The core objective of this paper is to analyze the market prospects of battery electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles from a technical energetic and an economic point-of-view in a dynamic framework up to 2050 in comparison to conventional passenger cars. The major results and conclusions of this analysis are: From a technical point-of-view BEV and FCV are currently clearly preferable to conventional cars regarding ecological performance as well as energetic conversion efficiency. Yet, this applies only if the electricity respectively the hydrogen used in the cars is produced from RES. With respect to the economic competitiveness of alternative powertrains compared to conventional vehicles in the most favourable case BEV will enter the market by about 2025. FCV will become competitive even later, by about 2040. Keywordsbattery electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, technical performance, economics, technological learning


The invention provides a method for manufacturing high-performance neodymium-iron-boron by using sintered neodymium-iron-boron waste material. Crystal boundary improvement phase toss sheets are added during hydrogen explosion treatment; the ingredients of the toss sheets are (DyNdx)(CoyCuzFe)0.84, wherein x is 0.25-0.3, y is 10-20, and z is 2-4; the weight percentage for adding the toss sheets is 1-5%. DyH3 powder is added in a fine powder mixing process. The problems are solved that the oxygen content is high, the densification is low and the coercive force is low when recycled sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnets are directly used for preparing new magnets; the performance of neodymium-iron-boron magnets is improved.


We report a case of giant leiomyosarcoma developed in the retroperitoneal space. Patient is a 68 y/o male and he came to our hospital with the chief complaint of left upper quadrant mass. A child's head size of elastic hard mass was palpated in the left subcostal region. Under the diagnosis of the retroperitoneal tumor by the abdominal ultrasonography, CT scan, and angiography, the operation was carried out. The tumor, 2180gr., developed in the retroperitoneum was resected with the spleen and the pancreas body and tail. The metastasis to the other organ and lymphnodes was not recognized and pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 2 months later from the operation. The retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma is relatively rare disease, and about 90 cases have been reported. The prognosis is poor, because the symptoms appear so slowly that the patient does not come to the hospital until the mass can be palpated.


Confocal volume rendering is a recently described technique to perform segmentation-free rendering. It can be combined with other post-processing techniques to yield images with desirable features such as improved visualization of surface detail and reduced clipping of important anatomy. We show the first application (to our knowledge) of confocal volume rendering to imaging of the thorax. We demonstrate how confocal volume rendering can be used to reveal intrathoracic airways and lung masses.


Anne-Lise Halvorsen's A History of Elementary Social Studies: Romance and Reality is primarily a chronological retelling of how elementary social studies was created and how it has changed over one hundred years. Chapter one focuses on the nineteenth century subjects of history and geography, explaining both the content and the pedagogy of the pre-social studies era. Next, Halvorsen tackles the beginnings of social studies in the early twentieth century through exploring the societal and educational policies of the Progressive Era. In chapter three, she explains how social studies developed as a stand-alone interdisciplinary subject through the interwar years before focusing chapter four on how the expanding community's curriculum developed within elementary social studies. The penultimate chapter is about the many, varied curricula that developed in the early 40 s through the 50 s, 60 s, and 70 s. Finally, Halvorsen delves into the era post "A Nation at Risk" and concludes with future opportunities for social studies in the twenty-first century. In the first half of her book, Halvorsen focuses on both national and local responses to history, geography, and civics combining to develop into the interdisciplinary course of social studies. In chapters one through three, Halvorsen, similar to previous education historians (Evans, 2004; Kliebard, 2004, Thornton, 2008), relies on committee reports, published textbooks used in the classrooms, and the writings of educational scholars, such as John Dewey, G. Stanly Hall, and George Counts. The committee reports also frequently focus on secondary, not elementary. Therefore, Halvorsen interprets how these reports influenced elementary through examining social studies in a broader context. In order to examine how the committees', scholars', and textbook authors' ideas were implemented in the local school setting, Halvorsen also cites annual reports from major school districts (Detroit and Grand Rapids in each chapter, with brief mentions of Cleveland, Chicago Laboratory School, and San Antonio in the third chapter). The use of these reports helps to address the debate of ideals versus reality, which arises frequently in discussions about the history of social studies. Specifically, the committee reports, scholarly writings, and textbooks reveal how educators believed social studies should be, while the superintendent reports show the local school districts' interpretations of the curriculum designs for elementary social studies. While the superintendent reports go further than most sources in how local communities interpreted and implemented the suggested curriculum, these reports still do not reveal the everyday interpretations of the curriculum by elementary teachers. In the final chapters, Halvorsen's tone changes slightly. For example in chapter four, instead of concentrating on the theories behind social studies in which many people contributed, she begins to explore the work of one man, Paul Robert Hanna, who is credited with developing and publishing the dominant elementary social studies curriculum, expanding communities. Halvorsen defines this approach as, "A series of ever-expanding concentric circles in which kindergartners study themselves, first graders study their home and school, second graders study their neighborhood or local community, third graders study their city or region, fourth graders study their state, and fifth graders study their country" (p. 3). Most of chapter four is devoted to explaining how this curriculum spread and how it did not completely fulfill the ideals outlined in chapters two and three of what social studies should be. Similarly, chapters five and six also do not focus as much on the local interpretations of the published theories. Instead, Halvorsen spends much of these final two chapters offering brief summaries of the plethora of social studies programs and curricula developed between the 1940s and early 2000s. She discusses why these curricula were developed and whether they have faded from use or still have an impact on elementary social studies. She notes that expanding communities is still the predominant curriculum in elementary schools even though there have been many proposed alternatives. In addition to detailing the history of elementary social studies, Halvorsen also has three stated goals for this book: "to place social studies education, the most comprehensive and long-lasting reform effort of the Progressive Era, in its historical context;" "to call attention to the gap between theory and practice in elementary social studies education;" and finally, "to raise awareness of the endangered position of social studies in the U.S. elementary schools," (p. 5). These goals are all met but in different ways and levels of success. In order to put the origins of social studies into its historical context within the Progressive Era, Halvorsen explains how social studies developed at a time when the New Historians and Child-Centered Progressives were attempting to redefine


. In this paper by using Ros's method we prove the following result which has been obtained by Tani M. [1]: An n-dimensional $(n\geq 3)$ compact conformally flat manifold with positive Ricci curvature and constant scalar curvature must be of constant sectional curvature.


The local fresh garlic as test materials was studied the effect of fresh garlic in different plastic wraps at(0 ±0.5)℃.Experimental results of respiration,weight loss rate,sugar content,total sugar content,V C,hardness,crude fiber,and the structure of cells indicated that:0.03mm PVC plastic wrap could slow down effectively respiration,reduce the changes of weight loss rate,sugar content,total sugar content,V C,hardness,crude fiber.In addition,the structure of cells was complete,and there was no obviously collapse,and kept the flavor quality of fresh garlic better,then achieved the preservation effect.


Objective To study the changes of interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-6,Ⅱ8 in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). Methods The serum of IL 4,IL-6, IL-8 in 35 ITP patients and 20 normal control children were detected by enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay. Results The serum IL-4,IL-6,IL-8 in ITP patients were elevated. There were significant difference between ITP group and control group(P<0.05, P<0.01, P< 0.01, respectively). Conclusion Interleukin maybe take part in the etiology of ITP.


The first tanker carrying oil from the Peschano-Ozero (Sandy Lake) field on Kolguyev Island in the Barents Sea sailed on August 14, 1987, bound for Kandalaksha on the Kola Peninsula. This marks the beginning of commercial operations after several years of exploratory drilling on the island. The first shipload comprised 2500 tons, and this year the deposit is expected to yield a total of 100,000 tons. As a result, several more ships are expected to join the operation shortly. There are now 35 production wells in the area, of which 15 yield very high-quality oil. It is being shipped on from Kandalaksha by rail to the Kirishi refinery, near Leningrad. By 1990 the island is expected to yield 500,000 tons annually. Currently, the ships are loaded from an underwater pipeline which extends out 4 kilometers from the shore. The production potential of the Barents Sea remains an important consideration in Soviet energy plans.


The mathematical model and working modes of the three-phase two-arm three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier were analyzed, and a novel dual single-input single-output (SISO) model based on α-β stationary reference frame was proposed, in which the α-axis and β-axis equivalent model are shown to be similar to two traditional single-phase boost converters. Switching strategies were analyzed to determine switching control signals in a switching period based on space vector modulation. The model makes it much easier to analyze a complex three-phase three-level PWM rectifier and to implement by the digital signal processor (DSP). The simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the three-phase two-arm three-level PWM rectifier and the dual SISO control strategy.


This study aimed to evaluate the oviposition preferences of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) for unripe apple fruits. Fruits were evaluated in the "J" state (30 days after the full bloom) of the Royal Gala, Fuji Supreme, and Catarina varieties and of the M-11/00 selection, collected in an organic apple orchard at EPAGRI Experimental Station in Calador, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Two hundred fruits of each genotype were collected. From 100 of the fruits, 48 were separated and standardized by diameter and mass. In the laboratory, in a free choice arena, a fruit of each genotype was offered simultaneously to a female ofA. fraterculus and inspection, puncture, and ovipositor dragging behaviors were observed for 15 minutes. Punctured fruits were kept in plastic containers containing sand for pupae registration. To verify the inspection and puncture preferences ofA. fraterculus , the 100 remaining fruits were used for physicochemical analyses, including: titratable acidity, total soluble solids, pulp firmness, starch index, and epidermal background color. The most frequently observed behavioral category was inspection (100%). More punctures by A. fraterculus females were seen in the Royal Gala and Catarina varieties; however, larval development was not observed in any genotype. No differences were observed between genotypes in mean values of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, or epidermal background color. Thus, the physicochemical characteristics observed did not influence preference for apple genotypes inA. fraterculus.


