VOLATILES INVOLVED IN HOLLOW FORMATION ON MERCURY. M.S. Phillips1, J. E. Moersch1, 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1526 (email@example.com). Introduction: Mercury hosts features unique in the solar system that were first observed in Mariner 10 images and described as bright crater floor deposits [BCFDs, 1]. Images from the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft have revealed that BCFDs are sub-kilometer-scale, flat-floored, rimless depressions with typical depths of 40-50 m and an average areal extent of 129 km2 [2]. These features have become known as hollows to distinguish them from morphologically similar structures such as pyroclastic vents and pits related to collapse due to magma evacuation from a near-surface chamber [2, 3]. Background: Hollows are nearly global in extent, though some spatial variability has been noted. They are more extensive at equatorial latitudes and on slopes with equatorial aspects than at higher latitudes and on slopes with anti-equatorial aspects [2]. The apparent preference of hollows to form at equatorial latitudes and on slopes with equatorial aspects suggests a thermal control on formation, and that there may be a temperature-related curbing of hollow formation at high latitudes. The apparent dependence on temperature combined with the morphology of hollows has led previous workers to suggest that hollows form via sublimation. It was posited [3, 4] that the hollow-forming volatile is likely sourced from a hermean surface unit called low reflectance material (LRM) because hollows almost exclusively form in this unit [96%, 2, 5]. It was further noted [4] that sulfur or sulfides are likely candidate materials because of the volatility and high abundance of sulfur on Mercury [6, 7]. The suggestion that sulfides play a role in hollow formation has also been made by several other workers [2, 5, 8-11]. Here, we consider the stability of plausible hollow-forming volatiles at subsurface and surface temperatures at different latitudes and longitudes using a thermophysical model to infer the stability of volatiles as a function of depth, time, and latitude. Methods: There have been several thermophysical models of Mercury formulated in past studies [e.g., 12, 13-16]. Similar to past models, we consider heat conduction in the vertical dimension, and use the 1D time-dependent heat equation [17]:


The present invention discloses a method of evaluation of the properties after transformation CONDENSING high back pressure steam turbine, the specific steps: Step a: sufficient pressure turbine disposed Thermodynamic systems, temperature, flow, power test points; Step two: Disable heating extraction pipe bridge on the low-pressure cylinder; step three: calculation of the main steam, cold reheat steam flow and reheat steam flow; step four: computer Low Pressure cylinder efficiency; step 5: high back pressure depends on the heating unit condensing be corrected to the second category unit is running high back pressure conditions, computers heat rate, and heat rate; step six: corrected heat rate, efficiency and low-pressure cylinder manufacturers design values are compared to evaluate low-pressure cylinder technology transformation and transformation effects unit. The method of the present invention is simple and feasible.


Abstract:We as language instructors are tasked with preparing students to transition from language to literature courses. The shorter length of many poems makes them ideal for presentation in the language classroom, where the acquisition of communicative competence is the priority. Introductory and intermediate textbooks' poetry offerings, however, are frequently drawn from a canon of poems by only a few nineteenth-and twentieth-century authors (Verlaine, Apollinaire, Prévert) and fail to expose students to broader aspects of French literature. This article offers strategies for presenting pre-nineteenth-century poetry to first-and second-year students of French using dizains from Scève's Délie as examples.


AIM:To establish one ligase-based method to detect the gene polymorphism of TPMT.METHODS:The multiplex PCR/ligase detection reaction(LDR)was established,and 50 blood samples of healthy postulants were investigated with this method.RESULTS:This method was reliable,rapid,high-degree automatic.The genotype of 2,3A,3B and 4,which depressed the activity of TPMT were not found,only 2 samples of TPMT3C heterozygote were detected.CONCLUSION:This method can be applied for TPMT polymorphisms detection.


Some yield laws are concluded from the fruit-type,little-size cucumber siolessly cultivated in modern greenhouse during a two-year and four-rotation period.It shows that in different years and seasons and for different varieties,the altering trend of cucumber yield is nearly the same.However,the total yield of a whole year varies greatly.Under normal conditions,the earliest picking of spring-summer rotation comes about 45 days after field setting,and the peak yield comes 60 to 70 days after field setting.Also,its peak yield period lasts long.The yield in spring-summer makes up more than 60% of the gross produce of a year.The altering trend about yield of various varieties is basicly the same,but the total produce and suitable growing seasons are different.It's good for deltastar to be planted during spring,summer and autumn.While condesa grows well during winter time and is suited to be planted in greenhouse during winter time.Printo shows strong seress resistance and can be planted in any seasons.In normal years,produce and temperature are positively correlative in winter,and the correlation reaches notable level.Yet,they are negatively correlative in summer.The relationship between yield and humidity varies according to different years and seasons.Yield and sunshine hours are always positively correlative to each other.The correlation is extremely notable in warm winters,while not notable in cold winters and summers.Temperature and humidity are in extremely notable negative correlation in autumn and winter,while they are positively correlative in spring and summer.Temperature and sunshine hours are in extremely notable positive correlation in spring and summer,and the correlation is not notable in autumn and winter.In most cases,humidity and sunshine are negatively correlative.


Degraded peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan influence the economic activities of community around the forest. The terrible activities of the community have exploited the forest, and it must stop now with more solution to make a new sustainable livelihood. Now, forest can't support us in increasing the economic values for the community. The effects of losing the forest are the earth temperate will rise, we can't find wood for tools and also non-timber forest product. The aims of those activities are for indirect protecting activities for the forest area and rehabilitation action with purun cultivation and to optimizing purun for industrial activities of purun handicraft. There are two activities for saving the forest socialization and training of purun handicraft for the community without destroying the last forest it. The activities have done in Rantau Kujang village of South Barito District Central of Kalimantan on 23rd November 2017 supported by Indonesian Climate Changes Trust and Fund (ICCTF) with Focus Group Discussion method and the intensive training for the community about purun cultivation and processing the industrial purun handicraft. The results are community have a more new idea for sustainable livelihood without destroyed their forest. Before our training, the Community only can break their forest, but now they have found more idea for economic activities and sustainable act for the forest. The community needs a support and suggestion to found more livelihood activities with a link for marketing and the right cultivation.


Magnetoelectric layered hybrid structures are a kind of composite of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic layers,which exhibit both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties simultaneously,ie.the magnetoelectric coupling effect.Such layered hybrid structures can be potentially and widely employed to fabricate tunable microwave devices of magnetical and electrical dual tunablilties.This paper mostly introduces the application of the magnetoelectric layered hybrid structures in the delay lines,resonators and phase shifters.


PCR-based Weissella species-specific detection method was developed to apply for the discrimination of Korean and Chinese kimchi by detecting a Weissella species only found in Korean or Chinese kimchi. PCR primers were designed from the species-specific sequence in the recN gene of each species. The primers allowed the species-specific detection and identification of nine species in the genera Weissella, and were successfully applied to the detection of W. cibaria, W. confusa, W. koreensis, and W. soli in kimchi with 20 ng template DNA. W. cibaria, W. confusa, and W. koreensis were detected from the Korean kimchi samples tested but W. soli was not detected. However, the four species were detected from Chinese kimchi samples. PCR-based W. soli-specific detection could not be perfectly applied as the Chinese kimchi discriminating method but has significance as an approach to evaluate the potential of scientific verification method based on the difference of microbial community.


emphasized the peace process. Although recent U.S. presidents have all been suspicious of Zionist and Israeli attentions, "their concern with global policies and building alliance systems along with containing the USSR led to the lack of any vision for dealing with the Arab-Israeli conflict" (p. 70). As a result, Israeli interests are placed above that of all other countries in the region (pp. 126-27). This policy was particularly damaging to the U.S. credibility in the Arab world. The chapter on Soviet policy is the weakest. It explains Afghan history, but ignores the determinants of Soviet policy. The Soviets were also preoccupied with superpower rivalry and followed a global as opposed to regional, approach. Anti-imperialism was their unifying theme in building alliances in the Middle East (p. 133). The failure of Soviet policy is apparent in Moscow's inability to control its Arab friends. Unlike U.S. support for Israel, Soviet support for its Arab friends was never adequate. The Soviets "have never given the Arabs, including Egypt, sufficient supplies of armaments to establish military superiority over Israel" (p. 151). Taylor's major concern is to prove that the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union led to their failure to deal with the Middle East. Although the book does not contain any original analysis, it is an important contribution to understanding the complexity of the cold war era as it pertains to the Middle East. The author's critical examination of the Israeli lobby in formulating U.S. policy toward the Middle East is particularly important. The book is mainly devoted to a historical account, which leads to his neglect of the indigenous forces that influenced U.S. and USSR policies toward the region. The account of Afghanistan's history from the 19th century to the present is irrelevant and shifts the analysis away from the main focus of the book. The world has changed since this book was published in 1991, and thus conclusions reached in it, including predictions of superpower behavior relevant to the Soviet Union, are now dated. However, it remains to be seen whether Washington will change its policies toward the Middle East in a world without the Soviet Union. Does the global perspective that dominated superpower policy towards the Middle East still apply today? Can the United States promote peace and stability in the Middle East, given its relationship with Israel? Although the main thesis of the book has been overtaken by the recent events such as the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Gulf War, the book can be useful for students interested in the history of superpower policies toward the Middle East.


