H5 has been proposed to be the intermediate of the astrochemically interesting proton transfer reaction H + 3 + H2 → H2 + H3 . The scrambling of five protons in this floppy, "structureless" ion introduces complications to its highresolution rovibrational spectroscopy and the proton transfer dynamics between H3 and H2. Quantum chemical studies are performed to predict and interpret the spectroscopic and dynamical properties of H5 , with special consideration paid to the group theoretical aspects. If the full permutation of protons were allowed in H5 , just like in CH + 5 , the system should have been characterized by the G240 complete permutation-inversion group.b However, our diffusion Monte Carlo calculations indicate that such a full permutation is not allowed for most of the molecular configurations sampled by the reaction path of the proton transfer process in question, and the energetically accessible permutations are functions of the distance between the H3 and H2 fragments. c In the present study, we investigate two extreme geometries of H5 , the [H2H-H2] shared-proton intermediate and the H3 · · · H2 long-range complex, using two subgroups of G240, G16 and G24, respectively. In these two limiting circumstances, we derive the symmetry-adapted basis functions for the energy levels that describe the nuclear spins and the rovibrational motions of H5 . Based on the results of these derivations, we discuss the spectroscopic properties of H5 , including the coupling between different rovibrational degrees of freedom in the effective nuclear motion Hamiltonian, the electric-dipole selection rules for rovibrational spectroscopy, and correlations of energy levels between [H2-H-H2] and H3 · · · H2. Our study can be considered as the first step towards the implementation of future quantitative theoretical investigations for comparison with spectroscopic and dynamical experiments. d


We investigate the properties of the nearest-neighbor singlet pairing and the emergence of d-wave superconductivity in the doped honeycomb lattice considering the limit of large interactions and the $t-J_1-J_2$ model. First, by applying a renormalized mean-field procedure as well as slave-boson theories which account for the proximity to the Mott insulating state, we confirm the emergence of d-wave superconductivity in agreement with earlier works. We show that a small but finite $J_2$ spin coupling between next-nearest neighbors stabilizes d-wave symmetry compared to the extended s-wave scenario. At small hole doping, to minimize energy and to gap the whole Fermi surface or all the Dirac points, the superconducting ground state is characterized by a $d+id$ singlet pairing assigned to one valley and a $d-id$ singlet pairing to the other, which then preserves time-reversal symmetry. The slightly doped situation is distinct from the heavily doped case (around 3/8 and 5/8 filling) supporting a pure chiral $d+id$ symmetry and breaking time-reversal symmetry. Then, we apply the functional Renormalization Group and we study in more detail the competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in the vicinity of half-filling. We discuss possible applications to strongly-correlated compounds with Copper hexagonal planes such as In$_3$Cu$_{2}$VO$_9$. Our findings are also relevant to the understanding of exotic superfluidity with cold atoms.


PNEUMATOSIS cystoides intestinalis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of gas-filled cysts involving the intestinal wall and its attachments. It is known under a variety of names: gas cysts of the intestine, pseudocyst and intestinal emphysema. The condition is so unfamiliar that in most cases it is diagnosed on the operating table. Since the etiology and natural evolution of this disease are not well understood, the therapeutic indications may be quite uncertain. In a review published in 1952 Koss1 gathered reports of only 213 cases of pneumatosis intestinalis from the world literature. Excluding 32 heterogeneous cases these fell . . .


Abstract Disclosure: P.G. Morris: None. A.E. Herbison: None. Arcuate kisspeptin (ARNKISS) neurons, which co-express glutamate, neurokinin B and dynorphin, intermittently synchronize their activity to drive pulsatile hormone secretion. However, the mechanisms underlying such network behaviour remains unclear in females. Using an acute Kiss1-Cre GCaMP6 brain slice preparation which maintains spontaneous synchronized ARNKISS neuron burst firing, we were able to both characterise this behaviour and reveal the neurotransmitter receptors contributing to it. Results in diestrous female mice revealed that the order individual neurons took part in synchronizations was only mildly consistent, with a mean Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.43. Spontaneous ARNKISS neuron synchronizations were found to be highly dependent on glutamate transmission via AMPA receptors, as well as Neurokinin B transmission. Inhibition of NMDA receptors did not alter rates of synchronization, and similarly inhibition of kappa opioid receptors had no effect on rate of synchronization or duration of spontaneous events. Combined with previously published data in male mice, these data underscore the importance of AMPA receptors in synchronizing the ARNKISS neuron network, but additionally suggest a sex difference in the relative contribution of neurokinin B to synchronizations. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


In this paper we present a unified approach to establish gradient type formulas and Bismut type formulas for backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). This approach relies on a mix of derivative formulas with respect to the conditional probability of forward SDEs and the expression of the solution of BSDEs. Some concrete examples are given to illustrate the results. As applications, we provide representation formulas for the control solutions to McKean-Vlasov BSDEs and derive gradient estimates for related PDEs. AMS Subject Classification (2010): 60H10; 60G22; 34F05


The search for new drugs has favored the research on medicinal plants as a source of bioactive substances, mainly due to the increased microbial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of Pseudobombax marginatum against bacteria of clinical interest and its possible mechanism of action. The antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Pseudobombax marginatum bark (HAEPMB) and of Butanolic Fraction (BF) was determined by Agar diffusion and dilution methods in which Bacillus cereus was more susceptible, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 29213 and 33591, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) corresponding to 0.5mg/mL and 1.0mg/mL, respectively. Changes in the bacterial cell ultra structure were shown through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Transmission Electron Microscopy, suggesting that P. marginatum interferes in cell surface of B. cereus as its possible mechanism of action. HAEPMB and BF affected the bacterial cell wall with changes in the cytoplasmic membrane and content, causing growth inhibition or cell death. The chemical analysis showed presence of phenolic compounds, among them catechin derivatives, and the activities are attributed to these derivatives.


Fatigue of Ag–Cs2O, Ag–Cs surfaces has been observed in blue and red light. In blue light the long wave threshold shifts to shorter wave‐length and the long wave maximum increases and sometimes shifts to shorter wave‐length. Rise of temperature at the cathode counteracts the phenomena. In red light temperature effects are dominating. The observed phenomena are in line with de Boer's theory of the photoelectric effect on such surfaces as the formation of positive ions on the surface causes polarization of the neighboring Cs‐atoms and a change in their selective absorption.


Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on his/her physiological or behavioral characteristics. A biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system which recognizes a user by determining the authenticity of a specific characteristic possessed by the user. Extracting unique features from the human body is an important task. Curvilinear structure is one of the most popular features used in biometric systems. However, even though current techniques exist to extract line features, none retain its wide information well, which is necessary in biometrics. In this thesis we propose an approach to solve this problem. After analyzing the cross-sections of given lines, we notice they are Gaussian shaped. Hence, a Gaussian filter to match them is suitable to be used. Applying a single scale filter generates a lot of noise and/or loses details. To overcome this deficiency we develop a multi-scale approach, i.e., three scales according to the cross-section widths (largest, smallest and average) as well as eight directions (horizontal, vertical and diagonal). A response is calculated by convoluting the original image with the filter. Two responses using different scales and directions form a production which exhibits less noise than a single scale filter and also preserves wide information. Two biometric applications are applied to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, one is for personal authentication using palm veins and another for recognizing Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in retinal blood vessels.


Stigma and Discrimination Among Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Surakarta City, Indonesia. Thesis. Counselor: Prof. Bhisma Murti, dr., MPH., M.Sc., Ph.D. Co- Counselor: Dr. Argyo Demartoto, MSi. ). Studied Master's in Public Health. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ABSTRACT Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquaired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) infection among children can be accur through mother-to-child transmission. The medical social reality does not make child living with HIV/AIDS (CLWH) free from stigma and discrimination of society due to HIV/AIDS affects children. The purpose of this study was to explore the stigma and discrimination of children with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta. Subject and Methode: This study is a qualitative research with phenomenological approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, key informant are CLWH living in Lentera Surakarta Shelter. Data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews. The validity of the data using triangulation of data sources. Analyzed using a systematic coding. Result: CLWH treated negative stigma and discrimination in the family, housing, schools and health care institutions in the form of prejudice, rejection, exclusion, unfair treatment, and restrictions. Stigma and discrimination in various settings where the incidence was mainly caused by lack of medical knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Stigma and discrimination experienced by CLWH negative impact on the psychological condition. CLWH experienced psychological pressure indicated by feelings of sadness, crying, depressed, did not want to take medication, despair, feel isolated and withdrawn from their social environment. Conclusion: Socialization of medical knowledge about HIV/AIDS need to be in full swing in the family environment, housing, schools and health care institutions so that no stigma and discrimination on the CLWH. Keywords: CLWH, Stigma, Diskrimination


Increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging techniques have provided important insights into the anatomo-functional basis of many of the nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD), including pain, dementia, anosmia, and mood and sleep disorders. Autonomic dysfunction contributes to many troublesome symptoms in PD, yet the underlying pathophysiology has been less well-characterized. The article by Pyatigorskaya et al.1 provides important data linking cardiac and respiratory autonomic dysfunction to diffusion tensor MRI abnormalities within the medulla oblongata.


