National educational system was riddled with many problems both in terms of internal and external to date. Internal issues referring to the constraints of some national education standards among which the standard process, teachers and education personnel standards, and competency standards. The standard process has a problem that improvement mindset has not done well in the learning process of the learning method centered on the teacher (teacher centered) into a student-centered teaching methods (student oriented)[17]. Standard teachers and education personnel have a problem of low professionalism of teachers in Indonesia proved in 2010 the number of teachers who meet the qualification standards nationally only 43%[2]-Standardized competence of graduates have problems one of which is evidenced by the results of the 2012 survey data by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), which mentions the mathematical ability of students in Indonesia was ranked 64 out of 65 countries[1]. In addition to internal problems are also external problems in the organization of education as the result of research that says that as many as 600 students in grade eight and nine on average spend 9 hours per week playing games keseluruhan. Playing games have proven to deliver negative correlation with academic achievement of students, if played in a long period of time[5]. In this digital era, it is appropriate that educational games have a more comprehensive capabilities for responding the internal and external challenges of the world of education. Therefore the authors undertake the design and construction of educational games vidyanusa mission 19th to study the materials of scale and comparison using The 7 Steps for Designing Serious Games method to resolve some of the problems of national educational standards. This method begins with the analysis specifications pedagogical objectives to be achieved, the selection of model type game that will be used, the adjustment of pedagogical scenario with games scenario are fun, the search of software components that can be used, description detail of scenarios, the quality control of pedagogical and determination of specifications for subcontractors and game design tools[10].


The freedom of conscience of health providers (physicians, pharmacists, and institutions) has been consistently defended by United States law. In the last few years the freedom of these health providers to act in line with their conscience has been challenged by abortion advocates. The current United States administration wishes to weaken this freedom by reversing a recent ruling of the Department of Health and Human Services, which stipulated that institutions receiving federal funds must express their compliance with non-discrimination laws. A person's moral conscience makes practical judgments founded on binding objective moral norms. For this reason each person is bound to obey his conscience and should have the freedom to do so without discrimination. Physicians and other health-care providers should not be deprived of these legitimate rights.


Global legislation about CO2 and non-CO2, polluting emissions is getting stricter and stricter leading Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) to propose new powertrain topologies in order to fulfil new regulations avoiding therefore possible fees. Nevertheless, local legislation regulating accesses for polluting vehicles to particularly congested areas, once limited to big cities centres, are now extended also to towns creating further obstacles people movement and to goods delivery. Powertrains electrification is playing a major role in the clean power solution scenario because of the wide efficiency improvement capabilities and scalability of components behaviours towards driveline architectures despite the technology assessment shows some weakness: even if motors, inverters and electric control devices have borrowed main characteristics to adjacent industrial and railway fields, they shall improve to implement automotive peculiar features at achievable prices. Nevertheless, cells are the weakest components because chemistry technology of the accumulator: even if cells ensure a good performance ration in terms of energy density, recharge time is still too long and energy distribution infrastructure is blossoming nowadays creating the so called "range anxiety" on potential customers. Present paper proposes an outlook on efficient Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) for L7e category (named EPIC0) aimed to commercial use in particular for good delivery in cities restricted areas or inside industrial plants.


At present,in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics,in order to enhance our comprehensive national strength,we must promote study and education of socialist core value system,and penetrate mass line into it.The essence of mass line and socialist core value system is"serving for people"and"connecting with mass".The former is enriched and developed during the course of study and education of the later one.And the construction of them is long-term process,as well as a unsmooth development.


Leaf spot diseases were monitored in 248 conventional and conservation till fields in southeastern and southwestern Manitoba from 1993 to 1997. Environmental variables for the two regions, and inform ation on the previous crop in each field were obtained. The pathogens commonly isolated from leaf tissue were Phaeosphaeria nodorum, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Pyrenophora tritici-repentisand Cochliobolus sativus. Isolations of P. nodorumand M. graminicolawere significantly higher in conventional than in conservation till fields; the reverse was true for P. tritici-repentis. Both prevalence, defined as the presence of the disease in a field, and isolation frequency of the various pathogens from diseased leaf tissue appeared higher in eastern than western Manitoba. Conditions were warmer and wetter in the eastern region. More M. graminicolawas isolated from fields of hard red spring wheat compared with durum and more P. tritici-repentisfrom durum than hard red spring wheat. Phaeosphaeria nodorumand C. sativus...


This article is based on the findings of qualitative and quantitative research focusing on the views of those who entered the teacher education program at the Faculty of Teacher Education in the University of Iceland in 2009, as well as a group of students in their last year of secondary school. More precisely, the research sought to extract the participants' views toward teacher education and compulsory school teaching. The research also examined the background of first year student teachers whose aim was to teach at grade school levels. The research was conducted in the schoolyear 2009–2010. A questionnaire was submitted to 118 students in their first year of teacher education, focusing on education in compulsory school, and to 44 secondary school students during their final year of study. In addition, focus groups were interviewed, comprising members from above-mentioned groups. The focus group was arbitrarily chosen, in total twelve student teachers and fifteen grade school students. This study is part of a comprehensive Nordic research project conducted at the behest of The Nordic Council of Ministers and simultaneously launched in five different countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, under the auspices of Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut (EVA) and Danmarks Paedagogiske Universitet (DPU). The report, Rekrutteringsproblematikken pa de nordiske laereruddannelser (Norraena raðherranefndin [Nordic Council of Ministers], 2010) provides a detailed account of the central findings of the research. The current article draws on those findings as it compares the Icelandic results to those from the other Nordic countries. The findings of the research bring to light that the Icelandic student teachers comprised a relatively homogenous group; 83% women and 17% men. Here, Iceland stood out, with the highest proportion of female students in the department of compulsory school education. 98% of the secondary school students were native Icelandic speakers, the educational level of their mothers was higher than their fathers', and most of the student teachers within the focus group had a close relative who was a teacher. Guðbjorg Vilhjalmsdottir's (2005) findings concerning adolescents' views on grade school reveal that boys considered the work of grade school teachers less respectable than the girls did, and similarly, the boys found the job less interesting, entailing less responsibility, and being more "feminine". Furthermore, the importance of diversity in relation to teachers' cultural and religious backgrounds has been observed by Hanna Ragnarsdottir and Hildur Blondal (2007). They contend that this is the only means by which the necessary cross-cultural skills can be created within schools. Moreover, the findings of the research disclosed that the student teachers favored studies focusing on cooperation rather than studies involving competition; they also preferred practical programs which offered more possibilities for diverse positions, but were not as highly appreciated. The questionnaire revealed that Icelandic secondary school students considered the teacher's knowledge of his/her own subject the most important aspect; they believed that the same subjects were taught in teacher education as in secondary school; however, the former delved deeper into the material than the latter. On the other hand, the Icelandic student teachers noted social skills as the most important aspect of a teacher's competence. The Finnish student teachers stood out in this regard, since they alone thought that pedagogy was the hard kernel of teachers' professionalism. The secondary school students did not believe that teaching was well suited for them. Salaries were too low. They felt, however, that the profession was important. 92% of Icelandic student teachers agreed that this profession is imperative for society. The secondary school students agreed. There was, however, a perceptible difference in relation to teachers' respect within society: 40% of student teachers believed that grade school teachers enjoyed little or very little respect. In the questionnaire, 93% of student teachers strongly agreed, or agreed, to the statement that teachers had flexible working hours, and that, as a teacher, there would be enough free time for the family. However, there emerged a clear gender difference in the student teachers' answers: 90% of women felt it was very important, or somewhat important, to have enough time to attend to the family along with work, whereas only 23% of men were of this opinion. Around 78% of student teachers strongly agreed that teaching was an interesting profession which offered an avenue for personal development; 22% agreed with these statements. A majority of Icelandic student teachers, or 58%, stated that the reason for choosing their education related to the profession itself; its challenges and diversity. Around 16% claimed that their choice was due to responsibility and potential influence, 11% referred to job security and 8% mentioned the working hours. However, salary was the major factor that spoke against the profession as such. Young people's views regarding teaching give rise to optimism and hope, but also concern, because they do not seem to view teaching as an exciting profession.


Insufficient physical activity (PA) among children and youth is a global public health challenge.1 Available data suggests that a large proportion of Bangladeshi youth do not meet the recommendations of ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) guidelines.2 This is of particular concern because of the health implications of insufficient PA.3 The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of the 2018 Bangladesh Report Card, which is a synthesis of the existing evidence of activity behaviours, available supports, and policy strategies surrounding active living in children and youth in Bangladesh.


