Very low altitude non-cooperative sense and avoid is considered as an essential component of multi-layered mitigation strategies for collision hazard within the UTM/U-Space framework. However, it currently represents a challenging problem with open issues concerning performance trade-offs and technological options. In fact, low altitude operations emphasize sensing challenges such as ground clutter removal for radar, and below-the-horizon detection for optical sensors. These issues have a significant impact in scenarios involving small UAS, which may be characterized by low detectability though potentially generating relatively fast encounter geometries. As a contribution to this framework, this paper proposes some improved sensing strategies for these scenarios. The first idea is to optimize architectural and algorithmic trade-offs by accounting for the possible closure rates corresponding to near collision scenarios. This approach can be used to develop adaptive sensing strategies, as well as to select different sensors to cover different areas of the aircraft field of regard. The concept is demonstrated in numerical analyses focused on the computation of probability of missed and false conflict detection. Then, with regards to purely visual architectures, the possibility to extract and use shape-based ranging information to improve conflict detection performance is investigated through flight tests with small UAS. Finally, the paper describes first experimental activities conducted with a compact collision avoidance radar.


Abstract The interference of various concentrations of aluminum nitrate on the atomic absorption signals for cadmium, nickel and lead has been evaluated for the graphit furnace atomizer. The extent and direction of the interference of increasing aluminum concentrations were found to be rather different for Cd, Ni and Pb.


The purpose of this paper is to draw the historical background of the figure of the Socialist New Man from his beginning in the Russian avant-garde circles of 1917 after the October Revolution –specially in Vsevolod Meyerhold's typage's technique, a major influence in Sergei M. Eisenstein– to its oversimplification as official aesthetic in Stalin's regime and its adoption by the People's Republic of China. The iconic and extremely codified images of the Socialist New Man are analyzed under a new light defying the traditional image among scholars of Socialist Realism as an ossified, monolithic and lackluster artistic style. The last part of the paper deals with the fading away of the Socialist Realism during the 80s as the Soviet bloc disintegrated and China evolved into a so called "socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics", but persisted, applied adamantly, in North Korea, who exports it to African countries like Senegal or Namibia.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The U.S. armed forces have a penchant for producing doctrine, capabilities, and force structures based on previous conflicts-perhaps no branch more so than the Air Force-that continually prescribe silver bullets for future conflicts based on the character of the preceding war. This unsurprising tendency is likely rooted in the simple fact that those generals and admirals preparing to command forces in the next conflict for all branches of the Department of Defense (DOD) were typically field grade officers in the preceding conflict who were profoundly influenced, but narrowly shaped, by their past personal experiences. Consequently, lessons learned from the previous conflict in which they were engaged, both positive and negative, were naturally internalized by and formative for these future leaders who subsequently ascended to positions of influence where presumed lessons learned were incorporated into doctrine, training, and acquisition. For example, the experience of Desert Storm that exposed such officers to an enemy utilizing traditional military force structure, centralized command and control, and a traditional combined-arms-warfare strategy led directly to subsequent senior U.S. military leader infatuation with concepts such as network-centric warfare (NCW) and effects-based operations (EBO), which have remained largely theoretical and of little value since Desert Storm. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Consequently, with a myopic view fostered largely by personal experience among senior leaders and little broader institutional effort to incorporate fuller appreciation of the wide and unique variant characteristics of subsequent future conflicts as they emerge, services habitually design their doctrine, strategy, force structure, and capabilities on false premises. This article identifies some of these false premises that currently influence force development and argues that-rather than focusing on attempting to inculcate in doctrine exclusive dependence on the largely destructive effects that yielded positive results during Desert Storm (which were achieved under arguably very unique circumstances unlikely to be replicated in the future)-commanders and planners should focus instead on developing the military's constructive capabilities to promote operational flexibility because these will be less affected by the inevitable fog and friction of war and more likely to yield predictable, value-added results. Applying Lessons Learned Since World War II, we have yet to see dogmatically templated lessons learned from one conflict applied in a way that led to a victory in the succeeding conflict. As history has repeatedly shown, what works in one war is often inconsequential in subsequent conflicts. For example, a strategy of daylight high-altitude precision bombing resulting from the "lessons learned" by Billy Mitchell and Giulio Douhet in World War I was institutionalized by the Army Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS). However, this strategy proved simultaneously ineffective (it was unable to effectively destroy targets as predicted) and ill conceived (it failed to account for technological advancements in fighter aircraft, radar, anti-aircraft artillery, etc.) when implemented during World War II. Thus, assumed lessons based on the character of World War I actually slowed effective preparation for the next war as the Army Air Corps invested in force structure, doctrine, and capabilities (such as the Norden bombsight) based on the previous conflict. (1) In another, more recent, example, theoretical constructs based on the presumed lessons learned gleaned from Desert Storm have survived nearly three decades under the guises of NCW EBO, and the revolution in military affairs (RMA). The experience of planners developing strike missions for Desert Storm led directly to the rapid rise of EBO, thanks in part to articles such as David A. Deptula's "Effects-Based Operations: Change in the Nature of War" (2) Published in 2001, the timing meant that EBO and NCW would play a prominent part early in both Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. …


The present study was used acetic acid with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%) at various temperature degrees (5, 25, 35 and 45 C) and for many periods of time (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48h) to eliminate vicine and convicine from dry broad beans. By using acetic acid 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% at 5 C, the elimination percentages of vicine during the first 6 h of soaking were, 31.03, 51.96, 48.76, 28.22 and 26.69% while the total eliminated of vicine after 48 h soaking, 57.62, 68.89, 65.11, 54.50 and 53.08% respectively. The vicine elimination at 45 C were 66.86, 51.78, 37.65, 33.83 and 63.60% While the total vicine elimination were(80.92, 93.66, 92.89, 71.00 and 68.57% after 48 h of soaking solution). The convicine elimination percentages were 100% after 36 and 48 h at 5 C by using 1.0 and 1.5% acetic acid solution respectively. The convicine elimination was more effective at high temperatures; it was 100% after 30, 24, 24 and 48h at 35 C by using 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% acetic acid, while it was 100% after 24, 30, 42, 42 and 42 h at 45 C respectively. The elimination processes of vicine and convicine were associated with reduction in proteins and carbohydrates contents.


There have been two major approaches for classification of networked (linked) data. Local approaches (iterative classification) learn a model locally without considering unlabeled data and apply the model iteratively to classify unlabeled data. Global approaches (collective classification), on the other hand, exploit unlabeled data and the links occurring between labeled and unlabeled data for learning. Naturally, global approaches are computationally more demanding than local ones. Moreover, for large data sets, approximate inference has to be performed to make computations feasible. In the present work, we investigate the benefits of collective classification based on global probabilistic models over local approaches. Our experimental results show that global approaches do not always outperform local approaches with respect to the classification accuracy. More precisely, the results suggest that global approaches considerably outperform local approaches only for low ratios of labeled data.


The aim of this paper is to analyze several aspects of digital publishing markets in Baltic countries. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have their own languages, so there are three different publishing markets. Results show that there are significant differences in the number of available titles, despite the fact that the Baltic e-book market is relatively new. The research on e-book sales identified the main e-book retailers and publishers in Baltic countries. E-books in Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian available on sale were counted and the differences between e-book formats and the pricing in each country were established. The results showed that the smallest Baltic country, Estonia, has more e-books on sale than both Latvia and Lithuania. It is difficult to say if Latvia even has an e-book market at all. Lithuania is somewhere in the middle. Finally, an overview of the largest retailers and publishers is provided and overall publishing dynamics within the past 20 years is described.


This article explores the evolving political standing of members of the Dalai Lama incarnation lineage. I survey the history of Tibet since the time of Tsong kha pa, the original inspiration for the dGe lugs School, showing how each Dalai Lama established his own position with an ever evolving set of external circumstances framed by rival schools, patrons, Mongolian khans, Chinese emperors, the nobility, the powerful monasteries, and their own regents. I conclude that there is no single model that captures the nature of the relationship between the Dalai Lamas and state power.


At present, railway station computer interlocking software test platform includes automatic test and manual test. Manual testing cases are some complex and nonregular testing cases which have not been automated for the difficulty in automatic generation of these testing cases. This paper describes these cases in abstract script language by giving some concepts based on analyzing these testing cases. Meanwhile the algorithm of reproducing the cases from the script is given by which the automation of such cases can be realized.


The development of modern science and technology brings the strong influences to the editors work under the guidance of the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.The editors should renew the theory of editing and knowledge structure to deal with the authors and readers correctly.Unified planning with due consideration for all editing work concerned,the editors should carry out the scientific development view to every round of the editing work.


