Limitations of manned missions include limited amount of payload that can be transported to the target body, and human vulnerability to harsh pressures, temperatures, and space radiation. Hence, it is preferable that the potential landing location for humans has an already constructed habitat preferably made from in-situ materials. This means that the prospect of utilizing a readily available Martian material, such as regolith, in an easily programmable manufacturing method, such as 3D printing, is very lucrative. The goal of this research is to explore a mixture containing Martian regolith for the purposes of 3D-printing in unfavorable conditions. Regolith has the properties that allow it to act as geopolymer in the presence of appropriate alkaline binder, and hypothetically a very low amount of such binder is needed. For the sake of this research, a simplified binder which consists of water and Sodium Silicate is used. Martian conditions are less favorable for the curing of such mixture because of low temperature and pressure on the surface of the planet. Manufacturing through 3D-printing, as compared to molding, might also have an effect on the resulting mechanical properties. In order to evaluate mechanical properties of the mixture, molding and 3D-printing was conducted at various curing conditions and the results were compared. Due to the combination of low reaction speed at low temperature (2°C) and rapid water evaporation at low pressure (0.1 0.01 bar), curing of the specimens at Martian conditions yielded unsatisfactory results. The reaction medium in the form of water was evaporated from the specimen before the curing reaction could progress enough to form a proper geopolymer. Most of such specimens were not robust enough to withstand the beginning of three-point bending test, yet alone to be used as a construction material. The specimens cured at high temperatures (60°C) showed satisfactory results, with highest flexural load achieved up to 9 MPa when cured at 60°C temperature and 1 bar pressure. The specimens manufactured by 3D-printing showed ultimate flexural stress 20% lower than equivalent molded specimens. Overall, the proposed mixture ended up being hardly suitable for the application in very low temperature and pressure conditions, because of its high dependence on elevated temperature and pressure for curing. Exploring potential mixture modifications and performing improved tests using the basis laid in this research might lead to a potentially effective and realistic way of utilizing Martian regolith for unmanned 3D-printing purposes with minimal investment, which is one of necessary goals in making a manned Martian mission possible.


The syndrome of ascending paralysis was described by Landry 1 in 1859, and the first report of what is now termed infectious mononucleosis was made by Pfeiffer 2 in 1889. In 1916 Guillain, Barre, and Strohl 3 reported that facial diplegia and a dispro-portionate increase in the cerebrospinal fluid protein might occur in Landry's paralysis. Since 1927 when Draganesco and Claudian 4 first referred to this as the "Guillain-Barre" syndrome, this term has come into wide us-age. As Guillain himself 5 later stated that such cases could occur without the "albuminocytologic dissociation," and as it has been repeatedly reported that otherwise identical cases occur without facial diplegia, the term "Guillain-Barre" syndrome seems to have little special merit. Many other terms have been applied to the same condition, including the name "neuronitis." In 1931 Johansen 6 and also Epstein and Dameshek 7 reported that the nervous system might be involved


A model of microtensile analysis was developed aiming an implementation of the method for test specimens with small dimensions of a sample of DP600 steel. This technique permits a deeper analysis of tensile properties for materials in singular conditions. Dispositive and specimens were projected to permit the positioning of the sample on the test machine and laser interferometry was used to obtain the stressstrain curves. Compared with results of conventional tensile tests; the microtensile's results had a similar behavior but a little inferior from the conventional.


The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in leaf extracts of C4 plants has been shown to be inhibited by the C4 acids malate and aspartate. The magnitude of inhibition observed with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Digitaria sanguinalis leaves was dependent on the pH of the assay mixture and the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), Mg2+. and the C4 acid inhibitor. The percentage inhibition decreased with increasing pH up to 8.5. At rate-limiting concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate the pH optimum of the enzyme was 7.8, whereas the enzyme partially inhibited by malate or aspartate had a pH optimum of roughly 8.3. Malate and aspartate inhibited the enzyme by increasing the apparent Km for phosphoenolpyruvate without altering the maximum velocity, such that inhibition was greatest at rate-limiting concentrations of PEP but was not observed at saturating (3 mM) substrate levels. Glucose-6-P. an activator of PEP carboxylase, decreased the apparent Km for PEP and reversed the inhibition by ma...


Volume 24 • Number 2 • 2013 Neutron News 6 T International Union of Crystallography (IUCr), Commission on High Pressure 2012 meeting entitled "Advanced Crystallography at High Pressures" was held in conjunction with the International Symposium of the Quantum Beam Science Directorate (QuBS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) in Mito, Japan, on 23–27 September 2012. The Commission on High Pressure was establised in 1996 and a series of international workshops were held mostly at synchrotron radiation and neutron centers because development of powerful sources has revolutionalized high-pressure structural studies. This year, to coincide with the opening of a high-pressure beamline at the spallation neutron source in Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (J-PARC), the meeting was held in Mito, Japan with a tour to J-PARC. 95 participants from 15 countries attended the meeting. The topics of this meeting covered the whole range of activities of the Commission and ten scientifi c sessions were held: (1) crystal structures, phase transitions, and dynamic phenomena, (2) amorphous, liquid, non-crystalline and nanocrystalline phases, (3) magnetic and electronic phenomena at high pressure, (4) organic and biological systems, (5) water, ice and other molecular systems, (6) materials science, (7) chemistry, (8) geosicences and planetary sciences, (9) theory and computation, and (10) techniques for high-pressure studies. Following introductions on QuBS by K. Kakurai (JAEA, Japan) and on a high-pressure neutron project in Japan by T. Yagi (Ehime University, Japan), an overview of high-pressure activities in J-PARC was presented by H. Kagi (Tokyo University, Japan) as a keynote lecture. The scientifi c program consists of 25 invited talks, 11 contributed talks and 44 posters. Highlights of this meeting is reports on extending the pressure and temperature range in neutron experiments. S. Machida, in place of M. Guthrie (Carnegie Institution of Washington, USA), talked on the implementation of diamond-anvil-cell techniques at the Spallation Neutron Source for the study of the symmetrisation of the hydrogen bonds in ice. This new capability has permitted structural measurements of crystalline D2O up to pressures of ~60 GPa, which is about double the maximum accessible pressure (<30GPa) for the neutron powder diffraction. S. Klotz (University P&M Curie, France) presented results of quasi-elastic neutron scattering in multi-GPa range and its application to liquid water. T. Hattori (JAEA) explained specifi cation of the new beamline in J-PARC, PLANET, which was constructed primarily for high-temperature highpressure experiments for studies of the earth's interior. A tour to the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in J-PARC was organized after the scientifi c sessions showing the new beamline to the participants. The tour was followed by a banquet at a hot spring inn. We would like to take this opportunity to thank sponsors, JAEA, a project "Earth Science Based on the High Pressure and Temperature Neutron Experiments (Grant-in-Aid for Scientifi c Research on Innovative Areas from MEXT)", the Japan Society of High Pressure Science and Technology, IUCr, and ICDD, for their fi nancial support. Meetings on High Pressure in Japan


The radiative transfer equation is solved for a generalised disc model of the circumstellar envelope around ψ Persei to investigate the nature of the long wavelength turndown in the continuum spectrum of Be stars. The flux density and source dimensions at 15 GHz rule out truncation of the circumstellar envelope around ψ Persei as the cause of the turndown.


Inaugural professorial lecture delivered at Lancashire Polytechnic in May 1990. The roots of polytechnic libraries can be found both in the development of the Mechanics′ Institute movement in the 19th century and in the earlier development of university libraries. However, modern pressures, including changing learning methods and the development of the information society, lead to the changing model of the polytechnic library, centred on the user. The role of the academic library in the future will therefore be different from that in the past.


Reynolds et al. are to be congratulated on a careful and thorough prospective study of active smoking and breast cancer (1). They found higher breast cancer risks among women who smoked for 5 or more years pre-partum (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00 to 1.28) or smoked more than 30 pack-years (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.47). Current research from my group (2) suggests that combining these factors may result in higher risks. It would therefore be useful if the authors could provide breast cancer risk estimates by pack-years and years of smoking, stratified by the number of years of pre-partum smoking. It would also be helpful to present risks for women who smoked but never had a full-term pregnancy, because such women would have had the potentially critical pre-partum exposure for the entire time they smoked. The analysis of passive smoking is inadequate. Although Reynolds et al. (1) collected detailed lifetime passive smoking measures, the authors note that their published analysis does not include degree of exposure or occupational exposure, being based only on a binary evaluation of household passive smoking exposure (yes/no) and the timing of that exposure (childhood, adult, or both). They report that, in their data, spousal exposure was the primary source of all passive smoking exposures until the 1980s. They imply, because residential sources were the primary source of passive exposure, that their analysis based on nonquantitative, residential-only exposure is likely sound (1). If passive exposure to smoke were rare, affecting only a small percentage of the population, then their argument for the soundness of their analysis would be more compelling. However, with an exposure


Iron‐immobilized nanoporous carbon is a well‐known adsorbent used in treating arsenic‐contaminated waters. In this contribution, we present findings on the adsorptive interactions and dynamics of arsenate–goethite cluster ([FeO(OH)]6) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using hybridized quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QMMM) calculations. The CNTs adsorption mechanism is of interest since a better understanding of the fundamental interactions between arsenate, goethite, and carbon surfaces would translate to advances in CNT‐based adsorbent production and utilization. Novel applications of general amber force field (GAFF) and isobaric‐isothermal Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (NpT‐GEMC) methods are described. By the abovementioned methods, we postulate that the [FeO(OH)]6/CNT‐2.3 (diameter 2.3 nm ‐ mesoporous) system enhances the qualitative (i.e., improved chemisorption) rather than the quantitative adsorptive aspect (i.e., total HAsO2/4 ions adsorbed) in comparison to the [FeO(OH)]6/CNT‐1.6 (diameter 1.6 nm ‐ microporous) system.


