Possible solutions to the commons problem have rarely been investigated systematically by the use of biological data on the status and sustainability of the resource. The edible White-spined Sea-urchin (Tripneustes ventricosus) resource of St Lucia, West Indies, is highly prized and vulnerable to exploitation, as is indicated by recent declines in its stocks. In the south-east of St Lucia the resource was almost entirely depleted in an area in which access was free and open. It was not depleted in the other two areas in which there were access controls. In one case, the area was under government control as a marine reserve; in the other, there was a locally practised 'closed season' and community-based management of access into a bay. The results of our study indicated that both government controls and informal, community-level controls can lead to successful resource-management outcomes. These findings challenge the 'conventional wisdom' that commonly-owned resources are destined to be overexploited.


Human olfactomedin‐4 (OLFM4) is a secreted protein involved in a variety of cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. OLFM4 expression has been studied in several tumor types including gastric, colorectal, lung, and endometrioid cancers where it has been suggested to be an independent favorable or unfavorable prognostic marker. For breast cancer, the clinical significance of OLFM4 is still unclear. In the present study, SWATH‐MS is used as a tool for the robust identification and quantification of breast tissue proteins. SWATH‐MS data show that OLFM4 expression is higher in DCIS than in invasive breast cancer. In‐depth analysis of the breast tumor proteome show that OLFM4 is a favorable pronostic marker. Serum OLFM4 levels in peripheral blood are also analyzed by ELISA in 825 cases, including 94 cases of healthy individuals, 61 cases of non‐invasive breast tumor (DCIS) and 670 cases of breast cancer (BC). It is found that serum OLFM4 levels are significantly higher in the DCIS cohort and in the breast cancer cohort compared with the healthy controls. This result suggests that circulating OLFM4 could be an interesting biomarker of early breast cancer. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014194.


Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 INTRODUCTION. What, Exactly, is a Molecular Structure? References. 2 EXPERIMENTAL MOLECULAR STRUCTURES. Electron Diffraction. Microwave Spectroscopy. X-Ray Crystallography. The Phase Problem. Rigid-Body Motion. Molecular Mechanics in Crystallography. Neutron Diffraction. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra 19. Bond Lengths Depend on Method Used to Determine Them. References. 3 MOLECULAR STRUCTURES BY COMPUTATIONAL METHODS. A Brief History of Computers. Computational Methods. Semiempirical Quantum Mechanical Methods. Self-Consistent Field Method. Ab Initio Methods. Density Functional Theory. Molecular Mechanics. References. 4 MOLECULAR MECHANICS OF ALKANES. Potential Energy Surface. Force Constant Matrix. Diagonal Part. Vibrational Spectra. Off-Diagonal Part. Stretch Bend Effect. Urey Bradley Force Field. van der Waals Forces. Dr. Miller s Nuclear Explosion. van der Waals Interactions between Nonidentical Atoms. Congested Molecules. Tetracyclododecane. Vibrational Motions of Compressed Hydrogens. Other Very Short H***H Distances. Alkanes Summary. Extension of The Alkane Force Field. Alkenes. Functional Groups in Molecular Mechanics. References. 5 CONJUGATED SYSTEMS. Introduction. Structures of Conjugated Hydrocarbons. in-[34,10][7]Metacyclophane. Aromatic Compounds. Simple Benzenoid Compounds. Corannulene. C60-Fullerene. Aromaticity. Cyclooctatetraene. [10] [16]Annulenes. [18]Annulene. Triquinacene (Homoaromaticity). Electronic Spectra. Structures of Conjugated Heterocycles. Porphyrins. References. 6 "EFFECTS" IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Electronegativity Effect. Electronegativity Effect on Bond Lengths. Electronegativity Effect on Bond Angles. C H Bond Length versus Vibrational Frequency. Hyperconjugation. Baker Nathan Effect. References. 7 MORE "EFFECTS" NEGATIVE HYPERCONJUGATION. Bohlmann Effect. Anomeric Effect. Dimethoxymethane. Energetic Effects. Structural Effects. Angle Effects. 2-Methoxytetrahydropyran. -Halo Ketone Effect. Molecular Mechanics Model. Energetics. Summary. References. 8 ADDITIONAL STEREOCHEMICAL EFFECTS IN CARBOHYDRATES. Glucose. Gauche Effect. Polyoxyethylene (POE). Delta-Two Effect. Glucose Diastereomers. Cellobiose Analog. External Anomeric Torsional Effect. References. 9 LEWIS BONDS. Hydrogen Bonds. Quantum Mechanical Description of a Hydrogen Bond. Hydrogen Bonding Models in Molecular Mechanics. Hydrogen Fluoride Dimer. Water Dimer. Methanol Dimer. Ethylene Glycol. Other Lewis Bonds. Amine Carbonyl Interactions. References. 10 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS. Crystalline Phase. Anticipation of Unit Cell. A Priori Calculations of Crystal Structures. Molecular Mechanics Applications to Crystals. Comparison of X-Ray Crystal Structure with Calculated Structures. Benzene Crystal. Biphenyl. Ditrityl Ether. More of the [18]Annulene Story. References. 11 HEATS OF FORMATION. Benson s Method. Statistical Mechanics. Heats of Formation of Alkanes from Molecular Mechanics. Tim Clark Story. Thermodynamic Properties of Alkanes. Heats of Formation from Quantum Mechanics: Alkanes. Strain Energy. Ring Strain Energy. Dodecahedrane. Heats of Formation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. [18]Annulene, Aromaticity. Fullerene. Heats of Formation of Functionalized Molecules. References. Concluding Remarks. Appendix. Introduction. Jargon. Basis Set Superposition Error. Carbohydrate Conformational Nomenclature. Conformational Search Routine. Driver Routine. Molecular Mechanics Programs. Nuclear Explosion Preventer. Quantum Chemistry Progam Exchange. Ring Counting. Stereographic Projections. References. Index.


A guiding principle of assisting recovery from conflict is that normative transformations in political economy are essential to establishing peace through law and regulation. Significant and reflexive policy shifts have occurred since the 1990s so as to sustain 'peace from below'. The chapter submits an interpretation of post bellum economic justice that emphasizes the persistence of norms about capital accumulation and the rights of labour. Particular norms and values have been categorical for interventionists, continually reproduced and almost ideologically unimpeachable, even though such presumptions about economic progress are in jeopardy in policy centres that promote post bellum transformations. However the global growth in economic service sectors will require new forms of sustenance and new enforceable regimes to establish and maintain peace that will be recognized as 'just'.


Synchytrium endobioticum is a quarantined pathogen of potatoes, which persists as a resting spore in soil for decades. We tested resting spores for the presence of melanin, which in other fungi is as- sociated with protection from light and microbial degradation. The pigmented materials were extract- ed and oxidized by the potassium permanganate method. Data on native and treated extracts and a melanin standard were obtained from high pressure liquid chromatography, ultraviolet-visible and infra- red spectra, and indicate that melanin or melaninlike compounds are present in the resting spore.


The study was designed to investigate the impact of educated and uneducated mothers on child performance. The objective of the study was to find out the impact educated and uneducated mothers on the academic achieving of the children. Survey method was used; questionnaires for mothers were prepared to explore the issue at hand. Ten different schools were selected, in which 20 children were selected randomly from the schools of Peshawar City. Questionnaire was administered to the mothers of these children. The collected data was organized tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using spread sheet software. It was found that educated and uneducated mothers both take interest in the education of their children. Financial problems become hurdles in the performance of the children of uneducated mothers, whereas majority of children of educated mothers affected. Results show that the education of mothers affects greatly the performance of the children; whereas the educated mother has good effect and uneducated mothers have bad effect on the education of their children. It is recommend that beside curricular activities, schedule for co-curricular activate may also be provide for the overall personality development of the child. Religious education may also be given to the children. It is also necessary for the parents to check the class work of the children regularly. Parents may help their children regarding home work. Free education policy may be adopted by the Government to provide basic education for all.


This investment in expenditure from the Liuzhou technology,basic technology development,technology innovation system and the system analyzes the development of three aspects of creativity in Liuzhou city,analyzed the problems created Liuzhou from the policy environment,financial support,development planning,structure and layout aspects of targeted measures and the corresponding solutions proposed development approach for the development of Liuzhou made reference.


The paper presents the Andhra region in the Eastern Deccan as a zone which witnessed the emergence of local chieftains in terms of certain specific trends visible in 18th century India. The penetration of the Mughal imperial authority in the early decades of the century, the establishment of the Asaf Jahi State and the increased activity of the European trading companies, especially the French and English provided the context for the rise of local chieftains. There has been an attempt in the paper to juxtapose the scenario in Andhra against the trends visible in other regions in 18th century India where evidence similar to emergence of regional activism is being envisaged by some scholars. A study of role of local chieftains, especially from the optic of contemporary sources in Telugu helps us identify the nature of late medieval/early modern state besides providing insights into British colonialism in India. Finally, this paper pleads for understanding of Andhra history in terms of local perspective and its integration with overall understanding of 18th century India.


OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess energy, phenylalanine, tyrosine and protein intakes of breastfed infants with phenylketonuria (breastfed group). METHODS: A retrospective/prospective cohort study was used to compare a group of 39 breastfed infants aged 6 months or less (breastfed group) with a control group being fed a special low-phenylalanine formula. The groups were paired by gender and breastfeeding duration. A total of 719 dietary recalls of the breastfed group and 628 of the control group was reviewed. Anthropometric assessment was done at baseline and end of study. Nutrient intakes were calculated by the software Minitab and LogXact 4.0 and anthropometric assessment was done by the software Epi Info 6.0. RESULTS: The breastfed group presented adequate intake of phenylalanine and tyrosine and more adequate protein and energy intakes than the other group. Most infants, regardless of group, presented z-scores within the normal range (Z ³-2), with good progression of the studied indicators (weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-for-height and head circumference). CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding of infants with phenylketonuria provided adequate energy, phenylalanine, tyrosine and protein intakes. The likelihood of a child in the breastfeed group to present adequate energy intake was 10.64 times higher than that of a child in the control group. In relation to protein intake, the chance was 5.34 times higher. Both groups presented similar growth.


