Background: Bihar government has implemented a total alcohol prohibition in state since April 2016. Alcohol de-addiction centre had been started in each district to tackle the problem of alcohol withdrawal. However it seems that number of expected people did not turn up at these de-addiction centres. Apart from it, there is reporting of alcohol availability in state despite ban. Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the alcohol users after ban, to describe type of alcohol being consumed and place of availability of alcohol. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in three blocks relatives of identified alcohol user were interviewed by trained field investigators in two weeks of data collection period (25th July to 10th August 2016). Data was collected by trained investigators using predesigned semi structured questionnaire. Results: Majority of drinkers (64%) stopped taking alcohol after the ban and above 25% people shifted to other substance like Toddy, Ganja (Marijuana) etc. Majority of drinkers are still getting alcohol illegally from nearby locality or neighbouring district. Most common available type of alcohol is country made (Local, Desi) alcohol. Female / spouse of male were very happy after this ban as male gives their quality time and money for wellbeing of homes. Conclusion: About 30% known alcoholics still consuming alcohol. Most of them getting it illegally from nearby villages and districts. Above one fourth of the alcoholics have shifted to other substance abuse after ban to satisfy their desire.


Etiopathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Genetic and environmental factors and an abnormal activation of the immune system are the pathogenetic key determinants discussed in inflammatory bowel diseases. The identification of NOD2 variants as susceptibility markers for Crohn's disease offers a link between these factors though many questions remain to be solved. Several other genetic susceptibility markers have been identified either typical for Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or for both entities. The genetic influence seems to be more prominent in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis.


The role of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in employment and income generation is increasingly recognized for the unemployed people especially for women and has become a major playing field for policy makers and donors with dual objective of enhancing growth and alleviating poverty. MSEs are particularly important for women since they offer a more flexible, less restrictive form of employment and can be undertaken by the skill they acquire. This study investigated the constraints and key determinants of growth particularly in employment expansion among women's-enterprise based on the survey-covering 123 business units randomly selected in four Kebele s of Nifas Silk-Lafto and Kirkos sub cities of Addis Ababa. Major finding showed that marketing problems due to presence of competitors with identical products change in demand and absence of market linkages are the basic constraints to the growth of women operated enterprises. Lack of enough working space, raw material accessibility, shortage of working capital and lack of availability of enough loan access are the subsequent growth barriers for women's enterprises. The use of external finance is found to have a positive contribution for enterprise growth. Therefore, adequate provision of finance should be the main element in the development programs. The provision of finance based on their saving amount and saving habits encourage more women to take loans since they mostly lack economic resources and are unable to give collaterals. Therefore, it was recommended among others that specialized microfinance services that benefit women entrepreneurs must be established or encouraged.


Abstract The experimental equipment at beam line 7A of the IBR-2 pulsed reactor at JINR, which includes a texture diffractometer and a high-pressure device, is used to characterize textural and structural changes of marbles in dependence upon directed stress, temperature and time. It was shown, that texture changes as a consequence of heating are not valid, in contrast, long-acting load even at moderate stresses led to significant texture modification. The neutron diffraction data are also used to demonstrate its usefulness for the calculation of the thermal expansion coefficient a of calcite, and to calculate the lattice stresses induced by temperature and mechanical stresses.


Let $H_n$ be the height of a random binary search tree on $n$ nodes. We show that there exists a constant $\alpha = 4.31107\ldots$ such that ${\rm P} \{ |H_n - \alpha \log n | > \beta \log \log n \} \to 0$, where $\beta>15 \alpha / \ln 2 = 93.2933\ldots$. The proof uses the second moment method and does not rely on properties of branching processes. We also show that $\Var \{ H_n \} = O( (\log \log n)^2)$.


Dense meteorological data (e.g. satellite, radar, etc.) can lead to excessive computational costs with respect to assimilation systems. Various methodologies exist to reduce the amount of data that are used by modern data assimilation systems. Three different thinning algorithms, developed at the University of Alabama's Information Technology and Systems Center (ITSC), are investigated here. The algorithms are tested using three simplified synthetic data sets in which we can easily specify the error characteristics. The performance is evaluated using a two-dimensional variational analysis (2DVAR) via comparison with a subsampling technique. Results are presented whereby the impact is gauged by: 1.) how well the methods retain essential features found in the original data sets and 2.) the relationship between observation retention rate and the relative error.


The algorithms used in the database-driven SLC fast-feedback system are based on the state-space formalism of digital control theory. These are implemented as a set of matrix equations which use a Kalman filter to estimate a vector of states from a vector of measurements and then apply a gain matrix to determine the actuator settings from the state vector. The matrices used in the calculation are derived offline using linear quadratic Gaussian minimization. For a given noise spectrum, this procedure minimizes the RMS of the states (e.g., the position or energy of the beam). The offline program also allows simulation of the loop's response to arbitrary inputs and calculates its frequency response.<<ETX>>


The quality of transport networks does not only depend on the quality of the individual links and nodes, but also on the way these nodes and links function in the context of multimodal networks. In the present paper we focus on multimodal trips where the railways are the main transport mode. We discuss detour and frequency problems related to multimodal transport chains. Local accessibility of railway stations is an important determinant of railway use in the Netherlands. We find that the propensity to make use of rail services by people living in the ring between 500 to 1000 meters from a railway station is about 20% lower than of people living at most 500 meters away from railway stations. At distances between 1.0 and 3.5 km the distance decay effect is about 30%, and above this distance it may reach values up to 50%. Non‐motorized transport modes are dominant at both the home‐end and the activity‐end. A rather unique feature of the home‐end access mode is the high share of the bicycle. More than one out of every three passengers uses the bike on the trip from home to station. At the activity‐end the share of the bike is much smaller, because of the asymmetry in the supply of this transport mode in the home versus activity‐end. This explains the dominant position of walking as the access mode at the activity‐end. Implications are discussed for physical planning and the need for facilities near railway stations.


The aim of this study is to investigate the aspect of the psychological and mental experiences of living liver donors living in Korean culture. This study is qualitative research design that applied ethnographic research method through in-depth face-to-face interviews and participant observation. Data was collected from 10 living liver donors of the snow ball method. The results were delineated into 6 domains, 30 categories, and 35 subcategories by theme and the 6 domains include: 'positive emotions', 'negative emotions', 'difficulty in expressing feelings', 'mental difficulties', 'body image damaged' and 'thinking about living organ donations'. An appropriate medical care and continuous and systematic psychological and mental consultation before and after donation for the donors are required and the development and support system for them must be arranged.


We have recently applied the quasi‐steady state heat transfer/thermal stress model for dislocation generation to the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) process for GaAs, permitting a direct comparison with the original treatment of liquid‐encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) growth. Very recent high temperature critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) data on undoped VGF and In‐doped LEC specimens were used. We show that the ∼threefold increase in CRSS with In is sufficient to inhibit defect formation in the central ∼75% of 3 in. diameter LEC wafers grown in a high ambient temperature gradient, duplicating the etch‐pit density (EPD) data. Undoped VGF wafers are predicted to be nearly dislocation‐free. The theoretical results on 3 in. material track the low EPD counts in both the 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 directions in a 5 K/cm gradient imposed on the crystals' surface. We also discuss the origin of dislocations in regions free of thermal stresses and propose their suppression by the addition of a small amount of In in VGF exper...


A function f : V → {0,1,2} is a total Roman dominating function (TRDF) on a graph G =( V,E ) if for every vertex v  ∈  V with f ( v ) = 0 there is a vertex u adjacent to v with f ( u ) = 2 and for every vertex v ∈ V with f ( v ) > 0 there exists a vertex u ∈ N G ( v ) with f ( u ) > 0. The weight of a total Roman dominating function f on G is equal to f ( V )=Σ v ∈ V f ( v ). The minimum weight of a total Roman dominating function on G is called the total Roman domination number of G . In this paper, we give an algorithm to compute the total Roman domination number of a given proper interval graph G =( V,E ) in O (| V |) time.


The main body of a book take Chinese elothes and ornaments the ancient times phylogeny as clue,Discuss the effect that the person develops to Chinese clothes and ornaments system from angles such as politics,ethics,philosophy, Confucianism;The shape makes,clothes and ornaments material,clothes and ornaments color,clothes and ornaments carry many aspect such as piece etc.from clothes and ornaments to have discussed additional clothes and ornaments art series of society's,culture's,system's,class's,concept's significance,As well as regarding specifically the different clothing,politics symbolic significance which,ethics symbolic significance they represent.


Batch experiments were carried out to examine the biomass acclimatization during the aerobic biodegradation of 2, 4 dichlorophenol (2, 4 DCP) by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel pellets in a bubble column bioreactor. The bacteria was acclimatized to 2, 4 DCP with concentrations of up to 200 mg/l, with and without the addition of glucose. After the acclimatization, experiments were carried out with initial 2, 4 DCP concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 mg/l. In the course of the study, a phenomenon was noticed that can be related to the effect of carbon starvation on the biodegradation ability of the bacterial cells. This paper presents the results on this phenomenon. Starved cells showed higher growth and degradation rates.


The theory on "nature" in The Doctrine of the Mean can also be named as that of temperament.One reason that The Doctrine of the Mean was regarded in modern times as a pioneering work in Confucianist mysticism lies in the fact that "temperament" plays an important role in the book.Compared with The Great Learning that emphasizes the "mind," The Doctrine of the Mean dwells on "temperament," and the latter pays more attention to the restructuring of "the system of internal saints," while The Great Learning engages in "the system of external kings." The trace of later annotators on "The mandate of heaven is nature" reflects one understanding of different schools as well as the development of the time.


