The modal parameters of linear vehicle system are analyzed by the theoretical modal parameter analysis method first, and then SSI based on operational conditions is presented to form the estimation formula of modal parameters of linear vehicle system. At last, the modal parameters of linear vehicle system are identified by SSI after its vibration test under operational conditions, and are simultaneously compared to the results obtained by the theoretical modal parameter analysis method. Comparison results show discrepancies of 0.61~8.32 percent on modal frequencies and 3.86~11.61 percent on modal damping ratios, which implies that SSI based on the operational condition is feasible and effective, and has comparatively higher precision to meet the needs of engineering.


The classical approaches to enforcing serializability are the two-phase locking technique and the timestamp ondering technique. Either approach requires that a read operation from a transaction be negistered (in the form of either a read timestamp or a read lock), so that a write operation from a concurrent transaction will not interfere improperly with the read operation. However, setting a lock or leaving a timestamp with a data element is an expensive operation. The purpose of the current research is to seek ways to reduce the overhead of synchronizing certain types of read accesses while achieving the goal of serializability.To this end, a new technique of concurrency control for database management systems has been proposed. The technique makes use of a hierarchical database decomposition, a procedure which decomposes the entire database into data segments based on the access pattern of the update transactions to be run in the system. A corresponding classification of the update transactions is derived where each transaction class is 'rooted' in one of the data segments. The technique requires a timestamp ordering protocol be observed for acesses within an update transaction's own root segment, but enables read accesses to other data segments to proceed without ever having to wait or to leave any trace of these accesses, thereby reducing the overhead of concurrency control. An algorithm for handling ad-hoc read-only transactions in this environment is also devised, which does not require read-only transactions to wait or set any read timestamp.


The interplay of incompatible ground states is a key concept in physics and central to many materials classes from monolayer graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides to cuparte high-temperature superconductors. Tuning the balance between these ground states reveals competition, coexisitence, and cooperation - sometimes even within the same system. Here, we present comprehensive high-pressure Hall effect and magnetic susceptibility measurements of the charge-density-wave (CDW) and superconducting state in NbSe2. We show that superconductivity is enhanced upon suppressing CDW order at high pressures whilst CDW order is insensitive to a suppression of superconductivity in high magnetic fields. With a realistic model calculation we show that the suppression of the CDW state at high pressures is described by the stiffening of the underlying bare phonon modes, whilst the suppression of the superconducting state at low pressures is due to the loss of density of states inside the CDW phase. We conclude that the competition between the two states is one-sided in NbSe2. Our work clarifies the interplay of superconductivity and CDW order in prototypical NbSe2 and highlights routes to optimise superconductivity in materials with competing order.


Purpose: Purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of the application of the two methods: Digital Image Correlation and nanoindentation in porous bone tissues testing. Firstly, as a tool in the evaluation process of material parameters for porous microstructures, such as bone tissues or other foams and, secondly, as validation and verification tools for finite element analysis of bone or foams structures. Those methods are helpful when the high accuracy of the mechanical parameters of porous microstructures is required. Design/methodology/approach: Two methods: Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and nanoindentation are used as an efficient approach in the evaluation process of material parameters or constitutive relationship of porous structures like bone tissues. Digital image correlation enlarges the accuracy of classical mechanical tests and the nanoindentation allows to look inside the microstructure. Findings: The proposed methods were found to be effective in experimental testing and material parameters evaluation process of some special materials. Among them are porous structures, such as bone tissue. Additionally, the DIC is an excellent tool for finite element model validation and results verification. Practical implications: The presented method based on the combination of the Digital Image Correlation and nanoindentation presents new possibilities in material testing fields, material behavior and parameters evaluation. They have great advantages, among others, in the field of testing of porous bone structure or determining the mechanical parameters of bone tissue. Originality/value: The paper presents methods for testing the complicated porous bone structures: evaluating mechanical behavior of the whole structure and evaluating mechanical properties of the single element of the structure. The mechanical parameters of human cancellous bone structures are presented as the preliminary research results.


I am sure that all of us were fascinated in our youth by Washington Irving's story of Rip Van Winkle. When I first read it, I thought the amazing part was that Rip could sleep for 20 years. Now I know the really amazing part was that he slept through a revolution. When Rip went to sleep, we were a British Colony. When he awakened, the nation was a republic. We are living through a revolution in health care, and I am sure that physicians, the press, and the community are well aware of it. In this address I shall consider some of its causes and effects, and propose some fundamental possible solutions to the problems this revolution has created. Medical care changed from an art to a science during the transition from the preantibiotic days before World War II, to the gradual emergence of antibiotics in abundance. The famous


The Incoherence of Heuristically Explaining Coherence Iris van Rooij (email@example.com) Human-Technology Interaction, TU Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands Cory D. Wright (firstname.lastname@example.com) Depts. of Philosophy & Cognitive Science, UCSD 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0119 USA Keywords: coherence, abduction, heuristics, constraint satisfaction, NP-hard, explanation, truth. Advancement in cognitive science depends, in part, on doing some occasional "theoretical housekeeping." In this poster, we highlight some conceptual confusions lurking in an important attempt at explaining the human ability for rational or coherent thought: Thagard and Verbeurgt's computational-level model of humans' capacity for making reasonable and truth-conducive abductive inferences (1998; Thagard, 2000). TV but the goal should instead be the former, given (ii). For if theorists intend to explain how a computation is achieved, then the procedure posited at Marr's algorithmic level had better be an exact algorithm for the function posited at Marr's computational level (Marr, 1982), since the two levels otherwise make for incompatible and competing forms of explanation. To see why, consider a heuristic H that computes a function f H . Because H is an inexact algorithm for f coh , there exist inputs i such that f coh (i) ≠ f H (i). But then, the hypothesis that f coh adequately characterizes human inference, and the hypothesis that H adequately describes the process by which humans make abductive inferences, are incompatible hypotheses for all those inputs where f coh (i) ≠ f H (i). Consistency and coherence demand that one of the two hypotheses be rejected. Coherence Allows Contradictions to be True It is well-known that representation networks can be highly coherent and internally consistent without necessarily tracking how the world actually is. As such, coherence theories of truth and justification are beset by problems of circularity and being ungrounded. Contrary to what TV and since circularity is not avoided by changing how constraints are processed (e.g., from sequential to parallel processing), it seems that invoking f coh will be insufficient to ground the human capacity to achieving true, justified belief. References Garey, M. R. & Johnson, D. S. (1979). Computers and intractability: A guide to the theory of NP-completeness. New York: Freeman. Marr, D. (1982). Vision. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. Thagard, P. (2000). Coherence in thought and action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Thagard, P. & Verbeurgt, K. (1998). Coherence as constraint satisfaction. Cognitive Science, 22, 1–24. van Rooij, I. (2003). Tractable cognition. Ph.D. thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.


Passive, backscatter radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are often range limited by the power incident on the radio frequency (RF) tag. We have demonstrated an increase in the power incident on the RF tag using transmit diversity in a monostatic backscatter channel. Transmit diversity was achieved by phase conjugating the forward link of the backscatter channel associated with each reader antenna. The resulting increase in incident power will increase the range of passive backscatter systems and improve performance in fading environments.


This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-based Student Worksheets on Archimedes' Law. This study used an experimental method with a research design of one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study was all students of class XI MIA Public Senior High School 1 Sariwangi, the research sample was XI MIA 2. The sampling technique was done by using cluster random sampling. The data collection instrument used a pretest and posttest assessment sheet. Data analysis used statistical tests, namely N-Gain and t-test. The test result of the effectiveness of student worksheets based on guided inquiry using N-Gain analysis obtained a value of 0.97 with high criteria. Furthermore, the result of the t-test showed that it was 4.15>2.75. This indicated that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. Based on the average N-Gain and t-test, it can be concluded that guided inquiry-based student worksheets are very effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The results of this study have the implication that guided inquiry-based student worksheets can be used in the implementation of learning as a form of assistance for students to improve students' critical thinking skills.


Intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention education, batterer intervention programs, and victim treatment services are often designed in part to help participants identify and undermine the causes of IPV so as to facilitate rehabilitation and limit future perpetration. Thus, understanding the causes of transgender IPV (T-IPV) is of vital importance to ending it. By drawing on both the T-IPV and the broader cisgender IPV research literatures, this chapter reviews emerging theories of the causes of T-IPV. These theorized causes include many that also have been identified in the cisgender IPV literature—including rationalizing abuse, socialization into IPV-condoning attitudes, and power imbalances—in addition to several causes unique to T-IPV, including transphobia-related perpetration theories and transphobia-related victimization vulnerability theories. Supporting evidence for and gaps in our knowledge about these causes also are reviewed.


In this work, a star shaped patch with an outer ring structure is designed in the simulator for microwave head imaging applications. The designed antenna operatres from 1.47 GHz to 4.7 GHz with an impedance matching of greater than 10 dB. The antenna attains a peak gain of 3.8 dBi at 4.3 GHz. The Specific Absorption rate (SAR) of the designed antenna is checked to evaluate the effect of the antenna on the human head. This is done by separately designing a 7 layered head phantom. The antenna is also utilized to image brain tumor by introducing a cancerous tumor inside the brain phatom for imaging. Finally, brain tumor is obtained successfully after imaging using widely popular Delay and Sum (DAS) algorithm.