Patterson ('13), in his classical study of the early embryology of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus qzovcnaciizctus nzexicanus, Peters), described the general morphology o i the uterus of this extraordinary mammal. EIamlett ('35) described the gross uterine changes which accompany implantation. Newfang ('47) has briefly considered the embryology of the uterus of the armadillo. The present histological study was undcrtaken as a par t of the investigation of the dclay of implantation being 0 conducted in this laboratory. I t is felt that this information will permit some conclusions concerning the relationship of the endometrium to blastocyst implantation. Additionally, it will provide an index of normality against which to compare the effccts of hormone administration.


Most abnormal hemoglobins do not cause clinical prolems but some can give rise to mildthalassemia syndrome, or cause problems in assosiation with thalassemia. Prevalence of most abnormalhemoglobins are rare except for hemoglobin E and hemoglobin Constant Spring which arecommon and vary by regions. In all, 2,404 blood samples collected from October 2005 to September2006 were analysed for hemoglobin typing at Regional Medical Sciences Centre Chiang Mai.1233 (51.3%), 499 (20.8%) and 672 (27.9%) cases were form hospitals in Chiang Mai, Lumphunand Mae Hong Son provinces respectively. The results showed that the overall incidence of abnormalhemoglobins was 19.5 percent which were classified as follows : hemoglobin E 16.4 percent,hemoglobin Constant Spring 2.3 percent, hemoglobin Hope 0.67 percent, hemoglobin Tak 0.04percent and hemoglobin Q Thailand 0.04 percent. The prevalence of hemoglobin E in Chiang Mai,Lumphun and Mae Hong Son provinces were 18.6 percent, 16.6 percent and 12.4 percent respectively.Thus the prevalence of hemoglobin Constant Spring were 2.9 percent, 1.6 percent and 1.6percent respectively. The data should be useful in planning, preventing and control of thalassemiaand particularly provision of relevant counselling.Key words: thalassemia, abnormal hemoglobins, prevalence


Hexapods, also known as parallel kinematic machines or Stewart platforms (see Figure 1a and 1b), have no moving cables, increased dynamic response, smaller moving mass, better Z stiffness, and smaller size compared to serial kinematic systems making them the accepted six axis motion system for precision applications [1,2,3,4]. As precision motion requirements increase from the 10's of micrometers to the nanometer level, existing hexapods cannot meet motion system requirements due to performance limitations inherent in existing designs. A new six degrees of freedom hybrid parallel and serial kinematic design (see Figure 1c) is presented that addresses the performance limitations of hexapods and achieves sub-micron accuracy, repeatability and straightness as required for advancements in optical, semiconductor, manufacturing, metrology, and micro-machining industries. (a) (b) (c) Figure 1: 6 DOF motion systems: a) ALIO HR2 hexapod, b) example of a six axis parallel kinematic layout, and c) hybrid parallel and serial XYTripod-Theta system. 1 Hexapod Limitations Hexapods have six links joined together moving a common platform and thus the motion error of the platform will be a function of the errors of all links and joints. Hexapods are known to have optimum accuracy, repeatability, and path integrity when performing Z axis moves because all links perform the same motion at the same link angle. When any other X, Y, pitch, yaw, or roll motion is commanded, accuracy and geometric path performance of the hexapod degrades because all links Proceedings of the 13 th euspen International Conference – Berlin – May 2013 are performing different motions [5]. Additionally, hexapods are marketed as having good stiffness compared to serial stacked multi-axis systems [2,3,4,5]. However it is only the Z (vertical) stiffness that is acceptable. Stiffness has a large impact on platform repeatability and rigidity and thus the relatively weak XY stiffness, which is 10-30 times less than Z stiffness (Table 1), negatively affects XY axis performance. Lastly while there are documented compensation methods to reduce error sources, they do not improve performance to the sub-micron level. 2 Design Summary: Hybrid 6 DOF System The presented hybrid parallel and serial kinematic system is designed to address and minimize link and system error sources to achieve nanometer order performance. The system is a serial stack of an XY stage, a redesigned parallel kinematic tripod (Z, pitch, and roll), and a rotation (yaw) stage, see Figure 1c. The tripod includes a new link design with precision linear crossed-roller bearings, non-contact optical linear encoders, and brushless linear servo motors oriented along the link axis. This design eliminates backlash, micrometer screw pitch errors, and error sources from rotary encoders. Near frictionless pneumatic or magnetic counterbalances in each link maintain high payload capabilities. This redesigned tripod is joined with XY and rotary stages that provide optimized performance for XY and yaw motions. In this hybrid concept, individual axes can be customized to provide travel ranges ranging from millimeters to over one meter and still maintain nanometer levels of precision. The following sections describe the improvements of this hybrid structure in reference to the specific performance capabilities. 2.1 Linear Displacement Accuracy and Repeatability Hexapod linear accuracy is limited to micron order performance that varies greatly throughout its range of travel. The hybrid six DOF system pairs the optimized Z axis performance of a parallel kinematic tripod with an XY stage calibrated to have sub-micron accuracy and straightness performance. XY error sources are reduced relative to the hexapod resulting in accuracy error less than +/2um in Z and less than +/1 um in X and Y. The repeatability of a hexapod depends on the repeatability in three dimensional space of all six links while the hybrid design's Proceedings of the 13 th euspen International Conference – Berlin – May 2013 improved links combined with high precision serial stages enables repeatability below +/50nm. -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -100 -50 0 50 100 L IN E A R D IS P LA C E M E N T A C C U R A C Y E R R O R ( u m ) TRAVEL (MILLIMETERS) XYZ AXIS LINEAR ACCURACY X Axis Y Axis Z Axis 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 0 4 8 12 16 20 P O S IT IO N (N A N O M E T E R S ) CYCLE XYZ REPEATABILTY X Axis Y Axis Z Axis (a) (b) Figure 2. The X, Y, and Z linear accuracy (a) and repeatability (b) of the hybrid six DOF system, model AI-6D-300XY-106Z-104R, tested per ASME B5.54:2005. Note: In plot (b) axis repeatability data is offset vertically for clear visualization. 2.2 Motion Trajectory: Straightness Hexapod straightness of travel is often not quantified by manufacturers because it can be greater than 100um/100mm travel, which is the result of parasitic errors from all six links. With a precision XY stage the link error sources affecting path integrity are reduced to error sources from two XY axes for which the performance can be tightly controlled. Hybrid system straightness is less then +/-2um/100mm of linear travel, which is two orders of magnitude better than typical hexapods, see Figure 3.


There is a growing concern by the public that schools are not preparing their students to think critically. This is exemplified by the numerous articles appearing in newspapers and in magazines. It appears to be the contention of many parents that the primary goal of learning is the retention of factual information. THE RESURRECTION OF COMPREHENSION QUESTIONSl Gloria T. Mann MONTVALE, .NEW JERSEY, PUBLIC SCHOOLS There is a growing concern by the public that schools are not preparing their students to think critically. This is exemplified by the numerous articles appearing in newspapers and in magazines. It appears to be the contention of many parents that the primary goal of learning is the retention of factual information. Some teachers, in various school systems visited by the writer, have likewise found, with increasing frequency, that many of their students respond merely with factual information to questions asked of them. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are: (1) the design of the comprehension questions presented to the student, (2) the emphasis that students respond to questions in a concise manner, and (3) the unwillingness or inability of the student either to elaborate or to respond in a manner that will promote meaningful discussions. Teachers, therefore, should not stop at the response that provides only factual information. They must lead their students to responses which require higher levels of thinking. The comprehension questions accompanying a number of commercially available reading materials appear to have been designed merely to test the degree of competency of a student in some specific or isolated skill. Should the responses of a student to these comprehension questions be used for diagnostic purposes, then, in the writer's experiences, this may result in: ( 1) the teaching of each specific skill in isolation (2) the student's believing that there is little inter-relationship of comprehension skills. PURPOSE' The purpose of this paper is to present and to discuss one set of comprehension questions found in A Teacher's Guide To Accompany T he Macmillan Readingtime Books (4). This particular guide is not commeroially available. It was prepared by the writer and has been in use, since 1971, in the developmental reading program of the Montvale, New Jersey Public Schools. 1 The author wishes to acknowledge the continuous encouragement and aid given to her by Dr. Charles Gervase, Reading and Language Arts Center, Central Connecticut State College.


Influencing others by using harsh tactics is more likely to violate justice norms than influencing by using soft tactics. Therefore, powerholders are supposed to enhance the self and devalue the targets more to justify harsh influence tactics. These social re-evaluations should also be more likely after influencing with tactics that are incongruent with the powerholders' power base (e.g. harsh tactics based on expert power or soft tactics based on position power). In two experiments with 61 interacting groups, one person in each group was presented as having expert versus position power and instructed to influence by using harsh versus by soft tactics. As expected, powerholders who influenced by harsh versus soft tactics enhanced self-evaluation (experiment 1) and reduced target evaluation (experiment 2), and powerholders who influenced by incongruent tactics enhanced self-evaluation (both experiments).


The urgency of improving user experience has reached a critical point in the high-speed rail environment. However, there is little literature considering authentication failure problems in the high-speed rail environment. In this paper, we present a new authentication architecture for Taiwan High-Speed Rail (THSR). This new authentication architecture applies Software-Defined Network (SDN)- based principles to an outbound LTE gateway platform. We propose a post-authentication method suitable for the high-speed mobile environment, such as THSR. The proposed architecture and successful authentication ratio method can improve user experience via authentication and network access latency relative to the existing system.