In the present paper we establish some fixed point theorems in Banach space taking rational expression. Our Result Generalize the result of many authors. Key words : Fixed point, common fixed point, rational expressions, Banach spaces


The imperfection of the labor law system is the important reason which results in a lot of damage to their legitimate rights and interests of laborers,who also find it difficult to remedy such sufferings.In order to strengthen the guarantee of the legal system for labor rights,it is essential to establish and improve the systems regarding the followings: labor and employment registration,pre-service training,labor administrative supervision and the proposed system of justice regarding labor dispute cases.


By a case study which analyzed the sliding mass engineering geological condition and structure of Taiping hill landslide,the author drew to a conclusion that the landslide was formed in a complex structure setting,due to mine exploiting and heavy rainfalls.The landslide was finished in two very deep-seated slip periods,their combinatorial modality is telescopic.The course of the landslide includes six steps:gestation in fold deformation,peristalsis,slippage,another squirm,devastating slippage,adjustive comback.So the best way to control hazards is propagandizing related knowledge and taking scientific precautions.


Abstract Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Jambolan) is a widespread summer fruit plant, well-known for various therapeutic uses such as anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties. The fruit helps to convert starch into energy which helps in regulating blood sugar levels and possesses a low glycemic index. The present study is aimed to estimate the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves of Syzygium cumini through GC/MS. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus which was further analyzed through GC/MS. The GC/MS analysis identified twenty-five components with a total area percentage of 95.66 %. The major identified components were τ-cadinol (21.44 %) and tau-muurolol (12.01 %). The compounds of intermediate concentration were globulol (7.98 %), caryophyllene (6.69 %), δ-cadinene (6.56%) and α-pinene (6.32 %). While β-eudesmol (4.42 %), β-pinene (4.32 %), γ-cadinene (3.87 %), camphene (2.98 %), α-terpinenol (2.72 %), camphor (2.23 %), humulene 6,7-epoxide (2.17 %), cubeban-11-ol (1.98 %), α-muurolene (1.81 %), epicubenol (1.43 %), α-copaene (1.26 %), viridiflorene (1.02 %), β-guanine (0.65 %), β-bourbonene (0.23 %), terpinen-4-ol (0.13 %), endo-borneol (0.12 %), levoverbenone (0.12 %) and isobornyl acetate (0.12 %) were the compounds present in minor concentrations. Among the identified compounds there were monoterpene hydrocarbons (13.62 %), bicyclic-monoterpenoid (0.36 %), terpenoid ketones (2.23 %), monocyclic monoterpenoid alkene alcohol (2.85 %), non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.17 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (51.43 %). The present investigation also discusses the applications of various components found in S. cumini leaf essential oil and a comparative view on the essential oil composition of the leaves of the plant was reported earlier.


Growing awareness of the potential environmental impacts of conventional refrigerants (CFCs and HFCs) has led to efforts to identify suitable alternative refrigerants for various heat pump applications with minimum environmental impact. This study is focused on the performance evaluation of various alternatives including hydrocarbon (HC), hydroflouroolefins (HFO), and CO2 as drop-in-replacement for R134a for heat pump water heating (HPWH). Fundamental thermophysical properties have been used to highlight the important performance characteristics of the systems when such fluids are deployed working medium. Key performance parameters such as unified energy factor, first hour rating and thermal stratification in the water tank are investigated using simulation and experimental approaches. The findings suggest that both alternative refrigerants could provide comparable system performance to that of the baseline system containing R134a. System refrigerant charge and the condenser discharge temperature are established to investigate the potential of hydrocarbon refrigerants to substitute R134a without significant system modifications. The overall objective is to identify the major challenges and opportunities for alternative refrigerants for heat pump water heater in terms of performance, required infrastructure and potential for drop-in-replacement. Notice: This manuscript has been authored in part by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). 18 International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, May 24-28, 2021 Other Computers 9% 201i, Cooking, \ 4(1/o " Wet Cleaning 5% Eleclronics 8%


A pointing accuracy better than 1"(3sigma) star tracker plays a significant role for the advanced scientific missions. This thesis makes a series of studies on the typical error sources associated with the positioning and calibration processes, such as the centroiding algorithm, detector noise, motion, focal length drift, variation of the center wavelength of stellar spectrum, the model error, etc., some works of which are listed as follows: IWCOG algorithm is studied for the characteristics of both the accuracy and efficiency. Using Cramer-Rao Lower Bound theorem,centified to have an approximate optimum property for signal with Possion noise and the optimum feature in case of Gaussian noise. In order to enhance the dynamic performance, the generallized dynamic compensation formula is derived to compensate out the error from motion. decoupling of three technical indicators including dynamic performance, pointing accuracy and attitude output rate. To solve the problems exhibited in the in-orbit correction procedure, a brilliant idea, known as the CRLB constraint method, is presented to minimize some small error sources. To fulfill this goal, the full CRLB constaint formulas are derived to build a budget to limit the in-flight parameters. Using this method the overall error are obtained, which in turn results in three significant inferences. The attitude determination process is further optimized, by giving different weights to each star according to their magnitudes and the position over different star field, the QUEST algorithm is thus upgraded. The results show that this method can improve the attitude measurement accuracy statistically by 10-20%. The theory and deductions can be directly applied to various types of star trackers, whether it is a super-high accuracy one, or a high dynamic one.


THE treatment of advanced breast cancer by endocrine ablation has been widely practised during the last 10 years. However, high hopes, raised by early reports of a 50 per cent remission rate, have had to be modified, and most workers now accept that remission can be achieved in only a minority of patients (Atkins et af., 1957, 1960). When endocrine surgery is being considered, most patients are enfeebled with the disease, and it is important that major operations such as adrenalectomy should be offered only when there is a good chance of achieving some significant improvement. Consequently, a search has been made for methods which might help in the selection of those likely to benefit from operation. In disseminated malignant disease alterations in the blood chemistry occur (Woodard, 1953). Unfortunately, no relationship exists between these changes and the subsequent objective improvement in the disease following hormonal treatment or endocrine ablation (Woodard et al., 1954). Attempts to associate clinical response with altered production of hormones have, in general, proved fruitless (Bulbrook et al., 1958, a, b, c, 1960; Plantin et al., 1958; McAllister et al., 1960; Sim et al., 1960). It has been known for some time that the glycoprotein of serum is frequently elevated in cancer (Seibert et al., 1947; Shetlar et al., 1949, 1952; Anderson et al., 1955; Lockey et 01., 1956). In early cancer of the breast the concentration of serum glycoprotein is within the normal range; but in disseminated disease the levels are elevated (Almquist & Lausing, 1957). The present investigation was therefore conducted to see if changes in glycoprotein concentration may be useful in detecting metastases, in providing objective evidence of improvement and in predicting the likelihood of benefit from endocrine ablation in the individual patient. METHODS Clinical Studies were carried out in forty-one patients suffering from advanced breast cancer who had been referred for treatment to the professorial surgical unit of the Western Infirmary, Glasgow. Some form of endocrine ablative surgery was carried out in every case: oophorectomy, adrenalectomy or pituitary implantation with yttrium-90 (Forrest et al., 1959). Combinations of these three procedures were used in many ofthe cases. The patients were grouped according to whether or not remission had occurred after treatment. Remissions were recorded only when objective evidence of regression of disease was seen in superficial lesions or in radiographs. Equivocal responses were regarded as absence of response. Clinical assessment was made without any knowledge of the relevant glycoprotein levels.


The following article is an edited version of the speech that William Powell, father of Robbie Powell, gave to the AvMA Annual Conference on 24 July 2010. It summarises, from the author's point of view the events surrounding the death of Robbie Powell, the subsequent struggle to discover the truth and the campaign for Robbie's Law and his view on how duty of candour legislation would benefit not only bereaved relatives and damaged patients but also healthcare providers. It includes references to allegations which were made during the proceedings and were and remain disputed.


Absorbance value of conjugated linoleic acid from 204 260 nm was measured by UV 9100 spectrophotometer in hexane, water, methanol and ethanol respectively. The results showed that ethanol is deirable solvent. Even if the solubility of β cyclodextrin in ethanol is extremely low, it has a considerable influence on UV spectrophotometry. The inclusion ability to long chain fatty acid by β cyclodextrin varies in methanol. Solubilization of β cyclodextrin to conjugated linoleic acid is obvious in water which is favorable to the stability of emulsion and can prolong coacervation time of emulsion.


Studies of flat plate boundary layer development were made in a low speed wind tunnel at turbulence levels from 2%to 7%. Only transitional and turbulent flows were observed in the range 280 Re sub theta 700. The mean turbulent velocity profiles display law-of-the-wall behavior but have negligible wake component. The u' disturbance profiles compare well with those of other experiments, the peak value of u'/u sub tau being about 2.5. The effect of free-stream turbulence level on turbulent skin friction can be nicely correlated with those of other investigations on a plot of u sub e/u sub tau versus Re sub theta. A discussion on the u' spectra for the transitional boundary-layers is presented.


The degree of informational support academic scientists acquired from social network is associated with greater perceived feasibility that may influence their involvement in the research commercialization. Social capital has been commonly assessed by measuring the number of direct contacts from business and industry networks as well as the frequency of establishing new contacts.  These approaches, however, have not adequately explained how social capital is beneficial to their entrepreneurial endeavor. This paper attempts to validate social capital as a formative construct using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to explore the relative importance of personal, professional and business networks to academic entrepreneurs in their technology transfer pursuit. A sample of 115 academic entrepreneurs of a Malaysia public research university was surveyed.  The analyses of formative measurement model to evaluate construct validity, collinearity and significance of indicators revealed that scientists' personal network is the most important social resource that facilitate and encourage them in the technology transfer pursuit, followed with business partners and potential investors. Although scientists have a large professional network through their attendance to conference, workshops and seminars, however, these platforms are often themed to focus more on sharing scientific knowledge rather than on academic entrepreneurship.