Abstract A. D. Sands showed that there is a 1–1 correspondence between the prime ideals of an arbitraty associative ring R and the complete matrix ring Mn(R) via P→ Mn(P). A structural matrix ring M(B, R) is the ring of all n × n matrices over R with 0 in the positions where the n × n boolean matrix B, B a quasi-order, has 0. The author characterized the special ideals of M(B, R′), in case R′ has unity, for certain special lasses of rings. In this note results of sands and the author are generalized to structural matrix rings over rings without unity. I t turns out that, although the class of prime simple rings is not a special class, Nagata's M-radical has the same form in structural matrix rings as the special radicals studied by the author.


Reactive extractions of o-, m-, and p-chlorophenol (o-, m-, and p-CP) from aqueous solutions using tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) dissolved in kerosene were studied. The influences of equilibrium aqueous pH (pHeq) and initial TBP concentrations on distribution ratio (D) were discussed. Effective extractions of CP were observed only under pHeq lower than 7.0. D values increased with the increase of initial TBP concentration. TBP mainly reacted with the neutral form of CP by forming 1:1 (TBP:CP) complex through a hydrogen-bond between phosphoryl in TBP and hydroxyl in CP. The apparent reaction extraction equilibrium constant (K) for o-, m-, and p-CP was found in good linear relationship with the addition of dissociation constant (pKa) and the hydrophobic parameter (Log P) of CP, namely, log K = −0.1171 × pKa + 0.0680 × Log P + 2.5848, suggesting pKa plays a much more important role that affects K than Log P. Back-extraction experiments supported > 95 % CP could be recovered using 0.5 mol·L–1 NaOH as stripping ...


The objective of this paper is to understand the upsurge in global conflicts, especially those involving the two main world powers: China and the United States of America. Aiming this, the methodology sought to put in perspective the theories regarding power transition and the geopolitical strategy of the two main (global) powers, China and USA. The objective was that, in this way, the article could indicate which one best fits the current context. The conclusion of the study was, on the other way of what is being defended by a great part of the specialists, the geopolitics of the 21st century is not reediting the bipolar system, lived during the Cold War, but going through a transition crisis, typical of contexts in which there is the dispute between hegemonic and other ascending power, as occurred during the decades before World War I. It remains to be seen how this dynamic is going to be processed in the 21st century.


International law tends to be1 a topic of general conversation, raised and duly dismissed, before deciding how really to put the world to rights. Whilst the general profile of international law was undeniably heightened during the debate over war on Iraq, this was predominantly in the context of its institutions flapping helplessly, its rules bending to the point of irrelevance, as events overtook them. The situation is naturally troubling, and illustrates not only a credibility gap but also probably a gap in accessibility to international law. The International Court of Justice, for example, is virtually invisible outside of international law circles and is not taken seriously in many quarters. This is partly due to a lack of glamour in case subject matter. It is also perhaps an inevitable consequence of a court that is perceived to fudge the issue so spectacularly when the stakes are high.2 However, the invisibility of international courts is surely also attributable to the absence of interest amongst the general public and non-international lawyers on the back of a perceived lack of relevance to all but a highly-educated coterie of (predominantly young) international lawyers, and the absence of any efforts to rectify the situation. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia has benefited from high-profile case subject matter, without creating a large measure of excitement outwith legal circles (bar Milosevic). If awareness of international law could be raised, well-publicised failures to one side, perhaps its institutions would stand a better chance of success.


ACUTE leukemia accounts for 50% to 60% of all leukemias of the Western World. 1 Although more common in children, it affects all ages. Males are slightly more often affected than females. There are four morphological types, reflecting the predominant cell type: lymphocytic, which is the most common; myelocytic; monocytic; and stem cell. The signs and symptoms of acute leukemia are the result of a decreased number of normal leukocytes, platelets, or erythrocytes, or infiltration of leukemic cells in various organs or tissues. Metabolic alterations, such as fever and fatigue, also occur. These alterations are not clearly understood. The diagnosis of leukemia is confirmed by study of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow. The ears, nose, and throat are frequently mentioned as the site of early manifestations of acute leukemia. The disease may present as a prolonged upper respiratory infection, resistant to usual therapy. 1,2 Deafness, vertigo, or


United States v. Booker has reignited a long-smoldering debate over the crack sentencing ratio contained in the United States Sentencing Guidelines, which punishes crack offenders much more harshly than powder cocaine offenders. Courts disagree over whether Booker's standard of "reasonableness review" permits judges to categorically abandon the ratio. This article argues that it does not. In doing so, this article revises the traditional argument against the crack sentencing ratio and suggests that this revised argument can be accommodated by a new "structural" approach to post-Booker sentencing. The article elaborates this structural approach, suggests a doctrinal framework, and sketches its limits and possibilities for future crack sentencing cases. In practice, this article contends that the new approach allows a resolution of the crack issue that has so far gone unappreciated by both sides of the debate: Contrary to common assumption, sentencing judges can reduce the harm caused by the crack disparity without treading on policy choices made by Congress.


Background: The article presents the authors' vision of the strategy selection process, according to which the external and internal conditions of the region development provide opportunities for sustainable competitive advantages in the formation of an adequate territorial innovation model. Methods: A refined methodology has been developed as a synthesis of system, evolutionary and spatial-temporal approaches. System approach allows studying the organizational and institutional structure of the region, all elements of which are interlinked and complement each other. Using an evolutionary approach one can understand and appreciate the internal dynamics of the system, the relationship between the actors and the basic blocks in the conditions of evolving internal and external environment. To expand and complement the ideas the spatial-temporal approach is proposed, which involves the use of a multi-dimensional system of spatial-temporal coordinates. Findings: In accordance with the proposed approach to the analysis of the territorial context of the innovative processes development the article singles out the main types of innovation territorial models and discloses features of the formation of the appropriate critical elements and relations of the innovation infrastructure. Holistic vision of the problem of the formation of territorial innovation models is proposed, the process of the formation of center-periphery mechanisms for the innovation potential differentiation of the regions is discussed; the features of their place and role formation in the process of generating and using knowledge and technology are defined. It has been shown that the development of the innovative strategy is an effective way to develop competitive advantages of the territories and it is associated with the nonlinearity of the innovation process, with the need to accumulate and search constantly for new knowledge, as well as with the successful adaptation to the changing business environment. The article substantiates the need to develop an innovative strategy based on the individualization of territorial innovation models proceeding from the regional context. For this purpose, the analysis of secondary sources of information highlighted the main stages of the strategy creation and key success factors in the selection of innovative development strategy, which should help the region in the development of specific territorial capital, providing higher profits for certain types of investments that are best suited for this territory. Improvements: The provisions put forward in this article can be used as a theoretical model that defines the relationship between the factors and variables. On the basis of this model it is possible to develop specific hypotheses about the innovative strategy success.


Method of artillery effectiveness valuation was introduced. According to the theory of grey systems, the patterns of alternative schemes are formed with the fourteen performance indices, which reflect the artillery effectiveness best, and the standard mode of these index series is derived according to the grey target theory. The weighting of every indices was determined by Shannon information entropy, thereby the calculation formula of approaching degree was updated. The good or bad effectiveness of artillery effectiveness can be distinguished by solving the approaching degree of patterns for their standard ones and making the queue of approaching degrees in the light of their values. It is found from the evaluation of three artilleries of 122mm that the method gives the same conclusion as that from conventional method and. Therefore, the method is proved to be valid.


Based on the common Lyapunov function,a condition for the existence of non-fragile hybrid state-feedback controller is given according to a class of uncertain switched linear system.This controller can guarantee the linear closed-loop switched system stable asymptotically for all arbitrary uncertainties.The design of non-fragile controller can be converted into a feasible problem of certain LMI system with the linear matrix inequalities(LMI) approach.The solution of non-fragile controller can be efficiently obtained with the MATLAB toolbox.Finally,a simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.


Judiciary Justice and efficiency are restricted by many factors.Legislative factors like law mediating scope,ways,intensity and the establishment of rights and responsibilities determine the justice and efficiency of judiciary starting point,the status and part of the party in the process of lawsuit determine the justice and efficiency of the process of judicature and the special function and overall qualities of the judge in the judiciary activities have direct influence on the justice and efficiency of judiciary result.


