The level of society welfare is a shared hope in advancing a region. The welfare indicators of an area depend on economic growth that affects the income level and the level of regional development progress. The aim of this study is to determine the multivariate regression analysis in measuring level of the society welfare and know the factors that affect the level of society welfare in South Sulawesi. The research method used is applied research multivariate regression analysis with selection the smalles KICC ( Kullback's Information Criterion Corrected ) value on the economic field.The result of multivariate regression analysis with KICCmethod that the correlation between the predictor variables of income percentage from taxes, retribution, acceptanceof natural resource, investment, balancing fund and development fund to the percentage of regional income, economic growth, significant simultaneously. While partially, the results of acceptanceof natural resource do not significantly affect the percentage of regional income, economic growth and the level of regional progress, so that regional income from the natural resource results needadded again in improving public's welfare. The level of accuracy of information data predictor variable to respont variabel in the multivariate regression isor 97,29%.


This is a simple report on an educational experiment recently carried out in a German course at Bard College. This experiment grew out of a conviction that the discipline and glamour of radio can supply the kind of stimulation and training which might effectively supplement other classroom devices for raising language study from the often dull routine of book learning to the level of a lively and fruitful experience.


A simulation study of the precision of image matching based on the least squares and cross-correlation methods is being carried out on a variety of simulated images of typical objects on digitized photographs or satellite data. The tests in this paper will demonstrate the precision of image matching by both methods, and also the factors which influence the precision such as the amount of detail in the image, the size of the detail, the image quality, image geometry and quantization level. As the method is based on simulated images with known positions of the centres of both image windows, a reliable estimate of the precision of the matching is possible.


This paper describes parallel linear solvers of LSOR and preconditioned ORTHOMIN (K) on parallel computer based on T800 Transputers and SUN workstation cluster ( with Ethernet network). Both Algorithms show a high degree of parallel efficiency on Transputers, whereas only full implicit method and large petroleum reservoir problems can observe a high efficiency on SUN workstation cluster. The key issure in parallelization of reservoir simulator on workstation cluster is the improvement of communication speed.


Abstract Two trials were conducted to determine floor space requirements of guinea fowl from day-old to 12 weeks of age. Keets hatched at this station were placed in litter floor pens at densities of .07, .09, and .11 m2 per bird. Body weight and feed consumption data were taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age. Best performance was obtained with the floor space allowance of .09 m2 per bird.


This paper empirically researches on external motivations of R&D outsourcing by multiple regression analysis. The results show that the market environment changes, the attitude of governments and international organizations and relevant policies and economic globalization is respectively positively related with R & D outsourcing, receives strongly support. But the development of information technology positively related with R & D outsourcing has not been strongly supported. The results provide significant implications to management of R & D outsourcing enterprises.


Facing the fact that "love is a part of college life",the key question is how to guide,education and help students.Higher vocational colleges should actively care about the love life of students;through the ideals,beliefs and love view education,individual counseling,network consulting,love frustration intervention,etc.,colleges should promptly correct the improper love concepts and acts,ease the contradictions and disputes,and guide students to objectively,calmly and correctly examine their love status and concepts,so as to establish correct love views.


Becker's criticisms and comments (Becker 1984) are, in general, constructive and interesting, but they are not all valid, and in some instances are a result of a misreading of my article. The phenomenon of high gut pH in some insect species, mainly lepidoptera, and tannin-protein dissociation has never been clearly linked as cause and effect (Van Sumere et al. 1975; Berenbaum 1980). To my knowledge, it is, and remains a speculation. Until someone does the appropriate experiments, high gut pH may or may not be an evolutionary response of some insects to plant tannins. I fail to understand how postulating hydrolysis of tannins by gut enzymes is a generalized mechanism since specific tannin-enzyme complexes would presumably be formed in any event. It is hard to see such interactions as a generalized mechanism not subject to natural selection. Becker is right when he takes me to task for using tight and rapid binding of tannins and protein alone as evidence of specificity. Almost in the same breath, however, I state that this method of recognizing potential specificity is not infallible. My point was that it provides a way to get a handle experimentally on the possible importance of tannin-protein specificity. Whether it will work efficaciously is another question. The important point is to do experiments and not talk to death whether or not something has a certainty of being probable a priori. Concerning the question of the number of different hydrolyzable tannins in a plant species, that is not so easily answered as Becker assumes. Published work on this point is seldom exhaustive, the limitation always being the concentration of these molecules as they are found in nature. I concede that "plethora" was not a good word to use. What probably hurt the most, however, was the quotation from Twain. Since it is commonly known that he was in league with the Devil, I will try to ignore his deductions about science.


Establishing suitable in vitro culture conditions for microorganisms is crucial for dissecting their biology and potential applications. However, a significant number of bacterial and fungal species, including Pneumocystis jirovecii, remain unculturable, hampering research efforts. Pneumocystis is a deadly pathogen of humans that causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals and transplant patients. Despite its major impact on human health, we remain ignorant about the pathobiology of this fungus, largely because its experimental dissection is constrained by the inability to culture Pneumocystis in vitro. In this study, we present a comprehensive in silico genome-scale metabolic model of Pneumocystis growth and metabolism, aiming to identify metabolic requirements and imbalances that hinder its growth in vitro. We utilise recently published genome data, available information in the literature as well as bioinformatics and software tools to develop and validate the model. We also employ Flux Balance Analysis and Machine Learning approaches to make important predictions regarding metabolic flux to predict critical components of the Pneumocystis growth medium. Our findings offer insights into the biology of Pneumocystis and provide a novel strategy to overcome the longstanding challenge of culturing this pathogen in vitro.


Reverberation chamber (RC) test facility allows to determine the absorbing cross section (ACS) of lossy materials under a random fleld excitation. Measurements are based on the quality factor variation produced by the sample under test presence with respect to the empty chamber condition. Simulations are based on the representation of the RC electromagnetic fleld by means of a random plane wave superposition. A flnite-difierence time-domain code is used to compute the material absorbed power and to recover a numerical ACS. The method sensibility is stressed by application to small size samples. Comparison between numerical and experimental data reveals a satisfactory agreement. Results for difierent materials are presented in the paper: soft foam absorbers, carbon foam sheets, and carbon/carbon sheets.


This paper employs micro-level data to determine the factors characterizing individuals who evade payroll and income taxation in Estonia. Using logit estimation on three different cross-sectional datasets, we estimate the marginal effects of different individual characteristics on tax evasion. The three datasets give broadly analogous results. Payroll and income tax evasion is most prevalent in small firms and in the construction and agricultural sectors. Evasion is more common among individuals who work part-time, are of non-Estonian ethnicity, have relatively short education, earn a low income and are men. Tax evasion is more frequent among the young and the elderly than among the middle-aged. There are clear regional differences. The overall picture is that the relatively disenfranchised are most likely to evade payroll and income taxation in Estonia.


The story of Nurse Cavell has been told many times, most recently by Souhami and previously in this journal by John Ford. In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, Cavell had spent seven years as the founding principal of the first school of nursing in Belgium. As a result of her dedication and diplomacy, the school was now providing well-trained nurses for three hospitals and three nursing homes. The school in Brussels had gained an excellent reputation and was about to move into larger premises. Then, Germany invaded Belgium and, overnight, Cavell's world and that of those around her disintegrated into chaos and horror. It was all a far cry from her orderly and secure upbringing in the vicarage of an English village. There she had been indoctrinated with the Victorian values of duty and hard work and with the Christian ethic of alleviating suffering and of service, especially to the poor. After working as a governess, she found her vocation in nursing which provided the practical expression of her Christian duty and faith. At that time nursing made immense demands on its practitioners with long hours of work, much of it menial, and the requirement for study and examinations. The demands were all the greater on those like Cavell who spent the first 10 years of her career working in the poorest and most destitute areas of London. Her colleagues noted her unremitting attention to detail and her aspiration to excellence. She put the interests of others before her own and never spared herself. She wanted little for herself, eating and living modestly. Even as a school principal her rooms were sparsely furnished. Her manner was reserved, and a matron with whom she had worked as assistant matron for two years wrote that she never knew anyone who really got to know Edith Cavell. As she became more senior she expected obedience from those junior to her, as was customary at the time, but she was by no means a martinet. Rather, she inspired devotion among both patients and colleagues. In her lectures to students she insisted that care of the patient must be imbued with compassion and she emphasised that devotion to their vocation would bring its own rewards. There was no demarcation in her own life between her nursing and such private life as she allowed herself. Wounded soldiers who arrived at the school's hospital were given the same care irrespective of nationality because Cavell insisted that nursing recognised no frontiers. However, the Germans soon made their own arrangements for their wounded. Cavell then moved beyond the provision of nursing care by assisting allied soldiers to cross the border into neutral Holland. She became an important part of two escape networks and helped fugitives from the Germans whether they were wounded or healthy. Before the war, Cavell had refused to tell even minor lies but now she lied to the German authorities and created fictitious medical records for healthy soldiers who she disguised as Belgian civilians. She felt justified in her deceit because she did not recognise the moral authority of the oppressive and ruthless German military regime which, according to Cardinal Mercier, had shot thousands of innocent civilians by Christmas 1914 and had ruined the lives of millions more. She avoided direct involvement of her nurses but must have known that the Germans could take reprisals against them. Perhaps even more questionable was her decision that the circumstances also took precedence over the neutrality of the Red Cross to which her hospital was affiliated; but Cavell knew of 10 British soldiers who had been shot when their hiding place was discovered. The miller who had hidden them was also shot and his family sent as prisoners to Germany. Her compassion for those in such peril merged seamlessly with patriotic duty. The scale of her involvement made discovery inevitable. In nine months, she helped several hundred people to escape and at one time there were up to 80 fugitives hiding in the school; but as long as there were people at risk she continued with her work, although she knew that the net was closing in on her. She remained calm even though she expected to be arrested. In prison, she maintained her composure. Selfless as ever, she was more concerned about her colleagues and her elderly mother than about herself. 'I am quite well', she wrote, 'more worried about the school than my own fate.' Even when sentenced to death she


Tribological behaviors under various loads of laser gridding quenched Sulfuration layer(SLD layer) and laser gridding quenched Sulfuration/Nanoparticles compound Layer(NLD layer) were investigated by using a MFT-R4000 machine.The worn surface morphology,elements and chemical valence states were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.The results show that the NLD layer,which had friction coefficient of 0.075 under dry friction condition,showed better friction-reduction property than SLD layer under heavy load,and longer service lifetime under light load.A tribo-chemical reaction film was composed of sulfide,sulfate and oxide was observed.The n-SiO2particles may served as micro/nano rolling-ball on friction surface.


