The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of corporate non financial disclosures on accountability among Nigerian firms. Survey research method was adopted in the study. Relevant data was gathered from primary sources through the use of a research questionnaire on the sampled respondents. Cronbach's Alpha (a) was used to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. For the analysis, tables and percentages
were used to present the collected. Logistic regression and frequency distribution were adopted for further analysis of data and the subsequent test of hypotheses. Findings of the study showed that there is significant relationship between non financial disclosures and accountability among Nigerian firms, and that positive relationship exists between corporate non financial disclosures and accountability. Also, the study showed the existence of non financial disclosure practice among Nigerian firms, but the level of compliance is very low due to little or non-existence of standards that governs the operation of non financial disclosures. The implications of the findings are that any unit increase in corporate non financial disclosures is a reflection of increase in the level of accountability by management/directors to its stakeholders, and by this, investors
confidence will be restored, Nigeria's image revamped, and greater economic growth will ensure. Base on the findings, we recommended that there should be higher level of commitment by management/Directors of Nigerian firms to provide non financial information disclosures as this will encourage investors' decision towards investing in Nigerian firms.


Mycetomas are defined by Castellani and ChalmersI as "all growths and granulations which produce enlargement, deformity, or destruction in any portion of the tissues of man or animals, and which are caused by the invasion of the affected area by fungi belonging to different genera and species, which produce bodies of varying dimensions, colour, and shape, composed of hyphae, and sometimes chlamydospores, embedded in a matrix. These bodies, which are capable of giving rise to mycelial filaments, on gemnation, are termed 'grains,' and are found either embedded in the pathological tissue forming these growths and granulations, or escaping freely in the discharge thereform. In addition, eosinophile bodies can usually be seen." Two kinds of mycetomas are recognized: actinomycosis in which thirteen species of Actinomyces are involved, and maduromycosis in which some fifteen species of various other fungi are the etiological agents. It is remarkable that so great a variety of widely different fungi cause lesions which are clinically almost identical. Mycetoma of the foot is commonly spoken of as Madura foot. The disease is endemic in parts of India and Africa and sporadic in the rest of the world. Boyd and Crutchfield2 and more recently Gammel 3 reviewed the status of Madura foot in the United States. The latter found twenty-two cases reported, eighteen of these caused by Actinomyces and four caused by other fungi. One of the rarest fungi causng mycetoma is that generically known as Monosponum, also referred to as Scedosporium. Reports of seven cases of infection with this fungus were found in the literature.


As the number of concurrently running applications on the chip multiprocessors (CMPs) is increasing, efficient management of the shared last-level cache (LLC) is crucial to guarantee overall performance. Recent studies have shown that cache partitioning can provide benefits in throughput, fairness and quality of service. Most prior arts apply true Least Recently Used (LRU) as the underlying cache replacement policy and rely on its stack property to work properly. However, in commodity processors, pseudo-LRU policies without stack property are commonly used instead of LRU for their simplicity and low storage overhead. Therefore, this study sets out to understand whether LRU-based cache partitioning techniques can be applied to commodity processors. In this work, we instead propose a cache partitioning mechanism for two popular pseudo-LRU policies: Not Recently Used (NRU) and Binary Tree (BT). Without the help of true LRU's stack property, we propose a profiling logic that applies curve approximation methods to derive the hit curve (hit counts under varied way allocations) for an application. We then propose a hybrid partitioning mechanism, which mitigates the gap between the predicted hit curve and the actual statistics. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposal can improve throughput by 15.3% on average and outperforms the stackestimate proposal by 12.6% on average. Similar results can be achieved in weighted speedup. For the cache configurations under study, it requires less than 0.5% storage overhead compared to the last-level cache. In addition, we also show that profiling mechanism with only one true LRU ATD achieves comparable performance and can further reduce the hardware cost by nearly two thirds compared with the hybrid mechanism. key words: cache partitioning, pseudo-LRU, curve approximation


We study competition between two shopping centers (department stores or shopping malls) located at the extremes of a linear city. In contrast with the existing literature, we do not restrict consumers to make all their purchases at a single place. We obtain this condition as an equilibrium result. In the case of competition between a shopping mall and a department store, we find that the shops at the mall, taken together, obtain a lower profit than the department store. However, the shops at the mall have no incentives to merge into a department store (both sides would lose). It is the department store that has incentives to separate itself into a shopping mall (both sides win).


—Placing voice traffic on the data network exposes it to the same attacks that plague the existing Internet infrastructure. Traditional perimeter security solutions cannot cope with the complexity of VoIP protocols at carrier-class performance. We have implemented a large-scale, SIP-aware application layer firewall capable of filtering VoIP traffic at carrier-class rates. We have also built an integrated testing and analysis tool and a testbed that validates its functionality and performance. Our testing tool is unique in its use of finer granularity measurements of pinhole opening and closing delays of the system under test (SUT) than previously available. The tool is further enhanced with an array of ten standard Pentium 3GHz processors to distribute VoIP traffic load generation, reaching the desired target performance rates. This paper describes our novel and original application layer firewall solution, the testing methodology and the testbed used to benchmark our solution.


Transcription of mRNA by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is a fundamental step in gene expression. In mammalians, this is a highly regulated process that requires the assembly and coordination of a multitude of nuclear factors that determine the level of transcription of any particular gene. This thesis investigates the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by NFAT and AP-1 proteins, two families of transcription factors that play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, proliferation, and the immune response. Using the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene as a model system, we characterized the mechanism of transcriptional synergy by NFATc2 and cJun in activated T cells. We propose a model by which cJun homodimers are recruited to the IL-2 promoter as a coactivator of NFATc2, resulting in high levels of transcription. This recruitment is mediated by a unique interaction between the C-terminal activation domain of NFATc2 and the DNA binding domain of a cJun homodimer. Given the distinct role of cJun homodimers in regulating transcription, we aimed to develop DNA aptamers that are capable of distinguishing between cJun homodimers and cJun heterodimers, such as cJun/cFos. SELEX targeting DNA-bound cJun resulted in DNA aptamers that bind cJun homodimers with high affinity and specificity. For the highest affinity aptamer, we characterized the mechanism of binding, its secondary structure, and identified the minimal binding region. We determined that this aptamer effectively inhibits cJun from binding its corresponding DNA recognition element, and in cells we show that the aptamer can inhibit cJun homodimer activated transcription.


The electrochemical method has been used for study on the interaction between colchicine and bovine serum albumin in this paper.An irreversible oxidation peak of colchicine has been obtained in 0.3 mol/L H2SO4 solution.The peak potential is at 1.18 V(vs.SCE).The peak current significantly increased with the addition of the surfactant of tetrabutyl ammonium chloride.Under these conditions,the BSA,the oxidation peak potential shifted and the peak current decreased with the addition of BAS.The declining value of the peak current was directly proportional to the bovine serum albumin concentration in the range of 1.5×10-7~2×10-6 mol/L(r=0.9978).The detection limit was 4.0×10-8 mol/L.This study further explored the binding ratio and binding constant of colchicine with BSA,and they were 1 and 2.40×105 L/mol.


The optimal order decision under supply risk is studied.It gets the conclusion that in some conditions,retailer will provide trade credit to supplier by advance payment to improve supply risk and increase the reliability of supply number.As a result,both supplier and retailer will benefit from this strategy.


A novel fuzzy logic design, called Neufuz, using neural net learning is proposed. Artificial neural net algorithms are used to generate fuzzy rules and membership functions. The combination of learned fuzzy rules, membership functions, and a fuzzy design technique based on new fuzzy inferencing and defuzzification methods significantly improves performance, accuracy, and reliability and reduces design time. Neufuz also minimizes system cost by optimizing the number of rules and membership functions. Simulation results are very encouraging.<<ETX>>


The development of micro-optical bench (MOB) technology as so far been limited by its reliance on polysilicon based elements which does not have good optical properties, and does not easily yield the spherical surfaces needed for refracting lenses. Polymers have shown large improvement in the recent years and could be a solution to hasten the development of MOB. We report here on the fabrication using polymers of converging and diverging refracting lens, with diameter ranging between 60 μm and 500 μm and with focal length as small as 100 μm. The polymer investigated where a photosensible cresol novolak (AZ9260), a photosensible epoxy resin (SU8) and a silicone (PDMS). In addition we have developed a phenomenological model and a physical model that elucidate the relationship between the fabrication parameters and the characteristics of the optical elements.


In the past several years, numerous successes in subsalt exploration have been obtained with imaging tools such as Kirchhoff migration. Recently, however, a number of advances have been made that improve depth imaging considerably in such areas. Multiple attenuation and compensation for anelastic absorption losses have optimized the clarity and frequency content of primary events in the migrated image. Tomography has produced more accurate velocity updates that take into account complex ray bending. Finally, wavefield-extrapolation migration has improved imaging in the vicinity of salt bodies and below rugose salt when compared with traditional Kirchhoff migration. Here we present several field examples from complex areas in the Gulf of Mexico that illustrate how a processing flow combining these techniques can significantly improve image fidelity.