This study was conducted to determine the effects of different silage additives on sunflower silage quality. The treatments were as follows: (1) control (C, no additive), (2) 5% molasses (M) (3) inoculation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; 1.5 g/ton, a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium applied at a rate of 6.00 log10 cfu LAB/g of fresh material) and (4) LAB+enzyme mixture 2 g/ton (LEN, Lactobacillus plantarum bacterium (6.00 log10 cfu/g) and cellulase (150000 CMCU/kg) and amylase (200000 SKB/kg) enzymes). Silage additives were mixed and stored in glass jars with 5 replicates for 90 days. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of pH, ether extract (EE), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and hemicellulose (HEM). The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration was higher in the M group than those of other groups (P<0.01). Lactic and acetic acid concentration were lower in the LEN group than the other groups (P<0.05). In the LAB group, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA) and fleig point (FP) contents were lower than those of other groups (P<0.01). In the M group, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were lower and the total digestibility nutrient (TDN) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) contents were higher than those of other groups (P<0.01). The crude cellulose (CC) contents of M and LEN groups were lower than that of C and LAB groups. In conclusion, addition of the bacterial inoculants (LAB and LEN) and molasses to sunflower crop before ensiling positively affected some quality traits.


Boron toxicity is a worldwide problem for crops, yet we have a limited understanding of the genetic responses and adaptive mechanisms to this stress in plants. We employed a cross-species comparison between boron stress-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana and its boron stress-tolerant extremophyte relative Schrenkiella parvula and a multi-omics approach integrating genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and ionomics to assess plant responses and adaptations to boron stress. S. parvula maintains a lower level of total boron and free boric acid than A. thaliana when grown with excess boron. S. parvula excludes excess boron more efficiently than A. thaliana, which we propose is partly driven by SpBOR5, a boron transporter that we functionally characterized in the current study. Both species use cell walls as a partial sink for excess boron. When accumulated in the cytoplasm, excess boron appears to interrupt RNA metabolism. The extremophyte facilitates critical cellular processes while maintaining the pool of ribose-containing compounds that can bind with boric acid. The S. parvula transcriptome is pre-adapted to boron toxicity. It exhibits substantial overlaps with the A. thaliana boron-stress responsive transcriptome. Cell wall sequestration and increases in global transcript levels under excess boron conditions emerge as key mechanisms for sustaining plant growth under boron toxicity.


Alzheimer's disease has been thought to be caused by cellular accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) that was produced in extracellular space. The mechanisms by which extracellular accumulation of Aβ42, which is a toxic form of Aβ peptide, leads to cell death have been well-examined. Recently, intracellular accumulation of Aβ42 has also been observed, however, the mechanism by which intracellular Aβ42 accumulation causes cell death is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of cellular toxicity caused by Aβ42 accumulated in cells. After chemically synthesized Aβ42 was incubated with cells, intracellular localization of Aβ42 incorporated into cells was examined by co-localization with several organelle marker proteins. It was reported that oligomeric Aβ generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. And effect of overexpression of an anti-oxidative enzyme on cell viability under the Aβ42 treatment was also examined to reveal relationship between ROS production caused by intracellular Aβ42 accumulation and cell death.


Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is an essential secosteroid that plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of a few mineral elements, particularly calcium. Since vitamin D deficiency and thyroid diseases are two important global health problems, we aimed to investigate a possible relationship of vitamin D and calcium levels with hypothyroidism in an


School agriculture programme was introduced in secondary education curriculum in Kenya in 1965 and has academic objective to transfer scientific knowledge, and a vocational one to impart skills that would enable youth become self reliant. However, the vocational objective is scantly attained and school youth are inadequate in skills necessary for creation of livelihoods. It is expected that school youth would acquire more and specialized skills for independence through implementation of agricultural programmes such as in showcasing success stories by young agripreneurs. Participation in decision making on the showcasing events would act as motivation for youth to increase implementation of agricultural programmes. However, there is problem of low participation of school youth in decision making on implementation during showcasing success stories by young agripreneurs. This research was conducted to establish the influence of participation of school youth in decision-making during showcasing by young agripreneurs on implementation of agricultural programmes. The study was carried out in extra-county, county and sub-county category of secondary schools offering agriculture subject and, spread in five agro-ecological zones typical of Kenyan farm types, and found in Kisii and Nyamira counties region. Cross-sectional survey design was used. School youth are secondary school form fours taking the subject and implementing KCSE agriculture project. Stratified, purposive, and simple random sampling procedures were used to select a sample of 361 school youth. Data was collected using questionnaires, analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics at probability level of 0.05 using SPSS version 21. Results show that school youth are well exposed to showcasing success stories by young agripreneurs for acquiring more and specialized implementation skills. It also confirms that gender of youth in school does not make a significant difference in the level of participation in decision making during showcasing events by young agripreneurs. School youth rated five of the six strategies evaluated as very important, and identified some amongst them as more significantly very important than the rest in increasing their participation during showcasing by young agripreneurs. There is a positive significant and linear correlation between level of participation in decision making during showcasing of success stories by young agripreneurs and level of implementation of agricultural programmes by school youth (R= 0.30, p = 0.00), p = 0.00). These findings will be useful in addressing issues of school youth participation in decision making during showcasing by young agripreneurs to motivate others implement agricultural programmes for self reliance.


During the 1870s, the Provincial government terminated grazing licences on large runs in Eastern Southland and West Otago. In a series of land sales, this land was surveyed into 200-acre farms and auctioned to prospective farmers on a delayed repayment scheme. 150 years later, this research searches for traces of the first buildings from this time. It focuses on the housing of eight ancestors, great grandparents of the author, who settled within a 30 km radius in the districts of Waikoikoi, Maitland, Waikaka Valley and Otama. Information was gathered from National Library collections, district and family history books, old photographs and maps, 2018 surveys of the homestead sites and interviews with cousins still living in the area. In 1870, the rolling hills were covered with open tussock. Found artefacts suggest that Māori camped in the area during expeditions to gather food from Mataura river sites. The new settlers, often in extended family groups, travelled by horse and dray overland from Dunedin or Bluff. The Dunedin to Gore railway did not open until 1879. Their first shelters were camp-sites and wagon tilts lined in felt. Soon after they arrived, established families were able to fund the building of modest timber houses often constructed by carpenter uncles and brothers. Young single men "bached" in sod and/or timber huts until they married. One great grandmother spent childhood years "comfortably" in a "half-sod and half-timber shepherd's cottage" but her teenage years at the "Big House," the 20-room homestead on the Otama Station. It was built in 1867 of "white pine" from the forest at Tapanui. By the turn of the twentieth-century, simple cottages had received additional rooms, porches and decorative verandahs or they were upstaged by new grand timber villas. In 2018, only one homestead, originally named Hopetoun, is still standing although it is substantially altered. Family photographs, usually of the front façade, provide a limited perspective only. Memoirs and local histories offer a few more clues. While buildings from the 1870s exist, historical touchstones in these country districts are more elusive.


The main aim of the present investigation is to evaluate dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) properties of hydrothermally synthesized 3D TiO2 nanoflowers based on DN350 organic dye. The dye loading time has been optimized from the current–voltage (J–V) characteristics in order to obtain high performance DSSCs. Further TiCl4 surface treatment was conducted for effective dye loading and fast electron transport for the improvement of DSSC performance. The dye loading and its performance evaluation has been optimized and analysed using J–V performance, UV-vis spectroscopy and incident-photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) etc. characterization techniques. The diffusion coefficient, diffusion length and electron life time have be evaluated using intensity-modulated photocurrent and photovoltage experiments (IMPS/IMVS). Our optimized results show that 30 min TiCl4 treated TNF samples exhibit current density (JSC) = 14.70 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage (VOC) = 0.650 V, Fill Factor (FF) = 0.62 and power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 5.92%.


Optical communications and remote sensing applications have been limited by ability of the laser beam to penetrate aerosol clouds. Ultra short femtosecond laser pulses are now available for these applications. The fundamental question that must be answered is whether there is increased transmission through aerosols when a very short pulse is used. The basic idea is that there should be increased transmission because the electrons in matter can not respond to an instantaneous applied electromagnetic field and because the physical "bullet" of light is so short that the usual constructive and destructive interference will not add coherently. In this paper, results of research carried out with 9 fs pulses propagating through aerosol clouds of 1-4 mum in size are reported. The interaction of ultra short pulses with matter is starting to approach the time domain where the electrons in matter do not have time to interact with an instantaneously applied electromagnetic field. Experiments were carried out for transmission, through aerosol clouds contained in a tube, for 9 fs pulses and compared with those of continuous wave case. Results indicated that there was about a 0.5 % increase in the transmission. The magnitude of the increase was to be expected given that the phenomenon is just starting to turn on. Theoretical calculations indicate that for a free electron the time for the electron to follow an applied field is about 2.5-3 fs. In order to better understand the phenomena, additional experiments were conducted on fused silica glass, and on water contained in a cell


This study investigated the motivation of Burundi junior secondary school students learning simultaneously three foreign languages: French, English, and Kiswahili. A 65-item questionnaire was employed to sample the views of 348 (grade 7 through 9) learners from state schools. Using L2 motivational self system developed by Dörnyei as the main theoretical framework, this study specifically explored temporal changes in L2 motivation of the participants over the 3-year period across the three target languages. The results indicated that there were significant differences in most of the measured motivational scales across the three languages with ninth grade students scoring significantly lower than their peers from lower school grades. Moreover, the results revealed that L2 learning experience and ideal L2 self were the two variables that, respectively, predicted most the students' intended effort to learn each language. One school grade-related difference was that international posture appeared as a significant factor among seventh grade students in relation to French learning and among ninth grade pupils regarding English learning. Another finding, which was unexpected, was that English (L3) appeared to be the most popular foreign language among these students. In the light of the results, pedagogical implications are discussed based on the socio-educational context of Burundi.


