journalists operating in a free media environment are able to expose the excesses of governmental leaders. Indeed an evolving body of research finds evidence of a negative relationship between media freedom and level of corruption of a country even when controlling for several other political, social and economic characteristics of the country. These findings are encouraging since corruption, that is, the use of entrusted power for private gain, is believed to pose a serious challenge to development. Corruption undermines good governance by flouting formal processes, reducing accountability, compromising rule of law and encouraging the inefficient provision of services. One limitation to the findings, however, is that the validity of the measures of corruption that have been used in the research has been challenged. In fact, measurement of corruption is a complicated undertaking. Corruption generally is indexed by illegal, hidden activities that are hard to record. At present, several organizations measure corruption. Two distinct types of measures generally are used. One is perceptual, and the other is experiential. A perceptual measure relies either on the assessments by experts or by the public. An example of the former is the Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International, which includes expert assessments by country analysts and business leaders. This is the measure that has been used in most of the research on the relationship between media freedom and corruption. The second perceptual measure comes from the general public. The Gallup World Poll, for example, includes public assessments of corruption in a large number of countries around the world. Experiential indicators, by contrast, directly consider a person's behavior of giving or accepting bribes. An example is the Global Corruption Barometer of Transparency International. This paper uses a perceptual measures of corruption based on public opinion surveys. It attempts to replicate the finding of a negative relationship between media freedom and corruption using multiple measures of media freedom. It also uses the Transparency International Global Perception Index to measure corruption and to replicate the initial findings. The results challenge the general argument that media freedom unambiguously is associated with lower levels of corruption. Literature on Media Freedom and Corruption An emerging body of research suggests a negative relationship between media freedom and level of corruption of a country even when controlling for several other political and socioeconomic country characteristics. A World Bank Institute Report (Stapenhurst, 2000) used multiple case analyses all over the world to identify specific ways through which media can curb corruption. Corruption was defined as the abuse of public power for personal gain or for the benefit of a group to which one owes allegiance. The author argued that though higher levels of corruption, as measured by the Transparency International Index, are correlated with lower press freedom little is known about the best media strategies to fight corruption. The study, which focused mostly on governments' attempts to control the press, found that, in order to be effective in combating corruption, media have to be freed from political interference. Ahrend (2002) did not use the Transparency International. Instead, he used a corruption perception index compiled by a private risk rating agency, Political Risk Services Group, published in the International Country Risk Guide. In addition, he used the Freedom House yearly reports on press freedom, World Bank enrollment data for countries' level of education, and World Bank development indicators (GDP and trade openness). The study found that the impact of education on corruption depended on the capacities of civil society to oversee government representatives. If those capacities were high, education led to decrease of corruption. The data provided strong empirical evidence that lack of press freedom led to higher levels of corruption, but no evidence was found that corruption negatively affected press freedom. Brunetti and Weder (2003) also used the Freedom House Press Freedom Index and the International Country Risk Guide corruption indicator to assess the relationship between media freedom and corruption and how much improvement in corruption levels countries can expect from more media freedom. The estimated coefficients ranged from -0.015 to -0.037. According to the authors, an improvement of one standard deviation in press freedom could reduce corruption between 0.4 and 0.9 points (on the scale form 0 to 6). The authors also found that low levels of freedom of the press are associated with high levels of corruption, even when controlling for other important determinants of corruption. Norris (2004) used data from the Freedom House Press Freedom Survey and measured media access in 135 countries based on World Development Indicators monitoring the circulation of daily newspapers and the distribution of radio receivers and television sets per 1,000 population. The author concluded that societies that have both media freedom and widespread access to the mass media are characterized by many indicators of good governance and human development, as measured by the Human Development Index (UNDP Human Development Report, 2000), a combination of indicators based on longevity, educational achievement, and standard of living. To test the effect of media freedom and democracy on corruption, Chowdhury (2004) used the Freedom House press freedom measures, the corruption perception index published annually by the Transparency International, and Vanhanen's democracy index. The latter has two components: competition (the success of parties in elections) and participation (the percentage of the population that actually voted). The results suggested that higher levels of democracy, and especially voters' participation in elections, and media freedom have an impact on curbing corruption. Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index and the Freedom House Freedom of the Press three main indicators (legal, political and economic environments) were used by Freille, Haque and Kneller (2007) to examine the relationship between aggregate press freedom and corruption. The findings confirmed the conclusion of previous studies that restrictions in media freedom lead to higher corruption levels. The analysis also showed that political and economic pressure on the media are strongly related to corruption, while legal restrictions and regulations influencing the media are not strongly associated to higher corruption. The authors also found some evidence that the direction of causation is from a freer press to lower corruption. The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) is a research project aimed to create crosscountry indicators of governance. The WGI consist of six indicators of broad dimensions of governance covering over 200 countries since 1996: Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, and Control of Corruption. In their summary of the WGI methodology, Kaufmann, Kraay and Mastruzzi (2010) described Voice and Accountability as "capturing perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media "(p. 4). In the list of the 31 data sources used to create the Worldwide Governance Indicators, three dealt specifically with media assessments: Freedom House (though the Press freedom index is not specifically mentioned), Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom index, and International Research and Exchanges Board Media Sustainability Index. Camaj (2012) used Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index data as the dependent variable and Freedom House Press Freedom data as the independent variable to measure the relationship between media freedom and corruption. She accounted for electoral competitiveness, civil society, voter turnout, judicial independence and political system. The results showed a significant strong association between media freedom and corruption in crosssectional data from 133 countries around the world and suggested is that the direction was from more media freedom to less corruption. The author argued that the relationship between press freedom and corruption is stronger in countries with high levels of political accountability through institutions of checks and balances. The findings also showed that m


Thought experiments play an important epistemic, rhetorical, and didactic function in Galileo's dialogues. In some cases, Salviati, Sagredo, and Simplicio agree about what would happen in an imaginary scenario and try to understand whether the predicted outcome is compatible with their respective theoretical assumptions. There are, however, also situations in which the predictions of the three interlocutors turn out to be theory laden. Salviati, Sagredo, and Simplicio not only disagree about what would happen, but they reject one another's solutions as question begging and sometimes even dismiss one another's thought experiments as misleading or nonsensical.


Conducting routine inquiries into a job applicant's background has been a time-honored ritual of employers. In particular, the tool known as the "reference check," has long been a part of the bulwark of pre-employment inquiry. This practice has been further reinforced by courts of law in cases involving alleged negligent hiring and retention (Fenton 1990). The most common employer mistake that leads to liability for negligent hiring and retention is the failure to adequately investigate the background of an applicant when hiring certain types of employees (Usry and Mosier 1991). Further, research has shown that the more frequently an employer checks references, the less likely the employer to experience employee related problems including absenteeism, tardiness, attitude, and work quality and quantity (Bergmann, Decker, and Lorentz 1990). Interestingly, however, in the litigious environment of the 1980s and 1990s, the reference check has become a focal issue in court suits where ex-employee plaintiffs sue defendant ex-employers, alleging defamation of character and breach of privacy rights when the reference has resulted in a job applicant being refused employment (Decker 1988). Defamation in the context of employment is a common law personal inquiry allegation where the employer is alleged to have given false written or oral statements about a former employee. Libel is a type of defamation that addresses written or printed statements that invade a person's interest in reputation and good name. Slander, on the other hand, is spoken defamation (Keeton 1984). For a plaintiff to prove a claim of defamation in court, it must be proven that: (1) a statement has been made about him or her to another person; (2) the statement is false; (3) the statement must be "published," meaning transmitted to a third party; and, (4) the statement harms the reputation of the plaintiff by lowering his or her esteem or stature in the community or with other persons (Jacobs 1989). The bulk of all defamation court actions today are employment related (Middleton 1987). According to a survey published in 1988, fully one-third of all slander and libel cases were brought against employers for statements made about ex-employees to prospective employers. Verdicts were given to plaintiffs in an astounding 77 percent of these cases with average damages amounting to $166,094.00 (Agnew 1988).(1) Plaintiffs in defamation cases can typically seek both compensatory and punitive damages. Compensatory damages compensate an injured party only for injuries actually sustained and proved to have arisen directly from the defendant's actions. Punitive, or exemplary, damages are designed to punish a guilty party, making an example of the party in order to deter similar future conduct. Typically, punitive damage requests are significantly greater than basic compensatory requests. The authors of this study sought through the use of exploratory research to assess the small business manager's understanding of liability when responding to employment reference checks. Specifically, we sought to determine whether small firms are more or less willing than large firms to provide information about past employees? Additional inquiries sought to investigate differences among specific types of businesses (hotel/motel, banking, manufacturing) relative to their willingness to respond to employment reference checks. Considering plaintiff success rates (77 percent) in employment-related defamation suits, small business employers face a high level of risk from this type of court action. As such, this research is viewed as being important to both the small business-person and academic researcher. METHODOLOGY Sample Using the 1990 edition of the South Carolina Manufacturers and Banking Directories, 890 chief executive officers were randomly selected. Table 1 shows the job level of those managers who responded to the survey. Respondents represented a variety of industries including banking and finance, manufacturing and service industries (including food service) and hotel-motel. …