Was performed a typology of the markets of �Manzano chili� in the State of Mexico. Visits
to points of sale were made after taking into account their degree of relevance for example,
Atlacomulco, Tenancingo, Valle de Bravo, Villa Guerrero and Coatepec Harinas. On the
other hand, markets of the municipalities were also visited such as: San Martin de las
Piramides, San Juan Teotihuacan, Texcoco, Ixtapan de la Sal and Amecameca. Also, was
carried out so as to know the channels and margins of commercialization of the Manzano
chili in the State of Mexico. The research method consisted in identifying production
regions and producers such as: Coatepec Harinas, Toluca, Villaguerrero, Zacango, Valle de
Bravo Tenancingo and Calimaya. It was found that this chili is sold in regional and local
markets and also in the national and international level. In addition, it was found that it is
distributed in municipal markets, street markets (Tianguis), supermarkets, stock distribution
centers and main markets such as Iztapalapa, Ecatepec and Toluca, as in the Mexico City�s
main market in Iztapalapa.
The captured information was analyzed and allowed to identify that four agents that
come into play in the commercialization process, such as: local wholesale suppliers,
wholesale dealers, retailers and final consumers. The margins show that the more local
vendors, wholesalers and intermediaries, the fewer profit margins for the producer are
found as a result of the increment of the resale price.


Abstract : New routing and preemption capabilities desired in the DSN can be obtained using commercial switches by adding outboard processors connected to switches via attendant console ports. This report lists and describes 22 switch features that allow an outboard processor to provide non-standard routing and preemption capabilities without extensive modifications to switch software. To the best of our knowledge, a modern class 4/5 switch designed for use with common channel signaling has all the features needed to support an outboard processor. The call-handling capacity of a switch/outboard-processor combination is limited by the bandwidth of the switch-to-outboard-processor connection and by the ability of the switch's central processor to handle the unexpected demands placed on it by outboard processors. The bandwidth limitation can be overcome by interfacing the outboard processor to the switch using multiple attendant console ports or by using a custom higher-speed interface. The switch processor limitation can be overcome if the switch processor is sized appropriately and software tasks associated with outboard processors are given high priority.


The prime objective of this study was evaluating six satellite precipitation products by using standard statistical techniques to assess its capability to provide reliable rain rate (amount) and detect rainfall event correctly. High‐resolution precipitation products, Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), Tropical Applications of Meteorology using Satellite data and ground‐based observations (TAMSAT), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM 3B42RT v7), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIAN CDR), African Rainfall Climatology (ARC v2) and Climate Prediction Center Morphing technique (CMORPH v1.0) were utilized. Evaluation includes both numerical and categorial metrices. Results indicated that in terms of rainfall amount estimation, TAMSAT has relatively better capability whilst for detecting rain event, ARC v2 was found capable in Eastern Ethiopian landscape. All precipitation products underestimate precipitation amount with profound bias level. These needs a thorough bias correction before utilization of these satellite precipitation products.


The purpose of this study was to examine with the help of thermal imaging the heat effects caused by the non-ionizing radiation of mobile phone and the protective properties of the MRETNylon polymer device in neutralizing or eliminating the thermal effects in the body. The current study shows that the exposure of human subjects to the microwave radiation of cellular phone results in the measured increase of the body temperature. It also showed that the installation of the MRET-Nylon protective device on a RF phone significantly reduced or negated the thermal effects caused by RF phone and even leaded to the cooling pattern comparing to the standard cool-down state. Those result are well correlated with the accepted physical model which explains the relationship between the elevation of the body temperature with increased specific absorption rate of electromagnetic radiation (SAR) and increased blood perfusion rate (Green's function) usually following the human body exposure to EMR.


The molecule of the title compound, C30H28N6O6, a glycoluril derivative, lies on a twofold rotation axis with two ethyl acetate groups bonded to the convex face of the glycoluril system. The dihedral angle between the imidazolone rings is 73.12 (3)°. Two symmetry-equivalent six-membered triazine rings are fused to the glycouril unit to form rigid side walls of a molecular clip. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The ethyl ester group is disordered over two sites of occupancy 0.539 (7) and 0.461 (7).


Abstract The goal of this paper is to give the reader a sense of the rich varieties of discourse through which speakers of the Australian language Pitjantjatjara enact their social relations. The brief sketch here is based on a fuller survey in Rose 2001, using the tools of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) for relating language to its social contexts. The discussion involves three steps: firstly, an outline of the options for enacting interpersonal meanings in Pitjantjatjara, in its systems of MOOD and MODAL ASSESSMENT, secondly, an outline of the system of social relations in Pitjantjatjara culture, governed by the kinship system, and finally, examples of exchanges between various kin, illustrating how the interpersonal potential of the language realizes dimensions of the social system in varying patterns of discourse.


Thermal management is the challenge of the day in electronic product development. Several cooling methods are employed to cool the electronic devices. Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) is being explored for electronic components cooling with promising results. In the present work, the experimental studies are carried out on a single loop PHP made of brass tubes with ID 1.5mm and OD 2 mm to analyse the characteristics of PHP. The transient and steady state experiments are conducted for various heat loads, fill ratio and working fluids. Acetone and Propanol are used as working fluids during the experimentation. The performance parameters of PHP like thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient are evaluated. The results showed that Acetone exhibits better heat transfer characteristics of PHP compared to Propanol.


This paper presents a protocol for a near --real-time binary data exchange over Ad-Hoc networks, and heterogeneous networks. The protocol was tested with a software simulation and a real fully mobile system which monitors oxygenated hemoglobin (HBO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HB) concentration changes in the brain and tissues. The system uses global system for mobile communications (GSM) and Bluetooth networks. The system consists of three parts: a wireless near-infrared light sensor with Bluetooth support, a personal digital assistant (PDA) with Bluetooth and GSM support, and a personal computer (PC) connected to the internet. When the system starts, the sensor connects to the PDA using Bluetooth, and the PDA connects to the PC in the lab using GSM and the Internet. The system packages the acquired data using the protocol described in this paper (LayerPro). LayerPro performance was compared with the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). The results show that LayerPro performs better than HTTP when streaming binary data over heterogeneous networks


Roughly 10% of the Namibian GDP and over 40% of total exports are dependent on themining sector. Namibia is one of the five leading uranium producing countries worldwide withperspectives to triple ...


This paper examines the concept and approaches in urban planning. Urban planning is conceived as physical planning dealing with three key systems i.e. activity systems, land development system and environmental system. There has been shifting in emphasis in the practice of urban planning from a purely urban design approach to emphasis on environmental issues, planning methods and development of IT. This paper also touches on the importance ofpartners hip approach in plan making and implementation.


The request to provide one's Acquired Wisdom is a daunting challenge, and others in this series have approached it in a variety of ways. My own is to chronicle how I negotiated a scientific career filled with barriers to overcome and opportunities to contribute to the fields of motivation and self-regulated learning most generally. As you will see, mine was not a straight path but one filled with unexpected events that changed how and what I accomplished along the way. That includes never being satisfied that you know enough. I hope that you find something that helps you on your own journey.


Accident forecasting is designed to help decision making and planning before loss occur; a new method of combination forecasting applied in traffic accident is showed in this paper. It is based on the rough sets theory, and the weighting coefficient of all the forecast models, so the result of forecasting will be more precise. Based on the mean relative absolute error it was found that the proposed rough set rough set combination model scored the lowest reading which 0.51% compared to 9.16% for ARMA, 14.41.2% for EXPERT and 8.38% for NEURAL NETWORK.


By using the deformed dispersion relation, we study the modified fermions tunneling for rotating charged black hole in de Sitter spacetime. Firstly, the Rarita-Schwinger equation is modified in the gravitational background, and then the deformed Hamilton-Jacobi equation is derived by a semi-classical approximation method. It is shown that the form of the correctional Hamilton-Jacobi equation does not depend on the spin of the fermions field in the semi-classical approximation, and its correctional term is given by − 2 σ m g t t ( ω − e A t ) 2 . Using the correction, we also investigate the fermion tunneling radiation for Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole spacetime, and the results show that the correctional temperature and entropy depend on the angular parameters of the horizon of the rotating black hole background.


It is a rare privilege to receive so much searching attention from so many admired colleagues, and to have an opportunity to start a conversation about my ideas. I am grateful to all of the commentators for their thoughtful and generous responses to my essay, which elaborate and draw out some of its ideas and criticize others. As a result the work will be improved and enriched as it evolves. The commentators are diverse in their areas of interest and expertise, representing clinical, social, and developmental psychology, as well as sociology. They are also diverse in their appraisal of the work as a whole. At the risk of oversimplification I have classified them into four groups: the enthusiasts, the underwhelmed, the ambivalent, and the critics.