A number of studies have recently shown that the hacmolymph proteins of Insects change during development. Most of the work in this field has however been done on holometabolous Insects, while only a few studies have been made on the Hemimetabola (STEINHAUER and STEPHEN, 1959 on Periplanefa ; MISSELIJN, KARCHER, DE KEYSER, and VAN SANDE, 1959 on Trialornu; DUKE, 1966 and MCCORMICK and SCOTT, 1966 on Locusta). There have been additional studies of haemolymph proteins of various imaginal hemi- and holometabolous Insects, but these are not entirely relevant here. The electropherograms prepared by the above workers represent haemolymph samples chosen usually at one unspecified time during the various instars. No investigation of the ontogenesis of haemolymph proteins has been found which follows the protein changes throughout the entire life history at regular short periods of time, e.g. at 1 day intervals. The cyclic nature of the Insect life history suggests that such a study of haemolymph protein fractions would be of considerable interest in view of our increasing knowledge of metabolic changes associated with development in the Insect. This approach has already proved useful in having shown the presence of a protein fraction whose cyclic appearance throughout the ontogeny of the locust suggests a strong association with a moulting hormone (MCCORMICK and SCOTT, 1966). The present investigation sets out to examine


This article reflects how young people re-signify their multicultural perceptions using television as a medium. This occurs from the daily life in which they are immersed and from the society and media they are part of. This is studied from two researches conducted in the Brazilian Amazon, one nationally and the other locally, more specifically in a peripheral area of the capital of Amapa, Macapa. The research in the peripheral area took place in 2014 and hints, in this article, new problematizations and analytical dimensions that converge on the imperatives of television consumption and their social, cultural, economic and technological contexts. This text is based on different theoretical frameworks, notably Martin-Barbero's, Clifford Geertz' and Stuart Hall's, which provide tools to analyse the use of media in front of the specific young audience in the Amazonian context.


Christopher Macann guides the student through the major texts of the four most prominent figures of the phenomenological tradition. Each chapter is devoted to one of these four thinkers:

 Edmund Husserl, the founder of phenomenology, whose constantly-evolving ideas are presented by reviewing the three crucial periods of his work.
 Martin Heidegger, who broke decisively and controversially with his teacher, Husserl.
 Jean-Paul Sartre, who transplanted the tradition from its origins in Germany to the streets of Paris. In Being and Nothingness, he set forth his own version of phenomenology.
 Maurice Merleau-Ponty, a contemporary of Sartre, whose career was cut short by his early death. The Phenomenology of Perception was his best and most representative work.

Four Phenomenological Philosophers, by presenting each thinker in the light of his most important texts, is the ideal introduction to this important philosophical tradition.


This study aims to determine the crossing characteristics that contribute to accidents and propose mitigating procedures. Each railway/highway grade crossing was evaluated based on their existing characteristics namely: type of crossing, type of barrier, warning device, and the volume of traffic using the highway. Using hazard indices, each characteristic was evaluated individually. Two-way crossing has higher hazard index compared to one-way crossing, half barriers also exhibited higher hazard compared to full barriers. In the case of warning device, crossings with two different sets of warning device on each direction have exhibited the highest hazard index and 30-40 thousand for the vehicle traffic volume. Using chi-squared test, two combinations of characteristics passed the test, namely: the daily traffic volume versus barrier type and alarm device type versus crossing type. An assessment of all the characteristics for specific crossings was also made to evaluate the hazard index of a specific level crossing.


Aim: Pharmacovigilance data are primarily used to identify adverse drug reactions. However, scanning for associations of drugs and adverse events that occur less frequently than expected provides hypotheses for drug repurposing, i.e. a known drug could be therapeutically beneficial for a new indication like the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: Drugs associated with viral respiratory tract infections and/or influenza were extracted from the U.S. FAERS pharmacovigilance data using OpenVigil2.1-MedDRA17, filtered for significant inverse associations (punadj<0.05), checked for plausibility, and categorised by their WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification code. Results: ATC clustering of 82 candidate drugs revealed anti-diabetics, neuropharmacologic sigma-receptor agonists, peptidase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors and anti-androgens. Chloroquine appears as a statistically significant risk factor for viral diseases supporting actual knowledge. Conclusion: OpenVigil 2 delivers new hypotheses for drug repurposing, theoretically for all indications. There is affirmative data for some of our results; the remaining proposed candidate drugs without already known antiviral mechanism of action should stimulate further exploration.


Childhood is the most crisis period in the growth and development of human life both in terms of physical and emotional. At this time the child's character begins to be formed and will continue to grow and will be attached to him to adulthood. Therefore, since the early child needs to be taught character education and life skills are right so that someday the child becomes a qualified human being independent and good moral. In early childhood learning should be packaged in the form of games according to the age of the child, early childhood is the age of play, therefore, learning situations, procurement and organizing learning means should be designed for learning activities while playing. (Life-oriented Life Skills Guidelines). The problem that we face in KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti is the lack of children's room to play and the children's play facilities are very limited / minimal, so that the motor lesson and motor lesson in children less than the maximum. This study aims to identify and describe matters related to improving the fine motor ability of children in the learning process through attached activities in KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti Ambon. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects of this study were students of KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti Ambon, amounting to 18 people. Data collection techniques are observation, interview, field note and documentation study. This classroom action research procedure is carried out in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The results showed that in the first cycle, there are still students who do not meet the criteria of the indicators conducted by the tutor, so it can be said as a weakness encountered in the implementation of the first cycle action, while in cycle II students are very active to hear the teacher explanation. Very active in question is that students can follow the teacher's explanation well so that what is assigned can be done well. Thus it can be concluded that with the sticking activity can improve the fine motor skills of early childhood in KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti Ambon.


The article is devoted to psychological and pedagogical analysis of the tasks used for the study of foreign languages on the web-site busuu.com. Psychological principles of organization of the learning process are in the basis of development of learning environment for intercultural communication.


The effect of antibiotics on the diversity and functioning of indigenous microorganisms in the environment has attracted much attention. In this study, effects of exposure to six different antibiotics on the bacterial community, metabolic functions and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in marine sediments during enrichment culturing were investigated. Classical culture-dependent method and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing method were both applied. In the culture-dependent analysis, the obtained 1549 isolates belonged to four phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria) and 155 genera. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla. The diversity and abundance of obtained bacteria after antibiotic processing exhibited different degrees of decrease. Enrichment culturing for different time could also affect the bacterial community composition. Some genera of bacteria were not isolated in the control group, but they could be isolated in the antibiotic-treated groups. In high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses, all the effective reads were clustered into 2822 OTUs at 97% similarity cutoff; they were annotated to 49 phyla, 103 class, 220 orders, 347 families, 624 genera and 1122 species. An alpha diversity analysis indicated that the community diversity and richness decreased under antibiotic exposure. The changes at the genus level were much more obvious. Only 48 genera of 129 genera were shared by all the samples. A total of 29 genera which were not detected in the initial control sample could be detected in at least one antibiotic-treated group. SIMPER analysis showed that OTU2543 and OTU1450 were the most common taxa to the dissimilarity of bacterial community between antibiotic-treated groups and the control group. OTU2034 and OUT2543 were the most contributive taxa to dissimilarity of groups incubating for different time. Metabolism was the predominant bacterial function. A total of 30 ARGs were detected in the samples. This study mainly focused on the changes of microbiota under the selective pressure of antibiotics for different time and the results demonstrated that the antibiotic could affect the bacterial diversity and richness in the marine ecosystem.


Low energy electron-beam irradiation is useful for curing intaglio printing ink on paper. The effect of the irradiation on characteristics of paper and the graft reaction of the electron-beam reactive divinyl monomer molecules to paper was studied in the previous works.In this study, another method to prevent paper strength decrease due to electron-beam irradiation was tried. At first, monomer molecules with at least two electron-beam reactive vinyl groups were impregnated into the pores of a pulp sheet. Then, the pulp sheet was irradiated with electron-beam to bring about chemical bonding between one end vinyl group of the monomer and the closely located cellulosic fiber surface. The handsheets were made using the monomer-grafted pulp obtained thus, and were irradiated with 20 kGy electron-beam necessary to cure intaglio ink. As the result the sheet strengths were increased, indicating that the monomer-grafted sheets have enough durability to such level of electron-beam irradiation. The free vinyl groups left after the first irradiation for the monomer-impregnated pulp sheet are supposed to work effectively to make further bonding at the second irradiation for curing ink.


A small winding unit for bobbing yarn is composed of machine frame, bench, winding mechanism, yarn guider, tension regulator, automatic stop and feed mechanism, and yarn length and output recorder. Its winding method includes constant-pitch winding, constant-angle winding, and constant-movement winding. Its control method is PLC and touch screen controlled frequency converter.


116 children from grades junior kindergarten through three (ages 4–9 yr.) rated the funniness of five cartoon drawings depicting each of three types of humor (aggressive, body, and incongruous) and also explained why the cartoons were supposed to be funny. Understanding of funniness was not a function of age, but appreciation (rating) was. Appreciation increased significantly with age and types of humor were differentially rated (incongruous and body humor were rated higher than aggressive humor). Several interactions of type of humor with sex of subjects and grade were also significant. Ratings of all three types of humor were weakly correlated with personality adjustments as evaluated by the subjects' teachers on a standard instrument. The independence of the two response variables (understanding, appreciation) is noted.


Background: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the prognosis and mortality of patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection between March and November 2020 were examined retrospectively. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were evaluated for their effect on prognosis. Results: Of the 1013 patients included in the study, 204 (20.1%) had a severe infection. In the multivariate analysis, it was determined that the prognosis was significantly worse in patients who were >65 years of age, had a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of >2, and had a high NLR rate. The C-reactive protein (CRP), PLR, SII values were detected as insignificant variables. Mortality was found to be statistically significant in patients with a CCI score of 2 or more and in patients with high CRP, NLR, PLR, and SII values at the time of admission (p<0.05) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: It was found that the most important factor affecting the severity of the disease was advanced age and high comorbidities, and a high NLR value. The most important prognostic factors affecting mortality were high levels of comorbidities, and high NLR, PLR, SII, and CRP values.