A 65-year old woman was admitted for sudden collapse during walking. First she felt dyspnea and presternal chest pain without irradiation, and then she collapsed, losing consciousness for 30–60 seconds without incontinence or muscle cramps. The patient had a 17-year history of angina pectoris (but coronary catheterization did not reveal any coronary stenosis) and an 8-year history of arterial hypertension. She had one episode of unprovoked deep vein thrombosis 27 years ago, carpal tunnel operation and cholecystectomy 18 years ago, and appendectomy 14 years ago. The patient was married with two children. Before retirement she worked as a dressmaker. She did never smoke or drink alcohol and had no known allergies. Her medication included perindopril, citalopram, omeprazol and nimesulid. During previous three months she had several episodes of precollapse, and of chest, epigastric and back pain. Progressive dyspnea has limited her walking during the last three weeks. On admission the patient was oriented to person and place. She had slightly slower psychomotor activity and normal neurological reflexes. Her blood pressure was 176/110 mmHg, the pulse was well palpable at 102 beats per minute, jugular venous pressure was elevated. She had moderate respiratory distress; the respiratory rate was 40 per minute, and the breath sounds were diminished over the inferior field of the right lung. Percussion over this place was dull. The liver was palpable 5 cm below the right costal margin. The extremities were cold and cyanotic, but pulses on the extremities were present and equal. On electrocardiogram, there was sinus tachycardia with heart rate 102 per min, right axis deviation (+150 °), small r wave from V1 to V6, and non specific T wave changes (Fig. 1). The right axis deviation and small r wave from V4 to V6 were new changes as they were not seen on a record from 6 months ago (Fig. 2). On chest radiogram, there was a large right and small left pleural effusion. Intravenous catheter was placed in the right subclavian vein and central venous pressure was measured (+25 cm H2O). Perfusion lung scan showed bilateral subsegmental perfusion defect. Laboratory findings are summarized in Tab. 1. The clinical signs of right ventricular failure, the result of perfusion scan and elevation of D-dimer suggested pulmonary embolism. Therefore, the treatment with low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin 0.6 ml s.c. b.i.d.) was started immediately. Also, acetylsali-


In this paper, on the basis of previously known and obtained by the authors of mathematical models of dynamics and strength of complex structures, the problem of multi-criteria rational designing of the sprayer boom, high rise buildings with DVA is solved. We will develop a method for designing and studying of DVA to reduce the levels of vibration of elongated structures in order to minimize negative impact of vibration on the design of the PC and environment. Examples of DVA's design practical implementation are presented.


Ukraine, which is currently facing of a cluster of various serious problems, has to revise its strategies of state building. A state without a consolidated society and a clear national idea has no future. Ukrainian sociology and the political forces are in a situation of ongoing conflictization. It is necessary to formulate and explain the genuine content of the category "national idea", which is crucial for Ukrainian society. To classify social conflicts it is necessary to apply an integrative approach, as the methodological foundation for any analytical study of conflicts. In the framework of an integrative approach conflicts are usually regarded not only as a narrative of ruin, a source of death, but also as a certain change that gives the chance to create a new society, as a source of progress. This study analyzes aspects of the conflictization of the national idea in modernity as exemplified by the political studies of the Ukrainian intellectual Ivan Franko.
To formulate the ultimate goal it is important to note that the importance of the creation of the national idea and Ukrainian national self-determination depends on the clarification of favorable conditions and problematic historical aspects of political, juridical, and other societal practices. In order to preserve their territorial integrity Ukrainians should understand the nature of conflictization, which entails not only a divide, but at the same time progress. To unite society it is necessary to orient the people toward some clearly formulated common goal. It turns out that conflictization corroborates the level of conflicts of Ukrainian society. This enforces its movement and progress, because conflictization is in the first place determined by a strong bipolarity of trends and disharmony of thoughts. Therefore, it is important to take into account clearly formulated ideas put forward by various opinion leaders and to disseminate them among the population.


Figure 1: rsks-1(gk185793) that causes the E255K change reliably extends C. elegans lifespan at 20°C. (A) A schematic showing the changes caused by rsks-1 mutant alleles tested in this study. gk185793, gk587386, and gk902595 cause mutations in the 4th exon of rsks-1 for resulting in E255K, P360S, and D370N changes, respectively. tm1714 harbors a 484 base pair deletion and a three base pair (TTT) insertion at the 4th exon of rsks-1. (B) The domain structure of RSKS-1/S6K protein in C. elegans. Amino acid (aa) numbers are shown at the bottom of the start and end residues of 10/27/2020 Open Access each domain. Kinase domain (83 aa – 344 aa), AGC-kinase C-terminal domain (345 aa – 415 aa), and predicted autoinhibitory motif (439 aa) are indicated. E255K is a point mutation in the kinase domain of RSKS-1. P360S and D370N mutations are in AGC-kinase C-terminal domain. (C) Three-dimensional structural modeling of worm RSKS-1. Mutation sites and the predicted autoinhibitory motif are painted as red. The E255 is located in the kinase domain (green), whereas P360 and D370 exist in the AGC-kinase C-terminal domain. (D) Alignment of amino acid sequences of human S6K, mouse S6K, Drosophila melanogaster (fly) dS6K, and C. elegans (worm) RSKS-1. A gray histogram represents the degree of amino acid conservation. Asterisks indicate residues that are completely conserved across species. Colons indicate any of the following amino acid residues that are strongly homologous: STA, NEQK, NHQK, NDEQ, QHRK, MILV, MILF, HY, and FYW. Periods indicate any of the following amino acid residues that are weakly homologous: CSA, ATV, SAG, STNK, STPA, SGND, SNDEQK, NDEQHK, NEQHRK, FVLIM, and HFY. (E-H) Pooled lifespan curves of rsks-1(gk185793) (E), rsks-1(gk587386) (F), rsks-1(tm1714) (G), and rsks-1(gk902595) (H) mutants compared with that of wild-type (WT: N2). (I) Statistical analysis of individual replicates of lifespan data. p-values were calculated using a log-rank (Mantel-Cox method) test. Biological replicates of the lifespan data were divided by dashed lines. S.E.M. represents the standard error of mean.


Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally and the main problem of non-communicable diseases. Prevention is part of cardiovascular disease treatment because it breaks the chain of management and subsequent complications from the disease. Its foundation is based on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as appropriate identification and treatment for cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with cardiovascular diseases. A descriptive study was performed with proportionate stratified random sampling and 88 patients with cardiovascular diseases participated in this study. Data were collected in one of general hospitals in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The risk factors of cardiovascular disease patients were assessed using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis statistic was used to describe risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, 80% of patients completed the questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of respondents (56.8%) had hypercholesterolemia. The results showed that most respondents (73) had a smoking history (83%). The result showed that most of the patients (64.8%) with cardiovascular disease have no family history of heart attacks. The result showed that the majority of the respondents (69.3%) had a family history of hypertension. Over 92% of respondents were unable to do strenuous activities and 79.5% were unable to do moderate activities even once a week. Early assessment and education about risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are important for the prevention and promotion of health.
Keywords: cardiovascular disease, cardiac patients, activity patterns


In order to study the effect of bedrock weathering zone of surface,numerical simulation which is used to solve the nonlinear large deformation problem of the finite difference method(FLAC3D) is carried out for studying of rock weathering belt in the steep seam,focus on analysis of rock weathering belt of stress and deformation of the top and bottom.We draw that the rock weathering belt of maximum subsidence and horizontal movement are biased in favor of the coal seam uphill,however,the impact of steep seam begin to weaken with the rock movement of the upward development,the most value which at the top of rock weathering belt of deformation and force relative the bottom of the middle of the offset to the goaf.


This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2019 Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Comparisons among Single-Word Tests for Korean Speech Sounds and Results of Assessment for Children with Speech Sound Disorders


In interphase and mitosis, centrosomes play a major role in the spatial organization of the microtubule network. Alterations in centrosome number and structure are associated with genomic instability and occur in many cancers. Centrosome duplication is controlled by centriole replication. In most dividing animal cells, centrioles duplicate only once per cell cycle at a site adjacent to existing centrioles. The conserved protein kinase Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) has a key role in controlling centriole biogenesis. Overexpression of Plk4 drives centrosome amplification, leading to genomic instability and the formation of tumors in flies. By contrast, haploinsufficiency of Plk4 causes cytokinesis failure leading to an increased incidence of tumors in mice. Recent studies have shown that Plk4 is a low abundance protein whose stability is linked to the activity of the enzyme. We discuss how this autoregulatory feedback loop acts to limit the damaging effects caused by too much or too little Plk4.


keywords: Atypical manifestations, Dengue fever, Hepatitis, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Dengue fever (DF) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. With growing population, rapid urbanization and lack of appropriate sanitary measures, prolifer ation of mosquitoes and subsequent dengue infections have increased rampantly with an estimated 30fold increase in incid ence over last five decades. With rising disease burden, atypical manifestations have increased as well, which are missed most often due to lack of awareness. Our aim was to look for the atypical manifestations of dengue fever.


