ABSTRACT The Middle East and North Africa have witnessed a surfeit of geospatial data collection projects, resulting in big databases with powerful deductive capacities. Despite the valuable insights and expansive evidentiary record offered by those databases, emphasis on anthropogenic threats to cultural heritage, combined with a limited integration of local perspectives, have raised important questions on the ethical and epistemological dimensions of big data. This paper contextualizes maritime cultural heritage (MCH) in those debates through the lens of the Maritime Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa project (MarEA). MarEA is developing a unique for the region database for MCH designed to amalgamate a baseline record emphasizing spatial location, state of preservation, and vulnerability. This record will form a stepping stone toward finer-grained research on MCH and its interdisciplinary intersections. It is also developed as an information resource to facilitate local collaborators in prioritizing site monitoring and developing documentation, management, and mitigation strategies.


As an emerging economy, Vietnam has experienced many changes at both macroeconomic and enterprise levels since the economic renovation, namely Doi moi started in the middle of 1980s. One of the key areas of change is in the practices of human resource management (HRM) which could bring competitiveness to enterprises. However, how far such change has gone is not clear. Given the diversity of enterprises operating in Vietnam, we explore several key questions based on the survey results of 1282 managers working in different organisations in Vietnam. The theoretical and empirical implications are presented at the end of the paper. © 2013 Australian Human Resources Institute.


We present the design of a study in the field of feedback in adaptive learning environments. The study emphasizes the role of the learners and the control they can exert over the level of feedback. However, not all learners equally benefit from learner control and, hence, individual differences need to be taken into account. We discuss the research questions, the design and methodology of this study. We suggest that both learner characteristics (such as motivation and prior knowledge) and item characteristics (item difficulty level) have differential effects on learner control over feedback.


Background The mechanisms underlying the process of Treponema pallidum clearance from the central nervous system have not yet been established. Considering that neurosyphilis is associated with mild cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis with a lymphocytic predominance, it has been suggested that cells involved in the adaptive immune response may play a role in this process. In the current study, we assessed the cytokine production profile of T-helper cells in the serum and CSF of patients with early syphilis, with and without CSF abnormalities. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples were collected from 33 patients with secondary and early latent syphilis. Five patients (15%) had a reactive CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test without any accompanying neurological symptoms. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention classification, they were diagnosed with asymptomatic neurosyphilis. Serum and CSF levels of interferon-&ggr; (IFN-&ggr;; Th1-type cytokine), interleukin-4 (IL-4; Th2-type cytokine), and interleukin-17A (IL-17A; Th17-type cytokine) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Patients with asymptomatic neurosyphilis had significantly higher levels of IL-17A (8-fold) and IFN-&ggr; (7.8-fold) in the CSF compared with patients in the no-neurosyphilis group. Six individuals had CSF pleocytosis but a negative CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test result (presumptive neurosyphilis group). In this group, CSF IFN-&ggr; and CSF IL-17A levels were also significantly elevated when compared with no-neurosyphilis group. There was no correlation between serum and CSF concentrations of IL-17A. However, CSF pleocytosis correlated positively with both CSF IL-17A (r = 0.4, P = 0.01) and IFN-&ggr; (r = 0.42, P = 0.01). Conclusions Increased CSF levels of IFN-&ggr; and IL-17A in syphilitic patients with CSF abnormalities suggest that cells of adaptive immunity (probably T-helper cells producing IFN-&ggr; and IL-17) may contribute to the inflammatory response associated with neurosyphilis. In addition, the lack of correlation between serum and CSF IL-17A levels suggests intrathecal production of this cytokine. Further studies are needed to establish the exact nature of the immune response accompanying neurosyphilis and its clinical significance.


Kaolin is a kind of clay mineral that essentially contains kaolinite. It is a very important mineral used in many manufactured products, such as: paper, porcelain, fertilizer, cosmetics and others products. In Brazil the extraction and processing of this kaolin are very important social and economic activities. On the other hand, there also exists an inherent environmental impact. Laws were passed to mitigate these impacts and today mining companies have to present environmental impact reports (EIAs/RIMAS) in which they have to include a plan for recuperating degraded areas (PRAD) to solve any future problems. From the global economic, environmental and sustainable development conscience, these kaolin mining companies operating under ISOs 9000 and 14000 regulations could have "Green Stamps" of Environmental Quality, which would give them an advantage in the national and international marketing.


The ability to measure resistive current resulting from high-field carrier mobility in dielectrics provides insight into transport phenomena and high-voltage performance. The threshold electric field for the formation of a space-charge limited field region under highly inhomogeneous field conditions has fundamental significance in that above this field, rapid degradation takes place from hot electrons and UV photons generated by carrier recombination. A guarded needle electrode with a tip radius in the range of 5 μm and an electrical guard which extends to within about 35 μm of the tip provides the basis for measuring high-field mobility as the resistive current can be measured independent of the displacement current. The residual displacement current resulting from the fF capacitance from the needle tip to the opposite plane electrode is compensated out of the measurement. In this article, we provide construction details for such a guarded needle.


AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMTs) are expected to revolutionize the power-switching technology owing to excellent intrinsic material properties of GaN, which include wide bandgap, high carrier saturation velocity, large critical electric field, and good thermal conductivity. However, the widespread deployment of these devices is still hounded by stability issues such as current collapse, kink effect, transconductance collapse, and self-heating. To address these issues, we developed the multi-mesa-channel (MMC) HEMT, in which a periodic trench structure is fabricated only under the gate electrode. The formation of the periodic trench results into parallel nanowire channels with 2-D electron gas (2DEG) surrounded by the gate electrode. A surrounding-field effect in the MMC structure results in a shallower threshold voltage, thus giving another degree of freedom for obtaining enhancement mode operation. In this work, we would present experimental results that demonstrate the superior performance of MMC AlGaN/GaN HEMTs over their conventional planar counterparts. On top of being less vulnerable to current collapse, MMC devices also exhibit improved linearity, stability, and thermal performance, which are all positive attributes required for optimum device operation.


The industrial fishery for lesser sandeels (Ammodytes marinus) is currently the largest single-species fishery in the North Sea and this species is also the main food of many seabirds breeding in colonies in this area. It has been suggested that inshore sandeel fisheries could have adverse consequences for local seabird populations. One potential area of concern is the fishing grounds on the banks (Wee Bankie and Marr Bank) which lie approximately 40 km oV the coast of south-east Scotland, well within the feeding range of many seabirds breeding at colonies in and around the Firth of Forth. A bioenergetics model is used to estimate that seabirds associated with these colonies consumed 6000‐17 000 t of sandeels during each of the summers of 1996 and 1997, with the majority of the fish being in the 1-group or older age categories. Distributions of birds at sea recorded during a systematic survey during the breeding season demonstrated that the Wee Bankie was an important feeding area for guillemot (Uria aalge), razorbill (Alca torda), and kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) and to a lesser extent puY n( Fratercula arctica) indicating that the exploitation of sandeels by these species shows strong spatial overlap with the industrial fishery. In contrast, shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) and common/arctic terns (Sterna hirundo/paradisaea) showed predominantly inshore distributions while the North Atlantic gannet (Morus bassanus) probably fed mainly outside the area surveyed. Species-specific comparisons of the estimated size of the observed at-sea populations with those predicted from the number of individuals associated with colonies in the area suggests that during the chick-rearing period a high proportion of the Firth of Forth guillemot population was feeding in the surveyed area. However, for the other species the number observed at sea was consistently lower than predicted. The size of the sandeel stock associated with the Wee Bankie is currently unknown. Comparison of the size of the annual catch of the fishery and the amount taken by seabirds indicates that in most years the former has been consistently higher than the latter. Thus the potential for the fishery to aVect seabirds is likely to be greater than the converse. ? 1998 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea


Abstract : Some experimental data on turbulent free-shear-layer growth, mixing, and chemical reactions are reviewed. The dependence of these phenomena on such fluid and flow parameters as Reynolds number, Schmidt number, and Mach number are discussed, with the aid of some direct consequences deducible from the large-scale organization of the flow as well as from some recent models. The mixing of two or more fluids that are entrained into a turbulent region is an important process from both a scientific and an applications vantage point. Species can be transported by turbulence to produce a more uniform distribution than some initial mean profile. This process is sometimes also referred to as mixing, without regard to whether the transported species are mixed on a molecular scale or not. If the issue of mixing arises in the context of chemical reactions and combustion, however, we recognize that only fluid mixed on a molecular scale can contribute to chemical product formation and associated heat release. The discussion in this paper will be limited to molecular mixing.


The synthesis and characterization of soluble rodlike oligo- and poly(1,4-phenyleneethynylene)s end-capped with various functional groups were achieved. The molecular weights were estimated by GPC ...


Scimitar syndrome is a rare but well defined disorder, involving anomalies of lung and pulmonary vein1. Children may present with tachypnea early in life or with repeated chest infection at any age. It is important to diagnose or at least to rule the syndrome as management depends upon the severity of different components. Treatment may be medical, surgical or combined in majority of cases. A case is described here which was fully investigated and family was counseled regarding disease, its prognosis and long term management.