Dual-task interference (DTI) is a decreased performance when conducting 2 tasks simultaneously, such as cognitive and motor tasks. This study aimed to identify the DTI-related factors with individually computerized interference and analyze the relative implications of decreasing DTI in healthy farmers. It followed 3 computerized experiments: (1) cognitive task (CT): release button 1 (BT1) as rapidly as possible when the word and color matched, (2) motor task (MT): release BT1 and then tap button 2 (BT2) 10 times as rapidly as possible when "O" was presented, and (3) dual tasks (DT): combination of CT and MT elements.


Samples of panettone sourdoughs manufactured in an industrial bakery located in Japan were investigated. The sourdough starter called mother sponge was imported from Italy and propagated continuously in Japan. According to traditional practice in Italy, panettone sourdoughs were prepared. Microflora was composed of Yeast (106-107cfu/g) and LAB (107-108cfu/g). All the fermentation process, predominant yeasts has the feature of no maltose fermentation and no growth at 37°C. Predominant LAB fermented maltose and has requirement of Tween 80 for growth. DNA-DNA hybridization data exhibited they were Candida milleri and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis. Furthermore L. sanfranciscensis forming L-lactate was isolated from panettone sourdough. And lactate dehydrogenases took part in isomer of lactate produced by them. It was confirmed that the native microflora of the panettone mother sponge was successfully preserved in Japan.


Ischemic Stroke. The aims of the treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke are (1) rapid restoration of blood perfusion, (2) secondary prevention, (3) prevention, early recognition, and therapy of complications, and (4) initiation of the process of rehabilitation. Recent developments in these fields are reported. Stroke units with their specialized, multi-disciplinary teams have been proven to be the adequate structure. Z Gefäßmed 2013; 10 (4): 12–8.


Depression with an inadequate treatment response presents a significant public health problem that is poorly understood. Neuroimaging has been used as a tool to study the neurobiologic nature of this disorder. The resultsof these studies, however, have been inconsistent. A lack of clear definitions regarding inadequate treatment response combined with differing imaging methodologies has made interpreting the limited data challenging. Currently, there is insufficient neuroimaging data to conclusively determine whether treatment-resistant depression is a unique biological entity or merely a spectrum of other depressions. Although neuroimaging cannot presently help clinicians in making individual treatment decisions, it does hold future promise for providing a means to investigate the nature of this illness and possibly direct treatment in the future.


The Center for Assessment of Chemical and Physical Hazards (CACPH) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed a computer hotline service for the Department of Energy (DOE) and its contractors. This service provides access to health and safety information for over 800 chemicals and hazardous materials. The data base uses System 2000 on a CDC 6600 and provides information on the chemical name and its synonyms, 17 categories of health and safety information, composition of chemical mixtures, categories of chemicals, use and hazards, and physical, chemical and toxicity attributes. In order to make this information available to people unfamiliar with System 2000, a user-friendly interface was developed using a Fortran PLEX Program. 1 reference, 1 figure.


A new atmospheric dynamical core, named the High Order Method Modeling Environment (HOMME), has been recently included in the NCAR-Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4). It is a petascale capa- ble high-order element-based conservative dynamical core developed on a cubed-sphere grid. We have examined the model simulations with HOMME using the aqua-planet mode of CAM4 (atmospheric component of CCSM4) and evaluated its performance in simulating the equatorial waves, considered a crucial element of climate variability. For this we compared the results with two other established models in CAM4 framework, which are the finite-volume (FV) and Eulerian spectral (EUL) dynamical cores. Although the gross features seem to be comparable, important differences have been found among the three dynamical cores. The phase speed of Kelvin waves in HOMME is faster and more satis- factory than those in FV and EUL. The higher phase speed is attributed to an increased large-scale precipitation in the up- per troposphere and a more top-heavy heating structure. The variance of the n= 1 equatorial Rossby waves is underesti- mated by all three of them, but comparatively HOMME sim- ulations are more reasonable. For the n= 0 eastward inertio- gravity waves, the variances are weak and phase speeds are too slow, scaled to shallow equivalent depths. However, the variance in HOMME is relatively more compared to the two other dynamical cores. The mixed Rossby-gravity waves are feeble in all the three cases. In summary, model simulations using HOMME are reasonably good, with some improve- ment relative to FV and EUL in capturing some of the im- portant characteristics associated with equatorial waves.


Objective To evaluate the value of low-dose multi-slice CT(MSCT)with post-processing techniques in the diagnosis of endo-tracheal/bronchial foreign objects in children.Methods 38 pediatric patients with clinically suspected endo-tracheal/bronchial foreign objects in children,underwent low-dose MSCT scanning.The mean effective dosage of radiation(mGy)was measured for all patients.The original scanning data were reconstructed with MPR,MinIP,and VB.Results Foreign objects were detected by conventional bronchoscopy in 32 patients,which were also revealed on MSCT.The position,size,shape and accompanying signs of foreign objects were clearly demonstrated by MSCT.MPR could clearly demonstrate foreign bodies located above segment bronchi on multiple planes,as well as pulmonary complications,which was superior to MinIP and VB;and the shortage of axial images could be made up.Conclusion Low-dose MSCT with post-processing techniques is satisfactory in the diagnosis of endo-tracheal/bronchial foreign objects in children.providing accurate information of the exact size,location,shape as well as pulmonary complications,thus playing an important role in the diagnosis of suspicious airway foreign body in children.


The results of a review on the effects of choleric aggression in sports with physical contact are presented. This research was based on eight articles from four databases (PsycInfo, Ebsco, Proquest, Elsevier) and three journals (Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Perceptual and Motor Skills, and Revista de Psicologia del Deporte), published between 1995 and 2007. The review showed that few conceptual models study the relation between choleric and sport performance. Statistical results in this review showed that, partially, and not definitely choleric aggression enhances performance in sports with physical contact (50% of studies), nevertheless, the other 50% of studies reported no benefit from this emotion on performance. The split conclusions about the relevance of choleric aggression, based on the empirical evidence analysis in a small portion of the literature should not preclude the study of this relation. Methodological measures are suggested to research on this issue.


Global warming has a huge impact on the different climatic components. In Antarctica, small changes on the ice-sheet or the ocean may drive the continent to some large instabilities. At a certain threshold, a tipping point might be crossed and the ice-sheet might retreat faster and irreversibly. The TiPACCs (Tipping Points in Antarctic Climate Components) project aims to a better understanding of the tipping points of Antarctica, both in the ocean and in the glaciers.  3 different ice-flow models (Elmer/Ice, PISM, and Ua) are used in the project.  This study is focusing on the Elmer/Ice model to determine and characterize tipping points for its grounding lines. In this presentation, the most famous instability of Antarctica, the Marine Ice-Sheet Instability (MISI), will be investigated. The goal is to define the stability regime of the current Antarctic ice-sheet. For this purpose, multiple initial states have been created.  The Elmer/Ice model uses the inverse method as it has been done in InitMIP-Antarctica (Seroussi et al. 2019) to define initial states. A common initial state for the three TiPACCs models has been defined by the use of common datasets and parameters. The melt at the base of the ice-shelf is defined by the PICO parametrization (Reese, 2016) which permits to define the melting per basins with a box model. Then, perturbations of basalt melt are be applied by modifying the ocean far-field temperature and salinity. The stability of the current grounding line is evaluated by calculating the grounding line migration for the different ice-shelf. The experiments are driven by a small but numerically significant perturbation to observe a retreat of the grounding line. If the grounding line is moving backward when removing the perturbation, then we can conclude that it is stable. Otherwise, if the grounding line is continuing its retreat then it is unstable.


A revision of the emphorine bee genus Leptometriella Roig-Alsina is presented. These bees occur mostly in xeric areas of South America, from Cochabamba in Bolivia to northern Patagonia in Argentina. Seven species are recognized, four of which are described as new: L. boliviana and L. minima from Bolivia, and L. hirsutula and L. monteana from Argentina. Lectotypes are designated for Teleutemnesta separata Holmberg, 1903, and Ancyloscelis minuta Friese, 1908. Ancyloscelis humilis Vachal, 1904, Ancyloscelis minuta Friese, 1908, and Melitoma specularis Vachal, 1909, are new synonyms of L. separata (Holmberg). A key to the species, descriptions, and illustrations are provided.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of online social media health education on the knowledge about premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) in school adolescent who experience PMS. This study had quasy-experimental design with one group pretest posttest without control approach. The sample was 77 school adolescent who experienced PMS symptoms. The research intervention was conducted by having health education about PMS using the online social media, facebook for four weeks with two posttest. The data collection instrument was Premenstrual Syndrome Knowledge Questionnaire. The results showed that there is online social media health education has an effect (p=0,001;<0,05) on adolescent knowledge about PMS.


The Introduction gives an overview of the book's narrative -- the seventeenth-century English Revolution's overthrow of monarchy and the quest for more political representation by regular people. While a king was reinstated in England in 1660, poor people carried the ideas across the Atlantic to the Chesapeake colonies. There a network of activists, with women at the center, crossed colonial boundaries to pursue a society founded on equality. But the growth of the slave system would undermine their efforts.


By 1931, two years after the stock market crash, millions of Americans were jobless, homeless, and destitute. "Hoovervilles" arose on the edges of large cities — crude shelters built of packing crates, cardboard, and old metal—while lines of hungry men waited for soup and bread. Families dug through garbage dumps in St. Louis and sought table scraps outside Chicago's restaurants. In New York City hundreds suffering from malnutrition or starvation were admitted to hospitals. Across the country thousands of people were on the move, migrating in quest of relief or for a simple sense of motion.