There is increasing use of long-term central venous access devices, both in and out of hospital. Historically, techniques such as multiple central venous access procedures, arteriovenous ®stula usage and multiple scalp vein puncture were common. Anaesthetists will encounter long-term venous access devices already in situ in day-to-day practice. In addition, there is an increasing practice whereby anaesthetists are directly involved in the insertion and removal of such devices. Despite the apparent similarity between shortand long-term access devices, there are important differences in design, usage and patterns of complication that are relatively speci®c to longer-term venous access. This review will assume a working knowledge of short-term catheterization and highlight these differences. We will con®ne the review to venous access devices and not comment on surgically created arteriovenous ®stulae and other implanted devices, e.g. for access to the portal vein, CSF, epidural space, pleural or peritoneal cavity. This review relates mainly to adult practice, but much of it applies to patients of all ages, including the smaller child.


We are reporting implementation of high quality time resolved laser scanning microscopy through modulation techniques. Inexpensive and commercially available electronics and mechanical optical modulator were integrated with an externally triggered laser scanning microscope to form a phase sensitive lock-in detection imaging system. The unique mapping capability enabled allows time resolved imaging of luminescent samples and photo-sensitive devices.


ABSTRACT Raman microspectrometry has been revealed as a powerful technique for performing qualitative analysis and estimation of relative molar fractions of the gaseous species present in minerals fluid inclusions. In this work, the methodology and calibration procedures used for the quantification of the different species in fluid inclusions are described, paying special attention to the estimation of the CO2 molar fraction. A discussion about the Fermi resonance of CO2 vibrations (ν1-2ν2; 1285–1388 cm−1) is also included.


LN( liquid nitrogen) cooling system is a new technology recently studied and applied in coal mine,with the function cooling air and extinguishing. In order to solve the problem of heat disaster in the coal mining working face of Heijin coal mine,LN cooling system was applied,the system type,process flowsheet and equipment selection were introduced,and the attentive question for design and operation were analyzed and discussed. The running result shows that the application of LN cooling system is feasible.


The Couette Taylor flows CTF strongly depend on geometrical characteristics of CT systems radio and aspect ratios. The superposition of axial flow may accentuate this dependence. Previous studies carried with relatively small radial and/or aspect ratios [1–3] or relatively low Taylor numbers (or rotational Reynolds number ReΩ) and/or low axial flux rates (exp. [4]: ReΩ < 50 and Reax < 400; [1] : Reax < 4), or limited to analytical approaches or numerical simulations adopting simplified hypothesis and assumptions. In order to complete information obtained for vortices characterization for relatively "high" Taylor numbers (303 ≤Ta≤ 1212) and relatively "high" axial Reynolds numbers (Reax ≤107), for relatively "big" CTS with a radial ratio η = Rint/Rout = 0.855 and an aspect ratio Γ= H/d = 31.03 (where H is the CTS height and d = (Rout – Rint) is the gap thickness), we realized a quantitative experimental study using standard and speed Velocimetry per Image of Particles (PIV) technique. The vortex structures for CTF with and without an "ascending" axial flow, according to the "direct protocol" i.e. The axial flow is superposed to an initial fully developed rotational flow were studied [5]. The vortex direction strongly depends on protocol history. The cartographies of velocity components are illustrated. The results mainly concern axial and radial velocity components. The cartographies of the vorticity ω, and the detection criteria Q and Γ2 are presented and discussed. The alternating between positive and negative values of axial velocity component characterizes the presence of contrarotating vortices. This allows determining the axial wavelengths (λ) for WTVF and MWTVF with and without axial flows. A same axial flow can have a stabilizing effect for a regime flow and a destabilizing effect for another. It enhanced the overlapping, the stretching, the folding or the breaking of vortices. From WTVF to MWTVF to TN, we illustrated that the vortices mixing is enhanced when the Taylor number increases due to vortices stretching and folding.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Fall 2014 507 ment of Jewish attainments in other areas, the British Union of Fascists proclaimed the emergence of a threatening, disproportionate alien presence in politics, economics, and sports. Prejudicial shibboleths asserted that the corrupt manipulations of a Jewish "Hidden Hand" menaced Britain. In the more genteel domain of golf, clubs employed secret voting to exclude Jewish applicants. Images in Golf Illustrated depicted clannish, materialistic, and crude Jews undermining the refined club ambience. Jews employed negotiations and protest against club discrimination. Other Jews, observes Dee, responded by establishing their own nondiscriminatory golf clubs, sometimes in collaboration with Gentile allies. Adapted from a recent Ph.D. dissertation, Sport and British Jewry presents material in a manner that lay readers may find didactic, cautious, and, at times, repetitious. Scholars of British, Jewish, and sport studies, however, will find the book valuable for its empirical and analytic contributions. Sport and British Jewry elicits commendation for its impressive research in primary sources as well as its mastery of the relevant secondary literature. Creating the foundation for a new and significant subfield, this pioneering volume, broad in scope, invites more specialized studies focusing on particular sports, events, individuals, and phenomenon. Future studies may also extend comparisons between the sport history of British and American Jewry. David Dee demonstrates that sport provides a valuable and largely untapped resource for gaining a deeper and more nuanced understanding of British Jewry. —WILLIAM M. SIMONS State University of New York at Oneonta


Ngorok disease (Septicaemia Epizootica) is a disease that attacks livestock, especially cows are acute and very fatal. Nusa Tenggara Timur is a livestock producer in Eastern Indonesia, one of them is in Kabupaten Kupang. Therefore, the people of NTT are more dominant in raising cattle. However, these livestock animals are susceptible to various diseases, especially SE. Prevention SE is done by vaccination on each cow in the NTT region. Therefore, this study was conducted to help simulate the pattern of Septicaemia Epizootica disease pattern using Cellullar Automata. In the CA simulation there are several stages to be passed that is data collection, data selection process, cartograp making and then the formation of CA simulation. The CA simulation process is performed using the Von Neumann R1 formula that applies an adjacent neighboring scheme of 4 neighbors. From the results of this study obtained a level of accuracy of 77% based on pattern simulation from 2014 to 2016. Therefore this application can already be used to simulate SE disease spread pattern in the coming years.


In this paper, we propose a new method for Chinese text recognition, which comprises two main contributions: First, we create a large Chinese text dataset, including 260 thousand images collected from business card and 390 thousand synthetic images generated by rendering engine. Second, we use these images to train a deep network to perform text recognition, which can recognize more than six thousand kinds of Chinese character accurately. Although our system is composed of different types of neural networks (CNN and LSTM), it is end-to-end trainable. Experiments demonstrate that our system achieve a high recognition accuracy in which synthetic data plays an important role.


Abstract : This paper is an historical account of Maxwell AFB from its inception in 1910 as a site of the Wright Brothers' flying school to the modern era of the Air University. The educational institutions such as the Air Corps Tactical School and the Southern Air Training Center that lead to the development of Air University are covered in moderate detail. Part 2 of the product is an oil painting depicting the same story. This painting will be permanantly displayed at the Air Force Wargamming Center at Maxwell AFB.


For the problem that traditional spectral regression approaches are sensitive to the errors incurred by class label error and occlusion in face recognition,robust spectral regression based on accelerated proximal gradient( APG-RSR) is proposed. Firstly,the robust discriminant subspace learning problem is formulated as a maximum conrrentropy problem,which can help to find the most correlation solution between spectral targets and predictions.Then,total variation( TV) regularization is imposed on the conrrentropy objective to learn a spatially smooth face structure. Finally,the maximum conrrentropy problem is casted into a compound regularization model based on the additive form of half-quadratic optimization,which can be efficiently optimized via an accelerated proximal gradient algorithm. Experiment results on FRGC face databases demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our method against inaccurate annotation and occlusion. Also,proposed method has improved recognition rates as well as reducing computational cost clearly comparing with several frequently-used linear regression and spectral regression approaches.


Water management is crucial to all societies. In addition to the technical challenges of moving large volumes of water from often distant sources to the populations that use them, water management entails a social challenge as well. In this paper we present a linked simulation framework in which a large-scale hydrological Water Balance Model (WBM) is linked to an Agent-Based Model (ABM) in which agents represent urban water managers. We present a test case in which agents plan individual water schedules to meet their consumers' needs, and optionally can interact when scheduled amounts fall short of actual demand. The simulation framework allows us to examine the impact of these relationships on the larger hydrology of the region, under different policy structures and water stress. We present a case study based on water management in Phoenix, Arizona, along the Central Arizona Project (CAP) canal.


A group of patients with severe mitral stenosis but with multiple features has been analysed separately. Inevitably the operative risk was greater and the prospects of obtaining a good result were poorer, but the majority maintained worth-while improvement for some years. A subgroup with considerable cardiac enlargement, congestive failure, and atrial fibrillation were thought to have important myocardial damage and fared less well. Some degree of traumatic (operative) mitral incompetence, as judged by auscultation, was produced in 97 (20%) of cases. In 72 of these there is nothing to suggest that the systolic murmur reflects mitral incompetence of dynamic significance. In 14 patients (2.8% of the whole series) it is thought that the incompetence produced was responsible for death or for subsequent deterioration, and in another 11 (2.2%) it is a possible contributory cause; but other adverse factors are also present which could be responsible. Since the introduction of the transventricular dilator there has been a higher incidence of systolic murmurs produced but not of traumatic incompetence of dynamic significance. Clot was present in 107 of the 500 patients and systemic embolism occurred in 20% of those with clot. Clot is most likely to be present in those with atrial fibrillation, large hearts, calcified valves, and relatively advanced years. Embolism with sinus rhythm is rare but occurred in 10% of all those with atrial fibrillation. This incidence has fallen during the past five years. Subsequent embolism has occurred in 16 patients, but it is not yet possible to assess if this would have been greater without valvotomy. It is concluded from this analysis that, although most patients with severe mitral stenosis are improved by valvotomy, surgical treatment is but an incident in the relentless progress of rheumatic heart disease, whether from activity of the rheumatic process or from the progressive fibrosis which follows activity.


