The Th17 subset of CD4 cells is critical to inflammation. Secretion of IL-17 by Th17 cells drives inflammation in human diseases and their mouse models, including IBD, psoriasis and arthritis. The differentiation of mature Th17 cells depends upon stimulation in the presence of IL-6, TGF-β and IL-21 and the induction of RORγt, but their phenotype is stabilised by IL-23, which is essential to Th17 stability and function. Initial induction of Th17 cells can be antagonised by IL-4 or IFN-γ, but mechanisms through which terminal differentiation can be inhibited have not been identified. We found that HuIL23Rα chain mRNA transcripts exist that lack exon-9 ("Δ9"); these are translated to a truncated receptor form containing the entire external domain of the wild-type protein. Here, we show that this soluble variant of the HuIL23Rα chain antagonises IL-23 signalling and Th17 maturation. The variant is secreted and present at low levels in the blood. This soluble form represents 10% of HuIL23Rα chain mRNA. It binds IL-23 in solution and inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 caused by IL-23. In experiments designed to differentiate human Th17 cells in vitro, the Δ9 form inhibits the production of Th17-associated cytokines, including IL-17A and IL-17F. Δ9 does not bind IL-12; thus it is a specific inhibitor of IL-23 and a modulator of Th17 cells. Our results indicate that this soluble form of HuIL23Rα likely functions to regulate Th17 activity.


This issue, the first of volume 7, contains some of the papers presented at the one-day meeting Has the Past a Future? held at the Geological Society of London on 24th September 1998. The meeting was organised by John Thackray for the History of Geology Group , the Geological Curators' Group, and the GeoConservation Commission. Altogether eight papers were presented of which five appear herein. In addition Chris Green (Royal Holloway, Egham) spoke on the work of the Curry Fund of the Geologists' Association, John Martin (Leicestershire Museums) recalled the considerable work and stages involved in collecting, conserving and exhibiting the Rutland Dinosaur, while John Thackray (Natural History Museum, London) discussed the longevity of modem electronic archives.


We observe directly the site hopping motion of a molecular O{sub 2} species on Si(111)-(7{times}7) surfaces using a variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. At the temperature range of our observation, the hopping is mainly confined to one-half of the 7{times}7 unit cell between adjacent 7{times}7 adatom sites. Through Arrhenius plots, the activation energies for the hopping between different atomic sites are derived. We also resolve two short-lived intermediate states which mediate the site hopping. An atomic mechanism is proposed to explain the molecular hopping process. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


This is n farther study to evaluate the feasibility of using the temperature difference between lumber-renter and kiln-air as a guide far estimating the final moisture canted of the wood during high-temperature kiln drying. Lemonscented gum (Eucalyptus citriodora) and Taiwan incense-cedar (Calocedrus formosana) lumber, 3 and 5cm (T)×12cm (W)×160cm (L), were used for this study. Each group of the test boards was dried at 100℃ with mixture of steam and air process. The results of this study indicate that: 1.The temperature difference between lumber-center and kiln-air can be used as a guide for estimating the final average moisture content of the wood during high-temperature kiln drying, but it is not suitable for some species which are susceptible to severe internal checks. 2.The final average moisture content is about 6%, when central-temperature of the samples up to 109℃ or 1℃ below the kiln air for 3 and 5cm Taiwan incensecedar to be dried at 110℃. 3.Lemon-scented gum 3 and 5cm lumber cannot be subjected to temperature about 110℃ without inflicting serious degrade from surface checks and end-grain honeycombing; in other words, high-temperature kiln drying is not a system to be used for Lemon-scented gum lumber.


I would like to nominate the cited paper for the centenary edition of the Journal of the Textile Institute. It is one of the most cited papers ever published by the journal, ranked among the top ten of all time most cited articles. This work first reported a simple, but versatile process to directly electrospin continuous nanofiber yarns with a wellcontrolled twist level, using a special electrospinning setup consisting of two oppositely charged electrospinning nozzles, one rotary funnel collector, and one yarn winding system. The significant difference in the technique from other studies is that a highly twisted nanofiber yarn is drawn from a rotating hollow fibrous cone that is dynamically generated from oppositely charged nanofibers. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoride propylene) (PVDF-HFP) was used as a model polymer to elucidate the effects of operating parameters and polymer concentration on yarn/fiber diameter, twist level, and yarn production rate. Nanofiber yarns produced by this method may be very useful for construction of complicated nanofibrous assemblies for various applications, especially in biomedical equipment, catalysis, reinforcement, and fiber-based microelectronics. Electrospinning has been regarded as the most effective and versatile technology for producing nanofibers. To date, however,electrospunnanofibers have been produced mainly in the form of randomly oriented nonwovens, rather than continuous yarns. As stated in the paper's introduction part, yarns can serve as the key building blocks to construct complex fibrous structures for numerous application areas. They are produced typically in the form of either continuous filaments or spun yarns consisting of twisted staple fiber strands. Although spun yarns can be easily produced from conventional fibers using well established spinning technologies, converting nanofibers into interlocked continuous fiber bundles, i.e. nanofiber yarns, remains a challenge due to the difficulties in manipulation of nanofibers using conventional yarn production techniques. Previously, adding twist to continuous nanofiber bundles during electrospinning has been reported. The reported techniques involved either directly drawing and twisting freshly electrospun nanofibers from a still collector plate, or using a special collector composed of two perpendicular rotary metal disks in which a nanofiber yarn was formed when nanofibers were deposited between two earthed disks. However, controlling the twist level, yarn dimension and spinning stability was difficult. For instance, in the case of using perpendicular disks as collector, a short electrospinning distance had to be used, which often resulted in wet and sticking fibers, leading to poor nanofiber/yarn quality. It remained a challenge to produce efficient nanofiber yarn electrospinning processes with well-controlled yarn quality until this work by Ali et al. I believe that this work is significant and pivotal for the development of the nanofiber yarns' discipline. This paper gives comprehensive information about the electrospinning technique and electrospun nanofiber yarns to academic researchers and engineers working in this area. The proposed approach can adequately address the changes that have taken place in the subject area. Method procedures, material selection, equipment apparatus, optimization and troubleshooting, and future opportunities for improvement have been systematically introduced in the paper, which can be reproduced by potential followers. This paper is well organized and well-written with clear presentation. There are some limitations also in the technology though. First, the work used two single-needle based electrospinning systems, and single-needle based electrospinning system has rather low fiber productivity. Second, not many types of polymers were experimented with using the reported system. Therefore, there is considerable scope for future research in this area to increase the productivity of electrospun nanofiber yarns from a range of polymers, as well as to explore the new applications of such yarns.


The number and sophistication of genetic tools that have become available in recent years for the molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes have continued to increase. Plasmid vectors, reporter genes, systems designed for transposon mutagenesis, heterologous expression systems, integration vectors, and transducing phage have all greatly advanced the experimental capacity to generate, characterize, and complement mutations within L. monocytogenes and to define functional roles of gene products. This chapter provides a brief description of the genetic tools currently available for use with L. monocytogenes. Key references are given throughout this description to provide sources for expanded details on plasmid constructions, assay conditions, and other technical aspects. The variety of genetic tools described is meant to be representative of the resources available to those interested in L. monocytogenes genetics. More widely used tools for studying expression profiles of bacteria are whole-genome DNA macro- and microarrays, which provide a comprehensive transcriptional analysis enabling researchers to view the organism as a system. Several reporter genes developed for use in other systems have proven useful for monitoring L. monocytogenes transcriptional gene regulation. Transcriptional fusions to reporter genes such as lacZ, gus, gfp, lux, and cat have all been constructed in L. monocytogenes and have been used successfully to monitor patterns of bacterial gene expression in culture and within infected cells and animals. The advantages and/or disadvantages of some of these reporter systems are discussed briefly.


For secure and flexible utilize of computing resources, virtual SGX and EPC migration schemes have been proposed. This paper analyzes the proposed EPC migration schemes under live VM context. According to our analysis, each of VM migration schemes has advantages and disadvantages in terms of VM downtime and security aspects.


Summary A chemical determination of INH in patient's blood has been devised which can be carried out within one hour. The serum is deproteinized with 4 volumes of alcohol, centrifuged, and quantities corresponding to one cc serum are heated with 0.5 cc 0.4% 1-fluoro-2.4-dinitrobenzene solution in alcohol and with 0.1 g borax for 5 minutes at 80°. The developed color is read at a wave length of 500 mμ. The method gives good agreement with results obtained by the microbiological methods within the errors allowed for clinical purposes.


Winter School on
'RECENT ADVANCES IN
DIAGNOSIS AND
MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES
IN MARICULTURE'
7-27 November, 2002
Course Manual Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Central ^Aarine Fisheries Research Institute


This article addresses issues regarding the protection of the landscape-nature complex in Lipno, which is a remnant of the former deerpark belonging to the princes of Niemodlin. Presented here are both the changes taking place in this specific garden complex, as well as the present state. Also included are the current natural and cultural dangers affecting further changes taking


Twenty-one eight-week-old healthy broiler chickens of both sexes were used in the experiment. The birds were randomly allotted to three groups: two experimental (A and B) and one control. The chickens from group A received erythromycin in the form of granulate (Erytrowet ® granulat), while the chickens from group B received erythromycin as a powder (Erytrowet ® ). Both formulations were administrated orally at a single dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. Blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after administration of the drugs. Erythromycin concentrations were determined by the HPLC method. Comparison of the plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of both products indicated that there were no differences in the basic pharmacokinetic parameters between both formulations. The results indicate that the formulations used in this study are bioequivalent.