This study used the tremendous biochemical and ecological diversity of macroalgae to assess nitrogen and phosphorus availability at a broad, ecosystem‐level scale in the Florida Keys and nearby waters. Spatial variation in tissue nutrients (carbon, C; nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P) of dominant macroalgae were assessed, both as ratios and absolute values, along 12 inshore‐offshore transects in the Florida Keys and at 10 stations in nearby Florida Bay. The resulting detailed analysis demonstrated spatial and temporal patterns in macroalgal tissue nutrients. The transect data revealed no universal inshore‐offshore patterns in tissue nutrients and no obvious "hotspots" of nutrient enrichment. Similarly, when data were compared among segments, there was no universal geographical pattern in tissue nutrients for all species. The most striking result was that the N and P status of macroalgae in Florida Bay was significantly different than other locations. Macroalgae collected from Florida Bay generally had higher N and lower P levels than algae collected elsewhere. The most common inshore‐offshore pattern was higher %N and lower %P availability inshore; however, limited inshore‐offshore differences in N:P ratio suggests that both nutrients were generally readily available in proportional amounts required by the various species. Most species in this study had higher %N, and to a lesser extent, higher %P and %C in March than in July. Based on the published literature on other species of macroalgae, it appears that N and P are generally available in sufficient quantities that most macroalgal growth is not limited by either nutrient.


Abstract This paper presents the latest progress made on the research of Mesozoic tectonic system transition from the E-W paleo-Tethyan tectonic into NE- NNE western Pacific domain in southeast China. Tectonism of the west Pacific domain began at middle Jurassic (J2) and formed a set of NE-trending structures, non-coaxially overprinting on E-trending tectonic belts which may be early and coevally produced by the paleo- Tethyan domain. Thus began the tectonic domain transition from the E-trending paleo- Tethyan to the NE-trending Pacific and fully finished at the early Cretaceous. The eastern Nanling area was a junction zone of the transition at middle Jurassic (J2), and ever since the junction zone might obliquely migrate to the coastal region, where is the east part of this study area. To the north of the Nanling area, the Ganjiang Fault Zone was the boundary between two tectonic domains. Corresponding to the transition of tectonic system, the geodynamics of SE China changed from a compressional system t...


CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films prepared on quartz substrates by the spin-coating method using the nanoparticles of CIS have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The chemical composition of CIS thin films sintered in N2 atmosphere was Se/metal(Cu+In) = 0.55 or 0.58, indicating a deficiency of selenium. However, CIS thin films sintered in atmosphere of N2 including Se vapor were improved Se/metal molar ratio. It can be seen that the improvement of crystallinity of CIS thin films using the nanoparticles of CIS were relatively effective for the sintering time and the sintering Se vapor.


Copy photograph of the National Museum [later Conservatorium, later Union] with the lake in the foreground, University of Melbourne.
Comments: Colin Sach was a laboratory manager in the Chemistry School, with an ongoing interest in the physical development of the University. He took many photographs of the campus and his department. His well documented images form the basis of this collection.
Inscription: "P.1.75; N.1.310; Album 22 Copies of photograph of 'Old Museum' Originally presented by Ed. G. Rigby. later presented to Univ by Duncan Burr on retirement from Lab Manager" is written in ink on paper accompanying the photograph.
Previous Control Number: UMA/I/7381
Previous Control Number: BWP/13172


Aureobasidium is a yeast-like genus occurring on various substrates as pathogens, saprophytes or endophytes. In this study, Aureobasidium strains were isolated from needles of Pinus tabuliformis in China. The morphology and phylogeny evidences showed that it can be recognized as a new species. Hereby, Aureobasidium pini sp. nov. is introduced and it can be distinguished from its phylogenetically close species, A. namibiae by having shorter conidia.


Music is a phenomenon enjoyed by almost all people. Although music fans may believe that music is an important part of their lives, not every music appreciator decides to venture further by making music themselves. The purpose of this research was to investigate potential variables that may be associated with whether one plays a musical instrument. Specifically, I investigated the role of four individual difference variables that have previously been correlated with a number of factors related to music: openness to experience, self–music overlap (SMO), curiosity, and need for cognition (NFC). Results from two cross-sectional investigations (ns = 369 and 295) revealed that all four variables were positively related to whether one plays a musical instrument. SMO mediated the relation between openness and whether one plays a musical instrument in all studies. Unlike hypothesized, curiosity and NFC did not serve as mediators to the openness–music link. Collectively, this research sheds light on the underexplored question of who plays musical instruments.


We experimentally demonstrate a mode-selective quantum frequency converter over a compound spatio-temporal Hilbert space. We show that our method can achieve high-extinction for highdimensional quantum state tomography by selectively upconverting the signal modes with a modulated and delayed pump. By preparing the pump in optimized modes through adaptive feedback control, selective frequency conversion is demonstrated with up to 30 dB extinction. The simultaneous operations over high-dimensional degrees of freedom in both spatial and temporal domains can serve as a viable resource for photon-efficient quantum communications and computation.


The paper has brought to light general procedures for protecting interests and rights of the sole proprietor with the public support required for, as business operation can thrive only once firm legal guarantees have been provided by the government that would contribute to up-to-date economy" growth across the country. The paper also made a review of general options list for pre-trial protection of entrepreneurs" interests.


Objective To analyze the relationship between the job burnout and the psychological condition of medical interns.Methods A total of 77 interns were assessed by SCL-90 and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey ( MBI-GS).Results The interns were found to experience job burnout.Relatively, the interns had a good condition of their psychological health, and the job burnout were not statistically associated by the condition of their psychological health.The interns from Nanjing Medical University suffered from somatization, anxiety and emotional exhaustion more seriously than that of Shanghai Jiaotong University.Conclusion The medical interns were found to experience job burnout, however no statistical association between the job burnout and the psychological condition of medical interns.

Key words:
Medical intern; Job burnout; SCL-90


SUMMARY Differing types of documents exhibit varying structures. These may arise, at one level, because of the material comprising the text ‐ thus textbooks will be organized differently from research papers ‐ and at a lower level as a result of the layout conventions by which the text is formatted. These structuring regimes may be seen as defining a set of constraints which a document within a specific class must satisfy. In this paper we examine the model recently proposed in Reference [1] which is used for representing and modifying electronic documents. This employs simple graph grammars as a means of translating changes in the document structure into modifications to the computer representation. The aim of this approach is to provide computer support which will allow the appropriate structural conventions to be preserved while the document is being edited. We consider the following problem with this method: given a set of 'constraints' which the document must satisfy and a collection of rules prescribing how the document representation may be modified, how does one prove that only documents which obey the constraints can be generated by repeated applications of the rules? We describe one way in which this question can be more precisely formulated and call this the consistency checking problem. It is shown that, in general, this problem cannot be solved. We then outline how, for practical applications, the consistency checking problem may be solved for certain special cases.


ABSTRACT In a personal essay about cultic misprision of a manuscript leaf holding on one side Keats's Sonnet to Sleep. Susan Wolfson tells a story of collecting, auctioning, and sales, from its composition in June 1820, a May 1829 auction, to news published in 1933, to eventual arrival in the Berg Collection in the New York Public Library. Various players include John Hamilton Reynolds, Sir John Bowring, wily bookseller William T. Spencer, the first and long-term curator of the Keats Memorial House in Hampstead, Fred Edgcumbe, and industrialist, diplomat, and bibliophile Owen D. Young. Although Wolfson is the principle author of this essay, it reflects considerable collaborative advice from Keats scholars John Barnard and Nicholas Roe.


The article proposes an analysis of the experiences regarding the replacement of physicians with specialized nurses mainly started in the primary care at the beginning of the 2000s in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, USA, Australia and many other low-income countries in Africa and Asia with the aim of reducing the costs of healthcare services, of improving the access and the quality of care (as physicians could have much more time to provide other more specialized services) and of reducing the resignations by nurses. The check of the impact of such experiences is described through the results of a systemic study carried out by some researchers of the University in Zurich who analyzed these topics from three different viewpoints: the impact on health, on the healthcare process, and on the resource costs and use. With reference to the first two points, no relevant differences arose in patients cared by specialized nurses or physicians. In some cases, the analysis showed a higher patients' satisfaction rate and a reduced hospitalization risk for the group cared by nurses compared to the one cared by physicians. The economic savings were more uncertain. Despite some methodologic limitations pointed out by the analysis, it is certainly to be appreciated the innovativeness of the intervention and the strong effort made to check the impact and to document the effects in those countries where this innovation was introduced.


Keyword : STRUCTURAL, EQUIVALENCE, IT-PATTERNS ABSTRACT : This research aims at describing structural equivalence of English It-Patterns which consist of Delayed Subject Pattern (DSP) and Divided Clause Pattern (DCP) into Indonesian by using English Novel namely, Five Days in Paris by Danielle Steel, and its Indonesian translation version namely Lima Hari di Paris by L. Ratnayanti as the data source. In arranging this research paper, the researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method. The researcher takes all it-patterns in the English novel and finds their structural equivalence in the Indonesian version of the novel. The patterns are classified into two main types namely, DSP and DCP. DSP is classified into four categories; the categories are classified into nine patterns and the nine patterns are translated into twenty-two patterns in the target language. DCP is classified into three categories; the categories are classified into three patterns; the three patterns are translated into eight patterns in the target language. The result shows that DSP is translated into twenty-two patterns in Indonesian and DCP is translated into eight patterns in Indonesian. Though the structural equivalence are various, generally the way of translating it-pattern into Indonesian, whether it is in the form of DSP or DCP, are almost the same. All of them are translated into Indonesians by omitting the two components of the pattern namely, the component It and be.