A study was undertaken to develop a comprehensive reservoir operation simulation model of the Cumberland River Basin, located in the states of Kentucky and Tennessee. Hydropower production from nine multipurpose projects was simulated using the computer program 'HEC-5, Simulation of Flood Control and Conservation Systems. ' Simulations were made for periods having both severe droughts and floods. Alternatives were evaluated and criteria yielding the most energy benefit using existing operating constraints, storage allocations and installed capacities were determined. Simulation model results using these criteria were used as a basis for determining management for best utilization of the existing system and for evaluating potential increases in energy production due to changes in system management, storage reallocation or increasing plant capacity.


A SSR marker based linkage map covering chromosome 10 and the short arms of chromosomes 1 and 11 of rice was constructed and applied for mapping fertility-restoring genes in Zhenshan 97A/(Zhenshan 97B/Milyang 46)F_ 6 population consisting of 704 lines. Four QTLs were detected, among which Rf4 on the long arm of chromosome 10 displayed a major effect, Rf3 on the short arm of chromosome 1 had a considerable effect, and qRf10 and qRf11 in the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 10 and 11, respectively, had minor effects. It was also found that Rf3, qRf10 and qRf11 contributed to higher spikelet fertility in the presence of the major gene Rf4, whereas qRf10 and qRf11 showed little effect in the presence of both Rf3 and Rf4.


SUMMARY A 67 year old man with a six month history of gradually worsening malaise and dyspnoea presented in cardiac failure. Investigations showed a pericardial abscess leading to right ventricular outflow obstruction and pericardial constriction. Drainage of the abscess and partial pericardiec-tomy led to full recovery


Ceiling cooling panels have one of the highest technical energy savings and they achieve high comfort levels. However, they are unable to maintain the indoor relative humidity as they only transfer sensible heat. In order to overcome this problem, a novel heat and moisture transfer panel (HAMP) is developed and tested. In this paper, the applicability of the HAMP is tested using the TRNSYS simulation program. The impact of the HAMP on space relative humidity is investigated by modeling a 1-storey office building in two Canadian cities (Saskatoon and Toronto) as representatives of the Canadian climatic conditions. The validity of the HAMP and resulting energy savings is represented and compared against a similar building operating with a conventional all air system. The HAMP proved to be able to maintain space relative humidity levels between 22% RH and 55% RH in Saskatoon; and between 23% RH and 57% RH in Toronto.


Abstract Objective To investigate the role of the spatial position of conversing talkers, that is, spatially separated or co-located, in the listener's short-term memory of running speech and listening effort. Design In two experiments (between-subject), participants underwent a dual-task paradigm, including a listening (primary) task wherein male and female talkers spoke coherent texts. Talkers were either spatially separated or co-located (within-subject). As a secondary task, visually presented tasks were used. Experiment I involved a number-judgement task, and Experiment II entailed switching between number and letter-judgement task. Study sample Twenty-four young adults who reported normal hearing and normal or corrected to normal vision participated in each experiment. They were all students from the RWTH Aachen University. Results In both experiments, similar short-term memory performance of running speech was found independently of talkers being spatially separated or co-located. Performance in the secondary tasks, however, differed between these two talkers' auditory stimuli conditions, indicating that spatially separated talkers imposed reduced listening effort compared to their co-location. Conclusion The findings indicated that auditory-perceptive information, such as the spatial position of talkers, plays a role in higher-level auditory cognition, that is, short-term memory of running speech, even when listening in quiet.


Why do firms differ in the wages paid to otherwise identical workers and in the share of revenue that they allocate to labor? This paper explores the role of production networks. Using linked employer-employee and firm-to-firm trade transactions data from Chile, we show that firms with better access to both buyers and suppliers of intermediate inputs tend to have higher earnings premia and lower labor shares. Motivated by these facts, we develop and estimate a model with labor market power, worker and firm heterogeneity, and heterogeneity in firm-to-firm linkages in the production network. Greater access to larger buyers and more efficient suppliers raises the marginal revenue product of labor and lowers the relative cost of intermediates to labor. This leads to higher wages in the presence of labor market power and lower labor shares when labor and materials are substitutes. Through counterfactual simulations of the estimated model we find a substantial role for production networks in explaining the variances of earnings premia and labor shares across firms. Federico Huneeus 1180 Agustinas Office 352B Research Department (DIE) Central Bank of Chile Santiago, RM 8340454 Chile email@example.com Kory Kroft Department of Economics University of Toronto 150 St. George Street Toronto, ON M5S 3G7 and NBER email@example.com Kevin Lim University of Toronto 150 St George Street Suite 323 Toronto, ON M5S3G7 Canada firstname.lastname@example.com


The X-ray structure factors of CdO powder have measured with CuK? radiation at 80 K for ten reflections. The Debye-Waller coefficients were 1 400 ? 500 pm2 and 5 700 ? 1 000 pm2, and the ionic radii 124 ? 5 pm and 125 ? 5 pm for cadmium and oxygen, respectively. The degree of ionization obtained here was 1.7 ? 0.2 e, in fair agreement with the ideal value 2.0 for Cd+2O-2.


: Digital Twins (DTs) can be used for optimization, analysis and adaptation of complex engineered systems, in particular after these systems have been deployed. DTs make full use of both historical knowledge and of streaming data from sensors. DTs have been given numerous (distinct) definitions and descriptions in the literature. There is no consensus on terminology, nor a comprehensive description of workflows nor architectures. Following Multi-Paradigm Modelling principles, this paper proposes to explicitly model construction and use workflows of DTs as well as their architectures. We apply the concepts of variability (also known as product family) modeling, in particular to DT workflow and architecture. This allows for the de-/re-construction of the different DT variants in a principled, reproducible and partially automatable manner. To illustrate our ideas, two small use cases are discussed: a line-following robot (representative for an Automated Guided Vehicle) and an incubator (representative for an Industrial Convection Oven). The use cases focus on important systems in an industrial context.


Objective
To observe the effect and safety of posaconzole in prophylactic antifungal treatment of high-risk patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods
The effect of posaconzole on prevention of invasive fungal disease (IFD) during chemotherapy in 102 patients with hematological malignancies in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital from February 2014 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation analysis was carried out by Spearman analysis.

Results
A total of 102 patients were included, and only 2 (1.96%) patients had IFD. 2 patients died because of development of hematological malignancies. 11 (10.8%) patients had to discontinuation of posaconzole because of sever adverse events. Two patients with IFD and 1 case of undiagnosed IFD had to discontinue posaconzole. The total rate of discontinuation was 13.7% (14/102). There was no correlation between the time of using pothiazol and the time of hospitalization (rs=-0.02, P= 0.853) and the time of neutrophilic deficiency (rs= 0.167, P= 0.113), but the time of hospitalization was positively correlated with the time of neutrophilic deficiency (rs= 0.448, P= 0.000).

Conclusion
Posaconzole could effectively and safely prevent IFD in patients with hematological malignancies.

Key words:
Hematological neoplasms; Mycoses; Posaconzole


Sexual health is a pillar of young adult health. For medical students, one of whose training objectives is to educate the population about sexual health, it is necessary to check their basic knowledge, correct it and deepen it through an academic program. This work proposes to evaluate the impact of an initiation program in clinical sexology on the knowledge of learners in matters of sexuality.

 This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on a random sample of students from our Faculty of Medicine who have followed the one-semester program of introductory training in clinical sexology in the second year of the first cycle of medical studies via a questionnaire validated by the line of professional development of the same Faculty.

 The intervention reached 245 students, 61 of whom completed the questionnaires concerning knowledge before and after the intervention with a follow-up of 2 years; i.e. a participation rate of 24.89%. Following the intervention, learners better discern the different fields of sexuality (78.7 vs 98.4%; p = 0.002), the notions of sexual pleasure and orgasm (78.7 vs 93.3%; p = 0.004). Similarly, they know better the means of contraception (78.7 vs 96.7%; p = 0.000), the normal course of pregnancy and childbirth (78.7 vs 93.3%; p = 0.004) as well as the sources of information to personal questions about their own sexuality (54.1 vs 72.1%; p = 0.019). Some false beliefs persist despite the intervention, such as the fact that masturbation is a pathological act (32.8 vs 34.4%; p = 0.791).

 An introduction to clinical sexology in the curriculum of the 1st cycle of medical studies is useful for the training of a good doctor but cannot compensate for the shortcomings of a comprehensive sex education program.

 Nothing to declare.


Abstract A comparison of specimens of Nephtys caeca and N. longosetosa from the north east coast of England has shown that these two species can be reliably distinguished by examining:(a) the first setiger to bear mter-ramal cirri, (b) the pharyngeal papillae, and (c) the number of setigers in large specimens. Differences in parapodial morphology are also useful, though more variable. A long chaetal form of N. caeca, the var. ciliata of McIntosh (1908), has been shown to be present for only part of the year in the population at the mouth of the R. Tyne, and specimens belonging to this form were found to represent only a small part of the total size range of N. caeca. The length of the chaetae, relative to body size, shows a gradual transition from the var. ciliata condition to the condition characteristic of N. caeca non ciliata. It is suggested that this evidence indicates that the long chaetal form is a stage in the life history of N. caeca, possibly representing a pre-reproductive dispersive/migratory ...