This paper is the text of an address given by the outgoing President of the Society at the 27th National Symposium in Detroit. The Society has continued to grow at an accelerated rate during 1980. Following a discussion of a few examples of important areas of growth, a thesis is developed which explains the reasons for the growth and for the strength of the Society as it enters a new decade. These reasons include the development of new and important technical areas of interest to the membership providing a place for these new developments within the Society, and encouraging synergistic interactions among the Society's Divisions which have apparently disparate objectives. Finally, a report on the events surrounding and following the intervention of several branches of the U.S. Government in the First International Conference on Bubble Memory Materials and Process Technology sponsored by the Society is given. These events unwillingly thrust the Society into the role of lead advocate for the entire technical...


For time independent symmetric hyperbolic systems with elliptic generators, gluing strictly dissipative boundary conditions at a multihedral corner yields a well posed boundary value problem. Uniqueness of solutions with square integrable boundary traces is proved using the Laplace transform and an H regularity theorem.


Prematurity is a known complication associated with multiple pregnancy . Fetal reduction has emerged as a promising option to reduce the complications associated with multiple pregnancies and hence giving couple a chance to parent one or two healthy babies. But fetal reduction is not totally free of risks. We present a case of dichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancy conceived following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) managed with fetal reduction of monochorionic pair followed by spontaneous expulsion of reduced twin and successful delayed interval delivery of the healthy fetus after a latent period of 31 days.


In his novel, "The Deadline", Horia Liman depicts the history of an authentic world governed by unwritten laws belonging to the morality of the common man, especially to the honour code. In a poor isolated community from Oaș, placed on a rocky hill, where only the nettles grow, the knapsack and the knife are held in high esteem. The atmosphere of the novel, its characters and their features, the difficult life and the unwritten laws are gradually unveiled through significant events.


Dorrit Black is an elusive figure in Australian modernism, despite being the first artist to establish a modern teaching and exhibiting space, the Modern Art Centre, which she ran in Margaret Stree...


Background: Soft tissue defects of the limb with exposure of tendons and bones in critically ill patients usually lead to extremity amputation. A potential treatment with topical negative pressure may allow split-thickness skin grafting to the bone, which leads to limb salvage. Materials and Methods: We report on 21 multimorbid patients, 46 to 80 years of age, with severe lower limb soft tissue loss and infection with exposed bone following débridement with critical limb ischemia. Attempts to salvage the extremities were undertaken with repeated surgical débridement followed by vacuum-assisted closure therapy and subsequent split-thickness skin grafting procedures. Results: Infection control and limb salvage were achieved in all cases with multiple débridements, topical negative pressure therapy, and skin grafts. In all patients, the exposure of tendons and bones was reversible by this strategy without a free flap transfer. Discussion: The patients described in this study were severely compromised by systemic and vascular disorders, so extremity amputation had been considered owing to the overall condition and the exposure of tendons and bones. Since it was possible to salvage the affected limbs with this straightforward and simple procedure, this type of treatment should be considered as a last attempt to prevent amputation.


Calabar is one of the first cities in Nigeria that came into contact with the early Christianmissionaries. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints arrived in Calabar more than acentury after Christianity was planted in the area. The Presbyterian, Catholic, Methodist, andAnglican churches had dominated the struggle for religious relevance in Calabar in the 19thcentury. They were later overwhelmed by the "Aladura type" of churches which arrivedCalabar in the 1930s. By the early 1970s, the Aladura fame in the area began to fade as it wasovertaken by the aggressive evangelical approach of the Pentecostal churches. Following thechallenge of the Pentecostal to the historic churches, the later began to evolve internalreformation and strategies to survive the onslaught of the former. It was in the heat of thisstruggle for religious relevance by the historic and Pentecostal churches in Calabar that theChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints arrived in the area. The movement has sincegrown from strength to strength. This paper investigates how a new religious movement withforeign background and ideologies is able to sustain its growth in a competitive religiousspace such as Calabar.


By: Biomedical Media, Inc. Producer: Arlyn Bonfield For: Vascular Surgeons Synopsis: This CD-ROM gives customers access to Le Maitre Vascular's marketing and instructional materials in one, easily accessible package. It provides a dynamic introduction to the company, supplies a variety of educational resources (including videos, journal articles, case studies, patient and professional educational materials, etc.), highlights the features and benefits of the company's products and gives an easy link to the corporate website.


Melamine resin microcapsules containing CI Disperse Blue 56 were prepared by in situ polymerisation. The microcapsules were characterised by their thermal properties and morphology, such as particle size and particle size distribution. The dyeing behaviour of the microcapsules on nylon 6.6 was evaluated. The microencapsulated dye exhibited good build-up, levelness and fastness properties. It has been demonstrated that microencapsulated disperse dye can be used to replace commercial disperse dyes in dyeing polyamide fabric without dyeing additives, and the resulting effluent can be easily recycled after filtration.


The 21st century is the new age in which China speeds up the prosperity- construction, socialist modernization, and the social transfer. At the mean while, China mobilizes the industrialization, advocates the knowledge economy, and information so as to become a better developed country. To adapt to the situation, the essential education should enhance the full - scale and creative - mode development. Specifically speaking, the teachi r education is the strategic issue to fit for the rapid economic development, and the speedy progress of the essential education. Namely the strategic transfers of the teacher education are featured as: quantity - quality, monotony - multifunction, intermediate-advanced diploma, and single - dual major.


Since women have participated in business life more in recent years, female entrepreneurship has been frequently handled in business/management literature. This study aims to reveal the entrepreneurship profile/tendency of prospective female entrepreneurs in the province of Mus, to determine in which sectors women take part more and the general demographical features of the prospective female entrepreneurs in Mus. The population of this study is women who inhabit Mus and do handicraft work, carry out agricultural (growing fruit and vegetables) and animal breeding (producing milk, yoghurt and cheese) and sell those products or work as charwomen or babysitters. The sample of the study is 300 women inhabiting center and districts of Mus. As a result of the study, it is seen that a vast majority of women contribute to family income by doing handicraft work, that they do not have sufficient capital but will attempt to open a place of business if they are supported, that they have never gotten entrepreneurial education and that there are no entrepreneurs in families' of many.


Objective To investigate the relationship between intracranial arterial stenosis(ICAS),arterial occlusion(AO),the extent of collateral circulation(CC)and progressive stroke(PS).Methods Data of 285 patients admitted to hospital within 24 hours of the onset of acute cerebral infarction(ACI)were collected.Baseline information,laboratory findings and neurofunction were recorded.Based on the score of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)for patients hospitalized after 72 hours plus ≥2 marks were defined as PS.3.0 T magnetic resonance angiography was used for assessment of ICAS,AO and CC.Results Of the 285 patients,57(20.0%)were diagnosed as PS.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that stenosis/occlusion in internal carotid artery,in middle cerebral artery,in basilar artery,3rd-degree CC and a history of diabetes mellitus were independent risk predictors of PS.Conclusion PS is a relatively common type of stroke,intracranial arterial stenosis/occlusion and the extent of collateral circulation showed in magnetic resonance angiography imaging may predict the occurrence of this condition.


ABSTRACT Why does peacebuilding keep on failing? A large body of academic literature tackles that question, through the lenses of liberal peace and its 'local turn', and with categories, such as 'the local' and 'the international'. This article offers to question the terms of the debates on peacebuilding failure in lights of an empirical research conducted in Côte d'Ivoire on the Dialogue Truth and Reconciliation Commission, set up by the victor of the 2010–2011 electoral crisis after at least a decade of a 'fragmented civil war' in the country. The empirical method makes it possible to grasp exactly how power relations, first between very heterogeneous domestic actors, then between them and external actors, shape the announced reconciliation process. Despite the role they are given in the literature, the internationals' hold on the process empirically appears ambiguous and tenuous in Côte d'Ivoire.


Introduction: Cystic adenomyosis, which leads to a relatively rare clinical condition wherein a cyst is formed by repeated local hemorrhage from endometriosis of the myometrium, presents a difficulty in preoperative diagnosis. We report a case of a patient who was diagnosed with rupture of cystic adenomyosis using laparoscopic surgery. Case: The patient was a 31-year-old nulliparous, nulligravid woman. Her past medical history was unremarkable. Her menstrual cycle was regular, occurring every 28–30 days. She visited the emergency department with a chief complaint of lower abdominal pain on the eighth day of her menstruation. Because a mass was found at the left adnexal region on computed tomography scan, she was suspected of having a gynecologic disorder and was referred to our hospital. At initial examination in our hospital, the patient had tenderness in the whole abdominal region. Transvaginal ultrasound sonography revealed that she had an 8-cm myoma and a 6-cm mass with an irregular border located at the left adnexal region. The mass was near the left ovary, and this matched the area with direct and rebound tenderness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 6-cm mass with an irregular border with low-signal intensity, including partial and fairly high-signal intensities and mixed areas of highand low-signal intensities on T1and T2-weighted imaging, respectively. The imaging showed normal-sized bilateral ovaries. Based on the clinical course and image findings, subserosal myoma volvulus was suspected, and emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed. A large amount of clot was observed in the abdominal cavity. The bilateral adnexae were normal, whereas myoma-like masses were found in the uterus. One of these masses projecting from the anterior wall of the uterus ruptured with continuous hemorrhage. The mass was excised from its base through transection using an ultrasonic coagulation device. Histopathologic examination findings showed a mass with hemorrhage; the cystic wall showed zonal endometrioid glandular epithelia and interstitial changes. Smooth muscle bundles were found around the wall. Thus, this patient was diagnosed with a rupture of cystic adenomyosis. The postoperative course was good, and she was discharged five days after surgery. Conclusion: As a rare example of a rupture of cystic adenomyosis, which was difficult to diagnose, we treated a patient with acute abdomen using laparoscopic surgery. Although rare, we think that a rupture of cystic adenomyosis should be considered as a cause for an acute abdomen.