I t is over four years since (in May 1959) I gave the Rede Lecture at Cambridge. I chose a subject which several of us had been discussing for some time past. I hoped at most to act as a goad to action, first in education and second—in my own mind the latter part of the lecture was always the more pressing—in sharpening the concern of rich and privileged societies for those less lucky. I did not expect much. Plenty of people were saying similar things. It seemed to me to be a time when one should add one's voice. I thought I might be listened to in some restricted circles. Then the effect would soon die down: and in due course, since I was deeply committed, I should feel obliged to have another go. For a while that appeared to be a reasonable prognosis. According to precedent, the lecture was published, as a paper-covered pamphlet, the day after it was delivered. It received some editorial attention, but, in the first months, not many reviews. There was not, and could not be, any advertising. Encounter published long extracts, and these drew some comment. I had a number of interesting private letters. That, I thought, was the end of it. It did not turn out quite like that. By the end of the first year I began to feel uncomfortably like the sorcerer's apprentice. Articles, references, letters, blame, praise, were floating in—often from countries where I was otherwise unknown.


................................................................................................................................... 2 1. STARS PROJECT & ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................ 5 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 7 3. METHODS – DATA ACQUISITION ....................................................................................... 8 3.1. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.2. CROP GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1. Variables ................................................................................................................................ 9 3.2.2. Data recording method ........................................................................................................ 10 3.2.3. Data products ....................................................................................................................... 11 3.3. GROUND CONTROL POINTS ............................................................................................................. 12 3.3.1. GCP Construction ................................................................................................................. 12 3.3.2. GCP Measurements ............................................................................................................. 12 3.3.3. Data product ........................................................................................................................ 12 3.4. MEASURING PHYSICAL REFLECTANCE ................................................................................................ 13 3.4.1. Radiometric Panel Construction .......................................................................................... 13 3.4.2. Measuring reflectance ......................................................................................................... 13 3.4.3. Data product ........................................................................................................................ 15 3.4.4. Use radiometric panel in the field ....................................................................................... 16 3.5. FLYING THE UAV .......................................................................................................................... 16 3.5.1. Specifics UAV and camera .................................................................................................... 16 3.5.2. Camera settings ................................................................................................................... 16 3.5.3. Flying location and time of day ............................................................................................ 16 3.5.4. Metadata product ................................................................................................................ 17 4. METHODS – DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 18 4.1. OVERVIEW INPUT DATA & DATA ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 18 4.2. SELECTION OF CLUSTER .................................................................................................................. 19 4.3. UAV IMAGE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................... 19 4.4. UAV RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION .................................................................................................... 20 4.5. NDVI CALCULATION, EXTRACTION AND CORRELATION WITH PLANT HEIGHT ............................................. 23 4.6. SPATIAL VARIATION ....................................................................................................................... 24 5. RESULTS ......................................................................................................................... 25 5.1. FERTILIZATION EFFECT ................................................................................................................... 25 5.2. UAV IMAGE QUALITY .................................................................................................................... 29 5.3. NDVI & PLANT HEIGHT ................................................................................................................. 33 5.4. SPATIAL VARIATION ....................................................................................................................... 36 5.5. TEMPORAL PROFILE ....................................................................................................................... 38 6. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................... 39 6.1. FERTILIZATION EFFECT ON CROP GROWTH ......................................................................................... 39 6.1.1. Fertilization and crop height ................................................................................................ 39 6.1.2. Environmental effects .......................................................................................................... 39 6.2. POTENTIAL OF UAV IMAGERY FOR CROP GROWTH QUANTIFICATION ...................................................... 40 6.2.1. Image quality........................................................................................................................ 40 6.2.2. Correlation NDVI and height of the crops............................................................................ 41 6.2.3. eBee as a source of information .......................................................................................... 42


Abstract : The Air Force Productivity Symposium was co-hosted by the Leadership and Management Development Center and the Productivity and Research Office, Headquarters USAF, in February 1980. The purpose of the symposium was to present relevant productivity-related research and programs and to provide answers to the question 'What initiatives should be included in the Air Force Productivity Program?' This report represents the work of the Symposium and contains three parts. The first contains the results of discussion and recommendations of the Symposium. The second part contains copies of papers read or presented during paper sessions. The final section contains copies of materials used in briefings where no formal papers were available. A previous version of this report was published as an LMDC Working Paper and submitted to Symposium members only. This report is intended to update and replace that Working Paper. (Author)


Abstract 1. The host species used by a herbivorous insect may impose different selective pressures promoting host race formation, yet the presence of plasticity can potentially constrain host race formation.


This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional RBAC model in SOA by combining with the characteristics of SOA, puts forward a RBAC-SOA model and then makes a detailed discussion on design and implementation. The model resolves the problem of tedious matching and unhandy authorizing for the roles by taking team and services as a turning point. It has the advantages of reusability and expansibility, which assures the safely-visiting based on SOA system.


Virus and virus-like particles (VLPs) are very attractive biological subjects for self-assembly manipulation and templated synthesis of nanomaterials. However, the fundamental studies and applications are often constrained by problems associated with their structural weakness. Here we present a strategy of interfacially bridging covalent network within tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) VLPs to bring outstanding structural properties and functionalities. We arranged T103C cysteine to laterally conjugate adjacent subunits. In the axis direction, we set A74C mutation and systematically investigated candidate from E50C to P54C as the other thiol function site, for forming longitudinal disulfide bond chains. Significantly, the T103C-TMV-E50C-A74C shows the highest robustness in assembly capability and structural stability with the largest length, for TMV VLP to date. The fibers with lengths from several to a dozen of micrometers even survive under pH 13. The robust nature of this TMV VLP allows for reducer-free synthesis of excellent electrocatalysts for application in harshly alkaline hydrogen evolution. This study, therefore, presents significant progress to develop existing VLP with unprecedented structural properties and the applications thereof.


The cherry tree (Prunus avium L.), is an important tree species which is intensively plagued by many phytopathogenic fungal species. Resistance gene analogs (RGAs) are the largest class of resistance (R) genes and are pivotal components at breeding projects, serving as useful functional markers linked to R genes. In order to assess the evolutionary pressures acting upon P. avium RGAs candidates, their 173 homologues that have previously been deposited in GenBank were mined. Their proteins were clustered according to their blast(p) similarities in 12 MCL (Markov Cluster Algorithm) tribes, resulting in unique and well supported paralogous gene groups (PGGs). The extent to which these genes exhibit evidence of adaptive, positive selective pressures, which are causing excessive fixation of non-synonymous mutations, was determined using a series of maximum likelihood analyses using the PAML package. The results postulate existence of robust evidence of positive selection, acting in almost all of the clustered PGGs across their phylogenies. Furthermore, analyses revealed that the majority of the positively selected amino acid residues sites are localized widely across these RGAs sequences. We speculate that the clustered distribution of these RGAs might also be pronounced of high birth and death genes rates with diversifying episodes acting on their NB-ARC domains, putatively affecting their ligandbinding specificities. Such evolutionary insights shed light on how these NBS-encoding RGAs in P. avium are being evolved, assigning them as the foremost surveillance mechanism against rapidly evolving fungal pathogens, and providing breeders with effective tools for fast-tracking the development of varieties with more durable resistance.


Jakarta as an urban area has responsibility to provide public spaces as an environment balancing that can be used and enjoyed by all Jakarta civilians, which one that a city should provide is park. DKI Jakarta has city parks which locations are spread around Jakarta. City parks have different size, characteristic, form, and condition. Generally, parks that located in the city center or activities center have a better condition than parks located in suburb. Moreover, parks in Jakarta have a gap in between, at different location. Parks function and location distribution that spreads around Jakarta is better have a good concept, so that it can optimize their functions in order to fulfill the public space needs in urban area. It would be great if all the city parks in Jakarta have a good condition and optimized function, which can support a livability of a city. This paper tries to identify the park's system and development concept in Jakarta and how to maintain them. The result that we expected is a recommendation for park's system and development concept as an order to fulfill the public space needs in urban area


We report three heptanuclear [Ni7] complexes with planar disc-like cores, akin to double-bowl metallocalix[6]arenes, which form molecular H-bonded host cavities.


We present results of a time-resolved study of the ultrafast magnetic response of Gd/sub 23.1/Fe/sub 71.9/Co/sub 5.0/ magnetically amplified magnetooptical systems (MAMMOS) structures under conditions near actual read/write temperatures. An all-optical pump and probe method was used in which an intense (pump) light beam excited a medium due to ultrafast laser heating and a less intense (probe) beam monitored this photo-excited state through the magnetooptical Kerr effect. Our experiment clearly demonstrates that the photo-excitation effectively excites coherent spin waves in the magnetic material. Precession frequencies of several gigahertz and relaxation times in the nanosecond range were observed.


Abstract One ONNO-donor tetradentate Schiff base ligand LH2 was derived from the condensation of salicylaldehyde and 1,3-diaminopropane and reacted with Cu(NO3)2·6H2O and NaNCO to yield one trinuclear complex with molecular formula [Cu3L2(µ1,1-NCO)2]. The synthesized complex was characterized by IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study explores that the two terminal copper atoms adopt square pyramidal geometry, whereas the central copper atom situated at the inversion center is surrounded by four phenoxo oxygens and two end-on cyanato anions to adopt an octahedral geometry. The ONNO-tetradentate Schiff base ligand coordinates with the copper(II) ion via two oxygen atoms of the phenoxo-group and two nitrogen atoms from the imine moiety. A theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also carried out to supplement the experimental results. All the DFT calculations were done in gas phase.