The increasing need for diverse living environments continues to be driven by rapid economic growth and a significant improvement of people's living standards. As one of the five pillars of an industrial economy, the construction industry has undergone more dynamic development than many other industries. However, construction companies still suffer from many problems, such as knowledge loss, inefficient collaboration, and low competitiveness. These challenges require organisations to systematically manage their knowledge and facilitate collaboration among stakeholders. Knowledge can be shared and developed by means of an effective knowledge transfer system and construction companies can enjoy high returns by collaborating in innovative construction projects, thereby enabling them to acquire a lasting competitive advantage. However, there appears to be a lack of research and analysis of the factors that affect the transfer of knowledge in collaborative and innovative construction projects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to define the related influential factors based on a systematic review of the literature (SRL). A search of the Scopus database from 2013 to 2022 yielded 162 articles, nine of which were selected to address the research problem. The analytical results of the SLR indicate that the key factors that affect the transfer of knowledge and collaboration in innovative architectural projects include the working environment, communication among project members, partners and social capital, talent training, team culture, and leadership, which are also the driving force for the development of these projects.


The waveform diversity of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems offers many advantages in comparison to the phased-array counterpart. One of the advantages is that it allows one to design MIMO radar with flexible transmit beampatterns, which has several useful applications. Many researchers have proposed solutions to this problem in the recent decade. However, these designs pay little attention to certain aspects of the performance such as the ripples within the energy focusing section, the attenuation of the sidelobes, the width of the transition band, the angle step-size, and the required number of transmit antennas. In this paper, we first propose several methods that can indirectly or directly control the ripple levels within the energy focusing section and the transition bandwidth. These methods are based on existing problem formulations. More importantly, we reformulate the design as a feasibility problem (FP). Such a formulation enables a more flexible and efficient design that achieves the most preferable beampatterns with the least system cost. Using this formulation, an empirical MIMO radar beampattern formula is obtained. This MIMO radar beampattern formula is similar to Kaiser's formula in conventional finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter design. The performances of the proposed methods and formulations are evaluated via numerical examples.


The concentration dependence of the electrical conductance of several symmetrical electrolytes is studied using the dressed-ion transport theory (DITT) formalism. This theoretical scheme is constructed from the Fuoss–Onsager theory using the equilibrium dressed-ion theory (DIT) distribution functions for electrolyte and colloid media. The conductance equation is constructed from previous results for the relaxation of the ionic atmosphere [Varela et al., J. Chem. Phys. 110, 4483 (1999)], now completed with the calculation of the concentration-dependent electrophoretic velocity of ions on the basis of a DIT in a hydrodynamic point of view. Onsager's limiting law for the electrophoretic velocity based on the Debye–Huckel (DH) equilibrium distribution function is reformulated in terms of the DIT renormalized quantities, effective charges and effective screening length. The electrophoretic correction to the velocity calculated in the framework of this DITT is shown to exhibit a nontrivial dependence on the ren...


The motive of the investigation is analyzing the categorization of fetal state code from the Cardiographic data set based on decision tree method. Cardiotocography is one of the important tools for monitoring heart rate, and this technique is widely used worldwide. Cardiotocography is applied for diagnosing pregnancy and checking fetal heart rate state condition until before delivery. This classification is necessary to predict fetal heart rate situation which is belonging. In this paper, we are using three input attributes of training data set quoted by LB, AC, and FM to categorize as normal, suspect or pathological where NSPF variable is used as a response variable. After drawing necessary analysis into three variables we get the 19 nodes of classification tree and also we have measured every single node according to statistic, criterion, weights, and values. The Cardiotocography Dataset applied in this study is received from UCI Machine Learning Repository. The dataset contains 2126 observation instances with 22 attributes. In this experiment, the highest accuracy is 98.7%. Overall, the experimental results proved the viability of Classification and Regression Trees and its potential for further predictions.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.


Let D be an invertible matrix and L1 (x) denote the well‐known 1‐norm of x∈Rn. In this note we analyse the kth moment of the ratio L1 (D−1z) and its asymptotics in special cases, where z is uniformly distributed over the unit hypersphere. Conceptually, L1 (D−1z) can be seen as the (weighted) length, measured along fixed orientations, of a path connecting any two points relative to their straight line distance.


This work studied the possibility of producing multimaterials consisting of aluminum bronze CuAl9Mn2 and nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625 by double-wire electron beam additive manufacturing. Samples with 5%, 15%, 25%, and 50% of the nickel-based alloy in aluminum bronze were produced for the research. The structural features of these multimaterials were analyzed, and tensile properties, microhardness, and dry sliding friction properties were measured. The results showed that 50% of the nickel-based alloy in the multimaterial composition provides the formation of a dendritic structure. Such a material shows worse values of ductility and wear resistance. Samples containing 5%, 15%, and 25% of Inconel 625 provide similar friction coefficient values, whereas, with increasing concentration of the nickel-based alloy, the material's ultimate tensile strength and microhardness increase significantly.


This paper puts forward a series of methods to control the engineering quality, such as enhancing the supervision towards engineering quality, real quality control, standardization of supervision behavior, and reforming the supervision pattern.


Firstly this paper introduces the structure and characteristics of UMLS and then discusses PubMed system,which is based on UMLS.Then it points out some shortcomings of domestic thesaurus.Finally after discussing the structure of some successful thesaurus,including UMLS,it proposes some suggestion for the thesaurus structure under network environment.


A method of manufacturing a plastic resin transfer shaft is provided to increase coupling strength between an outer shaft and an inner shaft by forming a welding groove at the outer shaft and a support part. A method of manufacturing a plastic resin transfer shaft includes a part machining step(S1) of machining an outer shaft formed of a PVC material and having a first coupling groove of a small diameter of 0.5~0.6mm, and machining an inner shaft formed of FRP material and having a second coupling groove, a heating step(S2) of heating the outer shaft formed of a PVC material to couple the outer shaft with the inner shaft, a shaft forming step(S3) of rapidly cooling the outer shaft and the inner shaft to shrink the outer shaft to complete coupling of the outer shaft and the inner shaft, a support part coupling step(S4) of coupling the shaft and a support part by inserting the support part into the second coupling groove, a welding step(S5) of welding the shaft and the support part, and a grinding step(S6) of grinding an outer surface of the shaft.


Objective: We performed a percutaneous carotid artery stenting (CAS) under ultrasonographic (US) guidance without contrast in patients with impaired renal function. We present the CAS procedure, which avoids the simultaneous use of fluoroscopy and US examination, to reduce radiation exposure. Methods: The carotid-stenotic lesion was marked on the skin of the neck based on preoperative US images. The distal protection balloon (DPB) was placed beyond the stenotic portion under fluoroscopy using magnetic resonance angiography and/or plain computed tomography images. The location of the DPB was confirmed by fluoroscopy. Subsequently, the DPB was expanded, and the carotid ultrasonography confirmed that blood flow was restricted. Thereafter, a stent was placed on the stenotic portion, and the dilatation of the artery was also confirmed by US imaging. Results: Among the six patients (mean age: 78.8 years) included in this study, three asymptomatic and three symptomatic cases were successfully treated using the US-guided CAS technique without complications. The operation time of this technique was similar to that of the conventional method. The average cumulative incident dose (CID) was 64.0 mGy (average CID value of the standard method: 162.4 mGy). Conclusion: Percutaneous US-guided carotid stenting is useful for patients with carotid stenosis and impaired renal function. Avoiding the simultaneous use of fluoroscopy and ultrasonography can reduce radiation exposure for both technicians and patients.


We report magnetic, transport and neutron diffraction data showing that Pb2CoOsO6, a newly synthesized metallic double-perovskite with a centrosymmetric space group at room temperature, exhibits a continuous second-order phase transition at 45 K to a magnetically ordered state with a noncentrosymmetric space group. The absence of inversion symmetry is very uncommon in metals, particularly metallic oxides. In contrast to the recently reported ferroelectric-like structural transition in LiOsO3, the phase transition in Pb2CoOsO6 is driven by a long-range collinear antiferromagnetic order, with propagation vector k = ( 1/2 , 0, 1/2 ), which relieves the frustration associated with the magnetic exchanges. This magnetically-driven loss of inversion symmetry represents a new frontier in the search for novel metallic behavior.


A precursor of boron nitride was prepared through the partial condensation of 2,4,6-trichloroborazine and bis-(trimethylsilyl)acetylene. This reaction was conducted at 100°C and is catalyzed by AlCl3. The condensation product pyrolyzed at 800°C, producing trimethylsilyl chloride as a volatile product and a boron nitride rich residue containing 54 wt% of the initial weight. Mixtures of the precursor and commercial boron nitride were made and hot-pressed at 800°C and 27.6 MPa. A maximum density of 1.84 g/cm3 is reached at a loading corresponding to the deposition of 13 wt% residue derived from the precursor. Examination by analytical electron microscopy, including X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses, revealed the location of material derived from the precursor in BN-binder composites through the presence of residual aluminum, silicon, and carbon. Crystallization of boron nitride from the precursor appears to have taken place, as deduced from the morphology of the phases observed and association with residual elements present in the binder.


Ancient Chinese dogs excavated at three archaeological sites and stored in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica, were the object of this study (Xiawanggang site, 5000–6000 years BP; Keshengzhuang site, 3000–4000 years BP; Shangsunjia site, Bronze age). During these periods, there were large morphological variations in Chinese dogs beyond a single dog class, as with Jomon dogs. Dogs with a large 'stop' were already present in China but not in Japan. At the Keshengzhuang site, middle to large class dogs were also excavated.