Biological Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction H ealth officials have long considered the possibility of bioterrorism, but since September 11 preparation for the possibility has gained greater urgency. Efforts to avert or cope with this threat have raised a number of concerns about the need to coordinate governmental activities, strengthen federal, state, and local programs, supplement the pharmaceutical stockpile, and examine regulatory and legal policies. Bioterrorism is the release—or simply the threat of releasing—biological agents, such as viruses or bacteria, in order to influence government or intimidate civilians. Biological terrorism is one within a class of so-called weapons of mass destruction (WMD) that also includes nuclear and chemical agents.Weapons of mass destruction are defined as those able to harm or kill a large number of people at one time. Until the recent anthrax attacks, the one known instance of bioterrorism in the United States occurred in 1984, when a religious cult in Oregon poisoned salad bars with Salmonella. The sarin attack in 1995, by a religious cult in the Tokyo subway system, is the one known chemical attack. Biological weapons may be transmitted by people or animals, food or water, or in the air (aerosol). Aerosol transmission has the greatest potential for harm. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified as "Category A" those biological agents that pose a great threat because they cause easily transmitted diseases, result in many deaths, and may produce social panic. Anthrax and smallpox are two such diseases, as are plague, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fever.The CDC's Categories B and C diseases pose progressively lesser threats. Chemical threats include those classified as nerve (such as sarin), blister (such as mustard gas), and blood (hydrogen cyanide). The Commonwealth Fund is a private foundation supporting independent research on health and social issues.


The paper analyzes and defines the concept of sustainable development of tourism industry and discusses the factors which affect the sustainable development of tourism industry.The basic conception,model and measures of sustainable development of tourism industry are also presented in the paper.


The power sector has a key role to play through electrification and deep decarbonization to combat climate change. Nowadays the organization of the power sector in many jurisdictions is inherited from the liberalization process started in the 1980s whose key features are privatization, vertical unbundling of regulated activities from competitive segments and the reliance on private and decentralized decisions to drive both short-term operations and long-term system evolutions [Joskow 2008].


The Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) gene is a cell-specific differentiation marker for the bronchiolar Clara cell. Previous studies suggest that CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α is involved in controlling differentiation-dependent gene expression in the distal lung. In this study, immunofluorescence studies demonstrated high level expression of C/EBP δ in the bronchiolar epithelium as well as lower levels of C/EBP α . Cotransfection studies in the lung epithelial cell line A549 showed that both C/EBP α and C/EBP δ activate the murine CCSP gene and that a C/EBP-response element resides in the proximal CCSP promoter. C/EBP δ exhibits an approximately 2-fold higher transactivation potential than does C/EBP α . DNase I footprint analyses revealed a footprint region located at − 100 to − 62 bp, corresponding to two C/EBP-binding sites. Mutation of either site resulted in abolished or strikingly reduced transactivation of the CCSP promoter by C/EBP α and C/EBP δ , as well as impaired binding of both...


Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a simple, scalable mechanism that can be used for directly manipulating particle trajectories in pore-based filtration and separation processes. However, iDEP manipulation of nanoparticles presents unique challenges as the dielectrophoretic force ( F ⃗ D E P ) exerted on the nanoparticles can easily be overshadowed by opposing kinetic forces. In this study, a molecularly thin, SiN-based nanoporous membrane (NPN) is explored as a breakthrough technology that enhances F ⃗ D E P . By numerically assessing the gradient of the electric field square ( ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 ) —a common measure for F ⃗ D E P magnitude—it was found that the unique geometrical features of NPN (pore tapering, sharp pore corner and ultrathin thickness) act in favor of intensifying the overall ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 . A comparative study indicated that ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 generated in NPN are four orders of magnitude larger than track-etched polycarbonate membranes with comparable pore size. The stronger ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 suggests that iDEP can be conducted under lower voltage bias with NPN: reducing joule heating concerns and enabling solutions to have higher ionic strength. Enabling higher ionic strength solutions may also extend the opportunities of iDEP applications under physiologically relevant conditions. This study also highlights the effects of ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 induced by the ion accumulation along charged surfaces (electric-double layer (EDL)). EDL-based ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 exists along the entire charged surface, including locations where geometry-based iDEP is negligible. The high surface-to-volume ratio of NPN offers a unique platform for exploiting such EDL-based DEP systems. The EDL-based ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 was also found to offset the geometry-based ∇ ∣ E ⃗ ∣ 2 , but this effect was easily circumvented by reducing the EDL thickness (e.g. increasing the ionic strength from 0.1 to 100 mM). The results from this study imply the potential application of iDEP as a direct, in-operando antifouling mechanism for ultrafiltration technology, and also as an active tuning mechanism to control the cut-off size limit for continuous selectivity of nanomembrane-based separations.


Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component in propolis, is known to have anti‐tumour, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties. In this study, the effects of CAPE on the functions of primary human CD4+ T cells were evaluated in vitro. CAPE significantly suppressed interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐5 production and proliferation of CD4+ T cells stimulated by soluble anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 monoclonal antibodies in both healthy subjects and asthmatic patients. CAPE inhibited nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, but not p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in T cells. CAPE also induced active caspase‐3 expression in CD4+ T cells; CCR4+CD4+ T cells were more sensitive to CAPE induction than CXCR3+CD4+ T cells. Together, these results indicate that CAPE inhibits cytokine production and proliferation of T cells, which might be related to the NF‐κB and Akt signalling pathways, and that CCR4+CD4+ T cells are more sensitive to CAPE inhibition. This study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of CAPE for immune regulation and a rationale for the use of propolis for the treatment of allergic disorders.


This paper proposes the modeling and design of a controller for an inductive power transfer (IPT) system with a semi-bridgeless active rectifier (S-BAR). This system consists of a double-sided Inductor-Capacitor-Capacitor (LCC) compensation network and an S-BAR, and maintains a constant output voltage under load variation through the operation of the rectifier switches. Accurate modeling is essential to design a controller with good performance. However, most of the researches on S-BAR have focused on the control scheme for the rectifier switches and steady-state analysis. Therefore, modeling based on the extended describing function is proposed for an accurate dynamic analysis of an IPT system with an S-BAR. Detailed mathematical analyses of the large-signal model, steady-state operating solution, and small-signal model are provided. Nonlinear large-signal equivalent circuit and linearized small-signal equivalent circuit are presented for intuitive understanding. In addition, worst case condition is selected under various load conditions and a controller design process is provided. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling, experimental results using a 100 W prototype are presented.


In order to establish the sequence dependence of RimJ-mediated protein N-terminal acetylation in E. coli, the Z-domain variants differing by the second or third amino acid residue were expressed and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Only subsequent to the initiating methionine residue cleavage, the RimJ-catalyzed N-terminal acetylation mainly occurred at the N-terminal serine and threonine residues and was significantly enhanced by hydrophobic or negatively charged residues in the penultimate position.


Objective: To detect the clinical efficacy and side effect of aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia.Methods:187 Schizophrenia patients have been divided into aripiprazole group and chlorpromazine group randomly for 8 weeks.PANSS、TESS were used to evaluate the efficacy and side effects respectively.Results: The efficacy of both drugs were same,aripiprazole had a more rapid onset of action and less side effects than chlorpromazine.But significant difference were found between two groups in the reduction rate of scale about negative symptoms.Patients in aripiprazole group recorded much fewer side effects than those in chlorpromazine group.Conclusions: Aripiprazole is a safe and effective drug for schizophrenia patients with more rapid onset of action.


This paper aims at examining social functions, schematic structure, transitivity, and modality in narrative texts in an English textbook published by the Indonesian government and used at the tenth grade English classes. Three narrative texts were found in the textbook and selected as samples. Hallidayan concepts of social functions, schematic structure, transitivity and modality were used as theoretical epistemological concepts and his lexico-grammatical analytical framework was used as a methodological procedure of data analysis. Clauses in the three texts (i.e., Issumboshi, The Legend of Malin Kundang, and Strong Wind) were coded by numbering them and analyzed in a series of systemic functional linguistic analyses: Theme-Rheme, process-type analysis, mood-residue analysis, and functional analysis. The texts display this schematic pattern: orientation^evaluation^compilcation^resolution. The absence of reorientation within the generic structure implies the written nature of the texts. The study also presents linguistic patterns in transitivity where particular process types were used in each schematic structure. The study also proves that, although narrated in written modes and declarative clauses were dominantly exploited, the time of event and the judgment of the narrating writers were static where temporal settings of the events were always in the past and the narrators' judgment of them remained high. These types of time and judgment enabled the narrators to convey socialization, education and entertainment functions of narrative texts and narration practices. Additionally, these analyses could exemplify an education model of systemic functional linguistic analysis and reduce currently common misconceptions in Indonesian ELT textbooks.


We report the discovery of a powerful and variable off-nuclear X-ray source in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4945. Two ROSAT PSPC observations show the source to brighten in 0.5–2.0 keV flux by a factor of � 9 on a time-scale of 11 months or less. It is seen by ASCA about one month after the second PSPC pointing, and is seen to have dimmed by a factor of > 7 in a ROSAT HRI pointing about one year after the second PSPC pointing. Its maximum observed 0.8–2.5 keV luminosity is > � 8 × 10 38 erg s 1 , making it brighter than any known persistent X-ray binary in the Milky Way. Its total X-ray luminosity is probably larger than 1.2 × 10 39 erg s 1 . The observed variability argues against a superbubble interpretation, and the off-nuclear position argues against a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus. The source is therefore probably either an ultra-powerful X-ray binary or an ultra-powerful supernova remnant. Optical monitoring has not identified any supernovae in NGC 4945 during the time of the X-ray observations, and any supernova would have had to have been either very highly absorbed or intrinsically optically faint.