It is often said that Levinas offers no positive political principles or ideals, stressing rather that an ethics of singularity can only enter the political sphere in the form of critique. There is much to be said for this position—which tends to make Levinas a liberal by default—both from a political and a phenomenological perspective. I argue, however, that having built up a solid and salutary wariness of positive politics, Levinas occasionally allows himself to proffer radical political proposals.


This work presents the first estimate of the radioactivity and sediment
 deposition rate of the Drenova reservoir. The radioactivity and sedimentation
 rate were computed applying the 210Pb and 137Cs methods. Samples of 210Pb and
 137Cs were taken from four boreholes drilled in the Drenova reservoir in June
 2010. Vertical distribution of the natural and artificial radionuclides in
 four boreholes was examined using a gamma spectrometry measurement with HpGe
 detectors, Gamma X type (10 keV-3 MeV). Activities ranging from 122-8 Bq/kg
 were found for 210Pb, and from 140-0.8 Bq/kg for 137Cs. The sedimentation
 rate in the Drenova reservoir varied from 1.96 to 2.90 cm per year for
 unsupported 210Pb and 0.47 to 5.33 cm per year for 137Cs.


To study the state of health (SOH) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell
 (PEMFC), a novel hybrid method combining the advantages of both the model-based
 and data-driven methods is proposed. Firstly, the model-based method is proposed
 based on the voltage degradation model to estimate the variation trend, and
 three parameters reflecting the performance degradation are selected. Secondly,
 the data-driven (long short-term memory (LSTM)) method is presented to estimate
 the variation fluctuation. Moreover, the core step of the hybrid method is
 returning the results of the LSTM method to the power degradation model as the
 "observation" and modifying related parameters to improve the estimation
 accuracy. Finally, the sliding window method is applied to solve the problem of
 the data increase with the increase of the operating time. The results show that
 the power estimation is better than the current estimation for the SOH
 estimation. The estimation accuracy of the hybrid method dependent on the model
 accuracy, the amount of experimental data, and the data preprocessing is higher
 than that of the model-based method. The power estimation accuracy by the hybrid
 method of the estimation window length 5 h, 10 h, and 20 h are 99.2%, 98.68%,
 and 96.87%, respectively.


Abstract The effect of oxygen in the mastication process of raw rubber has been demonstrated by Cotton (Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind., 6, 487 (1931) and Busse (Ind. Eng. Chem., 24, 140–146 (1932), who obtained a considerable reduction in the rate of plasticization of raw rubber when milled in the absence of oxygen. In a recent paper (Blow and Garner, Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind., 10, 465 (1935)) it was suggested that work on similar lines with rubber-carbon black stocks and rubber-softener mixtures might yield interesting results. The opportunity to carry out some experiments presented itself, and the results form the subject of this note. Experimental.—A small Werner-Pfleiderer enclosed mixer, suitably modified to render it as gas-tight as possible, was employed. The weight of rubber taken for each test was 14 ounces. This was fed into the mixer piece by piece, over a period of two minutes, and milled for a further 5 1/2 minutes; the atmosphere in the mixer was in one series nitrogen, freed from oxygen by passing...


As cyber criminals and their tools become more sophisticated, organisations are becoming increasingly reliant on their first line of defence – their staff – to combat threats. This requires a high level of awareness. But is it reasonable to expect employees to have such an advanced understanding of the dangers?


Abstract– We investigate the relationship between the petrology and visible–near infrared spectra of the unbrecciated eucrites and synthetic pyroxene–plagioclase mixtures to determine how spectra obtained by the Dawn mission could distinguish between several models that have been suggested for the petrogenesis of Vesta's crust (e.g., partial melting and magma ocean). Here, we study the spectra of petrologically characterized unbrecciated eucrites to establish spectral observables, which can be used to yield mineral abundances and compositions consistent with petrologic observations. No information about plagioclase could be extracted from the eucrite spectra. In contrast, pyroxene dominates the spectra of the eucrites and absorption band modeling provides a good estimate of the relative proportions of low‐ and high‐Ca pyroxene present. Cr is a compatible element in eucrite pyroxene and is enriched in samples from primitive melts. An absorption at 0.6 μm resulting from Cr3+ in the pyroxene structure can be used to distinguish these primitive eucrites. The spectral differences present among the eucrites may allow Dawn to distinguish between the two main competing models proposed for the petrogenesis of Vesta (magma ocean and partial melting). These models predict different crustal structures and scales of heterogeneity, which can be observed spectrally. The formation of eucrite Allan Hills (ALH) A81001, which is primitive (Cr‐rich) and relatively unmetamorphosed, is hard to explain in the magma ocean model. It could only have been formed as a quench crust. If the magma ocean model is correct, then ALHA81001‐like material should be abundant on the surface of Vesta and the Vestoids.


Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma (FL‐HCC) has historically been described as a rare and usually fatal pediatric liver cancer that almost exclusively affects adolescents and young adults without a history of underlying liver diseases. Occurring on a healthy background, FL‐HCC's lack of readily recognizable symptoms impedes early diagnosis and timely medical intervention that can prevent tumor's progression to more advanced and metastatic stages. Unfortunately, FL‐HCC is refractory to typically applicable curative regimens in traditional liver cancer such as radiation or chemotherapies, leaving surgical removal the only therapeutic mainstay. However, this approach is still unable to mitigate a 50% reoccurrence rate within 10–33 months.


A recent dinner table discussion turned from a comparison of the virtues of Web Search Engines for various kinds of searches to the commentary, only partially Ironic, that actual geographic searches were best, because one achieved the greatest sense of having travelled somewhere. The complexity posed by the entertainment value of speed and the concomitant perception of travel without actual movement Is a perfect analogue to ideology that convinces us that we are doing one thing while In fact we are doing quite another. We are held


Memory management software requires additional sophistication for the array of new hardware technologies coming to market: on package addressable memory, stacked DRAM, nonvolatile high capacity DIMMs, and low-latency on-package fabric. As a complement to these hardware improvements there are many policy features that can be applied to virtual memory within the framework of the Linux system calls mmap(2), mbind(2), madvise(2), mprotect(2), and mlock(2). These policy features can support a wide range of future hardware capabilities including bandwidth control, latency control, inter-process sharing, inter-node sharing, accelerator sharing, persistence, checkpointing, and encryption. The combinatorial range implied by a platform with heterogeneous memory hardware, and many options for operating system policies applied to that hardware is enormous, so it is intractable to have a separate custom allocator addressing each of them. Each layer of the application software stack may have a variety of different requirements for memory properties. Some of those properties will be shared between clients, and some will be unique to the client. We propose software that will enable fine-grained client control over memory properties through our User Extensible Heap Manager, which efficiently reuses memory modified by expensive system calls and remains effective in a highly threaded environment.


The current work emphasizes the establishment of a relationship between microstructure, and copper and magnesium addition in aluminum based alloys. Aluminum alloys containing 4 and 6% copper and 0.50 and 1% magnesium were cast from commercially pure aluminum ingots and homogenized at 400 o C. Images of the microstructures of the as-cast and homogenized alloys were acquired, and image analysis of the phases was performed on the acquired images to obtain area fractions of the phases present in the microstructure. Using the CALPHAD modeling method, thermodynamic modeling of the alloys was carried out in the equilibrium cooling condition since after homogenization for a prolonged time the alloys should reach a close to equilibrium cooling condition. Phase fractions predicted in modeling were matched closely with image analysis data, given that phases present in the homogenized alloys can be interpreted through modeling in the equilibrium cooling condition. EDX analysis of the samples identified the phases present in the alloys as Al2Cu, Mg2Si and Al7Cu2Mg. With increasing copper content, it was found both in modeling and experimentally that the amount of Al2Cu phase increased, which improved the hardness values of the alloys. However, in the homogenized condition, the hardness values slightly decreased compared to those of the as-cast condition due to retention of a lower fraction of Al2Cu phase in the homogenized condition. This was ascertained in the modeling of the alloys. In contrast, Mg2Si and Al7Cu2Mg phases were formed when magnesium was added in the predefined amount; however, these phases were not found to be effective at improving the hardness of the alloys, and the hardness values were barely modified. Apparently, the hardness enhancement after magnesium addition occurred due to a solute effect. To observe the phase effect of magnesium in aluminum alloys, binary alloys of aluminum-magnesium should be cast.


Lower back pain is one of the most common sources of pain in professional athletes. Regarding flexion pain in athletes, lumbar disk herniation is the most common disorder. The limited evidence on the effectiveness of surgical treatment does not allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of various surgery treatments for facilitating a rapid return to sport. The present paper aimed to search for objective data on the period return to sport of elite male judokas with various surgical treatment modalities of lumbar disk herniation. Participants: elite male judokas (n=8). All athletes had complaints of lower back pain. All judokas were recommended surgery: removal of lumbar disk herniation (L5-S1). Two methods of surgical treatment were used: Group 1 (n=4): total resection of the intervertebral disc and installation of the functional endoprosthesis and Group 2 (n=4): spinal fusion. Athletes' pain level using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Russian Oswestry Disability Index (RODI) was assessed for 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Athletes' personal diary data to estimate the period return to sport was used. Group 1 VAS and RODI indicators were significantly (p<0.01) lower 6 and 9 months after surgery. The daily training time of Group 1 was significantly (p<0.01) longer in 6 and 9 months after surgery. A special judo performance test (60 Ippon-seoi-nage) showed a significant (p<0.01) advantage of Group 1 9 months after surgery. Research shows that Group 1 judokas returned to sport after 6-9 months, and Group 2 judokas after more than 9 months.