The psychiatrist James Gilligan (1997) contended that shame is a key but completely hidden cause of violence, based on his long experience as a prison psychiatrist. He made it a practice of questioning those prisoners who had committed murder. When he asked them why they killed, their answers were often very similar: "He dissed (disrespected) me. What did you expect me to do?" On the basis of these responses, Gilligan proposed that not only murder, but all violence was caused by what he called "secret shame:"


OBJECTIVE
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low vitamin D status has been shown to be associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the association between vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and HF in and elderly population in China.

METHODS
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the spring of 2013 among 2,047 community-dwelling healthy individuals, aged 60 to 101 years. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using a chemiluminescence assay. PTH levels were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

RESULTS
A total of 2,047 participants, including 1,121 women (54.7%), were evaluated in 2013. The median concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and PTH for the entire group were 16.1 ng/mL and 41.5 pg/mL, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels were associated with serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels and left ventricular ejection fraction in a multivariate adjusted linear regression analysis (P<.05). In logistic regression analyses, serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels were associated with a risk of HF in single and multiple regression models (P<.05). Compared with patients with 25(OH)D levels between 30.0 and 44.9 ng/mL, patients with 25(OH)D levels less than 10 ng/mL had a higher mean hazard ratio for HF (2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.59 to 4.38).

CONCLUSION
Serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels are independently associated with risk of HF in a Chinese elderly population.


According to the problems in the teaching of the traditional budget course,the author introduces the item teaching method into the teaching of the building engineering budget,primarily explores how to improve the classroom efficiency,cultivate the students' hand working ability and improve the students'learning interest,expects to improve the teaching quality.


The management of knowledge is frequently identified as an important antecedent of innovation. However, very little empirical research has specifically addressed antecedents and consequences of effective knowledge management. Using data collected from 443 New Zealand firms, a knowledge management instrument, which comprises three components and 16 factors, is regressed against a three‐factor innovation scale that captures incremental innovation, innovation that changes consumers' behaviour and innovation that destroys existing competencies. The results of this research show that knowledge acquisition and responsiveness to knowledge are more important for innovation than knowledge dissemination.


BNU-LSVED2.0 is the first large-scale spontaneous and multi-modal student affect database adapted to the classroom environment. On the basis of BNU-LSVED2.0, BNU-SDED is created. This study analyzes BNU-LSVED2.0 and BNU-SDED and develops a benchmark for BNU-SDED, which can provide some insights for future research on education improvement and emotion recognition. Firstly, student personality traits are analyzed to ensure the validity of data. Secondly, the relationship between PAD emotional dimensions and students' emotional states in learning is analyzed. Based on these analyses, a set of mapping labels between categorical emotions and PAD dimensions is presented. Thirdly, BNU-SDED is used to perform basic baseline experiments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the data and reveal the trends behind students' affects in learning. These analyses can benefit both developers and users of student affect databases.


The main cause of acute puerperal inversion is mismanagement of third stage of labour. Only immediate diagnosis and treatment can decrease mortality. Since majority of Indians live in resource poor settings where traditional birth attendants (TBAs) provide basic obstetrics care. Mismanagement of third stage of labour in such settings may not be unusual with the attendant complications.


Abstract Young people leaving state out-of-home care are arguably one of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in society. Many have been found to experience significant health, social and educational deficits. In recent years, most Australian States and Territories have introduced specialist leaving care and after care programs and supports, but there has been only limited examination of the effectiveness of these programs. This paper examines the experiences of a group of young people involved in the leaving care and after care support program introduced by St. Luke's Anglicare in the Victorian town of Bendigo. Particular attention is drawn to some of the practical needs identified by the young people including reestablishing relationships with family, acquiring a driving licence and/or managing public transport, dealing with legal issues, and coping with the particular challenges of living in rural communities.


Strong oral language skills and the ability to communicate effectively provide the foundation for learning in all curriculum areas. A well-developed knowledge of oral language and its uses enables children to manage and direct their own activities as learners and to operate successfully in formal classroom settings, where language is used in increasingly abstract ways. In relation to early literacy practices, oral language skills provide the foundation for sound literacy development and are the prerequisite to written language. The reciprocal relationship between children's spoken and written language means that oral language skills will have an impact on early and later achievements in learning to read and write (Morrow and Tracey 2007).


In 2009, the global community was faced with an unprecedented economic crisis. States have been urged to react promptly, having to use even aggressive policies to minimize the tensions and help boost their financial liquidity. In devising programs of economic support and restraining their state budgets in all sectors, states have been faced with an increase in health expenditure, pharmaceutical expenses, and a failure to deal with these expenses through social security institutions. Social inequality has been exacerbated and the need for containment has become a commitment for governments. In Greece, the effects of the crisis were more extensive and severe than the rest of the countries, leading a large percentage of the population to unemployment and below the poverty line.
In order to control and reduce health spending, part of the expenditure has been allocated from the public sector to the private sector, turning citizens and the pharmaceutical industry into cost-sharing. Citizens contribute through increased taxation and institutionalized participation in the cost of medicines and diagnostic tests, while the pharmaceutical industry has suffered exceptional reductions in its product prices, either through the pricing system or through compulsory rebates and claw backs. Although seemingly these measures to some extent have managed to control the intensity of the rising trend in health expenditure, they have in the long run countered the growth of the country's Gross Domestic Product, creating distortions in the healthcare market.


Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling power transmission. A minimum voltage and a maximum voltage receivable at the at least one power receiver, a reference voltage used to divide a range between the minimum voltage and the maximum voltage, and a demanded voltage required by the at least one power receiver, are received from at least one power receiver. A report about a power reception condition is received from the at least one power receiver. The report includes a measured voltage at the at least one power receiver during power transmission from the power transmitter. It is determined whether the measured voltage is between the minimum voltage and the reference voltage. Power is adjusted and supplied when the measured voltage is not between the minimum voltage and the reference voltage.


Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a major cause of disease and death in developing countries. More than a million people die from acute respiratory infections in India every year. They are responsible for a heavy burden of death, illness and high economic costs all over the world. These infections become life threatening especially in situations prevailing in developing countries. The death toll from ARI among Indians is higher than all the number of deaths combined from HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis. In spite of this, ARI remains a relatively ignored problem. A community based longitudinal study was done involving 3135 children of 0–5 years of age group in the rural health practice area of Rama Medical College Kanpur. They constituted 14.94% of the total population. Percentage wise distribution according to age was 0-1yrs (24.30%), 1-2yrs (22.99%), 2-3yrs (19.20%), 3–4 yrs (16.82%) and 4–5 yrs (16.69%). Children without ARI were 658 (20.98%). Children with ARI were 2477 (79.02%). Total episodes of ARI were 10122. Thus, for every 5 children, 4 suffered from ARI. Risk factors like type of family, low birth weight, were found to be significantly associated with acute respiratory infection.


GM‐CSF is widely used in combination with IL‐4 to differentiate monocytes into potent T cell stimulatory cells, referred to as monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (MoDC). These cytokines further increased the stimulatory function of MoDC when present during their incubation with antigen, as determined by the proliferative response of an allergen‐specific T cell clone. Conversely, the incubation of freshly isolated monocytes with antigen in the presence of GM‐CSF or GM‐CSF and IL‐4 strongly inhibited the specific stimulation of the T cells, compared with monocytes pulsed in the absence of cytokines. This suppression was partly due to the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and IL‐10 by GM‐CSF‐treated monocytes, since the combined use of indomethacin and anti‐IL‐10 antibodies during GM‐CSF incubation and antigen pulsing restored T cell growth to about 65% of control levels. As confirmed by culture supernatant transfer experiments, maximal inhibition of T cell stimulation was also dependent on the direct contact between the T cells and GM‐CSF‐treated monocytes during antigen presentation. Collectively, these results imply that GM‐CSF can either inhibit or enhance the re‐stimulation of primed T cells by antigen‐presenting monocytes or MoDC, respectively.


The SHRIMP dating technique was applied to determine the U-Pb ages of zircons from the Yiwulushan granite,western Liaoning.The zircon samples were fresh and unweathered.The rock is coarse-grained biotite monzogranite.Through accurate measurements three ages were obtained;they are ~2500,224 and 161 Ma.The upper intercept age of ~2500 Ma is the record of the evolution of the Archean old continental nucleus;the crystallization age of 224 Ma is the record of the Indosinian tectono-thermal event;and the magmatic emplacement age of 161 Ma is the record of orogeny of the main orogenic phase of the Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental orogenic belt in the Yanshan area and also an age when the regional structural regime started transition.


Long-term stability is the major goal of orthodontic treatment. However, long-term observation of treated cases after retention often reveals a disturbing degree and frequency of relapse. Relaxin is a member of the insulin/relaxin family of structurally related hormones. This hormone is produced in many mammals during pregnancy, and has been shown to promote cervical softening and elongation of interpubic ligaments in mice and cattle. Furthermore, relaxin is related to many other physiologic processes, such as collagen turnover, angiogenesis, and antifibrosis in both males and females. So far, no study concerning the effect of relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement has been done. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether local administration of relaxin in rats has an effect on relapse after orthodontic tooth movement and to explore the molecular mechanism of its role. In the present study, the upper first molars were moved mesially in 16male, 6-week-old, Wistar strain rats using a coil spring with a force of 10g. After 14days, the appliance was removed, animals in the experimental group were given attachment gingivae injections of relaxin at 20μl for 7days, and animals in the control group received phosphate-buffered saline. The results were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT). At days 0, 14 and 21 after tooth movement, histopathological features were examined by immunohistochemistry based on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Relapse distances and percentages were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to those of the control group. Relapse in the control group was greater and faster than that in the experimental group. The ratio of PCNA-positive cells increased at day 14 after tooth movement and then decreased at day 21. Our results indicated that relaxin inhibited the relapse of experimentally moved rat molars, and this hormone might prevent relapse following orthodontic treatment.