This contribution seeks to identify the short and long-term economic and cultural effects of file sharing on music, films and games, while taking into account the legal context and policy developments. The short-term implications examined concern direct costs and benefits to society, whereas the long-term impact concerns changes in the industry's business models as well as in cultural diversity and the accessibility of content. It observes that the proliferation of digital distribution networks combined with the availability of digital technology among consumers has broken the entertainment industries' control over the access to their products. Only part of the decline in music sales can be attributed to file sharing. Despite the losses for the music industry, the increased accessibillity of culture renders the overall welfare effects of file sharing robustly positive. As a consequence the entertainment industries, particularly the music industry, have to explore new models to sustain their business.


This review analyzes the efficacy of current and previous stem cell therapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and suggests the most viable stem cell–based treatments for the future. T1D is an autoimmune disease in which the β cells of the pancreas are destroyed. Currently, the only insulin replacement therapy options for T1D include insulin injection (which requires daily dosing) or organ transplantation (which has donor limitations and requires immunosuppression). Both options decrease a patient's quality of life. After reviewing completed clinical trials using stem cell therapy, we found that the combination therapy of adipose-derived stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells offers the greatest benefit for generating insulin-producing cells and modulating the autoreactivity of the immune system. However, this therapy is limited in scope and requires immunosuppression. The most promising potential treatment is encapsulation (the enclosure of stem cell–derived β cells to prevent interactions with the immune system) because it can restore insulin production and does not require immunosuppression. Although encapsulation is in the early stages of development and has no completed clinical trials, it offers an ideal, long-term therapy option without compromising patients' quality of life and without requiring immunosuppression.


Kunduchi Beach is located approximately 10 kilometres north of Dar es Salaam City on the coast of Mainland Tanzania. The whole area north of the Dar Es Salaam City is endowed with beautiful, but eroding sandy beaches. The severe coastal erosion that is taking place threatens the buildings and the land as a whole. The aim of this study is to collect information on erosive forces and the littoral processes in the area so that options for the control of the erosion are based on good quality scientific data.Currents and sediment concentrations were measured using a multi-sensor self-recording current meter. Waves were measured using pressure gauges. Some physical features were measured visually.The general orientation of the shoreline is 330 degrees and the tidal flat is characterised by ripples. At about 150 m from the shoreline, ripples are 7-9 cm high and their wavelength is about 40 cm. Closer to the beach, ripple orientation is 350 degrees; ripple height is 5 cm and ripple wave length is 5 cm. Results show that during flood tide the current direction is southerly (an average of 210 degrees) and at high tide the average direction is 150 degrees. The direction of the ebb tidal current is northerly (an average of 360 degrees). On the average, the current speed was 0.1 m/s. Significant waves heights increased with increasing water level, from 0.1 metres in water depth of 0.5 metres to about 0.4 metres when the water depth reached 2.4 metres. The wave period did not show significant variation with increasing water depth. The average wave period was 8 seconds.Suspended sediment concentration varies in phase tide level. Sediment concentration is related with water level by an exponential function C / C max = 0.107 exp( 0.6597 D) , where D is water depth.There is a remarkable variation of sediment concentration between the two main seasons. Sediment concentrations are much higher during the southerly winds than during the northerly winds.Longshore sediment transport rates are found to be in the order of 3x10-8 m3/s/m.


Corruption, which is prevalent in Korean society, is having a significant negative impact on national competitiveness as well as on the happiness index of citizens. Although our society has made great efforts to eradicate such corruption, it is not easy to find tangible results indicating that corruption is decreasing in our society. This is because it is difficult to detect corruption crimes because they are done secretly among insiders. In addition, even if corruption crimes occur due to the culture of loyalty or paternalistic and closed organizational selfishness in Korean society, they try to hide it from within the organization. In order to overcome the secrecy and concealment of corruption crimes, this study intends to suggest ways to improve criminal law by examining the Public Interest Reporter Protection Act that protects and supports whistleblowers reporting corruption crimes within the organization and its problems. First, under the current law, there is a possibility that public interest reporters and collaborators may be subject to criminal punishment, disciplinary action, or administrative sanctions, so it is not possible to provide a realistic incentive to lead them to public interest reporting. This is because the current law selects a voluntary reduction or exemption, stating that "the punishment can be reduced or exempted" when criminal acts by the public interest reporter and collaborators are found in relation to public interest reporting. In order to move forward to a more active public interest report, it will need to be amended to reduce the sentence as necessary. Public interest whistleblowers and collaborators go out as witnesses in the investigation process or trial process. It is necessary to establish an explicit regulation to protect public interest reporters and collaborators who appear as witnesses in investigation or trial procedures, and it is necessary to establish a procedure for investigating evidence that can harmonize the protection of public interest whistleblowers, etc. and the guarantee of the defendant's right to cross-examination. Under the Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act, personal protection measures can be applied only when serious harm to life or body has been suffered or is likely to be sustained. It is unclear what the obvious harm is, and there may be cases where there is a delay in proving it, resulting in serious harm. As in the Anti-Corruption Act, it should be changed to a case where there is a risk of serious harm to life or body. In addition, without delay, apply for personal protection measures to the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, and immediately apply to the police agency, which is specialized in identity protection, so that they can receive protection measures promptly. In addition, the compensation system such as compensation, bounty, and relief money under the current law is not compensated enough for public interest whistleblowers to actively report to public interest because the amount is low in reality. should be raised significantly.


This paper studies how slotting fees can be used by a manufacturer to discriminate indirectly between retailers when overt discrimination is infeasible.


It is necessary to measure pressure, temperature, chemical equilibrium and the shape of flame in order to understand the combustion process in a combustion chamber. In particular, the flame formulation and combustion process of divided combustion chamber are different from those of a single chamber, And the variable diameter of a jet hole can effect not only physical properties like ejection velocity, temperature and time of combustion but also a chemical property like the reaction mechanism. Accordingly temperature is one of the most important factors which influence the combustion mechanism. This paper observed shape of flame by using the schlieren photographs and measured the pressure in a combustion chamber and the reaching time of the flame by ion probe By doing these. we investigation the formulation of the flame and the process of propagation. These measurement methods can be advanced in understanding the combustion process and process and propagation of flame.


The invention relates to a composition that can hydrophilize the surface of a structure to impart PROPERTY TO FOG surface of the structure. The composition for hydrophilize the surface of the structure consists AT LEAST (A) PARTICLE photocatalytic metal oxide, (B) an agent capable of forming a film silicone resin OR CAPABLE PRECURSOR OF FORMING A silica film Precursor and (C) a solvent, the content TOTAL photocatalytic particle and the solid precursor 0.01 to 5% by weight. Hydrophilic CAPACITY SIMPLY BE GIVEN applying the composition on a structure and drying or heating the composition applied to the structure. Hydrophilic RESULTING thin film is transparent, AND TRANSPARENCY HENDE NO SACRIFICE OF A STRUCTURE that needs to be transparent. Furthermore, the surface of a structure with said composition APPLIED TO THAT END IS AS PROPERTY LASGOTAS WATER ATTACHED TO THE SAME CAN BE REMOVED IMMEDIATELY Evaporative AND IS LESS LIKELY TO SURFACE fogging, EVEN IF attach a POLLUTANT ON SAME, AND COULD EASILY pOLLUTANT RELEASE it.


In this article,the compaction and sintering behavior accompanied with ionic conductivity measuring were conducted on the as-prepared YSZ ceramics,which were prepared from the nano-sized YSZ powders with unique and bimodal(particle sizes) distribution respectively.Under the uniaxial pressing condition,among all the as-investigated ceramics,that made of bimodal powders had the apparently decreased sintering temperature for similar densification.For example,the as-prepared sample sintered at 1400℃ had the relative density of 93%,and that sintered at 1550℃ had the relative density of 99%,while the ionic conductivity of it was 0.4S/cm at 800℃.


For Internet-based tele-robotic systems (Internet robots), the most challenging and distinct difficulties are associated with Internet transmission delays, delay jitter and not-guaranteed bandwidth availability, which might lead to dramatic performance degradation or even instability. In this paper, a new approach to dealing with these problems is explored and implemented. Specifically, a rate-based end-to-end transport protocol is developed for real-time data transmission and an adaptive control scheme is developed to control the robot remotely. A mobile robot teleoperation system, ArtBot-I, is developed to verify and test the solutions. In the experiments, the users successfully guided a Pioneer-2 mobile robot through a laboratory environment remotely via the Internet using a web browser.


In a planting system trial with Golden Delicious on M IX and M II, started in 1962, lowdensity plots are compared with high-density plots. The low-density plots — 1100 trees per ha on M IX and 660 trees per ha on M II — came into bearing slowly and yields leveled off at about 40 tons per ha. For the high-density plots — 3300 and 2260 trees per ha for M IX and M II, respectively — yields quickly increased to about 75 tons per ha in 1967 and 1968, but thereafter yields declined, associated with more intensive prun ing and fruit thinning to restore tree vigour and fruit quality. Yield per unit growth was initially somewhat higher but finally much lower in the high-density plots, indicating that fruiting suffered more than growth from competition between trees. Yield per unit growth was much higher on M IX than on M II, an advantage of decisive importance at high density. Fruit size was slightly better on M IX, and at high density the problems in maintaining fruit size were not as serious as on M II. Growth control in the high-density M II plot became difficult and tree thinning may be advisa ble. Under the conditions of the trial the optimum density for Golden Delicious on M IX probably lies above 3000 trees per ha, on M II below 2000 trees per ha. Notions regar ding rootstock effects on yield per unit growth, fruit quality, etc. may be misleading if they are not based on comparisons under equal competitive stress.