The bright X-ray binary X2127 + 119 in the core of the globular cluster M15 has long been thought to be in an unusual evolutionary state, in which the binary is embedded in a common envelope. Support for this idea comes from the absorption lines of X2127 + 119, which are blueshifted at all orbital phases, indicating the existence of outflows from the system. A common-envelope scenario implies that the absorption lines should exhibit maximum blueshift near mid-eclipse (binary phase 0.0). We have re-analysed Isaac Newton Telescope spectra of X2127 + 119 obtained in 1986, 1987 and 1988 using the latest orbital ephemeris (substantially different from that used in the original analysis), and find that the orbital phase at which the absorption lines show a maximum blueshift is not 0.0, but rather 0.25-0.3. These results indicate that a common-envelope scenario for X2127 + 119 may not work. In addition, from spectrograms of the He II λ4686 line, we report the first tentative detection of the companion star of X2127 + 119.


In the under-developed areas, peasants′ working partly increases their income and lessens the employing pressure. Governments emphasis its advantages but neglect the disadvantages and influence: GDP and revenue loses, hinders on the economy development in the rural areas and city construction process and the education and human power influences in the locality.


Maize is the staple food crop in hilly areas of Nepal. Drought stress is one of the most important crop growth limiting factors leading to lower crop productivity in these areas. Maize seedlings are susceptible to drought stress. Nine lines (Arun-2, NML-1, Rampur Composite, RL-100, RL-105, Rl-106, RL-197, RML-18 and RML-8) of maize obtained from National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to study their tolerance to drought stress. An experiment was designed to study their drought tolerance by subjecting to four levels of osmotic potential (0, -5, -10 and -15 bar) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 in two factor completely randomized design with three replication at Biotechnology Division, National Agricultural Research Institute, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. Effects of different levels of PEG 6000 were found significant on all traits studied viz. Germination rate (%), Speed of germination, Root length, Shoot length, Root Shoot ratio, Seedling length, Seedling fresh weight, Seedling dry weight and Vigor index. Line Arun-2 was recorded as best performer followed by Rampur Composite and RL-105 for all the traits analyzed. Lines RL-100, RL-106, RL-197, RML-18 and RML-8 showed poor performance under the same levels of PEG induced drought stress. Furthermore, the results also showed that maize manifests better genetic expression such as drought tolerance under severe moisture stress conditions in soil. Therefore, Lines Arun-2, Rampur Composite and RL- 105 are suggested for varietal improvement program for drought stress conditions.


A semicombustible plasma generator (SCPG), including a special tubular semicombustible medium, is introduced to improve the discharge property of the plasma generator and enhance the electrothermal–chemical (ETC) launch efficiency. The new structure of SCPG is mixed with both capillary plasma generator (CPG) and discharge rod plasma generator (DRPG). After the design and simulation, the electrical characteristics of this SCPG are discussed with both static test and dynamic tests. Results show that the SCPG is a resistive load with low inductance, which has stable and consistent electrical parameters. With the increase of discharge voltage, the peak current of SCPG is increased and the equivalent resistance of SCPG is decreased. The peak voltage is nearly 1.3 kV and the pulse current bottom width is more than 3.5 ms. Compared with the DRPG, the load characteristics of SCPG are in a stable and consistent trend during the pulsed discharge process as the same as DRPG. Also, the SCPG has longer stable working times and better stable working parameters and performance. This SCPG will promote the interaction between the plasma and propellants in the chamber.


N this study, the feasibility of using a simple shock tube, without modifications to enhance the quenching rate, is explored. Such a simple shock tube is used to study the pyrolysis of methane as a step in studying reaction rates of hydrocarbons in, processes involving combustion and formation of air pollutants. The shock tube was operated in the tailored interface mode, and the reaction temperature ranged from 1,650 to 2,100 K, with a total reaction pressure up to 6.4xlO5 Pascal.The chemical reaction occurred behind the reflected shock wave, near the end wall of the test section. A sampling system was developed to allow a sample of product gas to be withdrawn from the test section before it was contaminated by the driver gas. A correction for finite quenching rate was developed and applied in this study as well as an error analysis. Contents The driven section of the shock tube was a rectangularshaped aluminum duct 8.54 m long. The inside dimensions were 7.62 x 15.22 cm. The driver section was a cylindrical tube 1.83 m long with an inside diameter of 17.8 cm. Further details of this shock tube are included in Ref. 1. The rate constants for the methane pyrolysis reaction reported in the literature differ from one another significantly. 2-6 The most recent study6 of this reaction in the shock tube was accomplished using optical methods to follow the progress of the reaction. The rate constant from that study is nearly an order of magnitude smaller than that reported in earlier studies in which the direct sampling of the reaction products was used. To summarize the results known to data on the pyrolysis of methane, it is clear that the reaction follows first-order kinetics with an apparent activation energy of 398±42 x 10 "3 J/mol (95 ± 10 kcal/mol) and a frequency factor of 2.5±1 x 1013. There does appear to be some pressure effect on the reaction rate, although there is not complete agreement on the extent. A satisfactory reaction mechanism has yet to be established, particularly at temperatures below 2,100 K. Sampling System: The progress of reactions studies in this investigation followed by extracting from the shock tube a quenched sample of the reaction gas mixture at a certain time and analyzing it by means of a gas chromotograph to determine its composition. The sampling system to accomplish this


RESULTS Hypofractionated WBI increased from 10.6% (95% CI, 8.8%-12.5%) in 2008 to 34.5% (95% CI, 32.2%-36.8%) in 2013 in the hypofractionation-endorsed cohort and from 8.1% (95% CI, 6.0%-10.2%) in 2008 to 21.2% (95% CI, 18.9%-23.6%) in 2013 in the hypofractionation-permitted cohort. Adjusted mean total health care expenditures in the 1 year after diagnosis were $28 747 for hypofractionated and $31 641 for conventional WBI in the hypofractionationendorsed cohort (difference, $2894; 95% CI, $1610-$4234; P < .001) and $64 273 for hypofractionated and $72 860 for conventional WBI in the hypofractionation-permitted cohort (difference, $8587; 95% CI, $5316-$12 017; P < .001). Adjusted mean total 1-year patient out-of-pocket expenses were not significantly different between hypofractionated vs conventional WBI in either cohort.


tive state-centred welfare, active labour market policies and energetic programs of education, training and job creation (p. 178). He is a champion of moral collectivism-moral collectivisation of responsibility for one another's well-being. Translating this into policy determinations can be achieved by distinguishing two kinds of responsibility--one a forward looking, task-oriented responsibility; the other a backward looking, blame allocating responsibility. He argues that this material difference is important, for public policy too often conflates the two sorts of responsibility with consequences that are 'catastrophically nonsensical and utterly indefensible' (p. 151). Goodin's arguments are not only morally but practically convincing, for he elaborates the impossibility of indiscriminate social reform arguments by examining experiences of a range of social welfare claimants. His arguments on the plight of single parents are particularly useful in the


Abstract A Japan-United States Seminar on Catalysis was held in Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan, on May 5–10, 1968. The seminar was organized on the Japanese side by Professors Osaki and Morikawa of the Tokyo Institute of Technology and on the United States side by John Turkevich of Princeton University. The seminar was sponsored by the United States-Japanese Scientific Cooperation Program initiated by President Kennedy and Premier Saito. The program is administered in the United States by the National Science Foundation, with Dr. Walter Hodge, Director, and Richard S. Riess, Staff Associate. On the Japanese side, it was administered by the Japanese Society for Promotion of Research.


In the presence of Sncl4.5H2O catalyst,propionice acid and isopentanol reacted to form Isoamyl propionate. The optimum conditions were as follows: 0.2mol n-propionic acid; molar ratio of isopentanol to n-propionice acid:1:3:1; mass of catalyst:2.0g; reaction time:60min. Under these conditions the yield of isoamyl propionate was 92.3%. Experimental results showed that the catalyst had many advantages, such as high activity, good stability, easy preparation, low cost, easy post-treatment process and no need of using taking-water agent. It was also non-corrosive and non-pollutant to the environment, and it could be used repeatedly.


A series of nonporous glasses and glass materials designed with controlled surface ion activities to allow chemical bonding to bone are described. Surface reactivities of these materials in vitro are correlated with biological activities in vivo and in tissue culture. Direct chemical bonding of the materials to bone is demonstrated. The mechanism for development of this bond is through the production of an amorphous ion surface gel on the bioglass. This gel induces osteogenesis by a chemotactic response of osteoblasts.