Plagiarism is a problem that is becoming more prevalent as technology advances and the use of computer systems grows in comparison to previous generations. Plagiarism is the unauthorized use of another person's work. Since manual plagiarism detection is difficult, this method should be automated. Plagiarism detection can be done using a variety of methods. Some of the research focuses on intrinsic plagiarism, while others focus on extrinsic plagiarism. Data mining is an area that can assist in both detecting plagiarism and improving the reliability of the operation. Plagiarism can be detected using a variety of data mining techniques. Text mining, clustering, bi-grams, tri-grams, and n-grams are some of the techniques that can assist with this. In this paper we will use the data mining techniques to increase the efficiency of detection of plagiarism.


The recent revision of the International Health Regulations, say Wilson and colleagues, is both long overdue and eminently necessary to face the challenges of an increasingly globalized world.


The recent economic recession in the U.S. and in the E.U. is enhancing entrepreneurship processes around the world. Old forms of production are becoming obsolete along with old ways of organizing the economy and society. This scenario and the emergence of new leadership processes have prompted an increase in entrepreneurship focused on the needs of new niches. One of the sectors in the U.S. that has shown major growth during the last decade is the wine sector. The increase of national and international market competition in the wine sector has prompted new entrepreneurship and leadership processes in this sector. As a result, it seems timely and appropriate to expand our understanding of effective entrepreneurship and leadership processes in the U.S. wine industry. The dissertation's main contributions are to: (a) expand the understanding of the dynamics of entrepreneurship, (b) expand the understanding of how human cognition relates to its contexts in order to make entrepreneurship effective, (c) identify two types of leadership that are key for achieving companies' sustained competitive advantage, (d) expand the understanding of how human cognition relates to its contexts in order to make leadership effective, (e) identify the structures (traits and processes) that effective entrepreneurship and leadership share, (f) identify the synergies between entrepreneurship and leadership, and (g) bring useful insights to the nine wineries interviewed so that they can address their current challenges more effectively.


Abstract : The evolution of the first and second moments of the photon density distribution for a two-mode laser system was studied by proposing appropriate transition rate expressions and using the Kubo equations developed for a Chapman-Kolmogorov system. A numerical analysis technique was used in solving the rate equations and computer plots were generated for various combinations of laser parameter values. Anomalously large fluctuations, similar to those occurring in single-mode lasers, were observed during photon buildup of the modes. When only one mode was oscillating, a photon buildup in the non-lasing mode was seen to cause similar fluctuations in the lasing mode. In all cases, these fluctuations were accompanied by a strong linear relationship between the modes. (Author)


Background Previous research of spectators at professional golf tournaments has highlighted that obtaining exercise/physical activity (PA) can be a motivator to attend, and that spectators can engage in health-enhancing PA while at the event. We assessed whether attending a golf event and receiving an intervention improve knowledge and change attitudes related to physical activity, and self-reported physical activity 3 months later. Methods Follow-up observational study. Spectators at a European Tour Golf event were given a leaflet about physical activity and health. Three months after that event, we emailed a questionnaire to all 326 spectators who had participated in the original study and provided us their contact details. Results 135 spectators (41.4%) completed the questionnaire. Among responders, 68.0% 'agreed/strongly agreed' that their knowledge relating to PA had increased, 65.1% agreed/strongly agreed that receiving this information at the event made them consider increasing physical activity in daily life and 40.4% reported that they had increased their physical activity during the 3 months after the golf tournament. Principal findings/conclusions Golf spectators may contemplate/prepare to increase PA in daily life while a smaller number self-report an increase in PA during the 3 months post intervention at a golf tournament. Spectators' preferred method for receiving information about 'active spectating' is via a big screen. These findings are presented with caution, as respondents may not be representative of all golf spectators.


This paper aims to present history of American literature and its periods. It also presents the characteristics of 20th century American novel and tries to find out the techniques of psychological novel which include the following: stream of consciousness, flashback and interior monologue. These three features have great effects in characterization of modern writers. Early writers portray their characters from outside, they do not handle internal world of characters, and they are not concerned with the psychological dimensions. Modern writers in 20th century focus on these techniques to form new style of a novel and analysis of characters through them. They contribute to heed human psyche, internal communication and psychological dimensions analysis. The writers of psychological novel heed with the internal world of the characters and psychological spaces inside them. They use these techniques to portray their characters in specific frame different from other types of writing forms. These three features play very important role in the analysis of the characters in deep style. They enable modern writers to stroll deeply in the inner world of their characters and to find out their psychological dimensions.


The losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and C. chinensis Linn. In black gram, Vigna mungo L. & Hepper (urd), and green gram, Vigna radiata Wilczk. (moong) stored for six months In four types of structures, viz., bags, mud Kothi or Kachcha Kothi, earthen pots and tin containers were assessed in 12 districts of Madhya Pradesh (India). These districts included Bhind, Bilaspur, Chhindwara, Chhattarpur, Dhar, Guna, Hoshangabad, Mandsaur, Rajnandgaon, Raipur, Sidhi and Sehor. Irrespective of the structure used in storage of these two pulses, the maximum losses due to pulse beetles were recorded in urd (22.3%) and moong (25.5%) in Bhind district. Per cent germination substantially increased in stored pulses as compared to freshly harvested pulses. Regardless of the districtfrom where the samples or pulses were collected, the maximum damage was caused by pulse beetles in urd (8.7%) vis-a-vis moong (8.3%) stored in bags. These pulses stored 10 bags were significantly more prone to attack by pulse beetles when compared with tin containers. The pulses sotred in other two structures, viz., mud Kothi and earthen pots were similarly vulnerable to pulse beetles. Tin containers proved to be the best structures for storage of urd and moong at farm level. Moong was relatively preferred than urd during storage by pulse beetles.


Abstract This article presents and juxtaposes multiple constructed representations of single motherhood. Combining a case-study approach with 'values-based cartooning', as defined and developed in her interdisciplinary, practice-based Ph.D., the author accesses diverse experiences of single motherhood and attempts to portray and disrupt assumptions about single-mother 'types'. The author then contextualizes her practice within contemporary comics scholarship, adding visual and narrative layers to the discourse on single motherhood. This represents an innovative research method which requires skill in cartooning and graphic facilitation, as well as insight into the complexities of representing social issues through these media.


Recently, it was proven empirically that facial expressions can be modelled as isometries, that is, geodesic distances on the facial surface were shown to be significantly less sensitive to facial expressions compared to Euclidean ones. Based on this assumption, the 3DFACE face recognition system was built. The system efficiently computes expression invariant signatures based on isometry-invariant representation of the facial surface. One of the crucial steps in the recognition system was embedding of the face geometric structure into a Euclidean (flat) space. Here, we propose to replace the flat embedding by a spherical one to construct isometric invariant representations of the facial image. We refer to these new invariants as spherical canonical images. Compared to its Euclidean counterpart, spherical embedding leads to notably smaller metric distortion. We demonstrate experimentally that representations with lower embedding error lead to better recognition. In order to efficiently compute the invariants we introduce a dissimilarity measure between the spherical canonical images based on the spherical harmonic transform.


The use of non-linear parabolic equations (the heat flow method) to find solutions of corresponding elliptic equations goes back to Eells-Sampson in 1964. In their seminal paper [ES], Eells and Sampson introduced the heat flow for harmonic maps to establish the existence of smooth harmonic maps from a compact Riemmanian manifold into a Riemmanian manifold having non-positive section curvature. In general, the heat flow for harmonic maps even on two dimensional manifolds may develop singularity at finite time (cf. [CDY]). Struwe [St1] established the existence of the unique global weak solution, which is smooth with exception of at most finitely many points, to the heat flow for harmonic maps in two dimensions. The harmonic map flow in two dimensions is very similar to the Yang-Mills flow in four dimensions. It is desirable to have a similar picture for Yang-Mills flow. In this paper, we consider the Yang-Mills flow in a vector bundle over four dimensional manifolds. Let X be a compact 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold and let E → X be a vector bundle with a compact Lie group G. Let A be a connection on E. The Yang-Mills functional is


Objective/Hypothesis Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing has become a well‐established test to explore the sacculo‐collic pathways in human. The aim of the present study is to establish a clinical indication for saccular hydrops by VEMP testing.


In the present invention, novel aryl, heteroaryl, and non-aromatic heterocycle-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline is explained. These compounds are used to treat a variety of neurological and physiological disorders. In the present invention, a method of making these compounds are described.


Two-dimensional linear prediction algorithms the past 30 years have predicted to a single point [1]. A more proper approach that fully utilizes the two-dimensional statistical information in the 2-D autocorrelation is to make a 2-D linear prediction based on an edge prediction rather than a single point prediction. This paper introduces this 2-D linear prediction edge approach and integrates it into a computationally fast 2-D minimum variance spectral technique. The improvement in edge-based 2-D linear prediction is illustrated with an actual data source of complex synthetic aperture radar phase history data. It is shown that the new edge approach creates a fully 2-D white residual from the 2-D linear prediction algorithm.