Out of 100 cases of intractable schizophrenia,57 cases were in the group ofComputer-Controlled Electric Acupuncture (CCEA) and 43 in the control group.The therapeutic re-sults showed that clinically CCEA had a remarkably effective rate of 40. 35% on refractoryschizophrenia,which had much better curative effects than those in the control group.Through dy-namic evaluation of brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS),negative symptom scale (SANS) and posi-tive symptom scale (SAPS) for both groups before,during and after treatment,the results indicatedthat in CCEA group the scores of BPRS,SANS and SAPS after treatment were much less than thosebefore treatment,which were remarkably different from those in the control group (P<0.01).Lab-oratory examination of thyroxin and androgen of patients in both groups before and after treatmentfound a significant result.


This paper presents a novel image segmentation algorithm, which uses a biologically inspired paradigm known as swarm intelligence to segment images. A more efficient MRF based clustering algorithm that incorporated the Markov Random Field (MRF) theory and the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm is proposed. the QPSO algorithm is ised to optimize the energy function which is a combinatorial optimization problem because of the large search space. The QPSO algorithm has few parameters and is simpler and more powerful than the classical version of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The experiments performed on both synthetic and real images show that the QPSO-MRF algorithm generates good results in clustering images and outperforms those obtained with other optimization methods.


Based on the system of application-oriented talent training in civil engineering specialty,the paper discussed the developing of innovation education and the cultivating of application ability,explored the teaching reform and practice,confirmed the cultivating objective and feature of the minority nationalities,established training plan and course system,and strengthened the practice teaching reform.It provided a reference for the talent traning model of civil engineering specialty in nationality colleges and universities.


Abstract : The concept of using a generalized computer software package to satisfy the information processing requirements of a small service organization was introduced. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by applying the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to the data processing requirements of a service organization. Using SPSS, an automated information system was developed and implemented in an operational environment for the Facility Engineering Support Office (FESO), a service organization at the Civil Engineering Laboratory (CEL). The development process and operating procedures were documented to facilitate the adoption of this approach by other service organizations.


Some noses are more sensitive than others. Take asparagus, for instance. Many people detect a characteristic odor in their urine after eating asparagus—not unpleasant, slightly acrid, pungent, a little fruity. It has been proposed that the ability to produce "asparagusuria" is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. However, in 1980, a study from the Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem attempted to knock that theory right out of the hollandaise sauce. (1) The Israeli group postulated a special smell hypersensitivity rather than an inborn error of metabolism. Asparagus was not a familiar item in the Israeli diet, and many of the Israeli-born test subjects could not quite place the pungent odor they were able to detect in serially diluted urine specimens taken from a man who had been fed a "test meal" of canned asparagus. A bimodal pattern of "asparagusuria" detection emerged. About 10% of test subjects could detect the characteristic odor at high dilutions; these were labeled "smellers." Those who detected the odor only in the most concentrated aliquouts were "non-smellers." The donor of the urine specimen was himself a "non-smeller."


In this paper we unpack epistemological aspects of language and mathematics potentials embedded in the "language as resource" discourse. We use research literature, policy, and interviews with a mathematics teacher and a multilingual student to illustrate the potentials and how they are realised in the material. We identified a 'lever potential' and 'one new whole' potential. To consider the potentials in a nuanced way, we propose an analytical model which contributes with theoretical conceptualizations that allows for grasping a relation between epistemologies of language and mathematics from the perspective of the language as resource discourse.


The utility model relates to an easy-cleaning household automatic soymilk machine which comprises a machine head, a cup body, an electric motor, a crushing knife, a heating device and a control circuit board. The machine head is fastened on the cup body; the electric motor and the control circuit board are fixedly arranged in the machine head; the machine head comprises a machine head upper cover and a machine head lower cover, the lower end of the machine head lower cover is provided with a metal cover for crushing, the axial end part of the electric motor is fixed with the crushing knife, a coupling machine is arranged between the machine head and the handle of the cup body, the heating device is arranged at the lower part of the cup body, the joint of the machine head lower cover and the metal cover is provided with a portiforium for installing a temperature sensor, the temperature sensing end of the temperature sensor contacts with the metal cover and is electrically connected with the control circuit board, so that the temperature sensor detects the liquid temperature in the cup body through the heat conduction of the metal cover, the rotating speed of the electric motor is at least 1000 rpm. Only the temperature sensing end of the temperature is exposed, and compared with the longer temperature control rod of the prior art, the cleaning area is little, and the cost is reduced.


ABSTRACT X-ray CT is an important in-situ non-destructive testing method that plays an important role in both production and materials research. In-situ CT of concrete can acquire images of concrete slices in the state of holding force loading, which is meaningful for the study of concrete crack development characteristics. However, existing X-ray CT equipment either cannot penetrate large reinforced concrete due to energy limitations or does not address the extremely sparse angular reconstruction problem associated with in-situ testing. In this paper, a sinogram Transformer method based on a priori projection data is proposed to solve this extremely sparse data complementation problem on a large-scale electron accelerator X-ray in-situ CT system. The simulated concrete sparse-view projection data and the full projection data are used as the input and label of the proposed method in order to experiment the method. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using a priori projected sine diagrams with ultra-sparse sine diagram residuals to track sine diagram variation, and verify that structures such as cracks and reinforcement, which dominate the deformation residuals of sinograms in concrete sections, can also be successfully recovered using Transformer in the ultra-sparse view projection of views 4–8.


Kinetic Typography, text whose appearance changes over time, is emerging as a new form of expression due to its ability to add emotional content to text. We explored the potential for kinetic typography to improve the way people communicate over the Internet using Instant Messaging (IM). Our Kinetic Instant Messenger (KIM) builds upon applications for rendering and editing kinetic typography effects and addresses several design issues that spring from integrating kinetic typography and IM.


If the death drive hypothesis is understood as a possible concept for self-destructive clinical phenomena, one can state that before World War II a number of analysts took it up quite naturally, while others raised objections. After the break caused by the Nazi regime the situation suddenly changed. Brun's formulation, quoted in the title of this paper, was a non-intended, but accurate diagnosis of a certain strand in the history of the reception of Freud's death drive concept in the time before, but even more so in the first decades after, 1945. The author takes it as a symptom that for decades there was an uncritical acceptance of Brun's "critical", though in fact biased, study which claimed that the death drive hypothesis was and continued to be refuted in every respect. Taking the example of a few protagonists of the postwar period, she sees hints of an initial lively and positive interest which was then followed by a (relatively) quick distancing.


Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus respond to copper stress by altering central carbon metabolism in response to a specific inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.


Co-design process allows consumers to take an active role to co-create the product (Bolton & Saxena-Iyer, 2009). In the process, consumers' individual characteristics and their design ability play a central part (Fiore, Lee, & Kunz, 2004). Thus, consumers' expectations and future involvement in the co-design process are expected to be different based on his or her individual characteristics. Furthermore, consumers may want to involve in codesign process in different ways depending on the product categories. In this regard, we explored various consumer characteristics as influential factors determining consumers' co-design expectations and their desired involvement. The findings will provide insightful perspectives to online co-design service providers who want to develop products satisfying consumers' expectations as well as to encourage consumer involvement.


This research found the model of empowerment in"St. Albertus Agung" Jetis Church and "Hati Santa Perawan Maria Tak Bercela" Kumetiran Churchin Yogyakarta shows that the management of both synagogues has been put in a hierarchical structure starting from the Diocese, to the Vicariate (bishop representatives with specific region), and then to the parish by parish priests and his officials. This pattern is a typical of Catholicism, and the same pattern of organization applies also to the parish. The difference is on the way of the organization operates, which depends on the leadership and creativity of the Parish Priest.  Meanwhile the economic empowerment of the people to the church is not too visible. The main reason is the economic empowerment of the people is mostly oriented to charity. Whereas, the church facilitates some trainings like trade training to enhance their income. For other programs, the church also provides funds with mortgage payment relief as has been practiced in the parish of Santo Albertus Jetis Yogyakarta. The provision of this fund is caricative in naure. The donation that the two churches receive consists of gwriless and sound systems and some funds for the youth councelling. In the beginning of the year, the church planned to establish pastoral services and they evaluate the program by the end of the year as an overall evaluation for the whole program.


The social shaping of technology (SST) has become a broad umbrella term to cover a variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives in the social sciences. It has also defined a set of funded projects in the UK focused on a particular technical initiative around e-social science – digital social research. It is increasingly understood that social science research and work on the SST, in particular, should be applied to the study of innovations in digital research and their implications for the sciences and humanities. This overview is designed to help introduce the diversity of perspectives that the social sciences can bring to bear, such as under the social shaping umbrella and explain why this set of perspectives is of value to policy and practice in this field. The continuing advance and diffusion of digital research make it ever more important to strengthen the role of the social sciences in this area of multi-disciplinary research, policy, and practice.