The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of the source and level of supplementation with selenium on its concentration and shelf life of hens from commercial hens. We used 672 laying hens at 38 weeks of age. The treatments used were T0 (diet + 0.4 mg Se.kg-1 feed of Sodium selenite), T1 (diet + 0.2 mg Se.kg-1 feed of 2-Hydroxy 4-Methylselenobutanoic Acid), T2 (diet + 0.3 mg Se.kg-1 feed of Selenium-enriched yeast) and T3 (diet + 0.3 mg Se.kg-1 feed of 2-Hydroxy 4-Methylselenobutanoic Acid), distributed in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates per treatment. The experimental work lasted 8 weeks. No statistically significant difference was found between treatment (P > 0.05) for production, egg mass, shelf life at 0 days at 24 ° C and 4 ° C, lipid peroxidation at 0 days, and selenium content at egg a 0 days. (P < 0.05) for egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion, shelf life at 14 and 56 days at a temperature of 24 ° C and 4 ° C, lipid peroxidation at 14 and 56 days and selenium content in the egg at 14 and 56 days. The highest economic efficiency was obtained for the source of organic selenium 2-Hydroxy 4-MethylSelenoButanoic Acid for T1 and T3, surpassing in S/ 0.0308 and 0.0092 soles to the control respectively. It is concluded that the source of organic selenium 2-Hydroxy 4-MethylSelenoButanoic Acid contributed to reduce the lipid oxidation of the egg, the maintenance of its quality and its higher content of this mineral


This paper presents a concept design of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES). The proposed HRES design specifies the operation of the following units: a pumped-storage hydro power plant, a wind power plant and a solar power plant. Since the pumped-storage hydro power plant represents the most complex entity of the HRES, special emphasis is placed on its two control loops: the water tank level control loop and the load-depended frequency control loop. Models of these control loops provide the means for efficient controller design and implementation. In order to achieve effective energy distribution and reliable power supply of the consumers, a switch logic architecture has been developed. Since the HRES's final energy production highly depends on the process of energy conversion, the performances of three types of power converters are analysed. This includes the parametrisation, modelling and simulation of such converters. Finally, a graphical user interface (GUI) for purposes of data monitoring, control and supervision within the designed SCADA system, is presented. The proposed HRES design represents the foundation of the system implementation that aims at serving as a platform for research, education and a broad range of projects on renewable energy.


Dipteran Na+‐dependent cation‐chloride cotransporters (CCCs) group into two clades. Drosophila melanogaster Ncc69 is a bona fide Na+‐K+‐Cl− cotransporter and has a single ortholog in Aedes aegypti (aeNKCC1). Drosophila Ncc83 has not been physiologically characterized and has two orthologs in Ae. aegypti (aeCCC2 and aeCCC3). Previous work showed that oocytes expressing aeCCC2 have higher Na+ conductances than controls. Moreover, in flux assays using Li+ as a Na+ tracer, Li+ transport by aeCCC2 was not dependent upon extracellular Cl− and not inhibited by the loop diuretics furosemide or bumetanide. These are surprising results, since previously characterized CCCs are electroneutral, Cl−‐dependent, and sensitive to the loop diuretics. We have further characterized aeCCC2 and performed an initial analysis of Ncc83, using two‐electrode voltage clamp. Following a hypotonic pre‐incubation, changes in membrane potential upon Na+ replacement were 20 ± 3 mV in Ncc83 and 26 ± 4 mV in aeCCC2, approximately two‐fold greater than before swelling. Na+‐dependent currents in oocytes expressing aeCCC2 depended on extracellular Na+ with saturable Michaelis‐Menton kinetics. The apparent affinity for Na+ was 4.6 ± 0.5 mM (mean, SEM, n=5). To characterize the function of Ncc83 in Drosophila Malpighian tubules (MT), we developed procedures to assess the cation concentrations of secreted fluid in Ramsay secretion assays using cation‐exchange chromatography. The physiological cations were readily detectable in 10,000–50,000 fold dilutions of secreted fluid, and Li+ and Rb+ were also detectable when added to the bathing saline as tracers for Na+ and K+. In w118‐control flies, fluid secreted by MT measured using these procedures had a [K+] of 104.1 ± 8.8 mM (mean, SEM, n=7) and [Na+] of 61.2 ± 7.8 mM. In preliminary experiments, [K+] was 112.7 ± 1.3 mM (n=4) and [Na+] was 48.2 ± 4.1 mM in fluid secreted by MTs of flies with MT‐specific knockdown of Ncc83 using the GAL4‐UAS RNAi system. Further work is needed to determine the physiological roles of Ncc83 and aeCCC2. Funding: American Physiological Society Research Career Enhancement Award, NIH F33 GM131599, and Kenyon College.


The invention provides a fine treatment technology of data information measured by a geophysical prospecting time-domain transient electromagnetic system, belonging to the technical field of geophysical prospection. The technology comprises the following steps of: through numerical value solution, analyzing and researching the distribution rule of primary excitation magnetic fields of all points in space, improving normalization treatment for sensing the strength of a secondary field on each delay measurement channel of a time domain; carrying out multi-term filtering treatment on measured data to solve a plurality of physical parameters capable of reflecting electric characteristics of underground geologic bodies, such as electrical resistivity, conductivity, detection depths, time constants and comprehensive parameters, so as to obtain a fine inversion processing result cross-section diagram with a high resolution ratio, and objectively and really reflect burial depth, shape and occurrence characteristics of the space geologic bodies. The fine treatment technology is mainly applied to geophysical prospecting data processing explanation of geophysical prospecting fields of mineral resource prospecting, engineering geologic structure, water resource and energy source prospecting and the like.


Bacteriorhodopsin, the light‐driven proton pumping protein in the purple membrane of Halobacterium salinarium, is known to be fully functional in various environments. Because of this, the protein's potential for technological application has been recognized. To investigate bacteriorhodopsin's light‐induced surface potential changes in humid air, we modified our commercial atomic force microscope to allow imaging at controlled humidities and toggling between defined lighting conditions. The purple membrane patches are prepared from solution onto freshly cleaved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and imaged in the surface potential detection mode, also called Kelvin probe force microscopy, to identify their topography and surface potential in parallel. Precise tuning of the detection mechanism is crucial to allow imaging of the relatively small potential differences on the purple membrane (in the millivolt range). Our results show that the two orientations of the purple membrane can be identified by their surface potential. This is verified by high‐resolution topography images of the patches. Further experiments also show that, for the first time, it was possible to toggle the surface potential of the purple membrane patches by 3–5 mV when imaging the sample in dark or illuminated surrounding in humid air. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Waste heat recovery for power production by means of ORC is on the threshold to marketand can be considered to be state of the art in the power range above 50 kWel. However the utilizationof waste heat from internal combustion engines in vehicles is being discussed very recently. In thispaper the fuel and respectively the cost saving potential for the national economies with such systemsis evaluated and discussed. Measurement results of waste heat potential in real driving cycle arepresented and compared to test bench data. An approach for the design point identification for highwaydriving of heavy utility vehicles is shown. Based on a simulation of real part load behavior ofcomponents like heat exchangers and expansion machines the system efficiency of an experimentalORC system is calculated. Finally fuel saving potential for an experimental prototype set up isdetermined. The potential of this technology for national economies is calculated in an elementary wayand compared to other technologies.


My space allowance may be small, but my topic is large, not to say lanky. I must state a few fundamentals only, and leave them both defenseless and dogmatic. Since I do not seek to convince but to stimulate self-conviction, my request to the reader is that he treat my propositions as though he were the proposer. I regret that I cannot take the space to show how my ideas have evolved from conflicts with my colleagues, whose quarreling has blessed me, nor to deal with the fruitful friction I have had with philosophers and administrators. I write as an educator with the bias of a psychologist, nay more, the bias of the bias of a statistical psychologist. I am not ashamed of this faith, for out of psychology have come the major contribu tions to education in recent years. Having praised it, let me pro ceed to chastise it in harsh words of affection. 1. Educational psychology "sheds a leading light" for educa tional measurement. It is pre-eminently important that this light be clear. It has not been. 2. Most of the psychological fundamentals are very old truths constantly being renamed. This hurts psychology, but it helps to provide reputations for those more skillful in coining new names than new ideas. You know and I know that the easiest road to fame in education, today, is for a man with some ability and much per sonality to take a little grain of new, or often old, truth, magnify it to a mountain, rename it, provoke a debate by this very lack of balance, and ride to fame on the resulting wave of publicity, while others who try to see things true and see them whole, who seek that higher synthesis which will allay controversy, will be fortunate to receive half as much attention. These coiners of new names for old things, these capitalizers of controversy, think that we love a dog fight better than we love the truth ; I fear that they are right.


The acid-mediated Fischer-indole synthesis type cyclization of hydrazones (I) and (V) is studied resulting in the formation of indoles (II) and (VI).


We present a detailed analysis of the carbon and nitrogen abundances of two dwarf carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars: SDSS J1349-0229 and SDSS J0912+0216. We also report the oxygen abundance of SDSS J1349-0229. These stars are metal-poor, with [Fe/H]


The middle school English teaching is to improve the students' listening,speaking,reading and writing ability,especially to the special students(like the blind.) As a blind student,he can't see anything,but he is able to hear.As a teacher in the special school,let them master the necessary phonetics,large vocabulary and grammar is very important,but this is not the final purpose.Our final purpose is to let students use English and improve their communicative ability.