The interaction between physical and human geography is obvious as both are two sub disciplines of parent subject Geography. But it has been felt that the gap between the two sub disciplines has been increasing as time passed. It has been tried to seek answer of the question that why the gap between these two sister disciplines has been increasing day by day putting the Tobler's first law of Geography, 'Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things' as the base statement in the growth of specialization also. If we follow the first law of Geography, physical and human geography place nearest of each other than the subject of sociology, political science, economics etc. as they bifurcated from the same discipline. But most probably it's the geographers attitudes due to which the gap between physical and human geography has been increasing. The development of Geospatial Technology opens up new vistas to the geographers for the spatial or geographical analysis of the infinitely complex earth. It helps improve the data acquisition, analysis, interpretation and storing irrespective to physical or human geography. This paper will try to analyse the role of Geospatial Technology in dislocating or bridging the gap between physical and human geography as a holistic science for the people and place.


BACKGROUND
Both aging, disease and malignant transformation of the skin are associated with changes in DNA methylation. So far mostly invasive methodologies such as biopsies have been applied towards collecting DNA methylation signatures. Tape-stripping offers a non-invasive option for skin diagnostics. It enables the easy but robust capture biological material, in large numbers of participants without the need for specialized medical personnel.

OBJECTIVES
To design and validate a methodology for non-invasive skin sample collection using tape-stripping for subsequent DNA methylation analysis.

METHODS
A total of 175 participants were recruited and provided tape-stripping samples from a sun-exposed area, 92 of those provided matched tape-stripping samples from a sun-protected area, and an additional 5 provided matched skin-shave biopsies from the same area. Using enzymatic conversion and whole genome Illumina sequencing, we generated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles which we used to evaluate the feasibility of non-invasive data acquisition, to compare with established sampling approaches and to investigate biomarker identification for age and UV exposure.

RESULTS
We found that tape-stripping samples show strong concordance in their global DNA methylation landscapes with those of conventional invasive biopsies. Moreover, we show sample reproducibility and consistent global methylation profiles in skin tape-stripping samples collected from different parts of the body. Using matched samples from sun-protected and sun-exposed areas of the body we were able to validate the capacity of our method to capture the effects of environmental changes and aging from a cohort covering various ages, ethnicities, and skin types. We present DNA methylation changes on the skin resulting from UV exposure and identify a significant age-related hypermethylation of CpG islands, with a pronounced peak effect at 50-55 years of age, including methylation changes in well-described markers of aging.

CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate the feasibility of using tape-stripping combined with whole genome sequencing as a non-invasive approach to measure DNA methylation changes in the skin. In addition, they outline a viable experimental framework for the use of skin tape-stripping, particularly when that is performed in large cohorts of patients to identify biomarkers of skin aging, UV damage, and possibly to track treatment response to therapeutic interventions.


The Network Who are the Users? Internet Services Additional Internet Features and Potential Services Commercial Opportunities on the Internet Electronic Publishing Private Use for Corporate Purposes Establishing Contact with Your Clients Equipment and Software Understanding the Web Page Where to Start? Installing Your Website on the Internet Protecting Your Precious Data Finding the Right Provider Maintenance of Internet Services Promoting Your Web Site Taking Care of Business Business Ethics Making Your Business Evolve on the Internet What Does the Future Hold? Glossary Index


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Chapter 6 discusses the significance of the results described in this thesis and future perspectives.
The main goal of the thesis was the application of SCS enriched liposomes to improve chemotherapy outcome, by enhancing drug bioavailability in target tumor cells. Development of SCS (C8-GluCer or C8-GalCer) enriched liposomes containing Dox and MTO was successfully achieved with optimal characteristics from a pharmaceutical point of view, for use in vitro and vivo studies and to advance pharmaceutical development of such formulations toward clinical application, which is currently ongoing for C8-GluCer-Dox-liposomes.
In vitro studies revealed that the SCS drug uptake enhancing and cytotoxic properties were displayed preferentially in tumor cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that this was related to preferential accumulation of SCS in tumor cell membranes.
Intravital microscopic imaging proved that intratumoral bioavailable drug levels for SCS-liposomal treatment exceeded standard liposomal treatment in a MDA MB-231 tumor model. Therapeutic studies in an orthotopic breast cancer model demonstrated improved therapeutic efficacy of C8-GluCer enriched MTO-liposomes compared to standard MTO-liposomes.
SCS-enriched liposomal chemotherapy represents a novel attractive drug delivery approach, which combines the benefits of reduced toxicity and improved tumor accumulation of drugs through nanoliposomal encapsulation with enhanced intracellular drug delivery by SCS-mediated tumor cell membrane permeabilization. In these studies we've broadened the application using different glycosphingolipids to formulate two chemotherapeutic drugs. Given their proven therapeutic potential, the performed pharmaceutical optimization of formulations will contribute to ultimate near future clinical application. Next to a translational direction, future studies will aim at further broadening of this drug delivery platform to include novel chemotherapeutic drugs, new SCS lipids and the search for optimal SCS – drug combinations for improved drug delivery. A further understanding of the working mechanism, especially in relation to the tumor cell membrane lipid composition will help to find efficient tumor cell-specific drug delivery routes for various chemotherapeutic drugs.


Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent in schizophrenia. Unhealthy lifestyles, such as overeating, smoking and sedentary behavior are more common in schizophrenia than in the general population and play an important role in the development of MetS (Papanastasiou, 2012). Key to adaptive health behavior is the ability to evaluate reward and risk accurately, which is mediated by the reward circuit in the brain (Haber and Knutson, 2010). This is implicated in schizophrenia (De Leeuw et al., 2014). Examining MetS in relation to these reward areas informs us about the neural circuitry that may drive unhealthy behavior and MetS prevalence in schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy-one patients with schizophrenia (age/SD = 29.6 ± 5.8) were divided in 2 groups, those with MetS (MetS+; n = 23) and without (MetS−; n = 48). With ANCOVAs we examined global structural MRI differences between MetS+ and MetS− groups in volumes of total brain, grey matter, white matter, ventricles, and in regional volumes of orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, amygdala and thalamus. Furthermore, as an exploratory step we investigated cortical thickness and surface area of significantly different volumes. Results: Patients with schizophrenia and MetS compared to those without MetS had significantly smaller total brain (P = .016) and grey matter (P = .003) volumes, a larger ventricular volume (P = .012), and smaller orbitofrontal cortex (P = .002) and insula (P = .005) volumes, which was FDR corrected, with age, gender and intracranial volume as covariates. The volume reductions in orbitofrontal cortex and insula were driven by their cortical surface area (P = .007; P = .024, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia and MetS compared to those without MetS had smaller global brain volumes (ie, total brain, grey matter, ventricles) as well as regional structural reductions in orbitofrontal cortex and insula, both structures implicated in the reward circuitry. This suggests that faulty reward circuitry might lead to an increased rate of MetS in schizophrenia.References1. De Leeuw M, Kahn RS, Vink M. Fronto–striatal dysfunction during reward processing in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41(1):94–103.2. Haber SN, Knutson B. The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):4–26.3. Papanastasiou E. Interventions for the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: a review. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2012;3(5):141–162.


Objective
To build a rapid detection of pathogens and resistant genes customized chips, preliminarily establish rapid clinical surgical infection pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance gene detection platform.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was made on 7 893 hospitalized patients admitted from January 2008 to December 2011 with bacterial culture results in Peking University People's Hospital Surgical Department, customized rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance gene DNA chip was developed, and used to detect 124 clinical specimens.

Results
Compared with culture identification and gene sequencing identification, DNA chip results showed high specificity (93.5-100)% and sensitivity (76.4-100)%, as well as the resistance gene detection and no significant difference was found between gene sequencing, DNA chip testing time (8.68±0.39)h significantly less than the traditional testing method (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Construction of customized chips based on hospital bacteria spectrum is feasible, rapid and accurate acquirement of infectious pathogens information helps the treatment for surgical infection.

Key words:
Genetic testing; Bacteria; Drug resistance


On account of a number of physiological effects such as antihypertensive,inhibi-ting metastasis of tumor etc.coupled with a substantial structural challenge,forskolin,(1),has emerged as a highly attractive target for synthetic and pharmacological investigations.This paper reviews the strategies in the syntheses of forskolin as well as its derivertives andtheir pharmacological activities.


Using patient-level data from 35 hospitals for 6 cardiovascular surgeries in New York, we provide empirical evidence that outcome differences between health care providers are heterogeneous across different groups of patients. We then use a causal tree approach to identify patient groups that exhibit significant differences in outcome. By quantifying these differences, we demonstrate that a large majority of patients can achieve better expected outcomes by selecting providers based on patient-centric outcome information. We also show how patient-centric outcome information can help providers to improve their processes and payers to design effective pay-for-performance programs.


The present invention discloses a method for automatic identification and early counting of granulosa cells (the EGC) method and system for blood sample. In one embodiment, the blood sample for identifying the EGC method comprising using low angle light scatter (LALS) parameter to analyze white blood cells in a sample, using the EGC LALS with other parameters to leukapheresis, and counts divided into two isolated EGC.


An efficient diversity reception technique for Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) systems is proposed. For supporting legacy T-DMB receivers by assuming a single receive antenna, the combined signal of multiple receive antennas is supplied to the tuner input of DMB devices. We propose a diversity combining method on the basis of cyclic delay diversity (CDD) at the receiver side, and by increasing the frequency diversity gain, the proposed scheme can achieve significant performance gain with simple implementation complexity when compared with the other diversity combining schemes.