At least three types were confirmed within these dogs. In the aged dog in Xiawanggang, antemortem loss of many teeth was observed suggesting active use of the teeth and it is possible that this dog was used for hunting as were the Japanese Jomon dogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Datastreams are potentially infinite sources of data that flow continuously while monitoring a physical phenomenon, like temperature levels or other kind of human activities, such as clickstreams, telephone call records, and so on. RFID technology has lead in recent years the generation of huge streams of data. Moreover, RFID based systems allow the effective management of items tagged by RFID tags, especially for supply chain management or objects tracking. In this paper we introduce SMART (Simple Monitoring enterprise Activities by RFID Tags) a system based on outlier template definition for detecting anomalies in RFID streams. We describe SMART features and its application on a real life scenario that shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for effective enterprise management.


This study specifies that the southern tier of the US (south of the 36th parallel) should be examined to see what problems might develop with the installation of a Satellite Power System (SPS) in the year 2000. One or more 5-GW SPS units could be installed in the utility systems of the southern states in the year 2000. The 345- and 500-kV transmission systems that will probably exist at that time could be readily extended to accommodate the SPS units. The operation of the units will present the utilities with new and difficult problems in system stability and frequency control. The problems will arise because a somewhat variable 5-GW output will be produced by a generator having no mechanical inertia. The unavoidable time lag in controlling the position of the energy beam at the receiving station may have a very critical effect on the stability of the utility systems. The maintenance problems associated with the energy-receiving device, a continuous structure covering more than 40 mi/sup 2/, must be given careful consideration. Repair of lightning damage while maintaining SPS operation may be the most critical requirement. Acquisition and preparation of the 90 mi/sup 2/ land required for the receiving antenna (rectenna)more » will create many new and difficult environmental problems.« less


The aim of the research was to select the most optimal nutrient media for the cultivation of isolates of B. cinerea fungus isolated from the berries of garden strawberries in the plantations of the Krasnodar Territory. The most optimal nutrient media were identified. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the pathogen on five different nutrient media were described and analyzed.


Basic theory of radar interferometry as well as functional SARscape and some examples of the projects on radar monitoring of displacements and structures developed by "Sovzond" are presented.


Significance Losing one copy of the RAI1 gene causes Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS), a neurodevelopmental disorder. Using a newly generated SMS mouse model, this study demonstrates that restoring the Rai1 gene dose in an early postnatal window could repair gene expression and social interaction deficits in this SMS model. The SMS mouse model also showed a reduced density of dendritic spines, anatomical correlates of excitatory synapses, in the prefrontal cortex. Artificial activation of prefrontal cortex neurons partially alleviated the behavioral deficits. These findings suggest that, similar to Rett syndrome, SMS is caused by disruption of a chromatin-modifying gene with reversible developmental phenotypes, highlighting the potential treatment windows in childhood or adolescence. Haploinsufficiency of Retinoic Acid Induced 1 (RAI1) causes Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS), a syndromic autism spectrum disorder associated with craniofacial abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. There is currently no cure for SMS. Here, we generated a genetic mouse model to determine the reversibility of SMS-like neurobehavioral phenotypes in Rai1 heterozygous mice. We show that normalizing the Rai1 level 3–4 wk after birth corrected the expression of genes related to neural developmental pathways and fully reversed a social interaction deficit caused by Rai1 haploinsufficiency. In contrast, Rai1 reactivation 7–8 wk after birth was not beneficial. We also demonstrated that the correct Rai1 dose is required in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons for proper social interactions. Finally, we found that Rai1 heterozygous mice exhibited a reduction of dendritic spines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and that optogenetic activation of mPFC neurons in adults improved the social interaction deficit of Rai1 heterozygous mice. Together, these results suggest the existence of a postnatal temporal window during which restoring Rai1 can improve the transcriptional and social behavioral deficits in a mouse model of SMS. It is possible that circuit-level interventions would be beneficial beyond this critical window.


The finance is the key factor in the operation of the market economy, and how to specifically evaluate the fiscal expenditure performance and the budget is a very important problem. This paper describes the effect of fiscal expenditure on the performance evaluation in detail, minutely researches the actual calculation process for performance budget, discusses the problems in the evaluation system according to the contents above, and offers the targeted suggestions to how the performance budget should reform.


Objective To observe the correlation of collagen Ⅱ with proteoglycan of fetal cartilage endplate cells in the culturing process in vitro.Methods Fetal cartilage endplate cells were cultured by using L-DMEM medium containing volume percentage of 10% fetal bovine serum.The fetal cartilage endplate cells collagen Ⅱ,proteoglycan and theirs mRNA from the 1st to the 8th generation were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR technique.The correlation of collagen Ⅱ and proteoglycan with their mRNA expression was analyzed by linear regression.Results There were significant differences between collagen Ⅱ and its mRNA expression,as well as between proteoglycan and its mRNA expression of fetal cartilage endplate cells from the 1st to the 8th generation(P0.05).Collagen Ⅱ and its mRNA expression were positively correlated with proteoglycan and its mRNA expression(r=0.994 7,P=0.014;r=0.945 3,P=0.017).Conclusion To restrain the decline of one of collagen Ⅱ and proteoglycan can prevent the other from decreasing in order to delay the degeneration of intervertebral disc.


Exocytosis in Entamoeba is described in which the vacuole moves posteriorly and comes out of the tail or the uroid. Sometimes the whole vacuole comes out but more often only a part of it is expelled. The remaining part gets detached and moves back into the cytoplasm


Allograft rejection results from separate pathways primarily controlled by CD4+ T cells. Refinement of transplantation models together with investigations on rejection occurring despite co‐stimulation blockade revealed unexpected pathways involving CD8+ T cells, NK cells and Th2 cytokines. In this minireview, we discuss these non‐classical pathways of allograft rejection and their relevance for the induction of tolerance in the clinics.


A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used in this paper for the optimal operation, result in better solution than the existing one, of the pipeline systems under transient conditions caused by valve closure. Simulation of pipeline system is carried out here by the Implicit Method of Characteristics, a method recently developed and introduced by the authors. This method uses an element-wise definition for all the devices that may be used in a pipeline system. The advantages of this method lie in its capability of considering any arbitrary combination of devices in a pipeline system. The transient simulator is linked to a GA optimizer, which is then used to optimize the operation of a pipeline system under valve closure. One example problem of valve closure is used to test the performance of the proposed model. In this example, the GA is used to obtain the minimum valve closure time such that the pipeline system with predefined characteristics can withstand the induced pressure surge. Two pre-specified closure rules of linear and sinusoidal type were used and their corresponding results are presented and compared. The results clearly emphasize on the applicability of the proposed optimization model to control the water hammer effects by properly managing the valve closure in a pipeline system.


Abstract. The traditional encryption technology mainly relies on computer or digital signal processor and other electronic devices to achieve, so the speed and cost were restricted. As a result, people began to study more secure and efficient quantum image encryption technology. In this paper, a new method of quantum image encryption based on Arnold transform and hyperchaotic system is proposed. The encryption process of this paper consists of two phases: scrambling encryption stage and gray scale encryption stage. In this paper, a quantum image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic system is adopted in the gray scale encryption stage. The hyperchaotic system is used to generate hyperchaotic sequences, which are used to control non-operation. Theoretical analysis and classical numerical simulation show that this new method of quantum image encryption based on Arnold transform and hyperchaotic system has good security and anti attack.


In this paper, we discuss a few techniques that allow an effective reduction of the background noise and/or the reduction of the measurement time when performing voltage noise measurements by employing a number of nominally identical voltage amplifiers with negligible equivalent input current noise. It is demonstrated in particular that, if <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N\ (N > 2)$</tex></formula> voltage amplifiers are connected to the device under test and if the properties of cross-correlation among all <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> </formula> acquisition channels connected to the output of each amplifier are exploited, the time required for obtaining a given accuracy is reduced by a factor <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$N(N - 1)/2$</tex></formula> with respect to the conventional setup for cross-correlation that employs only two channels. From another point of view, the effective background noise is reduced for constant measurement time. Such a factor can be further increased if amplifier paralleling is also employed for reducing the equivalent input voltage noise for each channel. Measurements on two different setups employing up to four channels and up to eight channels are presented that confirm the expected reduction factors in measurement times.


The technological development, especially after the emergence of the Internet, has speeded up the flow of digital data and information,leading to an increasing volume of data and information. Various researches have been conductedon the study of capabilities that might contribute to organizational performance, among them the information technology capability and information management capability. There is also the Information Capability, which was initially studiedin 2000. The theoretical approach mostly used in these researchers has been the RBV theory. However, when a competitive scenario grows unpredictably and rapidly, it is necessary to adapt to it by reconfiguring the existing resources and capabilities and, if necessary, by developing new capabilities. Thus, this study aims to discuss the dynamic capabilities as a theoretical lens to understand the information capability, proposing a model that contributes to the theoretical advance on this topic and enhance organizational performance.


The model of fuzzy neural networks for weld defects distinguishing was described, through the analysis of the defect characters in weld of ray inspection. The construction of membership function and learning algorithm of BP networks were introduced. On the basis of the model trained by 52 type defect sample, 8 defect sample were distinguished. The experiment shows the method can improve the distinguishing rate of pattern sort in fuzzy boundary. This method excels the sort distinguishing in weld defects distinguishing.