Using the hierarchical approximation, we discuss the cut-off dependence of the renormalized quantities of a scalar field theory. The naturalness problem and questions related to triviality bounds are briefly discussed. We discuss unphysical features associated with the hierarchical approximation such as the recently observed oscillatory corrections to the scaling laws. We mention a two-parameter family of recursion formulas which allows one to continuously extrapolate between Wilson's approximate recursion formula and the recursion formula of Dyson's hierarchical model. The parameters are the dimension D and 2 � , the number of sites integrated in one RG transformation. We show


Based on corresponding ascocarp ontogeny and thallus structure, the genera Euopsis and Harpidium are included in the family Lichinaceae. In the two species of Euopsis, E. granatina and E. pulvinata, the apothecia develop from ascogonia in generative tissue, while in H. rutilans they are pycnoascocarps. In thallus anatomy, the species of Euopsis resemble Pyrenopsis haematopsis and allied species, while H. rutilans corresponds in structure and development of the thallus and apothecia to Pyrenopsis haemaleella (syn. P. sphinctotricha).

H. rutilans is the first member of Lichinaceae known to have only a green algal symbiont. In E. granatina, two phycobionts are always present, a species of Gloeocapsa and a chlorococcalean alga.

In Euopsis and Harpidium, the ascus wall is composed of an outer, non-expansible and an inner, expansible layer; the latter surrounds the protoplast as an amyloid collar, which expands during spore release into a long, tapering rostrum. In Euopsis, the outer wall layer is strongly amyloid and the upper part separated from the expanded amyloid rostrum by a non-amyloid zone, appearing like a slit in LM studies. The ultrastructure and function of the ascus in E. granatina has been studied in TEM and is interpreted as functionally unitunicate-rostrate. Unitunicate asci with short rostrum are described for P. haemaleella and P. haematopsis.


After considering the generalized uncertainty principle, we discuss the quantum tunneling radiation of a five-dimensional Schwarzschild anti de Sitter black hole. The radiation spectrum and the correction value of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy are derived. In a five-dimensional black hole the one order correction term in the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy correction term is proportional to the third power of the area, and the logarithmic correction term is a two-order small quantity. The correction term is related to the dimension constant introduced in the generalized uncertainty principle. Because the black hole entropy is not divergent, the lowest value of the five-dimensional Schwarzschild anti de Sitter black hole horizon radius is obtained. After considering the generalized uncertainty principle, the radiation spectrum is still consistent with normalization theory.


This study employed production and perception experiments in an exploration of whether "purely" prosodic marking of focus is weak and ambiguous in...


The following zero-sum game is considered. Red chooses in integer interval [ 1, n ] two integer intervals consisting of k and m points where k + m < n, and Blue chooses an integer point in [1, n]. The payoff to Red equals 1 if the point chosen by Blue is at least in one of the intervals chosen by Red, and 0 otherwise. This work complements the results obtained by Ruckle, Baston and Bostock, and Lee.


A constant supersaturation value is maintained during a crystallisation process by continuous additions of reactants using the automatic system reported in this paper. Crystal growth rate was defined by the volume added per unit of time. An effective kinetic inhibitory effect of phytate on the growth rate of crystals of calcium oxalate has been detected in the phytate concentration range 13-120nM. A study of the variables affecting this process in relation to analytical applications is reported, and a very sensitive new method for phytate determination is proposed


Abstract Although the first private university in Uganda was founded in 1988 and the private university sector has since grown rapidly to become one of the most prominent features of higher education (HE) in Uganda, the contribution of private universities (PUs) to the provision of HE has remained largely unexplored and as such, less understood. The purpose of this paper, then, is to analyse the contribution of PUs to the provision of HE in Uganda, using theories of the non-profit organisations and Geiger's conceptual framework about rationales for growth of the PUs. The paper is based on data that were collected through qualitative interviews conducted in 2008 with six faculty deans from Uganda Christian University (UCU); reviews of paper and web-based documents from the National Council for Higher Education (NCHE) and the PUs in Uganda; and reviews of national and internal literature about private higher education (PHE). Data analysis reveals that excess demand for HE, per se, was not responsible for the growth of the PUs in Uganda; instead, it created opportunities for individuals and organisations to establish PUs. Because of their diverse backgrounds and the policy environment in which they exist, PUs undertake various roles in the provision of HE.


This study investigated deeply into what happened when a language learner made failure and success. The question is how and what learners do to make improvements and achievements and/or to turn their learning results worse. Adopting grounded theory methodology and ethnographic perspective with prolong observations and interviews as the basis of data collection and analysis, the researcher studied the learning stories of 8 participants in 24 months to build up a general formula explaining how improvements and achievements operate. Motivation and autonomy were classified as the two central and most stable constructs in a holistic model containing numerous changing affective factors. Results showed that it is not really because of any single change in any individual factor/construct, but the operation of this whole model shapes the success and failure in language learning.


The utility model discloses a device for detecting the tone quality of a horn, which comprises a circulating disk and also comprises a bracket and a microphone bracket, wherein the bracket and the microphone bracket are fixedly connected with the circulating disk, a positioning plate of a horn is arranged on the bracket, a switching circuit board is arranged in the positioning plate of the horn and is connected with a test probe arranged on the bracket, the test probe is connected with sound emitting equipment, the switching circuit board is connected with the horn arranged on the positioning plate of the horn by a wiring port or a connector, a positioning clamp for positioning the horn is arranged on the positioning plate of the horn, the microphone bracket is provided with a microphone, and the microphone is connected with an instrument for detecting the tone quality. The device for detecting the tone quality of the horn is convenient to position the horn to be detected and connect the horn to be detected and a sound box, and the operation is convenient.


ABSTRACT The current study correlates Merton's anomie theory and W. E. B. Dubois's double-consciousness theory to measure black law enforcement officers' reactions to occupational strain resulting from officers' ethnic-identification. Measuring levels of anomic behavior provides a scale for identifying levels of risk affecting the well-being of individual officers and organizations. Testing hierarchal regression models with a national sample of black state- and federal-level law enforcement officers (n = 84) reveals a presence of double consciousness as a significant predictor for levels of anomic behavior in law enforcement occupational cultures. It also further suggests that race remains a significant factor in law enforcement organizations and cultures, whereas many police executives would prefer to believe that race issues in policing are settled.


The constantly growing number of vehicles sold and operated has resulted in greater contribution of automobiles to global pollution. One way to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and toxic compounds, including the particulates and nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in exhaust gases, is to use alternative fuels. Within this group of fuels, those of plant origin, mainly alcohols, are attracting more and more attention because of their high oxygen content (around 35%), low viscosity, and good atomisation. However, alternative fuels have different physicochemical properties than diesel fuel, and these may affect the formation of the fuel spray, which, in turn, impacts the operation of the internal combustion engine, operating parameters, and the purity of the exhaust gases emitted into the environment. To make sure this type of fuel can be used in compression ignition engines, it is necessary to gain a thorough understanding of the phenomena and relationships occurring during fuel injection. The study investigated the effect of ethanol added to diesel fuel on the range of fuel spray. Firstly, the kinematic viscosity was determined for diesel fuel, and for diesel–ethanol blends with varying proportional contents of ethanol, up to 30% v/v. The viscosity test was carried out at 40 °C in compliance with the normative requirements. At the next stage, the range of the spray tip was measured for the same fuels in which kinematic viscosity was assessed. A visualisation chamber and a high-speed camera were applied for this purpose. The test was carried out under reproducible conditions, in line with the test methodology used to determine the range of fuel spray. The analyses assessed the effect of ethanol addition on kinematic viscosity and the range of fuel spray. The findings show that the increase in ethanol content corresponds to a decrease in kinematic viscosity by about 4% on average. The results were inconclusive for the lowest injection pressure tested (75 MPa), since some of the mixtures investigated were found with a lower spray range, compared to diesel fuel with no ethanol added. The greatest increase in the spray range (by approximately 39%) was found in the fuel with 30% content of ethanol at an injection pressure of 125 MPa.


: We have reported previously that multiple neck appears, yield and drawing stresses decrease and natural draw ratio increases if drawing of low oriented amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filament is carried out in ethanol rather than in the air or water. Crystallization of PET at room temperature took place in the cold drawing through the infusion of ethanol into filament. Based on these results, investigation on the effect of drawing speed on infusion and drawing behaviors of PET filament upon cold drawing in ethanol was carried out in this research. The decrease in drawing speed caused the reduction of number of neck, reduction of yield and drawing stresses and increase of natural draw ratio. Even though number of neck was larger at higher drawing speeds, analyzed propagation speed of individual neck point increased with the increase of drawing speed. On the other hand, amount of infused ethanol in filament at a high draw ratio increased with the reduction of drawing speed, which lead to the appearances of more distinct crystalline reflections in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern and equatorial streaks of higher intensity in the small-angle X-ray scattering pattern. When the drawing was carried out in the ethanol mixed with dye, infusion of dye molecules was more distinct at lower drawing speeds, and vividly colored fiber was obtained at room temperature.