We study the effect of the presence of different types of critical points, such as ordinary critical points, multicritical points and quasicritical points, along different paths on the fidelity susceptibility and Loschmidt echo of a three-spin interacting transverse Ising chain using a method that does not involve the language of tensors. We find that the scaling of the fidelity susceptibility and Loschmidt echo with the system size at these special critical points of the model studied is in agreement with the known results, thus supporting our method.


We present exact and estimated quantum differential and integral cross sections as well as product state distributions for the title reaction. We employ a time-dependent wavepacket method including all Coriolis couplings and also an adapted code where the helicity quantum number and with this the Coriolis couplings have been truncated. Results from helicity truncated as well as helicity conserving (HC) calculation are presented. The HC calculations fail to reproduce the exact results due to the influence of the centrifugal barrier. While the truncated calculation overestimate the exact integral cross sections they reproduce the features of the integral cross section very well. We also find that the product rotational state distributions are well reproduced if the maximum helicity state is chosen carefully. The helicity truncated calculations fail to give a good approximation of differential cross sections.


Abstract : This study attempts to determine whether the theoretical concept of the culminating point is relevant today to planning and conducting campaigns or major operations. The study begins with an examination of the culminating point during the conduct of two major WWII operations in which it appears to have played a major role in the outcome of each: (1) Field Marchal Erwin Rommel's drive into Egypt in 1942 which ended at El Alamein, and (2) the combined penetration of the Russian 6th Army and Lieutenant General M.M. Popov's Tank Corps Group into the Ukraine in 1943, which precipitated the third battle of Kharkov. This is followed by an analysis of the various factors involved in the process of identifying the culminating point and a discussion of the role of the commander and his staff in this identification process. The study concludes with a discussion of the utility of this theoretical concept as part of the planning process at the operational level and its applicability to future conflicts and AirLand Battle doctrine.


The environmental reconstruction was produced through interand multidisciplinary geomorphological, archaeological, environmental historical researches, using OSL and radiocarbon dating, malacology, stratigraphy, and sedimentological analyses of samples from archaeological excavations, GIS data processing of contemporary and historical maps, archival documents and the spatial pattern of prehistoric archaeological sites.


Biological characteristics of Apanteles opacus, a major larval endoparasitoid of Sylepta derogata, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The adults emerged on daylight, with the peak emergence at 6:00-10:00 and 15:00-17:00, and 92.6 of them mated on the day of emergence. Female adult only mated once in her life. The female can oviposit without mating, but all of the offspring after emergence was males. Male-biased adult sex ratio were found in laboratory populations (♀:♂=0.66:1). The longevity of adults decreased with the increase of temperatures from 17 ℃to 33 ℃ when honey-water solution was provided. Mean longevity of the adults fed with honey-water solution was longer (12 d at 17 ℃ and 2 d at 33 ℃) than those fed with pure water (6 d at 17 ℃ and less than 1 d at 33 ℃). The adults can make host die through oviposition, or through puncturing and sucking the hemolymph of host. Feeding and parasitism behaviors of the parasitoids are also observed and described.


This study is aimed at examining and analyzing the flouted maxims in Lucifer tv
series first season. In specific terms, this study aims to examine and describe types of
implicature in the flouted maxim in the dialogue of the series of Lucifer. Grice's theory of
cooperative principle and theory of implicature are used to analyze the utterences which
contain conversational implicature that found from dialogue in Lucifer. Descriptive
qualitative method was used to examine and analyze the data gathered in this sudy. The data
were collected by watching and transcribing the utterences of dialogue from the series. The
data found were analyzed by using the theory of Grice's Cooperative Principle and theory of
Implicature by classifying and describing the data. The results of this study show that 5
existence of flouted maxim of quantity, 1 existence of flouted maxim of quality, 3 existence
of flouted maxim of relevance and 1 existence of flouted maxim of manner.


The invention relates to an actuator for a loading device (6), in particular for an exhaust gas turbocharger of a motor vehicle, wherein the actuator (1) comprises a regulating member group (4), by means of the translational movements can be transmitted at least the length of the regulating member group (4) in a having predefined position of the actuator (1) has a predetermined total length (L). Such tolerance adjusted actuator (1) can be replaced during maintenance simple and inexpensive.


Objective To evaluate a method in improving detective positive rate of neoplasms cell by cytological examination.Methods The samples of 72 cases were comparatively analysed by two methods,centrifugal smear and neoplasms cell collector smear. The influence of distributing status and morphological character of cells in the two smears on neoplasms cell positive rate were compared.Results The positive rates of collector group and centrifugation group were 47.22%(34/72) and 18.06%(13/72) respectively,P0.005.Conclusion Neoplasms cell collector can increase detective positive rate of cytological examination of hydrothorax or hydroperitoneum.It′s effective to use the both methods in the same case to deminish missed diagnosis.


Mathematics teaching has been described by scholars to be a task found at various times to be daunting and with a recorded number of successes and failures. It could be made to be more enticing if certain requirements are maintained. One of these requirements is the utilization of adequate and relevant instructional materials. In this regard therefore, this paper portrays what an instructional material is: types of instructional materials in mathematics and how best those materials could be utilized by both teachers and learners. Instructional materials are materials whose usage in reaching mathematics is believed to be instrumental in addressing learning problems. Depending upon the level of operation of the learner, a particular instructional material is required. Instructional materials commonly used include text books, puzzles, cones, cylinders, spheres, triangular prisms, rulers, diagrams, charts, magazines, newspapers, DVDs, transparencies, projectors etc. The paper further recommends how teachers can best use instructional materials and strategies to apply in improvising instructional materials where they are found to be in short supply or grossly inadequate.


Washback refers to "the extent to which the introduction and use of a test influences language teachers and learners to do things they would otherwise not do that promote or inhibit language learning" (Messick 1996:243). This paper presents a summary of the findings of a small-scale study of the initial washback effects of the recently introduced SPM 1119 (English) examination on teaching. The findings indicate that the new examination seems to have succeeded in bringing about generally positive washback. However, other aspects of the examination, such as the marking procedure and the lack of transparency concerning the assigning of two grades for one examination, are seen to be directly responsible for negative washback, which will defeat the good intentions behind the 1997 introduction of the paper. The writers see potential in the new paper for positive washback and offer suggestions to teachers and the testing authority on making washback work.


A scalar-meson dominance model in which the epsilon is coupled derivatively to pions is constructed to study the decay psi'(3684) $Yields$ J(3095) + 2$pi$. This phenomenological approach leads to both an invariant pion mass spectrum in accord with the preliminary results from SLAC and an approximate value of the quark--gluon coupling ($alpha$/sub s/) of 0.2--0.3. We extend the model to include the pion decay modes of the psi''(4150). (AIP)


This paper offers an account of Mr. Gao Han-zhong's paper "On the Next Generation Network" published in "Tele-communication Science (2003.Ⅱ)". A further exposition of the cause of the foamy phenomenon in tele-communication and its level as well as its difficulties, so that readers can have a clearer understanding of the concept of network of the next generation.


The invention relates to a simulation training system of a 10KV typical customer distribution room, which comprises a background computer, a high-voltage unit and a low-voltage unit. The high-voltage unit comprises a high-voltage programmable power supply, a high-voltage leading-out cabinet, a transformer cabinet and a PT cabinet, wherein the transformer cabinet and the PT cabinet are matched with and connected with the high-voltage unit, the lower-voltage unit comprises a low-voltage programmable power supply, a low-voltage leading-out cabinet, a reactive power compensation cabinet and a distribution cabinet, wherein the reactive power compensation cabinet and the distribution cabinet are matched with and connected with the low-voltage unit. The system further comprises a fault simulator circuit and a virtual-load load circuit corresponding to each distribution cabinet. Each circuit is connected with the background computer through a communication system. The fault settings which can be realized in the invention include the faults easily happening commonly so that learners can deeply know and analyze the faults, improve the skill levels of the learners for examining and solving the faults, improve the capability of dealing with emergency, and greatly prompt the post comprehensive professional levels and the field practical operation levels of relative workers, such as power utilization inspectors, distribution running maintainers, electric energy metering workers and the like.