State apparatus removes public displays of opposition from the political sphere so that the nature of social kinetics (stability) becomes maintained. Unexpectedly though, collective actions in Egypt, Iran and Turkey indicated atoms of social kinetics may be set in motion upon an impact from deep within the social strata. Conditions of a social equilibrium are likely to be challenged by protest actions. As theseare progressively constituted and mediated in digital networks, classical leadership or vanguard figures mutates into new forms. This breeds new pioneers whom I refer to as unwitting leaders . As individual cases showed in Egypt, Iran and Turkey, these leaders inadvertantly rise to prominence despite disclaiming leadership. As a downside, dissidents (political activists) are subjected to state violence which relies on reinforcement or suspension of laws; their patientia is tested . Normal 0 21 false false false ES-MX X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Based on previous work showing that sex is a "diffuse status cue" the hypothesis that women smile more than men because of status differences between the sexes was evaluated Status was manipulated by assigning men and women to the roles of interviewer (high power) or applicant (low power) in simulated job interviews with either male or female partners. As predicted, overall, applicants smiled more than interviewers, demonstrating that smiling does reflect status. However, the sex composition of the pairs also influenced smiling frequency. Male interviewers smiled significantly less than their applicant partners, whereas female interviewers did not. The results suggest that, compared with females, males may more readily experience power and dominance as concomitants of high-status roles, which may then be reflected in the frequency of their smiling. keywords:Smile, women, men, job, social life In the early years, Chelsea Thomas was a happy and normal child without any problem. Chelsea was born with Möbius syndrome is missing the nerve which transmits the information from the brain to the facial muscles. Consequentlythe little girl always have a look insufferably, unhappy. She do not show no expression as she looked at her favorite show or she was meeting with her friends. In 1996, Chelsea has undergone several medical procedures, the surgeons making transplanted her muscles on both sides of the mouth, and today the little girl can finally, to do what the most people have of themselves: to smile. Temple Grandin is a biologist whose empathic understanding of the animals in the suffering gave him the opportunity to do research and improve certain conditions for livestock in the United States. She have successful in scientific community, she is also a talented writer ... but she is suffering from a particular form of autism. T. Grandin has observed that her emotions are different from others: it may feel the pain of the animals, but she can not feel the pain of people. She do not know what signifying a romantic love; Shee was not impressed by sunrise. Being incapable to feel her emotions, she can not read the emotions of others. The cases like these, of persons who are suffering from emotional problems and illustrates the importance of the emotions and the ability to express them. The emotions are the heart and the soul of the human experience. If you are not nervous, you do not you'll never problems with an exam, an interview, or the first date. But ... you'll never understand the magic of music. You will never understand the pain of losing someone you love, not because you do not know what means sorrow, but do not know what means love. You do not ever laugh because you do not ever seem to you something funny. But we are talking at the same time, and other emotions: anger, jealousy, shame, guilt, grief or unrequited love. THE PARADOX of emotions is that we can not live with them, but we can not live without them.For a very long period, the emotion was viewed as the opposite of thought. The heart (the emotion) pushes you to go in one direction, while the head (reason) shows you the opposite route. The difference between thinking and feeling has aroused many debates in the history of science. The emotions and the cognitions they are two separate processes in conflict, or they are inextricably linked? We can to control the emotions, or these control us? The thinking is always rational and the the emotion is irrational? The psychologists made considerable efforts to try to respond to these questions. They have investigated the role of emotions in every area of social life: motivation, stress, moral development, personality traits, decision making, reasoning, mental disorders, prejudice, perception (Wade and Travis, 1998). They observed the whole experience of emotions involves three influences: physiological changes of the face and the body, cognitive processes (interpretation of the events) and the culture the experience and expressing emotions. The human emotions can be compared to a tree: the biological capacity are root and stem _; the thinking and the explanations create the branches, while the culture is the gardener who takes care of the tree and try to cultivate and others obtaining the seeds from the first. And yet, the smile is a universal sign of the friendship and the approving (Rathus, 1999, 419). The Role Of Smile In Social Life DOI: 10.9790/0837-2109056167 www.iosrjournals.org 62 | Page I. THE SIDE OF EMOTIONS The most obvious place for the expressing of emotions is the face. There are some facial characteristic facial expression accompanying the anger, the fear, erotic arousal or other passions _ _, wrote Aristotle. Later centuries, Charles Darwin, in his classic work "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" 1872 emphasize that some of the facial expression like the smile, the frown, the grimaces, harsh looking consequence represents the consequence of ontogenesis. Such expressions have evolved and because they allowed of our ancestors to distinguish betwwen a friendly stranger and hostile one. For more than 30 years, Paul Eckman and his collaborators have gathered information on the universality of seven basic facial expression of emotions: the anger, the happiness, the fear, the surprise, the disgustthe sadness and the contempt (Ekman, 1994; Ekman and Heider, 1988 by Wade and Travis, 1998, 387, Ekman et al., 1987). In all cultures which they have studied Brazil, Chile, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, New Guinea, Scotland, Sumatra, Turkey and the United States the great majority of interviewees have recognized the emotional expressions showing the others subjects from other cultures. And even members of some isolated tribes who have never seen a movie or have not read a magazine (Fore from New Guinea or Minangkabau from the west of Sumatra ) they could recognize the emotions expressed in at photos of some persons totally unknown.These conclusions do not mean that any person within of a company can recognize the same phrases in all situations. Paul Ekman (1994) formulated the neurocultural theory to emphasize two factors involved in the facial expression: • a universal neurophysiology of facial muscles associated with certain emotions; • the cultural particular variations in the expressing of emotions. Thus while most individuals from most cultures can recognize the basic emotions sometimes a minority fails this working. Into a meta-analysis for the 20 studies conducted in the the western cultures, for example, 95 percent of subjects have recognized the happy faces, but only to 78 percent have recognized the expression of sadness and anger; another meta-analysis of 11 studies made in other cultures, 88 have recognized the happy faceswhile only 74 percent have recognized the sadness and only 59 percent the anger (Ekman, 1994). Of course, not always we express our emotions or feelings. Not always we react when we are angry. We can feel anxiety or tension, but showing a smiling face. Paul Ekman and his collaborators have created a _ _ (Facial Action Coding System The FACS) this system allows the researchers to analyze and identify each of the nearly 80 facial muscles, as the muscle combinations that are associated emotions. When people 's trying to hide their true emotion laid, they use other muscle groups. For example, a genuine smile lasts only two seconds, a fake smile lasts at least 10 seconds (Ekman, 1994; Ekman, Friesen and O'Sullivan, 1988). The facial expressions serve two purposes: it expresses the states inner and helps us to communicate with each other. This communication begins in early the newborn stage the expressions of anger, happiness or disgust are visible for all parents (Izard, 1994b; Stenberg and Campos, 1990). All mothers, no matter where they are USA, Germany, Greece, Japan "contaminate" their babies with joy good humor by appearing with a happy expression (Keating, 1994). From the first year of life, the children begin to change their behavior by observing their parents emotions and reactions, and this capability has the adaptive worth and survival. The facial expressions can help the people to communicate with themselves, being the able to recognize their own emotions. As outlined by William James, we are not frowning because we are angry, sometimes we feel angry because we frowning because we are angry. In the feed-back facial, facial muscles send to the brain a message about basic emotions that must expressed (Izard, 1990; Tomkius, 1981). When the individuals are asked to contract the muscles of the face in different ways, often they claim that they have changed the pattern emotions of the of facial muscles. A young man described: "The moment when the jaw was clenched and the forehead frowned, I tried to be not angry, but I failed. My emotions have begun to change in depending on how I contracted the edges "(Laird, 1974). And even of voluntary facial expression influences the nervous system. If "put" an angry face, the heartbeat will be faster compared to the situation in which "put" a happy face (Levenson, Ekman and Friesen, 1990). When the individuals are told the _ to contracts facial muscles involved to smile (but are not trained to smile) and then are asked to look at a cartoon, they will appreciate the film as compared to the situation a lot more fun when they contract the muscles in a way incompatible with a smile (Strack, Martin and Stepper, 1988). Some researchers (Carrol and Russell, 1996) Paul Ekman contradicted the assumption that basic facial expression has universal significance: the interpretation of any expressionargue the two researchers is not automatic: it depends on the context in which it is observed the respective emotional expression. Some research has shown that the facial expressions can or can not correspond to our inner states and that they first appear to signal our intentions towards another person (Fridlund, 1994). Whe


The invention relates to a device for storing and applying especially dental material. The inventive device comprises a first zone comprising a first and a second film that define at least one first chamber that receives a first substance, and a pouch separated from the chamber for withdrawing the first substance. The separation between the pouch and the first chamber is provided with a through opening that can be selectively opened. The device further comprises a second zone with a second chamber that is not linked with the first section by way of a through opening that can be selectively opened.


Petasites japonicus (PJ) has been used traditionally as the treatment or the prophylaxis of migraine and tension headache in Asia. In the present study, to we compared the characteristics of PJ powder and extracts obtained by various methods utilize the PJ as a functional material. PJ powder by freeze-drying possessed 6.61% water content, 4.51% crude fat, 23.75% crude protein, 18.62% crude ash, 46.97% carbohydrates, and crude fiber 39.22%. It contained a particularly high potassium content in mineral. Among different extraction methods, extracts of 50% (PJ-50E) or 70% ethanol (PJ-70E) showed the highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, while cold-water extraction (PJ-WE) showed the lowest. However, when the α-glucosidase inhibitory were analyzed, PJ-WE was highest while the treatment extracted ethanol were not active at all. In anti-inflammatory activity by RAW 264.7 and HaCaT cells, PJ-WE showed significantly higher inhibitory activity in comparison to those of the other extract. In conclusion, it is considered that the water-extraction method is better than other extraction methods for practical preparation of functional materials with high α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities from PJ.