It is important for the strategy of service to provide the weather information in the environment that the smart clothing has been changed focusing on the consumer center. Recently, the various applications of smart clothing concept have been presented by researchers and developers. Among them, the smart clothing based on the sensors is most likely to gain the highest demand rate in the market. In this paper, we proposed the life weather index monitoring system using the wearable based smart cap. By wearing the proposed smart cap, the weather status is gathered and its signals are transmitted to the connected UMPC. It can be easily monitored in real time. To provide the life weather index according to the sensors, the weather index was analyzed in terms of 6 factors, such as, the heat index, the food poisoning index, the discomfort index, the ultraviolet index, the water pipe freeze possibility index, and the windchill temperature index. Ultimately, this paper suggests empirical application to verify the adequacy and the validity with the life weather index monitoring system. Accordingly, the satisfaction and the quality of services will be improved the smart clothing. ■ keyword :∣Smart Clothing∣Wearable Computing∣Monitoring System∣Life Weather Index∣ 접수번호 : #090916-004 접수일자 : 2009년 09월 16일 심사완료일 : 2009년 09월 29일 교신저자 : 정경용, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '09 Vol. 9 No. 12 478


This paper deals with investigation of changes in geopolymer wettability with increasing mass fraction of high-carbon fly ash and surface treatment by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to determine the influence of fly ash on wettability and whether it is a viable method to increase surface wettability for further surface treatment. In this study, multiple samples of geopolymers were prepared, including those with 16% and 32% of high-carbon fly ash from coal-fired power station. Wettability of samples was then measured before and after plasma treatment, both on surface and cut surface by using static sessile drop method to measure the differences in contact angle. While addition of fly ash only had low effect on the wettability, as in most cases, it only lowered the initial contact angle without speeding up the speed of soaking for compact geopolymer and actually slowed the soaking for foamed geopolymer, plasma treatment had significant impact and made the geopolymer completely hydrophobic, making plasma treatment a viable method to increase geopolymer wettability.


One of the key instruments on the Reconnection and Microscale (RAM) Solar-Terrestrial Probe mission is a normal incidence multilayer x-ray telescope designed to provide 10 milli-arc-sec imaging of the solar corona. To achieve this level of imaging it will be necessary to fabricate meter-class reflective optics with diffraction limited performance at 193 Angstroms. Because of the use of multilayer optics, surface micro-roughness must also be maintained at very low levels (a few Angstroms rms) to maintain good reflectance. To ease fabrication constraints and the sometimes competing requirements of micro-roughness and figure, we have explored a number of potential designs and fabrication approaches for RAM. Figure error budgets and optical designs are shown, demonstrating that RAM can be built with existing mirror fabrication technology.


We study the spatial distribution of Abell and X-ray–selected clusters of galaxies from the ROSAT Bright Source Catalog and determine correlation functions for both cluster samples. We find that on small scales the correlation functions depend on the cluster environment: clusters in rich superclusters have a larger correlation length and amplitude than clusters of the whole sample. On large scales the correlation functions depend on the distribution of superclusters, but for both X-ray and Abell clusters they are oscillating with a period of ∼115 h-1 Mpc, indicating the presence of a local peak in the power spectrum at an effective wavenumber k = 0.055 h Mpc-1.


Minimalist style has now been much liked by the people of Jakarta and the Indonesian people, especially general. Minimalist style is a style that does not exist a lot of ornaments, or a special design in the form of minimalist architecture of buildings in Indonesia through a rapidly growing group of young Indonesian Architecture (AMI) due to the mastery of design presentation techniques through computer technology tools. One important breakthrough in the field presented a practical and realistic images. System module, the accuracy of dimensions, color choices, lighting and textures are available in such a way by the minimalist style technology now has much-loved by the people of Indonesia. Minimalist style is a style that does not have many ornaments or special design on the shape of the building, and building more impressed by simple but still beautiful to look at. This makes public appeal which prioritizes all simple and modest life, not a lot of hassle. For a minimalist hospital was suitable to be applied because of its simplicity and firmness semantic elements within the minimalist become a mirror of a simple rational decisiveness. At the Infectious Disease Hospital (Infectious Disease Hospital) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, Village Papango, anchoring the North Jakarta District has reflected the minimalist style of the figure seen from the shape of prioritizing simplicity and simple not a lot of ornaments, and function space according to their needs.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform threshold processing on gray-scale input pictures in such a state that the resistance to noise can be improved and pseudo contours near a boundary section can be reduced, and then, low-contrast objective pictures can be detected accurately. SOLUTION: A device for performing threshold processing on gray-scale input picture is constituted of means 610, 615, 617, and 620 which decide the intensity gradient value of an area by using a first matrix having a prescribed size, a means 635 which decides the maximum and minimum values out of the intensity values of the picture elements contained in a second matrix, and means 625, 640, 650, 655, 660, 680, and 690 which perform threshold processing so as to change the intensity values of the picture elements at the positions (i, j) of objective picture elements in the picture to the intensity values of output picture elements based on the intensity gradient value of the area and the maximum and minimum values of the intensity values of the picture elements. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


Summary Different expression of Nrat1, a gene encoding a plasma-membrane-localized Al transporter, is partially responsible for genotypic difference in Al tolerance in rice.


Aesthetic sense in creativity is much studied in the domain of art. This article focuses on the role of aesthetics in problem finding, problem solving, and verification of creative products in domains outside the arts. The development of aesthetic sense and its implications for creativity education in schools are also discussed.


Hierarchical clustering is a data analysis method that has been used for decades. Despite its widespread use, there is a lack of an analytical foundation for the method. Having such a foundation would both support the methods currently used and guide future improvements. This paper gives an applied algorithmic foundation for hierarchical clustering. The goal of this paper is to give an analytic framework supporting observations seen in practice. This paper considers the dual of a problem framework for hierarchical clustering introduced by Dasgupta. The main results are that one of the most popular algorithms used in practice, average-linkage agglomerative clustering, has a small constant approximation ratio. Further, this paper establishes that using recursive $k$-means divisive clustering has a very poor lower bound on its approximation ratio, perhaps explaining why is it not as popular in practice. Motivated by the poor performance of $k$-means, we seek to find divisive algorithms that do perform well theoretically and this paper gives two constant approximation algorithms. This paper represents some of the first work giving a foundation for hierarchical clustering algorithms used in practice.


Full-text index structures are widely used in string matching and bioinformatics. These structures such as DAWGs and suffix trees allow fast searches on texts. In this paper, we present a new partition of the factors of a word, called a consistent minimal linear partition. Based on this partition, we introduce the weighted directed word graph (WDWG), a space-economical full-text index. WDWGs are basically cyclic, which means that they may accept infinite strings. But by assigning weights to edges, the acceptable strings are limited only to the factors of the input string. For a given word w, any factor of w can be indexed by a state of the WDWG and its length. A WDWG of w has at most |w| states and 2|w| - 1 transition edges. We present an on-line algorithm to construct a WDWG for a given word in time linear in the length of the word. Our experiment shows the size of WDWGs is smaller than that of DAWGs for many data sets including DNA sequences, Chinese texts and English texts.


In this paper the effect of personal ties with government officials on the likelihood of bribery is analyzed for sample of small Vietnamese firms. Entrepreneurs with strong ties with local government officials are engaged in bribery, while our findings indicate that strong ties with upper-class public officials do not foster bribe activities. Our results advance research by suggesting the need to conceptually and empirically differentiate between the strong ties with alternative types of government officials, e.g. local low-level and central high-level public officials. Such a more fine-grained perspective may be particularly relevant for research in transition economies where the impact of the government on business is comprehensive and pervasive.


Embedded real-time systems with dynamic resource management capabilities are able to adapt to changing resource requirements, resource availability, the occurrence of faults and environmental changes. This enables better resource utilization, more flexibility and increased dependability. Depending on the application domain, reconfiguration decisions must be found and applied within temporal bounds. Although semantic techniques are used to react to unexpected events in standard IT systems, they exhibit a computational complexity and temporal unpredictability that is not suitable for real-time systems. This paper describes a temporally predictable framework for reconfigurable embedded real-time systems. It uses a service-oriented approach to dynamically reconfigure component interactions. Knowledge about the system structure and semantics is provided in a system ontology with relevant information for embedded realtime systems (e.g., transfer delay times, accuracy of relations). The ontology allows to automatically generate service substitutes by exploiting implicit redundancy in the system. Furthermore, an algorithm is presented that searches the ontology for semantically equivalent implementations of failed services. The process of substitution search and substitute service generation is demonstrated with an example from the automotive domain.


This study examined preservice teachers' instruction of goals in specific learning domains in physical education class and students' in- terpretation of these goals. Four preservice physical education teachers (all male) from a large urban university taught two lessons to eight sixth-grade students at an urban K–6 elementary school. The theory of cognitive mediation was the framework for this study. Piloted qualitative methods included video recordings of each lesson, stimulated recall, two 20-to-25-min semistructured interviews, and collected lesson plans. Data were analyzed through the constant comparative method. Three major themes emerged: goals for incorporating skills into game play were difficult to identify, affective goals were not explained, and cognitive goals were not implemented. Results indicate that teacher- training programs should develop strategies that will assist students to identify the domain goals of the lesson. This study indicates specifically the areas in which domain goals are lacking during the instructional process.


This paper deals with the combination of segmentations described with regions. For this study we use the evidential theory. The membership probability of each pixel of the neighbouring regions allows to calculate the mass function from the associate segmentation. The resulting mass functions are combined by Dempster rule of combination. The maximum plausibilities criterion is used to choose the nal label of the pixel. A quantitative and comparative evaluation of the combination is done with a set of 40 real images.