The present article tests one assumption of the thermogenesis hypothesis of cetacean brain evolution (Biol. Rev., Vol. 81, pp. 293–338, 2006) by analysing phylogenetically correct correlations between relative brain mass and environmental temperatures in 20 odontocetes, as well as undertaking a phylogenetic analysis of covariance of differences between the clades in brain mass. A simulation of trait evolution, under an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, yielded phylogenetically correct allometric slopes, which were used to correct the body size in correlations and ANCOVAs; the simulation also produced null distributions for these analyses. No significant correlation was found between environmental temperatures and relative brain masses, and neither was there a significant difference between clades in brain masses. These results challenge one of the central assumptions of the thermogenesis hypothesis, but other assumptions from this hypothesis are still to be explained. Alternative hypotheses are also discussed, but further studies will be necessary to judge their validity.


Abstract A linear three-dimensional diagnostic model is used to study several aspects of the mean circulation of the Labrador Sea and the adjacent shelves: volume transport, three-dimensional structure of currents, mesoscale features produced by JEBAR, winter surface current derived from ice drift data, difference between summer and winter circulation, and effects of buoyancy and local wind on the circulation. The summer circulation is forced by a sea surface elevation at the northern boundary, tuned to produce a 35 Sv (Sv≡106 m3 s−1) total southward transport (including the shelf, the Labrador Current, and the deep sea transports) across the Hamilton Bank section. A comparison of the model results with data collected over the shelves indicates that the model is able to reproduce the major features of the observations. Buoyancy effects on the circulation are found to be more important in the southern Labrador Sea than in the northern Labrador Sea. The subbasin-scale currents give rise to an alongshelf var...


In the present study, 30-day subacute toxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extract of Warionia saharae leaves were investigated. We have demonstrated the antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities by using different in vitro bioanalytical methods (DPPH, PPM and FRAP). The IC50 value of W. saharae of saponins extract was weak (IC50 = 74.14 μg/ml), since its antioxidant activity was higher than that of ethanolic extract (IC50 = 182 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate extract (IC50 = 197.4 μg/ml). Histopathological examination and biochemical analysis of renal and liver functions, demonstrated that ethanolic extract at oral dose of 5 g/kg BW inducted nephrotoxicity and caused the damaged structural integrity of the liver. The ethanolic extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg BW decreased the inflammation (56.42% and 61.45% inhibition, respectively) form the 2th h after carrageenan administration. Ethanolic extract has shown significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of paw edema when compared with control rats (NaCl 0.9%) and were higher to that of diclofenac (reference drug). The present study supported the utilization of W. Saharae in traditional Moroccan medicine and suggests that this plant present interesting potential source of natural antioxidants that could be used to treat inflammatory diseases.


The spin-charge-family theory, which is a kind of the Kaluza-Klein theories in $d=(13+1)$ --- but with the two kinds of the spin connection fields, the gauge fields of the two Clifford algebra objects, $S^{ab}$ and $\tilde{S}^{ab}$ --- explains all the assumptions of the standard model: The origin of the charges of fermions appearing in one family, the origin and properties of the vector gauge fields of these charges, the origin and properties of the families of fermions, the origin of the scalar fields observed as the Higgs's scalar and the Yukawa couplings. The theory explains several other phenomena like: The origin of the dark matter, of the matter-antimatter asymmetry, the "miraculous" triangle anomaly cancellation in the standard model and others. Since the theory starts at $d=(13+1)$ the question arises how and at which $d$ had our universe started and how it came down to $d=(13+1)$ and further to $d=(3+1)$. In this short contribution some answers to these questions are presented.


Nowadays, it has created a very crowed spectrum with most frequency bands already assigned to different licensees. The basic prohibiting factor in radio spectrum reuse is interference caused by the environment or other mobile. Deploying efficient channel assignment techniques can reduce interference and increase the overall system capacity. Actual measurements illustrate, however, that the scarcity is not a result of heavy usage of the spectrum; in contrast, it is due to the inefficiency of the static frequency allocation pursued by regulators. In this paper, we present work in progress about an interference-aware dynamic channel allocation algorithm, which attempts to allocate channels to users in such a way so that the average blocking probability and forced termination in the entire system is minimized. In contrast to traditional call-by-call DCA schemes, here, we considered that the channel assignment is adaptively carried out using context information on the previous as well as the present channel.


Objective: Esophageal varices (EV) and gastric varices (GV) rupture hemorrhage in advanced cirrhotic patients is a serious medical condition and requires immediate treatment. This clinical study aims to find out a more efficient way of using endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in treating variceal bleeding and hypotension caused by upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and to compare the long-term therapeutic effect of single-band and multiband ligation techniques. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with clinical diagnosed cirrhosis and massive hematemesis were admitted to hospital through emergency room visits. The blood pressure (Bp) of these patients was between 60-82/30-55 mmHg, and their hemoglobin (Hb) levels were in the range of 50-87 g/L. All patients were given fluid resuscitation and somatostatin or terlipressin to reduce portal vein pressure. Patients with Hb level lower than 60 g/L were also given blood transfusion. When patients' Bp stabilized at 78-86/50-55 mmHg and Hb reached 55-60 g/L, endoscopic variceal ligation techniques were immediately applied to stop bleeding. Patients were randomly divided into single-band and multi-band ring ligation groups, while some patients accompanying with GV was treated by injecting in the bleeding gastric varices with sequential sclerosing agent, tissue adhesive and sclerosing agent (named as "sandwich" injection therapy). In the multi-bands treatment group, two to four bands were applied on the varices. The number of bands used for varices were dependent on the severity of EV. In another group of patients (single-band group), only one band was used on varices. Results: All sixty-seven patients were found to have EV by gastroscopic examination, and fifty-three of them had accompanying GV. Sixty-six of these sixty-seven cases were rescued successfully by using immediate endoscopic variceal ligation treatment within 24 hours after bleeding. One exception is a patient who still had bleeding even after EVL and sclerotherapy because he had been treated with Sengtaken-Blakemore tube for three days and that might cause erosion and ulcers in his esophagus. Among the thirty-five multi-band ligation treated patients, eight patients' EV were completely eradicated, and twenty-one patients' EV were mostly eradicated. Varicose veins disappeared in 82.8% of the multi-band treated patients. In singleband ligation treated group which comprises of thirty two patients, EV were completely eradicated in five patients and EV were mostly eradicated in fourteen patients. Varicose veins disappeared in 59.4% of these single-band treated patients. One-year follow-up results showed that the EV recurrence rate in the multi-bands ligation group was 5.7%, which was significantly lower than the rate of 18.7% in the single-band ligation group. No esophageal stenosis was observed in either groups. Conclusion: Patients with EV and/or GV rupture hemorrhage can be rescued successfully by endoscopic variceal ligation therapy. The long-term efficacy of the multi-band ligation technique is superior to single-band ligation. keywords: Endoscopic variceal ligation, multi-band technique, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage


The demand response is an effective way to relieve peak load, delay upgrading of power grid and improve the stability and reliability of power grid at the same time. In order to establish proper demand response evaluation method and incentive mechanism, an optimization model of subscribed load reduction was proposed with a target function of minimum incentive funds of a demand response program. The maximum, minimum interruptible load and unit compensation price was considered in the model. Based on the optimization model, a comprehensive evaluation method for demand response was proposed considering the impact of performance indicators A bonus-penalty mechanism was designed according to the actual load reduction of the contract customers to optimize the allocation of incentive funds. The calculation example indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed optimization and evaluation method and bonus-penalty mechanism. The conclusions can be used as a reference for promoting the response of electric power demand based on incentive.


Recent experiments at the National Ignition Facility have demonstrated for the first time measurements of the time evolution of areal-density (ρR) in implosions using the subscale near-vacuum hohlraum platform. In particular, the evolution of ρR from the time of peak implosion velocity to peak compression has been probed using this platform, which provides new constraints on the modeling of implosion dynamics from peak velocity through peak compression. Protons are produced by D-He fusion reactions when the initial shock rebounds from the center of the implosion ('shock-bang time'), which occurs near the time of peak shell velocity, and when the implosion reaches peak compression ('compression-bang time') approximately 600 ps later. The energy downshift of the emitted protons from their birth energy of 14.7 MeV depends on ρR of the implosion. The spectrum of these emitted protons is measured using the Wedge Range Filter (WRF) spectrometers [1,2], from which the ρR at shockand compression-bang time are inferred [3]. The shockand compression-bang time are measured with the Particle Time of Flight diagnostic [4]. Using these data, the time evolution of ρR asymmetries from peak velocity to peak compression, and time difference between shockand compression-bang time (ΔBT) in a single implosion are determined. On several experiments in 2014 and 2015, the evolution of ρR and the ΔBT were measured to be consistent with simulations: ρR increased from ~75 mg/cm at shock-bang to ~250 mg/cm at peak compression, while ΔBT was approximately 0.6 ns. However, the ρR at shock-bang was more symmetric than predicted by nominal radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. The consistency of ΔBT with simulations contrasts with the results from fullscale surrogate implosions [3], in which an experimentally inferred ΔBT differed from simulations by up to a factor of 2. Detailed comparison between experimental and simulated data will be presented. Future applications will be discussed, including upcoming direct measurements of the time difference between shockand compression-bang time in full-scale experiments using the upgraded MagPTOF diagnostic [5].


SNS websites,originating from the U.S,aim to establish social network and maintain personal relationship for the users.Their instant copies in China are influential but not very productive,since it is always hard for foreign websites to get acclimatized when they come to China.The fundamental reason lies in cross-cultural differences.This paper tries to discuss the value and significance of localization of SNS websites from the perspectives of local culture,local discourse and local audience.