This research discussed about students" understanding on adaptation processes
of culture shock through "English Vinglish" movie which aimed to describe the
process of culture shock that understood by students of English literature department
who had studied about culture shock and watched English Vinglish movie. This
research focused on Collen Wards" theory about culture shock and this research itself
used reader"s response which tried to describe the response of students toward
English vinglish movie and it also tried to see the students who understood culture
shock through movie. Then, the data were analysed using descriptive qualitative
method. The researcher used interview guide as the instrument to find out valid data.
The findings showed that the adaptation processes of culture shock in "English
Vinglish" movie as understood by students were honeymoon phase, crisis phase,
recovery phase, and adjustment phase. The researcher concluded that all participants
who studied culture shock were capable of identifying the process when they were
watching the movie.


In this paper,a elementrary operations method is given for finding factor matrix in rank decomposition of matrix A with rank r and applied to solve linear equations.


Dim and small infrared target easily flooded in complicated background. In order to improve the ability of target detection, the background is often suppressed to enhance the target signal. Referring to the lack of robust adaptability of the gradient inverse weighted filtering for background edges , an improved gradient inverse weighting filtering algorithm is proposed through the establishment of background local correlation function. The use of background local statistical characteristics of adaptive filter parameters, can better adapt to the drastic change in the background, and improve the ability to suppress background suppression algorithm. Experimental results show that the improved gradient inverse weighted filtering could effectively suppress the background of images, presenting a superior overall performance to other background suppression methods.


not accommodate the traditional conviction of Christianity that the created world points beyond itself to its Creator and ruler. It may well be that the forms of argument in which this conviction has found classical expression need restatement. To say that 'we cannot find in the physical world more of God than we already know from other sources' is as unsatisfying to the believer to whom the heavens declare his glory as to the seeker to whom the other sources (Revelation, mystical experience, etc.) are not available. It would be ungracious to dwell on inadequacies and disagreements, or to let them obscure some of the profound and helpful discussions—for instance, that on the problem of evil. Whatever the disagreements, one is left with the overwhelming impression that it is the basic concern which makes this book an example to be followed. Doctrinal differences fade into the background when this labour of 'incarnating Christianity' (the phrase is the late Abbé Godin's) is seen in its true perspective, which Professor Hodges states in a way which can hardly fail to move, or serve as a challenge to our humility: 'We must ask these questions and subject every answer to careful examination, so that the merely conventional, or traditional or reassuring formulae may be detected and rejected, and the real issue be seen as it is. There is no way to the truth except through this purgation, and the purgation may take long.


Interleukin‐38 (IL‐38) is a novel member of the IL‐1 cytokine family with anti‐inflammatory activity. However, its effect on adipogenesis and inflammatory cytokines secretion of adipocytes in vitro has not been reported. To address whether IL‐38 inhibits adipogenesis and inflammation in vitro, adipose precursor 3T3‐L1 cells were cultured with or without IL‐38. The morphology and size of lipid droplets in 3T3‐L1 cells were measured by Oil red O staining. The mRNA expression levels of GATA‐binding protein‐3 (GATA‐3), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator‐associated receptor γ2, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in 3T3‐L1 cells were detected by real‐time PCR, The contents of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and MCP‐1 in 3T3‐L1 cell medium supernatants were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. IL‐38 significantly decreased the number of lipid droplets in 3T3‐L1 cells. IL‐38 also increased GATA‐3 and GLUT4 mRNA expression and inhibited IL‐1β, IL‐6, and MCP‐1 secretion by 3T3‐L1 cells. It is concluded that IL‐38 can inhibit the differentiation of human adipocytes and inflammatory cytokine production by 3T3‐L1 cells.


We should study Yangxiong's theory on humanity with reference to the history of Confucian ethics cultivation. Confucian produced the basic Confucianism humanity theory and Zhongyong attempted to prove it. Mencius and Xunzi consummated the theory in different ways. Yangxiong discussed the problem in another way. He emphasized nature equality of humanity. Yangxiong's thought was the recurrence of Confucian humanity theory.


The antimicrobial properties of selected probiotic bacteria against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti,
Fusarium spp., Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined. Well diffusion and spot and
streak methods showed strong inhibition effect of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites against moulds
and minimal effect against yeasts. Among the moulds species tested, the inhibitory effect was strongest
against Fusarium spp., moderate against Penicillium roqueforti and minimal against A. niger. All strains of
Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. paracasei subsp. paracasei showed maximum inhibitory effect. When
probiotic bacteria and yeasts and moulds were co-cultured in broth media, strains of L. rhamnosus showed
maximum inhibitory effect, whereas L. paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis
and Propionibacterium showed moderate inhibitory effect against C. albicans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was
minimally controlled by probiotic bacteria. Pre-grown probiotic bacterial culture metabolites controlled
yeasts and moulds more effectively than their freeze-dried or frozen forms. Adding metabolites of probiotic
bacteria (5% w/w) showed an effective control against A. niger, Fusarium spp. and C. albicans during the
shelf life of 10 weeks at 4 �C and no colonies of yeasts and moulds were formed on the surface of the dip.


Acknowledgements: An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the 2014 convention of the Association for Asian Studies where it won the South Asia Council's Best Graduate Student Paper prize. I would like to thank my friends and interviewees in Lucknow for their insight and hospitality and Sandria Freitag, Nandini Gooptu, Sandrine Gukelberger, Éva Rozália Hölzle, Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka, Chris Taylor and four anonymous reviewers for their detailed feedback. I also acknowledge the assistance of Editage in language editing. On 16 January 2013, a Sunni real estate developer opened fire at a Shi'a religious assembly in Wazirganj, a mixed neighbourhood in old Lucknow, India, killing one and injuring two. At its core, this was a business rivalry gone awry, but was soon labelled the 'Wazirganj Terror Attack' by Shi'a activists. Demonstrations were staged, politicians were arrested, and religious gatherings were invigorated. Based on 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper considers why the attack took place and why it escalated. The political economy of real estate and local politics are argued to have motivated the attack, but the attackers miscalculated and lost control of the incident. The subsequent escalation can only be understood in light of Shi'a clerical competition over new moral registers and an emerging middle class morality that replaces ethical concern for solidarity with narrow codes of 'proper' conduct. This underlines the importance of intra-group contestation to intergroup conflict, and the limits of purely instrumentalist explanations of sectarian violence.


Genetic diversity of 44 cotton varieties(including 38 Gossypium hirsutum and 6 Gossypium barbadense ) divided into 6 populations, were analyzed by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers according to their different origins. Eleven among 60 ISSR primers were chosen for their strong reproducibility and high polymorphism. A total of 90 fragments were amplified, in which the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB ) was up to 77.78%. Popgene32 analysis indicated that genetic diversity of Xinjiang population(6 G. barbadense belonged to this population) was the highest [PPB = 91.43%, H (Nei's gene diversity index) = 0.3769, I (Shannon's information index)= 0.5464], then the CCRI (Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) population and Henan population followed it. However, there was no significant difference of genetic diversity among Shandong, Shanxi and Hebei populations, and the lowest genetic diversity was Shanxi population (PPB = 58.57%,H = 0.2484,I = 0.3587). Nei's total genetic diversity index indicated that 82.42%of variation was within populations while 17.58% was among populations; the gene differentiation (Gst) among populations was 0.1759, and the total gene flow (Nm) was 2.34. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages) cluster analysis indicated that the relationship among Shanxi,Shandong and Hebei populations was nearest and gathered together first, then clustered with CCRI and Henan population. And last clustered with Xinjiang populations whose relationship was the furthest.


FIELD: data transmission by radio communication systems. SUBSTANCE: protocol data blocks are organized for establishing communications and disconnecting communication lines, controlling data transmission and reception, determining status and detecting error. EFFECT: provision for organizing data exchange protocol. 11 cl, 7 dwg


The following paper discusses clinical and neurochemical evidence for a role of sexual hormones in the pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome.


Pekan Dolok Masihul Pergulaan Chicken Farm is one of the farms located in Serdang Various North Sumatra, this farm has approximately 4500 chickens with details of 1500 hens, and 3,000 male chickens. In raising chickens, which are one of the types of poultry, which are included in the type of livestock whose lives are raised by humans in order to provide economic benefits. In its operation, of course, you have to pay attention to various factors so that this farm can run according to expectations, the factors in question include cleanliness of the cage, type of feed, the amount of feeding and what is no less important is the health of the livestock itself, breeders must be able to recognize various symptoms of disease. In chickens so that the health of the chickens can be maintained properly, this is one of the obstacles in Dolok Masihul Pergulaan Chicken Farm, where breeders have difficulty identifying the symptoms of disease from their livestock. This was done so that there was no big loss. From these problems, the authors make a system that can help breeders in recognizing the symptoms of diseases that occur in poultry. The purpose of this study was to easily identify the symptoms of disease in poultry, especially in chickens, by utilizing information technology, one of which is the development of an expert system in diagnosing disease symptoms that arise in livestock. The methodology used in developing this expert system uses the Certainty Factor method. With the Certainty Factors method, it can determine the certainty of the diagnosis of a fact that is true or not. This research has several stages, namely problem identification, data collection, system analysis, system design, system implementation, and testing. This research can produce information in the form of symptoms or even diseases arising from livestock, so that farmers can easily use this information as a reference in making a decision, of course the decision in question is the prevention and management of symptoms or diseases that arise in livestock for efforts are made in the form of first aid measures. This system can analyze diseases caused by viruses from the air entered by the user based on the symptoms that exist in poultry. This system is capable of representation storing expert knowledge based on value (Certainty Factor).