The purpose of the article is to investigate the diurnal variation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients by periodic regression analyses using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Seventy-two open-angle glaucoma patients participated in this study and IOP measurements were taken in this group every 2 h during waking hours. Patients were categorized based on the Glaucoma staging system (GSS) into "severe" (GSS > stage 2) and "less severe" (GSS ≤ stage 2) groups. They were also categorized into high tension (IOP ≥ 19 mmHg) and low tension (IOP < 19 mmHg) groups. Diurnal IOP curves were plotted and analyzed for all patients and for each subgroup by periodic regression analysis with two-way ANOVA. Results showed that all diurnal IOP curves from all patients and all subgroups statistically fitted periodic regression curves within a 24-h period (p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA for all categories). It is concluded that IOP exhibits a 24-h circadian rhythm in glaucoma patients during waking hours.


The present investigation was designed to determine whether the rapid intracellular redistribution of lysosomes to a perinuclear position in reproductive target cells after administration of specific gonadal hormones in vivo was accompanied by evidence of penetration of the nucleoplasm by lysosomal marker enzymes. Nuclei were prepared by conventional isolation and purification procedures from preputial glands or uteri that were excised from gonadectomized rats within 2–15 min after intravenous injection of physiological doses of estradiol-17β, testosterone or saline control solutions. Control and experimental preparations were essentially "pure", as judged by routine phase-contrast microscopic criteria in general use. However, nuclei from target cells of animals given hormone contained substantial activities of representative lysosomal hydrolases, including acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase and acid ribonuclease II. In contrast, the samples originating from the target tissue of saline-treated controls or from non-target tissues contained minimal concentrations of these enzyme activities. After further purification of the nuclei by removal of the outer nuclear membrane through brief exposure to very low concentrations of Triton X-100 in the cold, the resultant 'ultrapurified' nuclei retained significant concentrations of structurally latent lysosomal marker enzymes after hormonal pretreatment without evidence of appreciable contamination by enzymes of mitochondrial origin. Similar results were obtained with nuclei isolated by non-aqueous procedures. These combined observations appear to exclude adsorption artifacts. The total activities of lysosomal enzymes in the unfractionated homogenates and the Mg2+-dependent ribonuclease activity indigenous to the nuclear compartment were unaffected by prior hormone treatment. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that invasion of the nucleoplasm of specific target cells by lysosomal products may serve as a mechanism for triggering genic derepression in steroid hormone-induced growth.


In this paper we describe the design consideration and implementation of portscan detection module regarding to TCP analyzing of SCUT NIDS. The aim of the portscan module is to take immediate action in response to alerts generated by SCUT NIDS to protect the system from portscan attacks. Portscan module is required to maintain TCP connection records, the design of such a connection table is not trivial for a high speed IDS with large number of active connections and high packet arrival rate,especially in a resource constrains Intel IXP2400 network processor. After comparing various design options, we adapted from hash table data structure, employing the special hardware unit assist to calculate a hash over our unique ascending order quadruple which worked in a quite simple but efficient way that is totally different from the Snort scheme, our design not only differentiates both directions of a TCP connection and thus eliminates unwanted additional search operation, but also avoids data corruption and greatly reduces the probability of hash collisions. In order to improve the allocation/deallocation procedure for TCP connection nodes in our IDS systems, we further devised a large management stack caching with a local memory buffer, which is fully exploiting the specialized network processor architectures and optimizing the use of various types of memories with different speeds and size. The theoretical analysis and experiments confirmed that the combination of a large conventional hash table-based search and an array-based stack with caching improves the performance significantly.


Standard From geometrically defined organs in stylized phantoms Patient Specific Using segmentation of organs in patient-specific dose maps Standard CTDI and stylized phantoms Patient Specific Voxelized models based on patient data sets Standard Regression with DLP & E (k factors) Patient Specific Weighted sum of dose map organ doses Morphology of standard reference phantoms used for CT dose estimation can differ greatly from the anatomy of an individual patient A standard reference (stylized, mathematical) phantom (ORNL, Cristy) is compared with CT images of a 5-6 month old patient. Striking anatomical differences between reference and the patient can effect the estimation of dose by dosimetry simulation (Monte Carlo).


Introduction. The analysis of normative documents which regulating the sphere of education indicates the importance of social and educational functions in the activities of classroom teachers. For the successful implementation of these functions, class teachers must have the appropriate competencies. The purpose of the work is to determine the level of formation of social and learning competencies among potential (students) and actual classroom teachers in the Sverdlovsk region, and to offer recommendations for organizing their professional and post-professional training on the basis of a pedagogical university. Materials and methods. The empirical study was carried out in three stages: at the first stage, through testing (n=528); on the second – through the method of scaling subjective assessments of readiness for the implementation of the main areas of socio-pedagogical activity of the classroom teacher (n=2356); on the third – through a survey of students (n=438) about the implementation of their functions by class teachers. Base of research: Ural State Pedagogical University (Russian Federation) Research results. As a result of the first survey, it was revealed that the level of development of knowledge about the methods of socio-pedagogical activity based on an individual approach, especially towards children and adolescents with developmental disabilities, among class teachers is extremely low – only 7%. The second survey showed that the activity component of socio-pedagogical competencies was formed at the "below average" level in social prevention, social rehabilitation and human rights content areas. In the process of the third study, it was determined that organizational-coordinating and information-communicative meaningful areas of activity prevail in the work of class teachers. And in fact, the analytical and prognostic, social and preventive, social and rehabilitation and human rights areas are not represented. Conclusion. Based on the results, recommendations were developed on the organization of professional training of class teachers on the basis of a pedagogical university.


This paper describes the challenges, impediments and lessons learned of a leading Birmingham creative company working in conjunction with Birmingham City University, to deliver a successful combined Technology Strategy Board (TSB) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP). KTP is a UK-wide programme helping businesses improve their competitiveness, productivity and profitability through the better use of knowledge, technology and skills that reside within the UK Knowledge Base. This paper looks at how the placing of KTPs within the creative industry with its piece-meal gathering of expertise for the delivery of products and services to clients, particularly within the fast moving goods market (FMCG) is different to the vertical supply chains more likely found in engineering and manufacturing in UK industries. It will also look at this unique industry environment as a vital contributor to the gross value added (GVA). It will describe these issues within the context of a case study of a KTP between Clusta Ltd, an interactive 'ideas' agency and Birmingham City University, to implement a systematic innovation procedure within the company. It also explores the impact of the ERDF as a funding partner and contributor to the KTP programme within the context of the Clusta project. This also brings to the fore what innovation means for the creative industry and how organisations such as the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA) are responding to the innovation agenda for the industry.


ABSTRACT This article proposes a new measure of television advertising avoidance, the Passive/Active Zap (PAZ), as an occurrence of a set-top box switching channels during a commercial break after at least 5 min of inactivity prior to the break. Twenty-seven percent of eligible commercial breaks are interrupted by a PAZ. A proportional hazards model is applied to a unique dataset to estimate the impact of advertising content and commercial break characteristics on PAZ behavior. The results show that advertising avoidance is negatively associated with movie ads and positively associated with advertising for websites, auto insurance and women's clothing. Ad avoidance also tends to rise with repeated exposures to the same ad creative, advertising aired on general-interest television networks, later hours of the evening, and rainfall.


Knowledge of pharmacology to choose and prescribe drugs is a major challenge encountered by medical practitioners. A number of initiatives have been carried out to improve the teaching of pharmacology and applied therapeutics.Material & methods-A survey was conducted on medical students,pursuing pharmacology at Kasturba Medical College,Manipal,during the month of August 2010,to obtain information regarding students attitude towards Pharmacology. Result-Two hundred and fourteen students participated.The total median score was 56 (maximum score 80).Majority of them suggested to have more problem based learning than didactic lectures and to have integrated teaching with other clinical subjects. Suggestions to improve pharmacology teaching were noted.Conclusion-The findings of the study would be of interest to medical educators in modifying undergraduate pharmacology teaching programme


AbstractRecent increases in technical requirements for constructed facilities along with new contractual approaches and technologies used to deliver them provide special opportunities for increased...


The focus of this research paper is to evaluate independent effects of the yogic breathing exercise, alternate nostril breathing (ANB), on human physiological and cognitive functions. Currently, there is developing interest in using alternative and complementary therapies to manage chronic ailments and debilitating diseases. Among alternative and complementary therapies, yoga is widely used to improve quality of life. The Yoga Sutras compiled by Indian philosopher Maharshi Patanjali includes Ashtanga yoga which has eight limbs/components: Yama (form of moral imperatives), Niyama (virtuous habits and behavior), Asana (postures), Pranayama (control of breath), Pratyahara (withdrawal of senses), Dharana (concentration and introspective focus), Dhyana (profound meditation), Samadhi (state of trance/meditative consciousness). Pranayama includes various techniques to regulate breathing by altering rhythm, rate, phase duration, depth; and by consciously ABSTRACT


Part of the "Women in Management Workbook Series", which aims to provide guidance on pursuing, attaining and succeeding in a management career. This text considers some of the real day-to-day issues which face women managers and provides advice on how to achieve excellence and professionalism.