A distinctive feature of Finnish morphology is the possessive suffixes, which are found not only on possessed nouns, but also on adjectives, postpositions, and untensed verbs. Traditional grammars have taken the view that these suffixes arise through a rule of agreement with a genitive specifier, which may be subject to subsequent deletion rules. This paper shows that they are not agreement markers, but rather clitic allomorphs of the reflexive pronoun. X-bar theory is used to formulate rules governing their distribution.*


We discuss the Eisenbud-Harris theory of limit linear series, and survey a number of applications, ranging from the geometry of moduli spaces of curves to connectedness of certain Hurwitz spaces. We also present a more recent construction of limit linear series, and discuss applications and potential applications both to classical linear series and to their higher-rank generalization. In this series of lectures, we will survey the theory of linear series on curves, with a particular emphasis on degeneration techniques. We will also discuss the generalization to higher-rank vector bundles. The lecture plan is as follows: (1) Review of the basics of linear series on smooth curves and their ramification; discusssion of the theory of limit linear series developed by Eisenbud and Harris. (2) Discussion of several different applications of the Eisenbud-Harris theory. (3) Presentation of a more recent approach to limit linear series, and examination of the relationship to the Eisenbud-Harris approach. (4) Construction of linear series and limit linear series spaces, and the related notion of linked Grassmannians; an application to fibers of generalized Abel maps. (5) Discussion of higher-rank Brill-Noether theory, and approaches to it via degeneration techniques. We work throughout over an algebraically closed field F of characteristic 0, although we will periodically remark on the situation for positive characteristic, and some of the foundational results hold over much more general schemes. 1. Eisenbud-Harris limit linear series In this lecture, we begin by recalling basic definitions relating to linear series on smooth curves and ramification sequences, and preview some of the applications of the theory. We then discuss the theory of limit linear series developed by Eisenbud and Harris, which describes how linear series specialize under degenerations from smooth curves to curves of compact type. 1.1. Linear series on curves. Linear series arise naturally from the study of maps of varieties into projective space. Specifically, if X is a smooth proper curve over F , then F -linear maps from X to Pr of degree d correspond to pairs (L , {v0, . . . , vr}) of line bundles L on X of degree d together with sections {v0, . . . , vr} ∈ H0(X,L ) such that for every P ∈ X, at least one of the vi is nonvanishing at P . The map is non-degenerate (that is, does not have image contained in a hyperplane) if and only if the vi are linearly independent, and if we wish to work up to automorphism of Pr, we replace the vi by the (r + 1)-dimensional vector space V which they span. Finally, it turns out we can obtain a natural compactification of this space simply by dropping the requirement that V be non-vanishing at every point of X. Thus motivated, we have: Definition 1.1.1. A linear series of degree d and dimension r (also called a gd) on X is a pair (L , V ) where L is a line bundle of degree d on X, and V is an (r + 1)-dimensional subspace of H0(X,L ). We also briefly mention the idea of ramification, which plays an important role later:


Of 1,690 infants born after 38 completed weeks of gestation and examined at birth, 163 who showed moderate to severe subcutaneous wasting were selected for prospective study.


This study was undertaken to assess the microbiological quality and prevalence of pathogens in organic vegetables produced in Korea. A total of 189 organically grown vegetable samples (perilla leaf 50, lettuce 50, tomato 39, cucumber 50) were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate count, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica. The total aerobic plate counts were in the range of 4.2 to 7.7 log CFU g?¹ for perilla leaf, 5.0 to 8.0 log CFU g?¹ for lettuce, 4.0 to 7.5 log CFU g?¹ for tomato, and 6.6 to 8.6 log CFU g?¹ for cucumber. The highest counts were found in cucumber. E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Y. enterocolitica were not detected from any organically grown vegetable samples. This research suggests that continuous monitoring in organic vegetables is required to improve fresh produce safety.


The author studies properties of the functions G(x)=mink∈N{ek≥x} and G∗(x)=maxk∈N{ek≤x} and links the latter to the prime number counting function π(x) showing π(x)∼xG∗(x) via the prime number theorem.


ABSTRACT Physically separating daughter cells during cytokinesis requires contraction of an actin-myosin ring and vesicle-mediated membrane addition at the cleavage furrow. To identify vesicle trafficking proteins that function in cytokinesis, we screened deficiencies and mutations of candidate genes by live imaging the mitotic domains of the Drosophila embryo. In embryos homozygous for some of these deficiencies, we observed several cytokinesis phenotypes, including slow furrow ingression and increased membrane blebbing. We also found that cytokinesis required the Sec1/Munc18 homolog Rop, which interacts with syntaxin and mediates exocytosis at the plasma membrane. In a temperature-sensitive Rop mutant (RopTS), the contractile ring disassembled during furrow ingression, indicating that maintenance of the ring required vesicle addition. Furthermore, in some dividing RopTS cells, the shape of the daughter cells became unstable, causing cytokinesis failure. These results further highlight the importance of vesicle trafficking in animal cytokinesis and show that vesicle fusion influences cell shape during cytokinesis. Summary: Live-imaging genetic screens revealed that Rop, a homolog of the syntaxin-interacting protein Sec1/Munc18, is required for maintaining contractile ring integrity and cell shape during furrow ingression.


Sensing using silicon integrated optics enjoys the benefits of both optics and integrated circuit (IC) technologies. The advent of MEMS technologies can potentially lead to a new generation of miniaturized optical sensing devices and systems. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and measurement results of silicon integrated optical pressure sensors based on a micromechanical Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The MZI employs the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW), the fabrication of which is based on standard IC dielectric materials that are also micromachining-compatible, yielding losses as low as 1 dB/cm. The theory and operation of the waveguide as well as sensor transduction principles are described along with a rigorous semi-analytical treatment of the coupled opto-mechanical effects on photonic transport taking into account the anisotropic nature of the MZI mechanical and optical properties. Based on the above analysis, design considerations with corresponding measurement results for two sensor configurations are presented: a single MZI operated in push-pull mode which yields a sensitivity enhancement of 80% yielding 180 /spl mu/rads/Pa relative to the nonpush-pull counterpart, and a dual-MZI configuration for removal of ambiguity associated with multiple fringes.


Being different from other types of biological characteristics, the image of human face can be gained through a direct and natural way, besides, relatively speaking, the equipment of collecting human face is more economical and prevailing. Direct, friendly, convenient, not encroaching upon users' privacy, being a non-infringement identification technology face recognition technology can be accepted easily by the users. This article mainly aims at summarizing the human face recognition technology, and outlook the future of the development prospects.


Objective
To observe the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection in combined surgery of acute angle-closure glaucoma and cataract.

Methods
A prospective control study. Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients of acute angle closure glaucoma combined with cataract from Jan. 2017 to Mar. 2018 were randomly divided into two groups, 26 eyes in each group. All patients underwent phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy. In TA group, intravitreal injection of TA was proformed during operation. The follow-up time was 1 month.

Results
The visual acuity of TA group after operation was better than that of the control group (t=-2.614, P=0.018). At 1 and 10 days after operation, the control of anterior chamber inflammation in TA group was better than that of the control group (P=0.005, 0.004). The difference was not significant in intraocular pressure between the two groups at each time points after operation (P>0.05).

Conclusion
Intravitreal injection of TA can effectively control the inflammatory reaction after the combined operation of glaucoma and cataract, can get better visual acuity.

Key words:
Glaucoma, cataract; Phacoemulsification; Trabeculectomy; Triamcinolone acetonide, intravitreal injection


thinking about Theravada reformist movements as a whole and not simply about specific Buddhist polities. It is also a useful point to remember as Carbine points out at the end that, while Buddhism with its emphasis on the continuity of the Sāsana can be used as a part of the democratic process, Buddhism in its structural forms is no more conducive to democracy than it is to military rule. While there is much about this book that is admirable and would be a useful addition to an upper-level undergraduate course on Buddhism, there are two related issues that I think weaken its impact. Firstly, while the book provides interesting and valuable analysis of the Shwegyin, it never makes an argument for why the Shwegyin deserve this attention. Why should we examine them, as opposed to another Buddhist group (and indeed much of the discussion about continuities/ruptures could apply to other Buddhist institutions, as Carbine notes in the conclusion)? The second—related—point is that, while the Shwegyin can be examined in relation to the notion of continuity and rupture that Carbine explores, it is not clear that they need to be. In particular, while these categories may be implicit in Shwegyin culture, the monks Carbine quotes did not seem to be concerned with tradition in the way he was (at least from the evidence he provides). While this calls into question some of the theoretical breadth of the book, nonetheless Sons of the Buddha lets us see some of the deep structures that persist within the more volatile political context of Myanmar.


The physiological responses of the blue shrimp were determined by exposing the organisms to temperatures of 23ºC, 28ºC and 33ºC, and salinities of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40‰. Oxygen consumption of Litopenaeus stylirostris exposed to experimental salinities increased in direct relationship with temperature, even though at 28ºC the metabolic rate was steady. The ammonium excretion of and therefore


When the conflict between new and old styles happen,the different camps are accustomed to raising the valve of their own style in order to collect faith and obtain mastery.The emphasis on oneself tends to restrict cultural the field of vision,and disturbs new and old style's benign evolution.The stylistic integration is to achieve synthesis,complement each other and to avoid cultural crankiness.