This paper presents a new five-input one-output voltage-mode universal filter using simple operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The circuit uses six OTAs and two grounded capacitors. The circuit can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters into one topology. The natural frequency and the quality factor of filters can be electronically controlled by adjusting the bias currents. Also, the circuit possesses high input impedance for all filtering functions. The simulation results have been verified by PSPICE simulations using 0.18 µm CMOS process from TSMC.


Objective:To determine whether Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)  improve ovarian response and pregnancy potential in women  whose age is ≥ 40 years, and whether such potential is age dependent. Methods: Between January 2013 and October 2013, 39 infertile women ≥ 40 years were prospectively evaluated for ovarian response and pregnancy chances without and with DHEA treatment (A= 22 normal ovarian reserve & B= 17 poor ovarian reserve). Results:  Group B women have  a significant lower baseline Anti Mullerian Hormone and Estradiol indicating a poor ovarian reserve. There were insignificant difference between the two  groups in term of follicle numbers after controlled ovarian stimulation, and the pregnancy rate is significantly better in group A. Conclusion: our study failed to demonstrate any beneficial effect of DHEA to improve OR in women above or = 40 with baseline poor OR in term of  follicular recruitment and pregnancy rate after controlled ovarian stimulation. Efficacy of androgen supplementation with DHEA seems to vary depending on female age and baseline OR.


Along with the increase of income recently in Taiwan,people in Taiwan develop urgent demands for education,which contributes to the open of university.However,the increase of enrollment opportunity also induces the pressure in recruiting and operation to the universities.Vocational school are faced with severe challenges in recruiting and operation,due to,on the one hand,the entry of WTO and reducing birth rate in the island,and on the other hand, excess vocational colleges and schools.There are 159 vocational schools,and among them there are 97 secondary vocational schools.However,recently,the vacancy from insufficient enrollment which has increased by degrees couple with the inadequate registration rate of the fresher make the situation worse.Vocational schools,without funds support,have to run upon the tuition income and equity fund,but the prerequisite of doing this is that they can recruit enough students.As a result,vocational schools have to adapt proper strategies in recruitment and operation to form distinguishing training features.They should also try to train talents needed by enterprises and to attract more students so that they would not be washed out.The paper,first of all,introduces the motivation,purpose and approaches of the research, then the history of the development of vocational schools;it discusses on the basis of literature the educational and economic development of vocational schools,at last,it proposes strategies in recruitment and operation,and puts forward relevant suggestions and draws conclusion.


Oedogonium sp. is important, not only from an academic standpoint but also has great ecological significance, especially in limnology. This study examines the growth and productivity of Oedogonium sp. under different light intensity in laboratory scale. The main research includes Oedogonium sp. culture, measurement of growth (doubling time (DT) and relative growth rate (RGR)), measurement of primary productivity, and the effect of light measurement on cells through observation of histological preparations. The results showed that Oedogonium sp. on indoor culture showed negative growth (RGR of -0.054), whereas in semi-outdoor culture showed positive growth (RGR 0.046 - 0.47 g / day and DT for 14.72 - 15.09 days. Primary productivity and respiration in 1000 lux lighting cultures showed greater value than cultures in 650 lux lighting. The length of Oedogonium sp. ranged from 18.68 - 34.47 µm in dark light, 51.33 - 95.00 µm in moderate light, and 48.83 - 70.75 µm in bright light. This study showed that in indoor culture, the availability of light, temperature, pH and DO significantly affect the growth of Oedogonium sp., whereas in semi-outdoor culture, temperature, pH and DO factors was not limiting factors. The difference of light intensity influenced the growth and productivity of Oedogonium sp.


The ability to ameliorate sulfur mustard (HD)‐induced oedema by treatment with anti‐inflammatory drugs was reported previously after screening four steroids and four non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using the mouse ear vesicant model. Following the screening study, one steroid and one NSAID (Adexone and Voltaren) were selected as the most effective, and a mixture of the two was chosen for the present more extensive research. The effect of the combined treatment on clinical, biochemical and histopathological parameters following HD insult was studied. Mice ears were exposed to 0.2 µl of HD for 10 min to produce a moderate skin injury. Oedema development peaked ca. 48 h following exposure, as determined by weighing ear biopsies. Histological observations at that time exhibited damage to the epidermis and dermis. An increase in prostaglandin E (PGE) was measured in skin homogenates, starting 8 h following exposure and lasting at least up to 48 h post‐exposure.


ABSTRACT Present investigation is focused on the effect of thermal barrier coated piston on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using diesel as a fuel. The piston crown top surface were fully coated with three different combinations of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) materials like 7% YSZ, 2% Gd2O3 + YSZ, 5% Gd2O3 + YSZ with thickness of 0.25 mm and in all combinations the bond coat NiCrAlY were used with a thickness of 0.05 mm which is deposited on the target surface using plasma spray technique. Experimental analysis is carried out under different loading conditions in a four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine with diesel as a fuel. Results of this study reveal that the brake thermal efficiency of the coated engine is increased by 12.1% with reduction of brake specific fuel consumption by up to 16.2% compared to baseline engine. Experimental results also revealed that in coated engine Hydro carbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced by 17.8% and 18.4% respectively and also a significant increment of Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission by 14.87% compare to baseline engine.


It has been shown by a large number of studies that Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) deposits contribute directly to the disease's progressive neurodegeneration. Aggregation cascade ...


It is rarely the case that an analyst is presented with a sample in a suitable form for injection into an LC/MS system. Often the sample must be manipulated to concentrate the compound of interest, remove interferences, enzymatically digest the sample to generate surrogate peptides with better mass spectrometric properties, and modify the sample matrix or buffering system to achieve compatibility with LC separation and mass spectrometric detection systems.


In this paper,we investigated the relationship between the network embeddedness and dynamic capabilities according to the Transaction Cost Theory with the small and medium-sized sample enterprises from Hubei Province. Besides,the moderating effects of the environmental dynamism and the environmental inclusiveness were discussed as well. And the results indicate that the enterprise network embeddedness positively related to dynamic capabilities in structural dimension and relational dimension. Environmental dynamism and environmental inclusiveness negativly moderate the relationship between network embeddedness and dynamic capabilities.


In Concrete, cracking is a common phenomenon developed due to relatively low tensile strength. High tensile stresses may be developed in concrete due to external loads, imposed deformations, plastic shrinkage, plastic settlement and expansive reactions. Proper and immediate treatment should be done in order to prevent expansion of cracks which may eventually be of higher cost. For crack repair, a variety of traditional repair systems are available which possess a number of disadvantageous aspects such as different thermal expansion coefficients, environmental and  hazards of health. Bacterially induced calcium carbonate precipitation has been proposed as an alternative and environmental friendly crack repair technique. It is found that microbial mineral precipitation as a result from metabolic activities of favorable bacteria in concrete improved the overall behavior of concrete. It is expected that further development of this techniques will result in a more durable, sustainable and crack free concrete that can be used effectively for constructions in wet atmospheres where corrosion of reinforcement affects the durability, permeability and strength of concrete. Thus this paper is an attempt to define bacterial concrete, its classification and types, mechanism adopted, advantages, disadvantages and its application in the field of construction by literature view are discussed.


To improve the performance of speaker recognition system,a new method of feature extraction was proposed based on Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient(MFCC) and Inverted MFCC(IMFCC).This method constructed a mixed feature by combining MFCC with IMFCC using Fisher criterion.The experimental results show that the mixed feature proposed in this paper has better recognition performance compared with MFCC not only in the pure voice database but also in the noisy environments.


The effective segmentation algorithm of image lesion areas in Department of Internal Medicine is an important problem in the field of medical imaging. The current segmentation techniques of image lesion areas in Department of Internal Medicine are using the difference characters of edge pixels, due to visceral adhesions, the segmentation threshold is difficult to be accurately defined, and the precision is low. Therefore, this paper proposed a segmentation method of image lesion areas in Department of Internal Medicine based on improved cuckoo search algorithm to optimize maximum entropy. Firstly, by the maximum entropy method to find segmentation objective function of image lesion areas in Department of internal medicine, then the improved cuckoo search algorithm is adopted to optimize the objective function, find the best segmentation position of image lesion area in Department of internal medicine, so as to achieve image lesion area segmentation, finally multiple images of internal medicine are utilized to conduct simulation experiment, in order to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that, this method not only solves the defects existing in the traditional segmentation algorithm, while improving the precision of image lesion area of internal medicine, has better robustness, and better practical value.