Vol. 25, No. 2 ♦ 2007 Yigal Amir's case in producing the "Jewish-particularist" narrative instead of the "civic-universalist" narrative preferred by post-Zionists. Given Bilsky's intention to highlight the role of literary narratives of historical trials in molding Israeli national identity, another historical illustration comes to mind. Jud Süss, by Lion Feuchtwanger, exemplifies the many times courts in the history of humankind have reached decisions tainted by politics and popular sentiment in cases involving Jews. In his novel, based on an 18thcentury German historical chronicle, Feuchtwanger describes the career and trial of Jew Süss. As a court Jew in the town of Wurtemberg, Süss used his influence to establish significant contacts and numerous illicit relations with prominent women of this German mini-state. As a result of a schism between Catholics and Protestants, his political patron dies a violent death. The Christian ruling elite want to get rid of an uncomfortable witness, and Jew Süss is condemned to death, but it is a political decision, not one based on justice. By using as an illustration historical events in a German city, Feuchtwanger showed that Christian Europe was not concerned with the pursuit of justice in its dealings with Jews, but with the preservation of communal peace. In Feuchtwanger's novel, it was better that a Jew should be illegally hanged than be left alive to agitate the country. The death of Rudolph Kastner under suspicious circumstances after the first trial in March 1957 raised many questions about the complicity of Zionist leaders in negotiations with Nazi leadership and their lack of commitment to saving Jewish lives in Nazi-occupied Europe. Obviously this potential complicity of the founders of the Jewish state in the death of Jews during the Holocaust penetrates the core of the Israeli national myth. So the critical questions remain unresolved—whether leadership of the State of Israel is up to the task of responding to a profound human drama unleashed by the Holocaust. And whether the dualism of Bilsky's thesis is warranted by the history of the Jewish people. Alexander Murinson School of Oriental and African Studies University of London


A 62 yr old male presented with complaints of neck pain associated with weakness of both upper and lower limbs for 2 months.Weakness began with upper limb progressing to involve the lower limbs. X-ray cervical spine showed C7 vertebral collapse with decreased joint spaces.MRI scan showed compression collapse of C7 vertebral body, thecal sac narrowing & cord changes at this level.C7 corpectomy and biopsy with anterior fusion with bone graft and instrumentation was performed revealing mass around C7 vertebra.Histology revealed fragments of cartilage, bone, & vascular tumorcomposed of well formed vessels lined by cuboidal to hobnail endothelium. Focal areas showed lymphocytic infiltration and occasional benign giant cells suggestive of haemangioendothelioma. The purpose is to present a rare tumour occurring at an unusual site presenting as cervical myelopathy.


─ In this paper, the design and simulation of a modified double-ridged antenna for 2-18 GHz is presented. The designed antenna has a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2.4 for the frequency range of 2-18 GHz and is most suitable as a feed element in the reflectors of the radar systems and EMC applications. The proposed antenna had distortion in radiation patterns in the 10-14 GHz frequency range. This problem has been modified by shaping of ridges. The proposed antenna is simulated with commercially available packages such as CST microwave studio and Ansoft HFSS in the operating frequency range. Simulation results for the VSWR, radiation patterns, and gain of the designed antenna over the frequency band 2-18 GHz are presented and


In order to solve the weakness of joints with specially shaped columns,joints of specially shaped columns with or without groove-shaped steel reinforcement were tested under the low cyclic loading.The joints had the same dimensions and reinforcement.The damage characteristics,bearing capacity,deformation,hysteretic curve,ductility,stiffness degradation and cumulated damage of the joints were compared.It was shown that the damage characteristics of the joint with grooveshaped steel reinforcement and the hysteretic characteristics are improved;the bearing capacity and stiffness are increased;the rigidity degradation and the cumulated damage are delayed,and the seismic performance is enhanced dramatically.


TPS5087Background: Treatment with the AR targeting agents abiraterone or enzalutamide followed by a taxane is currently the most used treatment for men with mCRPC. Further treatment after response ...


Introduction Motor competence (MC) is an important factor in the development of health and fitness in adolescence. Aims This cross-sectional study aims to explore the distribution of MC across school students aged 13–14 years old and the extent of the relationship of MC to measures of health and fitness across genders. Methods A total of 718 participants were tested from three different schools in the UK, 311 girls and 407 boys (aged 13–14 years), pairwise deletion for correlation variables reduced this to 555 (245 girls, 310 boys). Assessments consisted of body mass index, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and upper limb and lower limb MC. The distribution of MC and the strength of the relationships between MC and health/fitness measures were explored. Results Girls performed lower for MC and health/fitness measures compared with boys. Both measures of MC showed a normal distribution and a significant linear relationship of MC to all health and fitness measures for boys, girls and combined genders. A stronger relationship was reported for upper limb MC and aerobic capacity when compared with lower limb MC and aerobic capacity in boys (t=−2.21, degrees of freedom=307, P=0.03, 95% CI −0.253 to –0.011). Conclusion Normally distributed measures of upper and lower limb MC are linearly related to health and fitness measures in adolescents in a UK sample. Trial registration number NCT02517333.


Objective To observe the effect of the derivatives of chrysin(ChR),8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin(BrMC),on the cell growth of human hepatoma cell line(HepG2) in vitro,and pharmacokinetically illuminate why BrMC has stronger biological effect than ChR,through comparing the glucuronidation of BrMC with ChR in Caco-2 monolayer model,and find a new chemical entity with good pharmacodynamics as well as good pharmacokinetics.Methods ①MTT assay was used to determine the effect of BrMC on the proliferation of HepG2 cells and L-02 cells and to evaluate the selectivity of action against tumor cells.②Caco-2 cells were cultured in vitro and Caco-2 monolayer model established by Transwell.③We evaluated the effect of time on glucuronic conjunction formation of BrMC and ChR,HPLC examination.Results ①The MTT assay showed that the inhibitory rate in HepG2 cells was 31.5%,52.3%,61.2%,51.1% and 60.8% treated with BrMC(3.0,10.0,and 30.0 μmol·L-1),ChR(30.0 μmol·L-1) and 5-FU(30.0 μmol·L-1),respectively for 48 h.The efficacy of BrMC was stronger than that of ChR,and close to 5-FU.The toxic activity of the BrMC in L-02 cells(IC50,446.5 μmol·L-1) was significantly lower than that of HepG2 cells(IC50,10.3 μmol·L-1).The selective index was 43.3.②The Caco-2 cells were cultured in Transwell for 21 d,and we established the monolayer cell model successfully.③The glucuronic conjunction of BrMC and ChR increased with time,while the glucuronidation formation rate of BrMC descended markedly.Conclusion The toxic activity of BrMC is highly selective to tumor cells in vitro.After modification by introducing bromine and methoxyl in chrysin,the glucuronidation rate of its derivatives(BrMC) decreases significantly.


Two isolated populations of Platanthera bifolia (Orchidaceae) were monitored for six years in the Biebrza National Park. Platanthera bifolia populations seem to be affected by habitat conditions. The populations differed in size, proportion of fl owering individuals and the effectiveness of reproduction. The natural fruiting rate of P. bifolia is high (over 90%), due to high levels of autogamy (almost 60%). Some costs of reproduction (in terms of reduction of leaf size) were observed. Leaves were largest before fl owering and in subsequent years their size decreased. Dormancy affected population dynamics, varying from 22.4% in one population to 16.3% in the other. Both P. bifolia populations appeared to be healthy and are not threatened with extinction at the two study sites.


Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are grown on electrode deposited SiO2/Si substrate with 800 nm free electron laser (FEL) irradiation. The surface of the electrodes and the region between electrodes are treated to be hydrophilic. The SWNTs with 1.69 nm in diameter is enhanced to grow without the FEL and the diameter is distributed to be 25 kinds of chirality with the mixture of semiconducting and metallic properties. However only semiconducting SWNTs with 1.12 nm in diameter grow at the hydrophilic region between electrodes with only five kinds of chirality; (14,0), (13,2), (10,6), and (5,7) by the effect of the surface treatment and the FEL irradiation.


............................................................ v Introduction .................................... ., .... " ................ 1 Theoretical Basis .................................... ." .. ".............. 3 Equilibrium Formulation ........................................ 3 Non-Equilibrium Formulation .................................... 7 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions .................................. 8 Carbon Isotope Fractionation ................................... 9 Heat Transport Formulation .................................... 13 Solution Approach ................................................... 15 Space and Time Discretization ................................. 16 Implementation of Boundary Conditions ......................... 19 Solution Methods .............................................. 22 Treatment of Dissolution and Precipitation .................... 24 Applications ........................................................ 25 Simulation of Reversible Non-Equilibrium Dissolution of Calcite in CO 2 -Water Systems 25 Simulation of Kinetic Silica-Water Reactions .................. 30 Simulation of Non-Reversible Kinetic Dissolution of Glass .................................................... 37 Simulation of Non"Isothermal Oxidation-Reduction During Transport ............................................ 42 S · 1· f l3 C F . . D . lmu atlon 0 ractlonatlon urlng Non-Equilibrium Reactive Solute Transport in Geologic Systems ............................................ 48 Conclusion ........................................................... 63 Acknowledgements .................................................... 63 References .......................................................... 65 Appendices: Inputs and Outputs of Solved Problems .................. 69 Appendix 1 Soil Water Composition: Input and Output ......... 71 Appendix 2 Kinetic Dissolution of Calcite During Reactive Transport: Input and Output ....................... 75 Appendix 3 Equilibrium Calcite Dissolution During Reactive Transport: Input and Sample Output ......................... 85 Appendix 4 Kinetic Calcite Dissolution in Batch Reactions: Input and Sample Output .................................... 93


This comparative study aimed to investigate the outcomes of the utilization of extubation practice guideline on extubation success, duration of intubation and length of stay in ICU. A purposive sample of 205 medical patients in ICU was recruited for this study, 92 in the retrospective group received a usual guideline and 113 in the prospective groups received the evidence-based guideline. The findings showed that the extubation success between the 2 groups was not significantly different in the patients aged less than 60 years old. Furthermore, duration of intubation and length of stay in ICU between the 2 groups were significantly different (p=.000, p=.014 respectively). For patients aged over 60 years old, extubation success and length of stay in ICU between the 2 groups were not significantly different. Nevertheless, duration of intubation between the 2 groups was significantly different (p=.000).