This research showed that delphinidin, an anthocyanin present in blueberry, induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells as well as mediated anti-cancer effects in vivo. As a result, growth of cancer cells as assessed by MTT assay decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Chromatin condensation by DAPI staining significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating apoptosis. The level of p53-protein increased while those of anti-apoptotic molecules (Bcl-2, p-GSK3β) decreased in the western blot. Tumor size decreased in cells treated with 10 mg/kg of delphinidin compared with the control group in vivo. Cell apoptosis assessed by TUNEL assay significantly increased, and tumor inhibitory effect was confirmed. Therefore, delphinidin can be developed for cancer preventive medicine due to its growth inhibitory effects and induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.


Voyage XCIII. Station 37. Northumberland ground. 40 fathoms. 1 specimen. Voyage XCIIL. Station 56. Lat. 55°31' N. Long. 0° 53' W. 55 fathoms. 2 specimens. The specimen from 93–37 was young and damaged. Expanse of disk and tentacles in a contracted condition, 30 mm.


We introduce the notion of a hypersymmetric abelian variety over a field of positive characteristic p. We show that every symmetric Newton polygon admits a hypersymmetric abelian variety having that Newton polygon; see 2.5 and 4.8. Isogeny classes of absolutely simple hypersymmetric abelian varieties are classified in terms of their endomorphism algebras and Newton polygons. We also discuss connections with abelian varieties of PEL-type, i.e. abelian varieties with extra symmetries, especially abelian varieties with real multiplications.


This study by Mioduszewski and co-authors is concerned with the future (and to some degree past and present) variability of the Arctic sea ice cover in GCMs. The article focuses on seasonal aspects of the variability in sea ice area, and on potential drivers of such variability. The authors find a strong correlation between ice area variability and ice thickness, and argue that thermodynamic processes have a stronger impact on variability than dynamic processes.


The new progress of medical science emphasizes the systematical and holistic ideas, and this makes it possible for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to develop vastly in modern times. The scientific TCM theory thinks of the heaven and man as one, and has its superiorities and deficiencies. The basic strategy of developing TCM is making use of its superiorities and making up for its deficiencies. Constructing several kinds of protecting platforms such as resource, patent, standard, culture etc. and enhancing the legislative work are the very important foundations of TCM application.


In this paper we introduce the multimedia exchanging system based the H.323protocol and the main function module GK.Then we inrtoduce the way of software system test.Next we design the method to test GK.At last,we give an example using VISUAL TEST to test software.


In Reply.— The thought that our case could as well represent the uncommon but well-studied nicotinamide deficiency state is provocative and indicates the difficulty in proving any one clinical diagnosis to the exclusion of others—in this case, the diagnosis of pellagra to the exclusion of zinc deficiency, and vice versa. When the pellagra rash appears with the classic long-standing dirtybrown, rough, scaly appearance with associated diarrhea and dementia, a clinical diagnosis can frequently be made. With decreased renal excretion of N-methyl nicotinamide and 6-pyridone derivative, the measurement of which was considered but not done in this case, the diagnosis is confirmed. With resolution of symptoms after a trial of nicotinic acid supplement, which produced no change in this patient, the proof is complete. Due to the lack of diarrhea, a rash that was not suggestive of pellagra, and absent response to multivitamins on admission, the zinc therapy was attempted. This


A thermal hydraulic characteristic in a narrow rectangular channel is an important issue in a research reactor fuel cooling because many of research reactors adopt a flat-plate-type fuel element. Therefore, a series of experiments for establishing hydro-thermal characteristics of a narrow rectangular channel was conducted. The China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) also conducted this kind of experiment to evaluate wall friction and forced convection heat transfer in narrow rectangular channel [1]. In order to simulate the research reactor using a flatplate-type fuel, a series of numerical simulations using thermal hydraulic system analysis code based on the experiment data is needed and the accuracy of the simulation results should be validated. For this reason, this paper contains the simulation results of thermal hydraulic characteristics in narrow rectangular channel using RELAP5/Mod3.3 and SPACE 2.17, and a comparison of simulation results with experiments results.


If Alice's knowledge is the knowledge enjoyed by a maker how can this be qualified according to the three classic distinctions, which specify that truths can be necessary vs. contingent, analytic vs. synthetic, and a priori vs. a posteriori? This chapter argues that (a) we need to decouple a fourth distinction, namely informative vs. uninformative, from the previous three and, in particular, from its implicit association with analytic vs. synthetic and a priori vs. a posteriori; (b) such a decoupling facilitates, and is facilitated by, moving from a monoagent to a multiagent approach; (c) the decoupling and the multiagent approach enable a re-mapping of currently available positions in epistemology on these four dichotomies; (d) within such a re-mapping, two positions, capturing the nature of a witness's knowledge and of a maker's knowledge, can best be described as contingent, synthetic, a posteriori, and uninformative and as contingent, synthetic, weakly a priori (ab anteriori), and uninformative respectively.


Using effective teaching practices is a high priority for educators. One important pedagogical skill for computer science instructors is asking effective questions. This paper presents a set of instructional principles for effective question asking during guided problem solving. We illustrate these principles with results from classifying the questions that untrained human tutors asked while working with students solving an introductory programming problem. We contextualize the findings from the question classification study with principles found within the relevant literature. The results highlight ways that instructors can ask questions to 1) facilitate students' comprehension and decomposition of a problem, 2) encourage planning a solution before implementation, 3) promote self-explanations, and 4) reveal gaps or misconceptions in knowledge. These principles can help computer science educators ask more effective questions in a variety of instructional settings.


The aim is to analyse the neutron spectrum influence in a hybrid system ADS-fission inducing transuranics (TRUs) transmutation. A simple model consisting of an Accelerator-Driven Subcritical (ADS) system containing spallation target, moderator or coolant, and spheres of actinides, "fuel," at different locations in the system was modelled. The simulation was performed using the MCNPX 2.6.0 particles transport code evaluating capture and fission reactions, as well as the burnup of actinides. The goal is to examine the behaviour and influences of the hard neutron spectrum from spallation reactions in the transmutation, without the contribution or interference of multiplier subcritical medium, and compare the results with those obtained from the neutron fission spectrum. The results show that the transmutation efficiency is independent of the spallation target material used, and the neutrons spectrum from spallation does not contribute to increased rates of actinides transmutation even in the vicinity of the target.


This paper is concerned with the problem of relaxing non convex functionals, used in image processing, into convex problems. We review most of the recently introduced relaxation methods, and we propose a new convex one based on a probabilistic approach, which has the advantages of being intuitive, flexible and involving an algorithm without inner loops. We investigate in detail the connections between the solutions of the relaxed functionals with a minimizer of the original one. Such connection is demonstrated only for non convex relaxation which turns out to be quite robust to initialization. As a case of study, we illustrate our theoretical analysis with numerical experiments, namely for the optical flow problem.


IV. ELECTIVES (taken to total 122 hours for the degree) .................................................................................................................. 13 2 semester hours of free electives must be outside the major discipline. 122 Rev. 01/2012 I. GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Three semester hours from Area II A (below) may fulfill general education perspective requirements. MAT 1010 fulfills Quantitative Literacy.


Background: Adverse drug events (ADEs) account for considerable patient morbidity and mortality as well as legal, operational and patient care costs. In Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals in the USA, all serious adverse events and "potential" adverse events are reviewed using root cause analysis (RCA). This study characterised RCA reports associated with ADEs to determine what actions VA RCA teams took to reduce the number or severity of ADEs, and to evaluate which actions were effective in doing so. Methods: Every medication-related RCA submitted to the VA National Center for Patient Safety in the fiscal year 2004 (143 reports), and one medication-related aggregated RCA from each facility (111 reports covering 4834 ADEs) were reviewed and coded. Facilities were interviewed about specifics of their reports and the results of their interventions. Results: The commonest classes of medication for which ADEs were reported were narcotics, chemotherapy, and diabetic and cardiovascular medications. The most common types of ADE were "wrong dose", "wrong medication", "failed to give medication", and "wrong patient". 993 actions were taken to address these ADEs, the majority (75.7%) of which were reported to be fully implemented. Improvements in equipment and improving clinical care at the bedside were associated with reports of improved outcomes (p = 0.018, and p = 0.017 respectively), and training and education were negatively correlated with reports of improved outcome (p = 0.005). Improving the process of medication order entry through the use of alerts or forcing functions was positively correlated with reports of improved outcomes (p = 0.022). Leadership support and involving staff were associated with higher implementation rates (p = 0.001 and p = 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: Changes at the bedside and improvement in equipment and computers are effective at reducing ADEs. Well-organised tracking and support from leadership and staff were characteristics of facilities successful at improving outcomes. Training without action was associated with worse outcomes.


We in the physics community expect the LHC to uncover new physics in the next few years. The character and energy scale of the new physics remain unclear, but it is likely that data from the LHC will need to be complemented by information from a lepton collider which can provide for precise examination of new phenomena. We describe the concept, accelerator design, and detector R&D for a high energy Muon Collider as well as the challenges associated with the machine and its detector environment.