Abstract : Polyethylene (I), polystyrene (II) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (III) films were exposed to ionization discharges for 15-100 hours at room temperature in air or under oxygen. Ir spectra of treated and untreated samples were compared. The most apparent changes were observed in I, the spectra of III did not change, and the spectra of II showed small changes. The changes in spectra were accompanied by a decrease in resolution and an increase in background. The relative changes of I, II, and III films caused by ionization correspond to changes due to thermal oxidation and to irradiation in air. The changes in spectra agree well with the rate of oxygen absorption in the polymer films. The results show that I has a tendency toward oxidation and crosslinking, but is stable to ionization aging. III is very easily aged by ionization, but is not oxidized and crosslinked by ionization. The properties of II are intermediate between those of I and III. (Author)


IntroductionMost individuals wish to marry and most of them do marry. We are all very familiar to the romantic literature that frequently ends up with happy marriages. At the end of fairy tales, the prince kisses the princess, they get married and readers are told that they go on living together happily ever after. But what happens in real life may often be different most probably because we are very rarely characters of a fairy tale. Additionally, fairy tales do not tell us what happens in the longer term following the marriage or when the prince and the princess are no longer happy. Despite the well known advantages of happily married couples, due to its undesired consequences marriage may also be defined as the most popular form of voluntary institution despite its disappointing outcomes. Looking at the statistics we can find out that 50-55% of marriages fail in the USA. About 40% of Australian, English, German, or Swiss first marriages ends in divorce (Hahlweg, Baucom, Grawe-Gerber, Snyder, 2009). The statistics are not confined to west. According to United Nations Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2003) the median national divorce rates per 1000 adult population increases with a similar trend (twice fold) in developed and developing countries when 1970's are compared to 1990's. Different governments have expressed concerns about the high costs of couple distress and divorce and therefore "relationship education" has been offered as an attempt to improve couple relationships (Halford, Liz, Wilson & Occhipinti, 2007; Markman, Rhoades, Delaney & White, 2009). It is well known that the death rate among the separated, divorced and widowed men is higher than the average. Suicide rate among the divorced men increases significantly and the death age among the divorced men is younger than the average. There is a significant increase in depression in women who are unhappily married and following divorce (Crowe, 2005). There are several reviews in the literature that support a direct correlation between depression and unhappy marriages (Beach, 2001; Whisman, 2001). NICE, a body that authorizes mainly medical treatments and therapies that are evidence based for use in the National Health Service in the UK has identified six studies that indicated the efficacy of couple therapy for treating depression. Five of these studies are primarily based on a behavioural couple therapy approach (Beach and O'Leary 1992; Jacobson et ah, 1993; O'Leary and Beach 1990; Emanuels-Zuurveen and Emmelkamp 1996; Bodenmann et al. 2008). NICE approved behavioural couple therapy for clients suffering from mild to moderate depression in established relationships.Despite all of these disappointing outcomes, the need to share our lives with someone else is so compelling that a very high proportion of individuals marry and gamble for the fifty percent chance of survival from facing a divorce. Second marriages do worse, failing at a rate of about 60 percent. So, we as humans, are passing through a time span where we are expected to seriously worry about the future of our marriages. That is, unless we know how to survive the unavoidable difficult times that many couples face throughout the long cycle of togetherness if we want to stay married. No doubt that all couples ought not to stay together, but the hopes of a happy and fulfilling union may be possible by choosing the effective strategies that address the frequently faced problems and their solutions. This paper describes a short-term, cost effective approach described as cognitive behavioural systems approach for guiding professionals in helping couples who experience relationship problems.Cognitive Behavioral Couple ApproachCognitive behavioural couple approach (CBCA) has been subjected to more controlled outcome studies than has any other modality and has shown to be efficacious in reducing relationship distress (Baucom et al., 1988; Dattilio, 2010). Most of the relationship education programmes are based on a cognitive behavioural approach. …


A compensation method with theoretical analysis is proposed to compensate the instability of interrogation by using a pair of fiber Bragg grating(FBG) with different thermal coefficients.The factors that influenced the stability of interrogation had been investigated.Several sensors were installed in Donghai Bridge and formed a sensor network.The signals from sensors were demodulated by the improved interrogator on the final test of Donghai Bridge,which shows good performance.


It is urgent to enhance the continue education of accountants for it was neglected by every side domestic at the present time.In order to achieve the goal of continue education and to meet the necessity of accountants" work,the supervision department should open various teaching method and strengthen the ex- aminations of accountants so as to heighten the overwhelming quality of them comprehensively.


The interest for non timber forest products (NTFPs) has been growing over the years. These products, that are part of livelihood and income sources, are produced by thousands of traditional population living in or around forests. The vast majority of these products are explored in a predatory manner, without regard to environmental and ecological aspects. Therefore, it aim of this study was to make a literature review of scientific articles published in national and international journals about NTFPs that have been published in the past two decades with the goal of characterizing  the current scenario, as well the types of products and methodologies that are being employed for study NTFP's. A total of 218 articles published between 1990 and 2011 were reviewed. The fields of study span countries mostly belonging to Asia, Africa and South America. There are few studies on the understanding of the species life cycle and improvement of its productivity. Most of researches focus on the economic characteristics and how the management of the NTFPs are occurring, always with respect to the species most exploited for traditional populations.


Abstract. The paper is a comparative analysis of the PSpice implementation of the two types of orthogonal model of the induction machine: in terms of currents or fluxes. In the first case, only the currents are used in voltage equations excluding the fluxes whereas in the second one, the currents are excluded and the total fluxes are retained. In each case an equivalent circuit is established and a full implementation is presented. The two cases are compared in terms of computing speed, precision and convergence.


Review on SNAI1 (snail homolog 1 (Drosophila)), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


The Early Permian coal is of great value in the Tengxian Coalfield, Shandon Province, Eastern China. This work deals with the new data focusing on mineralogical characteristics in the Early Permian Shanxi Formation No. 3 coal from the Jinyuan Mine. The Jinyuan coal is a low ash and highly volatile A bituminous coal. Minerals in the No. 3 coal mainly comprise of kaolinite, ankerite, illite, calcite, siderite, and quartz, with varying compositions of trace amounts of pyrite, jarosite, bassanite, anatase, and rutile. According to mineral assemblage in the coal plies, three Types (A to C) can be identified in the No. 3 coal. The dominant minerals in Type A are poorly-ordered kaolinite, illite, quartz, pyrite, and jarosite. Type B is mainly composed of well-ordered kaolinite, illite, siderite, ankerite, and calcite. Type C, with just one sample (JY-3-7c), which contains high proportions of calcite (54%) and ankerite (34%). Terrigenous minerals are elevated in coal plies that typically have relatively high contents of ash yield. The formation of syngenetic pyrite was generally due to seawater, while the sulphate minerals (jarosite and coquimbite) were derived from the oxidation of pyrite. Epigenetic vein-like or fracture-fillings carbonate minerals (ankerite, calcite, and siderite), kaolinite, and pyrite, as well as authigenic quartz were derived from the influx of hydrothermal fluids during different periods, from the authigenic to epigenetic. The paragonite in the coal may have been formed by the precipitated from Na-rich hydrothermal fluids. No effects of magmatic intrusion on mineralogy were investigated in this research.


Configuration interaction wave functions and potential energy curves have been calculated for the four lowest states of 2Π and 2Σ+ symmetry and the lowest state of 4Σ−, 2Σ−, 2Δ, and 4Π symmetry for the molecular ion HCl+. Dipole moment functions of the X 2Π and A 2Σ+ states are presented as well as dipole moments for transitions from the X state to dipole‐allowed excited states. The electronic wave functions were constructed to give a balanced description of Rydberg–valence interactions. The computed radiative lifetime of the X 2Π(v=1) is found to be in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental values. Oscillator strengths, transition probabilities, and radiative lifetimes are calculated for the A 2Σ+–X 2Π transition for vibrational levels v'≤6 and compared to previous theoretical and experimental results. Vibrational levels v'≥7 of the A 2Σ+ state are predissociated by the 4Π, 4Σ−, and 2Σ− states. Theoretical photodissociation cross sections are calculated showing that photodissociation occurs primarily through absorption into the (3) 2Π and (3) 2Σ+ states in the wavelength region λ 100 nm.


The effect of absorbent initial pH and absorption temperature on the absorption and desorption performance of SO2 by 1,4-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)piperazine(HPP) was investigated.Results indicated the optimal condition was the absorbent initial pH of 6.00,absorption temperature of 50 ℃,and desorption temperature of 102 ℃,desorption processes of direct heating,desorption time of 2 h.Under the optimal conditions,the saturated absorption capacity reached 0.472 0 mol/mol,the desorption rate was 86.42%,and the oxidation efficiency was 2.29%.


In this paper, we study sum‐free subsets of the set {1, …, n}, that is, subsets of the first n positive integers which contain no solution to the equation x+y=z. Cameron and Erdős conjectured in 1990 that the number of such sets is O(2n/2). This conjecture was confirmed by Green and, independently, by Sapozhenko. Here, we prove a refined version of their theorem, by showing that the number of sum‐free subsets of [n] of size m is 2O(n/m)(⌈n/2⌉m) , for every 1 ⩽ m ⩽ ⌈n/2⌉. For m⩾n , this result is sharp up to the constant implicit in the O(·). Our proof uses a general bound on the number of independent sets of size m in 3‐uniform hypergraphs, proved recently by the authors, and new bounds on the number of integer partitions with small sumset.


Objective To evaluate the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of the efflux pumps( Mex AB-Opr M,Mex CD-Opr J,Mex EF-Opr N) of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa( MDRPA) from patients in ICU. Methods Specimens were collected from the sputum,blood and wound secretion of 56 subjects with confirmed diagnosis of MDRPA from Apr.2012 to Feb. 2014. And 56 strains of MDRPA were isolated and cultured foranalyzing the expression of those three efflux pumps by polymerase chain reaction( PCR) and real time-PCR. Results Among the 56 strains of MDRPA,the positive rate of MexAB-Opr M,Mex CD-Opr J,Mex EF-Opr N were 55( 98. 2%),10( 17. 9%) and 23( 41. 1%),respectively. The over expression in Mex AB-Opr M,Mex CD-Opr J,Mex EF-Opr N positive specimen were 23( 23 /55),4( 4 /10) and 14( 14 /23). The logistic regression analysis indicated that carbon blue enzyme alkenes antibiotic application,deep vein catheter and glucocorticoids application more than 1 week were independent risk factors for Mex AB-Opr M,Mex CD-Opr J,Mex EF-Opr N over expression.Conclusion The positive rate of Mex AB-Opr M,the efflux pumps over expression was relative high in multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,which was associated with carbon blue enzyme alkenes antibiotic application,deep vein catheter and glucocorticoids application more than 1 week.