Child labor is a topic that evokes deep emotions and a growing international concern. Most recent ILO estimates show that some 211 million children between 5 and 14 are engaged in some form of economic activity, and 119 million of them are engaged in haz ardous work. The poverty implications of child labor are often transmitted from parents to children, a process that is called the dynastic poverty trap. If a child has to labor and is therefore insuffi ciently educated, then as an adult he can only be employed as a low skilled, low-paid laborer. If his income is insufficient to provide for a family, his children are also forced to work. The vicious cycle thereby continues


In this paper we consider the problem of minimizing delay variance amongst paths utilized for concurrent multi-path routing. We will assume that we are provided with a polynomial size set of paths. Minimizing the variance in the delay will reduce out-of-sequence packets and hence reduce jitter in the received stream. We assume a network with edge delays as well as edge capacities. The edge delays are modelled using constant, affine (including linear) and queueing delays. We show that the problem is NP-hard (even in the case when polynomial-size paths are given and there is no capacity constraint). We also propose a practical heuristic approach and present experimental results on network topologies mimicking large backbone networks.


The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of microalgae metabolites as a ligand for anti-diabetic target proteins namely Glucokinase, Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, Glycogen synthase kinase, Cytochrome P450, multi-drug resistant protein, and Peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) using computational approach. Three-dimensional structure of microalgal metabolites retrieved from Pub Chem database and the energy minimized. The active site of target protein predicted through PDB sum. Molecular docking has performed with microalgae metabolites using Hex 8.0 and DockThor server. Hex docking revealed binding fucoxanthin was higher with fructose 1,6 bis-phosphatase (-298.31), human multidrug resistant protein 1 (-369.67), and PPARγ (-404.18). DockThor docking suggested Zeaxanthin with Glucokinase produced higher total energy (111.23 kcal/mol) and interaction energy (-2.99 kcal/mol). Lutein with fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase, human multidrug resistant protein, glycogen synthase kinase, PPARγ, and cytochrome p450 produced higher total energy and interaction energy. Further studies will assess the anti-diabetic effect of carotenoids of microalgae, especially Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Fucoxanthin. *Corresponding author: Dr. Turgay Cakmak, Phytoprocess Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Dr. Gurudeeban Selvaraj, Phytoprocess Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey, Tel: +90-216-280-3505, Fax: 90-216-280-2021 Email: email@example.com Received Date: November 29, 2016 Accepted Date: December 28, 2016 Published Date: January 09, 2017


BackgroundOne of the consequences of violence during pregnancy is impaired mother-fetus attachment.ObjectivesThe present study aimed at determining the effect of supportive-educational intervention on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women facing domestic violence.MethodsThe current study was conducted on 100 pregnant women subjected to domestic violence by their husbands. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomized to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received four sessions of individual supportive-educational intervention, while the control group were provided with routine care during the same period. Data were collected using the Cranley maternal- fetal attachment scale in the two groups and analyzed by statistical tests eight weeks after the intervention.ResultsAfter the intervention, the mean maternal-fetal attachment score was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (80.36 ± 6.75 vs. 65.50 ± 6.78; P = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe study results showed that supportive-educational intervention was effective in promoting maternal-fetal attachment. Therefore, it was recommended that such interventions be integrated in the prenatal care programs of pregnant women facing domestic violence.


The objective of this paper is to report the improvements in an empirical absolute calibration model developed at South Dakota State University using Libya 4 (+28.55°, +23.39°) pseudo invariant calibration site (PICS). The approach was based on use of the Terra MODIS as the radiometer to develop an absolute calibration model for the spectral channels covered by this instrument from visible to shortwave infrared. Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion, with a spectral resolution of 10 nm, was used to extend the model to cover visible and near-infrared regions. A simple Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution function (BRDF) model was generated using Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations over Libya 4 and the resulting model was validated with nadir data acquired from satellite sensors such as Aqua MODIS and Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+). The improvements in the absolute calibration model to account for the BRDF due to off-nadir measurements and annual variations in the atmosphere are summarized. BRDF models due to off-nadir viewing angles have been derived using the measurements from EO-1 Hyperion. In addition to L7 ETM+, measurements from other sensors such as Aqua MODIS, UK-2 Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC), ENVISAT Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard Landsat 8 (L8), which was launched in February 2013, were employed to validate the model. These satellite sensors differ in terms of the width of their spectral bandpasses, overpass time, off-nadir-viewing capabilities, spatial resolution and temporal revisit time, etc. The results demonstrate that the proposed empirical calibration model has accuracy of the order of 3% with an uncertainty of about 2% for the sensors used in the study.


James Joyce's Ulysses encapsulates the tempo of life in early twentieth-century Dublin through the straightforward device of tracing the peregrinations of Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom around the city on June 16, 1904. In chronicling the experiences of Bloom and Stephen interacting with Dubliners as they move—first separately and then together—across the metropolitan area, the narrative of Ulysses offers insights into the dysfunctional elements of Irish home life, the fractious consequences of Ireland's political upheavals, the chaotic layout of Dublin's typography, the alternately exhilarating and suffocating elements of Roman Catholic beliefs and rituals, and a host of other topics of local and, ultimately, of universal interest. With its freewheeling referentiality to Dublin's individuals, places, and events, Joyce's work stands as an unmistakably Irish novel. It uses heavily allusive snapshot encounters to convey a strong sense of how middleand lower middle-class individuals lived in Dublin at the beginning of the last century. Its very specificity has a wide-ranging appeal that has engaged readers around the world. In depicting these idiosyncratic lives, Joyce articulates a unique environment that is nonetheless imaginatively accessible to a wide audience. Joyce himself acknowledged this phenomenon in a comment to his friend Arthur Power: "I always write about Dublin because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world."1 Readers agreed, immediately proclaiming Joyce's work a monumental achievement. At a time in literary history when the rise of Modernism and the trauma of the FirstWorldWar challenged the efficacy of the novel,Ulysses presented a unique way of seeing the world. With its resolute detail, Joyce's novel revitalized conventional perceptions and came to dominate the consciousness of the twentieth-century literary scene. Its eclectic thematic concerns, from the erotic to the emetic, established new parameters for narrative discourse. Its wide-ranging stylistic approaches—which reflected a consciousness of literary


In this qualitative study, we aim to gain insight into the stakeholders' perspectives around the inclusion of a mild intellectual disability (MID) student of perinatal origin in the foreign language (FL) classroom, and their perspectives on the student's working conditions, and the support needed to effectively develop this student's basic FL skills. The research hypothesis holds that the stakeholders face numerous technical, contextual, and formative challenges which hinder the MID student's learning conditions in the FL classroom. The study was carried out in a state secondary school of the metropolitan area of Granada (Spain). Different stakeholders participated in this study. As an instrument of research, we designed an in-depth interview with open questions. The data were perused, sifted, and interpreted by means of a content analysis methodology. The main results confirm the research hypothesis since stakeholders' perspectives are positive towards the theoretical bases of inclusive education. Conversely, we observe that these perspectives are negative when it comes to the real and effective practice of inclusive education in the FL classroom, which would allow them to tailor their teaching methodology to the real needs of the MID student and the rest of students with special educational needs (SEN).


Spontaneous reversion to fertility in S male-sterile cytoplasm of maize is correlated with the disappearance of the mitochondrial plasmid-like DNA's, S-1 and S-2, and changes in the mitochondrial chromosomal DNA. Hybridization data indicate that one of the plasmid-like DNA's, S-2, is prominently involved in the mitochondrial DNA rearrangements.


Structures and metamorphic mineral assemblages throughout much of the Proterozoic Capricorn Orogen have been attributed to the 1830 – 1780 Ma Capricorn Orogeny. However, in the northern part of the Gascoyne Complex at the exposed western end of the orogen, precursor sediments to pelitic gneiss and metamorphosed feldspathic sandstone were deposited after 1680 ± 13 Ma. The sediments were first deformed and intruded by voluminous granites during intracontinental reworking (the Mangaroon Orogeny) between 1680 Ma and 1620 Ma. The Mangaroon Orogeny comprises a subhorizontal gneissic layering and peak metamorphic conditions of upper amphibolite facies (D1m/M1m) followed by upright, macroscopic southeast-trending folds and an associated subvertical foliation formed at greenschist facies (D2m/M2m). Schlieric biotite – muscovite granodiorite dated at 1677 ± 5 Ma represents an anatectic melt that intruded during D2m. Cross-cutting biotite and biotite – muscovite monzogranites mainly crystallised at ca 1680 – 1660 Ma, but granite plutons were emplaced across the Gascoyne Complex until 1620 Ma. Our findings invalidate correlation of these metasedimentary rocks with lower grade rocks of the upper Wyloo Group along the northern margin of the orogen, and necessitate a reassessment of tectonic activity in the orogen attributed to the Capricorn Orogeny.