The objectives of this study are to examine whether: (1) the students achievement in writing narrative text taught by using PLEASE strategy is higher than that of taught by using Pentad strategy, (2) the students achievement in writing narrative with high self-efficacy is significantly higher than that of with low self-efficacy. (3) there is an interaction between teaching strategies nd self-efficacy to the students achievement in writing narrative text. This study is conducted by using experimental research with factorial design 2x2. The population of the study is all students of grade VIII 0f 2013/2014 of SMP Swasta Namira Medan.There are three paralel classes and two classes are chosen as the sample by applying cluster random sampling technique. Each class consists of 35 students. The instrument used for the data collection are questionnaire and writing test. The data are analyzed by using two-way ANOVA. The research finding shows that (1) PLEASE and Pentad Strategy significantly affect students achievement in writing narrative text (Sig = 0.039 75.11), (2) the students achievement in writing narrative text with high self-efficacy is significantly higher than that of with low self-efficacy ( Sig= 0.00 72.03). (3) there is an interaction between teaching strategies and self-efficacy to the students achievement in writing narrative text (Sig = 0.04 < 0.05). Thus, teaching strategies and students self-efficacy significantly affect the students achievement in writing narrative text. It implies that English Teachers should apply different teaching strategies and pay more attention to the students self-efficacy in their attempt to improve students achievement in writing narrative text.


The Rigid Plastic Packaging Container Program of California, administered by the California Integrated Waste Management Board (Board), mandates that companies whose products are sold in California be made of at least 25 percent post consumer resin (PCR). In a similar way, manufacturers and wholesalers selling trash bags in California are required to use at least 10 percent recycled plastic post consumer material in the regulated bags. Several manufacturers found difficult to comply with California's recycled content laws because the quality of the PCR was both, inadequate and inconsistent. At the request of those manufacturers, the Board funded a research study to investigate ways to improve the quality of PCR. The objective of the study was to evaluate the post consumer plastic processors in California and their respective quality assurance programs, and to propose quality assurance guidelines for PCR. The study recommends five quality grades of PCR, ranging from grade 1 for near virgin resin quality to grade 5 for lower quality products. This paper presents some of the findings of the study, discusses the PCR quality grades and the quality assurance guidelines, and describes some alternative testing methods used to verify the quality of PCR.


The gravitational Poynting vector provides a mechanism for the transfer of gravitational energy to a system of falling objects. In the following we will show that the gravitational poynting vector together with the electromagnetic Poynting vector provides a mechanism to explain how massive electrically charged bodies acquire kinetic energy during a free fall. We will demontrate that falling electrically charged masses violate the Galilean law of universal free fall. An experiment is suggested to confirm or not the predicted phenomena.


IoT sensors are becoming increasingly important supplement to traditional monitoring systems, particularly for in-situ based monitoring. Data collected using IoT sensors are often plagued with missing values occurring as a result of sensor faults, network failures, drifts and other operational issues. Missing data can have substantial impact on in-field sensor calibration methods. The goal of this research is to achieve effective calibration of sensors in the context of such missing data. To this end, two objectives are presented in this paper. 1) Identify and examine effective imputation strategy for missing data in IoT sensors. 2) Determine sensor calibration performance using calibration techniques on data set with imputed values. Specifically, this paper examines the performance of Variational Autoencoder (VAE), Neural Network with Random Weights (NNRW), Multiple Imputation by Chain Equations (MICE), Random Forest-based Imputation (missForest) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) for imputation of missing values on IoT sensors. Furthermore, the performance of sensor calibration via different supervised algorithms trained on the imputed dataset were evaluated. The analysis showed VAE technique to outperform the other methods in imputing the missing values at different proportions of missingness on two real-world datasets. Experimental results also showed improved calibration performance with imputed dataset.


The WHO Constitution states that "The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political, economic or social condition."


Abstract A novel hydroxylamine resin for solid‐phase synthesis of hydroxamic acids is described. Its facile application is illustrated by the solid‐phase synthesis of various hydroxamic acids. Cleavage is induced under acidic conditions by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, providing hydroxamic acids in high purity and good yields.


Experiments are being conducted to measure directly by laser Doppler interferometry the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane components of the surface motion of a vibrating shell simultaneously at several surface points. The proposed design requires three Bragg cells to generate three coherent optical beams with different carrier frequencies. Three 1×4 fiber optic connectors are used to transmit each beam to four surface points. At each point, both the out‐of‐plane component and one of the in‐plane components of the displacement vector are measured. The light scattered by the vibrating surface is Doppler shifted and collected into a large core multimode fiber situated close to the surface and terminated by a photodiode. The signals are acquired and digitized for direct phase demodulation on a computer by means of Hilbert transforms. [Work supported by ONR.]


This research work presents a physiologically accurate and novel computationally fast neuromusculoskeletal model of the human lower limb stiffness. The proposed computational framework uses electromyographic signals, motion capture data and ground reaction forces to predict the force developed by 43 musculotendon actuators. The estimated forces are then used to compute the musculotendon stiffness and the corresponding joint stiffness. The estimations at each musculotendon unit is constrained to simultaneously satisfy the joint angles and the joint moments of force generated with respect to five degrees of freedom, including: Hip Adduction-Abduction, Hip Flexion-Extension, Hip Internal-External Rotation, Knee Flexion-Extension, and Ankle Plantar-Dorsi Flexion. Advanced methods are used to perform accurate muscle-driven dynamic simulations and to guarantee the dynamic consistency between kinematic and kinetic data.
This study presents also the design, simulation and prototyping of a small musculoskeletal humanoid made for replicating the human musculoskeletal structure in an artificial apparatus capable to maintain a quiet standing position using only a completely passive elastic actuation structure. The proposed prototype has a total mass of about 2 kg and its height is 40 cm. It comprises of four segments for each leg and six degrees of freedom, including: Hip Adduction-Abduction, Hip Flexion-Extension, Knee Flexion-Extension, Ankle Plantar-Dorsi Flexion, Ankle Inversion-Eversion, and Toe Flexion-Extension. In order to reconstruct the continuous state space parameters proper of the assembly's control of quiet standing, a hybrid non-linear Extended Kalman Filter based technique is proposed to combine a base-excited inverted pendulum kinematic model of the robot with the discrete-time position measurements.
This research work provides effective solutions and readily available software tools to improve the human interaction with robotic assistive devices, advancing the research in neuromusculoskeletal modeling to better understand the mechanisms of actuation provided by human muscles and the rules that govern the lower limb joint stiffness regulation. The obtained results suggest that the neuromusculoskeletal modeling technology can be exploited to address the challenges on the development of musculoskeletal humanoids, new generation human-robot interfaces, motion control algorithms, and intelligent assistive wearable devices capable to effectively ensure a proper dynamic coupling between human and robot.


Three dimensional (3D) alloyed micro- and nanostructures composed of nanoscale subunits with regular and novel morphologies have received intensive attention due to their interesting physicochemical properties and wide applications in different areas. In this study, 3D CoNi microstructures consisting of well-defined CoNi nanoleaves are synthesized by a complexant-assisted wet-chemical reduction process free of any surfactant or template, which is suitable for large scale production. Elemental maps obtained by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicate that Co and Ni elements are homogenously distributed in the microstructures, verifying that the sample is an alloy rather than a mixture of Co and Ni. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern demonstrate the nanoleaves in the 3D microstructures are single crystals. Magnetic measurements at room temperature revealed that the as-prepared 3D CoNi microstructures exhibit a ferromagnetic property with a coercivity of 197.4 Oe, which is much higher than that of many CoNi micro- and nanostructures reported in recent literature. Based on the evolution of the morphology of the products with increasing reaction time, a possible formation mechanism is proposed to illustrate the growth of the CoNi microstructures.


The people of Bandar Lampung City are known as religious communities with Islam as the religion of the majority of the population. Its population structure is more Muslim women cause this city to become a market for beauty products that are so potential and become the target of domestic and foreign producers. The formulation of the problem which is the focal point of this research is how the halal label and the price of beauty products can influence the decision to buy a beauty product considering that the products available on the market do not all have a halal logo from the Indonesian Ulama Majlis. This study uses a qualitative (naturalistic) approach which is believed to be able to explain the existing phenomena more comprehensively in seeing the effect of halal labels on packaged products and prices on purchasing decisions that occur in beauty products at Chandra Supermarket and Ramayana Supermarket in Bandar Lampung City. The results showed that the factors considered in the first decision making were the quality and perception of the quality of beauty products, the suitability of individuals with products and information/referrals from 3rd person and advertisements on various media. Information on the following considerations is the brand and prestige of beauty products, product prices and halal status. Keywords : halal labels, prices, purchasing decisions .


This paper presents a synchronized phasor measurement-based wide-area backup protection scheme which uses the magnitude of sequence voltages of buses at a system protection centre to identify the faulted bus closest to the fault and faulted line. The technique is tested for various faults including simultaneous faults in various systems with interconnections. The scheme is found to be accurate and fast with today's synchronized measurement technology. Analysis using simultaneous faults is a novel contribution in this paper. It is expected that this scheme will reduce the number of disastrous blackouts and improve the reliability and security of the power system. The required information is able to distinguish between balanced and unbalanced fault in the system. The study of new back up protection scheme is done on a WSCC-3 machine-9 bus system and an IEEE 14 bus test system. The data is simulated through EMTDC/PSCAD and MATLAB /SIMULINK softwares.