Objectives Butyric acid, synthesized via bacterial fermentation in colonic lumen, may play an important role in the nutrition of the colonic mucosa. Since disaccharides, especially lactose, are the principal dietary carbohydrates during infancy, it is important to determine if their fermentation is associated with butyric acid synthesis. The objective of this paper is to describe a newly developed stable isotope method for quantifying butyric acid synthesis in the colonic lumen and to demonstrate its application during cecal infusions of lactose and lactulose in piglets. Methods Nine piglets aged 21 to 30 days were studied during acute anesthesia. The 13C enrichment of butyric acid was monitored in the portal vein before and during a 120 minutes cecal infusion of [1–13C]-butyric acid and either unlabeled lactose (N = 4) or lactulose (N = 5). Results The luminal synthesis of BA (&mgr;mol x kg−1 x min−1) (Mean ± S.D.) was respectively 1.5 ± 0.9 and 1.2 ± 0.6 during lactulose and lactose infusion. Conclusions This study provides new quantitative data on in vivo butyric acid production in the mammalian colon.


The present invention is a compound useful in the method of manufacturing the intermediates, intermediates used in the above method, and obtained as a pharmaceutical drug intermediates and the use of the intermediate. In particular, the present invention is pure enantiomerically trans- relates to their use in the production method and the pharmaceutical manufacturing of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid derivative, the carboxylic acid derivative.


Women diagnosed with pre-cancerous cervical conditions after receiving the human papilloma virus vaccine can still benefit from a considerably reduced risk of further virus-related disease, suggests a global study.


The article presents the most important standards developed in recent years and applied in building energy management systems. A brief characteristics of them and evaluation of solutions in terms of their impact on the development of energy management systems are carried out. The standard ISO / IEC 15045 Home Gate Residential Gateway, the standard ISO / IEC 15067-3 Model of an Energy Management System for HES, the standard ANSI/CEA-2045 Modular Communications Interface for Energy Management is presented. (Standards in the development of Building Energy Management Systems).


With the aim of solving warp tension control problems in the let-off system and opening system in the carbon fiber multilayer diagonal loom, dynamic models of warp tension are established in this study based on dynamic analysis. Adaptive fuzzy PID control is applied to the tension-networked control, and an adaptive fuzzy PID controller is designed to solve the problems of network induced delay, packet loss, and network bandwidth occupancy. A TrueTime simulation structure of the tension control system is also built. Compared with PID control, adaptive fuzzy PID control exhibited the advantages of a small overshoot, small fluctuation of output tension, good tracking effect, and stability in simulations under different conditions, including a 30-ms network induced delay, 10% packet loss, and 30% network bandwidth occupancy. The results of the simulations show that adaptive fuzzy PID control has better control effect than PID control, and is more suitable for tension-networked control systems in the carbon fiber multilayer diagonal loom.


PURPOSE: Provided is a selectable iodonium salt compound and its use as a photo initiator having optimum balance between favorable sensitivity, high solubility and rigidity, excellent storage stability and low tendency for crystallization. CONSTITUTION: A composition having radio-sensitivity comprises a cation or acid-catalysis polymerization possible and/or cross-linkable compound(a1) or another compound(a2) with increased solubility in a developing solution under an acid reaction; and diaryliodonium salt(b) defined by a chemical formula(1) (wherein X is branched C3-C20 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl group (provided that X and X1 has totally 4 carbon atoms or more); Y is linear C1-C10 alkyl, branched C3-C10 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl group; A is (BF4)-, (SbF6)-, (PF6)-, C1-C20 alkylsulfonate, C2-C20 haloalkylsulfonate, non-substituted C6-C20 arylsulfonate, camphor sulfonate, C1-C20 perfluoro alkylsulfonylimide, and halogen as a substitute, NO2, C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 haloalkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy or C6-C10 alkyl substituted by COOR1; R1 is C1-C20 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, or phenyl single-substituted or multi-substituted by C1-C12 alkyl, C1-C12 alkoxy or halogen compound (provided that two of the phenyl rings bound to the iodine atom are not substituted at the same time).


Limited data exist on Tx prescribing preferences in the management of SCD. To assess current Tx practices, we conducted a survey of Florida hematologists/oncologists from fall of 2005 through spring 2006. The 31-item survey addressed practice and SCD patient population characteristics, practice guidelines, Tx settings, indications/techniques, RBC phenotype specifications/modifications, iron overload, and educational resource utilization. A total of 150 physicians (75% adult-oriented, 25% pediatrics) completed the survey. Practices were primarily private (76%), with 24% in academic settings. Pediatric practices had more SCD patients (97% with 21 or more) than adult practices (83% had 10 or fewer). The majority of pediatric practices had specific Tx guidelines (61%), in contrast to adult practices (8%),(P Management of SCD monograph (53%), only 27% of adult practice respondents used it (P


We present molecular dynamics studies on the collapse of homopolymer model chains when two terminals are fixed over a selected distance. At low temperature, short chains show only β-hairpinlike conformations in their equilibrium; while the chain is long enough, helixlike conformations occur. A critical chain length serves as a boundary to distinguish the systems with different equilibrium behaviors and to separate three regimes of scaling behaviors between the mean square radius of gyration and the chain length. For short chains with a small end separation, namely, the end-to-end distance is below a specific value, the radius of gyration and asphericity index of the chain are independent of the end-to-end distance. When the end-to-end distance is larger than a specific distance, the radius of gyration and asphericity index grow linearly. For long chains, both the radius of gyration and asphericity index show multistage processes for different end-to-end separations. The Lindemann index and the asphericity...


PurposeThis study aims to examine how women's groups help women to navigate context-related barriers to their engagement in rural entrepreneurship. The paper combines the contextualisation of entrepreneurship framework and the feminist separatist theory to describe how women's groups in patriarchal rural communities enable women to circumvent context-related barriers and actively engage in rural entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachBased on a case study of 12 women's groups engaged in paddy farming, rice processing and marketing in rural Tanzania, this study draws on semi-structured interviews with 46 women, four focus group discussions, four in-depth key informant interviews and non-participant observation.FindingsRural women face unique context-related challenges that hinder them from effectively participating in rural entrepreneurship. Specifically, limited access to farmlands and profitable markets, lack of business networks, limited time, poverty and insufficient financial resources constrain women's engagement in entrepreneurship. To overcome these contextual barriers, rural women have organised themselves into groups to gain access to business services, business-related training, grants and business networks.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the existing literature on contextualising entrepreneurship by focussing on how rural contexts may constrain women's entrepreneurial engagement while showing how women respond to contextual barriers that enable them to participate in rural entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThis study shows that women with low education can pursue rural entrepreneurship if they are supported through training and access to networks. This will support the performance of these groups of women.Originality/valueThis study offers new insights into the role of women's groups in navigating gender-related constraints that hinder women from participating in rural entrepreneurship within the patriarchal context of low-income countries. Thus, new perceptions for the gender and rural entrepreneurship theory and the policy implications thereof are proffered.


EVER since ancient times Shanghai people have pursued beauty. The Shanghai History Museum, mounted an exhibition entitled "Spectacular Garments, Cultural Relics and Documents of Modern Shanghai" which certainly proved this point. This exhibit showed that throughout Shanghai's long history, dress and personal adomment have been important to the residents. During the twentieth


Medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) technology exhibits advantages over ac transmission due to its enhanced capacity, controllability, and flexibility. A practical example is the ANGLE-DC project from Scottish Power Energy Networks, which converts existing 33 kV ac circuits into dc operation to improve the system transmission capacity in North Wales, U.K. Specially designed cascaded power converters are employed to build up the ±27 kV dc link voltage. Within the converter stations, converter-side single-phase ac faults may threaten the safe operation of the converters. This paper presents an analysis of such faults for an MVDC link based on ANGLE-DC. It is shown that the capacitors of the converters will be overcharged without suitable protection in place. A protection strategy using a bypass thyristor-based branch is presented to relieve overvoltage issues following converter-side faults, and it is verified through simulations conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC. For completeness, case studies considering post-fault operation are also included.


In order to decrease the amount of nitrete harmful to human bodies in food,the experiment on different lactic acid bacteria degrading nitrite in lard substrate are done. The results shown that:the degradation amount of nitrite is negaitively correlative with the pH value of the culture liquid,the more rapid the decline rate of pH value,the more rapid the degradation rate of nitrite;the production ability of lactobacillus prevails over that of the coccus,and makes the pH value of the environment declined rapidly,then results in the degrading ability of lactobacillus to nitrite is large than that of coccus;the more large the acidity of fermentateve liquid,the more small the pH value,the more obvious the degradation of nitrite.


Automating the data transfer operation can significantly reduce the cost of moving data from a spacecraft to a location on Earth. Automated data transfer methods have been developed for the terrestrial Internet. However, they often do not apply to the space environment, since in general they are based on assumptions about connectivity that are true on the Internet but not on space links. Automated file transfer protocols have been developed for use over space links that transfer data via store-and-forward of files or segments of files. This paper investigates some of the operational concepts made possible by these protocols.