A single organic composite material having high dielectric constant is difficult to meet the needs of the market. Nowadays, polymer matrix-based composites have become a promising option that researchers are focusing on. Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) and composites containing ZnO as reinforcement and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as matrix were prepared. The microstructure of composites was analysed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The chemical structures and crystallisation behaviour of the materials were investigated by the means of FT-IR and X-ray diffractometer. ZnO, having both rod- and sheet-shaped, was evenly distributed within the PVDF material. Additionally, the dielectric properties and breakdown field strength of composite were tested. As the content of the fillers was kept steady, the dielectric constant of the composite material increased proportionally with the Al content. Thus, a composite containing 10% ZnO with 7% Al displayed a dielectric constant of 18.5 at 100 Hz, twice when compared with the pure ZnO/PVDF composites. This phenomenon was attributed to ZnO semiconductor properties which can significantly improve the conductive nature of the materials.


Copper-releasing IUDs cause severe dermatitis (e.g., urticarial eruptions and eczema) in copper-sensitive women. Such exposure of subcutaneous areas is a cofactor for HIV infection. The excessive menstrual bleeding that accompanies IUD use and absorption of virions and infected cells in the semen of HIV-infected males by IUD tails facilitates HIV infection. IUD tails have the highest concentration of HIV in infected women. HIV causes cervicitis in HIV-infected women. The cross reactivity between pelvic inflammatory disease (not rare among copper-IUD users) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increases the risk of HIV infection. Having multiple sex partners is a risk factor of HIV/STD infections. IUDs, diaphragms, latex condoms, and spermicides may cause an allergic reaction in men and women. Condoms made of lamb cecum are an option to men who are allergic to latex. The single greatest factor for HIV infections in Africa is chancroid. The sudden increase of syphilis in the US parallels the sudden increase in HIV transmission. Physicians need to consider the following before treating pregnant STD patients with an antibiotic: possible risk to fetus, altered kinetics and etiology of the STDs, and choice, dose, route, and duration of antibiotic treatment. Family planning services should focus on HIV-infected women, so they can avoid pregnancy. Many public health and family planning clinics offer counseling and HIV-antibody testing. Human semen has various subpopulations of leukocytes. Leukocytes that have enveloped sperm can take sperm antigens to the lymphatic system. The great individual variation in frequency of CD4+ lymphoid cells and monocytes/ macrophages is clinically important in infectivity of semen in HIV-positive men. T4+ lymphocytes are in the semen of fertile and infertile men. HIV carriers should wear condoms. Partial inactivation of HIV after 10 minutes in the condom at 37 degrees Celsius occurs, but inactivation varies by trademark.


This study aims to investigate the influence of learning based multimedia presentation and learning motivation on receiving information  ability by third grade of elementary school in Pontianak. The research design use 2 x 2 factorial. The sampling technique which  population sampling is 60 students in 2 class. Liliefors test was used to test data normality. Barlett test of Chi Square statistic was used for testing data homogeneity. Analysis of variance (ANAVA) was used to analyze data followed by two line. The finding in this research are: (1) Receiving information ability on  learning with animation class have superior or higher than dari Receiving information ability on  learning with image class; (2) There are interaction on  learning based multimedia presentation with learning motivation on receiving information ability; (3) Student have great learning motivation and learning with animation have superior than great learning motivation and learning with image; (4) Student have low learning motivation used learning with image have superior than student have low motivation used leaning with animation. The result of this research are expected to have implications for learning in classrooms for teacher and student.


Introduction: Menarche is an important biological milestone in girls. The age at attainment of menarche is important for implementing programmes to improve the life skills of girls. Objective: To describe the characteristics of menarche, the factors influencing the onset of menarche and to describe the knowledge, beliefs and practices during menarche of adolescent girls in Sri Lanka. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among girls 10-16 years of age in four schools situated in the Ragama Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area. Six hundred and sixty two girls were randomly selected and data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Results: The median age of our sample was 13 years (range 10-16 years); the mean and median ages of attaining menarche were 12,53 and 11,48 years respectively. The mean BMI of girls who had attained menarche was 17.6 (SEM 0.22) Kg/m2 and those who did not was 16.92 (SEM 0.32) Kg/m2. 47% of the girls had a menstrual cycle length of e" 29 days, 23.4% had irregular cycles and 59% reported that the duration of bleeding was 3-5 days. First borns reported a IcJwer mean age at menarche (12.34 years) than the later borns (12.6 years) (p=0.02). Girls from single child families, who were from higher social categories (Categories 1 & 2) and whose parents were educated beyond 0/L attained menarche earlier. 40.8% stated that menstrual blood is not dirty, 70% admitted that there was no prohibition o f having cold or sour foods. The majority of the students had adequate knowledge regarding physical changes during menarche. Girls experienced negative emotions during menstruation. Conclusion: The median age of attaining menarche is 11.48 years. Girls experienced negative emotions during menstruation. Characteristics of menarche in adolescent girls in Sri Lanka 123


It is the Policy of Cornell University actively to support equality of educational and employment opportunity. No person shall be denied admission to any educational program or activity or be denied employment on the basis of any The University is committed to the maintenance of affirmative action programs which will assure the continuation of such equality of opportunity. Starting Points The concept of poverty traps has achieved some prominence within macro development economics to explain the coexistence of groups of national economies that continually grow, invest and become prosperous with other groups of economies that stagnate, under-invest and remain poor. A parallel concept of livelihood strategies has been developed by a multidisciplinary group of development researchers and practitioners to explain the inter-connections between asset portfolios, multiplex strategies of groups and individuals, and outcomes for the welfare of the rural poor. This paper brings together these two concepts and draws out implications for applied research, policy and planning.


Model ODS alloy containing Fe-0.3% yttria was prepared by ball milling and hipping at high temperature and the effect of irradiation on stability of yttria nanoclusters in model ODS alloy is studied by dual beam ion irradiation using 5 MeV Fe+ and 1.5 MeV He+ ions. TEM studies on irradiated sample show that these particles are stable at 25 dpa and 40 appm He concentration. However, at 80 dpa and 360 appm He concentration Yttria particles were found to be unstable as evidenced from increase in average particle size and particle size distribution.


Let $P_{n,m}$ denote the graph taken uniformly at random from the set of all planar graphs on $\{1,2, \ldots, n \}$ with exactly $m(n)$ edges. We use counting arguments to investigate the probability that $P_{n,m}$ will contain given components and subgraphs, finding that there is different asymptotic behaviour depending on the ratio ${m\over n}$.


Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region lies in the northwest of China, and its regional development is relatively backward due to the impact of climate and other environmental aspects, poverty has been an important factor restricting its economic development. In order to solve the poverty problem in Xinjiang effectively, we must fulfill the implement of precise poverty alleviation. This paper introduced the precise poverty alleviation work in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and mainly divided into six parts. The first part introduced the poverty alleviation background, the second part analyzed the exist problems in poverty alleviation work, the third part describes the importance to implement precise poverty alleviation, then summarizes the basic guiding ideas and principles on our current poverty alleviation work, next presents some countermeasures and suggestions and finally summarized the whole article. At the same time, the author hope that through this research the precise poverty alleviation work in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region can be fulfill, and reducing the gap between rich and poor, accelerate the rapid development of western region.


variation in the complexity of the targeted behaviours, baseline compliance, the characteristics of the interventions and the results. The heterogeneity of the results was best explained by differences in the interventions. For 10 comparisons of interactive workshops, there were moderate or moderately large effects in six (all of which were statistically significant) and small effects in four (one of which was statistically significant). For interventions that combined workshops and didactic presentations, there were moderate or moderately large effects in 12 comparisons (eleven of which were statistically significant) and small effects in seven comparisons (one of which was statistically significant). In seven comparisons of didactic presentations, there were no statistically significant effects, with the exception of one out of four outcome measures in one study. Authors' conclusions Interactive workshops can result in moderately large changes in professional practice. Didactic sessions alone are unlikely to change professional practice. P L A I N L A N G U A G E S U M M A R Y Interactive educational workshops can result in moderately large changes in professional practice Educational meetings are one of the most common types of continuing education for health professionals, and an important aim of continuing education is to influence professional practice. This review looked at whether educational meetings and workshops aimed at qualified health professionals were effective in improving professional practice or health care outcomes. The following types of planned educational activities were included: meetings, conferences, lectures, workshops, seminars, symposia and courses that occurred off-site from the practice setting. The review found that interactive workshops could result in moderately large changes in professional practice. Lectures or presentations alone were unlikely to change professional practice. 2 Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (Review) Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. B A C K G R O U N D Nearly all health professionals attend educational meetings, such as lectures and workshops and, on average, health professionals spend a total of from one to three weeks per year at educational meetings (Frank 2000; Lecoq-d'Andre 1999; Goulet 1998; Nylenna 2000; Turner 1991; Rothenberg 1982). Indeed, for many health professionals, educational meetings are a compulsory component of continuing education and continuing professional development ( Peck 2000; Frank 2000). The amount of continuing education time spent at educational meetings is second only to the amount of time spent reading, by self-report (Frank 2000; Goulet 1998; Rothenberg 1982). The amount of resources expended on continuing education meetings for heath professionals is difficult to estimate, but the opportunity costs alone are substantial. Yet, the effects of each of these activities alone to change professional practice and health care outcomes has been questioned ( EBHC 1999; Davis 1995). Although educational meetings may have other benefits such as increased knowledge of appropriate therapy and might contribute to improvements in patient care when combined with other interventions, it is uncertain whether the benefits are worth the costs. Moreover, many educational meetings are organised by the pharmaceutical industry and have a promotional aspect as well as an educational aspect. However, in one survey of general practitioners, it was found that 60% of those who participated in meetings organised by pharmaceutical companies thought them to be of little educational value (Hayes 1990). This raises additional questions about why health professionals attend educational meetings and whether attendance is motivated by other factors. The nature of continuing education meetings is highly variable in terms of content, the number of participants, the degree and type of interaction, length and frequency. In this review, we examine the effects of continuing education meetings on professional practice. An earlier version of this review has been published previously (Davis 1999). In this update, we have provided more details regarding the included studies and our methods, examined possible factors that might explain variation in the effectiveness of educational meetings more systematically, and included studies targeted at other health professionals in addition to physicians. O B J E C T I V E S This review addresses the following question: Are educational meetings and workshops effective in improving professionals' practice or health care outcomes? Comparisons 1. Educational meetings with or without educational materials compared with no intervention/usual care; 2. Educational meetings that use interactive components compared with those that are lecture based; 3. Small group educational meetings compared with large group educational meetings; 4. Educational meetings that include a preceptorship or traineeship with opportunity to practice skills compared with educational meetings alone; 5. Educational meetings that include a local consensus process compared with educational meetings alone.