We have developed a chelate-setting apatite cement. Synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) powders surface-modified with inositol hexaphosphate (IP6-HAp powder) were set by chelate-bonding with inositol hexaphosphate (IP6). Our aim is to fabricate IP6-HAp cement with anti-bacterial activity by adding lactoferrin (LF). It is known that LF has both anti-bacterial and osteoinductive activity. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli were used to examine the effect of LF on biofilm formation and localization of living and dead cells. In addition, the cell viability of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells was determined. Our results show that the anti-bacterial activity of LF is not due to a bactericidal effect but to the inhibition of bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Furthermore, LF cement did not affect cell proliferation. Thus, LF cement is a candidate for bifunctional biomaterials having both anti-bacterial and osteo-conductive activity.


ABSTRACT To study the role of financial development in economic growth, we apply an array of convergence tests designed to capture nonlinear transitional dynamics to real outputs per capita. Strong evidence of multiple convergence clubs is observed, implying that the clubs are formed based on the initial level of real output per capita and average growth rate. Our empirical results show that the stage of economic growth of each country plays an important role for the composition of the convergence clubs. Furthermore, financial development emerges to be a significant determinant, albeit plays differently in the economic growth of each convergence club.


Objective To describe detailed key points of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MIS-THA) via Watson-Jones (OCM) approach and explore its clinical outcome. Methods From January 2005 to December 2006, MIS-THA via OCM approach was performed in 35 patients including 16 males and 19 females, at age of (65.9 ± 6.8 ) years. The average body mass index was (24.4 ± 3.2 ). The length of incision, operation duration, transfusion, complications, postoperative hospital stay, prosthesis position and Harris score after operation were observed. Results The patients were followed up for 6-24 months ( average 17.3 months), which showed that the length of incision was (8.3 ± 0.9) cm, the operation duration of (92.1± 13.5 ) minutes and the blood transfusion of (300 ± 218.2) ml. All prosthesis had a good position with an abduction angle of (46.3± 2.9) °. The postoperative hospital stay was (7.9 ±1.7 ) days. Of the early 20 patients, 11 patients complained hip pains at 3 months and decreased to nine patients at 6 months and to five at 12 months. However, the later 15 patients showed no pain, infection, dislocation, deep vein thrombosis, vessel or nerve injury. During the follow-up period, all of the patients had good prosthesis position and rang of hip motion. Harris score was (91.3 ±5.7) at final follow-up. Conclusion OCM approach for MIS-THA, through the spatium intermusculare between the gluteus medius and musculus tensor fasciae latae, has the advantages of minor tissue trauma and fast functional recovery.

Key words:
Arthroplasty, replacement, hip ;  Femoral neck fractures ;  Surgical procedure, minimally invasive


The purpose of this study was to study the level of understanding of the concept and creative learning of the Practicum Tourism Learning Learning model in the Media and Learning Resources courses at the PIAUD FAI UMSU Study Program. This research uses descriptive method, with research subjects 20 students from PIAUD FAI UMSU Study Program in Media and Learning Resources courses. This research was conducted in February 2018 until the end of June 2018. The form of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The technique of collecting data using tests, observation, documentation and questionnaires. To answer the data validity, a triangulation technique was used, and to find out the results of this study descriptive analysis was used. From the results of the research obtained from the results of understanding and creative thinking PIAUD FAI UMSU, namely in the pre-action still 30% classical completeness, then increased in the first cycle reached 65% classical completeness, and increased again in the second cycle reached 92.5% classical completeness at a minimum score of 75, this result has exceeded the minimum classical completeness criteria of 85%.


Why study systems software? Part 1 Language processors: principles and programming languages assembly language and assemblers compilers - function and purpose compilers - structure and operation compilers - run time environments linkers and loaders interpreters and fourth generation languages. Part 2 Operating sytems: the user interface files and directories input and output controlling the machine some real systems utilities the future.


The invention discloses a battery selecting method comprising steps of performing fully charging and discharging circles and measuring capacities of a plurality of batteries; calculating the average battery capacity value and calculating relative deviations; removing batteries that have large discharging capacity deviations; performing charging and discharging processes, and measuring voltages in the processes; calculating the average voltage value and calculating relative deviations; and selecting batteries with good consistency. According to the selecting method provided by the invention, by selecting firstly according to discharging capacities of batteries, and then by performing charging and discharging tests close to actual working conditions for the batteries and measuring voltages, batteries with good consistency are selected rapidly and accurately, thereby raising the accuracy of battery selecting, improving battery pack security, and prolonging battery service lifetime.


ABSTRACT One hundred students enrolled in the welding and air-conditioning/refrigeration classes at Delgado Community College (Louisiana) Vere randomly selected to participate in a study to evaluate their effective reading comprehension level, to investigate the impact of a study skill "preview" method such as the SQ3R on their test-taking abilities, and to,test,the readability level of their textbooks. Fifty students (25 in eah subject area) were tested by the regular cloze method pf testing readability. The cloze test I, consists of selecting a passage of prose material of approximately 275 words from the students' textbook and deleting every fifth word." tudents are instructed to fill in the blanks with words appropriate to the context-. The remaining 50 students were given the cloze test after exposure to a SQ3R "preview" of the material. Since there was little difference between the raw scores of the control and experimental groups in either' subject area, it was determined that the SQ3R "preview" was of no value in augmenting test-taking skills. Since students were able to fill in correctly fewer than 38 percent of the blanks, It was determined that the welding and air-conditioning/refrigeration textbooks in current use were probably beyond the readability level of the students. (DC)'


In this paper, we use the work of the philosopher, Charles Taylor, to investigate the role of culture on internationalization decisions. Using parameters related to key constructs such as positive liberty, social ontology, expressivism, civic republicanism and common spaces, we look at how culture influences the decisions regarding corporate international expansion. This framework was applied in a multi-interview design in four firms from the food processing industry from France and Canada. Results showed an obvious sensitivity to cultural difference and that managerial practices surrounding this issue tended to be intuitive and emergent. These practices were not crystallized in the form of a conscious and deliberate organizational strategy for dealing with cultural difference when planning foreign market entry. Our findings triggered further reflections on managerial implications such as the importance of searching more explicitly for cultural and organizational anchors when reviewing location factors.


To change the status of time-consuming and over-reliance on technicians in mechanical system alignment process, performance prediction based on dynamic alignment was proposed. The mapping relationship between alignment process parameters and machine dynamic characteristics was established. A large number of computational experiments are implemented by adjusting the value of process parameters in order to learn and anticipate experimental data and also find out the rules of process parameters on machine dynamic characteristics. The method can optimize the alignment process, guide technician alignment, modify the theory mapping, and improve the alignment efficiency.


According to problems in the online monitor of transmission line icing by using only point monitor termainals,such as short lift time of terminal,icing or fogging of dome camera,difficult calibration of force sensor,difficult installation and maintenance of terminal,and limited covering range,and so on,a calculation method of icing line based on neural network and Brillouin scattering monitoring technology is proposed.by the installation of Brillouin sensors at both ends of OPGW line,the strength and frequency shift of Brillouin scattering signals can be measured,which is used to calculate fiber temperature and strain.Strain and meteorological parameters are modeled based on RBF neural network to calculate the thickness of line icing.It is proveed by system operation data theat the proposed method,which effectively combines meteorological parameters,can correct the error of icing thickness calculated by the OPGW stress method and thus can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the line icing monitor.


Modern technologies have been widely used to simplify bureaucratic systems as they ensure irreproachable and accurate operation. Web technologies and databases are the most common tools that assist on this perspective. An information system based on web technologies has been designed and implemented in order to increase flexibility and reduce man-hours of the administrative staff work concerning students' applications reply and registration renewal applications at the Electronics Engineering Department of the Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens. The system enables students to fill out the registration renewal application for each new semester, while it contains filters and rules that check the validity of the application. Concurrently it provides the students the ability to access their record any time of the year through the web and check for module marks etc. Finally, indexing and finding has become an easy task to perform. Key-Words: Electronic registration, student registration renewal, managing student records, web based database services, PHP, ΜySQL.


Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) was recently proposed by our group for noninvasive, continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration in diabetics as well as in critically ill patients (both diabetic and nondiabetic). In our previous studies we tested OCT-based glucose sensing using one-dimensional (1-D) lateral scanning of the OCT probing beam over the tissue surface. The measured OCT signal was prone to motion artifacts and had high level of speckle noise. In this study we used two-dimensional (2-D) lateral scanning of the OCT probing beam and achieved 3.6-fold reduction of the speckle noise level. We also applied a post-processing Fourier filtration technique that resulted in an additional 2-2.5-fold suppression of noise. Our data indicate that the combination of acquisition time of 30-40s and the Fourier filtration technique may provide OCT monitoring of blood glucose concentration with a sensitivity of 1mM (18 mg/dL).


Rate independent operators naturally arise in the mathematical analysis of hysteresis. Among rate independent operators, the locally monotone ones are those better suited for the study of PDE's with hysteresis. We prove that a rate independent operator R: Lip (0, T) → BV (0, T) ∩ C (0, T) which is locally monotone and continuous with respect to the strict topology of BV admits a unique continuous extension R̃: BV (0, T) → BV (0, T). This general result applies to several concrete hysteresis operators. For many of these operators the existence of a continuous extension was previously known at most to the space BV (0, T) ∩ C (0, T). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A drawback of the circle criterion for controller design for systems with memory-less nonlinearities is that it employs the Nyquist plot, for which frequency is an implicit variable. This paper presents a method for translating the circle criterion into allowable and forbidden regions on the Bode plot of a single-input/single-output system. This circle criterion-bode plot facilitates controller synthesis with loop shaping. The design concept is to shape the open loop response to avoid intersections between the forbidden regions and the magnitude and phase graphs. An application to the design of the controller for a lateral tape motion compensation system shows the utility of the plot.