This paper aims to analyze family relationships with the immediate environmentof children in a children's novel that has won the Hadiah Sastera PerdanaMalaysia. Family is an important environment in influencing children'spsychological development. Therefore, the role of the family should be emphasizedin the production of children novels in order to be a guide to the audience of thereader. In the context of literary works, the immediate surroundings seen areindividuals who are directly connected with children. This analysis shows familyrelationships with other nearby environments that surround the character ofchildren in selected children's novels. This study applies one of the principles inBronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory (1979), a mesosystem for analyzing texts.The method used in this study is library method and text analysis. The findingsshow that family relationships with the immediate environment of childrenaffect the psychological development of children. Family relations with theimmediate environment can give birth to psychologically balanced children.This explains that families are individuals who play an important role inbuilding an environment that helps children develop into positive individuals.In conclusion, the environment in children's novels using the mesosystem in theEcology Theory of Bronfenbrenner (1979) can explain the influence of theenvironment on children in selected children's novels.
Keywords: Theory Ecology; Mesosystem; Children's Novel; Children's; Family.


This review firstly introduces sixty h type indices which are categorized in order to overcome the drawbacks of the Hirsch index,especially the advantages and limits of the h type indices when comparing with h index.Moreover,the review gives a list to show the main characteristics of h type indices.Lastly,some illustrative researches are shown to present the applicability of some h type indices.

Key words:
Bibliometrics;  scientific output evaluation;  h type indices


In recent years, there have been increased attention from HCI research towards action sports. Results of these studies are mainly artifacts with a focused view on performance and technology. It is argued that an approach focusing on the unique interaction possibilities between users' physicality, users' cognitive processes and environment is still missing in the field. Whilst some previous work outlined these unique interaction possibilities, such as mental and emotional load from various action sports and how these translate to users' learning processes, dedicated works for understanding user needs and addressing them are lacking. During my PhD, I'm focus on bouldering, a branch of rock climbing. Using a RtD approach, I'll be looking into learning processes of novices. User insights and I aim to address cases of bodily learning in action sports, which is very important in terms of understanding the users and having long-term impact on their practices.


This paper provides a formal analysis of a multi-agent task allocationproblem and how variation in agent behavior in the form of responseprobabilities can be used to build redundancy in the multi-agent system (MAS).In problems where experience is beneficial redundancy provides an MASwith a back-up pool of actors if the primary actors are unavailable.We examine how to ensure a complete team of agents needed fora particular task will be formed, as well as two different ways ofdetermining how to ensure some level of redundancy.


In the past 30 years, because of built-in advantages, energy saving, pollution control, and sustainability, the energy pile system has had a rapid development around the world. Many scholars did numerous researches on the parameters' optimization, heat exchange efficiency, and structure-soil response. Also, the researches of evolutional GSHP system using high temperature in deep mine and lager collection surface of tunnel lining were learned. At present, most of researchers are discussing the geothermal collection for the heating or cooling the building, and plenteous and significant research achievements have been obtained. It is a novel attempt to apply energy pile to geotechnical engineering, and good results have been achieved in engineering practice in Northern China. The area of northern China is a typical seasonal frozen region: the high temperature in summer and the cold weather and accumulated snow in winter will result in huge challenge and resource consumption of maintaince on highway tunnel, pavement, and other geotechnical engineering facilities. In this paper, taking example of using the geothermal heat exchanger to melt snow, the novel idea of using energy piles to prevent track in summer and crack in winter of pavement, and guaranteeing the safety of frost crack on tunnel lining were discussed. Also, through simulation research, we propose a buried pipe form with good heat transfer uniformity-spiral buried pipe, which has better engineering applicability. This shows us that the application of energy pile in geotechnical engineering will provide solutions to geotechnical problems, which will have a brilliant future.


The present invention discloses a can satisfy the above requirements or other vibration data collection system for performing real-time integral or differential processing on the digitized input vibration data. This system uses the running digital transmission rate of the input data in the infinite impulse response filter (IIR) provided integral or differential function. Use this method to reduce system hardware complexity and data storage requirements. Further, this system provides the ability to FFT processing without using direct integration method can be performed on the time waveform stored or differential.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of IL-10 on the phenotypic characteristics of M2 polarized human microglia.
BACKGROUND: Myeloid cells acquire distinct immunologic phenotypes dependent on their state of 'polarization': either 'M1' (pro-inflammatory) or 'M2' (anti-inflammatory). M2 polarized cells, generated using mCSF/IL-4/IL13, produce increased quantities of anti-inflammatory cytokines and display increased phagocytic activity and expression of scavenger receptors. Previous in vitro studies show that mCSF/IL-4/IL13 treated human microglia express more limited M2 phenotypic and functional properties than blood-derived macrophages. Rodent-based studies have defined distinct subsets (M2a, M2b and M2c) within the overall M2 population that thus far have not been investigated in the human microglia system. Human M2c macrophages induced by treatment with IL-10 in combination with mCSF/IL-4/IL13 (M2a protocol) show enhancement of aforementioned M2-like properties.
DESIGN/METHODS: Human microglia were cultured from both fetal and adult brain tissue; these cells were polarized in vitro with exposure to mCSF/IL-4/IL13 ± IL-10 (50ng/ml). Phenotypic markers (cell surface and intra-cellular) were assessed by way of multi-colour flow cytometery and qPCR. In situ expression of markers of M2 polarized myeloid cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining of post-mortem CNS tissue.
RESULTS: We were able to demonstrate higher expression of specific M2c markers, CD163 and HMOX-1, in human microglia polarized in the presence of IL-10 compared to M2a conditions alone; M2 markers CD206 and CD209 were comparably expressed. Analysis of a case of Schistosoma mekongi parasitic infection confirmed that CD163 is selectively expressed in situ on myeloid cells in the CNS and its expression is elevated under a pathologic condition that promotes Th2 responses.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that IL-10 induces expression of M2c specific markers in human microglia in vitro, and that pathological conditions associated with increased IL-10 levels are also likely to induce such expression in situ. Disclosure: Dr. Healy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moore has nothing to disclose. Dr. Touil has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ludwin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bar-Or has received research support from Amplimmune, EMD Serono, and Novartis. Dr. Antel has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, EMD Serono, Genzyme, Sanofi-Aventis, and Novartis.


In order to explore whether NF-&kgr;B activation correlates to the prognosis, chemoresistance, and sex hormone receptors status in ovarian serous carcinoma, we analyzed the expression of NF-&kgr;B, ER, and PR by immunohistochemistry in 72 cases of ovarian serous carcinoma, investigated the association among these markers, and evaluated their relations to clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. The positive rates were 88.9% for NF-&kgr;B cytoplasmic expression, 45.8% for NF-&kgr;B nuclear expression, 41.7% for ER, and 29.2% for PR. NF-&kgr;B nuclear expression was positively correlated with the 4th edition WHO grade (P=0.045) and tumor stage (P=0.001). NF-&kgr;B cytoplasmic expression was associated with preoperative serum CA125 level (P=0.015) and ascites (P=0.042). Neither cytoplasmic nor nuclear staining of NF-&kgr;B showed any association with survival. PR expression was correlated with tumor stage (P=0.023) and omental metastasis (P=0.022). Omental metastasis occurred more frequently in ER−/PR− tumors (P=0.009). No correlation between NF-&kgr;B expression and ER, PR expression was observed. In conclusion, in ovarian serous carcinoma, NF-&kgr;B nuclear expression correlated with the 4th edition WHO grade and PR was a favorable prognostic factor for ovarian serous carcinoma.


Total variation (TV) regularization is popular in image
reconstruction due to its edge-preserving property. In this paper,
we extend the alternating minimization algorithm recently proposed
in [37] to the case of recovering images from random
projections. Specifically, we propose to solve the TV regularized
least squares problem by alternating minimization algorithms based
on the classical quadratic penalty technique and alternating
minimization of the augmented Lagrangian function. The per-iteration
cost of the proposed algorithms is dominated by two matrix-vector
multiplications and two fast Fourier transforms. Convergence
results, including finite convergence of certain variables and
$q$-linear convergence rate, are established for the quadratic
penalty method. Furthermore, we compare numerically the new
algorithms with some state-of-the-art algorithms. Our experimental
results indicate that the new algorithms are stable, efficient and
competitive with the compared ones.


Abstract A review of the literature documenting faunal remains recovered from 16 archaeological sites attributed to the Virjin River Puebloan (VRP) tradition (ca. 300 B.C.–A.D. 1200) of the American Southwest was conducted to identify the importance of wild animal resources to the subsistence strategy. The Number of Individual Specimens (NISP) was counted (NISP = 16,386) and sorted by taxa and animal size categories to explore differences in the distributions of faunal remains by archaeological recovery strategy, site type, physiographic location, and chronology. The most significant factor in the differential use of animal resources among the VRPs was physiographic location. Desert lowland sites had greater species diversity. Sites in the intermediate St. George Basin had more large mammals such as deer, and sites located on the higher plateau had more small mammals such as lagomorphs. These results indicate that the subsistence strategy varied across diverse environmental conditions, but animal resources were always an integral part of the VRP adaptation until their abandonment of the region in the early 13th century A.D.