After 48 years in existence, ASEAN has eventually transformed from periodic annual meetings of ministers to setting ambitious goals to transform itself into an integrated region; the ASEAN Community by the year 2020. An important tension in this transformation is the question of whether the people of ASEAN are aware and ready to embrace the initiative. As such, this study is interested to discover youths' awareness, attitudes and expectations toward the establishment. For this purpose, a set of questionnaires has been distributed to a total of 600 university students from Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Universiti Brunei Darussalam and Universitas Tanjungpura, Kalimantan which act as the aggregate view of youths originating from Borneo. The finding reveals limited familiarity on ASEAN and ASEAN Community among the respondents. Hence, this study implies that a concerted effort should be done in communicating the message of ASEAN Community to the ASEAN masses. Core elements include sufficient exposure on ASEAN Community's vision and mission, availability of specific mandatory courses on both school and university level and the initiation of more intra-ASEAN exchange programs; strengthening friendships and ensuring eventual steps to a greater consolidated integration. Future expansions to this study could be applied in other universities across the region in order to better gauge the general awareness and readiness of the youth towards the initiative.Keywords: ASEAN, ASEAN Community, Southeast Asia, integration, Borneo, youth, awareness, readiness


The FADS1 and FADS2 genes encode fatty acid desaturases required for synthesis of omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) important in the central nervous system, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular health. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes are associated with numerous health outcomes, but it is unclear how genetic variation affects desaturase enzyme function. Here, lymphoblasts obtained from Japanese in Tokyo participants in the International HapMap Project were evaluated for association of expression microarray results with SNPs in the FADS gene cluster. Six SNPs in the first intron of the FADS2 gene were significantly associated with FADS1 expression after Bonferroni correction. A 10-SNP haplotype in FADS2 (rs2727270 to rs2851682, permuted p = 0.028) present in 24% of the population was significantly associated with lower expression of FADS1, confirmed by qRT-PCR. A highly conserved region coinciding with the most significant SNPs contained predicted binding sites for PPARγ and SREBP. Lymphoblasts homozygous for either the major or minor haplotype were treated with agonists for these transcription factors, and expression of FADS1 and FADS2 measured. There was no difference by genotype in response to the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. The statin drug simvastatin and the LXR agonist GW3965 both upregulated expression of FADS1 and FADS2 through activation of SREBP-1c. Surprisingly, minor haplotype homozygotes had 2040% higher induction of FADS1 and FADS2 after simvastatin or GW3965 treatment, 24 suggesting enhanced responsiveness to SREBP-1c. Sequencing of the region flanking the putative sterol response element (SRE) in FADS2 identified two deletion mutations within 150 bp of the putative SRE in all minor haplotype carriers, and none among the major haplotype carriers studied. Individuals carrying the minor haplotype may be particularly vulnerable to alterations in diet that reduce LCPUFA intake, such as low fish consumption, and may be especially responsive to statin or marine oil therapy.


This paper reviews ongoing practices in dairy production among different stakeholders and suggests plausible solutions for enhancing the adoption of Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP).  GDFPs were initially conceptualized by FAO and IDF in 2004 and later comprehended in 2011. GDFP is emerging as a viable option for producers to produce safe and healthy milk in tune with specified standards and practices. India being the place of small scale producers has both limitations and opportunities to produce milk as per growing consumer demand. Number of private players, corporate houses, NGOs and research organizations experimented and evolved good practices and approaches which can be easily emulated by other interested stakeholders for production of high quality healthy milk and milk products. Rechristening the role of various organizations along with policies and programmes would pave the way for sustainable dairy production, processing and marketing through adoption of GDFP.


This paper presents and characterizes a novel high gain circularly polarized (CP) antenna array for 5G applications. The array element is an antipodal curvedly tapered slot antenna (ACTSA) generating circularly polarized field. The CP ACTSA fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is convenient to integrate with substrates. By introducing two sheet metals on the two sides of the rectangular Rogers 6002 substrate, an impedance bandwidth of 18.2%, a wide 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 16.9%, and stable gain of 8 ± 0.6 dBic over the operating band are achieved. By employing the proposed CP ACTSA as radiating elements, a 4 × 4 high-gain wideband antenna array is proposed for 5G <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band millimeter-wave applications. Fabrications are carried out using wire cutting electrical discharge machine and print circuit board process, which have advantages of low cost. The whole feeding network is realized by SIW with low insertion loss at millimeter-wave band. Benefiting from the wide impedance and AR bandwidth of the new antenna element, good impedance matching and AR characteristics can be achieved over the whole working frequency band from 81 to 95 GHz by this antenna array. Gain up to 18.5 ± 1.3 dBic is also obtained.


AbstractA number of experimental and analytical studies have been conducted on the axial compressive behavior of square concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, but there still exist several c...


Abstract The paper examines characteristics of science parks in the face of employment decline, raising doubts about the scale of their success. The paper re‐examines previous research on the existence and causes of long waves of economic growth and decline and concludes that if these are not generated by innovations in production, then it should not be surprising that science parks have not lived up to expectations.


This work comprises of experimental and numerical investigations of the volumetric flow in a direct injection spark-ignition engine to analyse the origin of cycle-to-cycle variations during stratified engine operation. High-speed two-dimensional two-component particle image velocimetry measurements are carried out simultaneously in the central tumble and mid-intake valve plane of an optically accessible engine, to capture the three-dimensional characteristic of the in-cylinder flow. Early investigation showed spray formation of stratified operation to be sensitive to cyclic fluctuations of the flow in a specific region below the spark within the central plane prior the first injection. Conditional statistics are used to track the origin of these variations back to the tumble flow in the valve plane during early compression underlining the three-dimensional structure of the flow. Moreover, conditional statistics reveals that the combustion performance is sensitive to the same specific flow region. According to this, computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to describe the in-cylinder flow with a map of four dominant flow structures. A new intake port geometry is derived from computational fluid dynamics simulations, optimized for high tumble generation. High-speed two-dimensional two-component particle image velocimetry in the central tumble plane is utilized to compare the optimized intake port with the original geometry. The new intake ports yield a considerable increased tumble movement with a favourable combustion performance and less cycle-to-cycle variation.


The new concept of multilevel network is introduced in order to embody some topological properties of complex systems with structures in the mesoscale, which are not completely captured by the classical models. This new model, which generalizes the hyper-network and hyper-structure models, fits perfectly with several real-life complex systems, including social and public transportation networks. We present an analysis of the structural properties of the multilevel network, including the clustering and the metric structures. Some analytical relationships amongst the efficiency and clustering coefficient of this new model and the corresponding parameters of the underlying network are obtained. Finally, some random models for multilevel networks are given to illustrate how different multilevel structures can produce similar underlying networks and therefore that the mesoscale structure should be taken into account in many applications.


In this review, the field of biosurface organic chemistry is defined and some examples are presented. The aim of biosurface organic chemistry, composed of surface organic chemistry, bioconjugation, and micro- and nanofabrication, is to control the interfaces between biological and non-biological systems at the molecular level. Biosurface organic chemistry has evolved into the stage, where the lateral and vertical control of chemical compositions is achievable with recent developments of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Some new findings in the field are discussed in consideration of their applicability to nanobiotechnology and biomedical sciences.


The paper comparatively analyses the usage of "guoran" and "guozhen". The major differences between these two words are as follows:"guozhen" can be used both as an adverb and as a conjunction,whereas "guoran" mainly as an adverb;When used as an adverb,"guoran" only indicates the sense that the fact is just the same as expected beforehand,while "guozhen" can also be used to emphasize the truthfulness of the fact besides indicating that sense;When used to express the sense that the fact is just the same as expected beforehand,"guozhen" is stronger than "guoran" in mood. "Guoran" can be used at the beginning of a sentense,and often with a pause,also before the predicate,and even can be used solely sometimes,whereas "guozhen" is mainly used before the predicate.


Electromagnetic induction (EMI) has prominent technique in UXO detection and discrimination research. Fast forward solutions are needed for target discrimination, which is essentially an inverse problem. We have previously developed a physically complete modeling system that includes all effects of the heterogeneities and their interactions within the object, in both near and far fields. Since the problem is highly ill-conditioned, the high order excitation modes were truncated and only the solutions of low and dominant modes were solved for. In this paper we introduce a two step approach for extracting the model parameters for both low and high order excitation modes. In the first step, high order modes are truncated. Solutions for low order modes are inferred from the measured data that mostly contain low order mode excitations. In the second step, solutions for both low and high order modes are solved by giving more weight to measurements that contains high order modes, and using the first step solutions as prior information. In the cases investigated here the two step approach provides a more accurate forward model and is still fast enough for inversion calculations in UXO detection and discrimination.


To what extent is it possible for organizations to reflect honestly on their own performance, draw appropriate conclusions, and then act on them? For many microfinance organizations this is now a question of survival. This paper argues that formal impact assessment can assist in the transition from donor-controlled replication projects to autonomous and adaptable organizations--but it often fails to do so. Pitfalls include inadequate attention to methodological detail and to the links between impact assessment and wider aspects of organizational change. The paper starts by highlighting the complexity of the overall task to which impact assessment is expected to contribute. It then critically reviews methodological options--why do impact assessment, what indicators to use, how to collect data, how to analyze it, and who should be responsible for which tasks? It concludes that the key to success is the quality of the relationship between microfinance managers and impact assessment specialists. A prerequisite for this, in turn, is the transfer of greater responsibility for managing impact assessment from donor agencies to the leaders of microfinance organization themselves.