An algebraic correlation for the roll-damping and roll-producing moments for finned projectiles and missiles has been extended and verified to accept bodies with an arbitrary number of fins—not only cruciform fins, but curved wraparound fins with fin cant, and fins with offset angles. The extended correlation is applicable at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds. A direct method to compute the fin roll-producing moment from the fin normal force is provided to circumvent the existing lengthy and cumbersome semiempirical methods. Seven different missile and projectile configurations with widely varying fin shapes and sizes were tested, and their measured data are tabulated. The present correlation is very simple, and can be used to refine initial configuration selection and thus reduce the number of costly full-flowfield computations. The correlation is limited to missiles with only one set of fins and to small angles of attack.


This study investigated the scope, process, and effects of student participation in university governance, including student government. The study demonstrated that students are capable of administering their own affairs, satisfying various student needs, and protecting the political interests of students. Students were extensively involved in university academic and administrative decision-making at different levels. However, student associations as organized forces had much greater influence than did students at large. Both environmental and personal factors affected the impact of student participation in university gover- nance. Although student participation in university governance is deemed indispensable, student participants must hone their group deci- sion-making skills and demonstrate commitment to the mission of the university and its long-term interests.


Abstract A tiny species of Pyramimonas, P. mantoniae sp. nov. (Prasinophyceae, Chlorophyta), is described from Australian, New Zealand and Danish waters. Belonging to the subgenus Vestigifera the new species differs from all described species of this subgenus in the presence of two types of flat 'box' scales, instead of box and crown scales. Thin sections of P. mantoniae and P. mitra Moestrup et Hill have enabled construction of a model of the flagellar scale layers showing the arrangement of the individual scales in advanced prasinophytes.


We present a robust real-time Lidar-Visual-Inertial Odometry method that introduces visual line features. Compared with the traditional multi-sensor fusion scheme based on point features, our approach introduces visual line features for pose estimation, utilizes more environmental features, and provides additional constraints on the scene structure. In our method, we first use an improved LSD algorithm for line feature extraction to achieve its real-time requirement, then extract the depth information of the point-line features by LIDAR. The extracted depth information serves as an a priori constraint for point-line bundle adjustment, and we finally use the computed pose estimation as an a priori estimation for the laser odometry to calculate the ultimate pose estimation, thus realizing a laser vision inertial odometry method using point-line features. This method can improve the accuracy of attitude estimation to some extent. Our evaluation of the M2DGR dataset shows that our method achieves higher accuracy than most open source frameworks.


This paper describes the Superbus service in Leeds which involved the implementation of a guided bus system. Focus is on how to extend the superbus concept beyond the end of the guideway by introducing traffic signal priority for buses. Developments in bus priority have occurred through four initiatives which are further discussed in the paper. These include: selective vehicle detection, traffic signal control vehicle discrimination techniques, and synergy with non-priority Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).


Objective: To found a new method of differentiation of osteoclast from bone narrow cell under the stimulation of ODF and M-CSF induction. Methods: Mouse bone marrow stem cells were separated and cultured under ODF and M-CSF induction. The form of mouse bone marrow stem cells and expression of T-ACP were observed .Results: Under ODF and M-CSF induction,the mouse bone marrow cells were long shuttle shape and circular cells increased. After extracorporeal culture 6 days T-ACP positive cells were found. Conclusion: Mouse bone marrow cell can differentiate into osteoclast under the stimulation of ODF and M-CSF induction.Our study provide a new method for the extracorporeal study about differentiation growth and function adjustment of osteoclast.


From 1965 to 1970, hospital costs in the United States increased sharply—f rom $14.1 billion to $25.6 billion, at an annual rate of 16 percent. Official projections forecast a further fourfold rise over the next ten years. Comparing these staggering increases with hospital costs in England, Sweden, and Western Germany, a steeply rising trend is noted in gen eral. An explanation has to be sought not only in the particular circumstances in the United States but in generic forces such as a rapidly growing demand for hospital care—especially from the larger numbers of elderly in all developed countries—and substantial increases in staff remuneration, the main component of hospital costs. This similarity of trends cannot hide, how ever, the fact that daily hospital charges in the United States are by far the highest in the countries investigated. "Don't get sick in America!" seems a justified warning. A reform will have to balance the conflicting interests of hospital administra tions, staffs, patients, insured, and taxpayers—a dilemma whose acceptable solution has so far eluded most Western nations.


fears" (Obama 2009b). As government data becomes more readily available, 17 citizens will need tools to utilize and examine it. Additionally, they will need to be prepared to share their information in a standardized format. Purpose of the Project As a GIS Analyst at an environmental consulting firm that conducts environmental CEQA review processes the following scenario is not uncommon. For example, one of the firm's environmental planners will request that I make a map or retrieve data for them. To assist in this process, I created a tool so that the nontechical/non-GIS user (the planner) could retrieve some of the simple geographic data requests that are required per the CEQA process. Using Appendix G as the indicator of data, this tool would provide insight into geographic data in a manner that is usable to a non-technical clientele. Whereas GIS can perform complex analyses and modeling, the majority of the work an environmental planner requires of a GIS analyst is the retrieval, compilation, conductance of a few simple data queries, and the creation of a map. The following is the typical set of questions these maps might try to answer:  What environmental resources or hazards are on or near my project site?  What is next to it?  How far away from a certain occurrence of a resource or hazard (e.g. sensitive species, flooding hazard, etc.) is the project site? Simple requests for maps and questions about data are very commonplace for a GIS analyst. However, many planners do not utilize GIS data because they have limited access to it. Typically, in order to utilize said data, they make requests to a certain staff member, provided they have staff that have been properly trained, have the appropriate 18 data or know where to find it, and have the right software. The process is jumbled if not broken, and as such can create bottlenecks in analysis and production for a GIS analyst every time a planner (potential user) requests a simple map or simple query of a GIS database for their work. The use of a GIS analyst for these tasks is a waste of technical capacity especially when they are working on more involved difficult tasks for which now they must put on hold to help the planner's request. In private consultancy planning (and many times at public planning institutions), GIS is seldom used for complex modeling and spatial analysis, rather, it is utilized most often for simple queries and inventories, and for simple mapping for reports and meetings (Gocmen and Ventura, 2010). While very powerful, ESRI's ArcGIS is designed in anticipation of any kind of user, ranging from novice to professional. This means that the user has hundreds of different options, tools, and menus available. For many users, let alone newcomers, this situation can be a bit overwhelming and is a deterrent for potential limited users. For more intense GIS analysis and modeling, this level of sophisticated software is warranted, but most potential and current GIS users do not require this level of sophistication. I thought that the process to utilize GIS for simple requests should be much easier and accessible for all users. Since the environmental planner must consider so many variables during their review of a proposed project, the process can be cumbersome. Managing data, maps, legal documents, and previous studies from myriad sources can be overwhelming. This project aims to consolidate and streamline a portion of the environmental review process by cataloging geospatial data from disparate sources, grouping and sorting according to a 19 standard (Appendix G), and publishing the information onto a simple web-based map built with free open source software, which would be easily replicable for any jurisdiction. Scope of the Project The purpose of this project is to create a web-based GIS application for environmental planners to use in CEQA review. Although mostly subjective, the planner can utilize geographic data for help in determination of existing conditions and potential impacts. Many planners or other potential users do not have the means or technical ability to access such data (Gocmen and Ventura, 2010), and their environmental determination may not be as thorough as it could possibly be. Also, while based on a model for environmental review, I believe this would still be a useful tool for many other industries, such as civil engineering, agricultural management, or transportation planning, in both the public and private sectors. My project aims to streamline their workflow, enabling more data access and usability at a lower cost. This will not be a tool to make decisions for the planner, rather, it will be a tool for environmental assessment to help the planner make a "first pass" determination of the project site. Although some data may dictate a black or white scenario, the planner conducting the environmental review process must always acknowledge the gray area, and remain speculative in their determination of the impact. For my project, a web-based GIS map using free and readily available open source software components, and publicly available geospatial datasets was created. Butte county was the study area, and includes layers specific to the county extent. The 20 majority of the data was provided by Butte County Development Services (planning office). Additionally, other data specific to the county, the region, and the state, was sourced, as provided by state (i.e., Cal Fish and Game, Cal Forestry and Fire Protection) and federal (i.e., U.S. Geological Survey, National Resources Conservation Service) level entities. The project is entitled CaliforniaOpenAtlas (COA), with this iteration called COA|Butte, as Butte county is its focus jurisdiction. Since it is available online, it is available to anyone with an internet connection and a browser. It should not be viewed as a complete catalog of data for review. It should be used for planning purposes only. All data integrity will be the dependent upon the data protocol set forth by the publishing agent. This project acts as the conduit, a base map and common ground for many varied types of geospatial data. Significance of the Project Although the appropriate data exists, the problem is that everything sits disconnected. The data has not been gathered in a common place for this particular set of users, i.e. planners working with CEQA. Datasets sit without the resources to find them, extract them, visualize them, or query them. Planners are tasked with reviewing a wide range of considerations without proper support tools in place. The aim of the project is not to produce new tools and datasets, but rather to connect those tools and datasets in a way that has not been done before—a way that maximizes accessibility and efficiency for a planner to conduct CEQA environmental review. Resources do exist that allow for similar data collaboration and usability, but lack in crucial areas which may restrict potential users. For example, ESRI's ArcGIS 21 Online has a very usable platform, but users cannot alter the GUI or change the tools that are available as ESRI maintains a closed software platform. While ArcGIS Online can consume volunteered data, its Terms of Use states that it can maintain access to that data thereon, which could result in privacy issues. Also, the other big geospatial provider in Web 2.0, Google, maintains a similar data policy. Additionally, ESRI can alter the application without notice or repercussion, while COA is maintained and updated by the jurisdiction. Open source tools are gradually gaining momentum in the GIS industry as they become more powerful, intuitive, and utilized. I believe that all users could benefit from access to the data that they frequently inquire about and that there are inexpensive and simple ways to allow for this to happen, which could greatly increase the efficiency and equity within the planning process. Limitations of the Project Some of the software and website creation took some programming skills. I consider myself an above-average computer user, as far as technical skills go, but I do not have any formal training in the programming and web-site development process. I depended on available resources online that supported the tools that I used, in the form of tutorials, videos, developer forums, chat, and existing sites utilizing the tools. This iteration does not include information about incorporated cities in the county. This was chosen in an effort to keep the complexity of the project to a manageable level. Additionally, confidence in the data could be somewhat ensured since the providers of the datasets are government agencies, rather than unknown contributor, 22 as you might see in a Web 2.0 mashup utilizing crowdsourced data. Also, too many jurisdictions would detract from the overall usability of the map. A more appropriate approach would be to create a similar application with that particular jurisdiction as the focus. e.g. COA|Chico, or COA|Plumas. Some datasets that are technically available to the public are not compiled into a usable or downloadable format. Others are restricted by terms of use agreements and cannot be publically published. Sourcing all the desired and required data was challenging. In addition, there is no protocol in place for replacing datasets as they become antiquated, or as new datasets are released by the publisher. Definition of Terms In general, open source refers to any program whose source code is made available for use or modification as users or other developers see fit. Open source software is usually developed as a public collaboration and made freely available. The Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is the word I will use to describe the software architecture, which is broken into three components: a back end database, a server to talk to the database, retrieve queries, and render geographic shapes and data, and an Internet-enabled browser-based front end interface, where the user will i