Franciscan apocalypse commentaries (as Burr had done in the uncited Olivi's Peaceable Kingdom [Philadelphia, 1993]) to fortify this point. Roberto Lambertini, with typical insightfulness, investigates the wide semantic range of the term Fraticelli in the aftermath of John XXII's Sancta Romana that condemned Angelo Clareno's group with this label. Jürgen Miethke's "Pope John XXII and the Poverty Controversy" is a bibliographically updated version of the narrative in his Ockhams Weg zur Sozialphilosophie (Berlin, 1969). Miethke is old-school in seeing two discrete Franciscan controversies: a practical one over the observance of poverty with Spirituals like Angelo and a theoretical one with Michaelists like Ockham over Christ's poverty. Miethke's piece is on the whole stimulating,but its second part is stronger than the first, where no mention is made of the bull Quorundam Exigit (whose enforcement links the two controversies). For the theological debate, Miethke vehemently reasserts the primacy and reliability of Michaelist sources against recent revisionists who can only be grateful for his hard questions. The volume is brought to conclusion by Potestà—the world expert on Clareno— who gives an elegant and intellectually generous summing up of the papers. This Assisi conference must have been a memorable occasion; the commemorative volume is certainly a "must-have."


Photosynthesis‐irradiance (P‐I) characteristics of periphyton (microphytobenthos) have been considered primarily for entire assemblages. How P‐I responses vary with mat thickness and with community composition has not been considered in detail. We used a combined approach of modeling, microscale determinations of photosynthetic rate and light attenuation, and whole‐assemblage O2 flux measurements to explore P‐I relationships. The modeling approach suggested that the onset of photosynthetic saturation and photoinhibition will occur at higher irradiance and that whole‐mat photoinhibition (decreased photosynthesis at very high irradiance), biomass‐specific maximum photosynthetic rate, and initial slope of the P‐I function (α) should decrease as assemblage thickness increases or light attenuation increases. Spherical light microsensor profiles for a variety of stream algae indicated a strongly compressed photic zone with attenuation coefficients of 70–1791 m−1 for scalar photosynthetic photon fluence density. The O2 microelectrode measurements showed little if any photoinhibition at 2 and 4 mm depths in one filamentous green algal (Ulothrix) assemblage, with a relatively low attenuation coefficient, and no photoinhibition in a second Ulothrix community. An assemblage dominated by a unicellular cyanobacterium exhibited little photoinhibition at 2 and 4 mm, and a dense cyanobacterial (Phormidium)/xanthophyte (Vaucheria) community exhibited no photoinhibition at all. The microelectrode data revealed increases in α over several millimeters of depth (photoacclimation). These data supported the model predictions with regard to the effects of mat optical thickness on whole‐assemblage values for α and photoinhibition. Whole‐community O2 flux data from 15 intact assemblages revealed positive relationships between chlorophyll a density and maximum photosynthetic rate or α expressed per unit area; the relationships with chlorophyll a were negative when photosynthetic rates were expressed per unit chlorophyll a. None of the whole assemblages exhibited photoinhibition. Thus, the data from the whole communities were consistent with model predictions.


Because the professors of the National Southwest Associated University were under the strong influence of the general education concept of America,they severely criticized the universities of the Republic of China for their emphasizing professional education. Their understanding of general education concept found expression mainly in the following: the training of personality as the core,the integration of natural science with liberal arts,the combination of Chinese culture and Western culture. Their understand and application of this concept of general education helped realize the successful general education in the National Southwest Associated University.


High-dimensional optical modes usually require a large number of measurements to be characterized— typically of the order O ( d 2 ) where d is the dimension of the underlying Hilbert space. Recently developed compressive tomography techniques can reconstruct low-rank signals with minimum measurements and no a priori assumptions [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . We discuss results of randomized compressive tomography (RCT) implemented with a quantum pulse gate (QPG), a device that performs flexible optical measurements in the time-frequency domain [5] , [6] . In our experiments, we perform different random von Neumann basis measurements with a QPG that exploits dispersion-engineered sum-frequency generation in lithium niobate waveguides to implement projections onto arbitrary user-specified temporal mode superpositions. Based solely on the measurement data and nothing else, one can deterministically compute a positive number s cvx that monotonically estimates the size of the convex set of signal states consistent with the measurement data. For a sufficient number of informationally complete (IC) QPG projections, the convex set converges to a single point ( s cvx = 0), where the signal is uniquely reconstructed.


The present invention discloses a system average flow and with an adjustable power of the adjustable power source, wherein the adjustable means comprises a given power, feedback means, power means and means for adjusting the initial voltage by a given device for a given setting, feedback means output corresponding to the load current feedback voltage, and regulating means according to a given voltage and the initial voltage generating feedback voltage regulation, the voltage output of the power regulating means in accordance with the respective load current. In the conventional art power conditioning, inputted to the first feedback voltage given apparatus, and then through a given initial adjustment means to regulate the power supply voltage for a given current output, but the present invention is the adjustable power supply output current regulation feedback loop is formed, direct feedback voltage input to the regulating means, solves the technical problem existing power and adjustable through flows of large current technology accuracy obtained, and reliability is not stable, but slow dynamic response.


Degree Programme in Modern Languages and Business Studies for Management Assistants Authors Maarit Tanninen Group or year of entry 2006 The Title of Thesis The Changing Electronic Marketing – Online Video Letter becomes Part in More On Oy's Marketing Number of pages and appendices 63+2 Supervisors Mia-Maria Salmi More On Oy operates on the business-to-business sector and its focus is on business gifts. More On Oy added online video letter to its marketing mix in March 2008. The online video letter presents the company's basic data, products and atmosphere. The online video was sent to all customers by email. The object of the thesis is to help More On Oy with its online video marketing and give advice how to develop online video marketing in the future. This study finds the strengths and weaknesses in More On Oy's online video letter and the usage and popularity of online videos in companies. In addition to online videos and online video advertising, the thesis focuses on business-to-business marketing and the radical changes in marketing. These changes include Web 2.0 and the growing popularity of digital media. The empirical part was made in a questionnaire form that was sent to some of More On Oy's customers by email in March 2008. The results show that the online video functions well among the chosen research group and its execution is successful. The majority of the respondents found the online video's technical functionality and contents either good or excellent. The online video letter succeeded very well in creating a positive company image, presenting the products and their quality and separating More On Oy from the other companies in this line of business. However, the respondents said that the length of the online video letter and the performance of the people on the video had some shortcomings. In the future, More On Oy should focus on these shortcomings and how to improve them. According to the study the respondents think that the popularity of online videos will grow and that online videos could be part of their company marketing in the future. The respondents saw innovation and the possibility to wide distribution as the biggest advantages of online videos. It was also seen as an advantage that the online video distinguishes the company from others. The study, however, shows that companies do not necessarily yet have enough information on online videos and companies need especially information on the expenses of online videos.


New Media in Our Lives: Pros & Cons
We have more knowledge of people's lives available to us on a daily basis...but what information are we leaving behind to tell our story?


A program is in progress to determine the extent to which Zr-2.5Nb and Zr--2.5Nb-0.5Cu exhibit delayed failure under various conditions of hydrogen content, heat treatment, ambient temperature, and specimen geometry. Specimens are hydrogenated to 200 or 500 ppm in a modified Sieverts apparatus, heat treated or cold reduced (150 deg C), and then evaluated in dynamic tensile and delayed failure tests. Data presented on the ternary alloy show that the beta-quenched and aged condition promotes a high sensitivity to static fatigue fracture. At room temperature, unnotched specimens containing 500 ppm hydrogen showed ordinary dynamic tensile stress-strain properties with very good values of strength and elongation. However, at an applied stress of 95% of the yield stress, static fracture-in the absence of macroscopic plastic deformation---occurred after several hundred hours. Photomicrographs are presented showing the brittle crack propagation through the microstructure; mechanisms for such behavior are still speculative, however. (auth)


INTRODUCTION: The anatomy viva is an oral examination format allowing in-depth assessment of knowledge. There are many valuable aspects to this assessment: it is quick, effective, and tests the higher cognitive thinking of students. Assessment drives learning so this type of assessment is also valuable for promoting the integration of anatomical knowledge with clinical applications. However, implementing a successful viva assessment to large student groups is challenging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report describes studies into the design and development of an anatomy viva framework for Year 3 MBBS students studying anatomy by dissection. The aim of the framework was to allow the viva assessment to remain a reliable, appropriate, and valid exam despite rapid growth in student numbers between 2016 (n = 19) and 2017 (n = 40). Student feedback on the subject and assessment experience was also reviewed and compared to the smaller 2016 cohort.

RESULTS: Use of the new framework demonstrated a significant increase in reliability (marking consistency) when compared to 2016 data, and review of the examination data sheets indicated that the newly structured framework to the viva did not diminish the appropriateness of the viva (i.e., higher levels of cognitive thinking were still able to be assessed). Student feedback demonstrated no change to satisfaction in the subject or the assessment methods.

CONCLUSION: The implementation of the new framework allowed a valuable assessment method to be updated, improved and applied to a significantly larger student cohort, thus providing an opportunity for students to develop skills in applying, integrating, and evaluating anatomical knowledge.


The utility model relates to the field of aerial vehicles, and provides an annular blown flap ducted aerial vehicle, wherein an upper-part ducted shell and a lower-part umbrella housing are connected together by reinforced ribs to form the main structure of the aerial vehicle, an upper-part propeller and a lower-part propeller are arranged inside the lower-part umbrella housing respectively by an annular member, and a control plane is arranged at the lower part of the lower-part umbrella housing by a hinge; and an undercarriage is arranged on the annular member at the bottom of the lower-part umbrella housing through a hoop. According to the annular blown flap ducted aerial vehicle, the upper-part ducted shell generates a part of lifting force so as to accelerate and rectify air flow at the same time, a part of air flow in an upper-part duct can flow downward through an inner duct, the other part of air flow is cut by the upper end of the umbrella housing, and fast flows down along the umbrella housing due to adsorption effect of a border layer, and the special curvature of the umbrella housing enables the air flow to generate additional lifting force, thereby further improving the lifting force efficiency.