Abstract The internal structure of monodisperse CdS particles was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy of thin sections prepared with an ultramicrotome. High-resolution images of the thin sections clearly revealed the arrangements and the crystallographic orientations of subcrystals as components of the particles. It was found that the central part of a particle was composed of randomly oriented small subcrystals about 10 nm in diameter, while near the surface of the particle, relatively large subcrystals about 50 nm in maximum width were observed. Furthermore, stacking faults and twins on the {1 1 1} planes were observed in the sections.


A bstract . In this paper we have defined and examined the new kind curves, with the principal normal vector of the first curve and the vector lying on the osculator plane of the second curve are linearly dependent. As a result we have called these new curves as N − T ∗ N ∗ curves. Also similiar to the other o ff set curves under the spesific condition, we give Frenet apparatus of the second curve based on the Frenet apparatus of the first curve.


Technological information is often ignored by strategists although it is of paramount importance in the strategic management of business. This study attempts to identify the information required for technology strategy management at the firm level. It clearly shows that for technology strategy management, information is necessary in four major areas - technology resources, technology capabilities, technology infrastructure, and technology climate. These kinds of information can broadly be classified into two categories - internal technological information and external technological information. Internal information can be gathered from within the company while, external information is subject to the scanning of the operating environment of the company. It is also evident from the study that this information should be considered carefully for formulating technology strategies. Considering the importance of technological information for the practitioners, a framework of technological information for technology strategy management is proposed in this study.


By using inside out configuration of patch clamp technique,the effects of intracellular lactate on single ATP sensitive potassium channels were studied in acutely dissociated cerebral neurons of rats.Application of 5~20 mmol/L lactate into the bath solution remarkably increased the amplitude of single channel currents with a conductance increasing from (202±11)pS to (255±13)pS.Lactate beyond 20 mmol/L induced multiple channel openings in some patches.Lactate also increased the mean open times and open probabilities of single channels in a dose dependent fasion as the membrane potential held at hyperpolarization.When bath solution contained 20 mmol/L lactate,the inhibitory effect of ATP on channel open probabilities was significantly reduced,and IC 50 with and without lactate was 1 mmol/L and 0.05 mmol/L respectively.The present results demonstrate that intracellular lactate can modulate K ATP channel activities via increasing its conductance and open probability,inducing multiple channel openings and decreasing its sensitivity to ATP. It is suggested that the lactate produced by anaerobic metabolism during brain hypoxia may,prior to depletion of ATP,activate K ATP channels to suppress neural excitability and therefore protect neurons from hypoxic and ischemic insults.


The Telegram which is a very popular messenger uses a special mode called IGE(Infinite Garble Extension). IGE mode is not included in standard mode of operation recommended by National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) in 2001. Block cipher encrypts fixed length of plaintext into the corresponding fixed-length of ciphertext using a secret key shared by two parties and utilizes lots of mode of operation for various length of plaintext. Even though Telegram uses non-standard IGE mode, Telegram is claimed to be secure and demonstrate their security is stronger than other IM's. Thus, we need to verify the security of IGE mode depending on underlying block ciphers. In this paper, we show that IGE mode block cipher used in Telegram assuming sPRF is not IND-qCPA, but assuming qPRF is IND-qCPA.


The article deals with the problems of philosophical understanding of the theory of perception in cognitive psychology as a way of forming abstractions. The main problems of cognitive psychology are stated.


Wang Yangming, a famous thinker in the Ming Dynasty, had close relation with Ganan area Jiangxi Province. He was appointed to govern the southern Jiangxi, which laid his political and academic foundation. And when he was a refugee in Ganzhou, he formed his conscious philosophic system. Later he was exhausted in politics and died on the road in Nananto from Guangxi. Wang Yangming had a great influence on the southern Jiangxi, which cannot be negalected though he conquered the peasants rebels.


In this article the competitiveness of the milk industry sector in Zulia State is analyzed, for the purpose of determining the factors that have stimulated ...


As technology advances, the complexity and size of integrated circuits continue to grow. Hierarchical design flow is a mainstream solution to speed up timing closure. Static timing analysis is a pivotal step in the flow but it can be timing-consuming on large flat designs. To reduce the long runtime, we introduce ATM, a high- accuracy extracted timing model for hierarchical timing analysis. Interface logic model (ILM) and extracted timing model (ETM) are the two popular paradigms for generating timing macros. ILM is accurate but large in model size, and ETM is compact but less accurate. Recent research has applied graph compression techniques to ILM to reduce model size with simultaneous high accuracy. However, the generated models are still very large compared to ETM, and its efficiency of in-context usage may be limited. We base ATM on the ETM paradigm and address its accuracy limitation. Experimental results on TAU 2017 benchmarks show that ATM reduces the maximum absolute error of ETM from 131 ps to less than 1 ps. Compared to the ILM-based approach, our accuracy differs within 1 ps and the generated model can be up to 270× smaller.


The results of various clinical studies regarding the role of prostaglandins in human parturition are cited and graphed. Improvements in measurement of circulating prostaglandins have facilitated these studies. Prostaglandins E and F (PGE and PGF) show little change during labor while plasma levels of 13 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF are raised several-fold. This measurement although complicated by the lack of stability of this prostaglandin in acqueous media reflected the increased production and rapid inactivation of the prostaglandin during labor. Prostaglandin levels have been seen to increase in amniotic fluid with gestation beyond 36 weeks. The concentrations of PGE and PGF in amniotic fluid have been shown to rise progressively during labor correlating with increasing cervical dilatation. The exact origin of the elevated prostaglandin levels in amniotic fluid and peripheral plasma during labor remains unclear. A method of tissue superfusion has been used to measure potential intrauterine sources of prostanoids. Findings from these studies provide evidence for a local uterine control of prostaglandin synthesis and release. Human parturition is stimulated by the increased production and release of these prostaglandins within uterine tissue. (Summary in FRE)


PURPOSE: A local correction system for a digital map according to changes in topography and features based on GPS coordinates is provided to obtain more exact numeric data by controlling the position of two cameras using a rotating device and a lifting device. CONSTITUTION: A local correction system for a digital map according to changes in topography and features based on GPS coordinates comprises a correction device(A) and a GIS server(B). The correction device comprises a receiving part, a camera position controller(310), a camera protector, a control unit(330) and a photographing assist device(300). The receiving part comprises a base part formed of side walls and a horizontal part and a closing part. The camera position controller comprises a case supporting part, a lifter, a case, a pinion supporting part, a first pinion, a rotational plate drive unit(312d), a rotating device, and a rotational plate. The camera protector comprises a pair of protection units, a door, a driving shaft support, a drive pinion, a first right driven pinion, a second right driven pinion, a first left driven pinion, a second left driven pinion, a third left driven pinion and an opening/closing device. The control unit is installed in a vehicle and comprises a rotational plate drive unit, a cylinder device(313b) and a door driving device(322f). The photographing assist device comprises an input unit(340) for inputting a control signal to the control unit.


An organization, in order to be capable of creating new knowledge and to utilize existing knowledge, knowledge sharing across the organization and between individuals is essential. A recent study examined the impact of organizational, group and individual characteristics on the sharing of knowledge among individuals within software project teams. This paper extends that work to examine the impact of team demography on knowledge sharing within teams. It is well established in the literature that individual behavior in groups is influenced, among other things, by the team demography. This paper examines the impact of team demography on knowledge sharing within software project teams. The findings suggest that individuals who perceive themselves in a minority based on gender, marital status, and type of education are less likely to participate in knowledge sharing. Also, long organizational tenure has a negative impact on knowledge sharing. I. INTRODUCTION In recent times, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of organizations that have explicit strategies and programs to manage the knowledge they create and possess. There has also been a spurt in efforts to understand the process of knowledge creation, assimilation and dissemination in organizations. Despite the attention to knowledge management, there have been very few empirical studies attempting to understand knowledge management in organizations. This paper presents the results of an attempt to address this gap. Traditionally, the literature has focused on knowledge as something to be possessed or as a 'stock of expertise'. While in actual practice it is often difficult to isolate the role of existing knowledge on performance, there seems to be a relationship between stock of knowledge and performance that is similar to the relationship between assets and income (Starbuck, 1992). It can be asserted that the more knowledge an organization or team possesses, the better will be its performance. More recently, however, there has been a focus on the act of knowing rather than the possession of knowledge. Knowledge is not seen as something static but a dynamic entity that actively supports the acquisition of more knowledge and keeps the asset value of an organization's knowledge current (Cook & Brown, 1999). Inherent in this approach is the assumption that knowledge that is not used is depleted, and knowledge that is used increases in value because knowledge creation is a social activity involving constant interaction between existing knowledge and the context in which it is applied. This study has a focus on the knowing process, and particularly on knowledge sharing among members of a team. Software project teams provide an interesting context to study knowledge sharing within teams. Software development is an intensely cognitive activity, which produces an intangible output that has been described as a codified form of pure knowledge (Hoch et al, 2000). Software projects teams are formed because the nature of the activity is such that it is beyond the ability of an individual to perform all the necessary tasks required (Carmel, 1993; Curtis et al, 1988; Waltz et al, 1993). Team performances are significantly better if team members are able to draw on the knowledge of other members of the team (Raymond, 1999). As a result, team members spend a considerable amount of their project time interacting with others in the team (DeMarco & Lister, 1999). As suggested above, one of the advantages of having a software project team is the ability to draw on a larger and more diverse knowledge base. However, the existence of knowledge with members of the team does not ensure that it is utilized (Pfeffer &Sutton, 1999). In order for the stock of knowledge available to have an impact on actual work, knowledge sharing among team members is essential. Sharing of knowledge goes beyond simple two-way communication, particularly in the case of tacit knowledge. …


This study explores a practice-based approach to learning to facilitate dialogically oriented textbased discussions. Through an exploration of rehearsals of discussion facilitation in a summer professional development program, we identify two types of framing for coaching moments: ones that attend to generalities of discussion and ones that attend to novelty in discussion. We find that attention to generalities helps develop teachers' efficiency in facilitation, while attention to novelty helps develop an ability to innovate in response to students' contributions. We consider how English teacher educators might balance a focus on efficiency with a focus on innovation in light of the value of adaptive expertise supporting teachers' implementation of dialogic discussions.