Among biotic constraints affecting olive trees cultivation worldwide, the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae is considered one of the most serious threats. Olive cultivars display differential susceptibility to the disease, but our knowledge on the pathogen's responses when infecting varieties differing in susceptibility is scarce. A comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was conducted in olive cultivars Picual (susceptible) and Frantoio (tolerant). RNA samples originated from roots during the first two weeks after inoculation with V. dahliae defoliating (D) pathotype. Verticillium dahliae mRNA amount was overwhelmingly higher in roots of the susceptible cultivar, indicating that proliferation of pathogen biomass is favored in 'Picual'. A significant larger number of V. dahliae unigenes (11 fold) were only induced in this cultivar. Seven clusters of differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified according to time-course expression patterns. Unigenes potentially coding for niche-adaptation, pathogenicity, virulence and microsclerotia development were induced in 'Picual', while in 'Frantoio' expression remained negligible or null. Verticillium dahliae D pathotype transcriptome responses are qualitatively and quantitatively different, and depend on cultivar susceptibility level. The much larger V. dahliae biomass found in 'Picual' roots is a consequence of both host and pathogen DEG explaining, to a large extent, the higher aggressiveness exerted over this cultivar.


Objective: To study the expression and the biological character of PR,PR B in endometrial hyperplasia and the pathogenetic mechanism of endometrial hyperplasia for providing theoretical basis of medical treatment and prognostic value. Methods: The expressions of PR, PR B?PCNA were examined by SP immunohistochemical method in 51 cases with endometrial hyperplasia (20 cases with simple endometrial hyperplasia, 16 cases with complex endometrial hyperplasia and 15 cases with atypical endometrial hyperplasia). At the same time 20 cases with normal proliferative phase were chosen as control group. Results: The expression of PR has no significance in endometrial hyperplasia ( P 0 05). Positive PR B expression abated from simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia to atypical endometrial hyperplasia. There were the lowest expression especially in atypical endometrial hyperplasia ( P 0.01). The expression of PCNA of atypical and complex hyperplasia were significantly higher than that of simple hyperplasia and normal proliferative phase ( P 0.05). The frequency of PR B protein expression in the group with PCNA positive staining was significant lower than that in the negative group ( P 0.05). Conclusion: The changes of PR was of no significance in pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia. The changes of PR B was related with the genesis, progression and tumor changing of endometrial hyperplasia. PR B and PCNA may be useful markers to predict curative effect and prognosis.


Protein separations have gained increasing interest over the past two decades owing to the dramatic growth of proteins as therapeutics and the completion of the Human Genome Project. About every decade, the field of protein high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) seems to mature, having reached what appears to be a theoretical limit. But then scientists well versed in the basic principles of HPLC have invented a way around the limit, generating another decade of exciting progress. There is still the need for higher resolution and better compatibility with mass spectrometry because it is an essential tool for identification of proteins and their modifications. To make advances, the fundamental principles need to be understood. This review covers recent advances and current needs in the context of the principles that underlie the many contributions to peak broadening. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 13 is June 12, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


We demonstrate frequency upconversion and downconversion of photons between the 980 nm and 1550 nm bands using four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in a chip-scale silicon nitride waveguide.


This article reports the findings of a prospective study of the first year of operation of two residential domus units for elderly people with dementia (domus A) and chronic schizophrenia (domus B). Residents, staff and the process of care were assessed at baseline in long‐stay mental hospital wards, and at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the move to a domus. At 12 months, both domuses were providing more policy choice, resident control, provision for privacy and availability of social and recreational activities than a baseline psychogeriatric ward. Residents' cognitive function improved steadily over the follow‐up period in both domuses, significantly so in domus A. There was also some improvement in residents' self‐care (ADL) skills at follow‐up in both domuses. Residents' communication skills were rated as significantly improved by staff in domus A at all follow‐up assessments, and by staff in domus B at 6 months. Compared to baseline, substantially higher levels of activities and interpersonal interactions were observed at follow‐up in both domuses. There was no evidence that staff suffered from low job satisfaction or psychological impairment at either domus.


Tourism study in Korea has forty-five years long history. The views of point about academic characters of tourism science devide into two parts. The first view is that tourism study is comprehensive in character, and the other is that the study could be single independent applied science. But because both views have the strength and weakness of their own, author argues it is necessary to integrate both views adequately. Specially, in an effort to enhance quality level of the tourism science, writer advocates that Korean tourism science has to upgrade the quality of research, including the theoretical awareness, general theory of tourism, methodological sophistication, etc. At the same time, tourism researchers are encouraged to absorb the superior knowledges and methodologies of other social sciences.


Large single phytoplankton cells are likely to catabolize a smaller fraction of their biomass than do small phytoplankton cells. Under certain environmental conditions, this characteristic may be highly important in regulating the growth rates of large versus small phytoplankton. A model is developed incorporating experimental data on phytoplankton growth, respiration, and sinking rates as a function of cell size. Application of the model to specific oceanic regions shows that the net growth rate of large cells may exceed that of small cells when the mixed layer is relatively deep, despite the larger gross production rates characteristics of the smaller cells.


In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding and evaluation about polyester size,it is discussed that acetic ester starch respectively mixed in proportion with polyester,PVA,polyacrylamide(PAM) and formed in three kinds of gum powder size.By many experiments,size performance and film properties of these size were tested and analyzed.The sizing experiment was carried on polyester cotton yarns.It was compared and analyzed that the sized yarn hairiness reducing rate,increasing rate,reducing rate and other performance indicators.The data can be used as the reference when textile enterprise uses polyester gum powder size.


Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the perinatal fetal outcome in correspondence with the second-trimester scan umbilical artery coiling index in
uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Participants were recruited in the ultra Methods: sound unit at the Vani-Vilas hospital, Bangalore medical
college & research institute All ultrasound examinations were performed using a 6-MHz transabdominal transducer, with multihertz and harmonic
capability.The evaluation of the umbilical cord mid-segment (free loop) that included recording of longitudinal cord images for the assessment of
cord coiling. The antenatal UCI was calculated as the reciprocal of the distance between a pair of coils.After calculating the UCI, perinatal factors
like meconium staining, fetal weight and Apgar score were followed till discharge. For the classication of newborns as SGA, gestational
age-specic centiles were used. The sensitivity, specicity, posit Results: ive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of
abnormal coiling for predicting SGA were 20%, 75%, 9.8%, and 87.4%, respectively.The odds ratio (OR) for the association between abnormal
coiling index versus SGA at birth was 0.7 (95% CI: 0.3–1.6, P = 0.445. There was no signicant change in the above estimate with an OR of 0.6
(95% CI: 0.32–1.4, P = 0.26). Total of 19 cases which had meconium liqour, 3 (20.0%) had normocoiling, 14 (74%) had hypocoiling, 2 (4%) had
hypercoiling. 135(88.0%) cases did not have meconium stained liquor. Out of them 116(95.4%) had normocoiling, 7 (26%) had hypocoiling and 12
(96.0%) had hypercoiling, which was statistically strongly signicant with P value being <0.001 (P <0.01) is strongly signicant. Meconium
staining was more in the hypocoiled group. Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes of < 7 was found with UCI which was < 10th percentile.
Conclusion: The abnormal umbilical coiling index is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. UCI which is < 10th percentile is termed as
hypocoiling and it is associated with meconium staining and low Apgar scores. Therefore, an antenatal detection of the coiling index can identify
fetuses who are at risk and thus help in further management.


