BACKGROUND
Cadmium is a non-biodegradable heavy metal with a long biological half-life. Although its negative impact on human health has been previously reported, the association of the over-dose cadmium consumption with the changes in the gut microbiota and its corresponding metabolites has not been fully elucidated so far.

RESULTS
Over-dose consumption of the cadmium led to a reduced body weight gain, accompanied by an enhanced level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and histamine in the serum of the rats in comparison with the normal rats. Furthermore, hepatotoxicity was also observed induced by cadmium, which was consistent with abnormal hepatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and oxidative stress. In contrast, Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented Ganoderma lucidum slice (referred as FGL) supplementation improved above physiological properties. More importantly, microbiome and metabolites analysis indicated cadmium exposure significantly reduced the generation of the short-chain fatty acids in gut, particularly butyrate. However, the rats in the FGL group had the highest level of butyrate in the feces, characterized with significantly enriched probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) and butyrate-producing bacteria (Roseburia).

CONCLUSION
The targeted regulation of the gut microbial community and its metabolites might be the essential association for attenuating the body dysfunction induced by cadmium. The supplementation of FGL as evidenced in this study might highlight a novel approach to this field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The LCso values for 4, 5 and 7 day old larvae of Spodoptera litura were respectively, 4.677, 13.740 and 37.240 × 10 n polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/ml. The adjusted relative susceptibility on the basis of relative amounts of food consumed by the various age group of larvae was found to be l, 10.8 and 88.5 for 7, 5 and 4 day old larvae. The LTso values ranged from 5.32 to 9.50 days for the various concentrations of polyhedra/ml. Activated charcoal and camel special water proof black drawing ink protected the virus to a certain extent against ultraviolet light.


This paper presents a hybrid control via fuzzy control and local PD control according to the electrohydraulic servosystems nonlinear characteristic in simulator. When the deviation between input and output is larger, the fuzzy controller is used to speed up response process. The PD controller is then added in order to achieve high accuracy when the deviation is smaller than a given value. In order to improve the performance of the fuzzy controller, a rule self-regulation method is employed and a simplified fuzzy control algorithm is used. The experiment results show that the proposed approach can achieve a high accurate and an improved robust performance. It is fully suitable for the control of the electrohydraulic servosystems in simulator.


[Objective]To study the karyotype analysis on chromosome of Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang.[Method]Conventional pressing plate method combining with micrograph was used to analyze the karyotype of chromosome.[Result]The chromosome number of Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang.was 2n=84,and karyotype formula was K(2n) = 84= 70m + 6M+4sm+4T,belonging to Stebbins's 1B type.[Conclusion]The karyotype of Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang belonged to original type.


Nowadays, most wireless communication standards utilize Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as their modulation technique. For coherent detection, the performance of such systems depends strongly on the accuracy of the channel estimation. One possible estimation technique is Pilotsymbol-Aided Channel Estimation (PACE), which allows the reconstruction of the channel by means of interpolation. In this master thesis, I derive a closed-form expression for the Bit Error Probability (BEP) of an OFDM system that utilizes two-dimensional PACE. I assume Rayleigh fading, Gaussian noise and a linear, but other otherwise completely arbitrary, interpolation. For a Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) larger than the signal-to-noise ratio, simulations confirm the analytical results. However, for a lower SIR they exhibit small differences because the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) is not Gaussian distributed, violating my assumption. Indeed, analytical calculation of the ICI probability density function (pdf) verifies that even for infinite many subcarriers, the pdf does not approach a Gaussian distribution. It is further shown that the well-known Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimation also minimizes the BEP and that, for certain assumptions, the optimal 2D interpolation can be performed in an equivalent way by successively 1D-1D interpolations of the MMSE pilot-symbol estimates. A numerical example then compares different interpolation methods (optimum, linear, spline, and natural neighbor) in terms of BEP. Finally, the analytical BEP is validated by real world measurements, utilizing the Vienna Wireless Testbed in combination with a Rotation Unit, allowing repeatable and controllable measurements at high velocities. 1 in the sense of a straight line


In modern geopolitical conditions, the political struggle for democratic values against the dictatorship acquires a new meaning because it is conducted by non-violent methods in the information space of the state with the involvement of new subjects of modern international relations. An analysis of the reasons that consolidate target audiences and direct their political energy to opposition actions against the government shows that they are based on historical, cultural and mental contradictions used by other forces to achieve their geopolitical interests in the region. The traditional class contradictions that were the basis of the revolutions of the past have already receded into the background and lost their political relevance. Instead, in modern discourse, more and more revolutions are associated with " coups d'etat " , which are caused by the political technologies of color revolutions. A necessary condition and component of modern political struggle is the information space in the state where such a revolution is taking place. The main form of political struggle is nonviolent methods. Thus, the relevance of the article is due to the need to study the phenomenon of nonviolent struggle against the state in the context of globalization of modern international relations.


Even though artificial neural networks are capable of performing a wide variety of tasks, yet in practice sometimes they deliver only marginal performance. Inappropriate topology selection and learning algorithm are frequently blamed. There is little reason to expect that one can find a uniformly best algorithm for selecting the weights in a feedforward artificial neural network. This is in accordance with the no free lunch theorem, which explains that for any algorithm, any elevated performance over one class of problems is exactly paid for in performance over another class. As the complexity of the problem domain increases, manual design becomes more difficult and unmanageable. Evolutionary design of artificial neural networks has been widely explored. Evolutionary algorithms are used to adapt the connection weights, network architecture and learning rules according to the problem environment. A distinct feature of evolutionary neural networks is their adaptability to a dynamic environment. In other words, such neural networks can adapt to an environment as well as changes in the environment. The two forms of adaptation: evolution and learning in evolutionary artificial neural networks make their adaptation to a dynamic environment much more effective and efficient than the conventional learning approach. Even though evolutionary algorithms are well known as efficient global search algorithms, very often they miss the best local solutions in the complex solution space. Hybrid metalearning approach combines evolutionary learning and local search methods (using 1 st and 2 nd order error information) to improve the learning and faster convergence obtained using a direct evolutionary approach. In this tutorial, we will review the different neural network learning paradigms followed by some experimentation results to demonstrate the difficulties to design neural networks, which are smaller, faster and with a better generalization performance. Further, we introduce evolutionary algorithms and state of the art design of evolutionary artificial neural networks followed by the proposed meta-learning framework. In the meta-learning framework, in addition to the evolutionary search of connection weights and architectures (connectivity and activation functions), local search techniques are used to fine-tune the weights (meta-learning). We will discuss some experimentation results followed by discussions and conclusions.