In order to prevent the converter damage on the rotor side caused by the short circuit current,the crowbar protection circuit is installed in the VSCF doubly fed wind power generator.The corresponding mathematical model of the short-circuit fault in the electromagnetic transient process is established.Through laplace transformation and its inverse-transformation to deduce the analytic expression of the short-circuit current.The resistance value of the crowbar protection is tuned and analyzed under the maximum circuit values in the worst situation.In order to show the accuracy of the tuning resistance,take three power types,which are 3 MW,2.75 MW,660 kW,as example to analyze.The simulation results show that the proposed analytical method could increase the tuning accuracy of shunt resistance in crowbar circuit,thus the crowbar circuit could not only protect the rotor side converter,but also has the protection function on the generator and mechanical structure.


Over the last 10 years our Army has proven itself in some of the most difficult environments it has ever faced. Our leaders at every level have displayed unparalleled ingenuity, flexibility, and commitment. Our Soldiers have displayed mental and physical toughness and courage under fire. Our Department of the Army civilians have enabled our Soldiers in unprecedented fashion. Together, they have transformed the Army into the most versatile, agile, rapidly deployable, and sustainable strategic land force in the world. They have, in short, proven our Army again to be the Nation's force of decisive action. In this time of transition, committed as we are to seeing our current conflicts through to successful conclusion for our Nation, conscious of the diversity of threats the future security environment will likely hold, and well aware of the fiscal challenges our Nation now confronts, it is entirely appropriate that we pause to take stock of our Profession of Arms. It is our professional character that has been the foundation of our strength and the basis of our success. As we look to an uncertain future, the Profession of Arms campaign is welcomed in its promise to deepen our understanding of ourselves and our sacred obligation to our Nation, our Army, and our American Soldiers. The current volume provides an excellent account of the attributes, characteristics, and qualities that have sustained our profession, allowed it to endure during periods of hardship, and hold the promise for its future strength. As you read this special edition, you will note many important points, but I want to direct your attention to what I believe is their common thread and what is rightly the sine qua non of our Profession of Arms: Trust. Trust is earned, not given, and is gained and maintained through deeds, not words. It is an implicit bond between individuals, organizations, the institution, and the Nation. It extends laterally and vertically, and it is two-way. Trust is also paramount to leadership regardless of one's leadership style, the operational environment, or the mission. Trust allows us to have a strong, respected profession. In other words, without trust we do not have a profession. Inherent trust enables empowerment, forges exacting individual and collective standards, and guides our leader development. It is the basis of our character as Soldiers and drives behavior in congruence with our Army values. As remarked by former Chief of Staff, General Creighton Abrams, "While we are guarding the country, we must accept being the guardian of the finest ethics; the country needs it and we must do it." Our mutual trust comes in several forms-trust between Soldiers and their fellow Soldiers, trust between Soldiers and their leaders, trust between the Army and Soldiers, and trust between our Army and the American people. Trust: Between Soldiers Forged in mutual privation and shared experience, the foundational trust between Soldiers has been an essential component of armies as far back as history can reach. Soldiers unconditionally trust each other with their lives. As they go into battle, they know that their flanks are covered at all times by their brothers and sisters. It is a universal trust extended to all that wear the military uniform, and allows Soldiers to focus on the mission. Trust between Soldiers is the very essence of our Warrior Ethos, an enduring bond of the American Army. Far from diminishing this bond, today's decentralized operating environment makes it ever more important. It is right that our Profession of Arms Campaign pays careful attention to this very human aspect of our profession. As General Franks so aptly points out in this volume, the professional military ethic is founded on a shared understanding of the norms and values of our profession. But of what does this shared understanding and common bond between Soldiers consist? First, we expect our Soldiers at all ranks to master the unique professional expertise required to perform their duties. …


As 1 Henry IV opens, the King and his entourage receive reports of two battles: in the west, Mortimer has been defeated by Glendower; in the north, Hotspur has been victorious over the Douglas. This virtually simultaneous victory and defeat both validates and undermines the legitimacy of Henry's ruling by Divine Right. Moreover, the manner in which these reports are presented to the court suggests that Henry, the consummate politician, has orchestrated the scene. He has Westmoreland tell of Mortimer's defeat, thereby consigning the defeat to an underling; Henry then announces Hotspur's success, thus by association attributing this victory to himself. Additionally, Shakespeare problematizes the episode by implying that in a sense the victory was a defeat and the defeat a victory. The last thing Henry needs is for Hotspur, of the contentious and soon to be openly rebellious Percy clan, to heighten his reputation as a warrior via his victory over the Scots. Conversely, Mortimer is Henry's most significant rival for the crown, and his being defeated and captured by the Welsh both tarnishes his claim to the throne and removes him as a challenger to Henry for the kingship. Indeed, Henry may have placed the ineffectual Mortimer in charge of his forces with the hope that Mortimer would not only be defeated but killed. This constitutes a motif anticipating the battle at Shrewsbury which concludes the play: Hal gives Falstaff a charge of foot, perhaps taking more seriously than he pretends Falstaff's assertion that walking a great distance will be the death of him, and Henry gives Hal a prominent position in the battle at least arguably with the hope that Hal will be killed; his position as heir apparent would consequently descend to his more respected and tractable brother John. In any case, the conflation of victory and defeat, of the battle's being lost and won, tempers any enthusiasm regarding the Lancastrian victory at Shrewsbury. This also anticipates the latter part of 2 Henry IV, in which the reporting of Lancastrian victories over Glendower and Scroop coincides with, and perhaps metaphorically precipitates, Henry IV's death. Consequently, Shakespeare implies that in the topsy-turvy world of Lancastrian rule, battles are not lost or won, but rather lost and won, every defeat bearing the potential for political gain and, more importantly, every victory constituting in some sense a defeat.


A high frequency (HF) electrical model for low voltage multipole DC motors is derived from their geometric and physical properties. It provides sufficient detail to simulate the motor's complex impedance up to a frequency of approximately 1 GHz. In addition, it provides expressions to calculate the elements of the model from construction parameters, and illustrates their influence on the impedance.


Magnetizations of the triangular antiferromagnets RbFeCl 3 and RbFeBr 3 are measured in pulsed high magnetic fields up to 40T at liquid 4 He temperatures. In the case of RbFeCl 3 , the magnetization is found to increase almost linearly from the zero field, and to be flattened at some critical field of 14T. Further application of magnetic fields induces an anomalous double-step magnetization around 31T. The phenomenon is similar to the one which was found in CsFeCl 3 at some higher magnetic field, but noteworthy is the existence of a fine structure in the anomalous magnetization of RbFeCl 3 . The anomaly has thus far not been observed for RbFeBr 3 in the measured magnetic fields up to 85T.


The invention provides a glass slide with a hole. The glass slide comprises an upper slide piece and a lower slide piece, and both the lower surface of the upper slide piece and the upper surface of the lower slide piece adopt plane structures and are connected in an up-down airtight manner. A through hole is formed in the upper slide piece, penetrates through the upper slide piece from the upper surface of the upper slide piece to the upper surface of the lower slide piece and forms a groove with the upper surface of the lower slide piece. Compared with an existing concave glass slide, the glass slide with the hole has the advantages that the groove of the glass slide with the hole is simple to manufacture, the bottom surface adopts the plane structure, the problems that concave surfaces of the existing concave glass slides are difficult to machine and the bottoms of the concave surfaces are not uniform are solved, and the reduction of detection errors and the improvement on the detection accuracy are facilitated. Therefore, the glass slide is practical and effective and can be widely applied to the fields of biology, medicine, chemistry and the like.


The use of two cameras in close range stereophotography is demonstrated to yield area extensive elevations of short gravity waves in the ocean. Automatic digital stereo-correlation techniques are found to be as accurate, and more cost effective compared to the manual correlation techniques. The use of automatic computational techniques allows processing large numbers of stereo photographs to achieve statistical reliability in measuring surface waves. Two-dimensional wave number spectra are obtained with degrees of freedom in excess of 100. The omni -directional -3 5 spectral levels are found to have k . distribution in the short gravity wave range, where k is the wave number, and to be wind-speed dependent.


Incentives for the full-time counselors in colleges and universities have made some achievements. At present,material incentive mechanism towards the full-time college counselors have not received enough emphasis. The promotion mechanism has never reached what it should be like,the evaluation mechanism is inefficient,emotional communication and personnel competence need improving. To solve these problems,firstly,we suggest that it is important to establish an fair and impartial incentive mechanism for full-time counselors; secondly,we should establish good interactive communication platform for colleges and universities; thirdly,we should advocate college full-time counselors planning their career so as to realize their value; and finally,it is essential to create a harmonious environment for full-time counselors and realize the humanistic care.


New Midwives Rules (NMC, 2004), came into force on 1 August 2004. The new Rules were drawn up under the Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001 (SI 2002/253) and in particular Articles 42 and 43 on the Rules as to midwifery practice and the local supervision of midwives. At the same time the NMC has replaced the Midwives code of practice with standards and guidance on the Rules.