A detecting system for molecular beam experiments is described which may be used for the detection of very small particle fluxes as well as for beam calibration (higher flux). The system is tested for sensitivity and for time-of-flight measurements.


Dr. Northoff's comprehensive comparison of clinical symptoms and neurobiological findings in catatonia with that of Parkinson's disease through integration of various levels of investigation, from neurochemistry up to the subjective experience, is a good example of the new strategies we need to improve our understanding of psychiatric disorders. His multimodal approach, leading to the hypothesis that different pathophysiologies of transcortical "horizontal modulation" and "bottom-up/top-down" – orbitofrontal/basal ganglia – "vertical modulations," may explain many clinical aspects of catatonia and Parkinson's disease, and thereby fills an important gap in current theories of psychomotor syndromes. However, to analyze more specifically the pathophysiology of catatonia, comparison not only with Parkinson's disease, but also with schizophrenia and anxiety disorders would be helpful. As long as the pathohistological and molecular basis of catatonic syndromes is unknown, theories based mainly on functional considerations remain preliminary.


ZnO as well as SiC are wide bangap materials with prospective electronic applications. Very good lattice matching of the materials allowed formation a n-ZnO/p-SiC heteroepitaxial junction. The n˗ZnO film was epitaxially grown onto the p-SiC substrate using the atomic layer deposition method. The fabricated p-n diode was studied by I-V and C-V characteristics as well as by impedance spectroscopy. The diode shows a high rectifying ratio of 107 and an ideality factor of 1.21.


Through the introduction of the Pseudo-static website,this paper puts forward the method of the realization of Pseudo-static,explains the implementation of Pseudo-static website by means of ISAPI_Rewrite,including ISAPI Filter configuration,URL rewriting rules design,etc.Finally,it introduces the role of improving the website with the pseudo-static technology.


The data represented by tensor can maintain its original form, which is conductive to preserving high dimensional structure and adjacent relation information of data. Tensor factorization plays an instrumental role in signal processing, especially image processing. However, the existing tensor-based fitting algorithms require a lot of time cost and have low fitting accuracy, which is more obvious when the image data is large. In this paper, an accelerated fitting algorithm based on the Canonical Polyadic (CP) tensor analysis is designed to process images. Compared with the existing tensor-based fitting algorithm, the developed algorithm greatly improves the fitting speed with high fitting accuracy, and can quickly reduce the noise of the image. Simulation results for color image show that our method have greatly improved the efficiency of image denoising.


In [9, 10] the authors investigated resistance distance in triangular grid graphs and observed several types of asymptotic behavior. This paper extends this work by studying the initial, non-asymptotic, behavior found when equivalent circuit transformations are performed, thus reducing the rows in the triangular grid graph one row at a time. The main conjecture characterizes when edge resistance values are less than, equal to, or greater than one after reducing an arbitrary number of times a triangular grid all of whose edge resistances are identically one. A special case of the conjecture is shown. The main theorem identifies patterns of repeating edge labels arising in diagonals of a triangular grid reduced s times provided the original grid had at least 4 s rows of triangles. This paper also improves upon the notation and concepts introduced by the authors previously, and provides improved proof techniques.


Searching information by using search engines and browsers is a tedious task for users. Navigational and informational search tasks are complicated by the fact that web servers always provide complete web pages and do not tailor their content to the user's current information need. In this paper, we present a proposal for the application of context-aware recommendation techniques to simulate human decision making when selecting elements of content to be included in an answer to an information need. As a first step towards live generation of content, we present results on our experimental study to capture decision criteria for this selection problem that web users apply in choosing content. These preferences could then later be formalized in terms of a knowledge-based context-aware and personalized model for recommending content during information search.


The article compares geomechanical estimates of structural elements of room-and-pillar method obtained by numerical calculations and physical simulation using photoelastic materials.


The purpose of the general music teaching to the students, whose major is not music is to develop the students' musical quality and artistic accomplishment, We should lay emphasis on numbered musical notation teaching in the first place, let the students know numbered musical notation as soon as possible and step into "the of musical palace", cultivate their mental perception ability of music, promote their intelligence and mould their sentiment.


Direct-driven spindles have no mechanical transmission trains and gears, and are the key actuators for computerized numerical control machine tools. These magnetically suspended rotor systems are required to provide fast response and high precision. However, these systems are non-linear and strongly coupled. The traditional proportional, integral, derivative (PID) control method has been widely used for such systems owing to its relative simple realization. However, the tracking, disturbance rejection and robustness properties of the controlled plant may not be satisfied. To solve these problems, this paper presents a decoupling control strategy based on an inverse system scheme and combines it with the internal model control method to guarantee system robustness to the parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. By introducing an inversion of the magnetically suspended rotor system into the original system, a new pseudolinear system is developed. It can be shown that this addition effectively eliminates the influence of the unmodelled dynamics, and improve the accuracy and robustness of the whole system. The simulation and experimental results show that when compared with the traditional control scheme, the proposed control scheme provides good decoupling and robustness performance for the magnetically suspended rotor system in different operating conditions.


The invention relates to a positioning device (7) for positioning a gas burner (4) in or on a cooking hob (2), with one or more gear sections (8) that are configured to engage in drag so in an opening (6) of a base (3) of the hob (2) tray, where the positioning device (7) is made of a plastic material.


IN PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FUNCTIONING IN OLD AGE: FINDINGS FROM THE HELSINKI BIRTH COHORT STUDY M. von Bonsdorff1, T. Törmäkangas1, M. Salonen2,5, C. Osmond3, T.L. Poranen-Clark1, E. Kajantie4, J. Eriksson2,5, 1. University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland, 2. Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland, 3. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, 4. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, 5. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Objective: We investigated the associations between size at birth and decline in physical and mental functioning in old age. Methods: 1072 individuals belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born in 1934-1944 participated in the study in 2001 and 2011-2013. Physical and mental functioning was assessed using the Short Form-36 questionnaire. Birth weight was retrieved from birth records and coded into three groups, cut-offs at 3.0 and 3.5kg. Results: In 2001 and 20112013 physical functioning was higher in groups with higher birth weight (ANOVA p=0.046, p=0.006, respectively), but there were no differences for mental functioning. During the follow-up, physical and mental functioning decreased in all three birth weight groups (p<0.001). Physical functioning was poorest in the lowest birth weight group compared to the other groups (p=0.043), although the group-by-time interaction did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Physical and mental functioning declined during the 10-year follow-up in the birth weight groups.


Lipid mediators play important role in renal injury many of lipid mediators are expressed and up regulated in response to toxins, drugs and in metabolic disorder. Lipid mediators also play role in vascular complication. So new intervention target can be thought by targeting the mediators Diabetic complication can be reduced unfortunately very few study are available to test the hypothesis and come to conclusion. But from all available study reports one can say targeting lipid mediators have future scope as well as limitation.


The purpose of this research is to increase the interest and the students' learning outcomes of science subjects class IV SDN Jetak 01 District Getasan, Semarang regency. The subjects of this study were 26 students of class IV. This type of research is a classroom action research (CAR). Data collection techniques used observation, test, and student response questionnaires. The results showed that learning using group investigation method assisted flanelgraf media can increase interest and student learning outcomes. The percentage of students' interest in learning reaches 97% in cycle one. There is an increase in learning outcomes, where the average pre cycle value is 71 and cycle one becomes 81. Keywords : group investigation, flanelgraf, students' interest, students' learning outcome, science


Physiotherapy is a social and ethical practice which unfolds under specific historical, political, socio-cultural and economic circumstances. Danish physiotherapy in a private context is practiced, administered and managed within a neoliberal ideology which generates challenges for both physiotherapists and their patients. This thesis aims to explore how physiotherapy in a Danish private context socially and ethically is practiced from the perspective of physiotherapists.
The thesis, which consists of four parts, is based on the same empirical material consisting of interviews with twenty-one physiotherapists and observation notes on the physical environments. The specific research aims in the studies have successively been developed through different epistemological approaches and analysis strategies.
The main findings show that physiotherapists in Danish private practice have a general interest in ethics which primarily is based on personal common sense arguments and intuitive feelings of ethics. The physiotherapists' practices are ethically grounded which are shown in many situations. Their consciousness on ethical issues is discursively constructed in the first sessions as these sessions arouse both ethical and economic considerations to keep the client. Further ethical issues arise when the physiotherapists' clientele are regarded as being at risk: in the meetings with the so-called 'difficult' patients as these situations do not just flow, they require ethical reflections and pedagogical strategies in order to keep them in the business. Beneficence is seen as the core value and as having importance in different relationships: towards the patient, the physiotherapists themselves and their businesses. To secure beneficence a paternalistic approach emerges towards the patient, where disciplining the patient into their 'regimes of truth' becomes a crucial element of practice in order to exploit the politically defined frames for optimising profit, showing how being beneficent seem to be led by structures of the neoliberal ideology which work behind the backs of the physiotherapists. Physiotherapy private practice in Denmark seems to reproduce the Western medical logic and practices whereby the physiotherapists unconsciously oppose their own political intentions to be an autonomous profession. Thus, physiotherapy in private practice inscribes itself as a 'wanna-be' profession. The thesis has several limitations as it built solely on Danish physiotherapists' articulations of their practices, their understandings of these and the researcher's observation notes. This means that choosing a specific context for the thesis the findings can only be transferred to similar contexts and neither to other private or public physiotherapeutic contexts in Denmark nor to other Western countries.