Carica papaya is one of the most valuable plants used for various purposes in medicinal field and ethnomedicine. The aim this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of C. papaya leaf extract using cold maceration method with distilled water, methanol and petroleum-ether. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of the following: alkaloids, saponins flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides and tannins. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by agar well diffusion method by measuring the diameters of zones of inhibition. In aqueous extract, Klebsiella pneumonia had the highest zone of inhibition (16±0.00 mm) followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at 14±0.00 mm and 12±0.5 mm respectively. In methanol extracts, E. coli. had the highest zone of inhibition (15±00 mm) followed by Staphylococcusaureus (12±0.00 mm) while K. pneumonia had no inhibition. With Petroleumether, Staphylococcusaureus had the highest zone of inhibition (22±0.00 mm) followed by E. coli (0.13±0.00 mm) while K. pneumonia had no inhibition. It was clear that C. papaya had Original Research Article Friday et al.; SARJNP, 4(1): 9-15, 2021; Article no.SARJNP.64240 10 antimicrobial activity but varied with organism and extraction solvent. Therefore, for development of drugs, different extraction solvent and bacteria must be used in order to develop effective and tailored made antimicrobials to curb the menace of antibiotics resistance.


Abstract Persistent fifth – double-lumen – aortic arch is a rarely seen entity, which is usually associated with other cardiac anomalies; it has been previously reported only in children. We report a new case of double-lumen aortic arch with a systemic-to-systemic connection diagnosed incidentally during cardiac multi-detector computer tomography evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts in an adult.


The important role of the high latitudes in the hnctioning of global processes is becoming well established. The size and remoteness of arctic and boreal ecosystems, however, pose a challenge to quantification of both terrestrial ecosystem processes and their feedbacks to regional and global climate conditions. Boreal and arctic regions form a complex land cover mosaic where vegetation structure, condition and distribution are strongly regulated by environmental factors such as moisture availability, permafrost, growing season length, disturbance and soil nutrients. The timing of spring thaw in particular, can influence boreal carbon uptake dramatically. With boreal forests accumulating 1% of their annual total accumulated carbon each day of the growing season, variability in timing of spring thaw can trigger total interannual variability in carbon uptake on the order of 30%.


This work evaluates technical and economical a miniETE (ministation of sewage treatment) by anaerobic-aerobic-anoxious process, associated to the utilization of biogas produced and utilization of treated effluent for fertilization and irrigation of green areas. The miniETE is modular, energy self-sufficient and constituted by the following systems: a) anaerobic, constituted by three sequential cascade anaerobic UASB digesters, with a helix shape phase separator system; b) aerobic-anoxious, constituted by a vertical cylindrical aerobic-anoxious biodigester operating with aeration of the fine bubble type; c) compact cogenerator, powered by biogas, capable of simultaneous production of electrical energy and hot water; d) effluent utilization for fertilization and irrigation, constituted by a distribution network The process aims the sanitation of sewage, utilization of produced biogas and of treated effluent, decreasing this way the environmental impact caused by the discharge without treatment of sewage in natural water courses and biogas into the atmosphere.


Progress on the hohlraum point design for the LIFE engine is described. New features in the original design [Amendt et al., Fus. Sci. Technol. 60, 49 (2011)] are incorporated that address the imperatives of low target cost, high manufacturing throughput, efficient and prompt material recycling, an ability for near-term testing of key target design uncertainties on the National Ignition Facility, and robustness to target chamber environment and injection insults. To this end, the novel use of Pb hohlraums and aerogel-supported liquid DT fuel loading within a high-density-carbon (HDC) ablator is implemented in the hohlraum point design.


This Paper compares the switching characteristics of silicon, silicon carbide and gallium nitride based semiconductor power devices over a wide operating range. Several 600V SMD packaged devices are measured in a similar test setup. To consider different $\mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{DSon}}$ values a switching figure of merit (FOM) is used. The investigations focus on the switching losses, the presented FOM and the dv/dt during the switching process.


While reconstruction and renovation of historic buildings and areas are gradually attracting more attention,massive homogenized creative industry park and areas emerge constantly.This article emphasizes specifically on the discussing of the methodology and theory for ordinary old buildings in cities,reflecting the impact on continuing the city context and gradually updating the city texture.


Objective To investigate the characteristics of event related potential(ERP) P 300 in patients with anxiety disorder. Methods Thirty patients with anxiety disorder (AD group), diagnosed with CCMD 2R, and 30 normal people (NC group) were recruited. The odd ball auditory evoked model was used to test ERP P 300. Results All waveforms of P 300 were clear. (1)Target stimuli: At Fz、Cz electrodes position, compared with those in NC group[respectively (263.3±18.9)ms and(259.5±13.8)ms], latencies of target N2 in AD group were significantly longer [respectively (282.7±34.6)ms and(277.9±22.6)ms](P0.01),while the amplitudes of target P3 in AD group were decreased significantly[respectively (3.1±1.2)μV and (3.1±1.4)μV]in comparison with those in NC group[respectively (6.4±2.4)μV and(6.2±2.0)μV](P0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the latencies of target P3 in AD group (P0.05). (2)Non-target stimuli: At Fz electrodes position, the amplitudes of non-target P2 in AD group[(2.3±1.3)μV] were lower than that in NC group[(3.4±1.0)μV] (P0.01). Conclusion P 300 might be an objective physiological index reflecting the cognitive disorder in anxiety disorder. The latency of target N2 and amplitude of target P3 might be useful adjunct diagnostic indexes and deserve further studies.


It is an important aspect in the course of linking Marxism with Chinese practice that the traditional culture of China combines with Marxism.The two-way needs supplies the necessary conditions for the combination which must save the national crisis,realize the transformation of the traditional culture of China,and propagate Marxism in China;but also the similar parts give the theoretical possibility which they can combine.Through the efforts of CCP which is the combined main body,the great successes are scored in the course of the localization of Marxism.The accurate ways of their combination is which must scientifically understand and sublate the traditional culture of China.


SummaryThe influence of different explant sizes on in vitro shoot growth and development were studied in the three miniature rose cultivars Little Buckaroo, Baby Masquerade and Sourati. Single-node explants with combinations of 4.0–5.0 or 9.0–10.0 mm lengths and 2.0–2.5 or 3.0–3.5 mm diameters were cultured on establishment media. Shoot length and proliferation rate were measured one and four weeks after culture, respectively. In general, the best shoot development and proliferation obtained by explants with the greatest length and diameter. In 'Little Buckaroo', a positive correlation was observed between shoot length after one week and proliferation after four weeks.


The copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a highly efficient reaction and is the cornerstone of "click" chemistry. However, unlike many common metal-mediated transformations asymmetric CuAAC variants are relatively sparse. This thesis details asymmetric "click" reactions with Chapter 1 introducing the CuAAC and the asymmetric variants already present in the literature. Chapter 2 outlines research demonstrating the first example of kinetic resolution of an alkyne via a CuAAC reaction. Selectivity factors of up to 22.1 ± 0.5 were obtained and triazoles and alkynes were obtained in ≤ 80% enantiomeric excess (ee). This chapter also contains a study on the simultaneous kinetic resolution of azides and alkynes; azides were obtained in >30% \(e\)\(e\), alkynes in >40% \(e\)\(e\) and a triazolic diastereomeric product was obtained in up to 90% \(e\)\(e\). In Chapter 3 the Bull-James three-component boronic acid assembly is successfully employed for the kinetic resolution of primary amine alkynes with selectivity factors of up to 4.1 obtained. The principle behind the assembly is also elaborated upon in this chapter leading to its use in both dynamic combinatorial chemistry and as a pedagogical tool. Chapter 4 details work on atropisomerism in triazolic systems. A series of novel triazoles, iodotriazoles and triazolium salts were successfully synthesised and their atropisomeric stability probed. Chapter 5 presents feasibility studies towards the asymmetric synthesis of 5,5'-bis(triazoles) and ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts in the formation of 1,5-triazoles.


In his July 30, 2015 interview with Michelle Dubert-Bellrichard, Jason Silverman details his career at Winthrop since 1984. Silverman recalls the administrations of President Lader, Piper, DiGiorgio, and Comstock. In particular, Silverman recounts the events leading up to the vote of no confidence in 1995, his involvement as chair of faculty conference, and what happened on campus after the motion failed to pass. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections Oral History Program.


The invention discloses a self-fusion anti-corrosion adhesive tape and a preparation method of self-fusion adhesive thereof. The adhesive tape comprises a self-fusion adhesive layer and a back material layer overlapped, wherein the back material layer is in a dual-layer structure formed by co-extruding an elastomer and polyethylene; one surface of the self-fusion adhesive layer is bonded with the polyethylene of the back material layer; and the self-fusion adhesive layer is mixed colloid consisting of butyl rubber, polyethylene, inorganic reinforcing powder, tackifying resin, plasticizer and antioxidant according to a proportion. In the application of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the adhesive bonding of an adherend can be finished under the contact pressure based on the pressure-sensitive feature of the self-fusion adhesive; the construction is convenient, the requirement on the surface treatment of a pipe body is low, and the operation is safe and environmentally-friendly; and moreover, the self-fusion anti-corrosion adhesive tape also has the characteristics of good anti-corrosion effect, puncture fusion, good chemical resistance, wide application range and the like, and is not restricted by the pipe diameter and pipe shape.


This study presents a methodology for estimating indicated torque and load torque. The proposed method which uses a cylinder pressure sensor has the advantage of simplicity, because it can eliminate the requirement of a complex indicated torque model and estimation algorithm for engine torque estimation. Futhermore, it is accurate and robust against the variations that affects the torque production such as spark timing, mass air flow and others. The indicated torque is estimated from the peak pressure and its location, and the load torque is observed by the state observer based on the estimated indicated torque. The proposed torque estimation method may be a feasible alternative to the use of engine torque maps in a modem torque-based engine management system and provide some ideas for many application areas such as engine diagnostics and traction control via engine torque control.


Being navigable waters and anchorage basin as well, Shenzhen Bay west sea area is limited in deep water area. In order to utilize rationally the water area of anchorage basin and play full use of deepwater resource, three mooring buoys were installed to form two 125,000 dwt double points mooring berths or three single point mooring anchorages for ship mooring or lighterage operation under favorable sea conditions.


NEW ORLEANS—Are sunscreens being oversold? Is it ethical to market nonprescription products in the dermatologist's office? How much emphasis should be placed on medicine vs surgery in the dermatology residency? By conferring a false sense of security, sunscreen use may encourage longer stays in the sun, said Mark Pittelkow, MD, of the Mayo Clinic, speaking in a session on current controversies in dermatology at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) here in March. That ultraviolet radiation from the sun promotes skin cancer, he said, is indisputable. Chronic exposure triggers basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, while intermittent intense exposure is thought to induce most types of melanoma. There is no direct evidence that sunscreens increase or decrease skin cancers, he said, although some recent studies link the use of sunscreens to precursors of melanoma. The Melanoma Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, for example, reported finding in a retrospective study that sunscreen-using white European children developed twice as many nevi on their exposed trunks as peers who wore protective clothing when outdoors. In adults, a high nevi count is a strong predictor of melanoma (J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90:1873-1880). JAMA's own Patient Page on skin cancer, Pittelkow noted, put "apply sunscreen" at the top of its list of prevention strategies. Physicians should tell patients, he asserted, that the first line of defense is to avoid midday sun exposure and wear protective clothing when outdoors. These recommendations are also included on the patient page (JAMA. 1999:281:676). Althoughheechoedthisadvice,Mark Naylor, MD, of the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, still advocated maximum use of sunscreens. "The harmful effects attributed to sunscreens," he said, "are due to sunlight itself." Direct animal and human evidence, he said, shows that sunscreens prevent or reduce all of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Many confounding variables, he noted, complicate the assessment of sunscreens' efficacy and safety: fair-skinned redheads, who are at highest risk of skin cancers, dominate the user group. People apply sunscreens unevenly and give unreliable sun-exposure histories. Prospective trials haven't gone on long enough.


The dedusting mechanics with high-pressure atomizing and vibration fiber grid is analyzed in this paper.Through comparing the factors,including the water consumption of high-pressure atomizing,atomizing pressure,fiber diameter,fiber cross direction spacing,atomizing direction,fiber level number and interlayer spacing etc.,the best parameter for the high-pressure atomizing and fiber grid used in the return airway of comprehensive mechanized working face is confirmed.And the high-pressure atomizing wet vibration fiber grid of full face dedusting technology is developed.From the field experiment research of 2219 comprehensive mechanized working face of Dongpang Coal Mine,the dedusting efficiency of the total dust and respirable dust have reached to more than 95%,so the good effect is obvious.