In the text, numerical simulation model was constructed on basis of CHENGZHUANG Mines geological condition, and the distributions of gas pressure in the surrounding of hole were educed by making use of numerical simulation, and the effectivepressure-released radius of gas drainage was obtained by the critical pressure ; the data of gas drainage were analyzed.


State succession — Succession to rights — Division of State — Effect upon property abroad — The law of Singapore Jurisdiction — High seas — Jurisdiction on — Salvage — Ownership of contents of abandoned vessels — The law of Singapore States as international persons — In general — Continuity of States — Extinction of States — GerMany — Effect on Statehood of Surrender in 1945 — Division of Germany — Whether the former German State continued — Position of Federal Republic of Germany — The law of Singapore


Bees have been observed to detect and learn the presence of weak electric fields in various behavioural experiments in the lab. The electro-sensitivity of bumblebees has also been suggested to be important for pollination. However, the structure and function of electro-sensory organs are yet to be described. Bees, like other arthropods, are known to have evolved various mechanoreceptors. Antennae and hairs have mechanosensory functions and have been shown to respond to weak electric fields. Current proposals posit that hairs and antennae can act as electromechanical sensors. To investigate this hypothesis, the mechanical response of bumblebee hairs stimulated by an electric field was measured using microscanning laser Doppler vibrometry. Hair vibration velocity is shown to be proportional to charge triboelectrically deposited on the bee and the effect of polarisation charge is seen to be negligible. Hair motion due to acoustic stimuli is also measured and compared to hair electromechanical response. Preliminary results show that the electro-sensitivity of charged bee hairs is comparable to hair sensitivity to acoustic stimuli.


As more and more in-vehicle ITS systems are deployed, the need to develop standards to make these systems safe and user-friendly is becoming increasingly urgent. Both public and private sector organizations are increasingly cognizant of the need for safety standards for in-vehicle systems. Systems are currently deployed which have obvious safety concerns. For example, currently available navigation systems allow drivers to scroll through restaurant choices whilst driving 70 miles per hour. The system integration issues associated with having multiple ITS in-vehicle systems interactive with the driver - for example, a collision warning system, a traffic information system, a hands-free cellular phone, and a mayday system - are not currently a safety issue but will be in the near future. A large number of ITS safety issues can and should be addressed with sensible safety and human factors standards. These issues primarily have to do with driver distraction and driver information overload. Human factors standards are needed to ensure that ITS systems are easy to understand and operate, and therefore do not distract the driver from the primary driving task. Driver information overload is a more tricky problem, dealing with integrating multiple systems safely into the vehicle in a way that provides the driver with useful information in a timely fashion. This paper discusses both general safety and human factors standards needs and specific standards currently under development by SAE (the Society of Automotive Engineers) and ISO (the International Standards Organization).


All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights. The right to use all or part of this contribution in future works of their own such as lectures, reviews, textbooks, or reprint books, digital media. The right to publish the contribution in any officially printed published conference proceedings. The right to make copies for the authors' own teaching use. The right to use figures and tables in future publications.


Objective To investigate the influence of the liposome PGEI on the ischemia-reper- fusion injury of the expanded flap. Methods The minipigs were set up as an animal model. They were divided into 2 groups. The expanded flaps (8 cm × 2 cm ) was designed and elevated on the back of the minipigs. An image analysis technology was used to evaluate the survival rate of the expanded flap, while a biochemistry method was used to detect the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and microvessel density (MVD) in the tissue. Skin tempreture was measured after the drug administration. Results The survival area of the expanded flap in the Lipo PGE1 group was significantly enlarged (P〈0.05), compared with the control group. The MPO and MDA concen- tration in the tissue was statistically different between two groups (P〈 0. 05), but there was no difference of the MVD concentration between two groups. The skin temperature was higher in the Li- po PGE1 group. Conclusions The Lipo PGE1 could promote survival rate in the expanded flap and protect it from ischemic injury.

Key words:
Prostaglandin El;  Expanded flap;  Ischemia-reperfusion injury


Knowledge management, like clinical governance, is a practical science. Clinical governance, with its emphasis on creating an environment where clinical quality is monitored and acted upon, is one of the foundation stones of the new National Health Service (NHS). Both knowledge management and clinical governance need to share the same criteria in order to operate. Using these two pragmatic concepts and the premise of a practical approach, this article seeks to identify the drivers for knowledge management in the NHS, highlight national initiatives and focus on the steps libraries in the south-west of England have taken to make knowledge management a reality. In so doing, the central role of the library and information service has been reinforced and embedded and librarians have been recognized for their real worth to their organizations.


The invention discloses a method for synthesizing sunitinib, which comprises the following steps that: tert-butyl acetoacetate and acetylacetic ester are taken as initial raw materials, and tetra-substituted pyrrole is obtained through a nitrosification reduction reaction; then 2,4-dimethyl pyrrole-3-formic acid is obtained through the hydrolysis and is amidated; then an aldehyde group is utilized on position 5 of pyrrole through a Vilsmeier-Hacck reaction; and finally the obtained product and 5-fluorooxindole react to obtain the sunitinib. The method has low cost and simple operation, and is favorable for industrial production.


The details of two consecutive admissions of a diabetic, epileptic patient are presented. Anticonvulsant serum level monitoring documented a decline in both phenobarbital and phenytoin concentrations during both episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. These periods of reduced serum anticonvulsant concentrations coincided with increased seizure activity. Urine analysis revealed a dramatic increase in the excretion rate of phenobarbital. The urinary excretion rate of unchanged phenytoin was also markedly increased by diuresis, but the percent of the dose removed via this pathway remained small. These results dictate frequent serum concentration monitoring in patients afflicted with both diabetes and epilepsy.


The invention aims at phenomena of sudden sinking, surging soil, over-high sinking speed, extra sinking, over-large displacement, over-large inclining and the like in the existing open caisson sinking construction process at a saturated water condition in a geological sludge layer, and provides an open caisson sinking construction method that adopts cement powder spraying piles. The method comprises three manners of arranging a waterproof curtain at the periphery of an open caisson, distributing sinking stabilizing piles at cutting edges of the open caisson and arranging a composite foundation at the bottom of the open caisson, so that the stability of inner soil body is ensured, gestures and sinking speed and depth of the open caisson are controlled accurately and the open caisson can be used normally.


This wafer holding stage 10 is provided with an adhesive layer 16, which is formed of a resin, between an electrostatic chuck 12, which is formed of a ceramic, and a cooling plate 14, which is formed of a metal. The adhesive layer 16 comprises a first layer 16a that is in contact with the electrostatic chuck 12, a second layer 16b that is in contact with the cooling plate 14, and an intermediate layer 16c that is positioned between the first layer 16a and the second layer 16b. The first layer 16a and the intermediate layer 16c have higher heat resistance than the second layer 16b, and the second layer 16b has higher flexibility than the first layer 16a and the intermediate layer 16c. These layers are in airtight contact with each other.


The impact of a water drop on a thin layer of glycerin leads to the formation of an intricate flower-like pattern. We show that these leaf-like forms are generated by a surface-tension instability at the air–liquid interface along which there exists variable concentration of glycerin and water. Spatial variations of surface tension drive intense vortices inside the water layer, which interact with the glycerin–water concentration at the surface. Horizontal bending of these vortices is reinforced by the resulting enhancement of the surface-tension gradients.


Introduction Intraperitoneal oncolytic vaccinia virus (Olvi-Vec) was administered to heavily pretreated patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer (PRROC) followed by intravenous carboplatin-doublet (CD) ± bevacizumab (Bev) in a Phase-2 trial (NCT02759588). Primary objectives: RECIST overall response rate (ORR) & progression-free survival (PFS). Methods Patients with PRROC who progressed after most recent therapies received 2 days of Olvi-Vec followed by CD±Bev, then maintenance with single-agent therapies ± Bev. Pre-&post-virotherapy tumor biopsies were obtained for translational analyses. Results 27 patients enrolled: median 4 prior regimens, 82% prior Bev, 52% platinum-refractory and 48% platinum-resistant. Mean cycles of CD±Bev were 6(±3). Median follow-up was 26.5 months. RECIST ORR was 54% (95%CI:33–74%): 2(8%) complete response, 11(46%) partial response; 8(33%) stable disease. Median duration of response was 7.6 months (95%CI:3.7–9.6). Clinical benefit rate was 88%. Median PFS was 11.0 months (95%CI:6.7–13.0), and PFS-6-month was 77%. CA-125 ORR was 85% (95%CI:65–96%). There were no Grade 4 adverse events with virotherapy. Performance status was preserved/improved in 24 (89%) patients while on CD±Bev. Post-virotherapy intra-tumoral infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and upregulation of STAT1 expression (p=0.008) were demonstrated. Conclusions Despite PRROC, prior bevacizumab, and progression on last therapy, the majority of patients achieved RECIST response with median PFS exceeding their prior line of therapy. Virus-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment may explain the apparent clinical reversal of platinum resistance.


Language ideology determines people's language orientation and their attitudes towards a language or a language variation. The dominant language ideology of a country decides the language policy of the country. It is a covert language policy. A language conformity ideology has been established in the United States since the colonial age,which has gradually evolved into an English-center monolingual doctrine. The bilingual education is in essence consistent with the English-only education,both taking assimilation and exclusion of immigrant languages as the theme,and they are a direct manifestation of English monolingualism.