The development of endothermic heat production in honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica POLLM.). Honeybees (Apis mellifera, Hymenoptera: Apidae) are heterothermic insects. They are able to produce heat with their thoracic muscles. They need the heat, for example, to regulate the temperature inside the hive, or to be able to fly out to forage. They also use the heat production to fight against enemies like hornets and wasps. The ability of heat production is not developed when they emerge. We investigated at which age honeybees start to produce heat and at which age this ability is completely developed. We took bees from combs of two honeybee colonies, which had been placed in an incubator for emerging, and marked them with different colours, to know their age. The honeybees were separated in small boxes, which were mounted on a laboratory shaker. Before we started to measure the body temperature, the shaker was switched on to stimulate them to heat up their thorax. The body temperature was measured by the use of an infrared camera (AGA 782 SW, FLIR) at different ambient temperatures (32°C, 25°C, 18°C). The measurements were made with workers half an hour to 5 days old. At 32°C and 25°C ambient temperature 1 of 16 of the 9h old bees (6%) showed heat production and at 18°C ambient temperature the first bee which raised her body temperature (Thead Tabdomen; differences > 0.2°C) was 4h old (6% showed heat production). Up to an age of 36h, however, this ability was developed only weakly. Only at the age of 5 days the intensity of endothermy (highest difference of temperature between thorax and abdomen or ambience) is fully developed in most bees. At this age, bees start to fly out of the hive for orientation.


A process for preparing containing urethane (meth) acrylate (U) by reacting a urethane group-containing alcohol (A) having a (meth) acrylate of a saturated alcohol (G) in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor (P) with an enzyme (E) as a catalyst in a reactor wherein the (meth) acrylate of a saturated alcohol (G) to the urethane group-containing alcohol (a) continuously over at least one fixed-bed reactor filled with an immobilized enzyme (e) is passed as a catalyst.


Taking the underground oil and gas segregator located at Beila Oil Depot, Mozambique, as an example, this paper describes the construction methods of using steel sheet piles for foundation pit support in the unfavorable conditions including narrow construction site, high underground water table, soft and weak foundation, with respects to the support scheme establishment, design principle and type selection of the support structure, the construction process flow, technical measures and matters for attention. The engineering practice has proved that using steel sheet piles for foundation pit support provided a safe construction circum- stance for main part construction of the segregator, and controlled the construction quality, period and costs effectively.


Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by abnormal levels of one or more plasma lipids or lipoproteins. It is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) around the world. Pediatric dyslipidemias can lead to atherosclerosis and extrapolate to premature CVDs. Atherosclerotic lesions begin during childhood and act as the major risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). Dyslipidemias can be caused by primary genetic disorders or by secondary causes, the most common of which is obesity. In order to diagnose and manage dyslipidemias early, it is important to know the screening guidelines, lifestyle changes, and treatment for childhood dyslipidemias. The appropriate identification and management of dyslipidemia in childhood can lead to decreased risk factors for future CVDs. One of the best ways to manage childhood dyslipidemias is through appropriate lifestyle changes where parents play a vital role, through healthy home environment. Pharmacological interventions include statins and fibrates that play a major role. This article reviews pediatric dyslipidemia and reemphasizes on the importance of lifestyle changes modeled by parents as well as appropriate selection of treatment by health-care providers. The aim of this review article is to draw attention toward the importance of screening, identification, and timely management of dyslipidemias in children which can prevent future risks and complications that may even be life threatening.


We implement a fast beam quality factor evaluation of a large-mode-area 20/400 µm fiber based on mode decomposition and reconstruction. Each transverse mode power weight factor and relative phase difference at the fiber output facet are estimated by the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm based simply on the instantaneous acquired charge coupled device near-field beam profile. The beam quality factor M2 in two orthogonal directions can be analyzed in consideration of the complex amplitude of each transmission mode. The performance of our method is verified by applying it to the beam quality measurement of a 217.4 W high-power fiber laser. The calculated M2 in two directions are 1.25 and 1.18, respectively, which is in good agreement with the measured results of 1.29 and 1.24. The proposed method could be helpful for beam quality evaluation of high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers, where the rapid change of the beam quality factor is difficult to detect due to mode instability.


Kelly (JeZia. Zeitsc/ilr., Bd. XXXV, p. 429) has pointed out that calcic carbonate occurs in nature in five forms: calcite, aragonite, ktypeite, conchite, and amorphous calcium carbonate. Of these calcite and conchite are the only ones found abundantly in organisms. Conchite is probably slightly more soluble, harder, and has a higher specific weight than calcite. Both forms occur throughout the animal series; thus calcite is the mineral component of the shells of echinoderms, brachiopods, crustacea, bryozoa, of the calcareous spicules of sponges, of the ear stones of fish and amphibia, and of the eggshells of mollusks, most reptiles, and birds; conchite is characteristic of the skeletons of most stone corals, and the shells of many mollusks.


SUMMARY

Mechanical interaction between adjacent plates, which causes crustal deformation in plate boundary zones, is rationally represented by tangential displacement discontinuity (fault slip) at plate interfaces. Given fault slip distribution, we can compute surface displacements on the basis of elastic dislocation theory. Thus we can determine the functional form of a stochastic model to extract information about unknown fault slip distribution from observed surface displacement data. In addition to observed data we usually have prior information. For example, plate tectonics postulates that primary fault slip is parallel to relative plate motion. This is direct prior information that bounds the values of model parameters within certain ranges. From physical consideration we may impose prior constraint on the roughness of fault slip distribution. This is indirect prior information that regulates the structure of stochastic models. By combining the direct and indirect prior information with observed data in a proper way we constructed a Bayesian model for geodetic data inversion, which has a hierarchic flexible structure controlled by hyper-parameters. The optimum values of hyper-parameters are objectively determined from observed data by using Akaike's Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC). The inversion formula derived from the Bayesian model unifies the Jackson–Matsu'ura formula with direct prior information and the Yabuki–Matsu'ura formula with indirect prior information in a rational way. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the unified inversion formula through the analysis of the surface displacement data associated with the 1923 Kanto earthquake. In the analysis with direct and indirect prior information we obtained the bimodal distribution of fault slip almost parallel to plate convergence on the North American–Philippine Sea Plate interface. If we ignore the direct prior information in the analysis, additional significant distribution of fault slip perpendicular to plate convergence appears to the east, which is incomprehensible from plate tectonics.


The iterative development of big data technology has been deeply applied in the field of social water environment governance, and has shown a number of cutting-edge and characteristic trends. Big data technology and thinking promote the transformation of governance concepts to integration, the governance subject to diversification and coordination, the governance field to new-type expansion, and the governance structure to an integrated transformation in the society's water environment. At the same time, there are challenges in data quality and decision-making quality, data validation and national security, data standards and structural reforms, data innovation and application in social water environment governance driven by big data. In the future, the government needs to further strengthen the top-level design, move towards the overall governance of the water environment, fill in the legislative gaps, clarify the ownership of water environment data, increase innovative applications, tap the potential of water environment data, and provide Chinese wisdom for international water environment governance.


In co-ordinated traffic light signalling the English tradition of fixed cycle time has been adopted by most of the world and has a long history going back to the beginning of the last century. The Road Research Laboratory Technical Paper 56 entitled Traffic Signals by FV Webster and BM Cobbe, published by HMSO in 1966 has for many traffic engineers been seen as a bible. The studies by RD Bretherton (1979) TRRL Laboratory Report LR 879 entitled "Five methods of changing fixed-time traffic signal plans" and available from TRL showed the importance of knowing when to change signal plans in an area. By changing a fixed signal plan you introduce a cost to the traffic that perhaps will not be balanced by benefits until 10 to 15 minutes into the next signal plan. For this reason frequent changes of fixed signal plans are not recommended. The innovations introduced by TRL and the rest of the development team around SCOOT, revealed that you can avoid these problems by introducing many small changes in the signalling. However, they have had to work their way around problems with changes in the cycle time and green split, due to rules about the allowed size of the change. Also in SCOOT, common cycle time is the basis of the concept. Although you may change the cycle time in small steps, all the intersections in an area will be following the same changes. In Norway the traffic engineers have been devoted to fixed cycle time. However, in recent years Norwegian traffic engineers have asked themselves if this is the best solution.


Poster: "ECR 2018 / C-2228 / Percutaneous retrieval of dislodged central venous port catheters using pigtail and loop snare catheters simultaneously;procedural details, efficacy and safety" by: "A. Dablan, O. Ozgur; Antalya/TR"


The concept of stability is one of the most important issues regarding Ayurvedic formulations as till date no specific guidelines are available for the same. Although the Ayurvedic lexicon as well as Gazette notification issued by Government of India on 26th November, 2005 revealed shelf life of Ayurvedic formulations, greater advancements in packaging and storage technology nowadays has created a need for the revision of their shelf life. Mainly, two guidelines, namely, International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and the World Health Organization provide details regarding parameters for stability study of pharmaceutical products but ICH guidelines from Q1 to Q11 is generally followed. A well-designed stability protocol containing information such as selection of batches and samples, test attributes, analytical procedures, acceptance criteria, storage conditions and period, testing frequency, sampling plan, container closure systematic, and various types of stability study and stability testing methods should be taken into consideration. Currently, pharmaceutical product is generally assayed using a validated stability indicating analytical method and an expiry date is marked based on the predicated period from date of manufacture when the pharmaceutical product would show more than 10% deterioration in the active molecule. Hence, these guidelines may also be implemented on Ayurvedic formulations where percentage degradation can be assayed when the product is stored at different conditions of temperature and humidity. The general concept of stability for Ayurvedic or modern medicine remains same but the parameters used to assess the stability may vary from product to product.