The new technology of cross wedge rolling has been using in production of blank forming of oil ejector body. This article shows main design parameters about cross wedge rolling die.The process has many advantages,such as high efficiency, good quality and saving material etc.


Rats were ovariectomized for 3 weeks and then treated for 3 days with 4 mg progesterone. The cytosolic oestradiol receptor content in the stroma cells was very high (approximately 21,000 binding sites/cell) as compared with that in the epithelial cells (approximately 3000 binding sites/cell). The nuclear receptor values were low (approximately 500 binding sites/cell) in both types of cell.


Abstract This article describes an approach to the design of interactive hypermedia in tertiary education that is focused in a perspective which contextualises Performance Support Systems (PSSs) as cognitive tools. The software described is specifically aimed at student teachers and is conceptualised to provide cognitive support in the performance of a complex task – the planning of lessons. In providing this support, the software needs to possess a range of characteristics that are closely related to what we know about cognitive processes, particularly in relation to the performance of non-simplistic tasks in the context of real-life or authentic situations. Whilst this article is intended to present a view as to why PSSs might be of interest to tertiary educators, particularly with reference to the notion of computers as cognitive tools, it does so by considering a specific case – the design of the Lesson Planning System (LPS). Furthermore, although this article originates in a wider research and develo...


In this paper we investigate the co-authorship graph obtained from all papers published at SIGMOD between 1975 and 2002. We find some interesting facts, for instance, the identity of the authors who, on average, are "closest" to all other authors at a given time. We also show that SIGMOD's co-authorship graph is yet another example of a small world---a graph topology which has received a lot of attention recently. A companion web site for this paper can be found at http://db.cs.ualberta.ca/coauthorship.


Previous work on the topic of chiropractic research capacity in Canada has shown that currently less than 1% of chiropractors across the country are conducting research on a full time basis.1 That survey consisted of two parts, a first sent to the entire profession nationwide and a second sent only to those with post-graduate training or who indicated in the first part that they were currently conducting research.1 The main findings from the first part of the survey indicated that there were 94 chiropractors who either have or are in the process of completing a master's degree, along with 30 who either possess or are completing a PhD.1 There was a noticeable discrepancy in terms of researcher distribution across the country with the vast majority being found in Ontario and Quebec and the remaining provinces and territories suffering from a considerable lack of researchers.1

The second part of the survey found that there are 20 full time chiropractic researchers and 55 part time researchers.1 Once again the vast majority of these researchers were found in Quebec and Ontario.1 Among the full time researchers 8 were conducting clinical re-search, 9 were doing epidemiological research, 6 were neurophysiologists, and there were 4 biomechanists.1 The full time researchers averaged 17.8 publications in peer-reviewed journals over the past 5 years, compared with 3. 2 papers by the part time researchers in the same time span.1 Ten of the full time researchers indicated receiving government funding for their work, 5 received institutional funding, 3 received private funding, and 4 received funding from the profession.1 By comparison 4 of the part time researchers indicated receiving government funding for their work, 12 received institutional funding, 3 received private funding, and 3 received funding from the profession.1

Key message

Less than 1% of chiropractors in Canada are actively engaged in research

Chiropractic researchers in Canada are substantially under-funded.

Many chiropractic researchers and graduate students are solely self-funded.

Finding new ways to secure funding for chiropractic researchers is imperative.

There is an urgent need to continue to build chiropractic research capacity.

Phase 3

In this final part of our survey, we focused on the "financial aspects" of funding health research, health researchers and researchers in training positions. We attempted to quantify in a general sense the amount of funding which supports chiropractic research and researchers in Canada. This information is important for many reasons. For example:

It will allow us to better focus strategic planning over the next 5 year period to prioritize and partner strategically

It will help us continue to build capacity and create new funding opportunities

It will help us accelerate the application of knowledge

It will identify gaps in capacity, research and funding

It will help us increase the number of trainees and researchers

The purpose of this project is to quantify the funding levels and delineate the types of funding obtained by chiropractic researchers in Canada.


Simulation studies on an active all-wheel-steering car show that disturbance of vehicle parameters have high influence on lateral car dynamics. This motivates the need of robust design against such parameter uncertainties. A specific parametrisation is established combining deterministic, velocity-dependent steering control parameters with partly uncertain, velocity-independent vehicle parameters for simultaneous use in a numerical optimisation process. Model-based objectives are formulated and summarised in a multi-objective optimisation problem where especially the lateral steady-state behaviour is improved by an adaption strategy based on measurable uncertainties. The normally distributed uncertainties are generated by optimal Latin hypercube sampling and a response surface based strategy helps to cut down time consuming model evaluations which offers the possibility to use a genetic optimisation algorithm. Optimisation results are discussed in different criterion spaces and the achieved improvements confirm the validity of the proposed procedure.


New media news client now largely replaces traditional newspaper media. Mobile-phone application node is the key component of distributed mobile phone, which offers reading newspaper on mobile phone. The performance mobile- phone application node has great impact on telephone user's experience. This paper uses DTMC-based model checking methodology to evaluate mobile-phone application node's performance such as Sina or Tencent News client. Based on the analysis of news node's working process, the probability of steady-state is chosen as the performance index to study different parameters' influence on it. Furthermore, trend that the probability of steady-state of News node varies with the effect of probability from "WeChat" state to "Weibo" state and probability from "Game" state to "Video" state is derived thereby.


In a communication which I had the honour of making to the Royal Society in the spring of this year, the following statement occurs (p. 420):—"We are (with the help of Mr. Callendar) now entering on a careful direct comparison of thermometer Em with a new form of air thermometer, which, there is every reason to believe, will give very accurate results, but we are unable to assign any definite limit to the time that this investigation may take." A great number of comparisons have been made during the summer of this year by Mr. Callendar and myself between the mercury thermometer Em used by me for determining the temperature of the calorimeter, the Tonnelot thermometer, No. 11,048, described in the above paper (pp. 426—433), the platinum thermometer N, by which the mercury thermometer Em had been previously standardised, and two air thermometers constructed by Hicks under Mr. Callendar's direction.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) in the control of PPH

Patients and Methods: All patients with massive PPH who failed medical and surgical treatment were eligible for the investigation. Massive PPH was defined as loss of > 1000 ml of blood within 24 h after delivery. Patients were considered for treatment with rFVIIa after failure of conventional measures such administration of myotonic agents including oxytocin, ergotamine, misoprostol and failure of other interventions aimed at controlling blood loss such as ligation of uterine and ovarian vessels, or ligation of internal iliac artery. The primary outcome measures were control of the bleeding episode and reduction in the number of administered blood products.

Results: A total of 16 patients with massive PPH were eligible for the current study. Vaginal and vacuum delivery was used in 6 patients while 10 patients underwent C-section. The mean dose of rFVIIa was 68 mcg/kg administered intravenously as a single bolus injection. Mean time of diagnosing PPH and administration was 5.5 hours (+/−2). The mean number of blood products used prior the administration of rFVIIa was 14 units RBC and 12 units of FFP. Cessation of blood loss was achieved in 14 patients within an average of 20 minutes after the administration of rFVIIa. The blood products utlilized after the administration of rFVIIa in these patients were 2 URBC and 2UFFP. The uterus was conserved in 7 patients who received rFVIIa prior to hysterectomy. While in 9 patients rFVIIa was administered after failure of hysterectomy to control blood loss. Of the 16 patients, 3 died because of multiorgan failure following severe blood loss. No adverse events including thromboembolic phenomena were observed.

Conclusion: Massive PPH is the most common cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. The use of rFVIIa in patients with massive PPH can achieve hemostasis with a single dose only. The administration of rFVIIa in patients with massive PPH may avoid the need for hysterectomy. There were no safety issues in the current study. Further trials should address the dose and timing of administration of rFVIIa in patients with massive PPH.