Abstract : Buckling tests were conducted on thin- and thick-walled sandwich cylinders under bending loads. Cylinders were constructed with cores weak in shear (cellular cellulose acetate, CCA) and cores strong in shear (end-grain balsa, EGB) to check the validity of theoretical procedures for predicting over-all buckling and wrinkling. The 1/8-in.-thick sandwich was considered to have the minimum thickness feasible. To study the wrinkling behavior of cylinders under bending loads, a 1/2-in.-thick sandwich was used. The cylinders had a 6-in. nominal radius and a 36-in. length. The cylinder-face material was 0.010-in. 24S-T3 aluminum alloy. To facilitate installation of the test specimens, 2-in.-wide hardwood blocks were bonded to both the inside and outside faces at each end of the cylinder. Data are given for the shear modulus, elastic-compressive modulus, and failing loads. The experimental failing load under bending averaged 32% higher than the theoretical value of Wang and Sullivan (TIP U20334) for the 1/8-in. CCA cylinders. The experimental failing load under axial compression averaged approximately 2% higher than the theoretical value of Teichmann, Wang, and Gerard (J. of the Aeronaut. Sci. 18, no. 6:338-406, 1951) for the 1/8-in. CCA cylinders, indicating excellent agreement. In bending, the 32% higher experimental value was in agreement with the fact that the thin-walled EGB cylinders were not even as strong as the CCA cylinders was difficult to reconcile with the core properties. The experimental values of maximum failing stress were considerably below the predicted values for the thick-walled cylinders. The predicted wavelengths were somewhat less than the observed values.


Experiments are reported on the effects of electron prebunching in a mildly relativistic, low current (200kV, 1A) free electron laser amplifier operating in the collective (Raman) regime at a frequency of %1OGHz. Prebunching is established by injecting an electromagnetic wave into a bifilar. helical wiggler and then transporting the bunched beam into a second magnetic wiggler region. The wave growth rate is deduced from measurements of the radiation intensity as a function of interaction length. Observations show that prebunching can increase the radiation growth rate manyfold as compared with a system without prebunching. Studies are presented both in the small signal (linear) regime, and in the nonlinear (saturated) regime. tPermanent address: Applied Physics Dept., Scientific Div., Rafael Laboratory, P.O. Box 2250, Haifa 31021, Israel. ttPermanent address: Chengdu Institute of Radio Engineering, Research Institute of Microwave Electronics, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.


The invention provides a display device of a machine tool, which can freely set the structure of a display picture according to the intention of an operator and has good operation. In the display device of the machine tool, when the operator selects the combination of display project and display size, based on the display information of a configured area storage part, a plurality of configured areas corresponding to the display size selected by the operator respectively are displayed in a display part. A set picture storage part stores the position information of the configured area set by the operator in the plurality of configured areas displayed by the display part and the display project selected by the operator correspondingly. A display device, based on the display project and position information stored by the set picture storage part, displays the configured area corresponding to the display project set by the operator in the set picture.


This paper synthesizes research methods on the coupling of land use efficiency and spatio-temporal heterogeneity, aiming to provide insights into the diversity and important findings in this important field. Land use efficiency is a key factor in sustainable land management and resource planning, while spatio-temporal heterogeneity emphasizes the variability between different regions and points in time. The article explores the methods and applications of land use efficiency research from different perspectives. Remote sensing technology and geographic information systems (GIS) are considered two pillars of land use efficiency research, which complement each other but also have their own applicability and limitations. Remote sensing technology can provide large-scale and multi-scale land use information, but with limited resolution, while GIS is suitable for spatial analysis of land use and integration of multiple geographic data, but relies on accurate datasets. Time series analysis and spatial analysis modeling are key methods in land use change studies. Time series analysis is used to reveal historical trends and future projections of land use, while spatial analysis models emphasize the spatial linkages between land uses. These two methods have their own focus and can be selected and combined according to the research questions. The study of land use efficiency and spatio-temporal heterogeneity needs to consider its important impact on the environment. Good land management can protect ecosystems, combat climate change and maintain resource sustainability. In addition, these studies provide guidance for practical applications of sustainable land management and resource planning, including urban planning, agricultural improvement, ecosystem protection, and climate change adaptation. However, land use efficiency and spatial and temporal heterogeneity studies suffer from limitations and uncertainties such as data uncertainty, data availability, and modeling assumptions. Future research could explore more integrated approaches, especially in the context of climate change and socioeconomic factors. An in-depth study of the variability and best practices in different regions can help improve the scientific basis for land management decisions. This paper summarizes the coupled research methods on land use efficiency and spatio-temporal heterogeneity and their importance. These studies provide certain references for sustainable land management and resource planning, and help to realize sustainable resource utilization, environmental protection, and sustainable socio-economic development.


: We describe a new approach to selective H 2 -driven hydrogenations that exploits a sequence of enzymes immobilised on carbon particles. Using a catalyst system comprising alcohol dehydrogenase, hydrogenase and an NAD + reductase on carbon black, we demonstrate greater than 98% conversion of acetophenone to phenylethanol. Oxidation of H 2 by the hydrogenase provides electrons, via the carbon, for NAD + reduction to recycle the NADH cofactor required by the alcohol dehydrogenase. This biocatalytic system operates over the pH range 6-8, and also in un-buffered water, can function at low concentrations of the cofactor (10 μM NAD + ) and at H 2 partial pressures below 1 bar. Total turnover numbers >130,000 during acetophenone reduction indicate high enzyme stability, and the immobilised enzymes can be recovered by a simple centrifugation step and re-used several times. This offers a route to convenient, atom-efficient operation of NADH-dependent oxidoreductases for selective hydrogenation catalysis. phenylethanol were separated using a Chromolith® Performance, 100-3 mm column with a mobile phase of 80 % water and 20 % acetonitrile, run at 1 mL min -1 with column oven maintained at 40 o C. The substrate and product were observed at 3.28 and 2.21 minutes, respectively. The concentration of product was determined by comparison to concentration standards; the conversion of acetophenone to phenylethanol was determined by comparison to ratio standards. No background reaction of acetophenone was detected over 20 hours in either water or Tris-HCl buffer, in the absence of the enzymes (SI Fig. S7). of the shaker device used to provide a controlled H 2 atmosphere during reactions.


Filter design is complicated especially when advance or higher order circuits are involved. Complex circuit parameters interaction may lead to nonlinearities that require tedious mathematical and theoretical calculations for achieving the design specifications. Thus, expertise is required to study the filter behaviour. This paper suggests a stochastic Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based model to optimize the 4 Order Sallen Key High Pass Filter. The optimization aims to achieve specified range of output gain, cut-off frequency and pass band ripple. The circuit is simulated with LTspice, while the algorithm is developed in Matlab. The results shows that GA has fulfill both input and output requirements of the filter. 


ABSTRACT Feature-based modelling is the leading approach for computer-based product design. The development of knowledge-based information systems brought to represent features in formalised ontologies. The lack of a clear ontological analysis of how features are understood in engineering led to formal models that treat features in an ambiguous manner, or reduce them to pure geometric elements. The purpose of the paper is to present a modular ontological architecture to support the explicit and machine treatment of features' semantic. Differently from the state of art, we provide a general framework where features are contextualised within a larger system for product knowledge representation. We focus on the fundamental (ontological) properties that features satisfy independently from specific applications and contexts of usage. The paper presents modelling case studies where the proposed ontologies are used to represent and (automatically) reason over product knowledge, and to analyse, compare, and integrate existing features classifications.


Objective: To prepare ambroxol hydrochloride osmotic pump controlled release tablets. Methods: Ambroxol hydrochloride was enveloped by hydroxyl-β-cyclodextrin and its formula-tion was optimized by orthogonal design. Results:The release rate of ambroxol hydrochloride osmotic pump controlled release tablets prepared was conformed to requirement. Conclusions: The solubility of ambroxol hydrochloride was improved by hydroxyl-β-cyclodextrin, therefore simplified the procedure for preparation.


The water-soluble crude polysaccharide (APP) was isolated from fruit bodies of Auricularia polytricha by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and deproteination with Sevage method. It was found that APP could markedly inhibit growth of Sarcoma 180 in mice. APPⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was separated from APP by ion-exchange on DEAE-Cellulose-52, and APPⅡ could


Aims Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is predicted to be under-diagnosed in the general population. RBD is one of the four core clinical criteria for the diagnosis of LBD. Longitudinal studies of RBD show strong association with LBD, so there is potential for early identification of LBD and subsequent management. We aimed to screen 100% of patients referred to Trafford MATS for RBD. Methods We performed three Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles; in the first cycle we introduced a validated RBD screening question, from the DIAMOND-Lewy study, to the initial memory assessment proforma. This asked 'Have you ever been told that you "act out your dreams" while sleeping (punched or flailed arms in the air, shouted or screamed)?' In the second PDSA cycle, we delivered a RBD and LBD educational package to the specialist memory nurses who undertake the initial assessments. In the third PDSA cycle reminders were sent to the team to use the new assessment proforma. We collated data from patients who had undergone an initial memory assessment between 06/04/21- 22/06/21 from the trusts electronic database. Results Initial baseline data showed that 0% of initial assessments screened for RBD; at the end of PDSA one this was 100% and 75% at the end of PDSA two. This increased to 100% at the end of the last PDSA cycle. The main reason for non-completion of the screening question was use of the old proforma. 4/152 patients screened positive; patients were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, delirium, vascular dementia and mixed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, respectively. Conclusion The introduction of a RBD screening question into the MATS initial assessment proforma improved screening for RBD. We think the variation in screening compliance rates was likely due to practitioners using old assessment proformas, hence sending reminders of the new proforma. A limitation of the project was that some patients did not have a bed partner, which makes identification of the disorder more difficult. Since the completion of the project, we have circulated a news bulletin through the Dementia United charity to raise awareness of our QI project nationally and also discussed the project with the Lewy Body society. Whilst our project has not yet identified a patient with LBD, we feel that introducing this screening question is a very easy and reproducible change to implement and RBD should be screened for in all memory patients.