3-Ethyl-4-ethylsydnone was newly synthesized, and the physical properties of 3-ethylsydnone, 3-ethyl-4-methylsydnone and 3-ethyl-4-ethylsydnone at various temperatures were investigated. The highest dielectric constant was for 3-ethylsydnone. The alkyl substituent effect at the 4-position of the sydnone ring on the dielectric constant can be explained by the 13C NMR spectra.


This story by the nineteenth-century Spanish novelist and folklorist Cecilia Böhl de Faber appears in her Cuentos andaluces (Andalusian Tales, 1859). In the prologue she tells us that these tales come from the oral tradition of southern Spain (Andalusia), and as Christianity is rooted in that tradition, "Juan Soldado" exemplifies it through his encounters with Christ and Saint Peter on the one hand and a young Satan and Lucifer on the other.


OBJECTIVE:To construct management and operation mode for monitoring points of national essential medicine which are suitable for western area of China. METHODS:By literature review,questionnaire survey and field investigation,monitoring points of national essential medicine were studied in terms of management and operation mode. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:There are 3 kinds of management and operation patterns,such as supervision and examination by government departments,the combination of government departments with industry professional bodies,third-party monitoring and evaluation."2+1+1"mode,which is suitable for the western region,has been put forward to solve the problem about vast and sparsely populated area,hard for service,absence of staffs and heavy workload,etc. It provides theoretical basis for the implementation and exploration of management and operation mode for monitoring points of national essential medicine in western area of China.


We consider a class of two-commodity network flow problems with additional, highly structured linear constraints in place of the usual capacity constraints. This class of linear programs arose as subproblems in a mixed integer programming formulation of a location model, and was solved by Ramakrishnan using a special purpose primal simplex algorithm. We show that, even though the constraint matrices of these problems are not transformable to constraint matrices of pure network problems, the problems themselves can be converted to pure network problems. The transformation depends on the existence of a set of variables whose non-negativity restrictions are redundant to the definition of the feasible region. We point out other situations in which such structure occurs.


A system and method for drying cavities loaded with high level waste ('HLW') is provided. The invention utilizes a non-intrusive procedure that is based on monitoring the dew point temperature of a non-reactive gas that is circulated through the cavity. In one aspect, the invention is a method comprising: a) flowing a non-reactive gas through the cavity; b) repetitively measuring the dew point temperature of the non-reactive gas exiting the cavity; and c) upon the dew point temperature of the non-reactive gas exiting the cavity reaching and remaining below a predetermined dew point temperature for a predetermined time, discontinuing the flow of the non-reactive gas and sealing the cavity. In another aspect, the invention is a system designed to carry out the method.


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As a new electrochemical method of wastewater treatment,pulse-electrocoagulation not only had the superiority of electrocoagulation,but also overcome the limitation of traditional electrochemistry.It could reduce energy consumption and treatment cost.The principle of pulse-electrolysis and electrocoagulation,and the development direction of pulse-electrolysis were reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of pulse-electrocoagulation,and the application of pulse-electrocoagulation in waste water treatment were introduced.


This report proposes an approach to automatically detect static vehicles in an outdoor parking space using depth. The relevant 3D information is generated from a Digital Surface Model (DSM), which is a result of a novel and existing technique to solve camera pose estimation and dense reconstruction simultaneously. Validation using local 2D features, based on existing methods, is then done to ensure better detection rates. Further, performance of the detection system is evaluated by changing the internal parameterization of 3D model generation and the dependence is analyzed.


We present a deterministic scheduling approach for robotic cycle shops based on a n-dimensional collision map. The map facilitates the optimization of periodic and non periodic robot schedules. The method rests upon the finding that the release intervals of processes sent to the shop and the auto correlation lengths of robot and machine operations inside the shop are identical. For zero correlation, collisions of robot operations are avoided as well as collisions on any multipurpose or loop machine.


Based on the lightning flash data in 1997 and 1998 in Guangdong area, the climatological probabilities of the strength and stroke number, the diurnal and the spatial distribution are studied respectively for negative and positive cloud-to-ground lightning in this paper. The ratio of positive to total lightning is 5.03 %, which is far lower than in the northern China. The results show that the climatological characteristics of lightning could exhibit the of climatological regularity of the convective activity.


Similarity solutions are obtained for one-dimensional unsteady adiabatic flow of a dusty gas behind a spherical shock wave with time dependent energy input. The dusty gas is assumed to be a mixture of small solid particles and a non-ideal gas. It is assumed that the equilibrium flow condition is maintained in the flow-field, and that the viscous stress and heat conduction of the mixture are negligible. The medium is assumed to be under the gravitational field due to heavy nucleus at the origin (Roche Model). The total energy of the flow-field behind the shock is increasing. In order to obtain similarity solutions the density of the undisturbed medium is assumed to be constant. The effects of an increase in the mass concentration of solid particles p k , the ratio of the density of the solid particles to the initial density of the gas 1 G , the gravitational parameter 0 G and the parameter of non-idealness of the gas b on the flow-field and on the shock-strength are investigated.


Based on a modified secant equation proposed by Li and Fukushima, we derive a stepsize for the Barzilai–Borwein gradient method. Then, using the newly proposed stepsize and another effective stepsize proposed by Dai et al. in an adaptive scheme that is based on the objective function convexity, we suggest a modified two-point stepsize gradient algorithm. We also show that the limit point of the sequence generated by our algorithm is first-order critical. Finally, our numerical comparisons done on a set of unconstrained optimization test problems from the CUTEr collection are presented. At first, we compare the performance of our algorithm with two other two-point stepsize gradient algorithms proposed by Dai et al. and Raydan. Then, numerical comparisons between the implementations of our algorithm and two conjugate gradient methods proposed by Gilbert and Nocedal, and Hestenes and Stiefel, and also, with the memoryless BFGS algorithm proposed by Liu and Nocedal, are made. Furthermore, to provide a numerical support for our adaptive approach, we compare two other two-point stepsize gradient algorithms, one of which applies the stepsize proposed by Dai et al. and the other applies our newly proposed stepsize, with our algorithm which applies both of these stepsizes together. Numerical results demonstrating the efficiency of our algorithm, in the sense of the performance profile introduced by Dolan and Moré, are reported.