The structural applications of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites are gradually expanding in aerospace industry as a result of their outstanding mechanical properties such as high stiffness to weight ratio and fatigue resistance. With the increasing application, the need for understanding their mechanical behaviour and failure mechanisms also rises. Interfacial cracking between layers or delamination is one of the most common failure types in laminated fibre-reinforced composites due to their relatively weak inter-laminar strengths. Typically, delamination failures initiate and propagate under mixed mode effect of normal and shear stresses. Therefore, mixed mode delamination failure in fibrous composites has been one of the major issues being studied extensively in recent years. In this scope, the development of predictive, reliable and robust numerical and experimental analysis tools for quasi-static or cyclic mixed mode delamination of CFRPs is the major focus of this work. Quasi-static and cyclic mixed mode delamination failure in multidirectional CFRP laminates are analyzed using fracture experiments and finite element (FE) simulations.


The invention discloses a virtual test method for millimeter wave attenuation property of solid propellant plume. The method includes the steps of firstly, calculating a plume field and storing data; secondly, structurally gridding gaseous product plume field data, namely reading jet-area gaseous product flow field data, extracting non-structural grid points in axial coordinates, extracting non-structural grid points in radial coordinates, establishing a structural grid chart, and structurally gridding the gaseous product plume field data; thirdly, performing virtual test on plume millimeter wave attenuation property, namely setting initial parameters, determining a millimeter wave incoming direction, calculating millimeter wave attenuation values in rectangular grids in the incoming direction, and calculating millimeter wave attenuation values in the incoming direction. The method has the advantages that the steps are simple, the design is reasonable, the method is convenient to implement and effective in using, and the process of calculating plume millimeter wave attenuation for solid propellant plume can be completed simply, quickly and accurately.


Vietnam's taxation system has undergone fundamental reforms since 1990s. Tax reform program of the 2000-2010 period is released successfully, putting in place a tax system that meets the requirements of a market economy and necessary legal conditions for accession to the World Trade Organization. The Vietnamese Prime Minister ratified a tax system reform strategy for 2010-2020 with ambitious targets for renewing the tax system, accelerating reforms of tax administration and sharpening the competitiveness of domestic enterprises. Based on the framework of taxation theories and international tax reform experience, the present study finds that results of tax reform in Vietnam have been mixed. Tax structure in Vietnam has been evolved from an initial situation of high reliance on production and trade taxes, to greater reliance on taxes on consumption. By 2020, there are several challenges of tax reforms, which Vietnam needs to overcome, namely reform of tax structure to create a broad based tax system, tax administration to global standards with simpler administrative procedures, the long-term to harmonize tax system grounds between ASEAN members.


Infrastructure inspection robots and disaster respond robots are required. These robots are designed and manufactured for specific purposes and are not standardized. In order to develop robots that meet the on-site need and can be securely installed in a short period of time, a user-driven robot development methodology has been constructed. This methodology starts from the on-site need and defines system requirements based on the site environment and risk assessment. The design, prototype, and verification are repeated to satisfy the requirements. A survey robot using this methodology was deployed to Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, and an inspection robot for transmission lines was also developed. This methodology is similar to a waterfall approach. However, we would like to introduce an agile methodology to minimize development uncertainty and improve it through actual cases in the future.


Past theoretical work has shown that for low-frequency flow at a given ocean boundary location, a critical frequency ωc exists such that for ω > ωc unforced motion is trapped to the coast while for ω; < ωc energy leaves the coast. Alternatively, for motion of a given frequency ω on the boundary, there exists a critical latitude such that the motion is trapped to the coast poleward of that latitude but equatorward it is not. This theory is discussed physically for both meridional and nonmeridional boundaries. The simple formula for critical frequency along a nonmeridional boundary is used to document critical periods for the eastern and western Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean boundaries. The theory occasionally breaks down when boundary curvature is too large.


In this paper, the power level de-rating concept for high energy or long life systems will be presented. The relationship between de-rating and various generic failure modes will be discussed. Answers to some de-rating reliability related questions will be provided along with a generic de-rating reliability analysis methodology and modeling approach. The paper will also discuss the interrelationships among propulsion engine de-rating, engine out design and engine health management system with illustrative example. With the derating design, it is shown that the safety and reliability of a launch vehicle with a liquid propulsion system can be enhanced.


The paper reports the latest results of the authors' work within the project "Development of new methods for the characterization, modelling and correction of A/D and D/A conversion non- ideality, to contribute to the harmonization and the upgrade of the relative international standards", co- funded by Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research. In particular, an experimental investigation for the harmonization of the measures of the ADC dynamic performance in the frequency domain, according to the standards in the field, is described. The comparison results show a good degree of similitude among the results provided using procedures and formulas from different standards of IEEE and IEC.


A 58-year-old woman visited our hospital for further evaluation of her abnormal liver function test without any symptom. She had end stage renal disease and was undergoing hemodialysis. The initial laboratory findings showed high levels of serum AST (108 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (442 IU/L) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (960 IU/L). The serum concentrations of total and direct bilirubin were 0.5 and 0.3 mg/dL, respectively. All other laboratory parameters were within normal limits except for the level of carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (56.7 U/mL, normal range<32 U/mL). Ultrasonography demonstrated markedly dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts and a suspicious low-echoic mass in the pancreatic head. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a 3-cm enhancing polypoid mass in the dilated ventral pancreatic duct, suggestive of pancreatic head cancer associated with incomplete pancreas divisum and a thin branch of communication between the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts (Fig. 1a–c). The patient underwent pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. The gross specimen revealed that the intraductal mass originated from the ampulla (Fig. 2). Microscopic evaluation confirmed a well differentiated ampulla of Vater (AoV) cancer arising from high-grade tubopapillary neoplasm. The tumor was confined to the AoV without any lymph node metastasis. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful and she recovered well without recurrence for 6 months of surgery. Pancreas divisum is a congenital anomaly resulting from the non-fusion of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts during fetal development. Classical divisum (subtype 1) shows a total failure of the fusion of the ducts. Complete divisum (subtype 2) shows only dominant dorsal drainage without the duct of Wirsung. Incomplete pancreas divisum (subtype 3) has an inadequate communication between the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts. An increased incidence of pancreaticobiliary malignant tumors has been reported in patients with anatomical variants of the pancreatic duct system. A possible explanation is that pancreatic duct obstruction might cause stasis, prolonging the exposure to oncogenic agents which may be result into tumor formation. Therefore, patients with pancreas divisum should be carefully followed up because they are at a greater risk of developing pancreaticobiliary malignancies.


This study examines the post imagery self report transcripts from a three week interventions among weightlifters (n=9). The transcripts were qualitatively analyzed to identify the ineffective cognitive habits (psychological impediments). From 54 self report transcripts, statements (n=61) which focused on psychological impediments were considered as raw data .The self report texts were content analyzed and grouped into themes to induct general dimensions. Results indicate four general dimensions of psychological impediments viz: 'physical demand', 'psychological demand', 'underperformance' and 'perceived self worth'. 'Physical demand' and 'psychological demand' emerged as the prominent dimensions causing psychological impediments for high level performance.


The preparation process is optimized by using an orthogonal design and HPLC.The extraction rate and content of Artemether have been taken for the observed indexes.The best etherification condition for dihydroArtemisinine is A2B3C4D1.The ratio of methanol volume over dichloromethane volume is 1∶2,the rate of accelerating agent dosage 10∶1,the reaction temperature 40℃ and the reaction time 1.5 hours.When meeting all the conditions,the optimal preparation process was feasible.


For avoiding competition with food production, marginal land is economically and environmentally highly attractive for biomass production with short‐rotation coppices (SRCs) of fast‐growing tree species such as poplars. Herein, we evaluated the environmental impacts of technological, agronomic, and environmental aspects of bioenergy production from hybrid poplar SRC cultivation on marginal land in southern Germany. For this purpose, different management regimes were considered within a 21‐year lifetime (combining measurements and modeling approaches) by means of a holistic Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). We analyzed two coppicing rotation lengths (7 × 3 and 3 × 7 years) and seven nitrogen fertilization rates and included all processes starting from site preparation, planting and coppicing, wood chipping, and heat production up to final stump removal. The 7‐year rotation cycles clearly resulted in higher biomass yields and reduced environmental impacts such as nitrate (NO3) leaching and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Fertilization rates were positively related to enhanced biomass accumulation, but these benefits did not counterbalance the negative impacts on the environment due to increased nitrate leaching and N2O emissions. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the heat production from poplar SRC on marginal land ranged between 8 and 46 kg CO2‐eq. GJ−1 (or 11–57 Mg CO2‐eq. ha−1). However, if the produced wood chips substitute oil heating, up to 123 Mg CO2‐eq. ha−1 can be saved, if produced in a 7‐year rotation without fertilization. Dissecting the entire bioenergy production chain, our study shows that environmental impacts occurred mainly during combustion and storage of wood chips, while technological aspects of establishment, harvesting, and transportation played a negligible role.