Environmental risk assessment of metal mixtures is challenging due to the large number of possible mixtures and interactions. Mixture toxicity data cannot realistically be generated for all relevant scenarios. Therefore, methods for prediction of mixture toxicity from single‐metal toxicity data are needed. We tested how well toxicity of Cu‐Ni‐Zn mixtures to Daphnia magna populations can be predicted based on the Dynamic Energy Budget theory with an individual‐based model (DEB‐IBM), assuming non‐interactivity of metals on the physiological level. We exposed D. magna populations to Cu, Ni, and Zn and their mixture at a fixed concentration ratio. We calibrated the DEB‐IBM with single‐metal data and generated blind predictions of mixture toxicity (population size over time), with account for uncertainty. We compared the predictive performance of the DEB‐IBM with respect to mixture effects on population density and population growth rates with that of two reference models applied on the population level, independent action and concentration addition. Our inferred physiological modes of action (pMoA) differed from literature‐reported pMoAs, raising the question of whether this is a result of different model selection approaches, intraspecific variability, or whether different pMoAs might actually drive toxicity in a population context. Observed mixture effects were concentration‐ and endpoint‐dependent. The independent action was overall more accurate than the concentration addition but concentration addition‐predicted effects on population growth rate were slightly better. The DEB‐IBM most accurately predicted effects on 6‐week density, including antagonistic effects at high concentrations, which emerged from non‐interactivity at the physiological level. Mixture effects on initial population growth rate appear to be more difficult to predict. To explain why model accuracy is endpoint‐dependent, relationships between individual‐level and population‐level endpoints should be illuminated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3034–3048. © 2021 SETAC


In this study, an analytical solution for the buckling of a composite cylindrical shell subjected to hydrostatic pressure is proposed. The boundary conditions of the composite cylindrical shell are cantilever-like, with one end fixed and the other end connected to a rigid disk. The differential equations are solved using the Galerkin method. The axial displacement of the shell is approximated by the first mode shape of the transverse vibration of the clamped sliding beam. The circumferential displacement and deflection are approximated by the first derivation of the beam function. Based on this solution, an analytical formula enabling prediction of the critical buckling pressure and buckling mode of composite orthotropic cylindrical shells is derived. A finite element analysis and external hydrostatic pressure test are conducted to verify the proposed approach. The efficiency and accuracy of the analytical solution in predicting the critical buckling pressure and buckling mode are demonstrated.


L'eLearning is for Universities a chance and a challenge that must be faced. But several experimental tests lead in the last 8-10 years, and the well-known advanced maturity of the market ask for higher degree of quality that allows to leave the logic of experimentation to enter the logic of service. At the same time notebook, Internet, wi-fi, mobile phones and multimedia presentations enter the daily life of students and professors modifying the traditional learning environment and its actors. Little attention has been given to the research about this phenomenon. The No Paper Project idea was born from this consideration. This article shows the results of an empirical research lead by an ethnographical methodology about the use of personal computer and Web wireless technologies in university and domestic environment.


Ice blasting with explosives is an important method for mitigating or preventing ice jam floods during the spring breakup of frozen rivers. Successful blasting relies on properly determining the relationships between parameters including blasting crater radius, explosive weight, ice cover thickness, and water depth, though variations in the final three factors have significant effects on the blasting crater radius. We conducted field experiments in an upper reach of the Heilong (Amur) River, which forms the border between China and Russia, in order to develop an empirical formula correlating these factors. The blasting crater radius determined by the proposed equation resulted in average errors of less than 8.5% when compared with the measured values. This formula was used for ice blasting along the upper Heilong River in spring 2016 and 2017, successfully preventing ice jam formation during river breakup and thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention of ice-related flooding in northern regions.


The grass-roots youth league organization is a total green youth league various work of stop for a rest the point,is also big satge of the member youth backlog experience,the ability of training,the demonstration artistic talent.In recent years,the Chanqing oil building company set up the company to experience the two profession to turn the reorganization,having already become the ground that gathers the design and constructions as integral whole to constuct the profession to turn the company.At present the company is being placed in the strategic transformation period of a very importance,facing the unprecedented development opportunity and challenging,only all together youth the employee recognizes the pure situation,explicit mission,then can be again good for company and quickly develop to do a larger contribution.How under the condition that business enterprise reforms the history of the reorganization,investigate the new alignment,construct the new structure and form,keep the grass-roots regiment of business enterprise to set up the development power head of the work,keep the consecution and usefulnesses of the work of the regiment,is a topic worthy of taking into the study and thinking in the fulfillment.Aim at the grass-roots regiment organization constucts the existent above problem,the oil sets up the company regiment committee to combine the company actual condition,constucted the aspect to do some works in the grass-roots youth league organization,make green organization system of the company regiment gradually perfect reasonable,the dry troops character of youth league contain obvious exaltation,but still exist a lot of shortage,need us to further go to perfect,go to improve.


Chronic pain causes chronic fatigue, through various physiological and psychological mechanisms.9 In addition to neurology and biochemistry, pain and fatigue can be studied ethnographically, as sensations perceived by the individual experiencing them.11 For some researchers, this includes autoethnography, analysing one's own experience.1,3,7 Using that approach, I propose 3 additions to the research agenda set by Van Damme et al.9


PDK International hires four new employees: Shayla Cornick, director of Educators Rising; Joshuma Ford, director of finance; Anna Matthews, policy and business development analyst; and Terrance Morrison, membership associate. PDK donors honor educators who transform students' lives. The June Educators Rising conference brought together more than 1,300 students and teacher leaders.


The paper focuses on the lane occupation effects of traffic capacity and vehicle queue. Based on the traffic wave and queue theory, traffic capacity evaluation model and traffic viscosity kinematic model are built. Applying MATLAB and Excel to analysis and solving, accident effects on change of traffic capacity and the variation impacts of different lanes to traffic capacity are summed up. Also, the relationship among vehicle queue length, traffic capacity, traffic accident time and traffic flow is obtained. Based on traffic wave viscosity kinematic model, time of vehicle queue length reaching upstream can be calculated.


The invention relates to the cosmetic use of a copolymer of amino acids of the statistical formula: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) wherein - a and b are each independently 1 or 2; - A and B are identical or different and represent an amino acid selected from: Arginine, Serine, Proline, Glycine, Histidine, Alanine, Lysine, Ornithine, Citrulline, urocanic acid, asparagine or tyrosine; (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) - Z is an integer such that the average molecular weight is between 1000 and 100000 and / or a salt thereof Application: cosmetics .


An all‐solid‐state flexible generator–capacitor polymer composite film converts low‐frequency biomechanical energy into stored electric energy. This design, which combines the functionality of a generator with a capacitor, is realized by employing poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) in the simultaneous dual role of piezoelectric generator and polymer matrices of the flexible capacitor. Proper surface modification of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fillers in the polymeric matrices is indispensable in achieving the superior energy storage performance of the composite film. The heightened dielectric performance stems from enhanced compatibility of the rGO fillers and PVDF‐HFP matrices, and a microcapacitor model properly explains the dielectric behaviors. A device that is easily fabricated using our film allows timely decoupled motion energy harvest and output of the motion‐generated electricity. This report opens new design possibilities in the fields of motion sensors, information storage and high‐voltage output by accumulating low‐frequency random biological motions.


. Patients with radiological findings suggesting a bone sarcoma should be referred without prior biopsy to a centre with particular bone sarcoma experience. Histological diagnosis is made by open surgical biopsy. Osteosarcoma is divided into osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, telangiectatic and mixed subtypes. Paraosteal osteosarcoma is a low grade tumor arising on the bone surface.


In the Bias Voltage Model of particle radiation detector,low-frequency output voltage ripple was found.We found that ripple phase transformation can effectively eliminate the low-frequency output voltage ripple.Through theoretical analysis and PSpice simulation,a kind of circuit was designed.This circuit was implemented in a high-energy particle detector of satellite,the BVM output voltage ripple coefficient is small,met the design objectives.Test proved that this circuit design,simple,efficient,can be related to reference circuit design.


Inclusive psi production in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation at 29 GeV has been measured with the Mark II detector. The psi cross section is found to be 1.1 +- 0.5 +- 0.4 pb. After subtraction of the expected contribution from B decay, an upper limit of 0.02sigma/sub ..mu..//sub ..mu../ is obtained for other sources of psi production.


Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, Stem Cell Institute, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Correspondence to: Daniel J. Garry, MD, PhD. Lillehei Heart Institute, 2231 6th St SE, (CCRB 4-146), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Email: email@example.com. Provenance and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the editorial office, Annals of Translational Medicine. The article did not undergo external peer review. Comment on: Wang Y, Qiu W, Liu N, et al. Forkhead box K1 regulates the malignant behavior of gastric cancer by inhibiting autophagy. Ann Transl Med 2020;8:107.


Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα), interleukin 6(IL 6) and the heart function of patients with congestive heart failure. Methods Serum levels of TNFα and IL 6 in 57 patients with congestive heart failure and 20 healthy people were determined by ELISA. Results Serum level of TNFα in patients with moderate to severe heart failure were higher than those with mild heart failure and healthy people( P 0.01). Serum level of IL 6 in all patients were significantly higher than healthy people( P 0.01), and the level in moderate to severe patients were higher than those in mild to moderate patients( P 0.01). The level of TNFα and IL 6 were similar in patients with heart failure result from different etiology( P 0.05). TNFα and IL 6 levels of mild to moderate heart failure patients decreased after improvement of cardiac function ( P 0.05). Conclusion Serum levels of TNFα and IL 6 in patients with moderate to severe heart failure are higher than healthy people, the levels of these cytokines are not related to the etiology of heart failure.


An optical data destruction system using a high power laser beam is introduced. The system exposes data marks on optical media to a focused high power line beam. The exposure changes the physical and optical properties of the data marks and surrounding layers, making retrieval of the data impossible. Maintaining the focused laser beam on a data layer is achieved by a focus servo using a diffractive optical element (DOE). The system performance is evaluated from a number of destruction experiments on CD-Recordable (CD-R) and CD-ReWritable (CD-RW).