Objective
To investigate the effects of radical resection of thyroid carcinoma combined with parathyroid autotransplantation (PAT) on postoperative parathyroid hormone, serum calcium and postoperative complications in thyroid carcinoma.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 86 cases undergoing total laparoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma (control group) and 114 cases undergoing total laparoscopic radical resection of thyroid carcinoma and PAT (observation group) from November 2016 to November 2018. The clinical symptoms and signs were observed in the two groups on 1 d, 3 d, 7 d after operation. The levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium were compared between the two groups on 1 d, 1 w, 4 w, 12 w, 24 w after operation. The occurrence of postoperative complications was evaluated in the two groups.

Results
On 1 d, 3 d, 7 d after operation, the incidences of sensory abnormality, finger/limb numbness, wrist- foot spasm, facial sign, Trousseau sign and anxiety in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The levels of PTH and serum calcium in the two groups at 4 w, 12 w and 24 w after operation were significantly higher than those at 1 d after operation (P<0.05), and the above indexes in observation group at 4 w, 12 w, 24 w after operation were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in the between-group effects, time-point effects and interaction effects of between-group and time-point in the two groups (P<0.05). The incidences of postoperative hypocalcemia, temporary hypoparathyroidism (HP) and permanent HP were 0.05%, 13.16% and 0 respectively in observation group, which were significantly lower than 0.13%, 36.05% and 8.14% in control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Radical resection of thyroid carcinoma combined with PAT for thyroid carcinoma can significantly improve postoperative clinical symptoms and signs, significantly improve postoperative PTH level and low serum calcium, and reduce the risk of postoperative temporary HP and permanent HP.

Key words:
Thyroid carcinoma; Radical resection of thyroid carcinoma; Parathyroid autotransplantation


♦An address by Secretary Wal¬ lace before a joint meeting of the Iiiberal Voters League of St. Louis jand the National Citizens Political Action Committee, St. Louis, Mo., June 14, 1946. enced by prophets of Democratic defeat. This is the time to fight all the harder—in Washington as everywhere else. In recent weeks, there has been considerable talk about the need for a third party. Now let us analyze this talk bluntly and realistically. In the first place, it would be simply impossible for a third party to get on the ballot in enough states to make anything approaching an effective chal¬ lenge. Too few people know that too many states have restrictive election laws that either outlaw a third party or put big obstacles in its way. Soit is -time foy-third party advocates to stop kidding them¬ selves.


Objective: To obtain alloantigen-specific hyporesponsivness via depletion of alloreactive cells from haematopoietic stem cell grafts. Methods: BALB/c mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells genetically engineered to express FasL were cultured with C57BL/6 mouse spleen lymphocytes, and MLR was performed to evaluate the alloantigen-specific hyporesponsivness. Results: FasL-transfected DC induced T cell apoptosis and inhibited alloantigen-specific hyporespons-iveness in vitro. Conclusion: DC transfected with FasL gene may prevent graft-versus-host disease by selective removal of alloreactive cells from haematopoietic stem cell grafts


. We close, temporarily or not, a repeated attempt on the Riemann hypothesis, which ultimately proved inconclusive. There is how-ever, in our opinion, much to be saved from it. It includes strong arguments for regarding R.H. as a two-dimensional problem.


AIM
To compare the cells of mucosal extension (ME) and radial invasion (RI) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) for optimal resection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-six patients underwent surgery for HCCA between 1992 and 2004. Immunohistochemical expressions of p53, Ki-67, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), mucin 1 (MUC1), and E-cadherin were assessed at five different sites of the tumour and compared between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups.

RESULTS
Expression of E-cadherin was significantly lower in RI cells than in ME cells, and that of MMP7 and MUC1 was significantly higher in RI cells than in ME cells. Ki-67 expression was higher in ME cells than in RI cells. During the 11-year follow-up, recurrence in patients with R0 resection was associated with significantly lower E-cadherin, higher MMP7, and higher Ki-67 expression.

CONCLUSION
Removal of as many RI cells as possible should be a priority in resection of HCCA, followed by removal of ME cells. E-Cadherin appears to be associated with recurrence of HCCA.


Abstract : Laser-induced fluorescence has been used as the basis for a new nondestructive-inspection technique. A strong correlation between laser-induced- fluorescence intensity and tensile strength of several polyurethane-based systems has been demonstrated. Various parameters, such as excitation and detection wavelengths, have been experimentally investigated. Successful laboratory experiments employing fiber-optic bundles indicate that practical implementation of this method is possible. A portable instrument to determine the physical condition of fabric-reinforced polyurethane fuel tanks used by the U.S. Army is one immediate application, but the method may also be applicable for use on other elastomeric materials.


Henshilwood and Marean (CA 44:627–51) have opened a number of useful perspectives on the role of "modern behavior" in the late stages of human evolution. Salient among these is a critique of the integrated trait-list approach to identifying "modern behavior," wherein such behavior is defined in terms of a presumed more or less simultaneous earliest occurrence of specific technological capabilities, together with the use of a wide variety of materials (bone, antler, shell, etc.) for fabricating tools and other artifacts, advanced predatory capabilities, production of artifacts (such as body ornaments) whose main purpose is symbolic, and so on. As they point out, the trait list appears to be disintegrating as a result of discoveries, particularly in Africa, indicating that the earliest appearance of various items in the list is spread over a span of time measured in tens of thousands of years (Brooks et al. 2004, Henshilwood et al. 2004, Holden 2004, Thompson et al. 2004). Although I applaud Henshilwood and Marean's deconstruction of the trait-list approach to archaeological investigation of "modern behavior," I think we need to beware of throwing the baby out with the bathwater. The items that make up the trait list do, in fact, coalesce in Paleolithic site inventories somewhere in the range of 40,000–50,000 years ago, signaling a major inflection in humanity's global history broadly parallel to other "revolutions" (Neolithic, Industrial, etc.) that our species has experienced, and therefore we need to ask what precipitated this punctuated episode in Paleolithic culture history. As Henshilwood and Marean point out, the list of possible contributing factors includes language, symbolically organized behavior, and demographic pressure. However, all of these (and all other less thoroughly scrutinized prospects mentioned in the article) are problematic. For example, language is not reflected in the material remains of preliterate cultures and, in any case, may have evolved over a huge expanse of time perhaps dating back to the earliest appearance of the genus Homo ca 2.5 million years ago (Jerison 2001), which renders it poorly suited to accounting for punctuated development. Symbolically organized behavior is conceptually vague


It was introduced the application and development course of Computer Center of Zhengzhou Railway Administration,summarized the construction experience of information system and put forward the direction of construction of informatizationsystem.


With the development of Self-drive travel and the broad field of the geographic information system (GIS) application in practice, the establishment of tourism information systems for self-drive travel is imperative. On the basic of tourist demand information collection through a questionnaire which was conducted on a Website, this paper started with the analysis of the Self-drive tourists' demand and supply, then analyzed the tourism information system for self-drive tourists(TISDT) from several aspects: system users, system functions, advantages, data access and equipments requested; A TISDT was designed from the following aspects: the demand of users, system objective, structure, system configuration, database design, system functions, financial and management; at last, the research discussed the system implementation, operation and maintenance, the existence of the gap, and studies prospect such as the system achieving in the mobile network platform.


BATISTA, J.N.S. Evaluation of different abutments for dental implants with Tri-channel internal connection [Dissertação]. Ribeirão Preto: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto; 2018. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of UCLA and mini conical abutments for Tri-channel implants regarding torque loss and marginal misfit. Twenty threeunit metalloceramic fixed prostheses supported by two implants were made and divided into two groups. Group 1, UCLA and Group 2, Mini conical (n=10). Torque loss was evaluated before and after cyclic loading while marginal misfit was evaluated at different stages of prosthesis construction (before casting, after casting, after ceramic pressing) and before and after cyclic loading (300.000 cycles, 30 N). Statistical comparison of torque loss was performed by mixed linear model with significance level p≤0,05. Both the groups presented torque loss after cyclic loading (p<0.05), but they were statistically similar (p=0.795). For marginal misfit evaluation comparing the groups before and after cyclic loading, mixed linear model was also used. In the group 1, before cyclic loading, marginal misfit mean in the premolar implant was 20.4 ± 6.91 μm and in the molar was 20.4 ± 3.44 μm; for group 2, the mean value of premolar was 9.29 ± 1.2 μm and molar was 8.98 ± 1.42 μm. After cyclic loading, in the group 1, misfit mean of premolar was 13.99 ± 8.74 μm and molar was 10.64 ± 0.70 μm. For group 2, after cyclic loading, misfit values of 12.47 ± 1.97 μm was found for premolar and 12.61 ± 1.99 μm for molar. Before cyclic loading, groups were statistically different in misfit (p<0.05), but this difference was not observed after cyclic loading (p=0.894). Group 1 presented significant difference in the misfit before x after cyclic loading (p<0.05) while in the group 2 any difference was noted (p=0.210); a general linear model was used for statistical analysis of marginal misfit at different stages of prosthesis construction with a significance level of p≤0.05. For group 1, significant differences was noted between before x after casting (p=0.007) and before casting x after ceramic pressing (p=0.002). In the group 2, at the prosthesis-mini conical abutment interface, significant difference was found between before x after casting (p=0.001), before casting x after ceramic pressing (p=0.003) and after casting x after ceramic pressing (p=0.022). Four prostheses presented ceramic chipping during the cyclic loading, two of each group, and were excluded from statistical analysis. It was concluded that both the groups presented torque loss after cyclic loading without significant difference between them. In addition, no significant difference was noted in marginal misfit after cyclic loading; however, UCLA group improved this fit in the implant-UCLA interface while any difference was noted in the mini conical group after cyclic loading. Significant differences were noted in misfit among different stages of prosthesis construction in both the groups.