Two calibration neutron monitors were designed for calibrating the ~ 40 stationary neutron monitors around the world in order to obtain rigidity spectra. One calibrator was sent to Kiel (Pc = 2.36 GV), Germany, and later to Doi Inthanon (Pc = 16.8 GV), Thailand. The other calibrator was transported to Antarctica to calibrate the NM64 and NMD at SANAE (Pc = 0.73 GV). Both calibrators were cali- brated against each other and the IGY in Potchefstroom (Pc = 6.94 GV), South Africa. Initial results on the intercalibration of these four stationary neutron monitors are reported.


Objective To study the CT findings and mechanism of hepatic perfusion disorders(HPD) of liver tumor.Methods The hepatic perfusion images of 56 patients with liver tumor were retrospectively analyzed.The type of tumor were proved in the sides of pathology,imageology and follow-up.The cases included 33 hepatic cell carcinomas,5 intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas,12 metastatic tumors and 6 hemangiomas of liver.Results The hepatic perfusional disorder in the hepatic cell carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma were looked in hepatic hilar region or hepar periphery,like wedge shape,lamellar or segment.Among them,there were 29 cases with portal venous tumor embolus and 19 ones with AV shunt.The images of the HPD in hemangiomas of liver showed the wedge shape,lamellar or segmental high-density.The images of the HPD in metastatic tumor showed ring-shaped high density around them.Conclusion It is conduce to diagnosis of hepatic tumor being proved through the sign of hepatic perfusion disorders and accompanyed symptom,to move forward a single step to learn the variation of blood supply within liver.Moreover,the hepatic perfusion can direct clinical treatment.


We have isolated and determined the sequence of a genomic clone containing the gene for a human class I transplantation antigen. The gene contains seven exons. The first five exons code respectively for a signal peptide, for the first, second, and third extracellular domains of the protein molecule, and for the transmembrane region. The cytoplasmic segment is encoded by part of the fifth and the sixth and the seventh exons. The structure of the protein encoded by this unit is closely homologous with known class I transplantation antigens.


The main purpose of this research is to assess the energy efficiency in Russia on its path towards the modernization of its energy systems. This modernization can be seen as an effective means for promoting decarbonization and energy-saving initiatives. Our methods include a comprehensive overview of the development of the energy sector in Russia, which is distinguished by the high concentration of state-owned enterprises, the absence of clear market mechanisms, as well as the domination of the fossil fuels represented by natural gas and oil. Furthermore, we present the perspectives of developing the renewable energy technologies in Russia. Our results enable us to create an in-depth analysis of the perspectives of modernization of the Russian energy sector and to draw the key connotations for its further development. Moreover, the outcomes of this paper can provide useful policy implications and guidelines for modernizing energy efficiency and energy systems for Russian stakeholders and policy makers, supporting their efforts to reduce the dependency on carbon fuels and to embark on the path towards the sustainable economic growth and development.


Deregulation, decentralization, and flexibilization are common phenomena found in labor law systems in almost all nations across the globe. The experience of the fundamental reforms of the Australian labor law system since the 1990s can be seen as a typical example. Such fundamental changes in labor law systems are caused by various complex factors such as economic pressures and intensified competition caused by the global market, structural changes from secondary to tertiary industry, technological developments that change the nature of work, individualization and diversification of the workforce, demographic changes, etc. Japanese labor law systems are also exposed to the same factors that affect labor relations. However, the responses of Japanese labor law are very different from those in other countries. In Japan, decentralization of industrial relations is seldom discussed because Japanese industrial relations were decentralized from the outset. Flexibilization is sometimes requested by Japanese employers who see the restrictions on dismissals as too rigid, but functional flexibility,


Received signal level (RSL) measurements are frequently used to verify coverage and ensure quality of service in cellular communication networks. To accomplish these tasks, it is of the utmost importance that these measurements are reliable and repeatable. This paper presents a repeatability study conducted on a series of RSL measurements in the GSM 1900MHz frequency band. The measurements were collected with three different drive-test systems used in common engineering practice. Data obtained from the tests are analyzed using statistical tools and the extent of the RSL measurement repeatability is determined. The analysis provides a quantitative assessment of the RSL dependence on random changes in the propagation environment. Data analysis demonstrates a significant repeatability difference between the measurement systems


This patent pending technology relates, generally, to surge protection devices. More particularly, it relates to a surge protection device that relies on the capacitive properties of the metal oxide varistor (MOV) as a part of an impedance network for failure identification. Unlike other designs that rely on thermal fusing to identify MOV operability, in this design the MOV is used as part of a capacitive network that would operate at a frequency other than 60 Hz. During normal operation (no failure), every capacitive impedance, including the MOV, will exhibit a voltage drop across them. On the other hand when the MOV fails as an open circuit then the current in this network will be zero and as a result zero voltage drops will be across the capacitive impedances. The reason only open circuit failure will be detected is because MOVs initially fail as a short circuit but eventually they fail as open circuit, due to continuous conduction .


In the article different classifying approaches to the complex sentences in the Ossetian language is given. It allows stating that the essence of the complex sentence, its grammatical meaning and its functional opportunities do not have a unique solution in the works of linguistic scholars.


Severe lung inflammation can lead to life‐threatening conditions such as acute lung injury (ALI) and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar macrophages are critical to these mechanisms. Not only do they clear debris, but as immune sentinels they direct the lung's pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses to optimize gas exchange. Despite the importance of macrophages in lung biology, a major difficulty is that the bulk of our understanding of lung macrophage function comes from studies on cells isolated from lung tissue or the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Since cell isolation may change cell function, studies of macrophages in intact alveoli are required.


INTRODUCTION : Proximal femoral nails (PFN) have been introduced relatively recent but have begun to compete the traditional Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS). The mechanical strength of the nail and less invasive procedure has made the procedure preferable. This is a short retrospective review of 48 cases operated in the last 3 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS : A retrospective review of 48 cases operated in the last three years which have completed at least a year of follow up with us. All have been treated using a PFN for unstable intertrochanteric fractures of femur. A radiological assessment was made with serial X-rays. RESULTS : The operating time was found to be short, less blood loss was seen during surgery and few early complications were noted. All cases were relatively free from long term complications. CONCLUSION: PFN is a suitable implant for unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures needing open reduction internal fixation. It has low per operative and post operative morbidity.


J Babol Univ Med Sci; 20(4); Apr 2018; PP: 68-73 Received: Nov 14 2017, Revised: Jan 24 2018, Accepted: Feb 24 2018. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Psychological capital is one of the positive psychological indices that is defined by the characteristics of optimism, perseverance, positive self-efficacy, and tolerance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on psychological capital in cardiovascular patients in Babol. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed among 24 cardiovascular patients who referred to governmental and non-governmental medical centers of Babol in two groups of 12 based on pretest-posttest design. The therapy based on acceptance and commitment was performed for the experimental group in 8 sessions. Participants were re-evaluated one month after the sessions, and psychological capital was evaluated according to self-efficacy, hope, tolerance and optimism subscales. FINDINGS: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the subscales of the psychological capital in the experimental and control groups in tolerance (3.53±0.48 vs. 2.88±0.67) (p<120.07), hope (4±0.51 vs. 3.05±0.49) (p<59.820), self-efficacy (3.58±0.54 vs. 3.25±0.59) (p>6.03) and optimism (40.6±0.56 vs. 2.94±0.66) (p>26.459). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy could be considered as an effective intervention in increasing the psychological capital of cardiovascular patients.


HDEHP with different kinds of diluent may have different polymeric forms, which in the extraction complexes are normally deduced according to their polymeric constants. In this paper, a method is proposed for the determination of the actual polymeric forms of the HDEHP extracting metal-ions. The distribution coefficients of the ions between the organic and aqueous phases (D) are measured as the function of ion concentrations ([Mm+]). Based on these data, the extraction capacity of HDEHP (CHdAn) can be calculated with the following formulations. Ch0nAn=m[Mm+]D/1-(D/D,)1/mBy comparision of the extractive capacity (cH0nAn) with the content or concentration of HDEHP(cH0A), the polymeric form is determined. If cH0An is half of the cH0A, the HDEHP is in dimeric form,and if they are equal to each other, the HDEHP extracting metal ions is in monomeric form.By this proposed method, the extractant is not necessarily saturated with metal ions for measuring extractive capacity.lt is shown that the HDEHP with chloroform or without diluent such as HDEHP-levextrel is in monomeric form and that with kerosine is in dimeric form when extracting Eu3+ in nitric acid.