Platelet concentrates are derivatives of blood that aid in haemostasis and wound healing after periodontal regenerative procedures. Its ability to act as a natural scaffold of growth factors has gained significance in many surgical procedures. This review article aims to briefly describe the different platelet concentrates used in the field of periodontology.


'Big data' is the latest buzz phrase in health services research and health care policy circles. Dramatic transformations and advances are promised but is the hyperbole justified?


Two  debut novelists muscls up against giants of the genre as the long-list is announced for the 2013 Theakstons Old Peculier Crime Novel of the ...


The thermal expansion coefficient of complex perovskite-type oxides increases with the increase in the oxygen ionic conductivity. In the present study, with the aim to explain such a behavior, a research has been carried out from a chemical bond point of view. The ionicity f i µ of the individual bond µ, A–O and B–O bonds, and the thermal expansion coefficient of A 1- x A' x B 1- y B' y O 3-δ were estimated theoretically. It is found that the oxygen ionic conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient decrease with the increase in the difference of ionicity Δ f i .


Two multimode integrated optics devices were demonstrated: an asymmetric bus access coupler for passive linear bidirectional fiber optic bus and a combined optical-to- electrical converter and bidirectional data transceiver. The integrated optics devices were made using electric field assisted Ag-Na ion-exchange processes; the versatility of the ion-exchange process allowed for the implementation of these integrated optics devices, which by the use of commercial fiber optical devices would have been difficult. The design of the asymmetric bus access coupler enable d efficient coupling from a node to the bus while the fraction of optical power that was coupled from the bus into the node was optimized for the number of nodes. The optimization of the coupler for an LED source allowed for 7 nodes to be connected in the bus for a 30-dB optical power budget. A 27 percent optical-to-electrical power conversion efficiency was obtained for a customized 10-element photovoltaic array that was illuminated by the use of a customized 1 by 10 integrated optics coupler; in addition, the design of the array and coupler enable bidirectional optical data transmission via a single multimode fiber.


An introspective look at the illustrative power of field experience, this article makes analogies between field experiences and the larger pursuit of geography research. The setting is the White Mountains of California, but the ideas in this article expand the local experience that informs much larger themes.


If Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is to develop into an effective decision support instrument globally, then it should not just rely only on the input provided by a selected group of countries. In this context, the understanding of how to apply SEA effectively in different planning systems is unlikely to improve if the knowledge about those systems is limited. This paper establishes what appears to make SEA effective in two countries with different planning systems: Italy and the UK. Italy is chosen as an example, representing a specific Southern-European planning culture, which to date has not contributed to the SEA literature to any great extent. Based on empirical observations, it is suggested that the SEA effectiveness elements portrayed in the international literature are not fully valid. The UK is chosen as an example, which represents a specific Northern-European planning culture. Countries representing this planning culture have contributed heavily to the international SEA literature and have influenced the development of SEA theory strongly. In this context, the SEA effectiveness elements and benefits portrayed in the international literature appear to be valid. As part of a PhD research project, this paper builds on the findings of a content analysis of the international SEA literature (Fischer and Gazzola, 2006).


The study compares contemporary perspectives on plus-size fashion in northern and southern Europe, currently an emerging trend and yet controversial and under-researched topic in the fashion industry. The study follows a mixed method approach. Qualitative interviews with fashion professionals (i.e. fashion designers, fashion stylists, trend curators and fashion marketers) and quantitative methods (i.e. questionnaires with fashion consumers) are used to explore the state of the industry, contradicting perceptions of fashion in southern and northern Europe, and the exploring the root of these perceptions and market development opportunities for plus-size fashion. The study presents significant implications for practitioners who wish to overcome consumer cultural barriers, design products that meet the needs of a diverse set of customers, and create successful marketing campaigns with consideration of various cultural dimensions.


Carla Rice's book, Becoming Women: The Embodied Self in Image Culture, brings the reader deep into the discussion of girlhood as understood from the perspective of embodiment. The analysis focuses on the experiences of women who came of age anywhere between the late 1970s and the early 1990s—the generation eclipsed and bounded by the second and third waves of feminism, an "unnamed cohort" (5) overlooked by researchers more interested in feminism's defining moments. Having interviewed almost a hundred Canadian women aged from 20 to 45 about their experiences of maturation in a consumerist, media-saturated culture that offered limited access to feminist organizing, Rice suggests that their narratives of embodied transitions from childhood to womanhood convey complex and ambiguous understandings of gender, race, sexuality, disability, and other dimensions of identity. Written in an accessible and engaging manner, the book stands out not only for its wide thematic scope, but also for the deliberate and thoughtful emphasis on how the ideas about racial and bodily difference shape the process of embodied self-making. All too often, feminist research on body image focuses on white, middle-class, able-bodied females, and Rice admits her initial difficulty with recruiting diverse participants. To ground her research in a multiplicity of voices, Rice reached participants from various social locations through a strategic approach that included snowball and targeted sampling as well as distributing flyers that directly addressed women who identify with minority groups. The resulting intersectional analysis is the book's defining strength. Historically, theories of child development imagined children as imperfect, incomplete beings-in-the-making or, as Jens Qvortrup suggested, as "human becomings" (1994: 4) juxtaposed against supposedly rational and independent adults. Childhood itself has often been understood to be a transitional state, a journey towards an adulthood believed to be a stable,


The paper presents the synthesis and thermal behavior of novel epoxy resins prepared from epoxidized castor oil in the presence of or without trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMP) crosslinked with 3-hexahydro-4-methylphtalic anhydride (MHHPA) and their comparison with a petroleum-based epoxy resin (MHHPA and TMP). Epoxidized castor oil (ECO) was obtained via in situ epoxidation of castor oil with peroxyacetic acid. The chemical structures of castor oil (CO), ECO, and epoxy matrix were confirmed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The morphological and thermal behavior of the resulting products have been investigated. Compared to petroleum-based resins, castor oil-based ones have a lower Tg. Anyway, the introduction of TMP increases the Tg of the resins containing ECO. The morphological behavior is not significantly influenced by using ECO or by adding TMP in the synthesis of resins. The dielectric properties of epoxy resins have been analyzed as a function of frequency (1 kHz–1 MHz) and temperature (−50 to 200 °C). The water absorption test showed that as Tg increased, the percent mass of water ingress decreased.


Abstract : Immunization of humans occupies an important place in the system of reducing and eradicating infectious diseases. The role of inoculations against separate groups and various forms of infections is not the same. Particularly promising are inoculations against aerial-droplet infections, vector (especially zoonotic) infections, and diseases against which it is possible to use toxoids for immunization. Special attention is merited by the feasibility of carrying out combined immunization, since this makes it possible to reduce the number of injections which would have to be given in the case of separate inoculations. Though such inoculations may be carried out with any preparations, chemical vaccines are most suitable for this. As a rule inoculations are accompanied by a vaccinal process which is primarily different from the infectious process. The positive role of innoculations considerably surpasses the shortcomings of reactions in inoculated persons.


A beam waveguide is a mechanism for guiding electromagnetic radiation from one part of an antenna to another through a series of reflectors. Appropriate placement of reflectors on an antenna allows a beam to be guided around the elevation axis and/or below the alidade. The beam waveguide permits placement of all electronics in a room on the alidade below the elevation axis, or below the alidade; feed horn covers to be protected from the weather; and feed electronics to be in spacious rooms rather than in crowded cones, and always level rather than tipping with change in elevation angle. These factors can lead to lower costs in implementation such as Ka-band, better antenna performance at X-band, more efficient and stable performance of transmitters and receivers, and lower maintenance and operating costs. Studies are underway to determine methods for converting the major antennas of the Deep Space Network (DSN) to beam waveguide operations by 1995.


Circuit cooking device and process for heating an object. The invention relates to a circuit cooking device with a group of heating units (22), a control unit (30) which is provided to form a group of heating heating units (22) adapted to position choice of battery preparation (18, 20), and a device for signal processing (32), which is provided for processing a signal (42.1, 42.2) to a form adapted for power operation of the unit heating. To optimize operation cooking economically, it is proposed that the device signal processing (32) having a first processing unit signals (36.1) for supplying a first subgroup of heating units (22) and at least a second signal processing unit (36.2) for supplying a second subgroup of heating units (22).


In this paper we study an extension of the linear production game (LPG) introduced by Owen (1975). We discuss LPG with players who have flexible resources. Here, flexibility means that a player has a universal resource (e.g. working time) which he can split up (e.g. to execute different tasks). To model resource flexibility we extend the original LPG with constraints similar to the condition in Hall's famous marriage theorem. The resources of the players can be used in several linear production processes, alone or together with other players. The resulting profit has to be divided among the players according to an allocation rule. We will show that this new variant of cooperative games – like the original linear LPG – is balanced, hence, has a nonempty core, and that we can obtain an allocation in the core by using the shadow prices of the flexible resources.


This article describes the whole design,construction,operation of Tongshan TV station network management System platform,and,from hardware design to configuration,introduces the presentation of the news system,non-established operating systems,hard disk broadcasting system,media assets management system and the recorder system.