I have spent most of my medical career working with health care teams to improve patient outcomes, in hospitals, outpatient clinics, an insurance company network, health system, skilled nursing facility, and in home visits. It is my contention that quality reporting certainly can lead to better


The physical and electrochemical properties of LixMnO2 and LixTi0.11Mn0.89O2 synthesized from precursors made by glycine-nitrate combustion (GNC) and solid-state synthesis methods (SS) are examined in this paper. The highest specific capacities in lithium cells are obtained for SS-LixMnO2 electrodes at low current densities, but GNC-LixTi0.11Mn0.89O2 electrodes show the best high rate performance. These results can be explained by changes in the voltage characteristics and differences in the particle morphologies induced by the Ti-substitution and synthesis method. Ti-substitution also results in a decrease in the electronic conductivity, but greatly improves the thermal properties and imparts dissolution resistance to the electrode. For these reasons, it is preferable to use LixTi0.11MnO0.89O2 in lithium battery configurations rather than LixMnO2. Suggestions for improving the electrochemical performance of the Ti-substituted variant are given based on the results described herein.


We consider a synchronous dispersion process introduced in pervious study of Cooper and coworkers and we show that on the infinite line the final set of occupied sites takes up O(n) space, where n is the number of particles involved.


Soundar Kumara, Nina Berry, Goutam Satapathy, Octavia Camps, Brian Sheldon and Tim Thomas Intelligent Design and Diagnostics Research Lab Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering 207 Hammond Building The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 (kumara, goutam, or berry @marie.iddr.ie.psu.edu) Rapid changes have taken place in our world over the past few years. Information technology is revolutionizing the way we live. Knowledge is power and the ease of access to this knowledge makes the manipulation of the data critical. Yet, if one can harness the vast integration of data which flavors the users' knowledge the end result could somehow satisfy the elusive quest for complete knowledge integration. This paper overviews the Distributed Intelligent Architecture for Logistics (DIAL) system, currently being developed as a project for the U.S. Army Logistics Evaluation Agency. The DIAL system is designed to integrate existing software packages into an unified architecture to support the needs of the end users. To ascertain what integration is needed in the DIAL system three major questions were addressed (1) what task(s) will the users be facing, what data will be needed by the user, and (3) how to integrate across a distributed platform of resources. The solution to these questions resides in the design and development of the centralized agent-based architecture DIAL, where the software applications, data, and users are all treated as software agent components residing in distributed computer systems.


This paper explores trends of professional training universities in Aquaculture Engineering at public universities of Chile, verifying performance of supply ...


This paper illustrates the use of Krylov vectors and Lanczos vectors for reduced-order modeling in structural dynamics and for control of flexible structures. Krylov vectors and Lanczos vectors are defined and illustrated, and several applications that have been under study at The University of Texas at Austin are reviewed: model reduction for undamped structural dynamics systems, component mode synthesis using Krylov vectors, model reduction of damped structural dynamics systems, and one-sided and two-sided unsymmetric block-Lanczos model-reduction algorithms.


ABSTRACT By exploring and defining characteristics of a smart city research and innovation centre, we contribute to the discussion on smart city development capacity. To do so, using a qualitative method, we review definitions of the concept and map international groups and institutes affiliated with this domain. Our main result is an overview of global research centres dealing with smart cities. One of the key implications of this paper is that instead of a strict definition, the important aspect appears in the framing provided by the complex real-life challenges that require and enable cross-disciplinary research, even though the concept keeps evolving.


Factor S3, an unusual metabolite of Propionibacterium shermanii, is biosynthesized from porphobilinogen (PBG) by three enzyme, PBG deaminase, uro'gen III methyltransferase (M1), and the Salmonella typhimurium cbiF gene product, isolated from recombinant strains of Escherichia coli. PBG deaminase affords uro'gen I, and MI performs the methylation of three β-pyrrolic carbons of uro'gen I to form 2,7,12-trimethylpyrrocorphin I. The cbiF gene product then methylates one α-pyrrolic carbon (C-16). Nonenzymatic insertion of zinc into the macrocycle forms the tetramethylated zinc corphinoid factor S3


ABSTRACT Field trials were conducted to assess the potential of annual cultivars of caraway (Carum carvi L.) for essential oil production in western Canada, a location where severe winter temperatures limit the production of commercial, biennial caraway cultivars with higher carvone concentrations. Among the caraway cultivars tested, 'Karzo' produced the highest seed yields and had the highest essential oil content (3.4%). For optimum yields, the cultivar Karzo required high seeding rates (about three times current seeding rates used with other cultivars), a 2.5 to 4 cm seeding depth, and seeding no later than May 19 (to ensure full seed maturity).


In the radar and communication integration system based on the linear frequency modulation (LFM), the communication information has great influence on the ambiguity function and the communication performance. To solve this problem, we propose a novel integrated waveform, where we employ the LFM signal combining with the time division technology as carriers to carry the communication information. Then we analyze its ambiguity function, matched filter design, distance resolution and BER performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate this novel integrated waveform performs well and meets practical requirements.


INTRODUCTION
The study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies allows asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 to be identified, and post-infection and post-vaccination immunity status to be evaluated.

OBJECTIVE
To know the behavior of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies before and after vaccination in workers of a cancer center.

METHODS
Prior to the application of the vaccine, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (n = 171) was analyzed by evaluating anti-N IgG antibodies; post-vaccination, after receiving the second dose, anti-S IgG antibodies were evaluated (n = 60).

RESULTS
Prior to vaccination, IgG antibodies were present in 18.71% of participants; they were detected in 65.22% of those with prior history of COVID-19 diagnosis and in 11.49% of those without it. The positions with the highest prevalence were nurses (28.26%), paramedics (27.59%) and administrative workers (27.78%), p < 0.01. Anosmia, ageusia and chest tightness were associated with the presence of IgG (p < 0.05). Post-vaccination, all participants developed IgG antibodies; people with a previous COVID-19 diagnosis had higher titers: 10,277 vs. 6,819 AU/mL, p < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONS
The study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies allowed asymptomatic health workers to be identified. A high percentage of participants with prior COVID-19 diagnosis had antibodies. All participants developed IgG antibodies after vaccination, with higher titers being identified in those with previous infection.


As a new type of pulsed power supply, air-core pulsed alternators concentrate all the functions of energy storage, energy conversion and power conditioning in one machine. It is also easy to condition the output voltage and current waveforms. These advantages make it a promising compact power supply system for a variety of fields including laser and electromagnetic launchers. The whole work process of a two-phase air-core pulsed alternator can be divided into self-excitation process, discharge process and energy reclaim process. The aim of the self-excitation is to generate an adequate current in the exciting winding for the discharge process and there is a condition to realize a successful self-excitation for a two-phase air-core pulsed alternator. In this paper, the relationship between the successful self-excitation condition and the design parameters of the air-core pulsed alternator was established. A comparison of the successful self-excitation condition between a single-phase air-core pulsed alternator and a two-phase alternator was also made. To verify the conclusions of the paper, some simulations were performed on a single-phase air-core pulsed alternator and a two-phase air-core pulsed alternator. Each phase armature winding of the two-phase alternator shares the same electrical parameters as the single-phase alternator. The results and conclusions of the analyses and simulations in this paper can offer guidance for the flexible design and optimization of two-phase air-core pulsed alternators.


In this work we present the atomistic computational study of the adsorption
 properties of Co doped MoS2 adsorbed ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4). The
 adsorption distance, adsorption energy (Ead), charge transfer (Qt), bandgap,
 Density of States (DOS), Projected Density of States (PDOS), transport
 properties, sensitivity and recovery time have been reported. The diffusion
 property of the system was calculated using Nudge Elastic Band (NEB) method.
 The calculated results depict that after suitable doping of Co on MoS2
 monolayer decreases the resistivity of the system and makes it more suitable
 for application as a sensor. After adsorbing NH3 and CH4, Co doped MoS2
 bandgap, DOS and PDOS become more enhanced. The adsorption energy calculated
 for NH3 and CH4 adsorbed Co doped MoS2 are -0.9 eV and -1.4 eV. The reaction
 is exothermic and spontaneous. The I-V curve for Co doped MoS2 for CH4 and
 NH3 adsorption shows a linear increase in current up to 1.4 V and 2 V,
 respectively, then a rapid decline in current after increasing a few volts.
 The Co doped MoS2 based sensor has a better relative resistance state,
 indicating that it can be employed as a sensor. The sensitivity for CH4 and
 NH3 were 124 % and 360.5 %, respectively, at 2 V. With a recovery time of
 0.01s, the NH3 system is the fastest. In a high-temperature
 condition/environment, the Co doped MoS2 monolayer has the potential to
 adsorb NH3 and CH4 gas molecules. According to NEB, CH4 gas molecules on Co
 doped MoS2 has the lowest energy barrier as compared to NH3 gas molecules.
 Our results indicate that adsorbing NH3 and CH4 molecules in the interlayer
 is an effective method for producing Co doped MoS2 monolayers for use as
 spintronics sensor materials.


Another beautiful kerala home design is here which is at an area of 1760 sq.ft. The house is well designed in the Kerala contemporary style.It's a 4 BHK two story house with a beautiful balcony.Well designed 4 bedroom house with latest facilities. kerala...