Let X be a K3 surface with a polarization H of degree H = 2rs, r, s ≥ 1, and the isotropic Mukai vector v = (r, H, s) is primitive. The moduli space of sheaves over X with the Mukai vector v = (r, H, s) is again a K3 surface, Y . We prove that Y ∼= X if the Picard lattice N(X) has an element h1 with (h1) = f(v) and minor additional congruence conditions modulo Ni(v). All these conditions are exactly written, very efficient, and they are necessary if X is general with rk N(X) ≤ 2. Existence of such kind a criterion is very surprising, and it also gives some geometric interpretation of elements in N(X) with a negative square. Moreover, we describe all irreducible divisorial conditions on moduli of (X,H) which imply Y ∼= X, and we prove that their number is always infinite. Thus, we treat in general problems considered in [MN1], [MN2] and [N4], where the additional condition H · N(X) = Z had been imposed. 0. Introduction Let X be a K3 surface with a polarization H of degree H = 2rs where r, s ∈ N. Assume that the isotropic Mukai vector v = (r, H, s) is primitive. Let Y be the moduli space of sheaves (coherent and semi-stable with respect to H) over X with the isotropic Mukai vector v = (r, H, s). The Y (or, in special cases, its minimal resolution of singularities which we denote by the same letter Y ) is again a K3 surface which is equipped with a natural nef element h with h = 2ab where we denote c = g.c.d(r, s) and a = r/c, b = s/c (see Sect. 2.1 below). The surface Y is isogenous to X in the sense of Mukai. The second Chern class of the corresponding quasi-universal sheave gives then a 2-dimensional algebraic cycle Z ⊂ X×Y and an algebraic correspondence between X and Y . See Mukai [Mu1]— [Mu5] and also Abe [A] about these results. Let H be divisible by d ∈ N where H̃ = H/d is primitive in the Picard lattice N(X) of X . Primitivity of v = (r, H, s) means that g.c.d(r, d, s) = g.c.d(c, d) = 1. We have d|ab. Let γ = γ(H̃) is defined by H̃ · N(X) = γZ, i.e. H · N(X) = γd. Clearly, γ|(2rs/d) = H̃. We denote n(v) = g.c.d(r, s, dγ).


Ultrasonic tomography was investigated for the testing of alternating layers of fiber-reinforced composite and rubber bonded between two steel components. The method used nonparallel linear arrays in a crosswell configuration and an iterative reconstruction technique. A waveform and spectrum analysis method was also developed to provide greater sensitivity to material variations. The results show that these structures can be inspected with excellent spatial and material property definition using elementary tomography and signal processing approaches.


The paper examines the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in a sample of 3217 Croatian war veterans, and the influence of different features of pre-war, wartime and post-war status of the respondents on the onset of the disorder. Based on the results of two different instruments used (Mississippi Combat Scale and Watson PTSD Interview), 25% war veterans were classified in the "partial PTSD" category (the disorder diagnosed on 1 instrument). whereas 16,22% were denoted as "true PTSD" (the disorder diagnosed on both instruments administered. Although the PTSD incidence in veteran population is primarily ascribed to exposure to war stressors, recent studies highlight the importance of pre-war, war-time and post-war psychosocial features (family stability, family relations, social life, possible alcohol and drug use) in onset and development of the disorder. Therefore, in the second part of the research respondents with comparable number of war stressors experienced were singled out from the basic sample, and categorized into three groups: "no PTSD", "partial PTSD" and "true PTSD". Differences in pre-war, war-time and post-war status features among the three sub-groups were examined by discriminative analysis, which revealed the influence of the pre-war connative status and social functioning of war veterans on the onset of PTSD, as well as on the onset of acute and chronic health problems in veteran population during and after the war. 36 IAMPS Split, CROATIA 2000 133 PTSD is a set of reactions emerging in normal people exposed to abnormal traumatic events and situations. PTSD symptoms are primarily a response to specific trauma experiences and in a first (acute) stage can be considered as part of psychological recovery process. Acute combat stress and post-traumatic distress are by no means sign of weakness or cowardice, as was the dominant belief in the centuries-long history of warfare, but a natural warning that human beings are not robots insensitive towards terrors of war. Events occuring in the battlefield leave trace on their witnesses -regardless of how well they have been selected, trained and motivated, they cannot avoid the shock at the extent and degree of human suffering they witness to or are affected themselves. The first shock, or acute combat stress, in time may grow into a disorder nowadays known as post-traumatic stress disorder, which is characterized by coexistence of three groups of symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance and increased arousal. Post-traumatic stress disorder victims are torn between the "shadows of the past" and inability to forget, tension, irritability and violent outbursts of anger, which alternate with periods of exhaustion, dumbness, depressiveness, withdrawal and isolation. However, PTSD need not necessarily develop in all individuals exposed to a traumatic experience. In peace-time (e.g. cases of sudden death of a close person, rape, terrorist attack, serious accidents, disaster or another traumatic situation) incidence of the disorder ranges between 0,5% and 7%, whereas in combatants it varies from 15 % to up to 50% of cases. Also, progression of the disorder from acute stage, noticeable within first months following the trauma, into chronic form, characterized by extended disturbances, will occur in some individuals, whereas most those affected will recover spontaneously. Whether post-traumatic stress disorder will occur, how severe and whether it will grow into a chronic condition depends on the features of traumatic experience but also on complex interaction of intervening biological, psychological and social factors. This paper aims to provide answers to two basic questions concerning the problem of the post-traumatic syndrome in Croatian war veterans: 1) what is the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in veteran population and 2) what features of psychosocial status of Croatian veterans (pre-war, wartime and postwar status) could have facilitated the onset and development of the disorder regardless of the features of the traumatic experience. At this occasion we will present only some results of an extensive research on posttraumatic stress disorder in Homeland Defence War veterans.


In laser/arc hybrid welding system a unitary heat source is built by combining a laser beam with an electric arc. In this combined heat source, the laser beam has to pass through the high temperature, highly ionised arc plasma before it can reach the workpiece to be welded. The objective of the study is to determine how much of the laser energy is absorbed by a welding arc since arc plasma is not fully transparent to Nd:YAG laser beam. Experimental measurements were conducted by making use of a laser power meter. Readings from the meter were compared with and without the laser beam passing through an electric arc under various conditions. The absorption coefficient was calculated using a simple exponential relationship. Experiments were specifically designed to evaluate two groups of influencing factors on the absorption coefficient. Varying the welding arc current from 50 to 250 A and using shielding gases of pure argon, pure helium and helium with metal vapour enabled the evaluation of different the plasma states for laser powers of 500W and 3 kW.In laser/arc hybrid welding system a unitary heat source is built by combining a laser beam with an electric arc. In this combined heat source, the laser beam has to pass through the high temperature, highly ionised arc plasma before it can reach the workpiece to be welded. The objective of the study is to determine how much of the laser energy is absorbed by a welding arc since arc plasma is not fully transparent to Nd:YAG laser beam. Experimental measurements were conducted by making use of a laser power meter. Readings from the meter were compared with and without the laser beam passing through an electric arc under various conditions. The absorption coefficient was calculated using a simple exponential relationship. Experiments were specifically designed to evaluate two groups of influencing factors on the absorption coefficient. Varying the welding arc current from 50 to 250 A and using shielding gases of pure argon, pure helium and helium with metal vapour enabled the evaluation of different the pla...


Abstract: eliminating a temporal delay correction loop by the main control loop and the frequency deviation by the speed command to realize a highly accurate synchronous control. Centralized control device Cm of A master section An input of a frequency proportional to the speed setting to the phase detector P The m provided, and sends the rotational phase signal obtained by the phase detector Pm to the slave section. Slave section control device Cs1, Cs2 receives a rotational phase signal, to detect both the master speed setting signal and the master phase setting signals at the same time. The control device Cs1, Cs 2 motors Ds1, Ds2 of the rotary encoder R s1, obtain the speed feedback signal and the phase feedback signal at the same time from the output of the Rs2. And, And phase deviation of the master phase setting signals and the phase feedback signal, the master speed setting signal based on the speed feedback signal, the synchronous control of the electric motor performed.


There is a need to quantify real-world particle number emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) because of the known toxic properties of ultrafine and nanoparticles, the large number of LDGVs on the road, and the lack of field measurements of particle number (not mass) emissions during real-world vehicle operation. Onboard tailpipe gas and particle number concentrations and vehicle operating data were collected second by second with an instrumented 1999 Toyota minivan driven multiple times on a 17-mi test route by 22 drivers. Time-series cross-section regression analysis was applied to individual test runs to develop a suitable model for predicting particle number concentration based on gaseous pollutant concentrations and sampling conditions. The results indicate that particle number concentration can be effectively predicted from gas concentrations, ambient air temperature and relative humidity, and exhaust temperature. The model signifies the physical relationships between particle number and gas concentrations with respect to gas-to-particle formation processes and implies the possibility of future use of existing gaseous pollutant concentration databases for particle number prediction from a wider range of vehicles.


In a Project Syndicate column that I wrote on January 27, 2020, I predicted a turning point in the spread of the novel coronavirus in China by the second or third week of February and the end of the epidemic by early May. That projection is based on a combination of the experience in ending the SARS epidemic in 2003 with aggressive government actions and the information on the life cycle of the virus. We now do see a clear turning point in China - the total number of serious and critical cases have been on a declining path since February 22, 2020, and the new case count has stayed low since mid-February…. © 2020 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.