Significance An efficient innate immune response is essential in the host's immune protection during infection before adaptive immunity intervenes. We show that the earliest neutrophil infiltration to the lymph node via high endothelial venules is facilitated by lymph flow via delivering chemokines (i.e., Chemokine [C-X-C motif] 1/2 [CXCL1/2]) from the site of infection, which is much faster and more efficient than delivering lymphatic trafficking cells. Lymphatic dysfunction during skin inflammation impairs neutrophil migration and bacteria clearance. Our finding demonstrates the significance of lymph flow in innate immune protection and explains how preexisting inflammation conditions, such as dermatitis, can compromise lymph flow and result in higher risk and prolonged infections.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloidosis of brain tissues. This phenomenon is studied with genetically-modified mouse models. We propose a method to quantify amyloidosis in whole 5xFAD mouse brains, a model of AD. We use optical projection tomography (OPT) and a random forest voxel classifier to segment and measure amyloid plaques. We validate our method in a preliminary cross-sectional study, where we measure 6136 ± 1637, 8477 ± 3438, and 17267 ± 4241 plaques (AVG ± SD) at 11, 17, and 31 weeks. Overall, this method can be used in the evaluation of new treatments against AD. © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement


Cross sections for the reaction 208Pb( e,e'p) have been measured with the continuous electron beam from the Amsterdam Pulse-Stretcher facility at NIKHEF-K. The spectral function has been extracted for protons with initial momenta of 300 to 500 MeVlc and binding energies up to 26 MeV. The data are compared to calculations with and without inclusion of nucleonnucleon correlations. Mean-field predictions significantly underestimate the data and the discrepancy increases with binding energy. For transitions to the valence states the discrepancy is removed by introducing long-range correlations. Above the two-nucleon emission threshold long-range and short-range correlations reduce the discrepancy, but are insufficient to fully account for the measured strength. Nucleon-nucleon (NN) correlations in atomic nuclei manifest themselves [ 1,2] in the spectral function at high nucleon momenta. To study NN-correlations in a heavy nucleus, the reaction 208Pb(e,e'p) has been measured at initial proton momenta up to 500 MeV/c. For transitions corresponding to the removal of a proton from a valence orbital 131, the observed excess strength over the mean-field value appears to be mainly due to long-range correlations (LRC) , whereas the calculated effect of short-range correlations (SRC) is considerably less. This is in agreement with the work of Miither and Dickhoff [ 41, who have demonstrated in their calculations of the 160 spectral function, that SRC's hardly affect the valence transitions but grow in importance with increasing binding energy. A similar increase of high-momentum components with binding energy is observed in calculations of the spectral function of correlated nuclear matter [ 1,5]. In order to investigate the predicted binding-energy dependence of the high-momentum components of the spectral function we have measured the reaction "*Pb (e,e'p) up to a proton binding energy of 26 MeV. The measurement was performed simultaneously with the one discussed in Ref. 131. 0370-2693/95/$09.50 @ 1995 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved SSDIO370-2693(95)00528-5 I. Bobeldijk et al. /Physics Letters B 353 (199.5) 32-38 33 the experimental details of the present experiment have been presented in Ref. [ 31, only the most relevant features are repeated here. The experiment was carried out with the electron beam from the Amsterdam Pulse-Stretcher (AmPS) facility at NIKHEFK [ 61. The duty factor of the beam was about 50 %. The scattered electron and knocked-out proton were measured in coincidence by two magnetic spectrometers [ 71. The central values of the experimentally probed missing momenta (pm) (which in plane-wave impulse-approximation (PWIA) can be identified as the initial momenta of the ejected protons and for brevity are further referred to as momenta) are 145, 340,400 and 495 MeV/c, where the acceptance covers a range of approximately 60 MeV/c. The data between 340 and 495 MeVIe were measured under kinematical conditions where the center of the acceptance corresponded to fixed values of the three-momentum transfer (q=221 MeV/c), energy transfer (w=l 10 MeV) and proton kinetic energy (T,/=lOO MeV). The acceptance in excitation energy (E,) of the residual nucleus was 18 MeV. A double-foil '08Pb target with a total thickness of 87.4 f 2.8 mg/cm* was used to double the luminosity and simultaneously maintain the E, resolution at 180 keV. The total systematic uncertainty in the cross sections amounts to 6 %. In Fig. 1 three spectra are displayed of the reduced cross section ard at mean momenta of 145, 340 and 495 MeV/c. The quantity ure,-J is defined as the sixfold differential cross section divided by the off-shell electron-proton cross section a$ due to De Forest [ 81, and by the appropriate kinematical factor. Accidental coinbidences have been subtracted in the spectra, the experimental phase space has been accounted for, and the spectra have been corrected for radiative processes [ 91. It is evident from Fig. 1 that the relative importance of the continuum with respect to the valence transitions (En < 2.25 MeV) increases with increasing momentum. Four experimental momentum distributions, p(pnl,p'), have been obtained by integrating Lr,,d over E, in the ranges [ -0.75,2.25], [2.25,7.25], [7.25,12.75] and [ 12.75,18.25] MeV. The boundary of 2.25 MeV represents the limit below which only discrete transitions to valence states in 207T1 are observed, while the boundary of 7.25 MeV corresponds closely to the value of the two-nucleon emission thresholds (E$J'=7.37 MeV and Er=6.84 MeV). The 1 I I 0.010 I 470 c p, -C 520 MeVlc -


This paper defines a new fundamental, conceptual component of an information system. This component, together with the principles of systems-theoretical control structure and linguistic abstraction, is employed in constructing a universal hierarchical framework for the information activities in an organization. The framework lays the foundations for the analysis, modelling and evaluation of different kinds of informations systems, and their positions and relations of information activities in an organization. It thus offers a comprehensive model of information systems and a basis for research problem settings on all framework levels, e.g., on the information systems development (ISD) level and the ISD model construction level. The framework is shown to compete favorably with the earlier frameworks constructed by ANSI, ISO, Ives, et al., Nolan and Wetherbe, and Zahran.


The article is about aripiprazole – an atypical antipsychotic that is registered in Poland for the treatment of schizophrenia in individuals aged ≥15 years, and moderate to severe manic episodes in the course of bipolar disorder type I in adolescents aged ≥13 years in the treatment lasting up to 12 weeks. The paper discusses the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety of aripiprazole in the paediatric population. Aripiprazole acts as a partial agonist of the dopamine D 2 receptor and the serotonin 5HT 1A receptor. Aripiprazole pharmacokinetics in humans is linear and proportional to the dose range of 5–30 mg. In children and adolescents aged 10–17 years, the pharmacokinetic profile is comparable to that observed in adults, after the adjustment for body weight. The article also contains a review of research on the clinical efficacy of aripiprazole in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, hyperkinetic disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, tics and aggressive behaviours in children and adolescents. Aripiprazole evaluated in clinical trials among children and adolescents has shown a good safety and tolerability profile. The incidence and type of side effects of aripiprazole in the paediatric population are essentially similar to those observed in adults. However, by contrast with adults, adolescents treated with aripiprazole may more often develop such side effects as drowsiness, sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms, dry mouth, increased appetite, and orthostatic hypotension. Aripiprazole may play an important role in the treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents because of its favourable metabolic profile. niedociśnienie metabolicznego psychiatrycznych Słowa kluczowe: aripiprazol, dzieci, farmakologia, atypowy neuroleptyk, farmakokinetyka


The Internet has tremendously facilitated the exchange of health care information among users for their different personal health care needs and well-being issues. Previous researches mostly focused on finding answers or potential answerers to facilitate the interactions in CQA and most of them worked with open domain. Although researchers have long examined ways to augment questions and answering systems in medical domain, most of them focused on clinicians' use of the systems rather than general users. This study examines (1) What are the features and classification techniques useful to predict whether a CQA question can obtain answers from experts? (2) Can the performance of the predict model benefit from the ensemble technique? To what extent can the ensemble strategies improve the system performance?


This article is available from http://www.labmedonline.org 2013, Laboratory Medicine Online This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: Magicplex HepaTrio Real-time PCR (Magicplex, Seegene, Korea) simultaneously detects and distinguishes each type of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses. We investigated the diagnostic performance of Magicplex in comparison with that of serologic test. Methods: We tested and analyzed 184 serum samples for hepatitis A IgM antibody (IgM anti HAV), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti HCV). Serologic markers including IgM anti HAV, HBsAg, and anti HCV were tested with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. We calculated positive rates of the test results and concordance rates between serologic tests and Magicplex. Results: The positive rates of IgM anti HAV, HBsAg, and anti HCV using serologic methods were 15.2% (28/184), 13.6% (25/184), and 8.2% (15/184), respectively. The positive rates of the corresponding viral nucleic acid detection by Magicplex were 18.5% (34/184), 16.3% (30/184), and 4.3% (8/184), respectively. The concordance rates between serologic test and Magicplex were 95.7% (176/184) in hepatitis A, 97.3% (179/ 184) in hepatitis B, and 96.2% (177/184) in hepatitis C. Conclusions: In our study, the concordance rates between Magicplex and traditional serologic tests are over 95%. Magicplex could not yet totally replace traditional serologic tests because there are some possibilities of cross reaction among the hepatitis viruses and false negative results in hepatitis C. If Magicplex resolves these problems, it would be a useful tool for screening test for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis as it provides an automated, easy, and simultaneous detection of the 3 major hepatitis viruses.