The aim of the work was to improve the results of pulmonary resection by developing and implementing ways of sealing the wounds of biological adhesives, and drugs. Were analyzed the results of applying additional methods sealing line of manual and mechanical suture after atypical resection of the lung/.Methods of aerial and hemostasis are particularly necessary for emphysematous changes in pulmonary tissue. Application of differential approach to the choice of sealing the seam line to reduce the number of complications in the postoperative period.


SUMMARY Postural disorders are frequently observed in Parkinson's disease patients and significantly affect patients' quality of life. They may develop because of increased muscle tonus, which results in shortened muscle fibers and induces contracted postures and subsequent changes in muscles, connective tissue, bones and peripheral nerves. Enhanced muscle tonus may induce forward and/or lateral flexion of the spine. Abnormal postures usually occur in the middle or later stages of the disease, and are often reversible in the supine position. Forward flexion, lateral flexion and, less frequently, antecollis are the common axial postural disorders in Parkinson's disease patients. While antiparkinsonian drugs may improve these symptoms, they may also induce or worsen them. As postural disorders become irreversible after the development of secondary changes, such as muscle atrophy and bone fracture, physicians should recognize postural disorders at early stages.


Abstract A series of Paleo-Indian and Archaic projectile points with burin facets at either the proximal or distal end is described. Most of the points come from Texas. The burin facets appear to be intentional products of the burin technique, used either for the production of burins and burin spalls, or for modifying the shape of the point itself. Paleo-Indian point types with burin facets include Clovis, Cumberland, Folsom, Plainview, Meserve, Angostura, and a number of variant forms. The data suggest that the burin or the burin technique may have been widespread throughout North America during early fluted-point times.


The present invention discloses a system and method for using a mobile communication terminal receiving a digital broadcast. The system comprising: using a wired / wireless communication network providing unit receives digital data from the content and transmits the digital broadcast digital data receiving device; and a digital broadcast receiving apparatus receiving digital data from the digital data is decoded to produce video and audio signals, and the mobile communication terminal outputs video and audio signals. The mobile communication terminal substituent circuit responsible predetermined function of a digital broadcast receiving apparatus. This simplifies the configuration of the digital broadcast receiving apparatus and reduces the cost of digital broadcast receiving apparatus.


In the field of psychology,traditional meta-analysis methods have mainly been used to quantitatively examine the typical effect size of homogenous studies about the same issues. However,there is a great variance in effect sizes in studies across different publication years,which has been regarded as random errors and consequently neglected in general. In the present study,we introduced a new approach known as cross-temporal meta-analysis (Twenge,2000,2001,2002,2007,etc.). This method was applied to examine the changes of Chinese middle school students' mental health from 1992 to 2005 in this study. We also investigated correlations between 10 social indices,which have been categorized into three aspects (social connectedness,educational conditions and economic states),and SCL-90 scores. Using cross-temporal meta-analysis,the present study examined changes over time of Chinese middle school students' scores on the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) in the past 14 years. One hundred and seven previous studies published or unpublished of mental health of middle school students (N = 111925) were included in the data. The results showed that:(1) Moderate correlations were found between seven of nine SCL-90 dimensions and year of data collection (0.22~0.35),suggesting that the mental health of Chinese middle school students has been slowly decreasing over time. (2) Correlations between the standard deviation of SCL-90 scores and year of data collection were positive (0.19~0.38),suggesting that Chinese middle school students' mental health level was more diverse than before. (3) Correlations between ten social indices and SCL-90 scores were positive,suggesting that changes on the three kinds of social factors may be responsible for the decrease in middle school students' mental health. This may be the first study using cross-temporal meta-analysis to highlight whether Chinese middle school students' mental health decrease in the context of rapid social change in contemporary China. Because of the decrease of Chinese middle school students' mental health,more attention should be paid on them.


The functional safety FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis) will be shown to include both single and multi-point faults and incorporate safety mechanisms as preventive controls. Furthermore, by constructing this FMEA using requirements flow down from the System, Hardware and Software development, the FMEA can link with the FMEDA (Failure Mode Effects and Diagnostic Analysis) and the FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and together they provide Single-Point and Latent Fault metrics (SPFM and LFM) including the "Probabilistic Metric for random Hardware Failures" (PMHF) metrics in a consistent manner.FMEAs traditionally have only incorporated single-point faults. In this ground breaking presentation of this approach, the functional safety FMEA will be shown to include both single and multi-point faults and incorporate safety mechanisms as preventive controls. As the FMEA is filled out, the FMEDA will be populated, providing consistency between the FMEDA and FMEA techniques. The FMEA of the hardware is developed at the different levels, while the FMEDA is at the component level and the failure modes of the FMEDA are component failure modes. If the FMEA is completed using the AIAG-VDA FMEA handbook approach, where the higher level, focus level, and lower levels relationships are used and there is a cause and effect relationship between the failure modes at the different levels, then the FTA can also be developed from the FMEA. In this way, the FMEA, FMEDA and FTA are linked documents and the FMEDA and FTA provide the single-point fault, multi-point fault, and the "Probabilistic Metric for random Hardware Failures" (PMHF) metrics in a consistent manner.


Studies on Soviet and American astronauts have demonstrated that red blood cell production is altered in response to low gravity (g) environment. This is associated with changes in individual red cells including increased mean cell volume and altered membrane deformability. During long orbital missions, there is a tendency for the red cell mass deficit to be at least partly corrected although the cell shape anomalies are not. Data currently available suggest that the observed decrease in red cell mass is the result of sudden suppression of erythropoieses and that the recovery trend observed during long missions reflects re-establishment of erythropoietic homeostasis at a "set point" for the red cell mass that is slightly below the normal level at 1 g.


A hierarchical high-order terminal sliding mode control method is proposed for a mismatched uncertain multivariable system.The multivariable system was transformed to the decoupled block controllable form.Combined with the derivative estimator,the nonsingular terminal sliding mode manifold was utilized and the high-order sliding mode control strategy was designed to drive the states of the input-output subsystem to the equilibrium points within finite time,and drive the states of the internal dynamic subsystem to the neighborhood of the equilibrium points.The proposed method can simplify the structure of the system and eliminate the chattering phenomenon.Moreover,the convergence neighborhood of the system states can be estimated according to the parameters of the controller and the range of the mismatched uncertainties.The simulation results are presented to validate the method.


The CO2 laser, used for lower eyelid blepharoplasty, presented here according to David's technique, approaches the lower eyelid fat via the transconjunctival route. This technique avoids the possible sequelae associated with conventional surgical blepharoplasty, such as scarring and lower lid retraction. Postoperative recovery time is extremely rapid and associated with very little or no discomfort. CO2 laser surgery helps to prevent the risk of hemorrhage and infection, and keeps edema, when it occurs, to a minimum. The cosmetic results are excellent.


The article deals with procedural and institutional forms of economical activity management. There aregiven the features of modern understanding of such forms as well as author's definition of procedural and institutional forms of economical activity management within context of research subject. There was also analyzed the provision of procedural and institutional forms of economical activity management by properbodies of All-Russian Extraordinary Commission and State Political Directorate during new economic policy implementation, undertaken by Soviet government.


We present an {\it exact} quantum theory for the bound states in the vicinity of an edge or a line of impurities in a $d_{x^2-y^2}$ superconductor. For a (110)-surface we show that a finite dispersion of the one dimensional band of bound states leads to a two peak structure in the density of states (DOS). We study the effect of an applied magnetic field and a subdominant $id_{xy}$ order parameter on the DOS and discuss the implications of our results for tunneling experiments.


Although postoperative delirium afflicts as many as half of cardiac surgery patients and is associated with prolonged hospitalization, long-term cognitive decline, and mortality, we know little of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that subtend this common neurobehavioral syndrome. Delirium is an acute confusional state, generally viewed as a marker of increased brain vulnerability and an aberrant response to stress. As such, its neuropathogenesis depends on complex interrelationships between predisposing and precipitating factors, with a number of overlapping mechanistic theories involving neuronal aging, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter deficiency, neuroendocrine activation, circadian dysregulation, and breakdown in brain network connectivity. While anesthesia/surgery are clearly inciting factors for delirium, intraoperative strategies to reduce it are sorely lacking. This is in part because prevailing theories have focused on preoperative (older age, frailty, medical comorbidities, and preexisting cognitive impairment) and postoperative recovery factors (disrupted sleep, altered sensorium, pain, and sedating medication use/polypharmacy) as drivers of postoperative delirium. In this issue of Anesthesiology, Lopez et al. refocus our attention on intraoperative factors associated with delirium—namely, oxidative stress and blood–brain barrier breakdown. They report results from a subset of patients (n = 400) enrolled in a single-center randomized controlled trial of statin therapy to reduce acute kidney injury and delirium following cardiac surgery. The primary trial results revealed no statin effects on incident postoperative acute kidney injury as well as incidence or duration of postoperative delirium. Here, in a prespecified secondary analysis, the authors performed mass spectrometry–based plasma quantification of oxidative stress indicators F2-isoprostanes and isofurans, demonstrating clear associations with incident postoperative delirium. They also found that postoperative elevations of a putative marker of blood–brain barrier breakdown, S100 calcium-binding protein, are associated with delirium. Oxidative stress and blood–brain barrier breakdown markers were both associated with increases in ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, a plasma marker of neuronal injury, and the strength of the association between oxidative damage and neuronal injury was higher in patients with biomarker evidence of blood–brain barrier disruption. Overall, this biologically plausible triangle of elegant consecutive correlations between surrogate circulating biomarkers and delirium adds evidence in support of the oxidative stress hypothesis, which proposes that pathologic insults such as hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion may lead to reduced cerebral oxidative metabolism and associated cognitive and behavioral symptoms of delirium. Readers might consider several factors in interpreting the potentially wide-ranging clinical and translational relevance of the study by Lopez et al. The first promising translational implication is the use of circulating biomarkers to predict, monitor, and assess therapeutic effectiveness for postoperative delirium. The Institute of Medicine has outlined a clear