Utrafine Al(2)O(3) powder former body was prepared by sol-gel heat and supercritical fluid drying methods from cheap inorganic salts.The ultrafine powder was then characterized in terms of XRD and TEM techniques.The result shows that the method can yield white,well-dispersed ultrafine .γ.-AlOOH powder.


A time-interleaved duobinary transmitter featuring four-way data retiming and a simplified latch + D flip-flop topology to improve the power efficiency and opening of the data eye is reported. A modified bridged shunt-peaking load using a grounded active inductor is also introduced to enhance the operational speed area efficiently. Finally, the two multiplexers, serving directly as the output driver, are summed in the current domain to avoid an extra adder. The prototype exhibits a figure-of-merit of 1.44 mW/Gb/s at 27 Gb/s, and the die area is merely 0.027 mm2 in 65-nm CMOS.


Investigations were carried out to assess the defence mechanism in tomato treated with a talc based formulation of a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Application of a talc based preparation of P. fluorescens as seed treatment at 10g/kg seed combined with soil application at 10 g/m2 reduced root-knot nematode incidence and promoted plant growth. The bacterized plants were greener with more chlorophyll content and exhibited high accumulation of phenols, lignin and proline that might have contributed to reduced nematode invasion, allowing sufficient time for the host to build up defence mechanisms to restrict the nematode infestation.


![Figure][1]

A bugling wapiti. Photo credit: Roland Frey.

For a majestic animal that looks equally at home as the monarch of the glen or astride the great American Plains, the wapiti's call is somewhat disconcerting. Sounding more like the shrieking cries of a Ringwraith from the Lord of


Abstract—In this study, lipase production has been investigated using submerge fermentation by Aspergillus niger in Kilka fish oil as main substrate. The Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array design was used to investigate the effect of parameters and their levels on lipase productivity. The optimum conditions for Kilka fish oil concentration, incubation temperature and pH were obtained 3 gr./ml 35°C and 7, respectively. The amount of lipase activity in optimum condition was obtained 4.59IU/ml. By comparing this amount with the amount of productivity in the olive oil medium based on the cost of each medium, it was that using Kilka fish oil is 84% economical. Therefore Kilka fish oil can be used as an economical and suitable substrate in the lipase production and industrial usages.


Articulatory patterns of the lateral approximant /l/, both dark and light allophones, in American English were analyzed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electropalatography (EPG). Vocal tract lengths, area, functions, and cavity volumes, were measured from the MR images, while EPG data were used for studying inter- and intra-speaker variabilities in lingua palatal contact patterns. Acoustic modeling was based on the MRI derived vocal tract area functions and the acoustic spectra of these sounds. Acoustic modeling utilized the analog circuit simulator HSPICE.


This paper presents a hybrid method for determination of continuous dielectric properties of clothing materials. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of three types of materials are firstly investigated using open-ended coaxial probe from 0.5 to 20 GHz. The average measured values are input into the CST simulation of two CPW lines to obtain the two-port S-parameters. Finally, more reasonable yet reliable results are obtained by using two retrieval algorithms (TRACE and ABCD) for validation and comparative purposes.


Adaptive learning has proved to be an advanced educational method applicable to a variety of educational and training models to increase the efficiency and effectiveness in teaching and learning. The idea behind adaptive learning is the use of computer-based interactive systems fully capable of automatically adapting the presentation of learning content and material according to the learners' responses and progress when interacting with the systems. With English becoming increasingly important in the world today as an international language, it has been questioned as to whether adaptive learning can be utilized to facilitate the learning of English as a second language in non-English-speaking countries. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a framework that uses perturbation learner model in designing an adaptive system.


For the problem of low accuracy by the traditional K-means clustering algorithm to segment noised brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. This paper proposed an improved K-means algorithm. The traditional K-means algorithm only considers the brain image gray value itself, ignoring the relationship between pixels. Due to the characteristics of brain MRI image adjacent pixels most likely belonging to the same class, this paper adopts average value of small neighborhood of each image pixel and image gray value to compose a new sample point, in order to reduce the impact of noise on the clustering accuracy. Experimental results show that the improved K-means algorithm can effectively improve the segmentation accuracy of the noised brain MRI image.


In the judiciary the Judicial State Administration plays a more active role in the trial process in order to obtain material truth. The activist of the judge is intended to compensate for the unequal position of the parties, namely the Defendant is an entity or official of the State administration and the Plaintiff is an individual or civil legal entity. In this research there are two main problems, namely (1) how is the Procedure for Making a Gathering in the State Administrative Court? (2) How is the application of the principle of active judge (dominus litis) in the stage of proof at the trial? The research method used is normative legal research with a legal approach.


Background: Diabetes mellitus is a widespread serious metabolic disease with both short and long-term complications. Leptin is a polypeptide hormone, exclusively secreted from adipose tissue and its level is directly proportional to the amount of body fat. There was growing evidence that leptin level has an impact on insulin sensitivity, so this study aims to demonstrate the relationship between total plasma leptin concentrations with glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose levels, and body mass index in diabetic children. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the Najran University Hospital and included 133 type 1 diabetic children and 71 healthy controls in the same age group. In this due, plasma fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, and leptin were analyzed. Results: Significantly higher values of leptin in the diabetic group were seen in our study. In addition, leptin showed nonsignificant positive correlations with FBG in diabetic children (r=0.110, p=0.359). While, it revealed positive significant correlations with HA1c and BMI (r=0.245, p=0.005 and r=0.393, p<0.001 respectively) and a non-significant positive correlation with age (r=0.64 and p=0.593). Conclusions: Our results displayed that leptin in children with type 1 diabetes was significantly greater than what was seen in the normoglycemic control group. Moreover, leptin was correlated with HbA1c and BMI and this may explain the insulin implication in the secretion of leptin.


The problem of the variety of degrees and Extremadura in Spain concerning the different kinds of existing surgeons during the nineteenth century, and his struggle with doctors to encompass common spaces is discussed. Also as were the municipalities, always underfunded, recruiters and pay for healthcare professionals, keeping them sometimes in very poor states, hence their low social recognition. Likewise, the evolution of the surgeon is analyzed, based in many cases barbers and bleeders, until the merger of the titles of physician and surgeon by Royal Decree, and the creation of regulated schools.


Purpose : The purpose of this study is to understand the attitudes to internal service quality between coworkers, service quality to patients, job satisfaction, organizational identification and job identification of physical therapists in medical organizations. Methods : Data were collected from physical therapists working in medical organizations. 195 questionnaires were analyzed. Participants' total mean, group mean by age, sex, career and type of medical organization and the variables' correlations were examined. Results : The attitudes of physical therapists to five variables were very positive. Especially job identification was strong. The significant differences between groups were found in some variables. All variables except age and career were positively related to each other. The correlation between age and career was very high. Age and career were related to some of variables. Conclusion : To improve organizational performances it should be a top priority to understand the attitudes of physical therapists in organizations.


Simple Summary Tight regulation of gene expression is critical for various biological processes such as proliferation, development, differentiation, and death; its dysregulation is linked to the pathogenesis of diseases. Gene expression is dynamically regulated by numerous factors at DNA, RNA, and protein levels, and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and non–coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of RNA metabolisms. RBPs govern a diverse spectrum of RNA metabolism by recognizing and binding to the secondary structure or the certain sequence of target mRNAs, and their malfunctions caused by aberrant expression or mutation are implicated in disease pathology. HuD, an RBP in the human antigen (Hu) family, has been studied as a pivotal regulator of gene expression in neuronal systems; however, accumulating evidence reveals the significance of HuD in non–neuronal systems including certain types of cancer cells or endocrine cells in the lung, pancreas, and adrenal gland. In addition, the abnormal function of HuD suggests its pathological association with neurological disorders, cancers, and diabetes. Thus, this review discusses HuD–mediated gene regulation in neuronal and non–neuronal systems to address how it works to orchestrate gene expression and how its expression is controlled in the stress response of pathogenesis of diseases. Abstract HuD (also known as ELAVL4) is an RNA–binding protein belonging to the human antigen (Hu) family that regulates stability, translation, splicing, and adenylation of target mRNAs. Unlike ubiquitously distributed HuR, HuD is only expressed in certain types of tissues, mainly in neuronal systems. Numerous studies have shown that HuD plays essential roles in neuronal development, differentiation, neurogenesis, dendritic maturation, neural plasticity, and synaptic transmission by regulating the metabolism of target mRNAs. However, growing evidence suggests that HuD also functions as a pivotal regulator of gene expression in non–neuronal systems and its malfunction is implicated in disease pathogenesis. Comprehensive knowledge of HuD expression, abundance, molecular targets, and regulatory mechanisms will broaden our understanding of its role as a versatile regulator of gene expression, thus enabling novel treatments for diseases with aberrant HuD expression. This review focuses on recent advances investigating the emerging role of HuD, its molecular mechanisms of target gene regulation, and its disease relevance in both neuronal and non–neuronal systems.


Introduction: Persons who experience homelessness have been shown to have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, and high incidence of cardiovascular mortality, however little is known a...


The application of air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectral method for measuring the iron content in carbonyl nickel powder is studied.Optimum conditions for the measurement are described.The method has the advantages of high sensitivity,less interference,good selectivity and repeatability and therefore can satisfy the requirement of laboratory.


The dielectric and material properties of compositionally graded Hf-silicate films are reported. The graded Hf-silicate films were processed at ∼400°C by pulsed-laser deposition and ultraviolet-radiation-assisted oxidation technique. The relative Hf/Si content in the films was increased upward from the Si substrate, gradually changing the bonding from Hf-rich silicate at the top layers to Hf-poor silicate bonding and at the film-Si interface, respectively. The graded Hf-silicate films exhibited a dielectric constant of 14.7 and were found to remain amorphous after a rapid thermal anneal at 1000°C.