Abstract : This document reports on the results of an expedition to study bioluminescence in the western Alboran Sea of the Mediterranean in April of 1991. Two oceanographic research vessels and a research submersible were involved in making extensive measurements of bioluminescence and optical properties, as wall as related biological and physical parameters. The primary research tool used was the HIDEX, a high resolution, state-of-the-art bathyphotometer. The results reported here cover only bioluminescence and related biological measurements made from the USNS Bartlett. Recommendations are given for survey requirements needed to extend measurements seasonally and geographically in this region of the Mediterranean. Bioluminescence, Optical Properties


The paper defines an abstract function to the language including continued two "0" or continued two "1",and uses mealy machine as a machine modle of the problem, and gives an argument to the second problem,in which (0+1)  doesnt include any substring "ω", "ω" repeats for three times in it.


The existence of useful weather forecast information can help various parties in doing their activities. In this study, weather forecasts were made using a new Artificial Intelligence method called Knowledge Growing System. The Knowledge Growing System utilizes weather indication criteria as the basis of weather forecasts. Based on indicators that have been determined in this study, the A3S algorithm can be used to predict the occurrence according to the indicated indication with the accuracy of 70.86%. The best scenario of the study was able to forecast with an accuracy of 79%. This result suggests that decision-making is necessary considering the OM-A3S forecasts and readings from A3S for optimal forecasting results.


The invention generally relates to a solid sheet based on polyolefin for spacers or packagings. Specifically, this plate is formed from at least one layer and comprises at least one polyolefin and talc. The invention finds application in the field of packaging.


This is an open letter to the Turkish Minister of Culture and Tourism on professional concerns about the transfer of public libraries to local administration.


In order to enhance human resources within the IM Division, all company activities must be aligned with the company's objectives. Effective communication is crucial in achieving these goals and obtaining information to inform decision making. The Brio system is an example of technology acceptance, as it provides data on liquefied gas usage and tank levels to customers. The system must be reliable in sending this data to the distribution department to effectively analyze customer needs. The information gathered through effective communication and technology acceptance through the Brio system can then be utilized as data for making well-informed and low-risk decisions. These two independent variables, communication and technology acceptance, along with decision making as the intervening variable, play a significant role in improving employee performance. They assist management in the process of enhancing employee performance within the company.


Abstract Hydrogen bonded coordination polymers, {[CU(CA)(H2O)2 (H2O)}n, [Cu(CA)(MeOH)2 n (H2CA; chloranilic acid), and related polycrystalline analogs have been structurally and magnetically characterized. 1-Dimensional (1-D) weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction (J = -2.01 cm−1) was observed in {[Cu(CA)(H2O)2 (H2O)}n, which has a 3-dimensional hydrogen bond network in the crystal. This polycrystalline form liberates the water molecules to be [Cu(CA) n, which is known as the Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Powder X-ray diffraction and thermal data show that the framework constructed by 1-D chains are so stable that water molecules readily come out without breaking the 1-D chains. Two types of coordination polymers ([Cu(CA)(MeOH)2 n and [Cu(CA)(MeOH) n) containing axially coordinated MeOH have been prepared. [Cu(CA)(MeOH) n has strong and anomalous antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in the crystal, indicating a new phase of Cu/CA systems, such as a mixed valence state, and if so the coordinated MeOH...


Bringing biotechnology products to market is a challenging endeavor. Relative to other industries, investment in R&D is quite high in the biotech industry [Technology Review, 2005]. In addition, the biotech industry is critically dependent on manufacturing process innovation [Pisano, 1997; Lim et al., 2006]. The manufacturing processes used to produce these complex medicines must satisfy stringent regulatory and quality requirements. These manufacturing processes are developed through the execution of large capital investment projects. The projects are characterized by long lead times, high levels of complexity and coordination, intensive use of resources, and sizable technical, financial, and regulatory risks. With all these challenges, it is clear that concentrated management attention and excellent project practices are critical to success. This study will describe the efforts of a biotech firm to create a project office center of excellence. We will examine how the project office implemented a comprehensive capital project phase model, as well as providing details on the phase model itself. A range of organizational, technical, and behavioral obstacles will be discussed, along with the approaches used to overcome these obstacles. We will offer lessons learned on how to implement change and improve project performance.


Unconsolidated and permeable alluvial deposit composed of sand and gravel is distributed along the fluvial plain at the Iryong study area. Previous studies on the area show that a single alluvial well can produce at least 1,650m3d-1 of bank infilterated shallow groundwater(BIGW) from the deposit. This study is aimed to evaluate and simulate the influence that seasonal variation of water levels and temperatures of the liver have an effect on those of BIGW under the pumping condition and also to compare seasonal variation of COPs when indirectly pumped BIGW or directly pumped surface water are used for a water to water heat pump system as an heat source and sink using 3 D flow and heat transport model of Feflow. The result shows that the magnitude influenced to water level of BIGW by fluctuation of river water level in summer and winter is about 48% and 75% of Nakdong river water level separately. Seasonal change of river water temperature is about 23.7 ℃, on other hand that of BIGW is only 3.8℃. The seasonal temperatures of BIGW are ranged from minimum 14.5℃ in cold winter(january) and maximum 18.3℃ in hot summer(July). It stands for that BIGW is a good source of heat energy for heating and cooling system owing to maintaining quite similar temperature(16℃) of background shallow groundwater. Average COPh in winter time and COPc in surnmer time of BIGW and surface water are estimated about 3.95, 3.5, and about 6.16 and 4.81 respectively. It clearly indicates that coefficient of performance of heat pump system using BIGW are higher than 12.9% in winter time and 28.1% in summer time in comparision with those of surface water.


Abstract : This research effort addresses modeling of the transportation of air pollution in the atmosphere and the numerical analysis of the partial differential equations used in such modeling. Three Gaussian models are examined and compared using example problems. Several finite difference schemes are developed to solve the partial differential equations used in air pollution transport modeling. This study examines three Gaussian models: SCREEN, AFTOX, and the program GAUSPLUM. The model GAUSPLUM is developed in this study and uses the Ada programming language and the analytic solution to the advection- diffusion equation. Numerical analysis of the partial differential equations (PDE) used in air pollution modeling is also examined. The equations are generally parabolic or hyperbolic PDE's. The following are examined in this research: the advection equation; the one-, two-, and three-dimensional advection-diffusion equations; and the two-dimensional steady-state equation.


This paper investigates the two stage half-effect absorption system. The main components of this system are: the condenser, the evaporator, the two generators (low pressure generator and high pressure generator) and the two absorbers (low pressure absorber and high pressure absorber). The evaporator and low pressure absorber operate at low pressure (evaporation pressure Pev). The low generator pressure and high absorber pressure operate at intermediate pressure (Pi) and the high generator pressure and the condenser operate at high pressure (condenser pressure, Pcd). For a given set of generators, evaporator, condenser and absorbers temperatures, the intermediate pressure (Pi) must be optimized to get a maximum coefficient of performance 'COP' and exergy efficiency of the system. This paper enables us to obtain immediately the intermediate pressure, Pi through a newly developed correlation. This correlation is valid for a commonly used chilled water temperature (12°C/7°C) when the evaporation temperature is maintained at 4°C, condenser and absorber temperatures are varied from 28°C to 38°C and generator temperature is varied from 40°C to 80°C. It is found that the maximum COP values of the half-effect cooling systems are in the range of 0.41–0.43 and the maximum exergetic efficiency for half-effect cooling systems are in the range of 14.7%–22.6%.


Newly emerged and sexually mature face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer, were fed 0.5% of apholate in their diet for 1 day. Complete sexual sterility resulted from feeding this dosage to sexually mature female flies; only 78% net sterility resulted when mature males received the same amount of apholate. This concentration of sterilant produced 86 and 82% net sterility, respectively, in newly emerged face flies, both male and female.

In further tests 9.1 µg of actual apholate imbibed as a food additive was effective in producing complete sexual sterility in mature females and 10.4 µg imbibed were only 52.0% effective in controlling reproduction in newly emerged females.

Topical applications of apholate to newly emerged and sexually mature females indicated little difference in the susceptibility of the 2 groups to the sterilant.

Quantitative measurements of food consumption indicated that mature females consumed approximately twice as much food as newly emerged females.


Achieving peace and building the institutions that will make it last require much time and effort on the part of adversaries. While making this effort, the likelihood of peace is uncertain and preparations for confict are on-going. We examine a setting that takes such considerations into account. Adversaries divide their resources between "guns," "butter," and investments in conflict management.


Begins with internal business and financial buying and guides readers through identification and investigation of a business to be acquired; negotiations and financial valuation methods; structuring considerations; accounting treatment; antitrust securities and other legal considerations; tax-free


As a result of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, which began with unfounded territorial claims by Armenian nationalists, the Caucasus has become one of the hottest regions in the world. The international legal manifestations of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict are clearly visible. Thus, the occupation of Azerbaijani lands, the living conditions of people expelled from the occupied territories, which are reflected in international agreements, freedom, property, non-torture, etc. Violation of Armenia's rights clearly shows Armenia's violation of the norms and principles of international law. The restoration of a comprehensive, just peace in the Caucasus can be achieved only on the basis of adherence to the universally recognized norms and principles of international law. Key words: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan, human rights violations, international law, international legal manifestations of the conflict


The chemical cleaning of boiler super heat or reheat sections to remove oxidation products is becoming a common practice, and successful cleaning depends on a knowledge of the composition of the corrosion products. In an attempt to determine why certain superheat and reheat deposits behave differently in the same cleaning solvents, deposit samples were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyzer in addition to x-ray diffractometry. The procedures and results are described. The SEM and EDX analyzer proved very useful in the analysis and charcterization of corrosion products found in superheat and reheat tubes. Deposits, which have similar x-ray diffraction patterns but exhibit different dissolution properties, were studied and the information obtained through the SEM has been helpful in explaining deposit-dissolving problems. The shift in x-ray diffraction peaks was very slight with the substitution of chromium in the spinel crystal structure and routine analysis frequently identifies this deposit as magnetite. Spinels that are formed in the low chromium alloy ferritic steel reheat and superheat areas have been difficult to chemically clean. The identification of chromium in these deposits helps explain the variability that occurs in the dissolution.