Herein include an aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis membrane cells oxy-depolarization are described the cathode, wherein the cathode is in contact with the film art and can be prevented even in the high current density in which hydrogen is released into the oxygen. Hydrochloric acid may be in the concentration of limited industrial grade hydrochloric acid at 15%, while the operating temperature should not exceed 60 ℃. The cathode may be separately contained or contained separately in two distinct layers in a single layer as a mixture of rhodium sulphide and platinum group metals. Hydrochloric acid electrolysis membrane cells, an oxygen-depolarization cathode, the current density, rhodium sulfide, the platinum group metal


BackgroundRussian economy is going through hard times. Many organizations are looking for possibilities of growth where intrapreneurship can be one of them. Nevertheless, the simple applying of exi ...


An experiment was conducted along the shore of Culasi, Antique in Panay to compare the milkfry (Chanos chanos) catching efficiency of the ordinary fry seine against its innovation and the ordinary sweeper against its 2 modifications. Results show that it is possible to replace the wings of the presently used sweeper and the ends of the fry seine with a coarse-meshed netting. This improvement decreases the water resistance of the gears and thus enables fry gatherers to use larger ones thereby giving more catch.


Seamless conversion techniques between terahertz radio and optical fiber communication systems are in high demand for future access networks with a low carbon footprint. Radio-over-fiber technologies are a promising solution for realizing conversion in the millimeter-wave and terahertz bands using advanced optical modulation and photodetection devices. Herein, we briefly introduce radio-over-fiber technologies that enable applications to access networks in the seventh-generation mobile (7G) system era. Low-noise and high-frequency oscillator configurations using photonics, which are utilized in terahertz transceivers, are also investigated. A future system integrated with fixed wireless terahertz radio is discussed concerning geographical issues under severe weather conditions.


PURPOSE:To provide a gate array semiconductor integrated circuit device which reduces the dispersion of delay times after the wiring design and that shortens the development period. CONSTITUTION:A basic cell is provided in an N-well area 1 and a P-well area 2, and input to the basic cell is carried out through a diffused resistor area 8. The diffused resistor area 8 changes a resistance R in response to the interval between the contacts 6. When the delay times of the basic cell are dispersed by the wiring resistance, the resistance R of the diffused resistor area 8 is changed in order to reduce the dispersion of the delay times. Since the position of the contact 6 in the diffused resistor area 8 is changed after the wiring design, the arrangement and wiring design of a circuit element are not repeatedly performed as the conventional case, and the development period of a gate array semiconductor integrated circuit device is shortened.


Coding of the light-sheet in depth with different colors and recording with color-sensitive films or CCDcameras enables three-dimensional correlation analysis to obtain the out-of-plane velocity component in 3-D PIV. In the system used, two overlapping light-sheets of different color are recorded simultaneously and the particles' images of the separate sheets are discernible by color splitting. For only two successive exposures as usual in cross-correlation PIV, the resulting images allow for cross-wise plane-to-plane correlations between the separated sheets. This yields altogether three independent correlations. In addition to the usual procedure to obtain the in-plane component, one can determine the out-of-plane velocity component from the three correlation peak values by an appropriate fit of the correlation profile in depth to determine the maximum location with higher accuracy compared to previous methods. In addition, there is no need of a third exposure at a third moment which increases the accuracy for time-varying flows.


��������� � �� ���������� For many years, micro-organisms were considered individual organisms that primarily search for nutrients and multiply. Today we know that micro-organisms, which in nature often create complex communities, interact with each other. Cheese ripening is highly dependent on microbial interactions (Irlinger and Mounier 2009). However, only a few microbial interactions important for cheese ripening have been described, and the mechanisms underlying those are not well understood. The positive effects of microbial interactions not only assist in inhibition of undesired microorganisms including spoilage micro-organisms and food-borne pathogens, but also serve in the development of desired microorganisms, including starter cultures. An interesting aspect of microbial interactions is cell-cell communication, often referred to as quorum sensing (for extended reviews, see Ryan and Dow 2008; Ng and Bassler 2009; Raina et al. 2009). The general features of quorum sensing involve production, secretion and detection of signalling molecules. When micro-organisms grow, they produce signalling molecules which are secreted to the extracellular environment. The extracellular concentration of signalling molecules increases proportionally to cell density. When a critical threshold level of signalling molecules corresponding to a certain cell number is achieved, receptors bind the signalling molecules and trigger signal transduction cascades that result in synchronised changes in gene expression. Thus, quorum sensing allows a community of unicellular organisms to turn on group behaviours in a manner similar to multicellular organisms. For intraspecies communication (within the same species), Gram-negative bacteria produce acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signalling molecules. AHLs are composed of homoserine lactone (HSL) rings carrying acyl chains of various numbers of carbon and modifications. In contrast, Grampositive bacteria produce modified oligopeptides as signalling molecules for intraspecies communication. However, most of


In the present study, we tested the applicability of a push-pull-mooring(PPM) migration theory to airline selection process in order to more clearly understand customers" switching behavior in the aviation industry. Based on the extensive review of existing literature and open-ended survey, we identified a total of 4, 3, and 4 constituents of push, pull, and mooring factors, respectively. For the assessment of study constructs, well-validated measures were employed from previous studies and amended to be adequate in this research setting. Our survey questionnaire involving such measures, study description, and questions for personal characteristics was refined with a pre-tested with academics in hospitality and tourism. The data collected from a field survey at the Incheon international airport was utilized for analysis(n = 332). Overall, our empirical results from Structural Equation Modeling indicated that the proposed second-order framework provided an acceptable representation of the observed variables. In addition, our findings from the quantitative procedure revealed that such variables as low service quality, low satisfaction, and low trust acted as facilitators that push the customer away from the original airline; alternative attractiveness, offering opportunity of alternatives, and pricing benefit played an important role in pulling the customer to new competitive airlines; and high switching cost, low variety-seeking tendency, low prior switching experience and involuntary choice represented mooring factor in explicating switching behavior. Moreover, all the PPM categories showed significant effects on switching intention; and the impact of pull variable on switching intention was notable. Findings from this research can be effectively utilizable when developing strategies for airline customer retention.


In theory, multi-threadingan application can improve performance by executing multiple instruction streams simultaneously. In addition, they can simplify program structure by allowing each thread to execute synchronously rather than reactively or asynchronously. In practice, however, multithreaded applications often perform no better, or even worse, than single-threaded applications due to the overhead of acquiring and releasing locks [1]. In addition, threads are hard to program correctly due to subtle concurrency control protocols (e.g., avoiding race conditions and deadlock)[2]. This paper describes the Thread-Specific Storage pattern, which helps to alleviate several problems with thread performance and complexity. The Thread-Specific Storage pattern improves performance and simplifies multi-threaded applications by allowing multiple threads to use one logical access point to retrieve thread local data without incurring locking overhead for each access.


AIM To screen plasticizers type in free controlled release coating membranes of osmotic acrylic resin Eudragit RS100. METHODS The efficiency of plasticizations was evaluated with respect to different types and levels of plasticizers by measuring glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of membranes in the dry and wet state. The leaching of plasticizers in simulated intestinal fluid was investigated by a dissolution method and a horizontal diffusion cell method. The loss of plasticizers was determined by using accelerated tests method. RESULTS The glass transition temperatures of plasticized Eudragit RS100 membranes suggest that Eudragit RS100 has good compatible with plasticizers and that triacetin and dibutyl phthalate have stronger plasticizers efficiency. The mechanical properties of the polymeric membranes before and after hydrated vary markedly. The water soluble plasticizers leached from the membranes during exposure to the aqueous medium, while the water insoluble plasticizers were almost completely retained within the wet membranes. The plasticizers amounts in the membranes demonstrated a triacetin loss of 6 46% and a dibutyl phthalate loss of 0 29% from the initial amount added after 40 days in (40±1)℃ and 75% RH conditions. CONCLUSION The water insoluble plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate are more suitable to Eudragit RS100 controlled released coating membranes.


Constructing multi-energy complementary system is a promising way to promote the utilization of renewable energy. This paper proposes a novel method based on time series simulation technology to optimize capacity of battery energy storage system in the multi-energy complementary system with wind power, photovoltaic and concentrating solar power. An optimization model is established to maximize the equivalent uniform annual profit of the system with considering operation constraints of power plants and renewable energy curtailment rate. To make full use of complementary characteristics of the renewable energy, the power rating and battery storage capacity are then optimized coordinately based on hourly wind and solar power outputs in a year. Case studies are conducted on a multi-energy complementary system of China with wind power, photovoltaic, concentrating solar power and battery. Optimization results indicate that the proposed method can fully utilize the complementary characteristics and provide the optimal battery capacities. Sensitivity analyses also show that the proposed method can obtain the threshold of generation price for the project. Overall, the testing results verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.