WT5"BZ]:The method of numerical computation for color image rendering,which aims to calculate the tristimulus values of vision responses from the surface reflecting spectral power distribution in the scene,is presented in this paper.The linear model is exploited to approximate the reflecting continuous spectrum of the object surface and numerical computation is conducted via Gaussian quadrature (GQ) and Riemann summation (RS).The tristimulus values are converted to chromatic coordinates which match the images captured by CCD camera.The experiment results are promising. [WT5"HZ]


Objective Describe available data on birth defects and pregnancy loss in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exposed to belimumab. Methods Data collected from belimumab clinical trials, the Belimumab Pregnancy Registry (BPR), and postmarketing/spontaneous reports up to 8 March 2020 were described. Belimumab exposure timing, concomitant medications and potential confounding factors were summarised descriptively. Results Among 319 pregnancies with known outcomes (excluding elective terminations), 223 ended in live births from which birth defects were identified in 4/72 (5.6%) in belimumab-exposed pregnancies and 0/9 placebo-exposed pregnancies across 18 clinical trials, 10/46 (21.7%) belimumab-exposed pregnancies in the BPR prospective cohort (enrolled prior to pregnancy outcome) and 0/4 belimumab-exposed pregnancies in the BPR retrospective cohort (enrolled after pregnancy outcome), and 1/92 (1.1%) in belimumab-exposed pregnancies from postmarketing/spontaneous reports. There was no consistent pattern of birth defects across datasets. Out of pregnancies with known outcomes (excluding elective terminations), pregnancy loss occurred in 31.8% (35/110) of belimumab-exposed women and 43.8% (7/16) of placebo-exposed women in clinical trials; 4.2% (2/48) of women in the BPR prospective cohort and 50% (4/8) in the BPR retrospective cohort; and 31.4% (43/137) of belimumab-exposed women from postmarketing/spontaneous reports. All belimumab-exposed women in clinical trials and the BPR received concomitant medications and had confounding factors and/or missing data. Conclusions Observations reported here add to limited data published on pregnancy outcomes following belimumab exposure. Low numbers of exposed pregnancies, presence of confounding factors/other biases, and incomplete information preclude informed recommendations regarding risk of birth defects and pregnancy loss with belimumab use.


To the Editor, Hepatic infarction is a known hypercoagulable manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Hepatic infarction during pregnancy has been described in APS. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare fulminant form of APS. We describe two patients who developed hepatic infarction during the second trimester of pregnancy, as a first manifestation heralding the onset of CAPS. A 28-year-old previously well female presented in the 25th week of her first pregnancy with severe epigastric pain radiating through to her back. Physical examination was only notable for a blood pressure of 150/80 and a gravid uterus. Her aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was 1846 U/L (normal 8–39 U/L); and her alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level 1121 U/L (normal 10–40 U/L). Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal. Platelets were decreased to 98 per mm (normal 150– 450 per mm). Prothrombin time was normal, whie partial thromboplastin time was 38 s (normal 22–34 s). Fibrinogen was 515 mg/dL (normal 150–400 mg/dL). There was minimal proteinuria of 30 mg/dL. Uric acid was normal. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated. Extensive evaluation for other causes of elevated liver enzymes were negative. There was no evidence of hemolysis. Because of incomplete hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, she underwent emergency cesarian section, with delivery of a healthy premature infant. The placenta showed significant infarction due to small vessel occlusion. A post-operative CT scan (Fig. 1) revealed hepatic and splenic infarctions. Six days postoperatively, the patient developed aphasia and was found to have cerebral infarction. Cardiolipin IgG antibody was elevated at 45.4 gpl (normal <20 gpl) and beta-2-glycoprotein IgG antibody was increased at 46 sgu (normal <20 sgu). Lupus anticoagulant was positive. The patient was diagnosed with definite CAPS, associated with hepatic infarction and incomplete HELLP syndrome. She did well with anticoagulation and a course of steroids. Three months later, cardiolipin antibodies remained positive; beta-2glycoprotein was 65.4 sgu. A 27-year-old female with a history of APS was maintained on aspirin and low-molecular weight heparin during her first pregnancy. At 20 weeks' gestation, she complained of recurrent severe right upper quadrant pain radiating to her right back. A physical exam was unremarkable other than a gravid uterus. Complete blood count and liver biochemistries were normal. Ultrasound revealed gallstones without signs of cholecystitis. Her bile ducts and liver were normal. Because of the failure to control the severe pain with conservative therapy over the few days following her initial presentation, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed uneventfully. However, the right upper quadrant pain persisted postoperatively. Her AST increased to 307 U/L, her ALT to 293 U/L, alkaline phosphatase to 194 (normal 32–92), and bilirubin to 2.7 mg/dL (normal 0–1.0 mg/dL). Her LDH was 547 U/dL (normal 50–250 mg/dL). Platelets decreased to 6 per mm. Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were normal. Fibrinogen was 529 mg/dL. Extensive evaluation for other causes of elevated liver enzymes were negative. There was minimal proteinuria and no evidence of hemolysis. Cardiolipin IgG antibody was elevated at 279 gpl/mL Lupus anticoagulant was positive, as they had been with her earlier diagnosis of APS. Because fetal monitoring revealed fetal demise, a therapeutic abortion was performed. There was significant placental infarction with small vessel occlusion. A CT scan revealed multiple hepatic infarctions. The patient was diagnosed with probable CAPS associated with hepatic infarction and incomplete HELLP syndrome. She was treated with anticoagulation, steroids, plasmapharesis, and intravenous immunoglobulins, and recovered. We have described two cases of hepatic infarction during pregnancy, heralding the development of CAPS, according to the international consensus statement on catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Our first patient satisfied the criteria for definite CAPS, and our second patient for probable CAPS. In our first patient, APS (and CAPS) manifested for the first time during pregnancy. In our second patient with known APS, CAPS was precipitated by pregnancy and surgery. Both cases were associated with incomplete HELLP syndrome, as no hemolysis was present. An association between HELLP or incomplete HELLP syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome during pregnancy has been reported. However, the elevated liver enzymes and low platelets in both our patients could be explained by hepatic infarction and CAPS. Pregnant patients who develop hepatic infarction before the 34th week of gestation should be evaluated for APS, and monitored carefully for the development of CAPS. Figure 1 CT scan showing hepatic and splenic infarction in CAPS occurring during pregnancy. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05129.x


The paper discusses the concept of offensiveness, both explicit and implicit, in film dialogical discourse based on three parts of a romantic comedy. The differences between explicitness and implicitness on the one hand, and between implicitness and (in)directness on the other are presented in the theoretical part. Indirectness and implicitness are treated in the study as independent concepts that instantiate covert meaning. On the other hand, explicitness and implicitness are viewed as gradual concepts that allow some overlap; thus, direct implicitness and indirect explicitness emerge as possible options. Furthermore, the category of offensiveness is presented as a broad category, a superordinate term that subsumes offensive language, typically realised through explicitly offensive words, such as swearwords, and (non)offence, encoded by rhetorical devices. Offensive language can have the function of offending the target addressee, i.e., to cause offence, or to build, inter alia, a jocular, intimate or friendly atmosphere. Offensiveness can thus embrace propositions that lead to offence or convey other, non-offensive meanings. Examples of both offensive language (explicit/direct forms) and subtypes of offence (figurative forms), as well as a combination of both (e.g., figurative forms such as ironic comments that contain swearwords), are gleaned from the corpus of three parts of the eponymous romantic comedy. The analysis has shown that figurative forms are often conflated (to create metaphorical irony, ironic hyperbole, and the like), the implicit forms of offensiveness occur almost as frequently as explicit forms and are distributed equally across gender, varying forms of offensiveness play the whole gamut of functions, disparagement being only one of them.