This work studies an algorithm, which we call magnetic mirror descent, that is inspired by mirror descent and the non-Euclidean proximal gradient algorithm. Our contribution is demonstrating the virtues of magnetic mirror descent as both an equilibrium solver and as an approach to reinforcement learning in two-player zero-sum games. These virtues include: 1) Being the first quantal response equilibria solver to achieve linear convergence for extensive-form games with first order feedback; 2) Being the first standard reinforcement learning algorithm to achieve empirically competitive results with CFR in tabular settings; 3) Achieving favorable performance in 3x3 Dark Hex and Phantom Tic-Tac-Toe as a self-play deep reinforcement learning algorithm.


The core technique of CFG-pile (cement fly-ash gravel pile) composite foundation is the setting of cushion, of which the rationality will greatly affect the foundation carrying capacity and distortion characteristic. Based on Terzaghis consolidation theory the mechanism of cushion for CFG-pile composite foundation is discussed in detail; and on this way the optimum space between piles, the thickness of cushion, the pile-soil stress ratio and the actual ratio of replacement are deduced. Compared to engineering example , these solutions are quite accurate so as to actually instruct the design of CFG-pile composite foundation.


In this paper, the security of a fragile digital watermarking for image tamper detection and recovery proposed in Reference 1 is analyzed. It is shown that the secret key for watermark embedding and detection can be easily obtained by exhaustive search, while keeping the number of the necessary exhaustive searches small. Therefore, one may counterfeit watermarks successfully, resulting in incorrect authentication. The possible solutions for such problems are suggested in this paper.


A number of methods have been proposed to solve the equilibrium problems, one of which is an extragradient method that is particularly interesting and effective. In this paper, we introduce a modified subgradient extragradient method to solve the equilibrium problems in a real Hilbert space. The proposed method uses a non-monotonic step size rule based on local bi-function information instead of its Lipschitz-type constant or other line search method and is capable of solving pseudo-monotone equilibrium problems. Our method only needs to solve a strongly convex programming problem per iteration. Applications of the designed algorithm are presented in order to solve fixed-point problems and variational inequalities. Finally, several computational experiments are studied to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of our study include many similar literature studies and detailed numerical studies also show their potential usefulness.


Previous studies have shown that pain associated with breast compression is a significant cause for low compliance with screening mammography guidelines. DBT is replacing standard 2D mammography for cancer screening in many institutions in the United States. Studies of DBT and its potential to perform breast imaging with reduced breast compression have shown promising results without implementation of special acquisition techniques or image processing. This reduction in compression, if it results in a reduction in pain, could increase screening compliance. To address this issue, researchers planned a two-part study to determine the limit of compression reduction in mammography and DBT in both craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views and their impact on perceived pain.


Remaking Horror chronicles the American horror genre in its development of remake titles from the 1930s to 21st century films. The book investigates Gus Van Sant's 1998 remake of Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960) as the watershed moment when the horror genre opened its doors to the possibility of that horror movie--classic, modern, B-movie, and more--might be remade for contemporary audiences. Staple horror franchises--Halloween (1978), Friday the 13th (1980), and A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)--are highlighted along with their remake counterparts in order to illustrate how the genre has embraced a phenomenon of remake productions and what the future of horror holds for American cinema. More than 25 original films, their remakes, and the movies they influenced are presented in detailed discussions throughout the text.


A finite element formulation of a reduction method for dynamic stability analysis of imperfection‐sensitive shell structures is presented. The reduction method makes use of a perturbation approach, initially developed for static buckling and later extended to dynamic buckling analysis. The single mode dynamic buckling analysis and its extension to parametric excitation analysis are described. The approach is available within a general purpose finite element code. Characteristic results for the parametric excitation analysis of a composite cylindrical shell are shown. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Series Editor's Preface Author Preface Part I: General Introduction 1. lato and the Republic Part II: The Argument of the Republic 2. What is Justice? (Book 1) 3. What good is justice? (Books 1-2) 4. Justice in the city (Books 2-4) 5. Justice in the soul (Book 4) 6. Radical politics (Books 5-7) 7. Metaphysics and epistemology (Books 5-7) 8. Injustice in the soul and the city (Books 8-9) 9. Art and immorality (Book 10) Part III: General Issues 10. Plato's ethics and politics 11. Plato's metaphysics and epistemology 12. Plato's abuses and uses of poetry 13. The afterlife of the Republic Appendix Bibliography Index


Socio-economic and socio-political changes taking place in modern Russia cause the demand for psycho-pedagogical support of biological families. The recognition of the child's right to live and be raised in a family actualizes the problem of de-institutionalization as the main strategy for prevention of social orphanhood the recognition of the value of family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood. The above identifies the need to develop a program of psychological and pedagogical support of biological families of children brought up in institutions for orphans and children left without parental care. The program is aimed at practical implementation of modern approaches in the work with biological families, optimal forms and methods of interaction to strengthen the parent-child relationship, causing significant changes in the family system, ensuring realization and protection of the right of the child to live and grow up in the family.


The Jews of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe were hardly unaffected by the intellectual currents that coursed through the territo-ries in which they lived. As a matter of fact, by breaking down the walls of ghettos and reconstituting Jews as citizens, the process of Jewish emancipation in western and central Europe not only exposed more and more Jews to those currents, it made those currents vital to their lives. Even in eastern Europe, where the process of Jewish emancipation was stillborn, constantly increasing numbers of Jews embraced the same ideas that attracted their brethren to the west. Three factors contributed to the spread of new intellectual currents east. First, the pale and the restrictions it imposed on the lives of Jews appeared relatively late in Jewish history and were thus unsanctified by long-standing tradition. It was not strange that many Jews living in this "unnatural" state would heed the siren song of new ideas, just as it was not strange that many would seek out the West as a place of refuge. Furthermore, conditions intruding on the pale made these ideas relevant to its Jewish inhabitants. In the last chapter, we saw how urbanization, the expansion of state capabilities and demands, and the spread of market relations affected pale life. Ideas originating in the West and imported to the pale were not just coherent with the new social and economic dispensation, they provided its underlying principles. Finally, the Russian government itself promoted the spread of new ideas in the pale through its Russification program. As we have seen, during the 1840s the imperial government began building Russian-language secular schools in the pale. Because the number of qualified Jewish teachers was inadequate to meet the government's needs, these schools came to employ non-Jewish instructors, who, if not entirely sympathetic to western European ideas, provided their pupils with the linguistic training necessary to master them.


Objective To investigate the expression of micro vessel density(MVD) in rectal carcinoma.Methods The MVD of the 31 rectal carcinoma and 5 rectal adenomas was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results The mean of MVD in 5 rectal adenomas is lower than that in 31 rectal carcinoma(32 20±5 59 and 82 74±30 41,respectively), P 0 05.In 31 rectal carcinoma,the mean of MVD is related with age,invasive depth,metastasis of lymph nodes and distant metastasis( P 0 05),not related with sex,the shape of tumor,histological type and pathological grade( P 0 05).Conclusions MVD of rectal carcinoma is closely related with its pathological stage and MVD may be regarded as a prognostic factor in rectal carcinoma.


Silicate stardust in IDPs and meteorites include forsterite, amorphous silicates, and GEMS grains [1]. Amorphous presolar silicates are much less abundant than expected based on astronomical models [2], possibly destroyed by parent body alteration. A more accurate accounting of presolar silicate mineralogy may be preserved in anhydrous IDPs. Here we present results of coordinated TEM and isotopic analyses of an anhydrous IDP (L2005AL5) that is comprised of crystalline silicates and sulfides, GEMS grains, and equilibrated aggregates embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. Nanometer-scale quantitative compositional maps of all grains in two microtome thin sections were obtained with a JEOL 2500SE. These sections were then subjected to O and N isotopic imaging with the JSC NanoSIMS 50L. Coordinated high resolution chemical maps and O isotopic com-positions were obtained on 11 GEMS grains, 8 crystalline grains, and 6 equilibrated aggregates.


AS-1163; This publication is
designed to help you learn
about the concepts of valuebased
beef cattle production
and marketing. It consists of
information you can use to help
you take market beef animals
from weaning (preconditioning)
to finish. The major focus
centers around producing a
high quality beef end product
for the consumer while adding
profitability to the beef cattle
enterprise.