GABA, a prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter, is best known to regulate neuronal functions in the nervous system. However, much less is known about the role of GABA signaling in other physiological processes. Interestingly, recent work showed that GABA signaling can regulate lifespan via a metabotropic GABAB receptor in C. elegans. However, the role of other types of GABA receptors in lifespan has not been clearly defined. It is also unclear whether GABA signaling regulates healthspan. Here, using C. elegans as a model, we systematically interrogated the role of various GABA receptors in both lifespan and healthspan. We find that mutations in four different GABA receptors extend healthspan by promoting resistance to stress and pathogen infection, and that two such receptor mutants also show extended lifespan. Different GABA receptors engage distinct transcriptional factors to regulate lifespan and healthspan, and even the same receptor regulates lifespan and healthspan via different transcription factors. Our results uncover a novel, profound role of GABA signaling in aging in C. elegans, which is mediated by different GABA receptors coupled to distinct downstream effectors.


The two subsystems in the state defense system that make up the civil defense system and the crisis management system have specific tasks to fulfill. The two organizational structures, guided by their systemic approach, remain independent of each other, even though they share the same decision-making bodies, executive or executive bodies, subsidiary bodies, and executive entities. Inappropriate perception of them – even by decision-makers – leads to organizational irregularities, a lack of understanding of the responsibilities of the bodies and actors of these systems. It is also a source of misregulation in this area. A systemic perspective may require an appropriate approach and the development of new solutions to improve the process of activity in this area.


Study objective: To study the relationship of ultrasonographic changes in the walls of the dominant follicle with the outcomes of its growth – ovulation or persistence. Study design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Patients, Methods, Settings: Upon results of sonographic one cycle pre-assessment, 96 women from subfertile couples were distributed into two groups. Main group – 78 women with documented ovulation. Comparison group consisted of eighteen women with various clinical forms of follicle persistence. Ovulation stigma identification was performed by transvaginal ultrasonography using the technique of Mobile Hydroacoustic Window (TVS+MHAW) with standard 6–10 MHz probes. Three sources of fluid were used for the building of mobile hydroacoustic window: antral fluid, contents of ovulation stigma and the fluid located close to ovary apex. Subtle structures of follicle walls were assessed at the interface of liquid and dense medium in the area of ovary apex. Results, Discussion: In 52 cases (66.6%) two main types of ovulation stigma – Bleb-type and Flat-type were identified, in 48 (61.5%) and 4 (5.1%) cases, accordingly. In the rest of 26 (33.3%) ovulating women it was not possible to identify the stigma sonographically. In 18 (18.8%) cases anovulatory cycles were presented: LUF in 10 (10.4%) cases, follicular regression in 6 (6.3%) and haemorrhagic cysts developed in two cases (2.1%). Local thinning of follicular walls in the area of stigma (91%), appearance of small amount of fluid near the ovary apex (93.6%) and elongated or cone-like shape of the pre-ovulatory follicle (59%) were the most prevalent sonographic signs of stigma formation. Stages of sonographic changes of the structure of forming ovulation stigma were detected and described. New sonographic sign of ovulation stigma, – the phenomenon of Constriction Ring (30.8%), characterizing the closing stage of stigma formation was described. Mean growth and regression rates were calculated for dominant follicles. The increase of dominant follicle size beyond 28.5 mm is connected to high risk of its anovulation or persistence. It should also be taken into account that ovulation can occur at any stage of stigma formation, also without its sonographic appearance. Conclusion: The study of phenotypic features of stigma formation by means of TVS + MHAW can be useful for timing of OPU in IVF natural cycles and prediction of high risk of follicle persistence/regression at intrauterine insemination.


Abstract Feeding cull cows an energy-dense diet can increase amount and quality of marketable product. Furthermore, implanting cull cows with steroid implants may improve BW gain, feed efficiency, carcass traits, and overall eating quality. Therefore, objectives of this study were to determine effects of implant, initial BW, and body condition score (BCS) at the beginning of the study, on feedlot performance and final live animal and carcass weights, and carcass characteristics of cull cows fed a high-concentrate diet for approximately 90 d. One-half (68) of the cows were allotted to implant treatment (Synovex-Plus®) by initial BW and BCS. Cows were fed a warm-up diet (50 to 60% concentrate, DM basis) for 14 d and then fed a finishing (80 to 85% concentrate, DM basis) diet for the remainder of the study. Variations in initial BW of cows were associated positively (P 0.10) ADG, final BW, or other carcass traits. Implant influenced (P 2 larger longissimus area, 27 units (100 units per marbling score) less marbling and 0.24 units less yield grade. Initial BW, BCS, and implanting influence feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of cull cows.


Abstract The solar wind (SW) is a suitable natural scenario to study the intermittent nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence for systems with low dissipation rate. In particular, nonlinear wave-wave interactions can be characterized by the degree of phase correlation and by departures from Gaussianity of the magnetic field. In this work, we study in situ observations of magnetic field intensity from the spacecraft ACE, which is located near one astronomical unit from the Sun, in the SW near Earth. We compute the phase coherence index analyzing two sets of observations, each one consisting of approximately three months during 2008 and 2012, respectively. From these sets of data we characterize intermittent features of the magnetic field intensity corresponding to a solar maximum and a solar minimum.


Nanotechnology creates possibilities to produce new products with novel functionalities and improved characteristics. Therefore the incorporation of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) in commercial products is progressively increasing and so is the potential for release of these novel materials into the environment. In fact, the occurrence and release of titanium nanomaterials in a wastewater treatment plant has already been proven. This implies that nanomaterials will reach the aquatic environment and that they could represent a risk to aquatic organisms and humans. We have studied the discharge of nano-TiO2 (nTiO2) to water for two case studies related to photocatalytic nanomaterials: AThe release of nTiO2 from two photocatalytic coatings under accelerated aging under a water flow and BThe release of nTiO2 though a filtration pilot plant from tap water containing 2 mg/L nanoparticles. Case A. The influence of environmental parameters (water matrix, UV-light) was investigated while the consequences of aging were evaluated under different endpoints, among them, the release of TiO2 nanoparticles. Despite that TiO2 emissions were observed for both coatings, only one of them presented mechanical damages. TiO2 concentrations up to 150.5 μg/L were detected in the aging water. Case B. Preliminary experiments were conducted at laboratory scale to determine optimum polymeric material as well as pore size. Among the common commercial materials PVDF showed the best performance. Two different industrial hollow fiber cartridges were tested with a pore size of 0.45 μm (microfiltration) and 0.03 μm (ultrafiltration). TiO2 was detected at an average concentration of 51 μg/L in the filtered water.


In 4 dogs with pancreatic and gastric fistulae the effect of somatostatin (SST) on the pancreas was investigated during stimulation by pancreozymin-secretin or by a test meal. The pancreozymin-secretin-induced enzyme output and bile flow, as well as the enzyme concentration and duodenal volume during test meal stimulation were significantly reduced by SST. SST caused a less marked decrease in bicarbonate concentration, while volume and bicarbonate output did not change.