In this study,molluscicidal activity of calcium oxide against Pomacea canaliculata was evaluated under laboratory conditions.According to the shell height(H),snails were divided into four groups including small size(5 mm≤H15 mm),medium size(15 mm≤H25 mm),large size(25 mm≤H35 mm) and extra large size(35 mm≤H45 mm).Experimental results showed that(1)The molluscicidal characteristic of calcium oxide was significant on Pomacea canaliculata,especially on the small and medium size of snail.After 6 days,except 0.05 g·L-1 treatment with 35% mortality,all other treatments resulted in above 70% mortality of Pomacea canaliculata.Furthermore,treatments of 0.20,0.50,1.00 g·L-1 and 2.00 g·L-1 killed Pomacea canaliculata completely;(2) The order of median inhibitive concentration(24 h) of calcium oxide on different sizes of snails was extra large size medium size and large size small size.Also,the order of median lethal concentration(24 h) on different sizes of snails of calcium oxide was extra large size large size medium size small size;(3) The inhibitive effect of calcium oxide on Pomacea canaliculata was stronger than the lethal effect greatly;the mean inhibitive effect of calcium oxide ranged from 0.06 g·L-1 to 0.22 g·L-1,and the mean lethal effect of calcium oxide ranged from 0.11 g·L-1 to 1.09 g·L-1.(4) After 12 h,SOD activities in the gills of Pomacea canaliculata were significantly decreased by 33% and 38% in the treatments of 0.50 g·L-1 and 2.0 g·L-1 respectively,compared with the control.In the experiment,calcium oxide showed toxic effect on Pomacea canaliculata to a certain extent,and it would be helpful in partly substituting the conventional chemical molluscicides in farming practice.


Investigation into the energy demand for cracking of palm nuts using static impact method was carried out. A nut cracking energy equipment was designed and constructed for the analysis. Fresh palm kernel nuts already dried to a moisture content of 10.42%wb ready for cracking were obtained from an oil mill and characterized into five categories based on their nominal diameter as follows d<12mm; 12mm≤d<15mm; 15mm≤d<17mm; 17mm≤d<19mm; 19mm≤d20mm. The nuts were subjected to cracking using the equipment developed and visual observation was used to assess the level of cracking as follows; completely cracked (CC), completely cracked with slight damage (CCD), cracked without nut separation (CWS), unable to crack (UC) and smashed (SM). The results show that efficiency for complete cracking of nuts without defects increased with increase in drop height to a peak (80 – 100%) and then decreased. Statistical analysis show that the cracking energy determined and cracking percentage have high linear correlation at (0.91, 0.82, 0.94, 0.81 and 0.74) and corresponding high coefficient of determination (0.836, 0.671, 0.889, 0.659, 0.5407) for the various size ranges with their t test showing high significance at 5% level of probability. It was also observed that cracking energies of 0.514; 0.709; 0.904; 1.294 and 1.787 J respectively were adequate to sufficiently crack palm nuts of the five size ranges respectively and release whole kernel. The results suggests the need to grade palm kernel nuts before cracking and the design of a nut cracker with a grading component before cracking to actualize minimal breakage of kernels.


Generating capacity reliability studies in interconnected systems normally consider the interconnecting facilities simply in terms of their transmission capabilities and only in certain cases include the associated probability of transmission unavailability. The unavailability parameter when included is usually a single steady state probability value. This paper illustrates the development of a relatively simple methodology to evaluate the unavailability associated with an underwater cable facility subject to repair restrictions due to climatic conditions. The probability of system unavailability is a periodic function which varies over the annual period and repeats each year. The techniques presented in this paper are not restricted to cable installations and can be utilized to include a wide range of physical conditions.


Two boreholes drilled into the sediment infill of the palaeo-Tamar rock valley during 1988 are analysed sedimentologically and palaeontologically. The palaeontology is predominantly concerned with foraminifera. The data, so obtained, are used to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental history of Plymouth Sound. The sedimentological correlation of the boreholes is poor, but the foraminiferal evidence makes for a good correlation of the environments represented by the cores. Six taxa of foraminifera are dominant, they define three sub-environments, the boundaries of which correlate almost perfectly with prominent seismic reflectors


It is shown that the impedance of a ferromagnetic metal near the antiresonance (FMAR) frequency is the sum of two terms. One term is determined by an electromagnetic wave that penetrates deeply into the metal, and it possesses a singularity characteristic of FMAR and is caused by frequency dispersion of the magnetic susceptibility. The nature of this singularity is elucidated under conditions of normal and of anomalous skin effect. The second term is due to a comparatively short spin wave; it contains an exchange constant and a quantity that describes the behavior of the magnetic moment near the surface. The second term does not involve the parameters that determine the conductivity of the metal. The separating out of a term that contains the singularity and is independent of spatial dispersion facilitates the use of FMAR for investigation of magnetic relaxation processes in metals.


Using Max Webers "verstehende" method I try to answer the question why the Dutch give aid, despite reasonable doubt on the effectiveness of of aid policy in general. I conclude with a chapter that, in line with the method, poses the hypothesis that social democratic norms, similar to those found in the wellfare state, are the reason behind the aid policy. I have accepted the hypothesis and therefore concluded Dutch aid is given because it is a projection of national norms internationally.


Dopaminergic neurotransmission plays an important role in many psychiatric disorders which show sex differences in incidence, clinical course, and treatment outcomes. We examined whether PET studies using [18F]fallypride performed prior to and following Alphamethylparatyrosine (AMPT) administration could be used to estimate sex differences in baseline Dopamine D2/D3 receptors (D2D3r) occupancy.


A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) and single strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP) assay were applied to rapidly detect the molecular variability in CP and SP genes among seven isolates of Rice stripe virus in China. The PCR results showed that the CP gene of JD isolate and SP gene of PJ isolate could not be amplified. SSCP analysis showed that there were completely different electrophoretic pattern of CP gene among six isolates. To SP gene, SSCP results also discovered polymorphisms. There were five patterns among these isolates, and the pattern of YL and BS isolates were same.


Dam break reasons and failure chains of small reservoirs are summarized with taking Shatian Reservoir for an example.FTA analysis model of dam break is built.Dam break probability of reservoir is calculated under different temporal scenes.Then risk factors for influence of dam break and main strategies of preventing dam break are analyzed.The results show that Shatian Reservoir does not appear dam break events in future 40 years.Strengthening risk management has positive meanings to control reservoirs impounding level and prevent dam break risk.


The official SNACC meeting commenced in the afternoon on Thursday, October 9, with 4 independent sessions conducted concurrently. For the first time, SNACC hosted an Emergency Neurologic Life Support (ENLS) Workshop that was moderated by Drs. Ines Koener, Michael "Luke" James, and Abhijit Lele. This session provides the information necessary to attain certification in ENLS by the Neurocritical Care Society. This course introduced attendees to a multidisciplinary approach to the management of a variety of severe neurological conditions such as stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury. Attendees were introduced to protocols, checklists, decision points, and communication skills that can be critical in improving patient outcomes in the first few hours following a neurological emergency. Attendees had the option to take the certification test for ENLS at the conclusion of the session. Dr. George Mashour moderated the Basic Science Symposium that focused on issues related to the neuroscience of emergence from general anesthesia. This session familiarized attendees with some fundamental concepts and novel data related to the neurobiology of the transition to wakefulness following anesthesia. Topics addressed in this session were neural inertia and the neurobiology of emergence. Dr. Max Kelz discussed how emergence from anesthesia differs mechanistically from induction of anesthesia. This was followed by a discussion of the dynamics of anesthetic state transitions by Dr. Alex Proekt. Finally, Dr. Ken Solt discussed the physiology and pharmacology of the central nervous system dopaminergic system during emergence from anesthesia. The Mentoring Session was organized and moderated by Dr. Jeffrey Pasternak. The session was aimed at residents, fellows, and junior faculty and was designed to provide advice on how to develop and conduct a clinical research project. The session began with a box lunch allowing for informal discussion among attendees, speakers, and the SNACC Board of Directors. The session consisted of lectures by 4 speakers: Dr. William Lanier provided advice on how to develop a good idea for a clinical research project and find a mentor, Dr. Stacie Deiner discussed how to organize a project and design an appropriate study to test the proposed hypothesis, Dr. Eric Heyer addressed how to find funding for the project, and Dr. Matthew Chan gave attendees advice on dealing with exigencies when trying to bring a project to completion. The final afternoon session on Thursday was a Neuromonitoring Workshop organized and moderated by Drs. Antoun Koht, Tod Sloan, and Deepak Sharma. The goal of the session was to provide attendees information on basic sciences and practical aspects of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring of the nervous system as well as the use of transcranial Doppler sonography in the clinical setting. In addition to the moderators, faculty in this session included Drs. Linda Aglio, Laura Hemmer, Mary Herman, Leslie Jameson, Daniel Janik, Jeremy Lieberman, John McAuliffe, III, Gerhard Schneider, Kenneth Van Dyke, Karl Willmann, and Lawrence Wierzbowski. The session started with lectures that introduced the various monitoring modalities, including segments on pertinent neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, generation of signals, and interpretation of recorded data. This was followed by demonstrations of each monitoring modality where attendees had the opportunity to practice each technique. The session concluded with a discussion of a series of clinical scenarios and how various monitoring techniques can be used to potentially improve outcome. The final event of the evening on Thursday was the much anticipated Dinner Symposium supported by a grant from Masimo. Before the session, the cocktail hour was a great opportunity to catch up with old friends and colleagues. The session was organized and moderated by Dr. George Mashour and was entitled "Introduction to Electroencephalography (EEG) and Anesthesia." The Received for publication October 29, 2014; accepted October 30, 2014. From the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN. The author has no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose. Reprints: Jeffrey J. Pasternak, MS, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Avenue SW, Rochester, MN 55905 (e-mail: email@example.com). Copyright r 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. SNACC MEETING REPORT