Tlle bacteria in the alimentary canal, in virtue of the lligh fermentative activity whiclh many of them possess, carry out protein cleavage to a point beyond that whiclh the body demands for its own nutritional needs, and certain of the products which thus arise are actually lharmful to the host. But this lhas always been so, ever since bacteria took up their residence in the alimentary canal of animals, and it has been necessary for aniimals to evolve some meanas of chemical antagonism to neutralize this harmful effect. We are still in comparative ignorance of the precise chemical mechanism by which this permanent menace is met in health, but that it is so met is certain, for in health we remain untouched. It is conjectured that one of the functions of the thyroid gland is to deal with this matter. A number of observations by different workers have slhown that the activity of this gland is excited by the presence of bacterial toxins, and it has been asserted by certain observers that thyroidectomized animais are abnormally susceptible to infective processes. It is possible tlhat the antitoxic functions of the thyroid extend to chemical poisons other than bacterial toxins. Be this as it mav, it is clear that the body in some way compensates the, ordlinary activities of bacteria in the intestinal tract, so that no harm results, Only when such bacterial decompositions are excessive, and when faecal retention affords unusual opportunities for the absorption of the produLcts, are symptoms manifested. Tlanls to the labours of chemists, our knowledge of tlhe protein decomposition products is fairly extensive, though ouLr knowledge as to their toxicity is incomplete. Most of them appear-to be of feeble toxic powers, but,it must not too hastily be assumed from animal experiment that such substances as, for example, indol are so harmless as they gvould appear. I am very far from agreeing with the recent hypothesis suggested by Metehnikoff as to the r6I of indol and allied substances in the causation of arteriai degeneration, for the evidence put forward seems to be wholly insufficient. But we can to some extent measure the absorption of indol by the excretion of indican in the urine and correlate its excess with clinical phenomena. The excessive indicaniuria in conditions of mental depression and melancholia, for a knowledge of which I have to thank Mr. Mackenzie Wallis, may be of great pathological significance, and m]ay outiweigh any llegative evidence derived from animal experiment. There is also a possibility, for the suggestion of which I again owe my thanks to Mr. Wallis, that excessive bacterial activity in the intestine may have its negative as well as its positive influence. Thus, still to take indol as an instance, it is known that this substance is derived from tlhe tryptophane element in proteins. If tryptoplhane is ani important element in tissue nutrition, it may be that excessive splitting up of this substance in the ilntestine by bacteria may lead to tissue starvation in an important detail. An elemenat in a supposed alimentary toxaemia meay possibly be due not so much to the positively toxic actioin of the derivative as to tlle absence of the needful suLbstanlce fronm whiclh it has been derived. I must leave suclh considerations to those who follow in this discussion. Bacter'ia, however, may do miiore tlhani provoke m-lerely feritientative changes in the miediuLmil in whlichl tlley are gro-wing. They produce, in virtue of tlicir own i''t-insic metabolism-l, stubstances of unknown clhemlical composition whicll are deleterious to tlleir hosts. aind w-hiich we must be content to ternm " toxins " in tl 1f miore exact linowledge. It is establislhed t, a very fewbacteria produce soluble toxinms wllicll pass out iilto tlle surrounding muediumii witlhout aniy disintegration of the bacterial body. These are the pre-emninenltly " toxic' bacteria, of which the diphtheria anid tetanus bacilli are the coninonest examiiples, and they lie outside our present sub)jeCt. Inideed, almost the only essentially toxic bacteriuimii which could be draaged into the discussion is vanl Erimiengein's B. botulinius, present in certain ham poisonimtgs, thioughl B. p)yocyaneus might perhaps also be incltuded. Buit tlhe great mlajority of pathogenic bacteria, and practically all those whichl are nomally saproph1ytic inl thle alimenltary canal, form no soluble toxins; so far as thley possess toxic properties, thlese reside in the bacterial protoplasml itself anld are liberated only on its dissolution -so-called "cndotoxinls2' Bacteria are, of course, constantly undergoing dissolution in the alimentary canal, and one cannot dispute tllh possibility of harmful effects from sucLh endotoxins oil absorption. But we are in almost complete ignorance of th(3 extent to which alimentary toxacinia rests on sucil a basis. So far as concerns the normal intestinal flora, I should be disposed to believe that poisoning by bacterial endotoxins plays a comparatively negligible-part in the process. As soon as evidence is brought forward showing this to be the case I slhall be ready to accept it, but so far there is none, and it is probable that the endotoxins of most of tlle normal inhabitants of the alimentary canal are of very feeble virulence, though those of the colon bacillus miiay perhaps prove of some importance. This does not, of course, apply to cases of infective enteritis, in which the absorption of bacterial toxins plays a large part in the production of the constitutional symptonms. To sum up what I have said as to the part played by bacteria in alimentary toxaemia, it seems to me reasonable to lay down the following propositions: 1. In an important group of cases the poisoning is by foreign proteins, as such, the defect lying in the liveiwhich ought to shield the body from their effects. Witl tllis bacteria have, as a rule, nothing to do. 2. The main effect of bacterial activity in the production of alimeatary toxaemia lies in their ability to carry out protein cleavages beyond the capacity of the ordinary digestive ferments, with the formation of products whicli, when in excess, the body is unable to neutralize. 3. There is at present little evidence that true toxins, derived fiom the ordinary flora of the gut, soluble or intracellular, play much part in alimentary toxaemia.


................................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1 The Phenomenon of Kaigaishijo in an American School................................2 Statement of the Problem..................................................................................... 10 Statement of the Purpose........................................................................................ 14 Limitations and Delimitations................................................................................ 17 Definitions of Key Terms....................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2 When Cultures Interface.................................................................................. 22 The Chinese Experience in America...................................................................... 27 The Japanese Experience in America..................................................................... 30 Marginality............................................................................................................35 Involuntary Minorities.......................................................................................... 37 Interpersonal Relationships.................................................................................. 38 Educational Environment..................................................................................... 44 Language Proficiency........................................................................................... 46 Maturation............................................................................................................. 47 Summary............................................................................................................... 49


Glomus tumors are perivascular neoplasms, derived from modified smooth muscle cells of a neuromyoarterial glomuscommonly termed a glomus body-with the function of temperature regulation through arteriovenous shunting of blood (1). Glomus tumors are rare and have been reported in approximately 1.6% of patients with primary soft tissue tumors of upper and lower extremities (2). The lesion characteristically occurs in a digital subungual location, presenting with welllocalized pain that is exacerbated by temperature changes. Although tumors are most often located on the digits, up to 45% of glomus tumors are extradigital, with common locations being the hands, arms, legs, and trunk (3, 4). Glomus tumors may also develop in sites where normal glomus bodies may be sparse or even absent, such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, lung, and trachea, as well as intraosseous and intraneural locations (3). In the musculoskeletal system, extradigital glomus tumors have been described around the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle (5). There have been several reported cases of extradigital glomus tumors in the thigh. In the majority of these cases, the tumors were located superficially, such as the subcutaneous and intramuscular tissues (6). To our knowledge, there have been only three reported cases of periosteal glomus tumors adjacent to the femoral cortex (7-9). We report a rare case of a histologically proven glomus tumor found in the periosteal location of the distal femur. An Unusual Cause of Knee Pain: Periosteal Glomus Tumor of the Distal Femur 무릎 통증의 드문 원인: 원위 대퇴골 골막주위 사구 종양


The covid-19 pandemic situation has occurred more than 1 year, so many people do not do much activities outdoor. This has impact on the health and physical fitness of the elderly in RW III, Kebraon, Karang Pilang Surabaya. Objective: Health education about effort to improve physical fitness in the elderly can be a solution to improve the qualityof life of the elderly during a pandemic. Methods: used in this communityservice are lectures, leaflet, and question and answers. This community service is carried out for elderly in RW III Kebraon, Karang Pilang, Surabaya. 30 elderly and elderly posyandu cadre participated in this activity. Result: the result obtained in this community service were an increase in behavioral aspects of knowledge about physical fitness increased by 100%, types of physical activity that can improve physical fitness in increased 93%, elderly who understood the benefit of physical activity increased 87%, and 63% of the elderly would do physical activity in accordance with the appropriate dose. Based on the result ont community service, it can be concluded that helath education is very effective, thereby increasing the elderly's understanding of the benefits of exercise and physical activity, type of activity and dose of the exercise that can improve physical fitness in the elderly


This paper has provided an investigation with the effect of the three surfactants Triton X-100,Tween-80,SDBS on the remediation of the soil polluted by high concentration nitrobenzene.The authors have also studied the effect of soil adsorption of the three surfactants.The leaching experiments indicate that the elution eficiency of nitrobenzene from the soil by the above surfactants are not greater than distilled water.At the same time,the soil proves to absorb the surfactants stronger,thus leading to serious disadvantages in removing the nitrobenzene in it.


We have investigated the magnetic, thermodynamic, transport, and electronic properties across the transition from the divalent antiferromagnetic state to the valence fluctuating state of Eu in the alloy ${\mathrm{EuCu}}_{2}({\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{x}{)}_{2}.$ The antiferromagnetic state is very stable from $x=0$ up to $x=0.6$ and disappears rather abruptly at ${x}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}0.65.$ Near the crossover, we confirmed a pronounced Kondo-like behavior in the resistivity and in the thermopower. Further on, for x slightly larger than ${x}_{c},$ we observe the formation of a heavy Fermi liquid at low temperatures, as evidenced by a large linear coefficient of the specific heat $(\ensuremath{\gamma}=191{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{K}}^{2}\mathrm{mol}$ for $x=0.7),$ a large quadratic term in the resistivity and a strongly enhanced constant susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}.$ This is a unique observation of heavy fermion behavior in a Eu compound. The photoemission spectra of the Eu $4f$ and $3d$ core levels indicate significant valence fluctuation even for $xl{x}_{c}$ in the magnetically ordered regime. The decrease of ${T}_{N}$ before reaching the critical point as well as the Kondo and the heavy fermion behavior found near ${x}_{c}$ are in strong contrast to the observation in typical Eu systems, which usually show a first-order transition from a (almost) divalent state to a strongly valence fluctuating Eu state.