The article comments the cultural heritage of Polish officers, emi-grants after the November Uprising in Cape Verde and in Guinea-Bissau. The author characterizes the image of islands in books written by Polish emigrants in XIX century, including cross-cultural and axiological problems. He also mentions mazurka as a style of music and dance in his African avatar.


How to evaluate executive competency is a hot topic which all concern really.The topic is fuzzy uncertainty.The paper constructs the measure system of executive competency and fuzzy measure model based on data which were got from investigation on executives of Guangdong province.It illustrates the validity,reliability and practicality of the measure system of executive competency and fuzzy measure model.The paper puts forward corresponding proposals to enhance executives competence based on the result of quantitative measure.This article has great value of theory and application because its research can provide a new way of thinking to evaluate and enhance executive competency of Guangdong province.


The objective was to elucidate hemodynamic adaptation in very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants after intrauterine growth retardation. 31 growth-retarded (SGA, birth weight <-2 SD) and 32 appropriate for gestational age (AGA, birth weight within ± 1 SD range) infants were enrolled. In SGA infants, the diastolic diameters of the interventricular septum and the left ventricle were increased, and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was elevated. Left ventricular output (LVO) of the AGA infants increased from 150 ± 28 to 283 ± 82 mL/kg/min during the study (p < 0.01). The SGA infants had a higher initial LVO than the AGA infants (243 ± 47 versus 150 ± 28 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), but did not show further LVO increase during the study period. Red cell (RCV) and blood (BV) volume were assessed by Hb subtype analysis, when packed donor red cells were transfused. RCV and BV did not differ between the groups initially, but RCV increased by 18% and BV by 29% in the AGA group during the first 3 d. On day 3, AGA infants had larger BV than the SGA infants (88 ± 5 versus 73 ± 12 mL/kg, p < 0.05). In conclusion, cardiac hypertrophy, elevated initial LVO and BNP of the SGA infants suggest increased cardiac workload after intrauterine growth retardation. Based on the BV and RCV data, blood volume regulation may also be impaired. The data suggest that SGA preterm infants may be exposed to an increased risk of circulatory failure during early adaptation.


The world financial system is now undergoing a global economic crisis of staggering proportions. This evolving global and financial crisis and credit crunch afflicted developed and developing economies. In the vast majority of countries, credit concession has been deeply affected, and new and innovative ways to grant credit needed to be developed in order to reduce risk. The use of accurate information in the credit concession analysis process, where credit scores play a crucial role, became imperative. In this context, the present study brings new insights to this discussion because it aims at verifying potential transmission of credit risks among companies in the context of the Brazilian shoe supply chain. For that, the author brought supply chain concepts largely discussed in the operations arena to the credit risk analysis. The results show that when the retail link experiences a variation in the credit risk level (hereby


Traditional predictive models for transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) consider only single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) local to genes of interest and perform parameter shrinkage with a regularization process. These approaches ignore the effect of distal-SNPs or other molecular effects underlying the SNP-gene association. Here, we outline multi-omics strategies for transcriptome imputation from germline genetics to allow more powerful testing of gene-trait associations by prioritizing distal-SNPs to the gene of interest. In one extension, we identify mediating biomarkers (CpG sites, microRNAs, and transcription factors) highly associated with gene expression and train predictive models for these mediators using their local SNPs. Imputed values for mediators are then incorporated into the final predictive model of gene expression, along with local SNPs. In the second extension, we assess distal-eQTLs (SNPs associated with genes not in a local window around it) for their mediation effect through mediating biomarkers local to these distal-eSNPs. Distal-eSNPs with large indirect mediation effects are then included in the transcriptomic prediction model with the local SNPs around the gene of interest. Using simulations and real data from ROS/MAP brain tissue and TCGA breast tumors, we show considerable gains of percent variance explained (1-2% additive increase) of gene expression and TWAS power to detect gene-trait associations. This integrative approach to transcriptome-wide imputation and association studies aids in identifying the complex interactions underlying genetic regulation within a tissue and important risk genes for various traits and disorders. AUTHOR SUMMARY Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) are a powerful strategy to study gene-trait associations by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with gene expression datasets. TWAS increases study power and interpretability by mapping genetic variants to genes. However, traditional TWAS consider only variants that are close to a gene and thus ignores important variants far away from the gene that may be involved in complex regulatory mechanisms. Here, we present MOSTWAS (Multi-Omic Strategies for TWAS), a suite of tools that extends the TWAS framework to include these distal variants. MOSTWAS leverages multi-omic data of regulatory biomarkers (transcription factors, microRNAs, epigenetics) and borrows from techniques in mediation analysis to prioritize distal variants that are around these regulatory biomarkers. Using simulations and real public data from brain tissue and breast tumors, we show that MOSTWAS improves upon traditional TWAS in both predictive performance and power to detect gene-trait associations. MOSTWAS also aids in identifying possible mechanisms for gene regulation using a novel added-last test that assesses the added information gained from the distal variants beyond the local association. In conclusion, our method aids in detecting important risk genes for traits and disorders and the possible complex interactions underlying genetic regulation within a tissue.


Chlorophyll-a(chl-a) has been used as an important indicator of water quality. Great efforts have been invested to develop remote-sensing-based chl-a retrieval models. However, due to the spatial difference in chl-a concentration, a single model usually cannot accurately predict the whole range of chl-a concentration. To test the performance of precedent chl-a models, we carried out an experiment along the upper and middle reaches of the Kaidu River and around some small ponds in the Bayanbulak Wetland. We measured water surface reflectance in the field and analyzed the chl-a concentration in the laboratory. Initially, we performed a sensitivity analysis of the spectrum band to chl-a concentration with the aim of identifying the most suitable bands for various chl-a models. We found that the water samples could be divided into two groups with a threshold of 4.50 mg/m3. Then, we tested the performance of 11 precedent chl-a retrieval models and 7 spectral index-based regression models from this study for all the sample datasets and the two separate datasets with relatively high and low chl-a concentrations. Through a complete comparison of the performance of these models, we selected the D3B model for water bodies with high chl-a concentration and OC2 model (ocean color 2) for low chl-a concentration waters, resulting in the hierarchical and piecewise retrieval algorithm OC2-D3B. The chl-a concentration of 4.50 mg/m3 corresponded to the D3B value of −0.051; therefore, we used −0.051 as the threshold value of the OC2-D3B model. The result of the OC2-D3B model showed a better performance than the other algorithms. Finally, we mapped the spatial distribution and seasonal pattern of chl-a concentration in Bayanbulak Wetland using Sentinel-2 images from 2016 to 2019. The results indicated that the chl-a concentration in the riparian ponds was generally in the range of 8–10 mg/m3, which was higher than that in rivers with a range of 2–4 mg/m3. The highest chl-a concentration usually appears in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in winter. The correlation between meteorological data and chl-a concentration showed that temperature is the dominant factor for chl-a concentration changes. Our analytical framework could provide a better way to accurately map the spatial distribution of chl-a concentration in complex river systems.


We present a short overview of the structure and couplings of supergravity theories at the component level. We do so with as little technical machinery as possible, working directly with the physical on-shell fields and using explicit computations and geometrical reasoning to arrive at the result, highlighting the new properties of supersymmetry in the context of a gravitational theory.


We demonstrate the usefulness and high sensitivity of the atomic force microscope (AFM) for imaging surface dielectric properties and for potentiometry through the detection of electrostatic forces. The attractive force with an applied voltage between tip and sample is generally much larger than the van der Waals force. On the other hand, electric forces as small as 10-10 N have been measured, corresponding to a capacitance of 10-19 farad. The sensitivity of our AFM should ultimately allow us to detect capacitances as low as 8 x 10-22 farad. We have used this technique to detect the presence of dielectric material over Si, and have made measure-ments of the voltage over a p-n junction with sub-micron spatial resolution.


The creation of next generation, ultra-large space telescopes (>20m diameter) will require novel technologies. Many current concepts involve curved membrane reflectors but the problem is creating a diffraction-limited, three-dimensional surface. Here we present the idea of using a flat diffractive element which requires no out-of-plane deformation and is thus much simpler to deploy. The primary is a photon sieve--a diffractive element consisting of a large number of precisely positioned holes distributed over a flat surface. Photon sieves can be simply designed to any conic, apodization and operating bandwidth. The photon sieve is easier to fabricate than the better known Fresnel zone plate as a single substrate can be used since there are no connected regions requiring support. Presented here are results of prototypes capable of diffraction-limited imaging over wide fields and useful bandwidths.


Objective To study the biomechanics of simple locking proximal femoral plate (LPFP),LPFP combined with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.Methods Thirty-six femurs from 18 specimens with no pathological defects,fractures,malformations or neoplasms were enrolled in the study and were divided into three groups (Groups A,B and C),with 12 femurs per group.Intertrochanteric fractures were duplicated in accordance with Evans classification of type Ⅲ A.The fractures in Group A were treated by LPFP combined with CPC fixation,that in Group B treated with only LPFP fixation,while that in Group C fixed with PFNA.A comparative mechanical test of femoral specimens was performed in a special clamp.Results Axial compression test showed linear change of the load-displacement of three surgical fixations for intertrochanteric fractures under biological load.The measurement of torque-torsion angle of three fixations for intertrochateric fractures showed that the torque was enlarged with increase of torsion angle till the failure of internal fixation.Conclusion LPFP combined with CPC or PFNA can attain solid fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Key words:
Femoral fractures ;  Internal fixators ;  Surgical procedures, operative ;  Biomechanics


Can physics forcep replace conventional forcep in nonsurgical mandibular dental extraction?? To authenticate this query we compared outcome variables (laceration, cortical plate fracture, post-operative pain and complication) in patients being treated for their multirooted tooth extraction with the physics forcep and the conventional forcep. We organised a double blind, randomized controlled trial in which p value came to be statistically significant in support of physics forcep. (p value Laceration of gingival tissue 0.032, cortical plate fracture 0.001, post-operative pain 0.035 and average time taken for extraction was 2.33 with a standard deviation of ±1.588) Aim and Objective: To evaluate efficacy of physics forcep in non-surgical mandibular multirooted tooth extractions.