This work was carried out with ninth graders, high school and pre-university private and public schools in the city of Itabaiana / SE. Ten visits were conducted with different groups of students, the CCTECA (House of Science and Technology City Aracaju), in order to provide students with a closer contact with experiments and physical phenomena that are present in everyday life. These students were divided into groups for better learning and interaction with the monitors, where they had the opportunity to handle the experiments. During the visit students were accompanied by the coordinators and teachers of the College of Physics and Writing. Students was charged: an essay on the videos viewed in the planetarium, which could explain a dissertation on the importance of the visit to this space for learning, and to do a little explanation of the theory covered in the experiments that most caught his attention. With the information contained in the texts produced by students was evident that there was a great contribution to learning of these students, as well as them having contact with physics experiments, put forward their opinions and relate the physical classroom with the experiments and their daily lives.


A study was conducted to evaluate the ability of a simple one-dimensional (1D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to identify a hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis by predicting pressure loss and flow rate across a renal artery stenosis. Six combinations of wall properties, inlet, and outlet boundary conditions were used to evaluate their effects on blood pressure estimation. All combinations of boundary conditions in the 1D model produced pressure to flow relations that compared favourably with previously reported in vitro and three-dimensional CFD model of a similar geometry. The mean error of the 1D results, using the in vitro model as the gold standard, ranges from 0.53 to 3.46 mmHg. While further work is required to optimize the specification of renal outlet boundary conditions from patient specific data, these results show that a 1D model may be used to identify pressure gradients across a renal artery stenoses.


The nutritional content, in situ rumen degradation of seeds, whole plant and stover of Chenopodium quinoa , as well as, their effect on in vitro gas production and rumen protozoa were evaluated. Six bulls (male castrated) with 412.3 ± 35.23 kg average body weight and fitted with rumen cannula were used. Treatments were: seeds (SEQ), whole plant (WPQ) and stover (SQ) of C. quinoa . The SEQ showed higher CP and gross energy (P <0.05) content and lower fiber content than WPQ and SQ. Rumen degradation (97% DM, 89% CP and 80% NDF) and in vitro digestibility of DM and CP (80 and 88% respectively) were higher for SEQ (P <0.05) than WPQ and SQ. In vitro gas production was 98 ml/0.5 mg fermented DM lower in SEQ and WPQ than SQ (P = 0.0001). However fermentation rate was higher for SEQ and WPQ. The protozoa count was lower in SEQ (P = 0.0001). Seeds of C. quinoa and whole quinoa plant can be incorporated into the diet of ruminants because their good chemical composition, reduced protozoa and high rumen digestion.


In response to next-generation mask requirements, Etec Systems, Inc has developed a complete raster-based patterning solution to meet the production needs of the 130 nm IC device generation as well as those for early 100 nm production. In developing this new MEBES system, we have aimed at versatility, extendability, and compatibility with conventional high-contrast resists and redesigned it form the ground up. This MEBES system incorporates many technological innovations, such as anew 50 kV electron-beam (e-beam) column, a new raster graybeam writing strategy, a new stage, an integrated automated material handling system, on-board diagnostics, and environmental/thermal control. A discussion of architectural details of the new MEBES system designed to meet the tight requirements of 130-100 nm technology nodes is presented. This comprehensive patterning solution offers the best combination of benefits to the user in terms of versatility, overall system throughput, and extendability. Initial throughput and lithographic performance benchmarks are also presented and are very promising in predicting the ability to meet critical dimension uniformity requirements of 10nm or better, as predicted by the ITRS requirements.


An experiment was made in order to confirm the possibility to determine the age of nuclear debris by measuring the activity ratio of 95Zr to 95Nb. The photopeaks due to 95Zr 757 kev γ-rays and 95Nb 766 kev γ-rays can be clearly resolved from each other by a Ge (Li) detector with high resolution. The agreement between calculation and experiment was fairly good. This method can be applied with appreciable accuracy for the age determination of nuclear debris in an age range from about 15 to 100 days. In the case of debris samples which are much depleted in volatile nuclides, such as highly radioactive fallout particles from an air burst, the youngest age that can be determined by this method is appreciably less than 15 days.


The development of science and technology at the present time in the treatment of water has affected the understanding of the meaning of water and the provisions of its use in jurisprudence, which led to a change in the meaning of absolute, pure and purified water. If the mazhab scholars discuss the status of water that consists of absolute water, used water, mixed water and impure water without any expansion of the return of the water status to the absolute state through unnatural processes, then contemporary scholars seek to expand the status of water to become absolute, pure and purified by an unnatural process. This research uses the library studies method with a comparison between the mazhab scholars and contemporary scholars in understanding absolute water, and uses an analytical framework based on the theory of Istihālah in the process of recycling or distilling water. The results of the study indicate that there are efforts to renew and expand the form of absolute water by contemporary scholars through the process of Istihālah, so that the water that was used, or impure water, sewage or waste, becomes absolutely pure and purified water again, if it goes through a hydrological process. The renewal and expansion of the meaning of the absolute is a creative effort and a kind of contemporary jurisprudence that goes in line with the spirit that jurisprudential rulings are constantly evolving within the framework of accommodating the development of science and technology.


What does deductive planning really mean? Surprisingly, this question recently came up at the International Workshop on De-ductive Approaches to Plan Generation and Plan Recognition 7]. It turned out during the discussion that there are two diierent points of view. One|apparently more widespread among the American planning community|tends to use deductive for all approaches which are based on some logical formalism even if the actual planning process is carried out in an algorithmic way. In contrast to that, the second viewpoint| apparently more common in the European sector of the eld|is much stricter. Here, deductive planning is understood as solving the planning problem by the application of theorem proving methods. Thereby, a formal semantics is provided not only for the underlying logical formalism for representing planning domains, but also for the plan generation process itself, which in most cases is actually a theorem proving procedure. Deductive planning in this sense means starting from a formal plan speciication and deriving a plan by proof of the speciication formula. The plan itself is then provably correct w.r.t. this speciication. Following the latter view on deductive planning, we will focus on the important features of planning approaches based on automated theorem proving techniques. Various logics and calculi have been used for deductive planning up to now. Since the early work of Green 13], where a situation calculus domain representation was used together with a general purpose resolution theorem prover, several extensions and modi-cations have been developed. They led to eeciency gains and increased the expressive power of the underlying logic; most prominent examples being Kowalski's version of the situational calculus 21] and Manna and Waldinger's uent theory 22], respectively. Kowalski's approach provides a representational solution of the frame problem by drastically reducing the number of required frame axioms. Plans are generated using a Horn clause resolution procedure guided by several strategies. Fluent theory was the rst approach which allowed for a domain axiomatisation using exible function symbols and with that formed the basis for the generation of recursive plans. These were produced by Manna and Waldinger's resolution-based tableau calculus which also provides induction rules. The paradigm, which underlies these approaches as well as most of the more recent ones, is that of viewing plans as programs. It entails that plans are not merely action se


Formaldehyde (as its dimedone adduct, formaldemethone) has been identified in the extracts of parts of European Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) by high performance liquid chromatography and from matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric data. It has been established that the level of measurable formaldehyde is increased in the acorns by soaking. In the early developmental stages of European Turkey oak, the level of formaldehyde is particularly high throughout in the endosperm tissue and is increased gradually in the root tissues. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study tests competing hypotheses about public support for European integration and projects referendum voting behaviour. It emphasizes anti-immigration sentiments as a key variable for understanding reluctance about integration. Drawing on survey data, it is shown that anti-immigration sentiments, economic considerations and the evaluation of domestic governments are the strongest predictors of both attitudinal support for integration and individuals' propensity to vote 'yes' in a referendum on the enlargement of the European Union (EU).


The transformation of 2-chloro-3-[5-(acetoxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]quinoxaline 3 to 1-aryl-4-[5-(hydroxymethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines 4a-c has been achieved upon treatment with aroylhydrazines in boiling butanol. Compounds 4a-c were smoothly acetylated by acetic anhydride to give their acetyl derivatives 5a-c in good yield. 4-[5-(Acetoxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-1-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline was prepared by ring closure of 2-hydrazino-3-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]quinoxaline 6 by the action of acetic anhydride. The reaction of 6 with acetylacetone afforded 3-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl]-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)quinoxaline 8. In addition, the reaction of 3 with sodium azide in boiling N, N-dimethylformamide yielded the fused tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline 9.


The telemetry signal is often interfered with impulse noise, which results in difficulty in time domain and frequency domain analysis results. Hereby a new impulse noise suppression method based on wavelet transform and median filtering technique was proposed. The received signal is decomposed into detailed components and approximate components, and then the median filtering is carried on the wavelet decomposition components with vary filtering window size according to the wavelet transform scale respectively. This method can suppress the impulse noise effectively and keep the detail information of the signal from the loss at the same time. The simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness of the method.


As far as Michael Howe is concerned, the healthcare community should no longer question whether retail clinics are here for the long haul. The way he sees it, the criticisms about quality and continuity remain theoretical and spoken by a vocal minority. But even more so, the millions of consumers who are driving demand for retail-clinic services seem to have answered the question already.