We consider a one parameter family of Lorenz maps indexed by their point of discontinuity $p$ and constructed from a pair of bilipschitz functions. We prove that their topological entropies vary continuously as a function of $p$ and discuss Milnor's monotonicity conjecture in this setting.


With the integration of more and more nonlinear components such as the power electronic devices in modern Energy Internet systems, traditional electromechanical transient simulation would not be able to accurately reflect the dynamic response of modern power systems. System level full electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation could be a possible supplement to the power system simulation. However, very few researches have touched the area of system level EMT simulation. One of the main obstacles for full EMT simulation might be the initialization issue. Therefore, a novel transition state calculation (TSC) approach for the initialization of full EMT simulation is proposed. The TSC approach is aiming at obtaining the steady-state initial values for the detailed electromagnetic transient simulation, based on the single-phase power flow results. The transition state is able to combine the features of power flow steady-state models and the dynamic models of the electromagnetic transient network. Case studies on IEEE-9 test system are performed to evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Comparing with the traditional power flow initialization method, the proposed TSC approach is irrelevant to fault types, and has faster response and smoother transient waveform during the full EMT simulation.


Charles Dickens was England's greatest Victorian author, whose many books are read today and admired for their depth of character and description of Victorian life. A video of London sites important to Dickens


Population data from the Department of Population and Civil Registration can be used by other agencies according to the needs of that agency. The Department of Population and Civil Registration uses SIAK (Sistem Informasi Administrasi Kependudukan /Population Administration Information System) for its service processes, the SIAK application is an application made by the Director General of Department of Population and Civil Registration of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The SIAK application still has limited features for operators in the District, for this reason the SIDAK application was created for the utilization of population data in Musi Banyuasin Regency. In this SIDAK application, there is no feature available for visualizing graphical data so that the desired data can be easily analyzed in aggregate data. For the data visualization, the authors took the data from the SIAK database conversion to the SIDAK application. The data taken is the aggregate data on the number of populations, mandatory ID card, birth, death, move, arrival, occupation, religion, education, blood group, marital status, persons with disabilities, age groups. Therefore, we need a tool that capable of visualizing population data using a website in the form of a dashboard system at the Department of Population and Civil Registration. This  population data visualization system development uses the Extreme Programming method


In this study, creep/recovery behavior of wood flour/polypropylene (PP) composite was compared with solid wood and PP. Wood flour–PP composite samples (strips with 10 mm thickness and 70 mm width) were made using a laboratory twin-screw extruder. Short-term flexural creep tests at 30% of ultimate bending load were performed using flexural creep equipment. Total time to complete every test was 120 min (60 min creep and 60 min recovery). Creep parameters (relative creep, fractional deflection, creep rate, etc.) were measured for all creep test samples. The result showed that the relative creep in wood–plastic composite (WPCs, with or without coupling agent) is significantly higher than solid wood and lower than PP. Also, it was observed that the creep rate in WPC (with or without coupling agent) is significantly lower than plastic, but is approximately equal to solid wood. The use of coupling agent decreased relative creep and fractional deflection in wood flour–PP composite panels. Findley creep model predicted creep strain with a high acceptable accuracy for studied materials.


We report a one-pot synthesis of regioregular polythiophene stabilized gold nanoparticles with narrow size distributions that can form fibril-like structures due to the self-assembly of regioregular polythiophene.


Background: Breast milk is the best natural nutrient for the baby. However, some mothers have problems with breastfeeding due to lack of breast milk production. Spinach leaf ( Amaranthus Spinosus L ) is considered as one of the plants that have the effect of non-synthesis lactagogues to increase milk production. Objective: To analysis the effect of spinach leaf ( Amaranthus Spinosus L ) extract on prolactin and breast milk production in postpartum mothers. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest posttest with control group design conducted in the Community Health Center of Wonogiri II Indonesia from December 2016 to January 2017. There were 30 participants were selected using purposive sampling, with 15 participants assigned in an experiment group and a control group. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-test. Results: The results showed significant differences in prolactin levels (p = 0.000), breast milk production (p = 0.000), and infant weight (p = 0.000) (<0.05) after given spinach leaf ( Amaranthus Spinosus L ) extract. Conclusion: Spinach leaf ( Amaranthus Spinosus L ) extract had a significant effect in increasing the prolactin levels and breast milk production in postpartum mothers.


We construct a family of birational maps acting on two dimensional projective varieties, for which the growth of the degrees of the iterates is cubic. It is known that this growth can be bounded, linear, quadratic or exponential for such maps acting on two dimensional compact Kahler varieties. The example we construct goes beyond this limitation, thanks to the presence of a singularity on the variety where the maps act. We provide all details of the calculations.


Using harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ) method, nonlinear vibrations and instability of a smart composite cylindrical shell made from piezoelectric polymer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reinforced with boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are investigated while clamped at both ends and subjected to combined electro-thermo-mechanical loads and conveying a viscous-fluid. The mathematical modeling of the cylindrical shell and the resulting nonlinear coupling governing equations between mechanical and electrical fields are derived using Hamilton's principle based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with the Donnell's non-linear shallow shell theory. The governing equations are discretized via HDQ method, and solved to obtain the resonant frequencies and critical flow velocities associated with divergence and flutter instabilities as well as re-stabilization of the system. Results indicate that the internal moving fluid plays an important role in the instability of the cylindrical shell. Application of a smart material such as PVDF improves significantly the stability and vibration of the system. © 2012 IAU, Arak Branch. All rights reserved.


This paper presents robust control for a quadrotor using TS (Takagi-Sugeno) fuzzy model and an LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) approach. TS fuzzy model can provide an effective representation of nonlinear systems with a set of local linear models. We present TS fuzzy model for the quarotor which is composed of local linear models valid in different operation points. Also, a state feedback controller is designed based on LMIs with the pole placement method. Simulation results illustrate the more stable tracking performance of the proposed controller in comparison with a conventional LQR controller.


Risk management is being measured in audit process for Research University and public universities who are awarded autonomy in Malaysia. Risk behaviour is needed to minimize and prevent risks since it influences the project performance. Unfortunately, there were lacked of discussions about the specified risk management practices and effects of risk behaviour on R&D project in Malaysia. The aim of this research is to examine the effects of risk management practices and risk behaviour on R&D project performance. Quantitative method was practiced in this study with population of 850 R&D project leaders and sample size was 265 leaders. Data were obtained from 265 project leaders of research university grant (GUP) tier 1 and 2 projects, UTM. Unexpectedly, this study revealed that risk behaviour gives higher impact on R&D project performance compared to risk management practices. Hence, risk management practices and risk behaviour for R&D projects should not be neglected since both of them affect the R&D project performance.


A comprehensive approach to combating trafficking in human beings requires precise knowledge of the scope of the problem and constant evaluation of government responses. Reporting on the status of human trafficking achieves both goals. This Article is designed to examine the various human trafficking reporting mechanisms, including reports that states are required to submit to the United Nations as well as national reports whereby governments engage in a process of selfassessment. Comparative models from Europe and the United States will be examined. The Article analyzes reports released by interministerial task forces as well as congressional hearings held on progress made and future steps that must be taken. This Article advocates establishing an independent and competent national rapporteur or a similar mechanism to assess government actions to combat the problem and recommend changes that should be implemented to reform existing frameworks. While reporting is an essential element of monitoring the status of human trafficking, it has not received adequate attention. This Article attempts to provide the first comprehensive study on the issue. * Mohamed Y. Mattar is Research Professor of Law and Executive Director of The Protection Project at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). The Author would like to thank Anna Koppel, Marina Elefante, and Leanne Cochrane for conducting extensive research on the topic. This Article is based upon a speech delivered by Mohamed Y. Mattar to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) at a conference in Vienna, Austria, on May 21, 2007, entitled "Alliance Against Trafficking in Persons, National Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism to Address Trafficking in Human Beings: The Role of National Rapporteurs." The Author would like to thank Mrs. Eva Biaudet, the OSCE Special Representative and Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, for organizing such an important forum. 1356 VANDERBILT JOURNAL OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW [Vol. 41:1355


At 10:25:16 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and located GRB 080721 (trigger 317508; Marshall et al. GCN Circ. 7988). Swift slewed immediately to the burst. A bright afterglow was discovered in both the X-ray and optical bands (Marshall et al. GCN Circ. 7988). Holland, Ward, and Marshall (GCN Circ. 7991) and Ward, Holland, and Marshall (GCN Circ. 7996) estimated a photometric redshift between 2.3 and 2.8 using the UVOT data. D'Avanzo et al. (GCN Circ. 7997) determined a spectroscopic redshift of 2.602, and Jakobsson et al. (GCN Circ. 7998) confirmed this value. UVOT data provide (Ward, Holland, and Marshall GCN Circ. 7996) the most accurate Swift position of RA (J2000) = 14h 57m 55.855s and Dec (J2000) = -11° 43' 24.54" with an estimated 90% confidence error of 0.5".