Early recognition and correction of unilateral coronal suture stenosis is important for the prevention of exopathalmus, visual loss, cosmetic deformities and perhaps brain damage (McLaurin and Matsen, 1952). Although the diagnosis may be suspected clinically, the abnormality is usually not established without X-ray examination of the skull.


Thromboelastography device (TEG) is an instrument which measures the dynamic changes of whole blood from the process of clotting to fibrinolysis. This measurement can be achieved by measuring the small rotary angle, which is one of the key techniques used in TEG. On the principle of optical lever, a photoelectronic device for measuring small rotary angles was developed in this article by using position sensitive device (PSD) as its primary element. The weak photoelectronic signals produced by the PSD are magnified using an I/V converter and differential amplifier unit before being filtered and denoised by wavelet sym3. Liquids of varying viscosity were later experimented on the device and have, on a preliminary basis, validated the feasibility of the device.


The present investigation focuses on the analysis of competition between US laws, where the competitive system among the 50 States has been in force for more than a century, and aims to highlight areas of uniformity and differences with respect to the European model. Among the latter, particular weight is given to the absence of US federal corporate models, which goes hand in hand with the constant choice of specific states historically "favorable" to the establishment of corporate entities, such as Delaware, which are particularly appealing to individuals, also thanks to the establishment of sophisticated judicial infrastructures that see the presence of highly specialized courts, competent to settle disputes only in corporate matters.


The intense growth of the Brazilian participation in the international division of labor implies the increasing presence of actors of the globalized economy and its modern activities in the large metropolis of the country, mainly in Sao Paulo, which stands out in the international scene as one of the so called "global" cities. However, these metropolises also welcome an enormous range of activities performed by the poor population. Hence, these metropolises contain different divisions of labor that coexist and that can be analyzed as circuits of the urban economy (Santos, 1978).


Military diplomata silver ingots copper ingots lead pigs tin ingots pewter ingots brass ingots tesserae dies labels lead sealings - imperial, provincial, taxation office, civic, legions, alae, equites and pedites singulares, auxiliary cohorts, miscellaneous, alienum.


In this paper, we describe concepts for a middleware that enables communication between smart items networks and business applications. Sma rt items networks consist of RFID systems, wireless sensor networks, and embedded systems. The integration of such devices into business applicati ons is challenging, since each device type has its own protocols and programming interfaces. Existing middleware simplifies development of software which runs on smart items but not integration with back-e nd systems. We propose middleware concepts that abstract from the smart items network on a serviceoriented level to ease integration into business applications. Our middleware allows the development of business applications which are able to deploy, run and query services from the network without any knowledge of the underlying smart items network.


This study aimed to determine the relationship between recurrent abdominal pain and Helicobacter pylori infection in children. The cross sectional study was conducted 56 children. Subjects were children between aged 2-18 years with complaints of abdominal pain based on the Rome IV criteria according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Interview was carried out to establish the diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain. Helicobacter pylori infection was determined based on Helicobacter Pylori Stool Antigen (HPSA) test measurements.From 56 samples, there were 36 children with positive HPSA and 20 children with negative HPSA. Symptoms of abdominal pain occurred in 16 children (44.4%) in the HPSA positive group, while in the HPSA negative group all had abdominal pain. There was a significant association between abdominal pain symptoms and H. pylori infection (p <0.001).


nered national media attention. Waters also articulated a desire to integrate all the schools in the diocese, but it took several more years to realize that dream. A couple of weaknesses tarnish Tar Heel Catholics. The comprehensiveness of Powers's narrative means that no topic, except Bishop Waters's decision to integrate Newton Grove, is treated in any depth. Some chapters simply read like a series of vignettes loosely organized around a theme. In addition, Powers's personal opinions of the Second Vatican Council clearly influence the book. Bishop Waters, for instance, is portrayed in almost tragic terms as a good man compromised by his inability to adapt to a new church. Yet it was Waters's strong grounding in the older ways that allowed him to take controversial steps like integrating Newton Grove. This relationship between the preand post-Vatican II worldviews is not adequately explored. Overall, Powers's book is important because it is the first comprehensive overview of the Catholic Church in North Carolina. Tar Heel Catholics should serve as a springboard for all future scholarship on Catholicism in a state that has evolved from a backwater of Catholicism into one of the nation's most dynamic Catholic communities. ........................................................................................................................


The main focus of video encoding in the past twenty years has been on video broadcasting. A video is captured and encoded by professional equipment and then watched on varying consumer devices. Consequently, the focus was to increase the quality and to keep down the decoder complexity. In more recent years we observe a shift in user behavior, from solely consuming video to also producing and sharing video. As opposed to professional cameras such constrained media devices are limited by the encoder complexity. This thesis addresses Distributed Video Coding (DVC) as a possible solution for very low complexity video encoding. Straightforward intra coding techniques at the encoder is combined with exploiting motion information at the decoder side. In particular, the thesis focuses on the problems that typically emerge when exploiting temporal correlation solely at the decoder. The thesis covers performance limitations of different DVC aspects, namely channel coding, motion estimation at the decoder and quantization. All proposed schemes focus on allowing real-time encoding. In channel coding, we investigate decoder-based modeling. In motion estimation at the decoder, we focus on true motion-based extrapolation. In quantization, we propose a trade-off between adaptivity and overhead. Finally, we compare the derived solutions for each DVC aspect with its counterpart in conventional video coding. We find that DVC can outperform intra coding with a similar encoder complexity. However, for a less constrained encoder complexity conventional inter coding outperforms DVC by a large margin.


This article challenges Bernstein's problem of redundant degrees of freedom DOF that remains unsolved from both the standpoints of physiology and robotics. A rather simpler but difficult control problem of movements of human-like multi-joint reaching with excess DOF is analyzed from Newtonian mechanics and differential geometry. It is shown that, regardless of ill-posedness of inverse kinematics for such a redundant system, a simpler control signal composed of a well-tuned synergistic combination of task-space position feedback corresponding to spring-like forces and joint velocity feedback viscouslike forces leads to a skilled motion of reaching in a natural way without solving inverse kinematics or dynamics. Fundamental characteristics of human skilled multi-joint movements such as 1 generation of a quasi-straight line trajectory of the endpoint and 2 a little "variability" in task space but notable "variability" in joint space are analyzed from the concepts of "stability on an EP equilibrium-point manifold" and "transferability to an EP submanifold." It is claimed that the control signal exerts torques on joints of the whole arm just like a single virtual-spring drawing the endpoint of the arm to the target while giving a specified viscosity to each joint. This leads to an interpretation that skilled reaching movements emerge through formation of a set of neuro-motor signals exerting relevant group of muscles to generate a total potential energy equivalent to that of the spring. Discussions are presented on how such control signals in case of human reaching can be generated in a feedforward manner with capability of anticipatory adjustments of stiffness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •


Quantitative material reconstruction is the objective of a theoretical and practical project by researchers
from Chalmers University of Technology and Gothenburg University, which is opening up new
possibilities for the development of a wide range of applications, from medical imaging to military radar.