The nanocomposite has been prepared on the basis of the siliconized polyester impregnating varnish added with nanosilica by using the own patented method. The properties of the nanocomposited and standard varnishes were determined and compared. A clear increase of bond strength and thermal endurance was found although the most improved property have appeared the resistance to partial discharges under pulse voltage 20 kHz/1.1 kV. While the pure varnish lifetime was only 5 minutes, after adding of nanosilica no failure appeared even after 100 hours. Other polyester varnishes modified earlier by us with nanosilica have also shoved improved durability but the lifetimes reached only about 100 minutes. It is to be supposed that the kind of a base polymer is the matter. The siliconized polyester varnish with nanosilica shows much better resistance to partial discharges than unsiliconized one.


[Objective] To understand the infection status of syphilis,HIV and HCV among drug addicts and their related risk behaviors in Urumqi City[Methods]A serology monitoring was conducted among 252 drug addicts,then the relative behavior questionnaire survey was applied.[Results] The HIV infection rate in 252 drug addicts was 18.7%,and the positive rate of HIV among uighur was higher than any other nation(χ2=10.64,P0.01).The positive rate of HIV drug addicts sharing injection equipment(48.7%)was higher than the drug addicts without injection equipment sharing(14.4%) with significant difference(χ2=23.17,P0.01).[Conclusion]The propaganda and intervention of drug addicts should be strengthened in Shuimogou District,and the spread of AIDS should be controlled.


Background: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual cycles due to the loss of ovarian activity. This phase is characterized by physiological changes, mostly influenced by the decrease of estrogen and progesterone, as well as by the aging of tissues. These changes can involve oral cavity. Postmenopausal women are prone to changes in the oral cavity such as volume, salivary pH and oral conditions such as ulceration, bleeding gums, dry mouth and caries due to hormonal changes. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the differences in volume, salivary pH and oral conditions in menopausal women and non-menopausal women. Method: This study was using an analytic comparative method. The data obtained was secondary data from the results of the Unpad Lecturer Competency Research (RKDU) by taking a convenience sampling of 27 menopausal women and using simple random sampling of 27 non-menopausal women. The volume and salivary pH were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and the data on the condition of the oral cavity were analyzed using the z-parametric test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in salivary volume (p=0.0016), salivary pH (p=0.0191) and caries (p=0.0142), and there was no significant differences in ulceration conditions (p=0.5), bleeding gums (p=0.0806) and dry mouth (p= 0.2756) in menopausal women and non-menopausal women. Conclusion: There are differences in salivary volume, salivary pH and caries conditions, but there are no differences in ulceration, bleeding gums and dry mouth conditions in menopausal women and non-menopausal women.  Keywords: Menopausal women, Oral changes, Saliva pH, Saliva volume


The utility model discloses an electric energy meter based on the technology of USB host machines, which comprises a measuring module, a power module, a management module, a communication module, a display module and a USB host machine interface unit, wherein the management module comprises an MCU chipset, an EEPROM memory, a FLASH memory and an RTC real-time clock, the USB host machine interface unit comprises a USB master control chipset, a USB adapter, a protective circuit for power wires and signal wires, the MCU chipset is connected with the USB master control chipset by a parallel port. The utility model applies the technology of USB host machines, and users can store the data of the electric energy meter into a USB disc. Cooperating with the software of an upper computer, the utility model can rapidly produce a daily report, a monthly report, a curve diagram, and the like, for an electrical system, and users can achieve visual and accurate data of the electric energy meter in a short time. With the guarantee of a reasonable and reliable encryption algorithm, users can setup the parameters of the electric energy meter by the USB disc to make the management of electric power simple and quick.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be a cost saving and easy to deploy solution to implement a temporary network infrastructure. They can act as access points in scenarios such as emergency situations, special events, or specific area monitoring. Two main deployment families can be found in the literature. The first one, the location-based family, is based on the fundamental assumption that the network user positions are known. We do believe that this could not suit the most general scenarios. On the other hand, the location-independent family can not be as efficient as the first one. The main idea in this paper is to introduce a new crowd-based family, based on a probabilistic knowledge of user positions. We then propose a self-deployment method built on a Coulomb's law analogy where users and UAVs act as electrical charges. Short range interactions are implemented through network sensing, while long range ones use a crowd-based approach. Some numerical results are depicted, showing the performance of this self-deploying mechanism as well as a comparison with a well-known clustering algorithm.


Purpose To study the metabolic alterations of probable Alzheimer disease with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for better understanding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease. Methods STEAM 1H MRS were performed in the frontal lobe in 15 patients with probable Alzheimer disease and in 15 healthy control on 2.0T MRI/MRS system. The height of resonance peak of different metabolites was measured and the ratios of the other metabolites to Cr were calculated. We also studied the correlation between the ratio of NAA/Cr, mI/Cr and MMSE (mini mental state examination), and the volume of hippocampal formation. Results on patients with probable AD, there was a significant reduction in the metabolite ratios NAA/Cr in frontal lobe cohort compared with the control group. In addition, the AD group showed a significant elevation in the mI/Cr ratio in frontal lobe cohort compared with the control group. There were no significantly differences of the ratio Cho/Cr between healthy control and patients with probable AD. Significant correlation between NAA/Cr, mI/Cr and MMSE, and the volume of hippocampal formation with probable AD. Conclusion 1H MRS could provide biochemical and metabolic information for the pathophysiology investigation on patients with AD in vivo noninvasively. The combination of high mI and low NAA at examination with 1H MRS shows promise as an early diagnostic test for AD. [


The present invention discloses a yeast tablets hawthorn, which according to the following ratio prepared by hawthorn parts by weight of dried material, yeast, and magnesium stearate excipients: Hawthorn dry goods: from 50 to 200 parts; yeast powder: 20 ~ 100 parts; amount of magnesium stearate. The preparation method of hawthorn yeast tablets: Step 1: adding an appropriate amount of water after boiling slag filter to obtain a filtrate, and the filtrate was evaporated extract was concentrated to a relative density of 1.02 to 1.30 in the standby Hawthorn dry goods; second step: after each of the remaining material is milled through a 80 mesh sieve to obtain powder, and the hawthorn extract mixture from the first step into a soft material after granulation; step: magnesium stearate was added to the granules after drying, mixing , tableting after products. This advantage of the invention is to extract the active ingredients of Hawthorn, joined convenient chewable food products made from yeast extract, not only nutritious, carrying food, easy to save, and all ages, to improve the metabolic function and adjustment also special effects.


The studies over the local knowledge patterns between man and woman aim to understand specific characteristics of communities in order to develop better strategies for natural resources conservation. The objective of this study was to recognize the useful species and their forms of use in order to evaluate traditional Makuxi knowledge of genders and age in the Darora community, in Sao Marcos indigenous land, Roraima State, Northern Brazil. The botanical knowledge was analyzed, considering species richness, number of citations and plant uses between gender and age groups. The research was carried out using semi-structured interviews with 60 participants (36 men and 24 women), ranging from 18 to 84 years of age.  The interview data were compared between genders and three age groups ( 60 years of age). A total of 69 species and 2.100 citations were recorded (men, 69 species in 1.446 citations; women, 52 species in 654 citations). For the age groups, 53 species were mentioned by the category 60 years. This difference was also observed in the species uses and in its parts, being timber uses the most significant purposes among men, and medicinal and food among women. The study provided an analysis of the profile of the Darora community, i.e., they are explorers of the natural resources, mainly oriented towards construction, due to the relatively recent occupation of the area (ca. 75 years ago), which evidences that they are at the establishment stage, as well as the need for medicine, probably related to the lack of health care, to the cost of industrial drugs, and also due to the belief on traditional medicine effectiveness. Results show that respondents over 40 years of age have more botanical knowledge than the younger ones. Elder men were considered the most knowledgeable regarding to the number of species and citations.


This is a very interesting paper because it reveals important information regarding cardiac nursing in China (Cao et al. 2009). The paper describes adequately the advantages of specialised nursing knowledge in the cardiac area, especially in cardiac rehabilitation. In general, review papers have mainly two aims, first to describe and/or analyse a situation and second, to recommend ideas and propose ways for such change to occur in different areas of nursing science (education, clinical practice, research and management). The paper describes and analyses nursing practice in China and the need for change in cardiac nursing practice. Although the authors analyse the obstacles for changes in cardiac nursing (shortage of nursing staff, language problems, low prestige for nurses and the low number of nurse researchers engaged in research) they do not propose how these changes will occur in China. It is true that most countries have changed nursing education and practice due to inadequate outcomes in patient care. Nevertheless, it is not an easy task to change something; it is rather more complicated than it sounds. For example, the authors propose that the introduction of a doctoral programme, through collaboration with other universities, is a positive sign. This might help to engage more Chinese nurses in research, minimise the international isolation of Chinese nurses, promote nursing science in China and also recommend areas of research that Chinese nurses need to be involved with more in the future. However, there is a direct and positive interaction between nursing education and clinical practice (Bakalis et al. 2004). In other words, the purpose of nursing education, worldwide, is to prepare student nurses for profession clinical practice (Little et al. 1996). In China, the authors describe nursing as 'an adjunct profession', nurses are the 'doctors' legs' and nursing, as a profession, does not enjoy high prestige. Probably most hospitals in China are physician-run and nurses are subordinated to doctors. This philosophy towards the organisation of nursing clinical practice is not uncommon, as the authors point out. Many countries operate nursing under the 'biomedical model' of clinical practice (Heater et al. 2006). It seems that, to change something, it is necessary to view several areas of change and not a particular one. In other words, to change nursing education does not mean that clinical practice will change, especially when clinical practice is influenced by many factors. The nursing philosophy in any country is the most important issue that usually guides the other areas of nursing (McSherry et al. 1997). For example, the authors mentioned that, although cardiac rehabilitation programmes were established in China in 1991, nurses played a limited role. Why did this happen? It appears that Chinese doctors have introduced and are in charge of these programmes. Furthermore, the title of the paper mentions that nurses need to enhance the nursing role to improve health outcomes. How will Chinese nurses achieve this? Chinese nurses may need to examine more carefully the factors (nurses' prestige, preregistration education, postgraduate education, role, authority, autonomy, research) that influence the nursing philosophy in other countries and researchers should try to investigate altering some of the above factors. The interventions should rely not only on management and educational level (hospitals – universities) but also at the political level. Nurses, worldwide, must not forget how Florence Nightingale achieved the development of nursing science. She had the potential to change things but she also maintained correspondence with the politicians of her time.