This article discusses the problems occuring during application of Aus-gas analyzer in nitrogenous fertilizer factory.It also puts forward some countermeasures so as to improve the accuracy of analyzer.


In today's society is more often see people openly express their thoughts, feelings, emotions, perceptions, and other personal actions and feelings, which often can be seen as evil, foreign to what is classified as "normal ", for this reason it is not surprising that school young people also have this kind of behavior, expressing your personality in countless ways. In this way, sexual orientation, gender identity and sexuality of young people is every day also more exposed, resulting in the educational community, focusing on students and teachers, variety of perceptions arising on the issue. In this regard, a study was generated compared to the case where the Technical College Class IED, workshops, interviews, observations of the community with students and teachers, in addition to the literature review required that contributed to try and develop this theme in the institution where cases reflected differently from heterosexual sexual orientation are as has been seen in the specific case of Class College, and as a base and made a contribution to handling the issue.


The majority of children who live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) do not have access to quality healthcare. The Global Initiative for Children ' s Surgery (GICS) was founded in 2016 to identify solutions to this problem in children ' s surgery by utilizing the expertise of practitioners from around the world. This group recognizes that no child should be prevented from accessing essential healthcare because of fi nancial concerns. A small group survey, taken by individuals from varied specialties, revealed the main factors preventing children from receiving quality care were workforce issues, challenges in research, trouble dealing with communicable diseases, and functions of the overall health system. The group identi fi ed and publi-shed the " optimal resources " necessary to improve children ' s surgical access which now serves as a worldwide road map for development. GICS has expanded since 2016 from 50 specialists from 24 countries to 153 specialists from 44 countries in efforts to collaborate in the development of accessible healthcare programs and address surgical issues in LMIC. Worldwide col- laboration holds the promise of improving children ' s surgical care around the globe. GICS will continue to evolve in order to achieve the vision of safe, affordable, timely surgical care for all children. challenges Background: Responding to need for global consensus after COVID-19, we aimed to characterise evolution of surgical literature and evidence-based guidance during the pandemic. Methods: We conducted rapid reviews targeting intraoperative safety, personal protective equipment and triage, and a systematic review to identify evidence-based guidance for surgery during COVID-19. These were staggered temporally from COVID-19 ' s identi fi cation. Targeted searches were repeated weekly (until 7 August 2020), and systematic searches repeated monthly (until 30 June 2020). We searched PubMed and Embase without language restrictions. Literature composition was strati fi ed using Evans ' hierarchy of evidence. Narrative data were analysed for consistency with guidance we developed in April 2020. The systematic review rated methodological quality using AGREE II and AMSTAR tools, and is regis-tered on PROSPERO, CRD42020205845. Meta-analysis was not conducted. Results: Via 174 targeted searches and 6 systematic searches staggered over 35 timepoints we identi fi ed 1256 studies for the rapid reviews and 21 for the systematic review. Of studies in the rapid reviews, 903 (71.9%) had lower-quality design with 402 (32%) being opinion-based evidence or letters. Methodological quality of studies in the systematic review ranged from low to moderate. Consistency with our initial recommendations was observed. Conclusions: Our April 2020 evidence-based guidance remained clini- cally valid despite the large number of publications. Weaker studies pre-dominated and few guidelines were evidence-based. Extracted clinical solutions were globally implementable. Utilisation of our fi ndings may facilitate formation of a consensus strategy to adapt surgical services to COVID-19. Background: Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and cost effectiveness of an ultra low cost model of vacuum assisted core needle biopsy (VACNB) technique in evaluation of breast lumps in a low resource setting. Methods: Author (SKY) devised a new model of VACNB using 50 ml syringe, 10 ml syringe and 12G needle. This model was prospectively evaluated in a pilot study involving 25 patients who had indication for surgery based on clinical and radiological fi ndings. The overall cost of this device is 5.46 USD whereas cost of core biopsy needle in India is approximately 41.00 USD and vacuum assisted breast biopsy needle is approximately 341.00 USD. Results: A total of 25 female were evaluated using clinical assessment, radiological evaluation and VACNB. Median age of patients was 48 years (Range 14-68). In this small cohort, 19 patients were diagnosed as IDC by both VACNB and fi nal HPR. Four patients had fi broadenoma by both. One patient had alveolar variant of rhabdomyosarcoma in a 14 years old female by both VACNB and HPR. One patient had clinical suspicion of breast car- cinoma but VACNB report came as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). We repeated biopsy with USG guided 14G core biopsy needle and this report too came as IGM. Sensitivity, speci fi city and diagnostic accuracy of VACNB in diagnosing breast malignancy was 100%( 95% CI 82.35% to 100.00%), 100%( 95% CI 54.07% to 100.00%) and 100%( 95% CI 86.28% to 100.00%) respectively. Conclusion: Provision of quality health care for all should be accompa-nied by frugal innovations to safeguard the poor from increasing cata- strophic healthcare expenditure. This ultra low cost model of VACNB technique can be used in low resource settings as it is accurate and cost effective. the 3D fi 3D each successfully 3D printed the assigned anatomical model on the fi rst attempt using only cellu- lar data. The models cost AUD$10 in materials, using machines costing AUD$1,000-5,000. This required 687 megabytes of cellular data. Each model was an identical copy of the original and accurately represen-ted the anatomy seen on ultrasound despite the use of different printers and materials. The supervisors of training at each centre agreed the 3D printed anatomical models were suitable for the purpose of simulation training. Conclusion: We have how low-cost, high fi delity teaching models can be achieved using only cellular data in low-resource healthcare settings. In addition to facilitating affordable access to anatomical trainers at tertiary teaching hospitals, this approach could have a signi fi cant impact on how surgical education is approached in low-resource settings. Background: Inconsistencies regarding the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) have raised concerns for the safety of surgical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. This rapid review synthesises the lit- erature and includes input from clinical experts to provide evidence-based guidance for surgical services. Methods: The rapid review comprised of targeted searches in PubMed and grey literature. Pertinent fi ndings were discussed by a working group of clinical experts, and consensus recommendations, consistent with Australian and New Zealand Government guidelines, were formulated. Results: There was a paucity of high-quality primary studies speci fi cally investigating appropriate surgical PPE for healthcare workers treating patients possibly infected with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of aerosol, droplet and fomite transmission, making it essential to augment standard infection control measures with appropriate PPE, especially during surgical emergencies and aerosol-generating procedures. All biological material should be treated a potential source of SARS-COV-2. Staff must have formal training in the use of PPE and should be supervised by a col- league during donning and dof fi ng. Patients with suspected or con fi rmed COVID-19 should wear a surgical mask during transfer to and from theatre. Potential solutions exist in the literature to extend the use of surgical P2/N95 respirators in situations of limited supply. Conclusion: PPE is advised for all high-risk procedures and when a patient ' s COVID-19 status is unknown. Surgical departments should facili- tate staggered rostering, remote meeting attendance, and self-isolation of symptomatic staff. Vulnerable surgical staff should be identi fi ed and excluded from operations with a high risk of COVID-19 infection. Background: Long-term effects after COVID-19 may affect surgical safety. This study aimed to evaluate the literature and produce evidence-based guidance regarding the period of delay necessary for adequate recov- ery of patients following COVID-19 infection before undergoing surgery. Methods: A rapid review was combined with advice from a working group of 10 clinical experts across Australia and New Zealand. MEDLINE, medRxiv and grey literature were searched to 4 October 2020. The level of evidence was strati fi ed according to the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy. Results: A total of 1,020 records were identi fi ed, from which 20 studies (12 peer-reviewed) were included. None were randomised trials: one case- control study (level III-2 evidence), one prospective cohort study (level III-2), and 18 case series studies (level IV). Follow-up periods containing observable clinical characteristics ranged from 3 – 16 weeks. New or excessive fatigue and breathlessness were the most frequently reported symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 may impact the immune system for multiple months after laboratory con fi rmation of infection. For cancer patients with past COVID-19 undergoing elective curative surgery, pulmonary complications and mortality may be lowest at least four weeks after a positive swab. Conclusion: Where it does not compromise patient outcome, minor surgery should be delayed for at least four weeks, and major surgery for eight to twelve weeks, after laboratory con fi rmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comprehensive preoperative and ongoing must be out ensure optimal clinical decision-making. Coronavirus by a global pandemic. Surgical has been with concerns surgical safety, in terms of laparoscopic versus open surgery. to potential aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, precautions during aerosol-generating procedures and production of surgical plume are paramount for the safety of surgical teams. Methods: A rapid review methodology used with evidence PubMed, Departments of Health, surgical colleges, and other health authorities. From a working group of expert surgeons recommendations for surgical safety in the current environment. Results: Preoperative testing of surgical patients with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) does not guarantee lack of infectivity due to a demonstrated false negative rate of up to 30%. All bodily tissues and


In this article we show state homeopathic care in Saint-Petersburg. Study pattern and organization homeopathic care for children in leading homeopathic clinic of Saint-Petersburg and also applying for homeopathic care among the child population Saint-Petersburg. The analysis of morbility characters based on applying for homeopathic care among the child population has been performed in dynamics in the Saint-Petersburg during 3 year period from 2007 to 2009 on the basic received 1989 final (exacted) diagnoses in Saint-Petersburg's homeopathic polyclinic.