Aiming at the problem of the slump flow loss of cement-based patching materials,the effect of the content of admixtures,such as fly ash,mineral powder,slaked lime powder and quartz powder on the 30-minute slump flow loss was studied.The slump flow test and the scanning electron microscope(SEM) were adopted to analyze the rules and the mechanism of the 30 minute slump flow less.The results show that after the replacement of cement with in equal amount,compared with the paste,the initial slump flow of the cement-based patching material increased.The maximum growth rate can reach 25.9%,29.7% and 22.8%,respectively.Compared with the paste,the 30-minute slump flow remain level also increased.The maximum increment reach 31.5%,30.8% and 23.9%,respectively.But when the cement was replaced by the quartz powder,the initial slump flow increased in the same condition.When the ratio of quartz powder to cement is 0.2,the maximum increment can reach 28.9%,but the 30-minute slump flow remain of cement based patching materials is 0.9% less than that of the reference paste in the same conditions.As the ratioof quartz powder to cement increased further,the slum flow increase proportionally with a maximum of 24.8%.Therefore,it is practical by adopting the admixtures with appropriate dosages to improve the slump flow of the cement based patching materials for cement pavement cracks.


Best choice kitchen is made up of five (5) members as partners of the venture. Members shall combine resources effectively and also provide leadership skills and service for the restaurant
Best choice kitchen is located at Bomso traffic light opposite Kpogas furniture limited. The restaurant has a spacious compound which could contain about 45 can for our customers who would wish to enjoy our member.
Best choice kitchen decided to operate at Bomso in order to target students, lecturers at KNUST and all those working around Bomso. The place of choice would also be convenient to our customers since we have spacious compound and an executive during hall for all customers. It is easy to locate best choice kitchen.


The agency facet of extraversion has been hypothesized to be based on individual differences in dopamine activity. Recent work suggests that resting posterior minus frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) slow oscillations (delta, theta) is both consistently associated with extraversion and sensitive to dopamine D2 receptor antagonist-induced changes in dopaminergic activity. Here we examine for the first time the interrelations between polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene (rs1800497 [previously termed TAQ1A], rs1076560, rs1799732 [−141C Ins/Del]), extraversion and resting posterior minus frontal (Pz–Fz) slow oscillations. As predicted, we found an association between DRD2 and resting Pz–Fz slow oscillations in a sample of 141 individuals participating in an eyes-closed resting EEG session. Moreover, we replicated the association between extraversion and Pz–Fz slow oscillations. Our findings strongly suggest that the posterior–frontal distribution of slow oscillations constitutes a useful brain-based intermediate phenotype for investigating the dopaminergic basis of extraversion. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. Please cite this article in press as: Koehler, S., et al., Resting posterior minus frontal EEG slow oscillations is associated with extraversion and DRD2 genotype. Biol. Psychol. (2011), doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.05.006 low oscillations opamine receptor enetic polymorphism RD2 AQ1A (rs1800497) NP19 (rs1076560) 141C Ins/Del (rs1799732)


The objectives of this study are to: (1) know the percentage of students' misconception on materials and their properties in terms of the use of learning objectives at junior high school, (2) know the flaws of learning objectives that lead to students' misconception and (3) be the supportive material from learning objectives. This study was carried out using descriptive-quantitative research method. The technique of collecting data was done by interview. The conclusions of this study were: (1) percentage of student' level of understanding of classification of material and their properties was 38.43% for distinguishing elements, compounds, and mixtures indicator; 52.31% for distinguishing homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures indicator and 48.71% for distinguishing physical or chemical changes indicator, (2) the components in the book were not complete because there was no indicator of competency achievement and (3) there is a conceptual error in writing hydrogen elements as a semilogical element, some confusing sentences lead to different interpretations and less depth in material presentation of learning objectives lead to students' misconception as students' concepts different from experts from material and language content.


Kafka's literature is constructed by jumps and images that overlap and reflect antagonistic points of view, impossible to reconcile in a linear discourse. Thus, the story entitled The Judgment ( Das Urteil ) shows that every point of view claims as its own a truth that always comes into conflict with other versions of the "facts". This leads to a critique of the concept of objectivity (as it is considered from the journalistic point of view) that must take into account the eagerness of mastery that any discourse tries to take over, since this is always a particular model of the world.


While the body is affected in various ways by x rays, effects especially on the hematopoietic organs and peripheral blood are intense. These effects are the subjects of reports presented by almost countless workers. But, relatively few are the papers on the effect of x rays on alkaline phosphatase. Though basic experiments have been made with serum plasma, leukocyte and various organs, methods differ and many questions are not fully answered yet. The effects of x rays on serum alkaline phosphatase activity, leukocyte positivity rate for alkaline phosphatase, and its positive degree are described. Taken up also in the behavior of alkaline phosphatase when leukocytes have been increased by Cepharanthin. (auth)


Benzyltriphenylphosphonium chlorochromate has been found to be an efficient and novel reagent for the conversion of oximes, phenylhydrazones, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and semicarbazones to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The reaction is performed in acetonitrile under reflux conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of aluminium chloride.


Innovations in information and communication technology (ICT) aim at providing services oriented systems to improve organizations' business and end users' quality life. This paper discusses how the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology can create value in an organization and describes the RFID service defined for supporting document management. This service aims at monitoring paper documents in order to capture further information with reference to traditional document management systems. The captured information could improve the knowledge of who manages, carries out and uses the business processes of an organization and, consequently, offers an advantage to its business. This paper also briefly describes the platform hosting the designed service and facilitating the adoption of RFID within an organization


The study is about social stratification in English society in early nineteenth century reflected at Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice novel. The objectives of the study are to analyze novel based on its structural elements and to analyze the novel based on the sociological approach, by identifying the relation between the novel and the social background of the early nineteenth century in English society based on sociological approach.
This research paper belongs to qualitative research. The sources of the data are both primary data source, which is Pride and Prejudice novel. Secondary data sources, are other sources related to the analysis such as books of literary theory of sociological approach and virtual references. The method of data collection is documentation research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive analysis.
Based on the analysis, the researcher draws some conclusions. Firstly, based on the structural analysis of the novel it can be concluded that in Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen conveys a moral message that some people use marriage to lift up their social economic status. Secondly, based on the sociological analysis, it can be concluded that in Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen reflects the social realities of the English society including social, economic, political, science and technology, cultural and religious aspect at late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century.


A switched-capacitor analog correlator using balanced charge pump circuit, capable of pumping same amount of charge in positive and negative direction is proposed for code division multiple access (CDMA) bus interface. In addition, the amount of charge injection is independent of the output voltage. The proposed charge pump circuit is applied to the analog correlator in the receiver module of CDMA wired bus interface. The bus architecture features low bus power consumption, noise tolerance and dynamical programmability. The new circuit operates at 100 MHz. Simulation results of the CDMA bus interface by using 3.3 V supply voltage for the proposed analog correlator, verified that the charge pump circuit fulfils its design requirements.


Three varieties of citrus fruits, namely: 'Liucheng' orange (Citrus sinensis), 'Ponkan' mandarin (C. reticulata) and 'Tankan' tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) are grown in large quantities in Taiwan. They have the potential to be stored for several months under proper conditions. Desirable temperature for long-term storage is 15℃, but the fruits can tolerate short spans of lower non-freezing temperatures. High relative humidity (85 – 95%) is desirable if the fruits are not kept in plastic bags. Many pre-harvest factors and pre-storage treatments can affect the storability and post-storage quality of the fruits. Although refrigerated storage is most reliable for quality preservation and storage loss control for the fruits, it may only be needed for long terms of storage. Common storage and cave storage, which are less costly and less energy consuming, are adequate alternatives for shorter periods of storage. Selecting cooler locations to store fruits may also have a merit. Major Citrus Varieties Grown in Taiwan Citrus production is widespread in sub-tropical and tropical zones of the world. Being a sub-tropical island, Taiwan is abundant in citrus fruits. Major citrus varieties commercially grown in Taiwan include 'Liucheng' orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), 'Ponkan' mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), 'Tankan' tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis), 'Wentan' pummelo (C. grandis (L.) Osbeck) and 'Eureka' lemon (C. limon (L.) Burm., f.). These five varieties count for much (86 %) of the total citrus production (473,068 M.T. in 2007) of the island. Many other varieties are produced only in small quantities each. Lemon is an acid-type citrus fruit and 'Wentan' pummelo is an early season variety which is consumed shortly after harvest. Therefore, only three varieties of citrus, namely: 'Liucheng' orange, 'Ponkan' mandarin, and 'Tankan' tangor will be targeted in the following discussion.


Blind source separation extracts independent component signals from their mixtures without knowing the mixing coecients nor the probability distributions of source signals. It is known that some algorithms work surprisingly well. The present paper elucidates the supereciency of algorithms based on the statistical analysis. It is in general known from the asymptotic theory of statistical analysis that the covariance of any two extracted independent signals converges to 0 in the order of 1=t in the case of statistical estimation by using t examples. In the case of on-line learning, the theory of on-line dynamics shows that the covariances converge to 0 in the order of when the learning rate is xed to be a small constant. In contrast with the above general properties, the surprising supereciency holds in blind source separation under a certain conditions. The supereciency implies that the covariance decreases in the order of 1=t 2 or of 2. The present paper uses the natural gradient learning algorithm and the method of estimating functions to obtain the superecient procedures for both estimation and on-line learning. The supereciency does not imply that the error variances of the extracted signals decrease in the order of 1=t 2 or 2 , but implies that their covariances do.


A tunable InGaAsP/InP multiple /spl lambda//4-shifted DFB laser is demonstrated. Continuous wavelength tuning was obtained with a range of 1.7nm. Low spectral linewidth and flat FM response with 0.65GHz/mA efficiency is also presented.