Research purposes: The issues on engineering geology that should be pay attention to in the course of survey and alignment of the track in soft and softer rock foundation section are presented and the places in which the tunnel entrance should not be located when doing alignment are pointed out.Research methods:Through making analyses of the causes and features of landslide,the treatment measures are proposed.Research results:The issues on engineering geology that should be pay attention to in the course of survey and alignment of the track in soft and softer rock foundation section are presented.Research conclusions:At the bedding area or unfavourable structural surface,the construction should be done by section from up to down and the excavation at the base of slope by large scale is not allowed.If necessary,the calculation,analysis and verification of the stability should done and the construction should be done except in rainy season.When the excavation is done at the embankment and tunnel with large different lithology on the both side foundation or softer rock,the support and shelter facilities and monitoring for slope are needed.When the soil on both sides of embankment is thick,the support and shelter facilities should be prepared first and the monitoring should be done for the slopes on both sides.The railway line should avoid the side slopes with thick soil and ditches with large different lithology.The tunnel portal should be far away from ditches and located at the place with good foundation rock and without unfavourable geological condition.The surveys should be made for the slope top and bottom of side slope during period of survey.The enough holes should be drilled for the side slope of embankment and the side slope should be far away from the track if necessary.In the course of design,the attention should be paid to bedding area with large different lithology on both sides,especially to ditches.


In recent years scholars of U.S. culture and society have demonstrated heightened interest in theorizing and questioning the relationships of people to their physical environment. Scientific evidence of environmental calamity caused by modern lifestyles, and public concern about the fragility of a physical world whose resilience was previously taken for granted, have surely encouraged this turn toward environmental inquiry. Contemporary calls to pay attention to the environment have been, however, only a starting point; they have provided no clear intellectual direction to scholars whose expertise lies in discerning the meanings and values embedded in culture and society. Rather, it has been up to us to devise conceptual frameworks and avenues of inquiry that fruitfully connect our core concerns about culture and society to the physical environment, to landscapes of human activity, and to human experience of the physical world. Fortunately, American studies scholars have been aided by an exchange of ideas and methods with environmental historians. For decades, environmental historians have written declensionist narratives about the modern willful despoliation of our natural environment and belated efforts at restoration and protection, thereby offering a corrective to older nationalist narratives that stressed the inevitably positive outcomes


Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, MSU Studied GA's under John Holland at Michigan; was first to make practical use of one Has used genetic algorithms and genetic programming ever since, including for: parameterization of complex ecosystem models evolution of cooperative behavior in artificial life factory layout and scheduling protein folding and ligand docking design of shape and layup of composite structures design of mechatronic systems data mining and pattern classification Contributed to development of new types of parallel genetic algorithms Co-founder, VP Technology, Red Cedar Technology (tools for automated engineering design using EC) Chaired ICGA-97, GECCO-2001; chaired GECCO's sponsoring organization, ISGEC, from 2001-2004 Founding chair of ACM SIGEVO, 2005-2007. Named Michigan Distinguished Professor of the Year in 2009 by the Presidents Council, State Universities of Michigan PI and Director, new NSF Science and Technology Center, BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action ($50 million, 2010-2020)


An integrated database system for genome mapping and DNA sequence data was developed. The system seamlessly manages two different types of data each of which has a unique complex structure. A graphical user interface (GUI) enables easy retrieval of information obtained from genome mapping and DNA sequence data. The map data are imported from the Genome Data Base (GDB). The sequence data are imported from the GenBank. Two versions of the system were developed. The first version uses an internal database management routine. The other version has a Sybase relational database interface. Trade-offs between the two versions are discussed.<<ETX>>


Permanent magnet synchronous machine is widely used for electric vehicles traction because of its high power density and its efficiency on a large flux weakening range. This paper focuses in particular on the estimation of PMSM parameters using EKF, we present a study assessing the temperature variations impact on the behavior of PMSM motor, and therefore we propose to estimate the temperature-dependent parameters. The main contribution in this work is an effective method for estimating parameters or their temperature variation, makes it possible to study and to avoid performance degradation by tracking and adapting the parameters in torque observer in order to find the same performance at any temperature and can be also used for thermal monitoring, which allows for better availability of motor, without causing damage, however, the knowledge of degradation mechanisms also gives insight for the design of this machine. Nowadays, there are essentially maps of reference currents according to the torque and speed that are used by car manufacturers and no account is then given of the parameter variations. The effectiveness of the proposed estimation method verified by both simulation and experiment.


In order to improve a cold rolling lubrication model, the effects of this process on the formation and evolution of superficial layers in two alloys were studied by coupled surface and microscopy analysis. On the Al-Mg alloy, the friction on the metal asperities and their crushing provoke, by localized hardening and heating, the burying of debris in the substrate, the recrystallization of the metal within a layer of 250 nm and its recovery down to 20 μ m. On the steel, the oxide layer mainly becomes amorphous and plastic, because of a high incorporation of the lubricant, and heterogeneous at the nanoscopic scale.


Surface properties of objects such as gloss provide important information about the states or materials of objects in our visual experiences. Previous studies have shown that there are cortical regions responding to shapes, colors, faces etc. in the macaque visual cortex. However, we still lack the information about where the surface properties are processed in the macaque visual cortex. In this study, we examined whether there are regions activated by surface gloss, an important surface property, in the macaque visual cortex by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We trained two monkeys to fixate on a small spot on the screen in MRI scanner, while the images of glossy and matte objects were presented. As a control condition for low-level image features, such as spatial frequency or luminance contrast, we generated scrambled images by locally randomizing the luminance phases of images using wavelet filters. By contrasting the responses to glossy images to those to matte and scrambled images...


The exploration of the latent space in StyleGANs and GAN inversion exemplify impressive real-world image editing, yet the trade-off between reconstruction quality and editing quality remains an open problem. In this study, we revisit StyleGANs' hyperspherical prior $\mathcal{Z}$ and combine it with highly capable latent spaces to build combined spaces that faithfully invert real images while maintaining the quality of edited images. More specifically, we propose $\mathcal{F}/\mathcal{Z}^{+}$ space consisting of two subspaces: $\mathcal{F}$ space of an intermediate feature map of StyleGANs enabling faithful reconstruction and $\mathcal{Z}^{+}$ space of an extended StyleGAN prior supporting high editing quality. We project the real images into the proposed space to obtain the inverted codes, by which we then move along $\mathcal{Z}^{+}$, enabling semantic editing without sacrificing image quality. Comprehensive experiments show that $\mathcal{Z}^{+}$ can replace the most commonly-used $\mathcal{W}$, $\mathcal{W}^{+}$, and $\mathcal{S}$ spaces while preserving reconstruction quality, resulting in reduced distortion of edited images.


Contemporary speech technology struggles with the variation that occurs in natural speech. In order to explain such variation, researchers frequently refer to processes of energy optimisation that govern speech production. Although there is plenty of qualitative evidence, quantitative data about speech energetics are still sparse because it is difficult to acquire them from human subjects. To overcome this problem, an animatronic model of a human tongue and vocal tract (AnTon) was designed. Human anatomy provided the guideline for its construction; functional considerations were made only when an approximation using available technology proved impossible or infeasible. Thus, the behaviour of the model derives from, and is grounded in, its anatomy. The tongue model presented here was developed using these 'biomimetic' principles. The human tongue consists almost completely of interwoven muscle fibres whose topology allows for complex movements. The incompressibility of muscle tissue is an important prerequisite, a property it shares with water; such structures are therefore called 'muscular hydrostats'. The soft silicon that forms the artificial tongue body approximates incompressibility. Muscles are represented by filaments that run along paths resembling real muscle fibre orientation. Wherever muscle fibres follow a curved path, regularly spaced glass beads prevent filaments from cutting into the silicon. The filaments connect to meshes that are embedded into the tongue body and serve both as an attachment point and to distribute force evenly. The current tongue model comprises four of the main tongue muscles, represented by eleven filaments that are attached to servo motors. It is connected to a movable jaw and a hyoid bone; the latter is a horseshoe-shaped bone that supports the tongue root and is situated directly above the Adam's apple. AnTon is able to imitate a range of oral gestures and will be used for sound production as soon as the anterior part of the vocal tract is completed. Apart from studying speech energetics, AnTon has the potential to become a general tool for speech research, education, and speech therapy. A video is available on the AnTon project's website: http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/ robin/anton/anton.html.