Eight indexes are selected to set up an evaluation system for insurance companies' competitive capabilities from the aspects of innovation,finance and client.Then the indexes' Polarity is defined.The related data of five civil life insurance companies in 2002 are used as cross sectional data to evaluate the order via target heart degree approaching,so the results of the five life insurance companies from 1999 to 2001 can be obtained by the same method.The empirical research shows that the scale insurance companies have not positive relevance with the strength or weakness of competitive capabilities.


We demonstrate the formation of (1+1) - and (2+1) -dimensional solitons in photorefractive CdZnTe:V, exploiting the intensity-resonant behavior of the space-charge field. We control the resonance optically, facilitating a 10-mus soliton formation times with very low optical power.


In this paper we describe the structure of a proposed hybrid architecture for robot control. A BDI-style planning layer manipulates a plan library in which plans are comprised of hierarchical, suspendable and recoverable teleo-reactive programs. We also present preliminary simulation and implementation work.


Sedimentation is a crucial factor when it comes to river problems. Sediment can cause silting of the river so that its capacity be reduced and can cause overflow of water to the surface. Every year, Districts of Nanga Mahap at Sekadau Regency always experiences flooding and the problem is still happening up until now. One of the causes of the occurrence of flooding in Nanga Mahap District is the overflow of the Mahap River. This study aims to determine the characteristics and rates of bottom sediment transport rate in the downstream of the Mahap River. Sediment collection was carried out on 8 segments of the estuary. In the study, laboratory tests were carried out regarding specific gravity and grain size of sediment particles refers to the texture classification by USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) and freight rate calculations Basic Sediment with Duboys Method. Based on characteristic analysis Mahap River sediments obtained the average D50 sediment grain diameter value from all research points that is equal to 1.63 mm, the results of testing the specific gravity the average obtained is 2.754 gr/cm3 so that it can be classified in the form of coarse grains with a type of sand sediment. The largest base sediment transport rate of bed load occurred at point 2 of 8.816 tons/day and the smallest was at point 7, which is 0.154 tons/day. From the calculation, result shows that if the velocity of falling particles is greater than the velocity of the flow of river water, therefor the sediment particles will settle.


This paper introduces a survey for the global control community on the most important topics that should be covered when engineering students take just a single control related course, a situation typical for many undergraduate engineering programs. There has been a rapid increase in the availability and power of both computing and internet resources which has an inevitable affect on both what content and how university education is delivered. This paper provides some context and discussion of a preliminary survey with a limited exposure; the intention is that feedback on this paper and the initial survey results will be used in planning for a more comprehensive survey of the entire IFAC community.


In the next decade or more, and certainly within this century, Australian companies will become increasingly engaged with the 'BRIC' countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China). These ambitious and large countries, with big populations, rapidly growing economies and low levels of debt, offer a ray of hope and optimism amongst the gloom and doom being experienced within the economies of Western Europe and the USA.


Two fragments of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) gene,ACE2A(102-1210 nt)and ACE2B(1101-2524 nt),were amplified with RT-PCR and cloned into pMD-18T.The insertion was confirmed by sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion.The gene fragments were sub-cloned into pGEX-KG separately and expressed as GST fusion proteins after IPTG induction in E.coli BL21(DE3).The expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with polyclonal antibody to human ACE2.The molecular masses of the two fusion proteins were respectively 65kD and 77kD.Western blot analysis demonstrated that the recombinant proteins had immunological activity.Furthermore,only ACE2A(65kD),which excludes the enzyme active site HEXXH(374-378aa),could bind with S1 protein of SARS-CoV.These results showed that the receptor activity of ACE2 was not dependent on the enzyme activity,and the receptor functional domain was within N terminal 367 amino acids.


Edge-of-field runoff monitoring provides high-quality, valuable data to producers, researchers, and government agencies; however, collecting this data can require significant investments in equipment and labor. There is a need for more cost-effective surface-water monitoring solutions, especially among conservation-oriented organizations with limited budgets. This project will evaluate a prototype gauge that was designed to reduce equipment, installation, and operational costs while adding features that improve functionality. Cost savings are achieved by simplifying station operation, substituting expensive multi-purpose components with inexpensive, low-cost components, and using methods that reduce labor input. The control structure, a new, low-profile flume developed by Pioneer Farm Research staff, will be installed below-grade with an approach section, where feasible. This combination will reduce hydraulic head pressures upstream of the station, eliminating the need for tall wingwalls and long earthen berms. A hydronic heat system mounted under the steel approach and flume will provide the operator with a quick and easy way to remove ice in the winter, saving hours of labor. A number of other cost saving measures and design features will be detailed in this presentation. Twenty-four prototype gauges will be installed, operated, and evaluated in Wisconsin, Minnesota,


FIELD: electronic devices. SUBSTANCE: mercury metering mixture includes metering intermetal chemical compound A with mercury and second metal, such as titanium, zirconium, and their mixtures, as well as catalyst B including copper and other metal, such as tin, indium, or silver, or their mixtures. Mercury metering device has mentioned mercury metering mixture. Mercury is introduced in electronic device by placing mentioned device into open electronic device and its heating to 550-900 C whereupon electronic device is hermetically sealed. EFFECT: improved safety of filling electronic devices with mercury; facilitated procedure. 24 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl


Neural tube defects (NTDs) constitute a major group of congenital malformations with an overall incidence of approximately 1–2 in 1,000 live births in the United States. Hispanic Americans have a 2.5 times higher risk than the Caucasian population. Spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBMM) is a major clinical presentation of NTDs resulting from lack of closure of the spinal cord caudal to the head. In a previous study of spina bifida (SB) patients of European Caucasian descent, it was suggested that specific haplotypes of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α (PDGFRA) gene P1 promoter strongly affected the rate of NTD genesis. In our study, we evaluated the association of PDGFRA P1 in a group of 407 parent–child triads (167 Caucasian, 240 Hispanics) and 164 unrelated controls (89 Caucasian, 75 Hispanic). To fully evaluate the association of PDGFRA P1, we performed both transmission‐disequilibrium test (TDT) and association analyses to test the hypotheses that PDGFRA P1 was (1) transmitted preferentially in SBMM affected children and (2) associated with the condition of SBMM comparing affected children to unaffected controls. We did find that there was a different allelic and genotypic distribution of PDGFRA P1 when comparing Hispanics and Caucasians. However, neither ethnic group showed strong association between SBMM and the PDGFRA P1 region. These findings suggest that PDGFRA P1 does not have a major role in the development of SBMM. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Corrupt arrangements are characterized by a high risk of opportunism: double-dealing, whistle-blowing and extortion are significant uncertainties for participants in corrupt transactions. This paper demonstrates how legislators may use an asymmetric design of (criminal) sanctions and leniency programs to amplify these inherent risks, thereby destabilizing corrupt arrangements. It is also shown that asymmetric penalties and (ex-ante) leniency do not necessarily interfere with the goal of deterrence and may be a useful tool to disband the 'pact of silence' characteristic of corrupt arrangements. In particular, we show that bribe-takers should less be penalized for taking and more for reciprocating a bribe. Likewise, bribe-givers should be punished for giving bribes, but not for accepting the bribe


Significance The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau represents one of the most extreme environments for human habitation. Tibetans are an ideal population for studying genetic adaptation to such environment. Strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation at high altitude imposes a serious selective pressure, which may induce skin pigmentation adaptation of Tibetans. We conducted skin pigmentation phenotyping and genome-wide analysis of Tibetans to understand the underlying mechanism of adaptation to UV radiation. We observe that Tibetans have darker baseline skin color compared with lowland Han Chinese, as well as an improved tanning ability. The adaptive variant of GNPAT promotes melanin synthesis, likely through the interactions of CAT and ACAA1 in peroxisomes with other pigmentation genes, leading to an improved tanning ability in Tibetans for UV protection.


Public transit, as a major part of urban transportation, plays an irreplaceable role. Government and transit agencies are trying to make transit be more competitive through offering faster service. Travel speed, which directly reflects the service level and key specifications of public transit, is influenced by many factors. The factors affecting bus speed are analyzed from three aspects: links, intersections, and stations. On the basis of these, analytical mode models are established and through parameter transformation, the multiple linear regression model contains reciprocals of travel speed, intensity of passengers, density of stations, relative density of intersections. Time period is validated and tested by using automatic vehicle location data, geographic data, smart card data, and signal timing data obtained from the Shanghai 49 bus line. Test results show that the model can reflect the actual operation. In the end of this paper, quantitative analysis of the impact of each factor on speed is done and some suggestions are proposed for increasing bus travel speed.


An unknown intermittent sound source, at rest or in motion, is considered. We describe an original method to detect its activity and determine its azimuth and range from a moving binaural sensor subject to measurement noise. The proposed source localization scheme is said "active", as it combines the sensed binaural signals with the sensor motion. It is composed of two stages: first, a pseudo-likelihood of the source azimuth is defined from the short-term time-frequency analysis of the binaural signals, and the source activity is detected by means of statistical identification; then, this information brought by the binaural signals is assimilated over time and fused with the sensor motor commands into a stochastic filtering strategy entailing a bank of noninteractive unscented Kalman filters. The method enjoys several important features. On the one hand, it is endowed with self-initialization and ensures the consistency of the covariances of the estimation errors. On the other hand, it can rigorously handle the effects induced by scatterers by explicitly exploiting the HRTFs to the microphones. A validation on simulated scenarios as well as on data coming from real experiments is included. This work has been partially supported by the EU FP7 FET-Open TWO!EARS project (2014-2016), whose goal is to develop a computational model of auditory perception and experience, in which binaural bottom up processing is interwoven with action and with top-down feedbacks originating from cortical levels. It takes place at the sensorimotor (reflex) level of this architecture. Current work concerns its extension to the multiple source case and to the definition of active motions which can improve perception.