In each of the support guides (50b), in a plurality of parts (2) is only a plurality of component supply plate 6 for the arrangement (段) component supply plate for accommodating laminated to the receptor (50), respectively, wherein each of forming a tank (組) of the pair of support guide parts, can be identified from the support guides of the respective forming the combination of the other pair, and enables visual recognition by the plate supply direction, in the direction to form an identification mark 114 disposed at the end or in the vicinity of the respective support guide portion.


P olar metals are metals that are asymmetric under spatial inversion—a simultaneous flip in the sign of all three spatial coordinates. These materials are rare. Polar metals that are also magnetic are even rarer. Now, Hongrui Zhang at the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues have identified a material that behaves as a polar magnetic metal at room temperature [1]. This material has intriguing electric andmagnetic properties that could make it useful for applications in spin-based electronics.


1601 Background: Market access conditions of innovative drugs are expected to affect their utilization. Prices of recently launched monoclonal antibodies are high and their accessibility differs across Europe. In Italy most products are associated to risk-sharing schemes while in France they are approved with no restrictions. Funding process varies: these products are funded on top of diagnostic-related group (DRG) costs in France, but not in the United Kingdom and Germany. Trastuzumab (TRZ) was recommended by payers for early- and late-stage breast cancer (BC) in Europe, with differences in the process and timelines of recommendations. Cetuximab (CTX) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) was not recommended in the United Kingdom (until June 2009), but accepted under a price volume agreement scheme with prior authorization in Italy, and without restriction in France and Germany. Methods: We reviewed how such differences might affect usage of TRZ and CTX in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom...


. It is a fundamental issue to find a small subset of influential individuals in a complex network such that they can spread information to the largest scope of nodes in the network. Informative functions in complex software network can lead maximum information propagation scope, and mining such function nodes is important to understand the system's topology structure and information transfer flows. In this paper, a novel top-k informative nodes mining approach based on global information in directed-weighted complex software network is proposed. Firstly, we map functions and call relationships between them as a Directed-Weighted Function Call Network (DWFCN). Secondly, an algorithm path-compute based on Software Executing Path Sequence (SEPS) generated by Depth-First-Search strategy is used to compute the software executing paths and get nodes' information Accessible Set (AS). Thirdly, algorithm Entropy-Compute is proposed to calculate each source node's information entropy in each information transfer flow process. Finally, an Informative Node Rank (IN-Rank) algorithm is put forward to mine most informative nodes. Experimental results show that our new method is accurate and effective.


F2-isoprostanes (F2-iPs) are a group of prostaglandin-like isomers produced from peroxidized arachidonic acid (AA)-containing phospholipids (1). They are new and important markers of lipid peroxidation in vivo <(1). However, their introduction into clinical practice has been limited by the need to extract the compounds from their biologic matrices before analysis by immunologic methods or mass spectrometry. Morrow et al. (2) and others (3)(4) used multiple steps, including thin-layer chromatography and HPLC, in their purification methods. Apart from being time-consuming, these procedures also led to substantial losses of the target compound. In one study (5), the recovery of a urinary metabolite of iPF2α-III was only 20–30%. Recently, Nourooz-Zadeh et al. (3), using a reversed-phase C18 cartridge followed by a normal-phase NH2 cartridge, reported a recovery of 75% for F2-iPs (6). However, this procedure is still time-consuming.

In this report, we present a simplified and rapid procedure for extracting F2-iPs from biologic samples using an Oasis HLB extraction cartridge (Waters Corporation). This cartridge contains a unique copolymer sorbent with hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in proportions that allow high and reproducible recoveries of acidic, basic, and neutral compounds, whether polar or nonpolar (7).

To study the performance of the Oasis cartridge, we prepared two F2-iP samples. The first sample contained F2-iPs isomers generated …


Hazard perception in driving refers to a driver's ability to anticipate potentially dangerous situations on the road ahead and has been the subject of research for over 50 years. It is typically measured using computer-based hazard-perception tests and has been associated with both retrospective and prospective crash risk, as well as key crash-risk factors such as distraction, fatigue, alcohol consumption, speed choice, and age-related declines. It can also differentiate high- and lower-risk driver groups. The problem is that it is also a skill that appears to take decades of driving experience to acquire. This raises the question of whether it is possible and practical to accelerate this learning process via assessment and training in order to improve traffic safety. We have evidence that, in contrast to most driver education and assessment interventions, hazard-perception testing and training appear to have the capability to reduce crash risk. For example, the inclusion of a hazard-perception test in the UK driver licensing process has been estimated to reduce drivers' non-low-speed public-road crash rates by 11.3% in the year following their test.


Bi-phase dispersible ZnO nanoparticles surface-capped by polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) were prepared using nano-emulsion method in the presence of zinc acetylacetone[Zn(acac)_2]as the precursor and PVP as the surfactant.The phase composition,microstructure and chemical feature of resultant PVP-ZnO nanoparticles were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and infrared spectrometry.Its optical properties were evaluated by means of ultraviolet-visible light absorbance spectrometry and florescence spectrometry.It has been found that as-synthesized PVP-ZnO nanoparticles have hexagonal structure and narrow size distribution as well as high crystallinity.Thanks to the encapsulation of nano-ZnO by PVP,PVP-ZnO nanoparticles are well dispersible in both organic and inorganic solvents.In the meantime,PVP-ZnO nanoparticles show a strong absorption band around 373 nm.Under an excitation at 380 nm,PVP-ZnO nanoparticles show strong blue-greenish emission peaks around 496 nm and weak emission peaks around 587 nm at room temperature.


System for managing a storage space (10) for vehicles (20) comprising a plurality of parking spaces (12), with data carriers, which vehicles contain identifying (20) identifiers, and with the support surface associated (10) terminals (14a to 14d) provided with a data processing center (16), said disk having a contactless interface for wireless data transmission between the data carrier and the terminal (14a to 14d), characterized in that at least one further terminal (34a, 34b) of the shelf (10) is assigned to the associated device (30) which is designed for wireless data transmission with the data carriers, and that the data carrier by pairs of associated cards (40, 40 ') are formed, wherein the respective first card (40) by the user entrained with for data transmission device-side terminals (34a, 34b) and the respective second card (40 ') to remain in the vehicle (20) vorgese is hen.


Adamantinoma of long bones is a rare bone tumour with (immuno‐) histological features of epithelial cells, surrounded by various amounts of osteofibrous tissue. Recent studies have indicated that cells with an epithelial phenotype are most probably the malignant element. There is still debate as to whether the fibrous part should be designated as a benign neoplastic element of a biphasic tumour or as a reactive non‐neoplastic tissue next to an epithelioid bone tumour. The expression of fibroblast growth factor type 2 (FGF‐2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and their respective receptors FGFR‐1 and EGFR, as well as the proliferation marker Ki‐67, was studied in both constituents of adamantinoma in serial sections of 25 cases by immunohistochemistry. Expression of FGF‐2 and its receptor was present in both constituents of adamantinoma, but predominated in the epithelial component. Expression of EGF and its receptor was restricted to the epithelial component of adamantinoma. Comparing osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD)‐like adamantinoma with classic epithelial cell‐rich adamantinoma, the expression of FGF‐2, EGF, and EGFR was more intense and in a higher percentage of cells in classic adamantinoma. Proliferative activity was found nearly exclusively in the epithelial component. These data further substantiate the hypothesis that epithelial cells constitute the proliferating tumour cell population responsible for the malignant behaviour of adamantinoma. The data indicate that during progression, the epithelial cells acquire expression of FGF‐2, EGF, and EGFR, accompanied by a higher proliferative activity. Within the epithelial cell population, there exists an autocrine pathway of growth stimulation. Furthermore, these data point to an interaction between the epithelial and fibrous components, in which the epithelial cells additionally stimulate fibrous cell growth via a paracrine pathway involving FGF‐2. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Capicua (CIC) is a transcriptional repressor and functions downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway. Somatic mutations found in the HMG‐box DNA binding domain in CIC have been implicated in several cancers such as oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, and adenocarcinoma. However, the molecular basis of the DNA binding of CIC and the effect of the somatic mutations found in cancers on DNA binding have not been investigated. Here, we report the crystal structure of the HMG‐box domain of CIC complexed with its target DNA, the promoter of Ets Translocation Variant 5 (ETV5). The structure shows that the HMG‐box domain has an L‐shaped structure and recognizes the minor groove leading to DNA bending. Our structure combined with an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that cancer‐associated mutations in the HMG‐box domain abrogate the interaction with DNA. These results provide the molecular insight into the DNA binding of CIC and reveal the effects of carcinogenic mutations on DNA binding.