This text probes into the independent director's system.Nature of manager lie in their with manage could manpower capital advantage of respect accede to enterprise contract essence capital owner of manpower with enterprise's surplus control power.And when the director and board of directors have enterprise's control power,they are all the managers of enterprises,and the commission agent relation of the essence exists between the shareholders in it.So,the problem of agency exists with the shareholders as the manager's independent director. This text thinks,the listed company of our country only settles the problem of agency between the board of directors,independent director and shareholder well,the independent director's system could really give play to utility.


In the face of death is about the creation of a meaningful graphic system of
symbols, which focus on ideas and beliefs at the end of life, (the moment at which
we die) and the consequences of that. Using the four immortality narratives as a
vehicle to establish systems; Elixir: staying alive, life extension stories; Resurrection:
life, death and rebirth, science, faith and fiction; The Soul: the non-material part of
the body that is 'the real me', and Legacy: cultural, genetic and meme.
_ begin to create dialogue and understanding to unhide death using design.
(critical context, research practice, design exploration, expression and production)
_ create a meaningful and applied visual language:
print, artefacts, digital and social media platforms
_ explore how this system could be applied to the bespoke design of personal
items, which, for example could act as amulets, talisman, memento mori,
ritualistic objects or personal memorials.
_ challenge existing formal conventions of death, which are predominantly
homogenized and inadequate in expressing complexities surrounding death
narratives and belief systems; (secular and non secular).
- document the research and design process, to exhibit, publish and
disseminate information.
- take part in a collaborative practice with students and staff from
Augsburg University of Applied Sciences and Falmouth University, School of
Communication Design, with a residential weeks in both institutions.


In this paper, we prove gap results for constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces. First, we find a natural inequality for CMC surfaces that imply convexity for distance function. We then show that if Σ$\Sigma$ is a complete, properly embedded CMC surface in the Euclidean space satisfying this inequality, then Σ$\Sigma$ is either a sphere or a right circular cylinder. Next, we show that if Σ$\Sigma$ is a free boundary CMC surface in the Euclidean 3‐ball satisfying the same inequality, then either Σ$\Sigma$ is a totally umbilical disk or an annulus of revolution. These results complete the picture about gap theorems for CMC surfaces in the Euclidean 3‐space. We also prove similar results in the hyperbolic space and in the upper hemisphere, and in higher dimensions.


We analyze asymmetries of the business cycle in the Croatian economy, using various annualized growth rate variables for a period of eighteen years (1992-2010), de-trended by Hodrick-Prescott filter, and following the Harding and Pagan procedure in determination of its turning points. The time series in which we are looking for asymmetries over the Croatian business cycle are monthly data sets: gross domestic product (GDP); industry production index (IND); construction production index (CONST); nominal total import in Euro (IMP); nominal total export in Euro (EXP); tourism arrivals (ARR); tourism overnight stays (ON); retail consumer price index (RPCI); nominal wage (WAGE); productivity in industry index (PROD); nominal narrow money (M1); real exchange rate (REAL); real NB discount rate (INTR); unemployment rate (UR); vacancy rate (VR). In testing the issue of asymmetries we used and the procedure consists of the application of the formal Sichel's tests, which allows for two types of asymmetry in mean to be tested: steepness and deepness. Steepness occurs when contractions are steeper than expansions, whilst deepness is found when troughs are deeper than peak heights. We explore whether the evidence of asymmetries can be associated to an asymmetric behavior over the business cycle by augmented autoregressive models, too.


The estimation of ship CO2 emissions based on high-frequency Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, serves as a crucial reference and prerequisite to attain the emission reduction target within the shipping industry in Chongqing. Nevertheless, precise estimation of ship CO2 emissions depends on detailed vessel information, which may not always be readily available in the vessel parameter database. This challenge is particularly pronounced in inland watersheds, where a substantial amount of static ship data is missing. This study addresses this issue by utilizing a sample database comprising information from 2857 ships passing through or mooring in the Chongqing water area. Regression fitting, graded filling, and regional modularization are combined to construct a multi-source matching model, which could be deployed to supplement the missing static ship data within the study area. The regression fitting technique establishes the relationship between a ship's dimension, and its main engine power. The graded filling technique is used to discover the relationship between a ship's length and its main engine power, as well as its length and design speed. The regional modularization technique is utilized to find the relationship between a ship's location information and its main engine power, as well as its location information and design speed. By employing these multiple methods, the success rate of data matching is improved, consequently enhancing the practicality and reliability of the model. The multi-source matching model for static ship data effectively fills the gaps within the static ship database in Chongqing and resolves the challenge of calculating ship CO2 emissions within the region.


Focused electron beams can induce electromagnetic radiation from periodic surfaces. We have used low-energy electrons (1.5–6kV) to induce visible light emission from nanoscale gratings (50nm and 60nm). Our results coincide well with numerical simulations.


This paper examines the association between asset revaluations and discretionary accruals (a proxy for earnings management) using a sample of the largest 300 Australian companies. The results from this study indicate that the revaluation of non-current assets is positively associated with discretionary accruals. This finding is consistent with the argument that revaluation of assets reflects higher agency problems in the form of increased earnings management. Additional findings are that discretionary accruals are higher for firms reporting their non-current assets at fair values appraised by directors, than those of firms that use external appraisers. As well, the choice of auditors and the strength of corporate governance can constrain the opportunistic behaviour of managers in the accounting choice to revalue non-current assets.


In order to assess whether response to the natural precursor of catecholamines in the nervous system is impaired in atopy, 500 mg L-dopa was administered to 13 atopic patients with bronchial asthma or hay fever and 13 sex-and-age-matched control subjects. The blood eosinophil count and growth hormone (GH) levels were then determined periodically over a 4-h period. The eosinophil count rose significantly 30 and 60 min after L-dopa in healthy subjects, but not in the atopic patients. The mean rise in GH 30 and 60 min after L-dopa was significantly lower in atopic patients as compared with controls. Injection of apomorphine 0.75 mg elicited increase in GH in nine of the 10 control subjects, but only in six of the 11 atopic patients. These results indicate that central dopaminergic stimulation is often impaired in patients with atopy. In testing GH release, atopy should be considered among the causes of failure to respond.