From 1968-1970 long-acting medroxyprogesterone acetate was injected into 1654 patients in Springs South Africa in doses of 150 mg in 3 ml every 3 months or 300 mg in 6 ml every 6 months usually on the fifth day of a menstrual period. Side-effects of therapy primarily due to estrogen insufficiency included spotting or menorrhagia (12.9%) amenorrhoea or scant menses (6.4%) and headaches with distension or weight gain (1.2%). Failure incidence to return for follow-up injections was 14.4%. 11 pregnancies occurred probably due to patient negligence. Endometrial biopsies of 8 patients with persistent abnormalities showed dissociated reaction between stromal cells and inactive tubular glands resulting in impaired secretory activity. Although not recommended as a family spacer Depo-Provera proved to be an efficacious contraceptive in most cases.


The invention discloses coal slurry sieving equipment. A motor is connected to a sieve drum through a transmission shaft; the left side of the outer surface of the sieve drum is not provided with a sieve pore; the rest positions of the outer surface of the sieve drum are uniformly distributed with sieve pores; the sieve drum and the center shaft of a fine-particle coal slurry collecting barrel are on the same straight line; the fine-particle coal slurry collecting barrel sleeves the outer part of the sieve drum; the left side of the fine-particle coal slurry collecting barrel extends out of the sieve drum; the left side of the fine-particle coal slurry collecting barrel is provided with an anti-leakage plate; the left side of the anti-leakage plate is provided with a sealing ring; the bottom of the fine-particle coal slurry collecting barrel is provided with a fine-particle coal slurry outlet; a slurry inlet and a coarse-particle coal slurry outlet are formed in the cylindrical side plate at the left side of the sieve drum; and a valve is separately arranged on the slurry inlet, the coarse-particle coal slurry outlet and the fine-particle coal slurry outlet.


Objective: To assess impact of nursing activity group model on health education of patients with drugs. Methods: This study is a retrospective study, that we collected the data before and after the establishment of the nursing action group, and evaluated the effect of establishing the nursing action group by comparing the data. We performed this study in a general tertiary hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. There were 2 stages in the study. At stage 1 (January 2019 - December 2019), we carried out common nursing model in daily work. At stage 2 (July 2020 - December 2020), we implemented usual measures and the countermeasures of nursing activity group themed at improving health education of drug. Using the assessment of medication compliance, satisfaction of patient and drug cognition of patients, we compared the changes of patients' health education before and after the interventions to evaluate the effect of nursing activity group model. Result: Most of assessments were significant difference between two group, that health education of gastroenterology drugs of nurse and training on drug using on nurses had significant improvement after carry out nursing activity group model. In patients' assessment of medication compliance and satisfaction, there was only a small increase in patient satisfaction by carrying out nursing activity group model, but patients were observed to be improved significantly during carrying out nursing activity group. Conclusion: Nursing activity group model can improve medication compliance of patients, satisfaction of patients, and drug cognition of nurses.


Non-standard phenomenon of rural minimum guarantee policy during its execution is of common occurrence. Taking A village in GanSu province as example, this paper explored the cause of the flexible execution of the current minimum guarantee policy from the township government, village cadres and villagers these three viewpoints, by analyzing various flexible execution phenomenon in the process of minimum guarantee policy, and then put forward countermeasures for basic-level government to disposing the rural rural minimum guarantee policy better.


CATV equipment is being used for boosting radio signals in 155 mHz mobile systems in Canada and in a 380 mHz system in Saudi Arabia. Recently, CATV line extender amplifiers with passband frequency response beyond 500 mHz have become available and are suitable for boosting VHF and UHF radio signals. Several UHF radio signal booster systems have been installed and are operating in cargo containerships. Economical radio signal booster systems can be constructed using cavity filters for selectivity, CATV line extender amplifiers for amplifying the radio signals, and inexpensive CATV cable for transmission lines with pressure taps attached to feed distributed antennas. CATV equipment is very reliable, the enclosures are gasketed to exclude dust and moisture, power for the amplifiers is carried by the coaxial cable, the equipment is mass produced and it is inexpensive. The amplifiers can be readily type accepted to comply with FCC Rules and Regulations.


In a dynamic and distributed environment, it is often difficult for a complex business process to follow a static business specification. The applications and services involved in a complex business process are typically heterogeneous, provided by different organizations. Since each organization has its own security mechanisms and policies to protect its local resources, the business process has to operate among multiple, heterogeneous security realms. For these applications, security procedures are often omitted in the interest of performance. Collaborating services in a system with a ServiceOriented-Architecture (SOA) may belong to different security realms but often need to be engaged dynamically at runtime. If their security realms do not have a direct cross-realm authentication relationship, it is technically difficult to enable any secure collaboration between the multiple services. A possible solution to this problem is to provide authentication path between the intermediate realms at runtime. However, the process of generating an authentication path for two distributed services can be highly complicated. It could involve a large number of extra operations for credential conversion and require a long chain of invocations to intermediate services. In this paper, we address this problem by designing and implementing a new cross-realm authentication protocol for dynamic service interactions, based on the notion of service-oriented multiparty business sessions.


Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Some studies have suggested that glycosuria is present in the most severe cases of MN and this finding may be associated with tubular injury caused by the overload of filtered proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between glycosuria in MN and severity and prognosis of the disease.

 We conducted a 36-month retrospective cohort study with all patients diagnosed in the last 10 years in our centre with primary MN confirmed by renal biopsy. Data collection was made from patients' charts. Patients were divided in two groups according to their glycosuric status at the diagnosis. Exclusion criteria: patients with diabetes and glucose intolerance, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, transplant kidney patients and secondary MN.

 We studied 27 patients with primary MN. Four patients (14.8%) presented glycosuria at the time of diagnosis. Glycosuric and non-glycosuric groups had comparable demographic data. We found that glycosuric patients had higher baseline albuminuria (10.7±8.6 vs 4.6±4.1 g/g, p=0.029) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (39.2±24.6 vs 75.2±30.7 ml/min/1.73m2, p=0.037). We also found that patients with glycosuria had higher interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) (33.8%±21.4 vs 10.7%±17.1, p=0.035) but no differences in the percentage of glomerular sclerosis. There were no differences between groups in serum albumin, haemoglobin or therapy. At the end of the follow-up period there was no difference in eGFR decline rate (ml/min/year), 3-year eGFR, 3-year albuminuria and 3-year chronic kidney disease stage 5D incidence.

 Prevalence of glycosuria in primary MN is approximately 15%. Its presence at the time of diagnosis was associated with more severe clinical and histological markers: lower eGFR, higher albuminuria and higher IFTA. However, we did not find association between glycosuric status at diagnosis and disease progression. Prospective, bigger and longer studies are needed to evaluate these questions.


Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) causing cerebral infarction is noted in the younger population in India and other countries, with a multitude of varying features at presentation. Typical features from mass effect due to acute and subacute complications of CVST, characteristically present with signs of neurological deficits due to raised intracranial pressure. In rare instances, patients afflicted with CVST present with isolated neuropsychiatric symptoms. We delve into this case of a middle aged woman with subacute complications whose neurological features were masked, with the sole findings of behavioral disturbance and bradycardia, who had no known previous documented psychiatric illness.


The article puts forward a on-line monitoring system of tool breakage in numerical control cutting,and introduces detailed the principle of monitoring tool breakage using current signatures and the experimental set-up.The application to the on-line monitoring system of interruption type custom macro function is discussed.Experience indicates that the tool breakage can be identified real-time,giving an alarm and replacing tool can also be realized after using the monitoring system and interruption type custom macro function.Accordingly,the malfunction stop time of machine is cut down greatly and the usage of machine is increased greatly.


To delineate the prevalence and associated risk factors of low BMD, osteoporosis/bone fragility and fracture in transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT) in the Chinese population in Hong Kong.


In this paper we analyze nonlinear dynamics of the fullerene molecule. We prove the existence of global branches of periodic solutions emerging from an icosahedral equilibrium (nonlinear normal modes). We also determine the symmetric properties of the branches of nonlinear normal modes for maximal orbit types. We find several solutions which are standing and rotating waves that propagate along the molecule with icosahedral, tetrahedral, pentagonal and triangular symmetries. We complement our theoretical results with numerical computations using Newton's method.


Identifying the relationship between surface seismic data and a particular region in the earth, referred to as visibility analysis, is important because it facilitates the optimization of the quality and speed of the imaging and monitoring processes. This study presents a data‐driven approach that estimates a visibility relationship by propagating the recorded seismic data backward in time through the entire medium and coupling it with the region of interest in the subsurface. The region of interest is defined by a specific time‐lapse perturbation in geophysical parameters. We show that by back‐propagating in time only a limited number of shot records, a reliable visibility relationship can be established for target‐oriented imaging of changes in a particular region in the subsurface. The established visibility relationship implies that in a subsequent time‐lapse survey, only data corresponding to the visible shot records need to be collected, reducing the costs of the time‐lapse acquisitions.