The design of a rectangular-coaxial vertical interconnection structure based on micro-additive manufacturing technology is presented in this paper. This vertical interconnection is realized with quasi-coaxial structure with square cross section composed of Sn-based solder balls and is designed to connect coaxial transmission lines at different layers. Simulation results show that the insertion loss is $\lt 0.2$ dB and the S11 is $\lt -20$ dB from 0.1-110 GHz. In addition, the isolation between two vertical interconnections is higher than 50 dB.


Rotating magnetic field (RMF) and contact measurements of electrical conductivity have been made on two liquid semiconductor systems In-Te and Sb-Te with a view to checking on discrepancies between published values of the two types of measurement. For the In-Te system good agreement of the present RMF measurements was found with the published contact measurements, whilst for the Sb-Te system good agreement between present RMF and contact measurements was found (except at one composition). In both cases, the present RMF measurements disagreed with previously published RMF measurements. For material of composition Sb20Te80 disagreement between the present RMF and contact measurements was found. This is not understood but it is suggested it may possibly be due to immiscibility in the liquid of this composition.


How far has Newtonian scholarship progressed in the course of two decades? Until the 1990s, those students of the "other" Sir Isaac New ton-the theologian and the alchemist wrote as if an apology might be in order, or at least a self-justification. Today, the opposite appears to be the case. Theology is at the "front and center" of the Newtonian industry, Margaret Jacob informs us in her introduction to Newton and Newtonianism, "followed by the alchemical-chemical, and the ever persistent questions about Newton's legacy" (p. ix). This radical shift of scholarly interests away from the mathematical and physical sciences, viewed approvingly by Jacob, coincides with the passing of "the greats" of the older generation-albeit Jacob is a bit premature in pronounc ing Tom Whiteside's demise. It also dovetails with the position held by Betty Jo Dobbs that there existed a "unified Newton, held together by the fabric of his deep religiosity" (p. xi). While such a position is open to debate, Jacob's comment that Dobbs' own "religious core" situated her "closer to her subject than more secularist scholars might hope to be" (p. xi) is cause for some concern. The implication that secular


According to many years of practice of Guilin Water and Power Construction Quality Supervision Station,some working methods are summarized including dividing responsible zones,selective check for normal project,entering and stationing important project,setting up and improving report system and supervision declare procedure,combining supervision with service.Publicity,education and training shall be given to upgrade supervision capability,improve supervision means and ensure project quality.


Human beings have physical and psychological limits, but also ethical, which are precisely what make their actions human. These ethical limits enable any debate and investigation, in particular, with human beings. Therefore, any investigation would be unfeasi- ble without those limits. We talk about ethical limits, not in the sense of impediment but in the sense of possibility for action; you can only speak of ethical limits if you af rm a truth that is valid for everyone and for all times, regardless of oneself. We are witnessing a true progress as long as a research is carried out for the bene t of human beings. That's right; you can only speak of progress if it is understood in a growth in humanity.


Similarities between dynamics of innovations and biological evolution call for suggesting 'innovation Darwinian' ('memetic') assumptions about IT (information technology) innovations. New IT innova ...


This article explores trends in curriculum development in peace studies over the last two decades. It isolates three different time periods and the corresponding themes that have dominated them, paying particular attention to the development of new substantive areas of interest and to the challenges that each era has faced in the implementation of peace studies. Each era of peace studies development has been stimulated by the larger sociopolitical debates of the time, yet the continuity of substantive themes and pedagogical challenges testifies that peace studies is not a teaching and research field that merely parodies the trends of the time. The article concludes with a brief statement about the importance of peace studies to university education.


In 19 40 a treatment des ign ed to destroy the Medit erranean fru it fly and th e melon fly in a number of frui t s and vegetables, including tomato , was approved for th e sh ipment of th ese as fresh commoditi e s to th e Main land. Thi s treatment con sisted of fumi gation with methy l bromid e at a dosage of 2 pounds per 1,000 cubic fe et for 3~ hour s at a min imum temper atur e of 80 0 F. (1). ,Aft er th e discovery of the Oriental frui t fly in Hawaii s ever al ye ars ago, certification of this treatm ent was re sc inded for exported co mmoditie s. Se arch for a sati sfactory treatment th at wou ld destro y this ne w fruit fly in addition to the other fruit flies without damagin g the tomato was instituted. This involved the use of many different treatments. One treatment that appears promising was developed from these studies'. It is the purpose of this paper to present data on th e tolerance of different variet ie s of tomatoes to this treatment which as yet has not been appro ved for tom atoes to be exported.


For supplying a scientific basis for uniting the normal reference value standard of platelet of Chinese adult male,a research was made about the relationship between the normal reference value of 12 670 examples of platelet of Chinese healthy adult male and seven geographical factors in 100 areas in China.


Aron tackles Eric Weinstein's theory of unifying quantum mechanics and general relativity. Physicists working on unification are usually trying to create a quantum version of general relativity. Weinstein believes people should instead start with the basic geometric tools of general relativity and extend the equations in mathematically beautiful ways. Then they can try to match the equations with reality. At the heart of Weinstein's theory is the "observerse", a 14-dimensional space that contains the familiar four-dimensional world, with its three of space and one of time


For the sake of eliminating the power quality problems including negative-sequence and reactive power currents at the electric railway traction power supply system, a new type of co-phase traction power supply system (CTPSS) is proposed, which is composed of V/v traction transformers and the new multilevel power quality conditioner (MPQC) based on voltage source and current source in series. The voltage source adopts hybrid cascaded 27 level converter, and the fundamental component of its output voltage has the same frequency, the same phase and the near equal RMS value with the fundamental voltage of traction transformer secondary winding, so that there is the low level voltage in the current sources. The current source adopts the single phase three-level converter, and realizes reactive power and negative-sequence compensation by tracking the compensation current reference signal. The voltage source bears the main power of the system, and its switching frequency is low, so the power transfer efficiency of the system is high. The switching frequency of current source is high, so the system has good dynamic and steady-state response performance. This paper analyzes the system structure and its equivalent circuit, compensation current detection method and control strategy. Simulations are supplied to show that the studied scheme is valid and practicable.


Health[1] Health[1]Exercise [2]Mental health [3]panic disorder [4]Norway [5]Forskning.no [6] A regimen of three workouts a week helps reduce the symptoms of panic disorder, with effects lasting over a year. But it takes more than exercise to make a person fully psychologically fit. The source of this finding is a recent Norwegian doctoral dissertation that compared the effects of physical exercise with the effects of cognitive behaviour therapy among two patient groups, both suffering panic disorder. Almost five out of every 100 Norwegians are given this diagnosis at some point in life. Women are more frequently stricken than men.


EU COURT CONFIRMS EUROPEAN COMMISSION'S DECISION ON PAY-FOR-DELAY AGREEMENTS* On 8 September 2016, the General Court of the European Union upheld the European Commission's decision in which the…


1577 Background: Cancer related distress can be seen in as many as one in two patients. Many organizations such as the Commission on Cancer require distress screening. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer is a common tool used for screening. We studied feasibility of embedding the NCCN thermometer into oncology electronic health record (EHR) for routine patient care. We concurrently studied feasibility of using a mobile health tool for serial evaluation of cancer related distress. Methods: A flowsheet containing NCCN distress thermometer questions was created in Epic EHR (Epic Systems, Verona, WI). Oncology nurses used the flowsheet for routine patient assessment. Patients with distress level ≥ 4 answered additional questions. Ancillary care providers such as palliative care nurses or social workers addressed the identified needs by providing appropriate 'services'. A field to capture these interventions was created. We also adapted our previously reported web based mobile tool [1] for monitoring cancer distress. Patients rated their distress on a 1-10 scale and highlighted the distress domain (physical, emotional, practical, family). Distress level ≥ 4 generated a color-coded flag for provider review and intervention. Data from both electronic tools was periodically analyzed to inform patient care and quality improvement. Results: Between January and December 2021, Epic EHR based distress flowsheet collected 28,594 distinct responses in 911 patients. 57.4%, 14.9%, 14.1%, 9.4% and 2.3% of the responses were in the physical, emotional, practical, familial and spiritual domains respectively. 'Other' responses were 1.4%. Cumulative frequency of non-physical problems was 42.5%. 1819 'services' were provided with 357 emotional, 351 work, 351 housing, 350 transportation and 350 financial need-based interventions. Of 1231 patients who used the distress scale and provided additional comments, 315 (25.5%) had distress levels ≥ 4. The mobile tool captured 849 unique patient responses to the distress question between April 2020 and February 2022. Distress level ≥ 4 was flagged by 281 unique patients (33.09%). Average distress level was 2.7. Emotional domain problems generated the greatest distress level followed by family, physical and practical problems in decreasing order. Conclusions: We demonstrate feasibility of electronic capture of cancer related distress to facilitate holistic patient care in a community-based oncology program. EHR based and mobile tool distress evaluations generated concordant results. Distress caused by emotional, practical and familial domain problems was nearly as frequent and often more severe than distress caused by physical problems, underscoring the need for comprehensive cancer care. References:Sanyal, A. Mobile health tool for monitoring cancer treatment complications. 2020 ASCO Quality Care Symposium: American Society of Clinical Oncology.