Nowadays the use of liquid composite molding (LCM) processes for the development of composite parts for both structural and non-structural applications has become of increasing interest. Carbon fiber has been traditionally used as reinforcement for its outstanding properties (chemically inert and very stiff), but it has the disadvantage of its high cost. Glass fiber is susceptible to undergo surface damage and to be sensitive to alkaline environment. Additionally, the current environmental requirements promote the use of natural fibers as reinforcement, in order to achieve more sustainable GreenComposites. In this context, basalt fibers are an alternative to current reinforcements. They are obtained directly from the molten single material, thus being biologically inactive, non-toxic, good electric insulator, and resistant to high temperature. Moreover they exhibit mechanical properties comparable with those of Eglass [1].


This invention relates to a system and a method for utilizing soft switch to realize inquiry of user centralized database of stationary network, in which, said system is composed of a structure taking the user centralized database SHLR and intelligent service platform as two independent nodes of the service/application layer, the soft switch as the control layer, IP packet network as the loading layer and SG and TG set in each of PSTN as the access layer, said soft switch network as the overlapping network of PSTN is corresponding to a combined junction office with the SSP function independent of the local network PSTN to form a new fixed network structure by inter-connection and inter-communication of SG and TG with PSTN, a mobile network and Xiao ling tong network: SHLR+SS overlapping network. This invention also provides a method for enquiring data by SS.


A challenge in the semiconductor industry is the 3D inspection of solder bumps grown on wafers for direct die-to-die bonding. In an earlier work we proposed a mechanism for reconstructing wafer bump surface in 3D, which is based upon projecting a binary grating to the surface with an inclined angle. For the purpose of 3D reconstruction with high speed and accuracy, the requirements for the projection lens system are the followings: (1) having a tilted angle between the projection plane and the optical axis; (2) having high bandwidth to let high-spatial-frequency harmonics contained in the binary grating pass through the lens and be projected onto the inspected surface properly; (3) having high Modulation Transfer Function (MTF); (4) having large Field of View (FOV); and (5) having a large Depth of Field (DOF) that corresponds to the depth range or height of the inspected surface. The above requirements lead to great challenges in the design of the projection lens system. In this paper, we describe a design consisting of a grating and several pieces of spherical lens, that addresses the requirements. To reduce the lens aberrations, the grating is laid out with a tilting angle specifically to make the grating, the lens, and the image plane intersect at the same line. Such a system can project a high spatial-frequency binary grating onto the inspected surface properly. Simulation results, including performance analysis and tolerance analysis, are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the design.


This paper present algorithms for brain tumor extraction from Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) using four different methods namely Otsu, K-means, Fuzzy-c-Means and thresholding. Brain tumor is inherently serious and life-threatening disease which can threat life of a human being. A robust automated brain tumor detection system with high accuracy is always preferable over the manual detection. The main objective of this paper is to develop a fully automated brain tumor detection system that can detect and extract tumor from MR Image of brain. In this paper a sophisticated automated tumor detection system is presented having very good accuracy with low computational time. This paper also gives the comparison between the algorithms presented. Experimental results validate that all the algorithms presented in this paper have accuracy more than 87.32% of detecting the brain tumor. A dataset of 25 MR Images of brain have been used for testing the system and recording the experimental results. It has been found that algorithm developed using Fuzzy c-means algorithm gives the highest accuracy i.e. 90.57% while thresholding algorithm takes the least time to compute the results i.e. 1.11 seconds.


Polyitaconimide and copolymers of itaconimide were transformed to macromolecules having diamido pendent groups via an aminolysis reaction. The polymers obtained were cast into films, which were then graft copolymerized with acrylamide (AAM) using ceric ion as an initiator.

Radical homopolymerization and copolymerization of N-4-methylphenylitaconimide with methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate were carried out at 60°C in benzene; high molecular weight polymer and copolymers (Mn = 104–105) were obtained. The resulting polymer and copolymers were reacted with n-butylamine in order to produce polymers possessing a pendent 4-tolylcarbamoyl group (4-CH3C6H4NHCO-), which can significantly promote the acrylamide (AAM) graft copolymerization initiated with ceric ion.

Transparent films of the polymers were graft copolymerized with AAM in the presence of ceric ion at 45°C. The formation of graft polymers was verified by water absorption percentage, XPS and SEM.


These notes is aimed at comparing two difierent approaches to theory of gravity with a fermionic gauge fleld, which possesses the invariance under special transformations called supersymmetry. One of these approaches is the approach by Ferrara-Freedman-Nieuwenhuizen-Deser-Zumino (FFNDZ) of 1976; the other one is that of Volkov-Soroka (VS) of 1974. The analysis is based on the standard concept of realizing Supergravity as a gauge theory for the superPoincare group. We deliberately sacriflce the rigor of the proposed consideration in compare to the pioneering papers on D=4 N=1 Supergravity to make our presentation simple as much as possible. In efiect we emphasize the difierences between the above mentioned approaches. We keep out of making rigorous conclusions throughout the paper, and suggest the reader to get the own answer to the question posed in the title.


Intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding interaction, van der Waals interaction, and charge-transfer interaction play an important role in various chemical and biological processes. Weak intermolecular interactions in solutionespecially nonbonded ones is very useful and easy to design and or synthesis of self-assembling catenanes, rotaxanes, and other molecular machines. Moreover, the low-frequency spectra of these weak interactions have experienced increasing interest because of their importance for the flexibility and thus the function of many biomolecules. Charge-transfer complexes is one of the typical non-covalently bonded systems, and their intermolecular interactions and dynamical fluctuations as well as molecular structure have been studied for a couple of decades. Charge-transfer complexes consisting of hexamethylbenzene (HMB) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. Depending on the chosen concentration of the HMB-TCNE complex one can form both 1:1 donor-acceptor (DA) and 2:1 donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) complexes in solution. The low-frequency spectra of HMB-TCNE complexes have recently been probed by Terahertz radation. However high level computational study of the electronic structure and to predict the absorption spectra of these complexes to compare with the experimental observation is missing.


..................................................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................................iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ vii Statement of candidate contribution ..........................................................................viii Academic Contribution .......................................................................................................ix List of figures ........................................................................................................................... x List of tables .......................................................................................................................... xii Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................1 1.1 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis .............................................................................. 1 1.2 Epidemiology of PAD............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathogenesis of PAD................................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Risk factors and common etiology of PAD ...................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................7 2.1 The arterial wall ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Arterial remodelling ............................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Physiological arterial remodelling............................................................................................9 2.2.2 Pathological arterial remodelling .............................................................................................9 2.2.3 Cellular origin in arterial remodelling ....................................................................................9 2.3 Arterial inflammation...........................................................................................................11 2.3.2 Atherosclerosis .............................................................................................................................. 11 2.3.3 Causes of arterial inflammation: role of infection........................................................... 12 2.4 Arterial calcification .............................................................................................................13 2.4.1 Arterial cells and bone biology................................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER 3: AIMS AND HYPOTHESES........................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 4: GENERAL METHODS .................................................................................. 19 4.1 Materials and methods.........................................................................................................19 4.2 Arterial samples .....................................................................................................................20 CHAPTER 5: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 53 ARTERIES FROM 17 PAD CASES.............................................................................................................................. 21 5.


This paper describes a closed-loop micro-machined accelerometer implemented in a bulk-micromachining technology with integrated CMOS circuit. The operational principle of accelerometer is detailed. We establish a mathematical model of closed-loop system to compare the performance with the open accelerometer. Electrostatic force is served as a negative feedback in closed-loop operating mode to improve the bandwidth, linearity and dynamic range of micro-machined capacitive accelerometer. The noise source affected readout circuit is discussed to optimize circuit structure. The circuit is simulated using Hspice. The result of the circuit simulation shows good sensitivity and low power consumption. The sensor is designed to measure plusmn5g acceleration. Device sensitivity is larger than 15mV/g.


Japan is the world's second-largest economy, Australia's largest export market and, for many Australian businesses, a place taken for granted and overlooked in favour of emerging, high-growth markets like China and India.