The intervention of AI technology and self-driving vehicles changed the transportation systems. The current self-driving vehicles demand reliable and accurate information from various functional modules. One of the major modules accommodated in vehicles is object detection and classification. In this paper a speed bump detection approach is developed for slow moving electric vehicle platform. The developed system uses monocular images as input and segment the speed bump using GAN network. The results obtained by new approach show that the GAN network is capable of segmenting various types of speed bumps with good accuracy. This new alternative approach shows the ability of GANs for speed bump detection application in self-driving vehicles.


Using GIS tools and high-resolutiom DEM derived from LRO NAC various morphometric parameters of the Lunokhod-1 area were calculated. The results of geoanalyses can be used for cartography at high level of detail as support of future landing mission.


The local steel industry is currently facing stiff competition from South East Asia and elsewhere for high grade scrap iron, culminating in a ban by central Government on the export of ferrous scrap. In this work we investigate the potential for producing high grade iron nuggets from the Pudo iron ore in the Upper West Region of Ghana, using carbonaceous materials generated from locally available 'pito' waste and its blend with high density polyethylene (HDPE) as reductant. Composite pellets of the ore containing various blends of uncharred 'pito' and charred 'pito' waste with HDPE were irradiated in a domestic microwave oven and the extent of reduction was determined after 40 min of irradiation. It was observed that highly carburised premium grade iron nuggets can be produced from the Pudo iron ore using 'pito' waste (both charred and uncharred) and its blends with HDPE as reductant. The measured extent of reduction ranged from about 47 % to about 96 %, suggesting that the Pudo iron ore is a potential source of iron from which premium grade metallic iron can be produced commercially to feed the local steel industry. From the point of view of chemical reactivity, it appears the effect of hydrogen is more pronounced than the amount of fixed carbon in the 'pito' waste and this effect was felt in all the HDPE-'pito' waste blends utilised for the investigation. Accordingly dry 'pito' waste may be used directly with HDPE as reductant without the need to char the biomass.


ABSTRACT Chemical fungicides provide the primary means to control fungal infection in fruits and vegetables in the postharvest. Exploitation of natural products to control decay and prolong the storage life of perishables has received more attention. In this study, hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves of soapberry (Sapindus saponaria L.) were investigated for their inhibitory activity against the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of anthracnose in papaya fruits. To evaluate the antifungal activity of the plant extract, the latter was incorporated into potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium at different concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mg mL-1), and mycelial growth inhibition, spore production inhibition and morphological changes were evaluated at room temperature after 7 days. Efficacy of the extract was noted when it was used at 50 mg mL-1 and 100 mg mL-1, resulting in a reduction in the mycelial growth (P< 0.05). At 50 mg mL-1, the extract causes morphological changes by reducing the size of hyphae, which become shorter and more branched. At 100 mg mL-1 extract, damages in the hyphal structure were more severe, causing mycelial rupture. In vivo treatment with 100 mg mL-1 extract prevented the development of anthracnose symptoms in fresh papaya fruits. Soapberry leaf extract has strong inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides, preventing the mycelial growth and reducing the appearance of anthracnose symptoms. Taken together, these results demonstrated the potential of this extract as a natural fungicide, constituting an alternative measure for disease control in papaya fruits.


Developing braille literacy skills represents one of the major goals of the education process for students with vision impairment. Fluency and accuracy in reading and writing facilitate access to information, development of knowledge, active participation, functionality, and independence in social contexts. One of the essential factors that can influence the success in the learning process of the braille code consists of the competences of teachers of students with vision impairment who teach braille. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reflections of 95 undergraduate special education students on their training programs regarding braille in their role as future special education teachers. Data were obtained through questionnaires which were administered in two departments of special education in two European universities. The results reported upon undergraduate students' reflections on their study in braille and confidence in teaching braille to students who are blind. The findings highlighted the need for further training into the braille code in conjunction with its literary and scientific notation.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test a link between the type of corporate ownership and business innovation activities, with application to Ukrainian joint stock companies.Design/methodology/approach – The objective of the paper is achieved through conducting a series of observations of 42 of the largest companies of metallurgy and machine‐building industries for the years 1998‐2001. The theoretical scope of the paper is to identify the motives of owners in Ukraine which affect their views on innovation policy in companies which they own.Findings – The research found that approaches of various groups of owners to the innovation policy differ and depend on the motives of their behavior at the market for corporate control. Thus, executives who owe companies, try to keep the control in their hands in order to set an abnormally high remuneration. This leads to the lack of funds to finance innovation projects because of cash flows reduction and absence of intentions to issue equity.Originality/value ...


Liver transplantation (LTx) is life-saving therapy for a variety of end-stage liver diseases, including cirrhotic, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders. As the cohort of patients with a disease process benefiting from LTx grows, the number of patients added to the waiting list per year continues to outstrip the number of transplants performed. It is this imbalance in supply and demand for donor livers that has led to the ongoing need for refinement of the systematic process in which donor livers are given to recipients: donor allocation. Over the past decade, a number of changes have come about that have significantly altered allocation protocols. This chapter focuses on these changes as well as the current allocation protocols. Although related, candidate selection is distinct from allocation, and will also be reviewed herein. We focus on deceased, adult LTx, and will not discuss living donor or pediatric LTx.


Recent research correlates physical attraction between human females and males to certain physical features regardless of culture. Men and women are naturally drawn to symmetry in face and body. Men innately prefer women with a small waist-to-hip ratio, a physical indicator of child-bearing ability. WHEN IT COMES TO CHOOSING A MATE, A FEMALE PENGUIN knows better than to fall for the first creep who pulls up and honks. She holds out for the fittest suitor available--which in Antarctica means one chubby enough to spend several weeks sitting on newly hatched eggs without starving to death. The Asian jungle bird Gallus gallus is just as choosy. Males in that species sport gaily colored head combs and feathers, which lose their luster if the bird is invaded by parasites. By favoring males with bright ornaments, a hen improves her odds of securing a mate (and bearing offspring) with strong resistance to disease. For female scorpion flies, beauty is less about size or color than about symmetry. Females favor suitors who have well-matched wings--and with good reason. Studies show they're the most adept at killing prey and at defending their catch from competitors. There's no reason to think that any of these creatures understands its motivations, but there's a clear pattern to their preferences. "Throughout the animal world," says University of New Mexico ecologist Randy Thornhill, "attractiveness certifies biological quality." Is our corner of the animal world different? That looks count in human affairs is beyond dispute. Studies have shown that people considered attractive fare better with parents and teachers, make more friends and more money, and have better sex with more (and more beautiful) partners. Every year, 400,000 Americans, including 48,000 men, flock to cosmetic surgeons. In other lands, people bedeck themselves with scars, lip plugs or bright feathers. "Every culture is a `beauty culture'," says Nancy Etcoff, a neuroscientist who is studying human attraction at the MIT Media Lab and writing a book on the subject. "I defy anyone to point to a society, any time in history or any place in the world, that wasn't preoccupied with beauty." The high-minded may dismiss our preening and ogling as distractions from things that matter, but the stakes can be enormous. "Judging beauty involves looking at another person," says University of Texas psychologist Devendra Singh, "and figuring out whether you want your children to carry that person's genes." It's widely assumed that ideals of beauty vary from era to era and from culture to culture. But a harvest of new research is confounding that idea. Studies have established that people everywhere--regardless of race, class or age--share a sense of what's attractive. And though no one knows just how our minds translate the sight of a face or a body into rapture, new studies suggest that we judge each other by rules we're not even aware of. We may consciously admire Kate Moss's legs or Arnold's biceps, but we're also viscerally attuned to small variations in the size and symmetry of facial bones and the placement of weight on the body. This isn't to say that our preferences are purely innate--or that beauty is all that matters in life. Most of us manage to find jobs, attract mates and bear offspring despite our physical imperfections. Nor should anyone assume that the new beauty research justifies the biases it


ABSTRACT TALITHA EDREA SYRIARATRI, D0212098. RELATIONSHIP MOTIVATION AND USAGE PATTERNS WITH SATISFACTIONS WATCHING HIJAB TUTORIAL VIDEOS ON WWW.YOUTUBE.COM (Correlation Study of Motivation and Usage Patterns With Satisfication Watching Hijab Tutorial Videos On www.youtube.com Among Solo Hijabers Community). Thesis (S-1). Communication Science Program. FISIP. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. 2016. Hijab tutorial video on the website www.youtube.com is an option to learn how to wear the hijab, get entertainment, and discover a personal identity among Muslim women. This research approached the uses and gratification theory by Katz, Blumler, and Gurevitch. and aimed to prove the relationship between motivation and usage patterns of hijab tutorial videos on the website www.youtube.com, relationship between usage patterns and satisfaction watching tutorial hijab videos on the website www.youtube.com, relationship between motivation and satisfaction of watching hijab tutorial videos on www.youtube.com site, and the relationship between motivation and usage patterns with the satisfaction of watching hijab tutorial video on the website www.youtube.com among solo hijabers community. The method used was quantitative research with survey. The population is all members of solo hijabers community, with 70 from 228 people were chosen randomly as samples. Collected data through questionnaires and data analysis techniques used Spearman rank correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis. t significance test was used by comparing tvalue with ttable. With degree of freedom = 68 at 5%, ttable = 1.995 significance level is obtained. From the results of Spearman rank correlation analysis and t significance test between motivation and usage patterns of hijab tutorial video on the website www.youtube.com, the coefficient value of 0.861 and tvalue 7.669 were obtained. Second, the results of Spearman rank correlation analysis and t significance test between usage patterns and satisfaction of watching hijab tutorial videos on the website www.youtube.com, the obtained coefficient value is 0.775 and tvalue 8.246. Third, the Spearman rank correlation analysis and t significance test between motivation and satisfaction of watching hijab tutorial videos on the website www.youtube.com, coefficient value of 0.846 and tvalue 13.084 were attained. Fourth, the results of partial correlation analysis and t significance test of the relationship between motivation and usage patterns with the satisfaction of watching hijab tutorial videos on the website www.youtube.com, the coefficient value of 0.438 and tvalue 3.169 were obtained. As all of the tvalue are greater than ttable, it is concluded that there is a significant and positive relationship so that the whole hypotheses are proved. Keywords: correlation studies, uses and gratification, YouTube watching motivation, YouTube usage patterns