Gas‐phase acids (nitric, formic, acrylic, methacrylic, propionic, and pyruvic/butryic acid) were measured using negative‐ion proton‐transfer chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry (NI‐PT‐CIMS) in Pasadena, CA as part of the CalNex 2010 (Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) study in May–June 2010. Organic acid concentrations ranged from a few parts per trillion by volume (pptv) to several parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with the largest concentrations observed for formic and propionic acids. Photochemically processed urban emissions transported from Los Angeles were frequently sampled during the day. Analysis of transported emissions demonstrates a strong correlation of organic acid concentrations with both nitric acid and odd oxygen (Ox = O3 + NO2) showing that the organic acids are photochemically and rapidly produced from urban emissions.


The Weyl equation has been used to study the interaction of a neutrino flux with a plasma in a stellar medium. The derived basic nonlinear equations are solved numerically and analytically. Depending on the initial and boundary conditions, soliton, shock front, and stabilized periodic explosive solutions, for free dissipation plasma, are obtained.


The objectives of the present investigation were to determine whether subgroups of Cognitively-Impaired-Not-Demented (CIND) individuals with distinct neuropsychological profiles exist in two independent samples, and whether subgroup membership is related to diagnostic outcome over periods of 2 to 5 years. A series of cluster analyses was performed on ipsative factor z-scores derived from principal component analyses. Five subgroups were identified in the Base Sample (n = 461): Verbal Dysfunction,Verbal/Visuospatial Dysfunction,Memory/Verbal Dysfunction,Memory Dysfunction, and Visuospatial Dysfunction. This five-cluster solution was replicated in an independent sample of CIND individuals (n = 166). The highest rates of conversion to dementia were observed in the Memory Dysfunction and Memory/Verbal Dysfunction subgroups. The Verbal Dysfunction subgroup was most likely to show improvement in cognitive status. The cognitive heterogeneity of the CIND condition must be taken into account in future research focusing on the early identification of dementia. The research described herein was conducted as part of a doctoral dissertation by the first author (K.R.P.). While conducting this research, the first author (K.R.P.) received support from a Doctoral Training Award jointly funded by the Alzheimer Society of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and by a Postgraduate Scholarship funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The CSHA was supported through the National Health Research and Development program grant # 6606-3954-MC[S]. The ACCORD study was supported through the MRC PMAC program grant # PA14197 awarded to H.F. We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to the participants and their families for their commitment to both the CSHA and ACCORD studies. We would also like to acknowledge the hard work performed by each centre that participated in each of these two studies.


This research aims to know and describe the implementation of groundwater tax collection process, obstacles and efforts made to determine these obstacles and calculate the amount of groundwater tax contribution in South Minahasa District conducted by the Regional Tax and Retribution Agency of South Minahasa Regency. This research is descriptive approach. The focus of this research is the application of the groundwater tax collection process, the obstacles and efforts undertaken to find out these barriers and the large contribution of ground water taxes. Based on the results of the research, the implementation of groundwater tax collection process in South Minahasa Regency has been conducted in accordance with the Law Number 28 Year 2009. However, the process of collecting ground water tax has not been done thoroughly in accordance with the provisions of the law. The obstacles are the people's unconsciousness over the ground water tax obligations, the arrears, the water meter has not been applied as a whole, and the business ambiguity inherent in the household. Efforts taken to overcome obstacles are socialization and a direct approach to the community, billing in the current month, installation of water meters and raising ground water prices. The contribution of groundwater taxes in the fiscal year 2014-2016 has increased, although for its contribution to local revenue slightly. Keyword: Ground Water Tax, Tax Collecting, Regional Tax, Contributions


This policy brief examines the growing rate of repeated falls among senior citizens, comparing data from the 2003 and 2007 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). The authors found that over half million older Californians (565,000) fell more than once in 2007—about 100,00 more seniors with repeated falls than in 2003. National guidelines by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and a recent synthesis of the scientific literature recommend reducing the risk of falling by older adults with a history of falls through an evaluation by a health professional with counseling on how to reduce falls, a review of medications, home modifications, exercise or physical therapy, and using a cane or walker if needed. However, the authors of this brief found that fewer than half of seniors with multiple falls engaged in the six recommended preventive activities in the previous year. Falls are the leading cause of injury among older adults. Over 1,400 California seniors died due to injuries from falls in 2007; over 67,000 more were hospitalized; and almost 200,000 emergency department visits were due to falls by Californians of all ages. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship.org/help_copyright.html#reuse Health Policy Research Brief


The palm oil- and palm kernel oil-producing countries in South East Asia are becoming the dominant producers of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. The large and very efficient palm oil plantations are giving the local producers of basic oleochemicals a decisive competitive advantage. The production of fatty acid methyl esters for use as biodiesel is expanding all around the world. In tropical countries, the preferred raw material for biodiesel is palm oil, Europe uses mostly low-erucic rapeseed oil and the USA soya oil. To a large extent, the growth of biodiesel depends on direct or indirect subsidies for the agriculture and on tax exemptions. The rapid growth of biodiesel has created an excess of glycerine, which cannot be absorbed by existing markets. The price for glycerine will probably remain low for the next years and therefore attract investments in new applications.


To eliminate environmental toxins and metabolic products,the body is equipped with kinds of transporters which are generally exist in liver,kidney,and intestine. The polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCTs) mediate the facilitated transport of a variety of structurally diverse organic cations,including many drugs,toxins,and endogenous compounds. In this review,we focus on its first identified member OCT1. Several genetic variations have been found in the human solute carrier(SLC)22A1 gene,which encodes OCT1,and many of these variations reduced its transport activity. It has been demonstrated that the organic cation transport by rOCT1 is stimulated by protein kinase C(PKC),protein kinase A(PKA). These may mediate drug-drug interaction between the inhibitors or activators of PKC or PKA and substrate-drugs of OCT1.This article will review the physical and pharmacogenetical functions of OCT1.


A Fermat number is an integer of the form
      n ≥ 0
The Fermat numbers are named after the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat (1601 – 1665) who first studied numbers  of such form.
In this paper we investigated some  interesting properties of the Fermat numbers.
The first five Fermat numbers are 1,5,17,257 and 65537.
The Main Results
The following two theorems deal with the recursive properties of the Fermat Numbers.


In light of the unrelenting negative educational outcomes experienced by Black youth, its impact to the community, and the community's relative absence from the sociopolitical sphere of educational policymaking, this article explores how two specific periods in the educational history of African Americans provide a framework of how social networks and capital can be leveraged to make substantive progress towards achieving educational success for our youth. This discussion does not intend to romanticize or to invent an idyllic revision of a difficult and tumultuous past, or to suggest that community members are not currently engaged in any strategic action to affect educational change. It does intend to recognize that the structure of the social networks within the community as well as its generation and utilization of social capital played an important role in the historical struggle for educational access and quality.


ABSTRACT Ignition prediction of polymer-bonded explosives is difficult due to complex multiphysics coupling processes with heterogeneous microstructure, such as microcrack, microvoid, crystal size, and the interface property. Traditional simulation completely depends on the materials model and it is quite time-consuming. In this paper, considering heterogeneous microcracks, the data-driven ignition prediction method is proposed. A hybrid machine learning algorithm integrated with principal component analysis (PCA), binary gravitational search algorithm (BGSA) and backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) is developed. Based on the ignition database produced by finite element simulation, combining the developed prediction method, the results show better accuracy and efficiency on ignition prediction, compared with another four traditional machine learning algorithms.


We investigated the feasibility of using polarimetric imaging for water bubble detection in turbid water. We demonstrated that the best strategy is to utilize total internal reflection and capture the degree of circular polarization images.


The nonlinear optical (NLO) response of superalkali (K3O) doped thia[7&8]circulenes (1–18) is analyzed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The high interaction energies illustrate thermodynamic feasibility of these complexes. Natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis confirmed that electronic charge is transferred from K3O toward thia[7&8]circulenes. Additionally, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)—the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy gaps are reduced up to 0.81 eV after doping. Polarizability (α o) and the first hyperpolarizability (β o) values are used to estimate NLO response of doped circulenes. The highest α o and β o obtained for K3O doped thia[7&8]circulene (9) are 7297 au and 3.03 × 108 au, respectively. Two level model illustrates that the excited dipole moment as decisive factor for enhancement of NLO response. The electronic excitation is confirmed from ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopic analysis where all doped circulenes showed bathochromic shift. Ab initio molecular dynamics depicts strong interaction and high thermal stability of K3O doped thia[7]circulene 9. Thus, K3O doping on thia[n]circulenes (n = 7&8) remarkably enhanced the NLO response which assures the use of respective complexes in designing of building blocks for future optics.


Sir Berkeley Moynihan once said that the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was so often missed because it was not often considered. Since the truth of this remark seemed applicable to your essayist and he missed his diagnosis in this condition, it was deemed wise to do a little research of the literature concerning this disease and, of course, to consider the condition in all abdominal cases in the future, before arriving at a diagnosis.


Teaching management is an important part of daily management in universities,and a teaching secretary plays an important role in it.But now teaching secretaries' quality in many universities needs greatly increased and teaching secretary's literacy needs further improve.Vocational training play an important role in increasing teaching secretary's quality,at the same time,it has operability.Strengthening pre-job training and making training system normalized is very important to increase teaching secretary's quality and increase universities' teaching management level.