The electromagnetic transition between the nucleon and excited baryons has long been recognized as an important source of information for understanding strong interactions in the domain of quark confinement. We study the electromagnetic properties of the excitation of the negative parity the N*(1535) resonances in the nonrelativistic constituent quark model at large momentum transfers and have performed a calculation the longitudinal and transverse helicity amplitudes. Since the helicity amplitudes depend strongly on the quark wave function in this paper, we consider the baryon as a simple, non-relativistically three-body quark model and also consider a hypercentral potential scheme for the internal baryon structure, which makes three-body forces among three quarks. Since the hyper central potential depends only on the hyper radius, therefore, the Cornell potential which is a combination of the Coulombic-like term plus a linear confining term is considered as the potential for interaction between quarks. In our work, in solving the Schrodinger equation with the Cornell potential, the Nikiforov–Uvarov method employed, and the analytic eigen-energies and eigen-functions obtained. By using the obtained eigen-functions, the transition amplitudes calculated. We show that our results in the range Q2>2GeV2 lead to an overall better agreement with the experimental data in comparison with the other three non-relativistic quark models.


From regional economics point,the paper analyzes the present characteristics,history development of the population,and population urbanization among China provinces.Statically,Chinas 'population urbanization is characterised by the majority approaching to population urbanization and of pre-urbanisation,distinctive differences among provinces,the level of population urbanization high in the east and low in the west.This results from the prolonged comprehensive impacts of such factors as in Chinas 'nature,economy,society and culture and reflects the reality.It especially has the interior relationship with the regional total productivity.The author classifies those regions with high-level population urbanization into three: the urban-regional type(including three municipalities like Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin),the opening-to-the-outside-world type(including four provinces like Guangdong,Zhejiang,Fujian,Jiangsu),and the old-industrial-base type(including such three provinces as Liaoning,Heilongjiang,and Jilin).Dynamically,the author classifies the 31 provinces,municipalities and regions into three major dynamic types of population urbanization which are: high-speed growing type(the level of population urbanization in 2000 has risen 20% than that in 1999),the medium-speed growing type(5,20),and the low-speed growing type(≤5).The basic characteristics of each type have been analysed.Also the speed of Chinas 'population urbanization and the forming mechanism of differences among provinces are discussed from the view of the economic growing speed,the growing force,and the developing stages.The author believes that China has entered the stage of the population urbanization development driven by both the secondary industry and the tertiary industry,thereby putting forward the relative conclusions and some suggestions.


Composite coatings of PTFE/PEEK (Polytetrafluoroethylene/Polyetheretherketone) were prepared by electrostatic powder spraying method. The factors were investigated on the preheating temperature and working temperature by the orthogonal experimental method. The results show that 250°C preheating temperature and 100°C working temperature are better conditions for playing good performance of PTFE/PEEK coatings.


Science has lots of developed many means to measure and monitor economic and social phenomena, processes, and environmental conditions; now we want to measure sustainability. The first step is to make an exact definition of sustainability. The definition made by the Brundtland Commission defines it in terms of needs and limitations. Sustainable growth is only possible with harmonic development. Harmonic development is based on three ideas: social forms, economical level, and carrying capacity of a natural system. Economical efficiency determines social relationships, and these are limited by the carrying capacity of natural systems. For the sake of my research I analyzed mainstream scientific authorities. The Canadian National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy created six sustainability indicators. A US company called Sustainable Measures defined ten measurable interaction factors for sustainable development. The Global Report Initiative used triple bottom line in the assessment. In my thesis I survey and compare these methods, and make a proposal regarding practicable routines for European companies.
Keywords: sustainability, sustainability indicators, measurement


This experimental study aimed to assess the effects of pair programming pedagogy in an introductory programming course at a public university in Thailand. There were total 65 undergraduate students participated in two sections; 31students in solo section and 34 students in paired section. Results indicated that pair programming students performed better on lab assignments and examinations than their solo counterparts. Moreover, pair programming created a laboratory environment conductive to more active learning and enjoyable than traditional labs. Students and lab assistant reported labs to be more productive and less frustrating.


In this paper we consider the restricted matrix equation where A∊Cm×n B∊Cm×p , and T is a subspace of Cn . We give a necessary and sufficient condition for (3.1) to have a unique solution, and establish several representations and more condensed Cramer rules for the unique solution or the general solution of (3.1). Moreover, we give representations and Cramer rules for important generalized inverses of matrices, and give those for solution of a restricted linear equations and for solution of a general restricted matrix equation . Our results improve and extend the related those obtained in references [1-6, 8, 10, 12].


Conformity toward the majority choice among a user's friends on a social-networking site first decreases and then increases with the adoption rate of that choice.


Objective:To estimate the effects of intermittent pneumatic soft-tissue compression on Fracture-Healing in an animal model.Methods:Thirty big ear rabbits were divided into two groups based on random samples to constitute the Fracture-Healing animal model.On the fourth day after surgery,their legs were intermittently pneumatic compressed for one hour in 25 days.Every two weeks,radiology examination and the measurement on the bone mine,the area of bone callus,and bone desity in single photon absorbing were performed.After eight weeks,we estimated the density of bones on biology mechanics and did to optics microscope check.Result:The result of X ray showed that the study group had more bone callus than those in the controll group.The result of the single photon absorptiometry showed that the study group had distincly added in the bone mine,the area of bone callus,and bone density had improved characteristics of bones on biology mechanics.The result of the histology had showed that the trabeculae in bone callus in the study group had a regular form,the trabeculae was wide and had a more become osteoblast around them.Conclusion:The intermittent pneumatic soft-tissue compression can significantly accelerate the he healing of fracture.


Different meanings can be attributed to STEM education, which is the trend approach of recent years, by societies and individuals. In order to understand the STEM approach in the mind of the individual, it is necessary to learn the perspective of STEM education or STEM disciplines. It is necessary to determine the STEM identity of female individuals, especially because of the differences between men and women who prefer STEM professions or their perspectives on STEM disciplines. In this research, it is aimed to determine the identity of the disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in female individuals. Within the scope of this aim, 125 female students studying child development were reached. Data were collected online with a short-answer form. In this form, the reasons for being a scientist, technologist, engineer or mathematician were asked. As a result of the analysis of the data, it is understood that almost half of the participants stated that they wanted to be scientists and engineers, and nearly half of them stated that they could be technology experts. In addition, it was determined that very few of them believed that they could be mathematicians. When the reasons for these data are examined, it is understood that they determine their identities in these disciplines due to reasons such as love, interest, curiosity, research, intelligence, willingness, and using their imagination. Likewise, it is understood that they cannot choose these disciplines due to reasons such as fear, anxiety, competence and unwillingness.


Objective:To investigate the changes of the NT-3 expression in sacral cord with cauda equina compressed injury at the different times.Methods: Compressed cauda equina injury model of rat was established.One day,seven days and twenty-one days after operation,rats were anesthetized by overdose pentobarbital sodium.The sacral cord was obtained and fixed after cardiac perfusion,and 5 μm coronal sections were colored with the method of immunohistochemistry by using anti-rabbit NT-3 antibody.The number of NT-3 positive neurons was determined.Results:NT-3 positive products were mainly distributed in cytoplasm.The number of NT-3 positive neurons in the ventral horn in 7d group and 21d group after cauda equine injury was significantly increased compared with that of the normal group and 24 h group;the number of positive neurons in the dorsal horn was progressively decreased in 1d and 7d group,whereas the number of NT-3 positive neurons in 21d group was significantly higher than that of the normal group(P0.05).Conclusion:NT-3 not only participats in the normal physiological function of spinal cord,but also may play a role in the early repairment of compressed spinal cord injury.


We investigated the adsorption properties of propylene and propane on olefin-selective Ag-X membrane and discussed the contribution of adsorption selectivity to propylene/propane separation performance through this membrane. The isotherms of propylene and propane on Ag-X membranes were measured in unary systems at 313 K. The amount of propylene adsorbed on Ag-X membrane at a lower pressure increased remarkably compared with that on Na-X membrane. Such a change of adsorption property could induce excellent separation property for the Ag-X membrane. We compared the adsorption properties in a binary system calculated based on the Markham-Benton approach with the results of a permeation test. The molar fractions of propylene in the adsorbed phase in the binary system provided good agreement with propylene purity on the permeation side of the Ag-X membrane. These results clearly show that permeation selectivity of the Ag-X membrane for propylene/propane mixture is mainly governed by adsorption selectivity.


A preliminary study was made of the freeze-drying of steaks 6–18 mm thick, at sample temperatures from 38 to 98 C and under total dryer pressures from 20 to 2000 μ, from pre- and postrigor, quick- ...