onic Wars. The three middle chapters contain much valuable information and argument and add considerably to knowledge of the army in Scotland during the first half of the eighteenth century, but unfortunately the book suffers from a number of shortcomings. There are serious problems with design, presentation, and the arrangement of material. Henshaw states that the book has been "transformed" out of a Birmingham University PhD thesis, but the extent is open to question. The "literature review," regrettably now a standard component of doctoral dissertations, remains, and each chapter contains both an introduction and a substantial conclusion, an imbalance compounded by a summarizing chapter entirely devoted to repeating all of this earlier material. Much repetition is also to be found within the main chapter texts with the same points offered over and over again constituting considerable duplication within 299 pages, of which more than 100 are dedicated to scholarly apparatus. The bibliography is a strangemixture.There are a numberofproducts ofOspreyPublishingbut nomentionof the recentMilitaryHistory of Scotland (Edinburgh, 2012), editedbyEdward Spiers, JeremyCrang, andMatthewStrickland.Other standardworks are passedoveror rejectedon thegrounds that they pay insufficient attention to Scotland although the explanation for this is to be found in her own work. Within an already short book, the core content is rather thin. The opening chapter, "Scotland's Professional Soldiers," includes little original material and is principally a digest of existing literaturewhile the fifth, "Scotland'sMilitary Installations," draws heavily fromBritish Barracks by JamesDouet, renderedas"Donet" throughout footnotes andbibliography, andTheMilitaryRoads in Scotland by William Taylor. Thus the original research is mostly confined to the central three chapters, decidedly short measure for either a PhD thesis or resultant monograph. The title is problematical. Nothing of military significance happened in either 1700 or 1750: the period actually under consideration runs from about 1688, or even 1660, to the Seven Years' War. The subtitle, "Defending the Union," creates another difficulty because there is no systematic discussion of the Union as an event in military history except in relation to the militia. Henshaw tries to fill this lacuna by arguing, as have others, that the Union did not have a profound effect on the northern regiments because the English, Irish, and Scottish standing armies had effectively formed a single entity since 1689 and the purges following the Glorious Revolution had created a thoroughly Whiggish and pro-Union officer corps. Indeed, but the Union was partly a martial event. The threat of civil disorder, especially fromDumfries, Galloway, Ayrshire, and Lanarkshire, involved sizeable troop deployments and security measures in England, Ulster, and Scotland. An entire establishment was dissolved and incorporated into the Westminster War Office with concomitant impacts upon administration, funding, careers, clientage, and units. Given that the Union informs the book's central arguments, its processes, achievements, and aftermath cannot be so lightly brushed aside. To employ a contemporary phrase, there is an "elephant in the room." These flaws might have been avoided had the book been arranged around a chronological spine and a longer time span, say 1688–1763: the Union could not then have been so easily circumvented. A thematic approach can so easily miss the fundamentals of history: events and the study of change through time.


The speed of technology and its evolution with the help of human efforts and his thinking is growing like wildfire. Also the man machine relation has further taken forward big technical leaps in the world of Antenna and Microwave Technology. In near future we will see clothing and textile material to be lined up for antenna technology and together will be known as "Smart Clothes". In this paper, circular microstrip for wearable application is been designed. This wearable is used to meet Bluetooth specifications and has been developed by using copper conducting parts and electrotextile (smart clothes). In this case jeans or cotton materials are used.


The empirical information that links quality of care elements with clients knowledge satisfaction contraceptive use fertility and health--though limited--strongly suggests that improvements in the quality of services will result in a larger more committed clientele of satisfied contraceptive users. Over the long term this expanded base of well-served individuals will translate into higher contraceptive prevalence and ultimately reduction in fertility. Within private and commercial programs where clients provide all or partial cost recovery the laws of the marketplace suggest that better services at the right price will attract more patrons. Within publicly supported programs both clinic and community-based it is likely that improvements in the quality of services will result in greater initial acceptance and more sustained use. The proposition that providing a choice of methods increases the effectiveness of family planning programs is based on the following 3 ideas: 1) that individuals and couples pass through different stages in their reproductive life and therefore over time their needs and values will change; 2) that multiple methods provide for switching for individuals who find their initial choice unacceptable or unhealthful; and 3) that the availability of a variety of methods makes it more likely that--given erratic contraceptive supplies--at least services for some method will be available. (authors modified)


A semiautomated method for reconstructing objects from serial thin sections has been developed in the Biocomputation Center. The method is being used to completely, for the first time, type II hair cells and their innervations. The purposes are to learn more about the fundamental circuitry of the macula on Earth and to determine whether changes in connectivities occur under space flight conditions. Data captured directly from a transmission electron microscope via a video camera are sent to a graphics workstation. There, the digitized micrographs are mosaicked into sections and contours are traced, registered and displayed by semiautomated methods. Current reconstructions are of type II cells from the medial part of rat maculas collected in-flight on the Space Life Sciences-2 mission, 4.5 hrs post-flight, and from a ground control. Results show that typical type II cells receive processes from tip to six nearby calyces or afferents. Nearly all processes are elongated and have bouton-like enlargements; some have numerous vesicles. Multiple (2 to 4) processes from a single calyx to a type II cell are common, and approximately 1/3 of the processes innervale 2 or 3 type II cells or a neighboring cluster. From 2% to 6% of the cells resemble type I cells morphologically but have demi-calyces. Thus far, increments in synaptic number in type II cells of flight rats are prominent along processes that supply two hair cells. It is clear that reconstruction methods provide insights into details of macular circuitry not obtainable by other techniques. The results demonstrate a morphological basis for interactions between adjacent receptive fields through feed back-feed forward connections, and for dynamic alterations in receptive field range and activity during preprocessing of linear acceleratory information by the maculas. The reconstruction method we have developed will find further applications in the study of the details of neuronal architecture of more complex systems, to seek out shared organizational properties or neuronal networks and to understand better localization of synaptic changes in altered environments.


In this paper a set of controllability and observability conditions are proposed for vibration control systems with viscoelastic damping. Both conditions are stated in terms of the eigenstructures (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) of the control systems under consideration. They are similar to the well known eigenvector tests, except that to determine controllability, the knowledge of the stress-strain relations of the viscoelastic damping material is needed in addition to the modal information.


This article focuses on presenting a solution to a Koppers Co. plant's necessity to deliver a continuous stream of phthalic anahydride from a multiple condensor system. A synthetic, liquid-phase heat transfer fluid serves a product collection system downstream of a fluid bed reactor producing crude phthalic anhydride. Using four condensers in the collecion system allows the product to be delivered for further processing in a more continuous stream, which can be processed more efficiently than was previously possible. Computer timed cycling of the four condensers assures steady flow. The synthetic, liquid-phase heat transfer fluid used in the collection system gives non-pressurized, indirect thermal transfer. Sensible heat, and not latent heat, is exchanged to and from the fluid. As a result, the fluid remains in the liquid phase at every point, so the fluid components of the system con be of a low pressure design. Fabrication costs were accordingly lower. A computer based control system with interface provides more efficient operation than was possible with the old system using manually operated valves. Koppers operating management is instituting new timing sequences now which will save energy by letting each condenser stay on the collect cycle longer. Heating and cooling each condenser less more » frequently means less heat will be lost when a condenser is cooled down to collection cycle temperature by the cold loop heat transfer fluid. « less


SINCE the basic work of MEESSEN and OLSZEWSKI (1949) and BRODAL (1958) the existence of nuclei in the reticular formation of the brain stem, and the probability that these nuclei act as small functional units, seem to be commonly accepted by neuroanatomists. The purpose of this study was first to determine the acetylcholinesterase activity of single nerve cells of some reticular nuclei, and, secondly, to determine what effect lysergic acid diethylamide .(LSD)* has on the acetylcholinesterase activity of single nerve cells in a region in which the cortico-reticular fibres are believed to terminate. This region was chosen since the possibility exists that disturbances in the relation between the reticular formation and the cerebral cortex on the one hand, and sensory fibres on the other, might be responsible for the disturbances in sensory perception resulting from administration of LSD.


In this exploratory study we describe the impact of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Information was gathered from the parents of 43 children (ages 7 to 16 years) referred for psychological management of chronic pain in a tertiary care setting. Parents completed a questionnaire about their child's experience of pain over the past year, its impact on child and family day-to-day activities, and treatments sought. Their responses depict clinically significant levels of pain and associated disability, requiring multiple contacts with health care providers. Although these data are preliminary, they suggest that complex pain problems in children and adolescents can be associated with both personal costs to families and economic costs to the health care system. There is a compelling need for effective treatments for children and adolescents with chronic pain that specifically target prevention or reduction of disability.


Grammar and Chrestomathy of Erman, Dr. Giinther. Roeder, of Breslau, has just produced an excellent little volume in Strack's new series of Oriental Grammars, known as Clavis linguarum semiticarum, of which it forms the Sixth Part. The volume represents the very latest state of knowledge in Egyptian science, and is admirably adapted for the purpose which the author has in view. The presentation of the grammar is surprisingly condensed, containing all the elements of the language in 54 pages. The list of the signs comprising the system of writing occupies 10 pages, and to this a little dictionary of 17 pages is added. A selection of well-chosen texts, suited for reading by a beginner, occupies 56 pages at the end of the volume, with a few pages of grammatical and explanatory notes. While congratulating the German traveler on the Nile upon the possession of a textbook so convenient and reasonably priced, and which will introduce him quickly and intelligently to the mysteries of Egyptian speech and writing, we cannot but express regret that no such volume exists in English.1


The Alaska Marine Highway System (AMHS) service has grown and evolved since its inception. Today 11 vessels serve 32 ports transporting more than 300,000 passengers, 100,000 cars and 3,400 freight vehicles annually. Routes stretch over 3,700 miles serving Southeast Alaska, Prince William Sound, Kodiak Island and the Aleutian Islands. AMHS plays an important role in the economies of these regions and in Alaska's transportation system. The Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOTP a comprehensive, life cycle costing of six service options and associated socio-economic analysis; and a public involvement program. This document includes: Phase 1: Establishment of System Baseline; Phase 2: Alternatives Analysis; and Phase 3: Public Involvement and Analysis.


This guide deals with the complex subject of online image copyright and provides useful information and tips about how to use online images.