In his landmark paper in 1973, Paul Lauterbur predicted that MRI would give information about tissue anatomy and function (1). He demonstrated the usefulness of exogenous contrast agents using MnSO4 and predicted that images sensitized to diffusion of water or detection of metabolites using spectroscopic imaging would be useful for characterization of pathology. Nearly 40 years later, proof of principal for a wide variety of contrast agents that show great promise to detect specific aspects of cellular function in vivo such as calcium dynamics, pH, specific enzyme activity, gene expression reporters, and detection of key molecules involved in intercellular communication, such as neurotransmitters, have been demonstrated. The goal of this presentation will be to show how the basic properties of MRI contrast can be utilized for molecular imaging of cellular processes with particular emphasis on the brain.


morphing programs, which may simulate the outcome of treatment for orthognathic and routine orthodontic cases. In fact, there is something for everybody with an interest in orthodontics. Even those with a slight interest in Information Technology will find a useful article, as there are many pearls of wisdom and advice within its pages. There are some challenging chapters on the future of craniofacial and orthodontic care, showing what could occur in the future. For example, the use of information technology to make the ideal bracket prescription ready to be placed in an ideal situation on the teeth via the use of lithographic models and computers in harmonization. As you would expect from such an eminent symposium, it is well written with good illustrations, although these are in black and white, and in a number of instances color would have helped, but the quality overcomes this slight shortcoming. In summary, a good read for all orthodontists, even those who only have a passing interest in information technology, because it will open their eyes to what is possible and may just be round the corner in the future. R. Hobson


Several empathic applications have been developed over the last years but can we redirect that empathy to specific characters? This paper focuses on the intention to induce empathy in children and stimulate role taking by presenting a narrative through the perspective of a specific character. The use of perspective is achieved by showing the events that happen in the story but without impartiality. We will describe a narrative-based application designed to help children cope with bullying situations, the FearNot! demonstrator, and an embedded filter that provides the subjective point of view of its characters, by observing the personalities and the relationships between those characters.


The ubiquitous nature of the W orld Wide Web provides the ideal framework for spontaneous collaboration of disjoint users. However , for Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) to actually function in the W eb, added coordination is needed. Firstly , a globally consistent state of the data must be maintained through some extended transaction concept. This is typically the task of a database system. Secondly , a suitable engine at the client side must permit setting a focus on the shared data. Any concurrent activities of other users which happen to stretch into a user 's viewport must also be made visible. Finally , the client must provide mechanisms for moving among the data (objects), for concurrency awareness, and for manipulation of the data. Clearly , such an approach goes beyond the groupware solutions which are based on whiteboard and telepointer methaphers, as they seldom allow immersion into a structured object space. Here, we present a complete and detailed description of a very compact, yet extensible solution to this task. It consists of a standard W eb browser with T cl plug-in and an extremely small applet (less than 3 KB) as interface generator on the client side. On the server side we employ an object-relational database engine wrapped by a T cl-b sed command interpreter for a navigational language. Server and client communicate via stream sockets. Other client-side solutions, e.g. ones based on Java, are discussed.


The invention discloses a multi-cuvette automatic analysis system and method and application of the system and the method. The multi-cuvette automatic analysis system comprises a power device, a colorimetric device, a sample adding device, a cleaning device and a control device, wherein the power device is used for providing power for the multi-cuvette automatic analysis system; the colorimetric device is used for performing colorimetric analysis on samples; the sample adding device is used for adding the samples into cuvettes; the cleaning device is used for cleaning the cuvettes; the control device is used for regulating the parameters of each device; and the colorimetric device comprises the cuvettes of which the light paths are 1cm. The light paths of the adopted cuvettes are 1cm, the light paths are lengthened, and the colorimetric analysis of the low-concentration samples is realized.


Abstract The objective of this paper is to study the impact of free trade on global environmental quality by focusing on the technology effect, that is, the relationship between trade openness and the adoption/diffusion of clean technologies. The paper attempts to empirically verify the existence of the technology effect by looking at the relationship between trade policy regime, or openness, and the speed of clean technology diffusion in the steel industry. Focusing on a cleaner steel technology, the electric arc furnace (EAF), in 30 steel-producing countries over 25 years, the results show that EAF technology is diffused faster in countries that have more open trade policy regimes, thereby supporting the existence of the technology effect for the industry considered.


Clean coal technology with its environmental and economic benefits are introduced in China.According to the actual characteristics of Chongqing energy consumption,the contribution of clean coal technology for reducing air pollutants emissions in Chongqing is analyzed.It is suggested that coal washing,selection and blending,coal briquette promotion in the down town,and energy cooperation with other areas are needed to promote energy-saving and emission reduction in Chongqing.


Physical education as an examination subject in the certificate of secondary education vy A. Stokehill. The Author advocates the introduction of examinations in school physical education, the results of which being written down in the personal certificate like any other school subject.


Senior physicians are an invaluable community asset that comprise an increasing proportion of the physician workforce. An increase in demand for health care services, with demand exceeding the supply of physicians, has contributed to discussions of the potential benefit of delaying physician retirement to help preserve physician supply. The probable increase in the number of senior physicians has been associated with concerns about their competent practice. Central to this issue are the changes that occur as part of normal aging, how such changes might impact medical practice and what steps need to be taken to ensure the competency of senior physicians. We propose that while age may be an important risk factor for performance issues, it is not the only factor and may not even be the most important. Data on cognitive performance among physicians referred for behavioral and performance concerns reveal that cognitive impairment afflicts physicians across the career span. If the overarching goal is to prevent patient harm through early detection, older physicians may be too narrow a target. Approaches focusing on health screening and promotion across the career span will ultimately be more effective in promoting workforce sustainability and patient safety than age-based solutions.


Converting Chinese pronunciation into mouth shape is helpful for people to learn Chinese pronunciation exactly, and for the deaf-mute to excise Chinese pronunciation. It is also an important way to visualizing pronunciation. In this research, one software which converts Chinese pronunciation into mouth shapes been designed on the multimedia technology and Object-Oriented technology. The software based on database of mouth shape of Chinese pronunciation and the database of Chinese Pinyin. These databases were established on the relationship between mouth shape of Chinese pronunciation and Chinese Pinyin. The design based on calling for Chinese character internal code, on Microsoft SAPI5 speech SDK and on speech recognition technology.


Each company has among its goals the incursion into new markets, provide them with opportunities for expansion and profitability and be an example of development and progress, born as problematic the market research. This paper shows an analysis of the most important and decisive factors within the investigative process, taking into account the major economic markets of Asia, highlighting the importance of the pre-export decision research, together with the economic and trade generalities the Asian market and the subsequent analysis of economic-commercial feasibility that we provide these countries, to know whether the factors taken into account by the company "Italian" are fundamental to research the Asian market.


The research question for this study is "What different design guidelines can be distilledfrom teachers in a distance education organization when they are tasked to imagine theinterface for synchro ...


SnailWorld Company Limited is intended to be a micro business that will be geared towards providing healthy and well packaged snail meat for a targeted market. The business will be owned by five people who will contribute the capital required for starting up the business.
The Company will be registered under the company code (Act 179, 1963) and other relevant bodies including the VAT secretariat, Internal Revenue Service and Standard Board as a Private Limited Liability Company. Certificate to commence business is dated December, 2011 but will officially commence production in March 2012.


In the field of the Criminal Law,the status of the violent crime against person among relatives,including the sexual crime,has been transformed to the behavior criminal law.We should reject thoroughly the stale idea of the feudalism which determines guilt positively by the status.We do not advocate a more severe penalty for the sexual crime between the adult relatives.Yet in order to protect the child rights and interests,we should punish more severely those who conduct sexual crime to children by taking advantage of relatives' relationship.


A nanocomposites preparation system based on under-expanding jetflow theory is designed.The system can in-termix nanometer powder into liquid polymer dispersedly and evenly.Using this system,can intermix inorgan-ic nanometer material into polymer basis,make the size of dispersed phase arrive at nanometer scale without adding other chemistry reagent and destroying the chemic characteristic of the basis.This preparation method solved the problem of nanometer gran ules' reuniting in the composite.In the preparation experiment,we treat epoxy as basis material and nanometer SiO 2 as accession.The experiment result show the high in termix effect of the method.


The isovector nuclear response of carbon is calculated using a random-phase approximation technique for both the non-spin-flip and the spin-flip channel. The calculated results are found to be in fair agreement with experimental results from C(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$,${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$) measurements at 500 and 400 MeV. The nuclear correlations quench and harden the charge-exchange quasifree peak as predicted.


Under certain special conditions the rate of urea excretion in the urine is directly proportional to the blood urea concentration so that the ration Urine rate/Plasma concentration Becomes a constant. 1 Under these conditions this ratio varies only with the amount of functioning renal tissue 2 , 3 and can be used as an accurate method for measuring renal function in man. 4 It has recently been shown 5 in the rabbit that phenol red is excreted in a manner similar to urea in so far as the relation of the urine rate to the plasma concentration is concerned. This has led us to examine the possibility of using phenol red in place of urea in performing the Addis test of renal function 4 which has been referred to. The results presented in Table I which were obtained from a subject without renal disease after the injection of 1 gm. phenol red∗ during an urea diuresis indicate that it may be feasible to use phenol red in place of urea to determine the Addis excretory ratio. The difference between the urea and phenol red ratios which is apparently constant will be discussed elsewhere. There are certain advantages over urea in the use of the dye, particularly in the determinations in the plasma and urine. The actual concentrations need not be measured. After appropriate dilution and alkalinization the serum and plasma are compared in the 2 cups of a good colorimeter and the ratio calculated from the readings and respective dilutions. The clinical application of the use of phenol red in this manner is being investigated.