Research has shown that area of leak openings varies linearly with pressure under both elastic and viscoelastic conditions. However, hydraulic modelling of water distribution systems currently uses a power function that does not explicitly take into account leak area variation with pressure. This function is commonly known as the N1 power equation. This paper investigates the possibility of explicitly incorporating leak area variation into hydraulic modelling of water distribution systems. The FAVAD (Fixed And Variable Area Discharges) equation, which takes into account leak area variation with pressure, was incorporated into the widely used Global Gradient Algorithm (GGA) in EPANET. A stochastic model was developed to generate and distribute leaks in a standard water distribution system. It was based on existing theories about leakage in water distribution systems, taking into account physical properties of the system. Thereafter, hydraulic simulations were run using both FAVAD and N1 equations. The results show that the N1 power equation estimates the total system leakage with an error of up to 20%. On a specific junction, the leakage estimation error was found to be as high as 60%.


The flash powder composition is used in the fireworks industry to manufacture the firecracker which consists of pottasium nitrate, aluminium and sulphur powder in 75 microns range. During fireworks crackers bursting, more polluted gases are emitted and thus pollute the atmosphere. In this study, synthesis of flash powders and manufactured the fire crackers with the use of nano flash powders. The particle sizes of the chemicals are 139.7 nm for KNO3, 94.5 nm for Al and 92.36 nm for S. The nano flash powders are mixed with micron powders in different ratios and crackers are manufactured. The residues are collected and analysed for the metal content. Also gas analysis is done for all the combination of crackers. SEM analysis of the residues is analysed. Results shows that crackers made of 100 % nano flash powder provide less quantity of sulphur dioxide and metal content.


In this article, we discuss the elaboration of elderly subjectivities as a target of biopolitics in the COVID-19 discourse. The analytical path started from Foucault's theories about discourse and the subject articulating theoretical and methodological assumptions in the fields of language studies and other areas of social sciences. Interrogating the linguistic mechanisms, the games of memory and the felt effects that single out gestures of interpretation of the pandemic that put the elderly subjectivation modes in a referential position, we aim to show different regimes of truth and their relations of knowledge and power materialized in the statements of the pandemic discursive event.


A new denoising filter is proposed for human brain MR image. The proposed filter is based on the notion of existing bilateral filter whose objective is to get a noise-free smooth image, preserving edges and other features intact. We have introduced a weighing function that controls the impact of existing bilateral filter for denoising. It is conditioned by Rough Edge Map (REM) and Rough Class Label (RCL). The presence of noise makes difficult to get precise information of edge and class label. Rough Set Technique is expected to assign rough (imprecise) class label and edge label to the pixels in the given image. This function thus is expected to handle the impreciseness of edge and class label and thereby preserving these two by controlling the bilateral filter more efficiently. The filter is extensively applied on brain MR images. The current proposal is compared with some of state-of-the-art approaches using different image quality measures and found to be efficient in most of the cases.


The ISO galactic survey provides images of the inner disk in two broad lters (around 7 and 15m) over some 15 square degrees, away from the brightest star forming regions. A multiresolution analysis of the images leads to a catalogue of infrared dark clouds, most of which are condensed cores of large molecular clouds, several kpc away from the Sun, seen in absorption in front of the diuse galactic emission. The longitude distributions of the background emission and of the dark clouds correlate with known tracers of young population components. We analyse the morphology of the dark clouds and the intensity fluctuations within the cloud boundaries at the two wavelengths. The 7 to 15 m contrast ratio is 0:75 0:15 for the clouds located away from the Galactic Centre (jlj > 1 )a nd 1:05 0:15 for the clouds closest to the Galactic Centre (jlj < 1;jbj < 0:2). Using a simple absorption model, we derive a 7 to 15 m opacity ratio equal to 0:7 0:1 for the clouds located away from the Galactic Centre and estimate the opacity, , of a few objects at 15 m in the range 1 to 4. Several explanations for the variation of the contrast ratio, including absorption along the line of sight and local variations of the extinction curve are discussed.


Abstract The combustion in future engines will work with a very high amount of recirculated exhaust gas in part load conditions to enable a low peak combustion temperature. This combustion suffers from instabilities of the process and a highly nonlinear behaviour. The paper presents the use of neural nets for observing the engine. A nonlinear model without feedback of measurements is linearised online and combined with an extended Kalman filter. This observer is compared to a neural net with observer structure by application to two different valve timing strategies. The more promising observer is combined with a model based predictive controller with a quadratic cost function. Its analytic solution is compared with quadratic programming for respecting constraints in the prediction for improving the control error.


The field of fiber optics nonlinearity is more discussed last years due to such remarkable enhancement in the nonlinear processes efficiency. In this paper, and for optical performance monitoring (OPM), a new achievement of nonlinear effects has been investigated. The use of cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM) effects between input optical signal and inserted continuous-wave probe has proposed for impairments monitoring. Indeed, transmitting a multi-channels phase modulated signal at high data rate (1 Tbps WDM Nyquist NRZ- DP-QPSK) improves the sensitivity and the dynamic range monitoring. It was observed by simulation results that various optical parameters including optical power, wavelength, chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), Q-factor and so on, can be monitored. Also, the effect of increasing the channel spacing between WDM signals is studied and proved its use for FWM power monitoring.


Optofluidic DNA computation is studied for bio-molecular applications. Microreactors containing DNAs are manipulated with optical trapping. Logic operations are demonstrated using two types of microreactors embodied by water-in-oil microdroplets and liposomes.


Abstract : This report details the design, development and preliminary testing of three different Operational Threat Integrated Corrective Spectacles (OPTICS) concepts. The aim of the OPTICS project is to develop an integrated set of corrective eyewear inserts that will be compatible with ballistic protective eyewear and will be compatible for use inside the in-service C-4 respirator. Over the course of 13 months, three different OPTICS concepts were designed, developed and delivered to DCIEM. An iterative design approach with user feedback was utilized. Each concept employed a different approach for meeting the aims of the device; Concept 0 utilized a Commercial Off the Shelf sports style prescription insert as its starting point, Concept 1 used a previously developed NBC spectacle as its inspiration and finally Concept 2 used a unique carrier approach. The concept of fielding a system that could utilize a prescription insert with ballistic eyewear and with a C4 respirator was well received. The participants also identified the need to have a minimum of two sets of OPTICS inserts. Advantages and disadvantages with all of the concepts developed were noted. Overall the participants believed that Concept 0 and Concept 1 were the most promising for further development and testing. Proposed modifications to all concepts were noted. The participants believed that further development should only proceed after CTS has identified a winner in its ballistic eyewear program. Additional test requirements were also noted.


Cellulose-based biopolymers are used by pharmaceutical industries for drug delivery. In the case of cellulose ethers, the drug delivery function is highly impacted by the molecular structure, namely the degrees of substitution of the polymer chains. The complexity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) structure and resulting properties is due to the presence of two grafting groups, the methoxy group (OCH3) and the hydroxypropyl group (OC3H6OH). The goal of this work is to present an original way to characterize and determine the structure of HPMC based on 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Quantitative determination of the degrees of substitution is achieved.


Several physical properties such as porosity, geometric mean diameter, surface area, fruit mass and dimensions, fruit volume, coefficient of static friction, projected area, skin colour, aril colour, aril dimensions and aril ratio which are imperative to characterize the fruits of pomegranate with a view to understand the properties that may affect the design of machines to handle their processing were determined. The average fruit mass, length, width and thickness of pomegranates were determined as 208.06 g, 58.04 mm,72.06 mm and 70.08 mm respectively. On three different surfaces static friction coefficient values were between 0.76 (galvanized steel sheet) and 0.46 (plywood) and 0.84 (glass). The aril ratio and 1000-arils mass were 72 per cent and 278 g respectively.


The present invention relates to a non-aqueous rechargeable lithium battery including the separator and this non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, the composite of the non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, the separator comprises an organic compound and an inorganic compound that supports the separator main body, and the separator main body includes, and the organic compound will higher melting point than the material constituting the separator main body, wherein the inorganic compounds of the elements belonging to one group selected from the group consisting of periodic table 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 3B, and 5B is at least one individual that includes at least one, and selected from the oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, and alkoxide group consisting of. The present invention has the effect of providing the abrupt shrinkage or even breakage takes place at the same time is difficult, it repeated charging and discharging is difficult to deteriorate the electrode and the separator of non-aqueous lithium secondary battery separator. The non-aqueous lithium secondary battery, a separator, a cathode, an anode, a buffer layer, supported


A chain of barrier islands in the Gulf of Mexico reduces storm and hurricane impacts along the Mississippi coast. Ship Island, one of the largest islands of this chain, was breached by hurricanes Camille and Katrina creating a 5.5 kilometer wide gap. US Army Corps of Engineers plans to restore the island nourishing 15 million cubic meters of sand. Extensive modeling studies were carried out to support the environmental impact assessment and to optimize design. The main objective of these studies was to determine the impact of the restored island on the environment. The possible increase of sedimentation rates in the adjacent navigation channel connecting a major port to the Gulf of Mexico was of particular interest. The Delft3D models, calibrated on measurements of waves, tidal levels and currents, were used to estimate the annual sediment transport rates. These models were subsequently applied to optimize the design of the closure of Camille Cut. The optimum construction sequence was established. Sediment losses from the fill, and the impact of turbidity plumes on the nearby sea grass fields were determined.