This study was designed to evaluate the effect of YongdamSaganTang on Herpes Zoster. Three pastients were taken YongdamSaganTang with acupunture, and cupping theraphy. After the treatment the grade of VAS was decressed and clinical symptoms were gradually disappeared. Those results suggest that Yong...


In this research, the volumetric properties of lubricants are predicted using two statistical mechanical equations of state called IhmSongMason and Tao-Mason equations of state at a broad range of temperatures (278.15-398.51 K) and pressures (0.91-600 bar). The equations of state have been examined using corresponding state correlation based on just one input parameter (density at room temperature) as a scaling constant. In addition, the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) based on back propagation training with 7 neurons in a hidden layer for forecasting the lubricant performance was investigated. The average absolute deviations from literature for 1269 data points of pure lubricants using the improved Ihm-Song-Mason equation of state, Tao-Mason equation of state and ANN at different conditions are calculated to be 0.75%, 0.25% and 0.17%, respectively.


A drain (20) for a multiwell device or laboratory having a plurality of wells, comprising: a plurality of ducts (24) whose number corresponds to the plurality of the wells above; a plurality of protective members (25), each of which surrounds a conduit of said plurality of conduits (24); a plurality of reinforcing members (28) and a plurality of recesses (32) separating the reinforcing members (28), holes (32) defining paths for the passage of gas, bracing members (28) and holes (32) are associated with a corresponding passage of said conduit (24), reinforcing members (28) and holes (32) are located radially outwardly of a respective protecting member (25) relative to a duct (24) corresponding, and at least one projection member (16) associated with each duct (24) located radially outwardly of the corresponding reinforcing member (28).


In semiconductor/FPD (flat panel display) manufacturing environments, APC (advanced process control) is a vital task for enhancing yield. The APC technology improves the productivity of equipments based on two main control mechanisms: fault management and R2R (run-to-run) recipe correction. This paper focuses on FDC (fault detection and classification) for the fault management, and proposes a run-by-run process fault detection method. The method consists of a process event detection algorithm to segment process data, and a pattern matching technique to classify the segmented data as normal or abnormal state. Experiments using the data collected from a RIE (reactive ion etching) process show that the proposed method is able to recognize normal/abnormal states with high accuracy.


The Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) industry has gained much attractivity among investors in the last decade but remains still a shady market with some technicities. This research article aims to address the origin of this concept and its recent tendencies by describing the main features and theoretical framework that surround it. To address the main research question, we will establish a comparative study between Smart ßeta ETF with actively managed ETF instruments and passive ETF instruments to capture an outperformance made by the Smart beta strategies. The primary approach for this research is to compute the overall daily returns over a five-year timeframe. Several ETF instruments will complete our study group with eight different ETF funds from each investment style compared to a common benchmark. The overall risk-adjusted returns are computed according to the three main ratios: Sharp, Sortino, and Jensen ratio. We came to a twofold conclusion: US large-capitalization equity Smart Beta funds do not offer a risk-adjusted performance superior to active nor passive strategies. Nonetheless, disagreeing with the academic literature, emerging markets equity smart-beta funds managed to deliver excess returns higher than the other type of investment funds and by a wide margin.


On January 11, 2016, Savannah River Remediation (SRR) provided the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) with a Sludge Batch 9 (SB9) reprojection that was developed from the analyzed composition of a Tank 51 sample. This sample was collected after field washing had been completed in Tank 51 to support the alternate reductant task. Based on this reprojection, Frit 803 is still a viable option for the processing of SB9 under sludge-only operations and coupled (Actinide Removal Process (ARP) product with and without monosodium titanate (MST)) operations. The maximum projected volumes of ARP product that can be transferred from the Precipitate Reactor Feed Tank (PRFT) per Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) batch and the resulting Na2O concentrations in the SRAT for coupled operations were determined. The Na2O concentrations in the SRAT resulting from the maximum projected ARP product transfer volumes are consistent with those from the previous assessments that were based on the August 2015 projections. Regardless of the presence or absence of MST in the ARP product, the contribution of Na2O to the resulting glass will be similar at the same waste loading (WL). These projected volumes of ARP product are not anticipated to be an issue for SB9.more » The actual transfer volumes from the PRFT to the SRAT are determined based upon the analyzed Na2O concentrations in the PRFT samples, which has resulted in larger transfer volumes than those allowed by the projections for Sludge Batch 8 (SB8). An operating window of 32-40% WL around the nominal WL of 36% is achievable for both sludge-only and coupled operations; however, each of the glass systems studied does become limited by waste form affecting constraints (durability) at higher volumes of ARP product and WLs of 41-42%.« less


INTRODUCTION The repair of middle cranial fossa tegmen defects, encephalocele, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks frequently involve the use of nonvascularized free tissue grafts such as fascial, cartilage, and bone grafts. A number of processes can lead to the development of tegmen and dural defects, including but not limited to cholesteatoma disease, surgical and nonsurgical trauma, and spontaneous CSF otorrhea with or without encephalocele. Success with nonvascularized free tissue graft techniques in achieving primary tegmen repair and control of CSF leak is variable, with failure rates ranging from 2.3% to 28.6%. Cases requiring revision repair or with extensive dural defects should especially consider alternative reconstructive options. In addition, nonvascularized free tissue grafts may have poor viability in an infected field, which can be encountered in cholesteatoma disease. Vascularized tissue grafts offer a robust option in the closure of a variety of skull base defects with control of CSF leak. Patel et al. described their use of the temporoparietal fascial flap in reducing CSF leak after lateral skull base tumor resections. We report our use of the temporoparietal fascial (TPF) flap in a case of middle fossa CSF otorrhea failing multiple previous repairs, and in the case of a large tegmen defect with CSF leak and temporal lobe abscess stemming from middle ear cholesteatoma disease.


• To promote the widespread use of sound science driven, applied statistical methods in European business and industry. • To emphasize multidisciplinary problem solving involving statistics. • To facilitate the rapid transfer of statistical methods and related technologies to and from business and industry. • To link academic teaching and research in statistics with industrial and business practice. • To facilitate and sponsor continuing professional development. • To keep its membership up to date in the field of statistics and related technologies.


Introduction * Using Procedures * Values and Type * Writing Procedures * Variables and Changing Values * Using Modules * Expressions and Function Procedures * The For Statement * The If Statement * Other Looping Statements * The Case Statement * Working with Types * Array Types * Record Types * Extending Record Types * Pointer Types * Uses of Pointers * Sets. Objects * Type-bound Procedures * Additional topics.


More than one third of the Israeli voters changed their vote from the 2009 elections to the 2013 elections, yet most stayed within 'their' camp (either the right-religious or the centre-left). But it was the few who changed their vote that made the difference. Likud kept its control of the pivotal position and leads the new government, but an unprecedented alliance between the centrist-secular Yesh Atid and the right-religious Jewish Home—based on socio-economic issues, not the predominant security factor in Israeli politics, and personal relations between the party leaders—forced Likud to establish a coalition that excluded the ultra-religious parties it had sat in government with since the 2009 elections.


Objects of arbitrary shapes have to be carried as slung loads under aircraft, particularly rotorcraft. The flight speed is limited by the possibility of slung loads going into divergent oscillations. In 2014 we presented a testing-based approach to predict the safe flight speed, applicable to bluff bodies of arbitrary shape. Since then, an extensive variety of bluff-body shapes has been tested, and we venture further towards generalized airload prediction, required for generalized divergence speed prediction. Extending recent work, the Continuous Rotation method is applied to obtain aerodynamic loads on generic shapes: a circular cylinder and a rectangular prism, both with aspect ratio varied systematically. The genesis of the side force on the yawed cylinder, and the differences between rough and smooth cylinders, have been derived from comparisons between experiments and diagnostic computations with an unsteady Navier-Stokes solver. Interpolating Fourier coefficients of the azimuthal load variation appears to be viable to generalize loads on cylinders of varying aspect ratio for both the generic shapes.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


A study used qualitative meta-analysis to examine a set of empirical studies concerned with listening instruction. Twenty-four studies (subjects were all ages) published ir communication-related journals between 1950 and 1989 were analyzed. Analysis of the papers showed conflicting results, producing no clear findings as to whether listening can or cannot be taught. Results showed that the numerous techniques for teaching listening analyzed in the studies could be placed in three categories: indirect approach, direct/traditional approach, and direct/programmed approach. Conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of each may indicate that the method of instruction alone is not the determining factor when listening instruction is successful. The incentive to internalize instruction and increase listening ability may be an important additional factor. Results also showed no clear pattern regarding length of listening instruction, though more positive results were found for studies with longer periods of instruction than for shorter ones. Method of testing may have contributed to the contradictory results of the studies. Age level appeared to have no impact on the effectiveness of listening instruction. Findings suggest that one explanation which may account for the conflicting results found in the study is that listening is a multidimensional phenomena. Each of the studies may have been teaching and testir.4 a different subskill of listening. (Two tables of data are incluead and 48 references are attached.) (SR) *************************************2-********************************* he2.coductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


Based on Tsai Ming-liang's cinematic portrayals of cities, I argue for consideration and appreciation of artistic devices in our thinking and writing on cities. Specifically, I look into four types of absence the Taiwanese director engages with: absence of movement, absence of speech, absence of home and absence of infrastructure. Tsai depicts absence by extrapolating what seem to be inherent elements of an urban situation or an urban setting thus disrupting their taken-for-grantedness. Tsai's multi-layered preoccupation with the notion of absence and the visual language he develops to talk about it may be inspiring for urban researchers, especially those among us working with visual methods. After introducing his work and elaborating on its urban contexts, I will investigate Tsai Ming-liang's use of absence as a method of inquiring into various aspects of urban life, particularly those involving interactions with infrastructure. In the spirit of interdisciplinary and inclusive thinking promoted by City, I will conclude by reiterating the validity of cinema—among other arts—as a tool for critical reflection on cities.