SUMMARY

Treatment of Phaseolus vulgaris chloroplast fragments with 8 or 4 mM digitonin as well as 8 or 4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate results in a proportionally higher solubilization of the chlorophyll a685 complex and a lower one of chlorophyll b as compared to the extractability of the remaining chlorophyll a forms. The results are discussed with respect to previous data suggesting the occurrence of a chlorophyll b-chlorophyll a685-protein complex. It may be that both pigment forms are bound to different polypeptides of this complex.


The article put forward a psychotherapy model based on self-analysis,which request to analyze the self that is integrated from needs,abilities,feelings and reciprocal role.In addition,it brought up a qualitative research framework for the psychotherapy model to promote its theory and practice by the method of cognitive task analysis that can penetrate deeply the cognitive process during the sessions of psychotherapy.


In this beautifully crafted book, Timur Kuran provides a remarkably rich analysis of how Islamic law impeded economic progress in the Middle East and North Africa. Kuran's views are fresh and powerful, and they are subtle. He does not claim that Islamic law was generally bad for economic activity. He does not claim that prohibitions on interest denied credit to merchants or entrepreneurs. Nor does he claim that predation by absolutist states blocked capitalist accumulation or inhibited commerce. Instead, Kuran shows how Islamic law originally provided Middle Eastern states up until the Ottoman Empire with one of the most effective legal regimes to encourage commerce and industry that existed anywhere in the world. Yet built into those laws was a set of self-reinforcing characteristics that led away from the more complex, impersonal, and flexible organizational forms that came to characterize European commerce. Over the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century (hence the "long" divergence), these characteristics inhibited change in Middle Eastern commercial operations, while European merchants evolved novel legal and organizational forms that taken together gave Europeans systemic advantages in commerce. By the nineteenth century the Middle East lagged so far behind that the region's only way forward was to accept these legal and organizational forms, and seek ways to insert them into Islamic society. In what follows I will outline and critically engage Kuran's key arguments. While I believe that The Long Divergence is an exemplary work of historical social science from an institutionalist perspective, I also think that Kuran places too much emphasis on the historical role of Islamic law, and too little emphasis on the role of the state. Further, I suggest that there is a bit too much "path dependence" in his account. As a consequence, he is more pessimistic than I think necessary about the possibilities for change in the wake of the Arab Spring. Key Features of Islamic Law for Commerce Kuran's method in his book is admirable. He does not seek out institutions that might be harmful to commerce. He starts from the indisputable fact that from the tenth through the sixteenth century, Muslim merchants dominated trade networks from Africa through the Middle East to India and southeast Asia, in both caravan trade and shipping. Thus he begins with the assumption that Islamic legal institutions, as they developed during this period, were quite favorable to commerce. It was only after the sixteenth century that Europeans began to rival, and eventually surpass, Muslim merchants; and from the midnineteenth century onward even Christian and Jewish minorities in Muslim lands pulled away from their Islamic countrymen in their success in trade. To explain these trends, Kuran examines the key features of Islamic law that were highly supportive of commerce for centuries and asks what made these laws problematic compared to European rivals from the sixteenth century onward. Why was it difficult or impossible for Islamic laws to adapt or change as needed to enable Muslims to meet this competition? Throughout, Kuran is always questioning, testing his own conclusions, and sifting the evidence; he never assumes anything inimical or negative about Islamic law. Every negative effect has to be proven, and shown to be not a foolish or deliberately harmful choice, but an unforeseen outcome of rational decisions made by Islamic merchants and states seeking to advance their interests. Kuran focuses on several features of Islamic law that were present from the early decades of Islam's development, and other features that developed mostly or entirely after the initial half-century of Islam's rise. These features are analytically separated, but Kuran shows how they were in fact closely interrelated and formed a self-reinforcing pattern that made it nearly impossible to change just one or two if desired. The first feature is Islam's inheritance system. The Prophet was concerned to raise the status of women and protect the claims of junior heirs, considering it immoral Jack A. Goldstone is Virginia E. and John T. Hazel, Jr. Professor and Director, Center for Global Policy, School of Public Policy, George Mason University (email@example.com). | |


The diamond core drilling operation is very essential in the preliminary stage of mineral extraction in the mining industry. The energy required to remove a unit volume of the rock mass (specific energy) is discussed in the present investigation. Estimation of the specific energy is the essential key parameter for tunneling, excavation, and other allied industries. It helps in reducing the time-consuming and cost of the project. For that, the laboratory experimental work was carried out on a laterite rock using CNC drilling machine BMV45T20. Using a multiple regression analysis reasonable mathematical equation was established among specific energy and dominant frequencies through diamond rock core drilling operations. The established prediction model could be utilized at the preliminary stage of the excavation projects for estimation of the specific energy in tunneling, excavation and petroleum industries.The diamond core drilling operation is very essential in the preliminary stage of mineral extraction in the mining industry. The energy required to remove a unit volume of the rock mass (specific energy) is discussed in the present investigation. Estimation of the specific energy is the essential key parameter for tunneling, excavation, and other allied industries. It helps in reducing the time-consuming and cost of the project. For that, the laboratory experimental work was carried out on a laterite rock using CNC drilling machine BMV45T20. Using a multiple regression analysis reasonable mathematical equation was established among specific energy and dominant frequencies through diamond rock core drilling operations. The established prediction model could be utilized at the preliminary stage of the excavation projects for estimation of the specific energy in tunneling, excavation and petroleum industries.


This paper introduced the current research state of the urban land grading in China, and analyzed the six main factors that affecting the urban land grades. On the basis of the studying the natural, economic and social conditions of Shanxi Province, the urban land grading system of Shanxi Province was established. In addition, the paper discussed the reasonability of some of the indexes. [


This paper analyzes the principle of general CT reconstruction. By comparing and combining the FBP and ART reconstruction algorithms, an improved algorithm of direct solution for CT reconstruction is studied. It is on the base of back projection method and the result satisfies the ART algebraic equations. The method should be used to obtain accurate CT reconstruction results without any iteration. It is a direct solution method.


A new species of Delphinium (Ranunculaceace) is described and illustrated from Lahul valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. Its affinities with the allied species D. viscosum and D. cashmerianum are discussed. It differs from closely allied species in having bracteoles with hooked apex, shape of spur that resembles parrot's beak, staminode with dense hoard of hairs at ventral apex, hairs in single line on the inner surface of ovary and cleft stigma.


A rapidly changing global world requires that we help children to live well in the wide house of the world. It requires that we provide problem-centered science programs that afford practice in using aspects of the scientific method. Thus would an open road be provided for children to grow beyond us, the adults, in finding better solutions to emerging problems than are now available.


This paper presents an energy absorber consists of an inward folding of composite tube. There is no composite debris overflow after the composites collapsing and the debris will fill in the inner of tube to increase the energy absorption. The absorber maintains integrate during crushing and then could be used in a crashworthy structure. Impact tests were conducted to explore the energy absorption performance. To investigate the application of the absorber to the shock-resistance of the seat in the helicopter, a five-degree-of-freedom nonlinear biodynamic model corresponding to 50th-percentile male occupant was setup. Simulations on the responses of the biodynamic with and without absorber were conducted, and the results present effect of the absorber on shock-resistance.


The present invention relates to a multi harmonic optimized intelligent controller and a control method of the controller: power collection pumping unit receives supply voltage distribution system, the current sense signal output unit to the power measurement, power measurement unit again after the system: method; metered input data diagnosis unit; diagnostic unit and harmonic optimization unit to communicate via the communication unit; diagnostic unit through the switch signal input unit, through the output unit outputs a control signal to the actuator external protection start the multi task thread; each thread processing functions, including power collection task threads, display task thread, the thread harmonic diagnostic, digital input and output management thread, the thread management communication, and the shunt protection processing threads measurement protection control management thread . The present invention is widely used in the relevant industry, improve the reliability of protection of the power supply and distribution, elimination of harmonic interference, improve the power factor, measurement accuracy, reduce equipment damage.


Autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal elements called plasmids can cause cellular heterogeneity. This thesis deals with the long-time distribution of plasmids in a bacterial population. Vertical gene transfer in a bacterial population structured by the number of plasmids is modeled. The resulting model equations are hyperbolic transport equations with an integral term. We analyze the associated eigenproblems. Finally, horizontal gene transfer of plasmids is included into the model.