It was dark and cold. He didn't mind the cold So much; he was nearly accustomed to that. But the darkness was something else. The darkness concealed things, and there was the danger. It was odd, he was thinking, that the artillery didn't throw in a few flares to light it up a bit out front. Maybe Intelligence didn't Chink it necessary, but sometimes they were wrong. Remember the Bulge? The l06th never knew what hit it. The darkness was oppressive and suffocating. It occurred to him that he would like to cut out a handful of this darkness and put it in his pocket. He could have a good look at it in the daylight might even find some way to weigh it. He knew it was heavy. The darkness was protective and dangerous in the same instant. They couldn't see you, but then you couldn't see them. They might be creeping up the hill now, or, as far as they knew, you might be creeping down it. If someone wanted to move a pin forward on a map, you might be on another hill tomorrow night, and then again, you might not. Well, let them come up the hill; in fact, he sometimes wanted them to try it. Two hours on, two hours off, two hours on, two hours off trade over with your buddy, but keep a man on guard at all times. A little of that and he wanted them to try something. He had to stay awake. He wondered if Palmer, a few yards away on the light machine-gun, was awake. Now and then a man went to sleep, but there was little said about it. The Old Man knew everyone was doing his best. He wondered if Sgt. Cary could find his way through the barbed wire in order to check the position. It was so very dark. He marveled at his being here. What forces had brought him to a wooded hill top in southern France? He knew the Germans had to be beaten. Hadn't he seen the movies in basic training? Hadn't he listened to the radio and read the papers back in the States? Yet, the Germans had never harmed him, or anybody he knew, before the war. Americans are a practical people this was something a little too abstract for a doughfoot. One had to stop to think it over. The English had their bombed concrete reason. finger on that. cities; that was a more You could put your But .why wait until America was bombed before you did anything? This was the best way. Fight the thing out over here spare America. Good enough? No, something still went against the grain. You wanted to spare America, of course, and you were willing enough to be here, but there was something that just didn't click. You didn't like the French phrase, "C' est la guerre." You hadn't been raised to pass a war off so lightly. Europe had always been one big intrigue with its plots and counterplots, and now they had America in it again. There was a madness in the whole scheme that infuriated you. You thought about the little people who were giving their all in this struggle. You were shocked to realize that this was the net result of thousands of years of civilization. In what respect was today different from the day of the Neanderthal man'! It was different in many ways: the people were out of the caves, they knew a lot more about life and the universe, they were able to kill greater numbers of one


SHEET FOR RECORDING COPIES WITHOUT CARBON. SHEET INCLUDES MEDIA, INCLUDING THE FRONT DOOR A COATING OF SLEEPING WITH, IN ADDITION TO CONSTITUENTS CLASSIC AS BINDERS, AGENTS WHITENING AND CHARGE, A .UN PRODUCTS MELANGED'OLIGOMERES CONDENSATION phenol, B. CARBOXYLIC ACID AND AROMATIC C. MINERAL COMPOUND MAGNESIUM (OXIDE OR HYDROXIDE). If THIS SHEET FOR USE WITH A SECOND SHEET WHOSE BACK PLACE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE FIRST LEAF, COMPRISES A COATING OF SLEEPING WITH SEPARATE SPRAY OF OILY SOLUTION AT LEAST ONE leuco CHROMOGEN BASIC, colorable BY THE ACID, triarylmethane LACTONE. MARKING THE SECOND SHEET BREAKS THE SPRAY AND PRODUCT QUICKLY MAKE INTENSE COLOR AND STABLE. ON GETS GOOD RESULTS WHEN THE FIRST LAYER CONTAINS FOR 50PARTIES OLIGOMER, 1.0A 2,5PARTIES ACID AND 10A OF COMPOUND MAGNESIUM 40PARTIES APPLICATION. SETS FOR QUICK PRODUCTION COPIES.


Objectives: To determine the prevalence of impulse control disorder (ICD) in the patients of Parkinson Disease (PD) taking Levodopa.
Methods:  This 12 months cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Neurology, Services Hospital Lahore and Neuro clinic, Lahore. A total of 125 cases of Parkinson Disease taking Levodopa as treatment with the age of 53 to 71 years were included in the study. They were assessed for four impulse control disorders including craving for sweets, compulsive shopping, compulsive gambling and hypersexuality.
Results: The mean age of the patents in this study was found as 61.34 years. The frequency of ICD was found in 17.6% of the patients with PD. The commonest symptom of ICD was hypersexuality in 11.2% followed by craving for sweets in 10.4%, compulsive shopping in 8.8% and compulsive gambling in 8.1%. ICD was almost comparable to that of associated with dopamine agonists like ropinirole and pramipexole. Furthermore, it was more common in males (80%) than in females (20%).
Conclusions: Parkinson disease patients taking Levodopa must be screened for impulse control disorder for the proper management, adjustment of doses and combination of other drugs.


Predicting the results of multi-stage deep drawing in determining the thickness distribution and thinning of the workpiece are measures that will help reduce production costs by saving materials and production time. Machine Learning (ML) technique is a promising method for predicting the thickness distribution (TD) of drawn copper metal. Macro and micro products are currently used in sensitive electronic and structural applications. In this study, ML defines the relationship between the scaled thickness and the respective number of stages governed by the scaling law. It includes the development of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) tools based on machine learning to model the relationship between thickness by scaling law and stages based on multi-stage deep-drawn cups. TD is a measure of consistency. The TD is measured from the initial blank of 1500 mm long, 750 mm wide, and 6 mm thick Cu strip, reduced by 50% in nine successive steps until a final thickness of 0.1875 mm. Two ANN models used for TD prediction are Bayesian regularization (BR) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms. A trained machine learning model can successfully predict and verify the unseen data of 1.5 and 0.38 mm TD. ANN is used to predict the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results and confirm them through the experimental results. The developed model can predict the TD of the multi-stage cup with the die design parameters. The difference between the TD predicted value and the measured value is based on the simulation results of multi-stage cups using the finite element method. When the predicted and measured TD, the difference in cup drawing depth is 0.5%–2.0%. The results show that the LM model is suitable for predicting the TD of formed copper cups following the scaling law.


ABSTRACT Inclusion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an inter-layer sandwiched between the mating sides of AISI 1008 steel joints in resistance spot-welding and its impact on microstructure/mechanical behavior of the subsequent lap joint is discussed here. A thin layer of MWCNTs approximately 50 μm is incorporated as a coating at one of the mating surfaces of the lap joint. It was found that the MWCNTs get entrapped in weld-nugget during the spot-welding procedure, which subsequently leads to weld strengthening through various mechanisms. While the weld strength is reliant mainly on the welding current, time, and also on the nugget diameter, an improvement of ~45% in weld strength is attained in lap-shear tensile tests due to the MWCNT interlayer. A detailed microstructural and XRD studies corroborate the experimental observations. Peak shifts were observed in Raman spectroscopy which confirms the compressive stress associated with the weld nugget-entrapped MWCNTs. Transmission electron microscopic studies of the nugget region elucidate the prevailing strengthening mechanisms including dislocation pile up, interfacial stress transfer, and mechanical interlocking.


Fine-tuning contextualized representations learned by pre-trained language models remains a prevalent practice in NLP. However, fine-tuning can lead to representation degradation (also known as representation collapse), which may result in instability, sub-optimal performance, and weak generalization. In this paper, we propose Representation Projection Invariance (REPINA), a novel regularization method to maintain the information content of representation and reduce representation collapse during fine-tuning by discouraging undesirable changes in the representations. We study the empirical behavior of the proposed regularization in comparison to 5 comparable baselines across 13 language understanding tasks (GLUE benchmark and six additional datasets). When evaluating in-domain performance, REPINA consistently outperforms other baselines on most tasks (10 out of 13). We also demonstrate its effectiveness in few-shot settings and robustness to label perturbation. As a by-product, we extend previous studies of representation collapse and propose several metrics to quantify it. Our empirical findings show that our approach is significantly more effective at mitigating representation collapse.


Background and Objectives The severest form of thalassemia is beta thalassemia with regular need for blood transfusion and medical care. Treatments such as desferrioxamine injection and regular blood transfusion cause several complications in patients' vital organs including eyes. The vision is considerably more sensitive than other senses in perceptual-motor responses and it is also sensitive to details, depth, and color. As a result, it has a decisive role in controlling movement. This study has been conducted to draw a comparison of depth perception in healthy adolescents and patients with thalassemia major. Materials and Methods This method is semi-experimental and the sample was 18 thalassemic patients and 18 healthy subjects within the age range of 13-17 years (15.33 ± 1.37) who were selected through sampling. These subjects have been evaluated three times by the depth perception device made by the researchers; it has the capability to assess the depth perception with the smallest error (one ten thousandth cm). The average of these three time tests was used as depth perception


A wheather strip is a sponge form rubber by a forming agent, which prevents the penetration of water and dust, also reduces wind-noise and vehicle-vibration while driving. Recent, an investigation of abrasion resistance reinforced coating is demanded, due to an occurrence of a problem, which is a tearing and wearing of body-side weather strip. So, a development of a new wheather strip coating is promoted. As a result, an abrasion resistance reinforced coating is developed and applied to automobiles, which coating shows 10 times improved abrasion resistance performance, in comparison with current wheather strip coating.