FIELD: electric power engineering. SUBSTANCE: use: in electric power engineering. Method for feeding electrical power of at least one wind turbine (100) or of wind farm (112) into electrical supply network (120) having network voltage (U) and network frequency (f) is prepared for feeding in active electrical power (P) and reactive electrical power (Q) and the fed-in active power (P) can be adjusted on the basis of at least one network state by means of an active-power controller; and/or the fed-in reactive power (Q) can be adjusted on the basis of at least one network state by means of a reactive-power controller; and the active-power controller and/or the reactive-power controller can be changed according to type, the type is changed when the corresponding adjustment function is replaced and/or according to the set of parameters, the set of parameters is changed when the corresponding adjustment function is changed. EFFECT: technical result is increased reliability of network support with the help of the wind turbine. 8 cl, 5 dwg


The Relationship between Initial Body Mass Index and Body Mass Index after One Year of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy in Idiopathic True Precocious Puberty Girls Ju Young Yoon, M.D., Min Jae Kang, M.D., Se Young Kim, M.D., Ji Young Seo, M.D., Sei Won Yang, M.D., Young Ah Lee, M.D., Ji Eun Lee, M.D., Hye Rim Chung, M.D and Choong Ho Shin, M.D. Department of Pediatrics , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Seongnam, Department of Pediatrics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea


The propranolol withdrawal syndrome is postulated to be a complication in the postoperative course in two patients described by Goldman in this issue (see p 193). The timing and nature of the adverse events were in keeping with our observations of exaggerated cardiac β-adrenergic responsiveness after abrupt propranolol hydrochloride withdrawal. 1 The controversy that tends to downplay the frequency and severity of propranolol withdrawal phenomena may have two explanations. First, the withdrawal features are usually mild and probably only adversely affect a few predisposed patients with overt or undetected ischemic heart disease. Second, the symptoms of the propranolol withdrawal syndrome are similar to and, therefore, may be erroneously attributed to the underlying disease. It is difficult to predict who will be at risk of an adverse event after propranolol withdrawal; therefore, a pragmatic preventive approach seems justified. If a patient's angina or hypertension is well controlled with propranolol, it would


collections and on the other hand the detection of bile stones, CBD dilatation. The last two give us the suspicion of biliary origin of pancreatitis. In (70-80%), the acute pancreatitis as a mild – moderate disease; in the a severe


Perspectives technology assessment in Australia recommended regulatory reforms that included tighter postmarketin surveillance and more flexibility in evaluating and comparing new technologies.14 In particular, it focus reviewing devices of high risk or cost where there is n evidence regarding safety, or there is public interest o controversy. Silicone breast implants fall into both th categories. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administratio A recall of breast implants from a French manufacturer has highlighted a low data capture rate — and considerable room for improvement — in Australia's registry


The rate of hydrolysis of 3-chlorobenzohydroxamic acid [3-Cl-C6H4.CO.NHOH] has been measured over a wide range of acidities in hydrochloric, sulfuric and perchloric acids in 10% (vjv) DMSO-Water at 5YC. The kinetics have been analysed by Bunnett, Bunnett-Olsenand Cox-Yates excess acidity treatments. Kinetic solvent isotope, salt and temperature effects have also been probed. The mechanism of the acid catalysed hydrolysis is postulated as involving two steps: a rapid protonation and a rate-determining A-2 nucleophilic attack by water.


The main aim of post-diagnostic support services is: to help people with dementia to
continue living well in the community; provide information and support; help people
to manage issues as a result of getting a diagnosis; and delay admission to long-term
residential care. Emerging evidence from psychological sources suggests that the
psychosocial potential of people in the early stages of dementia is considerable.
Many people are capable of adjusting to a diagnosis and can learn to cope with the
implications of the illness for themselves and their family. Additionally, people with
dementia appear capable of insight, including being able to evaluate the quality of
their own life and of being meaningfully involved in decision making about their own
immediate care needs and future choices. Post- diagnostic support is crucial to both
contemporary and future decision-making. Post-diagnostic support can help people
work through the disease and enable them to plan for a life beyond diagnosis.
Information, social contact and peer support can also help to reduce anxiety and
isolation following diagnosis. Support following diagnosis is also important for carers
of people living with dementia. The problems faced by spouses and partners are
amplified by a lack of understanding about the diagnosis and symptoms of dementia.
Post-diagnostic interventions can support family members by increasing their
knowledge and awareness of dementia. Knowledge of potential care trajectories is
also important for carers


The invention provides a preparing method for reconstituted tobaccos containing moxa. The preparing method includes the steps that firstly, water with the weight 1-5 times that of moxa raw materials by weight is added to the moxa raw materials, filtering is conducted after ultrasonic extracting, and filter liquor is condensed to obtain moxa extract; secondly, filter residues obtained after filtering in the first step are added to tobacco powder and mixed with the tobacco powder and tobacco stems to be pulped to form mixed slurry, and a sheet base piece is obtained through papermaking production, wherein the weight of the tobacco filter residues is 1-10% that of the tobacco powder; thirdly, the moxa extract in the first step is added to coating liquid and arranged on the sheet base piece obtained in the second step in a coating mode to be prepared so that the reconstituted tobaccos containing moxa can be obtained, wherein the weight of the moxa extract is 1-5% that of the coating liquid. According to the preparing method, the characteristic that the moxa generates faint fragrance after being combusted is utilized, the offensive odor in the sheet can be concealed after the tobacco sheet is added, fragrance is improved, air can be purified, and a passive smoker does not repel smoke any more. In addition, moxa resources are rich, cost is low, and very high practicability is achieved.


Remote sensing of vegetation is developing into a highly quantitative science. 6S atmospheric correction model based on radiative transfer theory, with a definite physical meaning, but it provided a limited number of patterns which are difficult to reasonably describe atmospheric conditions in a specific study area, therefore, in the absence of measured data, it is necessary to select or estimate reasonable atmospheric parameters, the selection of parameters directly affect the result of atmospheric correction. In this study, firstly atmospheric correction parameters identified for landsat7-ETM remote sensing image in Zhangye city, in particular, were analyzed, china. And then the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of desert, grassland and forest from May 2001 to November 2002 was calculated before and after making the atmospheric correction. Further more, the spatio-temporal changes in the NDVI were analyzed, thus the effect of atmospheric correction was evaluated for different land covers' spectral response characteristics of ETM satellite image. The result showed that firstly the intercept of the regression line, between the NDVI of before and after correction, was almost the same for each land cover type, while the slope was around 1.6 to 1.8 for grassland, it was smaller in the desert, where the range of the NDVI was limited. Secondly, the NDVI in dense vegetation was more sensitive to the correction, which was a result of the effect of path radiance. After correction, the range of NDVI increased, with the characteristic that the greater the NDVI, the larger was the atmospheric effect. Thirdly, in all of the desert, grassland and forest land, atmospheric correction made the NDVI larger by at least 0.05; in the desert, NDVI before correction less seasonal change than NDVI after correction; in the grassland, NDVI before correction and NDVI after correction showed the same seasonal trend; in the forest land, NDVI after correction increased more rapidly and decreased more gradually than the NDVI before correction before and after the peak. Fourthly, the aerosol optical thickness and elevation in each pixel were considered in this 6S model, in this way, the results of atmospheric correction can be more reasonable and more truly reflect the surface vegetation conditions.


Since dissipation requires motion, the velocity‐independent friction of macroscopic systems must result from quick motions of some of its components. A model of coupled spins, some of which have irregular anisotropy directions, presents velocity independent loss. During a collective motion of the spin ensemble, an irregular spin can fall into its potential minimum, from which it is subsequently dragged out again. The effect is pronounced for a range of the ratio between the anisotropy and interatomic exchange coupling constants which is typical for rare‐earth ions.


Disclosed are an etching solution for a substrate and a substrate-etching method, which can prevent the contamination of a substrate, particularly a semiconductor substrate, with metal impurities. The etching solution comprises a dicarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof and 20% (W/W) or more of an alkali metal hydroxide. The substrate-etching method comprises the step of etching a substrate with the etching solution. (1) wherein T1 and T2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or T1 and T1 together form a bond; and R1 to R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, provided that, when T1 and T2 do not together form a bond, any two of T1, T2 and R1 to R4 represent a carboxyl group, and any one of the remainder represents a hydroxyl group, and the others independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and when T1 and T2 together form a bond, any two of R1 to R4 represent a carboxyl group, and the others independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.


It is suggested that there are several broad trends that will profoundly affect the entire transportation industry in the future: work force demographics; corporate restructuring; economic directions; and political realities. Each of these areas is reviewed, and their meaning is discussed. All these trends only emphasize the need to revitalize the engineering profession. There must be an emphasis on education, on the sponsoring of scholarships, and the encouragement of youth to enter the transportation profession. Continuing education must be stressed. The public and elected officials must be educated on transportation needs. The mulitplicity of jurisdictions functioning in urban transportation must be considered.


McClelland, D.J., et al. 2021. "Renewable Linear Alpha-Olefins by Base-Catalyzed Dehydration of Biologically-Derived Fatty Alcohols." Green Chemistry. DOI: 10.1039/D1GC00243K. Background/objective Linear alpha olefins (LAOs) are widely used to produce plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, and polyethylene comonomers. With recent efforts to move society toward a circular economy, there is interest in the production of LAOs from renewable resources — although integrating biological and chemical catalysis is a major challenge for supplying commodify chemicals from renewable resources on an industrial scale. In this study, we take one of our target CABBI products, fatty alcohols, and upgrade it to LAO catalytically. Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) of this combined biological and catalytic process identifies core improvements required for making this process economically viable.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Gordon, Hunt and Dutta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Food systems communication amid compounding crises: Power, resistance, and change


From the materialistic discursive perspective, we think about the gesture of escape in its relationship with the symbolic, situating it as a gesture that goes beyond univocal senses. In the construction of utopias related to the city, especially, a set of senses is established that delimits a specific scope for which certain people must go and from where others should escape. This is how the favela pacification project is presented, which opens the analysis of other possibilities of escape.


The plasma's characteristics, generation technology and its application in the catalysts' preparation, regeneration and modification are introduced in this paper. It also presents the plasma technology's use in catalytic reaction such as the conversion of methane and carbon dioxide to syngas and acetic acid, the partial oxidation of methane to methanol, the coupling reaction of methane to hydrocarbons and so on. Based on these examples the reaction's mechanism is analysed and the technology's application in future is predicated.