MATSim-T (Multi-Agent Traffic Simulation Toolkit) is a simulation platform for large-scale agent-based traffic. Each agent plans its day and performs its activities based on that plan. Then it chooses appropriate routes to reach its destinations. The queue based micro-simulation of MATSim-T ignores the conflicts in intersections. To avoid conflicts in intersections, signal control is added into MATSim-T. This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of signal control on MATSim-T. The capacity of the network is adjusted to satisfy the traffic demand through the green time fraction. The performance of average trip durations is tested based on the traffic flow in the street network of Zurich, Switzerland, which is generated by MATSim-T. The simulation results show that the average trip duration will stabilize after signal optimization even the initial green fraction is different.


OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the conclusive reports of the Brazilian School Food Council on the implementation of the National School Food Program. METHODS: This quantitative and qualitative study analyzed 4,256 reports in the quantitative phase and 2,299 reports in the qualitative phase. The reports were issued in 2009. A total of 4,135 annual synthetic statements on physical and financial implementation of the Program were also analyzed. The reports were analyzed in the qualitative phase by content analysis. RESULTS: Quantitative analysis showed that the implementing party provided no consideration for food purchase in 24.4% (n=1,009) of the locations, and 78.7% (n=3,348) of the reports were signed by a single council member. Qualitative analysis of the reports showed that 64.5% (n=1,483) of the locations were under a central management and that 23.9% (n=549) of the implementing parties purchased food with their own funds. Most auctions were open ascending price auctions (32.7%, n=751) and only 4.9% (n=112) of the reports disclosed buying foods from family farms. The main council responsibilities are analyzing the expense reports (59.1%, n=1,359) and following menu development (36.5%, n=838). CONCLUSION: Execution of the different parts of the National School Food Program was evidenced by analyzing the School Food Council reports and annual synthetic statements, which characterized them as program-monitoring tools. The findings may help to support the strategies used for improving the quality of school food and strengthening the School Food Council.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate through a recent Order Dismissing Proceedings against a San Francisco hedge fund manager the interplay between the SEC's regulation and enforcement programs and the way that a patient response to SEC enforcement allegations can sometimes be rewarded.Design/methodology/approach – The paper explains the background to the Order Instituting Proceedings in the Global Crown case, how the Goldstein decision led to the Order Dismissing Proceedings, and the implications of that ODP.Findings – The paper finds that in the future, as a result of the Goldstein decision, there will be fewer instances in which fraudulent statements by hedge fund managers to investors will be discovered, because the managers will not be registered and the SEC will therefore not have access to their records through the examination process; and, until a recently approved rule becomes effective, the SEC's remedies will be limited.Practical implications – The result in the Global Crown cas...


Abstract: Objectives: The present study aimed at measuring the length and width of the head and face of children under the age of six years in Anambra state, a South Eastern state of Nigeria. Data obtained was used to calculate their respective craniofacial indices. Methods: Four hundred and fifty four children (226 males and 228 females) below the age of six were randomly sampled from pre-nursery and nursery schools. Subjects with signs of deformities or history of head and facial injuries and mental retardations were excluded from the study. Measuring tape and spreading callipers were used to measure the length and width of the head and face. Results: Results indicated that the mean head length and breadth, face length and breadth, cephalic index and facial index did not indicate significant gender differences. Mesocephalic head type was the predominant, accounting for 39.9% of the study population; brachycephalic, dolicocephalic, hyperbrachycephalic heads accounted for 35.9%, 12.1% and 7.7% respectively, while ultrabrachycephalic was the least prevalent (4.4%). The dominant type of face was found to be hypereuryprosopic accounting for about 44.5% of the study population. Euryprosopic, mesoprosopic, and leptoprosopic types of face accounted for 39.2%, 11.2%, and 4% of the sampled population respectively, while the rare type was found to be hyperleptoprosopic with 1.1%. Conclusion: This study indicates no significant gender differences in the craniofacial variables in a cross-section of Nigerian children under 6 years of age. The most prevalent type of head was the mesocephalic type while the most dominant type of face shape was hypereuryprosopic in both male and female subjects. [Ukoha U. U. et al NJIRM 2013; 4(2) : 21-25]


After the victory of China's resistance war against Japan,the kuomingtang government implemented the policy of allocating the citizens' foodstuff in Shanghai,hoping to meet the citizens' basic foodstuff demand and stablize the mass foundation of regime when the inflation became worse and worse.The implement of this policy could not save the declining of the kuomingtang's regime finally. But to a certain extent ,it played the role of stabilizing the society and economy. It can be seen that the Kuomingtang's regime attempted to realize the imtervention and expansion of state power in the social economic life guided by"livelihoodism".


There has been a tremendous increase in the number and types of various industries, with all industrial operations generating wastes in one form or the other. Electroplating sector contributes a major part in deteriorating the local environment at a massive scale due to the persistent accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. Nature of the microbial biodiversity of industrial effluents, in particular, the effluent from the electroplating industry remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, a unique set of chemo-heterotrophic organisms comprising of nine bacteria and eleven fungi were isolated from the effluents of a gold electroplating industry effluent, located in Mumbai, India. The culture isolates were identified by biochemical tests and partial 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequence matches. Among the cultures isolated and identified, four were novel and hitherto unreported species of bacteria and ten were new strains of fungi. The sequence data of novel isolates obtained were submitted at NCBI, GenBank to acquire unique accession numbers subsequent to which new strain designations were given to them by the authors. The bacterial isolates were designated as Staphylococcus sp. ss-1, Achromobacter sp. ss-2, Macrococcus sp. ss-4 and Bacillus sp. ss-6. New strain designations were assigned to the fungal isolates as Talaromyces marneffei strain GEF-1, Penicillium pinophilum strain GEF-2, Curvularia lunata strain GEF-3, Aspergillus tamarii strain GEF-4, Aspergillus tamarii strain GEF-5, Aspergillus sydowii strain GEF-6, Aspergillus flavus strain GEF-7, Aspergillus niger strain GEF-8, Aspergillus awamori strain GEF-9 and Cladosporium sphaerospermum strain GEF-11. The study highlights the presence of new isolates endowed with metal resistance genes possibly for multiple heavy metal resistance to be able to survive in several heavy metal polluted environment. Indigenous microorganisms isolated from the electroplating effluents may be studied to examine their potential to produce enzymes, and bioactive compounds for application in agricultural, pharmaceutical, industrial, environmental and medical sciences.


Incorporating multiple representations enhanced through technology is a theme in reformed mathematics curricula. While the need for students to use and reason on multiple representations is widely accepted, the research‐based knowledge on how to best accomplish this goal is just beginning to emerge. Current cognitive theories indicate that students' knowledge of and preference for various representations is crucial to the decision process. This project develops and validates an instrument for determining student preferences for multiple representations of functions and establishes base‐line data for future research. The results indicate that students do have preferences for representations of functions and that these preferences vary between contextualized and non‐contextualized settings. Furthermore, students' preferences between these two settings are more similar for students in a graphics calculator‐based calculus course than for students in a traditional calculus course. If a student has a cognitive ...


This research aimed to describe the development process and results of the Construct 2 Android-based education math game on number pattern subjects to increase student's ICT literacy. This research employed the Research and Development method with a 4-D development model. The development model consisted of 4 stages: the Define stage, the Design stage, the Development stage, and the dissemination stage. Also, the researchers developed the Android-based application based on ICT literacy indicators. The application must be valid, practical, and effective. The results showed a correlation coefficient value of 0.87 and included in the valid category with very high interpretation. The level of practicality of the developed product was 83.96% based on a users' responses questionnaire. The effectiveness was determined based on the percentage of students' learning outcomes which was 83.33%. The increase in students' ICT literacy was determined based on the ICT literacy questionnaire and learning outcome tests' average N-Gain score. The average N-Gain value obtained was 0.75, with an average value for the ICT literacy questionnaire of 0.89 and the average value for the learning outcome test of 0.61. Based on these three criteria, it can be concluded that the Construct 2 android-based educational math game on the number pattern material can improve students' ICT literacy.


Following the trend of web-based standardized examination system, this paper presents a project to design an on-line examination system with powerful functions under the requirements of standardized examination, and divides it into function modules, so as to enhance the effect of examinations and improve the information degree for the examinations.


.In the substratum that mostly contained pebble, no individuals were found. Statistical analysis showed that the correlation between the length of individuals and water depth was statistically signifi cant (r = 0.13, p < 0.05). Th e research showed that lamprey juveniles avoid shallow water. Vegetation coverage in lamprey habitations was a positive factor (F = 7.65, p < 0.05).


The paper discusses existing law liquidation of the company
with limited liability under the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., The
Civil Code, in conjunction with Law no. 90/2012 Coll., on
business corporations.


Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on co-operation in the field of tourism between the Government of the Argentine Republic and the Government of the State of Qatar. Buenos Aires, 18 January 2011