The UAH Propulsion Research Center (PRC) is in its 29 year at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). The mission of the Propulsion Research Center is to provide an environment that connects the academic research community with the needs and concerns of the propulsion community while promoting an interdisciplinary approach to solving propulsion problems. This paper summarizes recent metrics from academic and research programs that are associated with the PRC. The emphasis this year is describing the graduate student production supported by the PRC over the past 29 years. This assessment identified over 270 theses and dissertations into 9 different propulsion categories. The results accumulated into 207 master's and 67 Ph.D.s with the highest production rate being 21 degrees per year in 2010. The documents are distributed into categories representing conventional propulsion, advanced propulsion, missile design, airbreathing propulsion, Propulsion Testing, and Propulsion Systems Engineering. About 83% of the graduates are estimated to be U.S. citizens and there was a 20% female graduation rate. For the current year the total research expenditures from fifteen different agencies are anticipated to rise to $3.3 million which is a 33% compared to last year. PRC researchers published over 130 papers last year. The UAH student launch team placed 3 in the NASA Student Launch national competition this year. The PRC continues to be a resource to accomplish high-quality research, education, and workforce development in propulsion and energy.


Given a natural number n ≥ 4 we show that there exists infinitely many polynomials fn(x) := ∏ n i=1 (x − ai) such that (i) fn(x) has a root modulo every positive integer, (ii) fn(x) has no rational roots, and (iii) every proper divisor of fn(x) fails to have root modulo some positive integer. We exhibit a process to explicitly construct such fn and this process demonstrates that the set of natural numbers an, such that the polynomial fn(x) := ∏ n i=1 (x − ai) satisfies the properties (i), (ii) and (iii), is of positive asymptotic density in N.


After serving multiple terms as department chair at a small, liberal arts college, we have had the opportunity to develop some insights in a variety of circumstances. Through these experiences, we have formulated some advice for current and future unit leaders. We have included some general transition advice and a "top ten list" of lessons learned for leaders in their important roles and the challenging responsibilities that they face.


Experiment of 8 carbon fiber sheet(CFS) confined concrete columns and 1 reinforced concrete column subjected to constant vertical load and cyclic lateral load is introduced. The post-yield deformation capacity of CFS confined columns is investigated. The results show that columns confined with CFS have excellent post-yield deformation capacity, increasing of the CFS confinement degree increases the deormantion capacity;To obtain the same deformation capacity columns with larger axial force ratio should have larger confinement degree. The results also show that if the confinement degree is large enough, the increase of confinement degree has little effect on the enhancement of deformation capacity, the influence of axial force ratio on the deformaton capacity of CFS confined columns is little.


Despite being the most occurring type of diagnosis still relies on systematic biopsy [1]. A shift towards imaging-guided targeted biopsy would reduce the risk of underdiagnosis and overtreatment, whilst alleviating the burden on [2]. However, sufficiently reliable imaging is not only of paramount importance for reducing the risks associated with the systematic biopsy procedure, it is also essential for follow-up in active surveillance protocols [3] and for selection and monitoring of focal treatment [4].


The article presents structural changes in liner shipping sector, as many global Container shipping lines are opening their own agencies and many independent shipping agents are consecutively closing down their activities, either via takeovers or by going out of business completely. The process of horizontal and vertical integration in shipping industry is re-shaping the entire logistics industry. Such changes put pressure on shipping agents to redefine their market role and develop services with added quality, and relationships with actual and new principals. They are forced to seek for new ways to make income therefore they are forced to perform additional roles, in order to satisfy carriers on one hand, and usually just a few clients, on the other. A market analysis in Slovenia has been performed among companies offering ship-port services, with focus on comparison between independent agents and Container Line offices. It has been ascertained that independent shipping agents must implement the new strategy which is closer to a forwarder's mentality and market role.


At the time of his death in 1989, Nathan Irvin Huggins ranked among the most influential and important historians in America, a scholar who was universally hailed as the leading chronicler and critic of the Harlem Renaissance. Now, in Revelations, readers will find a celebration of Huggins' many contributions to American history. It offers a superb collection of his finest articles, reviews, and essays, works that span the entire spectrum of his thought on the African-American experience. Whether he is discussing the literary style of Langston Hughes, the leadership roles of W. E. B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, and Martin Luther King, Jr., or the African-American contribution to the "common culture" of America, Huggins is at his eloquent best, by turns passionate and poignant, witty and reflective. Among the many moving pieces, readers will find a tour of the slave castles of the West African coast in which Huggins describes places like Goree Island and Elmina as a collective and horrific Plymouth Rock of the African-American past. There is a powerful new introduction to his seminal book Black Odyssey, which assesses the major writings on slavery over the past two decades, and an illuminating look at the experience of free blacks in a slave society, whose rights were continually challenged or taken away. And, of course, Huggins' discussion of the Harlem Renaissance reveals the life of the city, the vibrancy that set the tempo and style for the decade that F. Scott Fitzgerald called "The Jazz Age." Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong, "Jelly Roll" Morton, Duke Ellington--all were changing American culture in profound and permanent ways, transforming it into something fresh and new and forever different--something uniquely American. Prepared by his widow, Brenda Smith Huggins, Revelations also features an insightful appreciation by Lawrence Levine that appraises Huggins's unique contribution to American history, and an envoi by Leon Litwack that paints a moving portrait of Huggins the man. Framed between is the fruit of a lifetime of reflection on topics as diverse as the art of Alain Locke, jazz, Paul Robeson, the Civil Rights Era, and the nature of history itself.


Combined with general engineering situations the exterior-protected construction of foundation and design process are introduced as well as major construction process.Questions deserving attention in construction process are pointed out.In the end monitoring method is discussed in order to provide references for similar works.


The c.5461-10T>C p.[Thr1821Aspfs*6,Thr1821Valfs*13] variant has been identified as the most common severe Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1)-associated variant in ABCA4. STGD1 is the most recurrent hereditary form of maculopathy and so far, no treatment is available for STGD1. In STGD1 patients homozygous for this variant, the onset of the disease typically is in childhood and patients are legally blind by early adulthood. The variant leads to exon skipping and generates out-of-frame ABCA4 transcripts that prevent the translation of functional ABCA4 protein. We applied antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to restore the wild-type RNA splicing in ABCA4 c.5461-10T>C. The effect of AONs was investigated in vitro using an ABCA4 midigene model and 3D human retinal organoids (ROs) homozygous for the ABCA4 c.5461-10T>C variant. The mRNA in untreated ROs contained only disease-associated isoforms, whereas the organoids treated with the lead AON sequence showed 53% splicing correction and restoration of ABCA4 protein. Collectively, these data identified the lead candidate QR-1011 as a potent splice-correcting AON to be further developed as therapeutic intervention for patients harboring the severe ABCA4 c.5461-10T>C variant.


La propiedad inmobiliaria en Cuba: Ayer, hoy y manana is part of the 2011 Annual Proceedings of The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy.


Humanitarian immigration programs like political asylum are supposed to protect and support individuals who endure violence, persecution, or other extreme events in their countries of origin and flee to other nations. However, the socio-legal reception that the United States gives to potential asylees falls short of those aspirations. Drawing on the narratives of asylum holders derived through ethnography, qualitative interviews, and focus groups in Los Angeles, California, this paper depicts asylees' convoluted routes to legal status opportunities and attorney assistance. The experiences of these individuals point to the need for more accessible information about U.S. legalization programs and representation options for newly arrived immigrants.


from reflection on the dreamer's misfortunes back to the main point of his discussion: 'the promise of diversion.' This edition also differs from other recent versions, such as Katheryn Lynch's Dream Visions and Other Poems (Norton, 2007), and his own Chaucer's Dream Poetry (Longman, 1997), in its glossing. Instead of a running marginal gloss, Havely includes a rather meagre gloss in footnote form at the bottom of the page, and a select glossary at the end of the book. This suggests an experienced intended readership, but if such an audience is to be offered a glossary, something more elaborate than one-word equivalents would be useful. An example can be found at line 1287, where a glossary might usefully have pointed to unexpected meanings and connotations of difficult and/or technical words. Havely includes a footnote observing that the 'berile' walls may recall the temple mentioned earlier in the poem, or the transparency of the walls of the New Jerusalem. He fails to note, however, that 'berile' is also a stone used for the optical lenses of eye-glasses, with the power to magnify through multiplying and expanding the species in the medium, hence making the objects seen through the stone seem larger than they are. This reading is not only supported by the immediate context, but can be plausibly linked to the Eagle's discussion of how sound travels by means of multiplication of species through the medium of air. This accurate and scholarly edition of The House of Fame is a useful alternative to the Riverside Chaucer edition, offering up-to-date information about dating, language, and verse style, a brief appendix containing Caxton's ending and explicit, as well as press corrections in Thynne's 1532 edition, and a substantial commentary section at the end of the book. Nevertheless, the revisions taking into account recent studies in The House of Fame aside, there is no great difference between Havely's 1994 and 1997 editions and the present one, nor is it the ideal introduction to the new reader, or a reader who seeks guidance, beyond basic decoding, through the semantic fields opened by the text.