NO adsorption and dissociation on subnanometer Pdn (n = 8, 13, 19, 25) clusters were first studied with GGA-DFT. The transition structures of the NO dissociating on the potential-energy surfaces were derived using the climbing image nudged-elastic-band (CI-NEB) method. The preferred NO adsorption positions are bridge sites on Pdn (n = 8, 19) and hollow sites on Pdn (n = 13, 25). The NO adsorption energy values on hollow sites of icosahedron-based Pdn (n = 13, 25) are relatively higher than that on the bridge site of octahedral Pd19. However, the NO dissociation barrier on octahedral Pd19 is lower than that on icosahedron-based Pdn (n = 13, 25) clusters. These results suggest on a Pdn (n = 8, 13, 19, 25) scale the NO activity may no longer rely on the cluster size but rather on the geometric structure of Pdn clusters. The coordination number of the NO adsorption site is found to be the key factor to determine the structure sensitivity of NO adsorption and dissociation. The charge difference and Hirshfeld c...


Objective: By exploring and analyzing the evaluation of the short-term outcome of neuroblastoma (NB) in children by fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging and ultrasonography, the detailed values of 18F-FDG PET/CT
 imaging and ultrasonography in diagnosing and treating NB in children were discussed. The effectiveness and superiority of the two evaluation methods were verified, providing a theoretical basis for clinical applications. Methods: Child patients with NB diagnosis were included as research
 objects. Except for child patients in the IVs stage, other included child patients received the same surgical therapeutic plan. The clinical materials included child patients were collected, such as 18F-FDG PET/CT results, ultrasonography results, and serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) results.
 The data information was input into the database and statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. The specificity as well as sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, ultrasonography, and serum NSE in the clinical evaluation were comparatively analyzed. The detection rates of 8F-FDG PET/CT imaging,
 ultrasonography, as well as other diagnostic ways were comparatively analyzed. Results: Consequently, 10 patients had no recurrence or metastasis of NB; 2 patients had recurrence as well as metastasis of NB but survived, but the remaining 2 patients died eventually. Besides, in terms
 of specificity, the NSE detection was the lowest, while the specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT and ultrasonography was the same, which was 100%. In addition, 18F-FDG PET/CT and NSE were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The research results showed that
 image of the 18F-FDG PET/CT and ultrasonography were useful to diagnosis and treat NB in children, which could effectively predict the survival periods of patients. In certain aspects, these two methods were better than other traditional diagnostic methods. However, traditional diagnostic
 methods also had certain advantages. In the future, the clinical diagnosis and treatment of NB should value the joint application of various diagnostic methods to foster the strengths and avoid the weaknesses. The research results have provided the direction and guidance for clinical diagnosis
 and treatment of NB in children.


Confocal Raman microscopy was developed and used to study molecular sulfur inclusions in glass pellets. The Raman spectrum of water was used as a noninvasive temperature probe in operating electrophoresis capillaries. A macro-scale imager was used to image water Raman scattering using 30 mW 532 nm; it can be used to map boundaries, impurity distributions, and morphological changes in polymers and ceramics. A holographic beam splitter was obtained. Surface-enhanced Raman spectra was obtained from inside zebra fish embryos as a model system. Future research plans are given.


The nonuniformity correction algorithm of IRFPA under the broad dynamic range is studied for the engineering applications of infrared imaging guidance and track systems.The nonuniformity correction algorithm based on cubic spline function interpolation is derived based on the function interpolation principle.This algorithm is validated by a simulated nonuniform image and a real infrared image captured by 128×128 infrared imaging system.Experiments' results show that this algorithm has the adavantages such as broad dynamic range and high correction precision,which realizes double correction to nonuniformity and nonlinearity of IRFPA.


[Objective] The purpose was to confirm the nutrient and functional components in Mytilus edudis linneas waste fluids.[Method] With M.E.linneas waste fluids taken from Zhoushan,Zhejiang as material,the relative nutrient and functional components in concentrated solution(DBM) of M.E.linneas waste fluids were analyzed by using Model 835-50 automatic amino acid analyzer and spectrophotometry.[Result] The DBM nutrient and functional components were rich,among which,the average contents of total sugar and protein were 12.06% and 5.36% resp.,containing 8 kinds of amino acids of lysine,valine and leucine etc.that were necessary for human body and containing richly taurine,which was 1.65%,much higher than that in chicken,duck,fish,shrimp and meat etc.,and the mineral substance content was also abundant,so DBM was a natural raw material that integrated nourishment,seasoning and health care into one with good quality and low price.[Conclusion] M.E.linneas waste fluids contained rich in nutrient and functional components,could be used for research and development of series products of M.E.linneas processing.M.E.linneas waste fluids contained much taste substances with intense seafood flavor,and were able to be used as important resource for development of seafood condiment.


Objectives/Goals Understanding elements and their atomic structure is a very interesting and important study. But, the logic involved is not straightforward. My goal is to come up with a solution that can help in teaching these complex concepts with visual effects that are easy to absorb. My goal is also to help visually impaired by adding sound. Finally I want my solution to be portable, extensible and low-cost and accessible to students with limited access to expensive resources or the Internet. Methods/Materials Materials: Raspberry Pi/Arduino, 2 Breadboards, 6V DC Motor, 8 LEDs, 8 resistors, Braille stickers. Programming: Elements, Exception Elements, Electron Configuration, Speech, Drawing the atom, Lighting up LEDs and beeping for valence electrons, Turning spinner/beeping for radioactive elements. Lewis Dot Notation: LEDs arranged in Lewis Dot Notation circuit on breadboard. Geiger Counter Simulation: Motor Circuit to simulate radioactivity level. Results The filling order of electrons is 1s2 2s2 2p6.. * Example: Oxygen: Atomic Number 8. Electron config: 1s2 2s2 2p4 with 6 electrons in valence shell. Lewis Dot Notation circuit: 6 LEDs light up (s1, s2, p1-1, p2-1, p3-1, p1-2) with 6 beeps. Exception Elements (20 in all): * The tool mentions #Exception#, so the student is aware * Example: Copper: Atomic Number 29. Based on the filling order, the configuration should be: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9. But in reality, an electron is transferred from 4s to the inner 3d, resulting in: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10. Lewis Dot Notation: The max of 8 valence electrons: s 1st (s1), s 2nd (s2), p1 3rd (p1-1), p2 4th (p2-1), p3 5th (p3-1), p1 6th (p1-2), p2 7th (p2-2), p3 8th (p2-3). Radioactivite Elements: The Geiger counter is simulated Conclusions/Discussion My tool best serves the goal as: 1. It has both visual/audio capabilities, making learning fun and effective. 2. It is low cost, compact and portable as it uses Raspberry Pi, and a few simple components, and addresses those who do not have access to expensive resources or Internet. 3. It helps the visually impaired by SHOWING them with words and sounds. Also as it is a programming project: 1. It shows it is much easier than a non-programming model to teach complicated concepts. 2. It, but for the breadboards part, can be put in a website and accessed from anywhere and free of cost, if Internet is available.


This paper discerns key ideas and themes of the Quranic science. It investigates and analyzes some verses for example 55:19-20; 25:53; 24:40; 27:61; 35:12 relating to physical oceanography. These verses indicate barrier between seas and darkness in deep sea. By using physical science phenomena this paper analyzes the mechanism of formation of barrier between two seas, the barrier between sea and river at estuary and the causes of darkness in deep sea. Although the Quran is a guide for humanity but its miracle expressed in the mentioned verses also attracts nonbelievers to Islam. This paper helps us to improve physical understanding of barrier and realization the causes of darkness in the deep sea also it helps to increase spiritual belief of believers to Almighty Allah SWT.


Many kinds of wastewaters, such as municipal wastewater produced directly by utilizing sea water, pharmaceutical and dye chemical industrial wastewater contain high salt content The high salt content in the wastewater has certain problems in treatment systems particularly in biological unit, which is traditional and by far the most popular treatment method In this paper, combined processes of biological and physichemical or electrochemical processes are reviewed


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Optimizing continuous renal replacement therapy circuit survival in coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the ICU. Design: Single-center prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Tertiary academic teaching ICU. Patients: Between March 19, 2020, and May 18, 2020, 11 out of 101 coronavirus disease 2019 patients were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy comprising 127 continuous renal replacement therapy days. Interventions: A nonrandomized observational comparison of circuit anticoagulation modalities using standard regional citrate anticoagulation, continuous IV heparin anticoagulation, or the combination of regional citrate anticoagulation with either continuous IV heparin or therapeutic dose nadroparin. Measurements and Main Results: Circuit patency was shorter than 24 hours using standard regional citrate anticoagulation or continuous IV heparin anticoagulation. Median circuit survival increased with at least 165% when the combination of regional citrate anticoagulation with either continuous IV heparin or therapeutic dose nadroparin was applied. Conclusions: Continuous renal replacement therapy circuit patency is diminished in coronavirus disease 2019 ICU patients. Combining regional citrate anticoagulation with either continuous IV heparin or therapeutic dose nadroparin increases filter survival as compared with regional citrate anticoagulation alone in this nonrandomized observational study.