169 Background: The HRRm detection is used to prescribe PARP inhibitors in mCRPC patients. The frequency of HRR alterations has been investigated in several clinical studies, but the prevalence of HRRm in real clinical practice remains unclear. We conducted the first study to evaluate prevalence of HRRm in mCRPC patients in Russia. This interim analysis is aimed to provide HRRm rate in real practice in Russian population. Methods: Patients with mCRPC and available tumor tissue samples (FFPEs) were enrolled from October 2020 till May 2021. Samples were analyzed in 3 labs. Target enrichment using multiplex PCR and library preparation of genes involved in HRR (BRCA2, BRCA1, RAD54L, FANCL, BARD1, ATM, CHEK1, RAD51B, PALB2, RAD51D, CDK12, RAD51C, BRIP1, CHEK2) was performed using three different techniques: GeneReader NGS System (QIAGEN), KAPA HyperPlus and SeqCap EZ Choice (Roche) and in-house targeted NGS-panel. For last 2 sequencing was performed using MiSeq (Illumina). Results: In this interim analysis we included 331 mCRPC patients from 20 sites with median age 67 years, 86,7% caucasian. Family or personal history of oncological diseases had 66 (20%) of pts 300 FFPEs were analyzed by NGS, 31 (9%) were not valid (poor quality/not enough DNA). HRRm rate is 19,7% (59/300). Most frequently mutated genes ( > 1%) listed in the table below. Other mutations (RAD51B, RAD51C, BARD1, FANCL, RAD51D, RAD54L) were detected in 1-2 cases per gene. Conclusions: This first systematic analysis of HRRm in Russian population of mCRPC patients showed general consistency with previously reported HRRm data (19,7% in our trial in comparison with 27.9% in PROfound trial). Lab approach using different techniques in real practice has to be established.[Table: see text]


This article applied the theories and methods of the physics, mathematics, dynamics, information science, statistics and management science to put forth the concepts, definitions, basic theorems and research scopes of the operating disorderly complexity for discrete production system; based on the basic theories of the information entropy, established a new set of the metric for assessing the operating disorderly complexity and modules the vectorial space, mathematical modules. Some ideals about decreasing the disorder states and enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency were proposed. A case study of mining working face was enacted and verified.


Low grade chromite samples from rejected dumps and over-burdens were taken for beneficiation study to produce a material suitable for charge-chrome preparation. The chromite samples with about 25% Cr2O3 in average, are ferr-uginous, but non-magnetic and contain 30-40% Fe2O2 SiO2 content is significantly low. low. Limonite, followed by laterite, is the main gangue material. In general, the fraction between 0.5 mm and 0.045 mm size is richer in Cr203 than the both +0.5 mm and —0.045 mm fraction. A process involving (i) crushing to —1 mm size, (ii) desl-iming and rejection of the slime, (iii) sieving at 0.2 mm and (iv) tabling of the — 0.2 mm fraction, has been found to be successful to produce a material with Cr203 content around 44%, raising the Cr203lFe203 ratio from 0.6 to above 2.2. The process is a low cost oriented one and the beneficiated Product satisfies the requirements for chrom-ite used for preparation of charge-chrome.


Can Text Typology be applied into studying Chinese-English Subtitle Translation? This study applies Reiss's Text Typology to subtitle translation of the "laughing points" in If You are the One,and the initial progress shows that Text Typology enables subtitle translators to analyze text functions,to understand language features of different texts and to adopt proper translation strategies.


The purpose of the present study is to propose a strategy for identifying the mechanical characteristics of fibers and the damage in composite materials, based on an inverse method coupled with homogenization. It consists, in a general and systematic way, in coupling a homogenization procedure chosen by the user, with an appropriate numerical optimization algorithm. The method can be interpreted as a procedure for passage from macroscopic to mesoscopic scale. In this respect, it is shown that our method is capable of providing estimates of mesoscopic properties that are difficult to obtain experimentally. The proposed identification method is applied to examples of damaged and undamaged composites including those made of woven and unwoven natural fibers of Alfa and a polyester resin matrix. Identification results obtained by the proposed inverse method are compared to data taken from the literature to show its effectiveness.


The new waste oil treating process removes in a single step water and metals. Industrial trials have shown that the treated oil has a water content of less than 0.2%, an ash content of less than 0.06% and a lead content of less than 50ppm. As obtained the oil is used as high grade fuel oil but it is also a suitable feedstock for a lubricating oil refinery. From the separated metal sludge lead can be recovered by smelting. Further tests are under way to produce base lubricating oil from the treated oil. The combined process would recover with low energy consumption and minimal loss a valuable resource.


Epidemiology, Clinical features, Severe malaria, Differential diagnosis, Diagnosis, General management, Antimalarial chemotherapy, Treatment of severe malaria, Prevention, Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance


A negative-impedance inverter (NIV) can be used to realize the negative dual of any driving-point function. This paper describes a scheme by which two controlled sources are connected in series to realize the NIV, and the basic principle involved is de-lineated. The feasibility of such a scheme is demonstrated by using, in place of each controlled source, a transistor amplifier that uses a common-base stage and a common-collector stage in cascade. The transistor amplifier requires only one power supply and is readily adaptable for integrated-circuit applications. Experimental results showing the realizability of the negative resistance, the negative capacitance, and the negative inductance by this NIV circuit are presented.


HILE THE occurrence, characteristics, and behavior of malignant smooth muscle tumors in the uterus, the alimentary tube, the retroperitoneum, and a few other organs are well recognized and have been described repeatedly, the occurrence of these tumors in the superficial soft tissues has seldom been recorded and does not seem to have been the subject of any comprehensive studies. Perhaps this should not surprise one, for it is a tumor that occurs but seldom in these tissues. A study of


We consider a class of problems related to the deformation of a pipe of an inhomogeneous material, its inhomogeneity being caused by the conditions of its synthesis or by other effects. A mathematical model is developed for analyzing the stressed-strained state in two-dimensional elasticity problems of inhomogeneous bodies. New forms of basic equations are derived, and the method of successive approximations for solving this class of problems is suggested. General expressions for the stresses in the form of series are given, and their convergence is verified. Using complex variable functions, analytical expressions for the successive approximations are obtained.


Abstract Six novel trinuclear copper(II) complexes have been synthesized and identified as {[Cu(opba)][Cu(L)]2} (CIO4)2xH2O and {[Cu(Meopba)][Cu(L)]2} (CIO4)2xH2O [obpa = o-phenylenebis(oxamato), Meopba = 4-methyl-o-phenylenebis(oxamato), L -2, 2′-bipyridyl (bpy), 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) or 4,4′-dimethyl-2, 2′-bipyridyl (Mebpy), x=1,2]. Based on IR, elemental analyses, electronic spectra, conductivity and thermoanalyses, the complexes are proposed to have an oxamido-bridged structure consisting of three copper(II) ions in which each copper(II) ion has a square-planar environment.


We report on the observation of subcycle interferences of electron wave packets released during strong field ionization of $\text{H}_{2}$ with cycle-shaped two-color laser fields. With a reaction microscope we measure three-dimensional momentum distributions of photoelectrons correlated with either $\text{H}_{2}^{+}$ or protons within different energy ranges generated by dissociation of $\text{H}_{2}^{+}$ . We refer to these different types of photoelectrons as channels. Our results show that the subcycle interference structures of electron wave packets are very sensitive to the cycle shape of the two-color laser field. We explain this behavior by the dependence of the ionization time within an optical cycle on the shape of the laser field cycle. The subcycle interference structures can be further used to obtain insight into the subcycle dynamics of molecules during strong field interaction.


In this dissertation, I examine the role of private sector engagement in environmental governance. The relationship between mainstream environmentalism and the private sector has moved from one of general hostility to one of constructive engagement in recent times. As a result, the traditional distinctions between environmental non-governmental organizations and private corporations have become blurred, making way for public-private hybrids, facilitated by frameworks of philanthropy, sponsorship, and corporate social responsibility. Connected to these broader reconfigurations in environmental governance are simultaneous alterations in the normative framework of mainstream environmentalism. Ideologically, environmental policy and neoliberalism are now intertwined, entangling assumptions about nature and culture, and reflected in the popularization of environmental protection mechanisms that are deeply embedded in the values of the market economy. Analyzing particular examples of such engagements, and informed by Gramscian theory, I analyze the connections between rising corporate presence in mainstream environmentalism and broader normative and practical change, focusing, in particular, on the frameworks of ecomodernism and the Green Economy. I argue that contemporary private sector engagement in environmentalism leads to the support, production and construction of powerful environmentalisms: environmental ideologies and practices that gain power from, not in spite of, prevailing dominant interests. As such, these powerful environmentalisms tend to produce and reproduce elite processes of capitalist production and prioritize instrumental norms of human-nature relations, while marginalizing others. I conclude by outlining suggestions in support of a democratic environmental politics that represents and recognizes a more diverse array of actors, human-nature relationships, and frameworks of environmental care.


Israel is a new nation with ancient roots. Over the past century the Zionist return to the land and the building of a modern nation has had a counterpart in language: the revitalisation of Hebrew as spoken tongue. There is a design analogy with the immigrant process, learning Hebrew, and ulpan (language classes for new immigrants).' Designers too, have learned the basics of the landscape language, appreciated its character and nuance, and found out how to be expressive within its vocabulary and structure. For Israeli landscape architects there has been a conscious search for a language of landscape design. As a result of this quest, a palette of identifiable materials, forms, compositions, and functions has emerged, and these have been used to create a design narrative which speaks of Israel's complex national culture and identity. This paper explores the continuing process through a case study of one landscape space, the wadi/nahal.


In this paper we present computational and experimental results of dust particles that can be tuned to preferentially reflect or emit IR radiation within the 8-14 μm band. The particles consist of thin metallic subwavelength gratings patterned on the surface of a simple quarter wavelength cavity. This design creates distinct IR absorption resonances by combining the plasmonic resonance of the grating with the natural resonance of the cavity. We will show that the resonance peaks are easily tuned by varying either the geometry of the grating or the thickness of the cavity. Here, we present a computational design algorithm along with experimental results that validate the design methodology.