Previous research has shown that 1-6% of all car crashes and 3-15% of fatal crashes are caused by fatigue or sleep. To investigate possible contributing factors a questionnaire study was carried out among,448 drivers who had been involved in a crash. Fatigue or sleep was a contributing factor in 1.3% of the crashes. 22% of the drivers had fallen asleep during the last 12 months, and 4.3% of those incidents resulted in a crash. More male than female drivers fall asleep at the wheel, and more young than elderly drivers. 40% of the sleep or fatigue related crashes were caused by drivers with sleeping problems. Falling asleep while driving is more likely to occur in good and/or monotonous driving conditions. Most drivers who fall asleep feel tired in advance, but continue driving despite this. Drivers who get tired report trying various measures to keep awake, mostly without success.


Let Food Be Thy Medicine and Medicine Be Thy Food. -Hippocrates Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous spectrum of clonal hematopoietic disorders with varying degrees of cytopenias and...


This research investigated how Family Communication Patterns Theory, one of the leading theories in the study of family communication, relates to parent-child communication regarding religion and outlook on the end of life. Using pairs of parent-child participants this research sought to connect the family type and style in which one was raised, with their likelihood to remain in the religion they were raised with, as well as their acceptance or fear regarding the end of life. This research seeks to close the gap between parenting styles/family dynamics and adult feelings, thoughts, and beliefs regarding religion and death. This research was based on two research questions: Do dyads agree on their Family Communication Patterns Theory Family Type and which family type is most common amongst dyads who do agree? And to what extent can Family Communication Patterns Theory be used to understand and predict an individual's feelings regarding death, as well as their conformity to the religion they were raised with, and the ways in which they self-evaluate their understanding and feelings of death?


A pulse train deinterleaving framework based on interleaved Markov process (IMP) estimation is presented. The approach models interleaved pulse trains as a collection of Markov processes interleaved by a Markov switch. Deinterleaving is performed through learning an IMP representation of the interleaved pulse trains. We apply a recent unsupervised information-theoretic technique that infers the underlying Markov processes by minimizing a penalized maximum likelihood (PML) entropy cost function. The technique is able to associate groups of disparate clusters in the pulse parameter space that are produced by the same parameter-agile emitter. This enables the correct determination of the number of emitters in scenarios where traditional multi-parameter clustering techniques produce many more clusters than there are actual emitters. Pulse timing information is incorporated to the extent that it is reflected in pulse ordering; in contrast to traditional time-of-arrival analysis techniques, the approach does not require precise timing resolution and can accommodate highly complex pulse repetition interval (PRI) patterns. An experimental demonstration and performance characterization on synthetic pulse train datasets is provided.


gration and industrial conflict. Inexpensive, brief, and dotted with historical photographs that complement the straightforward narrative, the book is well suited to any undergraduate class covering the history of labour, immigration, or this period in Canadian history. Historians interested in class politics and the history of strikebreaking will also find valuable material in Morrison's book. In addition to discussing local elections, it contains examples of the ideological disputes that afflicted the socialist movement, traces the fate of independent labour's attempts to build external support for workers' goals and create 'the co-operative commonwealth' (76), and Conservative efforts to split the labour vote and break the Liberal hold on federal power. If Labour Pains convinces some readers that the complexity of Thunder Bay makes it worthy of research, then they will find evidence that good sources are available to pursue their interests. nathan smith University of Toronto


The paper takes boundary value problem of two-dimension static fields of a regular hexagon as an example and establishes the calculation model of the finite difference method of regular triangle lattices, and elicits the arithmetic solution and electric potential distribution and corresponding isopotential graphics by compiling computer program of MATLAB language, on the basis of which disposal of the numerical calculation about the finite difference method is discussed and analyzed.


Many studies have been conducted on the effect of tax education on tax consciousness, however, no study that reveals such an effect has been conducted in Latin America. In this context, we aimed to analyze whether there is a significant difference between the attitudes towards tax consciousness of students who took tax courses and those who did not take tax courses at the University of Externado in Colombia. The data regarding 538 surveys were taken into account for analysis and testing. A 5-point Likert scale was used for the attitude items in the survey. It was observed that the data on attitude items did not show a normal distribution. Therefore, non-parametric tests were used for the data subject to our survey. In this context, the relationship between the demographic data (gender, marital status, work status) and the attitude items were analyzed through Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests. The test results of our study for gender and marital status showed that female students compared to males and married students compared to single and engaged students showed more supportive attitudes towards consciousness. Additionally, the students who define their own tax consciousness level as high revealed more supportive attitudes towards tax education. As the results of our analysis revealed that there is not much difference among the attitudes of students who received tax courses and those who did not receive tax courses, it would be beneficial for comparability to carry out such a study in universities in other countries located in Latin America.


The use of Technology has had an enormous impact on the world of education. The use of technology has many advantages for the field of education and particularly for foreign language education. Technology can build substantial interest by adding variety and bringing new experiences to the classroom. That is why technology is increasingly being promulgated as a powerful mechanism which can transform education (Deville, 2001). In that respect, this paper aims to highlight the significant benefits of PowerPoint Presentation for both the EFL teacher and learners in Sebha University. The paper also discusses a variety of ways in which this technology can be used in English language learning classroom.


Composite material includes a polymer matrix, polymerization agent, and a plurality of capsules containing the corresponding activator for the polymerizer. Further, the composite material may also comprise an adhesion promoter, the polymerization agent may be phase separated from the polymer matrix. The composite material may be prepared by dispersing the polymerizer and the capsules into the polymer matrix. These composite materials may exhibit improved environmental stability, may be used in conjunction with a wide range of active agents. .BACKGROUND


In this paper we investigate directed technical change in the energy sector. We develop a dynamic model in which energy demand is satisfied with production derived from renewable and fossil-fuel energy. This framework allows us to establish a long-run relationship between relative energy prices and relative innovation in the two sectors, which is estimated using a panel of 23 OECD countries and 28 years (1978-2006). We find that a raise in the relative price of fossil-fuel energy leads to an increase in the relative amount of innovation in renewable technologies. JEL Classification: O30, Q41, Q50


More than 90 years ago, in the Seventh NSSE Yearbook, Charles Lowry (1908), then the Chicago district superintendent of schools, outlined five avenues for the improvement of teachers: 1) supervision, 2) work undertaken voluntarily by teachers, 3) work required of teachers, 4) work stimulated by rewards or advancement in position, and 5) miscellaneous efforts. Fast-forward to the mid-1990s, when Goertz, Floden, and O'Day (1996) captured an emerging consensus for improvement when they argued for five different avenues for building capacity for systemic reform: 1) articulate a vision for reform; 2) provide instructional guidance to help realize the vision; 3) restructure governance and other organizational structures to facilitate learning; 4) provide necessary resources; and 5) establish evaluation and accountability measures that help provide incentives and address barriers. These recommendations suggest that teacher workforce development is best addressed through a coherent system of strategies across many levels and activities (e.g., initial preparation and induction, recruitment and selection, evaluation and compensation). Thus, leadership for teacher development and capacity building, the central theme of this chapter, becomes critical. In the conventional form of U.S. school and district organization, educational leaders manage a bureaucracy and the workforce within it, and the practice of leadership is largely hierarchical and gendered. Leadership responsibilities are associated with specific, official positions within the hierarchy and tend to focus on administrative matters rather than instructional ones (e.g., Elmore, 2000; Smylie & Hart, 1999). As with most attempts at educational innovation and reform, changes in


This dissertation concerns the effects of the economic crisis in the Greek family and in particular to the families served by the Centre of SOS Children's Villages in Kalamata.
 The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the economic crisis in the family in areas such as the daily life and mental health of parents and children.
 The study consists of two parts. In the theoretical part consists of a review as presented the causes of the economic crisis and the impact on the family. Additional highlights the role of SOS Children's Villages and how they contribute to addressing the problems faced by families because of the crisis.
 Conducting research is based on primary data which were collected by the Centre served. The type of research is descriptive and research tool used, including the family affluence scale, the health View SF36 and KIDSCREEN questionnaire. The sample consisted of 60 families served by the Child and Family Support Center in Kalamata.
The main results obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires was that the current economic crisis has brought about significant changes in the lives of families respondents. The reduction in income due to job loss has brought about a significant reduction in expenditure on food by (30%), clothing (36.7%), leisure activities of the family, (63.3%) etc. While anxiety and insecurity have increased heavily tensions within the family. SOS Children's Villages supports families in need with financial and social resources in order to ensure a calm family environment for children.
 In conclusion the survey results show that the majority of families who use the services of SOS Children's Villages, there is great acceptance rate of (90%), the degree of satisfaction both to encourage independence at a rate of (76.7%) and support to families in address the problems, (93.3%).