The usage of biological agents is updated in Table 2. Twenty-seven percent of the treatment courses involved etanercept, which remained the commonest biological agent ever used. Etanercept was also the most frequent agent that was currently used by patients (26.9%). Figures 1—3 show the ever and current use of the biologic and targeted synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. https://doi.org/10.1515/hkbrd-2017-0012 Received December 11, 2017; accepted December 11, 2017


OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the clinical effects and safety of single sialic acid ganglioside in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE). METHODS 200 HIE newborns hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology between September of 2007 and September of 2010 were selected and were randomly divided into an observation group( 100 cases) and a control group( 100 cases). The control group was treated with intravenous infusion of 5ml of brain protein hydrolysates in 20 ml of 0.9% physiological saline once per day, while the observation group was injected once per day with 20 mg of single sialic acid ganglioside in 20 ml of glucose solution in addition to the saline solution received by the control group. CT values and NBNA scores of the two groups before and after the treatments were measured to determine the clinical effect and drug safety of the ganglioside injection. RESULTS CT values and NBNA scores of the two groups improved after the treatment, and the improvement was statistically significant(P﹤0.05); significant difference in NBNA score was observed between the observation group and the control group after the treatment(P﹤0.05). Overall effective rates of the observation group and the control group were 94.00 % and 74.00 %, respectively; the difference was statistically different(P﹤0.05). No adverse drug effect occurred in either group during the experiment. CONCLUSION Single sialic acid ganglioside injection has demonstrated better therapeutic effects on the treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy than regular conventional treatment. The injection is safe and is suitable for clinical applications.


There is empirical evidence that dyadic interactions contribute to the emergence of intentional understanding. However, little is known about the role that triadic (adultobject-baby) interactions play in this process. We present a qualitative analysis of four observations made at home in Ensenada (Buenos Aires, Argentina). These observations were part of a larger study in which infants' interactions with their caregivers and objects were observed once a month for 7 months. The results show that infants anticipate with their bodies the actions that adults perform using objects within triadic interactions (adult-object-infant). Infants' participation in triadic interactions contributes to the emergence of increasingly complex bodily anticipations that are coordinated with the behaviour of others and adjusted to the canonical uses of objects. It is argued that these anticipations are cases of enactive intentional understanding.


Polyelectrolyte complex diazoresin-poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (DR-PSS) from diazoresin (DR) as cationic polyelectrolyte and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (PSS) as anionic polyelectrolyte does not dissolve in water or organic solvent because of its electrostatic crosslinking structure. It was found that the complex dissolves considerably in aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and confirmed that the DR-PSS-SDS system possesses extraordinary thermostability as well as high photosensitivity and can be used directly to produce a photoimaging coating.


Abstract Despite being responsible for a large percentage of undergraduate instruction, graduate students often receive little preparation for their first solo teaching assignments (J. D. Nyquist et al., Change 31 (3): 18, 1999). Furthermore, the existing literature on pedagogy fails to address the unique challenges faced by graduate students who are asked to serve as course instructors rather than teaching assistants. This article presents seven pieces of advice intended to better prepare the predoctoral graduate student to assume the role of the professor before assuming the title. By understanding the attitudes of undergraduate students toward graduate instructors, preparing in advance to handle the mistakes that novice teachers often make, and recognizing the correlation between outward confidence and student perceptions of instructor quality, graduate students can derive the most benefit from a stressful and time-consuming assignment. Most important, graduate instructors can learn to effectively manage the time spent on teaching duties to ensure that other responsibilities such as coursework, qualifying exams, and dissertation research do not suffer.


This paper analyzes the characteristics of packet losses in mobile computing environments based on the Gilbert model and then describes a mechanism that can recover the lost audio packets using redundant data. Using information periodically reported by a receiver, the sender dynamically adjusts the amount and offset values of redundant data with the constraint of minimizing the bandwidth consumption of wireless links. Since mobile computing environments can be often characterized by frequent and consecutive packet losses, loss recovery mechanisms need to deal efficiently with both random and consecutive packet losses. To achieve this, the suggested mechanism uses relatively large, discontinuous exponential offset values. That gives the same effect as using both the sequential and interleaving redundant information. To verify the effectiveness of the mechanism, we extended and implemented RTP/RTCP and applications. The experimental results show that our mechanism, with an exponential offset, achieves a remarkably low complete packet loss rate and adapts dynamically to the fluctuation of the packet loss pattern in mobile computing environments.


To the Editor:

The article by Lincoln et al1 in the March issue of Stroke raises some questions regarding their method of data analysis. The authors evaluated the effects of variations in the intensity of physical therapy on arm function after stroke. The patients were randomized into 1 of 3 treatment groups: routine physical therapy (RPT) or 10 hours of additional physical therapy with either a qualified senior research therapist (QPT) or an assistant physical therapist (APT). There was no significant benefit reported from the additional therapy. The authors acknowledge that almost 50% of the treatment group did not complete the additional treatment. The patients who did not complete treatment pose some interesting questions that warrant further explanation by the authors.

The authors report on page 576 that "20% of QPT and 14% of APT patients" were excluded from the final analysis because they were unable to tolerate the additional therapy. Could the authors provide information on how many patients in the RPT group were unable to tolerate routine therapy? If the percentages are similar, one must consider the possibility that a certain percentage of patients simply cannot tolerate any level of therapy provided in an acute inpatient rehabilitation setting. Although it may not be feasible to give more therapy, it …


Flower-like basic magnesium carbonate(BMC) was fabricated by hydrothermal method. Magnesium solutions are precipitated by sodium carbonate in the presence of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide(CYAB). Particles were synthesized by various concentration of substance, reaction time and temperature. The samples were characterized by FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR and PSA. It found that BMC were synthesized and some sample was composed of flower-like micro particle which are interweaved by a lot of nano-sized thin sheet. After the calcination for BMC at 600 ℃ for 12 h, BMC were completely converted to MgO. The catalytic properties of prepared MgO for the ozonation of phenol were evaluated. Prepared MgO revealed good separability and remarkable catalyst for the degradation of phenol.


criticizes scholars embroiled in the decline/resurgence debate for not acknowledging the role state structure has on the party system. It is here that Coleman makes his greatest contribution. In describing the fiscal state, Coleman develops a list of constraints that resulted from proactive economic management by governments. Once both parties agreed that such management was needed, most of the responsibility for it left their immediate control. Monetary policy was made by an independent agency, and the executive branch became the central managing arm. This gave the parties in Congress, where Coleman sees the clearest illustration of party conflict, very little real decision-making room. The result: both parties took very similar positions on economic management issues until the 1980s. Coleman spends several chapters analyzing congressional party behavior and assessing when the parties took similar or dissimilar positions on economic issues. He finds that the fiscal state placed substantial constraints on the parties. This only began to change with the realization that Keynesianism could not solve the economy's ills, demonstrated by simultaneous high unemployment and high inflation. So, the 1980s launched a new discussion about economic management which we are currently still experiencing. Here, Coleman says, the parties may have an opportunity to begin distinguishing themselves and to become resurgent. Coleman's fiscal state argument is certainly compelling. But for all his insistence that the public's indifference to political parties is directly related to fiscal state constraints, little evidence is given to support the assertion. In fact, in many places Coleman attributes a level of sophistication to the electorate that I think is quite undeserved. It is odd too that, although Coleman repeatedly says that economics was not the only arena of meaningful policy difference between the parties, other arenas are never addressed. Social issues, for instance, have consumed an enormous amount of the electorate's attention since the 1970s (and are responsible for much of the organizational rebuilding Coleman cites as somehow related to distinctions in fiscal policy). I think that scholars can take Coleman's interpretation as an important new framework, but not the entire story. Robin Kolodny Temple University


The paper proposes a new black-box parallelized ILU-BiCGSTAB solver. The new method is based on a multi-color ordering concept and an automatic reordering process in the solver. The new solver attains high parallelism with a small increase in iterations and achieves high parallel performance.


The highway construction sector is changing, which means that contractors must change as well. This article discusses some of these changes, which are resulting in a wider variety of delivery methods and changes in the qualifications of who can compete. There is a growing trend towards fewer but larger projects, some of which result from the bundling of several smaller projects to award as a single contract. In addition, the Internet revolution has given owners access to a wealth of information, which is fueling a growing pressure to consider construction as a commodity purchased on the open market for the lowest bid. The use of construction managers in the design phase and owner project managers to oversee the entire project is also growing. Just like contractors, owners have reduced the number of staff members, which means that they expect greater support from construction service providers at the lowest price possible. This often means changing construction delivery methods. The options have increased considerably over the last two decades to include design-bid-build, design-build, construction manager, construction manager-at-risk with a guaranteed maximum price, and integrated project delivery. Although many owners are looking to minimize cost, savvy owners that are concerned about poor quality and missed schedules are using a pre-qualified bidder process to ensure the best value. All of these trends will present challenges to contractors, especially smaller contractors with resource constraints. The successful contractor must thus evolve their business to meet the changing needs of project owners.


DiffServ (differentiated services) is proposed to define the priority level in an IP header. For the priority controls, CBQ (class based queueing) is also presented. In CBQ, a router prepares a queue for each class of the priority level, and assigns available bandwidth to the class. However, the upper limit of the available bandwidth for each class is fixed in CBQ, and any class usually, cannot obtain extra bandwidth beyond the upper limit. A lower priority class can borrow a part of bandwidth from a higher priority class, only when the average packet transfer rate in the higher priority class must be smaller than the expected rate defined by a certain threshold. Thus, if the higher priority class constantly has data to be transferred, the lower priority class cannot borrow any bandwidth, even if the higher priority class has enough queue space. From this problem, we introduced the dynamic bandwidth decision mechanism to CBQ. In the mechanism, the upper limit of the available bandwidth for each class is dynamically modified due to the size of the queue space in each class. The proposal method provides more flexible bandwidth control, and then increases the effectiveness of the whole network from the simulation experiments. This paper presents implementation methods of the dynamic bandwidth decision method for network processors. Finally, the methods are evaluated on the real network environments.