This study examines the innovations which the new EU Reform Treaty brings to the foreign and defense policy of the European Union. The study begins with an observation on the time of entry into force of the Reform Treaty, and then stops on the main reforms introduced by the new text in the foreign policy sector. Thus, in the Common Fordign and Security Policy (CFSP) sector, two are the major institutional innovations under the Reform Treaty: "The High Representative of the Union for foreign affairs and security policy" and "The Eurnpean External Action Service". The High Representative for foreign affairs and security policy, which the Constitutional Treaty boldly named "Minister of Foreign Affairs of the European Union", will bring together the roles and powers of two different institutional figures: the High Representative (CFSP) and the Commissioner for Foreign Relations. This fusion, which should simplify the institutional framework, aims to give greater coherence and effectiveness to the European foreign policy. The study then proceeds to analyze the innovations introduced in the Common Security and Defense Policy (PSAC) and in particular: the permanent structured cooperation; the solidarity clause and the collective defense one; the increase of the peace missions of the European Union, the so-called Petersberg missions, i.e. humanitarian and aid missions, peacekeeping missions and crisis-fighting missions, including missions aimed at restoring peace.


On a sunny Tuesday afternoon in May 2015, two young women walking by a lighthouse in Melilla, a Spanish enclave on the northern shores of Morocco's Mediterranean coast, found the lifeless body of a young man. As the police quickly soon confirmed, the boy had died while trying to jump on a ferry that would take him "to the real Europe" (i.e., the Iberian Peninsula). Using ethnography, this article aims at mapping the afterlives of this dead young man, in their multiple dimensions. It traces the body's trajectory through the judicial system and bureaucratic registration; it investigates attempts made by various agencies at identifying the corpse and carrying it to its final destination; finally, it analyzes the efforts made to pay him tribute. By tracing the dead boy's itinerary, this article sheds light on the conflictual interactions between different actors (state and municipal institutions, civil society groups, and migrants themselves) involved in the treatment of deaths at the borders.


Corrientes Pedagogicas Contemporaneas course is offered in the Foreign Languages program, School of Languages at University of Antioquia. This paper provides a didactic proposal for this course that constructed four activities from which the theoretical content of educational approaches was analyzed together with an additional research activity involving a qualitative strategy named documentary research. The students participating in the class project, 37 in total, provided additional information through a survey. The method of critical discourse analysis (Van Dijk, 2003) was applied to this survey showing the contributions obtained as a result of the didactic proposal development, with regard to the learning of content on educational approaches and professional training as teachers in a projective way. The results were classified into the following thematic lines: Assessing of educational knowledge, Encouraging of critical educational thinking, Getting new significance of their future teaching role, Assessing of the didactic proposal, Awareness of the limits in their educational knowledge, and integration of cognition with affection, one of the findings was the appreciation of teachers union by the students.


This research aiming at describing: the effectiveness of the technique of Learning Impromptu Speech through Peer Activity at SMA 5 Yogyakarta; how the technique could enhance speaking capability among students of SMA N 5 Yogyakarta. This research is action research. The findings have shown that there was a significant improvement in their speaking capabilitie. They were getting better gradually in developing and organizing idea. This learning technique could guide students to become better, autonomous, and confident learners. The students were encouraged to depend more on themselves instead of the teacher.


Background: Upper respiratory tract is one of the commonest sites for microbial colonization, and the colonized individuals are at risk of infection, and medical students are frequently exposed to a variety of infections agents and are more likely to get colonized by them. The current study aimed To determine the frequency of pharyngeal bacterial colonization among clinical students. Methods: A total of  140 throat swab was collected from study participants, among them, 70 clinical students were enrolled, and 70 nonclinical subjects were recruited as a control group. Isolated bacteria were identified using ordinary laboratory techniques (Gram staining and biochemical tests). Result: Among clinical participants, there were 16 (80%) of them in the age group 20–25 years of age, Frequency of pharyngeal carriage in studied subjects were 29(20.7%), 23(32.9%) of clinical sciences students were significantly carry the virulent bacterial pathogen, while only 6 (8.6%) of the control group have clinical pharyngeal bacteria (P-value ≤ 0.001). S. aureus was carried among 11 (15.7%) clinical sciences students, followed by S. pneumoniae 3 (4.3%), P. aeruginosa, and Haemophilusspp 2 (2.9%). Penicillin and Ciprofloxacin resistance was high frequent, statistically, significant differences were also revealed in the clinical sciences students group who have had a past history of respiratory infection, were 13/16 (80%), and 6/7 (85.7%) of them frequently carried gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria respectively (p. value =0.023)
Conclusion: Clinical students complain of a high frequency of bacterial throat colonization, and then multidrug-resistant of bacterial strain. Such evidence may increase the possibility that clinical students play role in the transmission and dissemination of the infection for others.


Objective:To survey cardiovascular risk factors in pilots of an army.Methods:The data of body height,body weight,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,blood lipids and smoking were collected and analyzed in 415 pilots of an army.Results:Among 415 pilots,a total of 211 cases(50.84%) possessed cardiovascular risk factors,153 cases(36.87%) possessed ≥two cardiovascular risk factors and 73 cases(17.59%) possessed ≥ three cardiovascular risk factors;Cardiovascular risk factors in 31-40 years old group and 41 years old group were significantly more than that of 20-30 years old group(P0.05).Cardiovascular risk factors in recent six years were significantly increased,compared with those of before six years(P0.05).Conclusion:Comprehensive prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors must be enhanced in pilots of army.


Present work deals with the exhaustive investigations of rapid de-lignification processes from source-sorted organic fractions that are recalcitrant in nature. Organic solid wastes (OSW) belong to the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and they act as enormous potential substrate for alternative source of energy in the form of bio-fuels. Nevertheless, these substrates are not easily biodegradable and the degree of biodegradability is solely dependent on the composition and characteristic of organic solid wastes in municipal solid wastes. The component responsible for recalcitrance of organic solid wastes is lignin that occurs in variable amounts in different plant residues. In order to remove the recalcitrance from organic fraction municipal solid wastes and to make it more easily degradable by microbial groups, certain pretreatment techniques have been adopted and they are applied either individually or in combined way for enhancement of anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The present work studied the effect of acid treatment with acetic acid on the used substrate, evaluated its effectiveness on biogas production, and studied the concentrations of CH4 and CO2 during the fermentation period, which amounted to 90 days. All results are presented in clear curves for the purpose of facilitating the study.


Magnesium ferrites (MgFe2O4) are ceramic oxides with spinel-type crystalline structure; they have interesting technological properties. The aim of this study was to obtain nanostructured MgFe2O4 through solution combustion synthesis using iron nitrate and magnesium nitrate as precursors and glycine as fuel, without the necessity of subsequent heat treatments after synthesis. The temperature variation with respect to a sample with constant molar ratio was investigated. The crystallinity (phases present and crystallite size: estimated by single-line method) of the products obtained was determined by X-ray diffraction, the specific surface area by the nitrogen/helium adsorption method, the morphology by transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements by a superconducting quantum interference device. The synthesis method facilitated the production of magnesium ferrite with crystallite sizes between 18 and 61 nm, and the magnetic hysteresis curves indicated a ferromagnetic behavior of the samples at room temperature.


The 4-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2,3-furandione (1) and semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones (2a-h) combine with loss of carbon dioxide and water yielding the 1 -methylenaminopyrimidin-2-one and thione derivatives (3a-h) in moderate yields (33-55%). Hyrolysis of 3a and 3e leads to the 1-aminopyrimidin-2-one/thione (4a, b), pyrimidine (6, 11), pyridazine (8, 13) and imidazole (10) derivatives were obtained from the reactions of 1 and Ethyl-4,5-dioxo-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylate (12) with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (5), 4-phenylsemicarbazide (7) and 1-phenylsemicarbazide (9). The electronic and geometric structures of reactants, transition states, intermediates and final products of the reaction of model reactants; 2,3-dihydro-1H-furan-2,3-dione and semicarbazone are calculated by the PM3 method. Transition states are further confirmed by vibrational analysis (computation of force constants analytically) and characterised by the corresponding imaginary vibration modes and frequencies.


A programme of archaeological investigations undertaken in advance of the Forth Replacement Crossing, at Castlandhill on Rosyth and Echline Fields in South Queensferry, revealed archaeological features dating from the Mesolithic to medieval periods, including Neolithic Grooved Ware and Impressed Ware pottery dating to the 4th to 3rd millennium BC. The principal focus of this paper is the Mesolithic remains, which are of major significance for the study of Mesolithic habitation in Scotland; particularly given the finding of a sunken-floored structure at Echline Fields that has returned a date of approximately 8300 cal BC. It is the second such structure discovered in Scotland and also the earliest yet. The sites add to a growing group of Mesolithic settlements characterised by semi-permanence and value of place in a period that has often been more associated with high mobility and temporary camps. Lithic information from these sites further acknowledges the presence of narrow-blade technology in northern Britain during this pioneering period.