Optical techniques are a promising technology to realize high frequency ultrasound arrays. High sensitivity and broad bandwidth have been demonstrated with thin film etalon sensors. Etalon arrays usually involve synthetic aperture techniques, where a single probe laser beam or photodiode is scanned over the sensing region. True parallel detection suitable for video-rate B-mode imaging remains a challenge. We demonstrate a 256-element one-dimensional receive array employing true parallel detection. The optoacoustic sensor is a thin film etalon consisting of a photoresist layer with gold coatings on a glass substrate. A fiber coupled 785 nm diode laser is brought to a line focus (3.6 mm length) on the etalon. The line focus is imaged with a one-to-one lens relay onto a 512 element line scan CCD camera with a 14 × 14 μm pixel size. The etalon array is tested with a 25 MHz f/2 transducer. Both the transducer and probe laser are modulated with a frequency sweep from 10 MHz to 40 MHz within a 14 ms time window. The CCD camera acquires 1200 lines with an exposure time of 10 μs per line. The frequency domain data are processed off-line, where each frame involves background subtraction, spectral apodization, zero padding, and an inverse Fourier transform. The reconstructed time-domain wavefield data for the entire array spans 16 μs. Both the measured pulse duration (60 ns) and main lobe width (154 μm) agree well with the expected values from a 25 MHz f/2 transducer. Although the camera has 512 pixels, only 256 were illuminated with the line focus. A swept frequency acquisition is easily adapted for higher frequency (i.e. 75 MHz) signals. Each B-mode data frame was acquired in less than 15 ms, which approaches the speed necessary for video-rate acquisition. We believe these results suggest the potential of optoacoustic arrays for video-rate ultrasound biomicroscopy.


Background Poor adherence to the osteoporosis prophylaxis medications has been reported before, which may result in treatment failure.1 However findings of previous studies are controversial.1,2 Objectives To investigate the role of nurse-led telephone follow-up to increase the level of adherence to osteoporosis prophylaxis medications in patients with newly diagnosed Polymyalgia Rheumatica/Giant Cell Arteritis (PMR/GCA). Methods This is an ongoing 1-year prospective cohort study. 37 consecutive steroid treated patients with newly diagnosed PMR/GCA were included. Patients were seen by the physicians at baseline, 1st and 4th month, where they were interviewed about their compliance towards osteoporosis prophylaxis medications, i.e. Calcium/Vitamin D supplements and Bisphosphonates (if Tscore ≤−1), using a standardized questionnaire. Patients were therefore categorized as 100%, 50-100%, <50% adherent or non-adherent to the prescribed drugs. Every individual patient were contacted by our nurses one week after treatment initiation, and subsequently one month after physician visit to evaluate the effect of treatment, compliance to the medications and possible drugs side effects. Results 85.3% and 75.8% of the patients were completely adherent to their osteoporosis medications at 1st and 4th months of treatment initiation, respectively. (figure 1) The difference between level of adherence to the osteoporosis medications at 1st (=week 4) and 4th month (=week 16) was not statistically significant. (P value:0.369). Decreased adherence in the patients was mainly due to forgetfulness. Conclusion Compared to the earlier findings we found a higher level of adherence in this group of patients. Nurse-led telephone follow up as well as educating the patients respecting the importance of the osteoporosis medications for preventing steroid related side effects, may enhance and subsequently maintain high level of adherence to the osteoporosis medications. Our findings are in line with our earlier study indicating a high level of adherence to the osteoporosis medications in PMR/GCA patients.2 References [1] Rossini M, et al. Determinants of adherence to osteoporosis treatment in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17:914-21. [2] Emamifar A, et al. Level of Adherence to Prophylactic Osteoporosis Medication amongst Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Rheumatology. 2015;2015:783709. Disclosure of Interests None declared


Objective:To inquiry into the infection of Herpes simplex virus type Ⅱ(HSV-Ⅱ)on sterile male patient and the influence of HSV-Ⅱinfection on semen quality.Methods: Collecting 426 cases of semen sample from the sterile male patient and extract DNA after cleaning the collected cells.Using Fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)method to detect the HSV-Ⅱ,and analyze quality parameters including sperm density,motility and livability,sperm shape and etc.Results: The HSV-Ⅱ detection rate of 426 cases of semen sample is 16.67%(71/426);The sperm density in the positive group of HSV-Ⅱinfection is 24.03±26.86)×106/ml,the sperm density in the negative group of HSV-Ⅱinfection is(46.72±39.11)×106/ml,the sperm density in the positive group is significantly lower than that in the negative group(P0.05);The sperm viability in the positive group of HSV-Ⅱinfection is 31.08±9.23(%),the sperm viability in the negative group of HSV-Ⅱinfection is 42.52±16.44(%),the sperm viability in the positive group is significantly lower than that in the negative group(P0.01);The sperm motility in the positive group of HSV-Ⅱinfection is 44.38±17.97(%),the sperm motility in the positive group of HSV-Ⅱinfection is 50.74±12.80(%),there is no significant difference between the sperm motility in the two groups(P0.05);The rate of normal sperm shape in the positive group of HSV-Ⅱinfection is significantly lower than that in the negative group(P0.01),and pathological spermatogenic cells were found in the positive group;Serum specific antibodies of the 71 cases of patients infected HSV-Ⅱ are all IgG positive and all IgM negative.Conclusion: The infection of HSV-Ⅱ can affect partly on semen quality and spermatogenesis and it can probably has some relationship with male infertility.


Hyperfine structure spectrum in 56908nm line of 141Pr+ was measured by the collinear fast-ion-beam laser spectroscopy- All the spectral lines were resolved- The magnetic dipole and electric quadruple coupling constants, and hyperfine splitting of the metastable levels and excited levels were determined- Our results were in agreement with the published data within experiment uncertainty- The accuracy of the magnetic dipole coupling constants was improved by one order of magnitude compared with the published data-


With a greedy strategy to construct control index set of coordinates firstly and then choosing the corresponding column submatrix in each iteration, we present a greedy block Gauss-Seidel (GBGS) method for solving large linear least squares problem. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the convergence factor of the GBGS method can be much smaller than that of the greedy randomized coordinate descent (GRCD) method proposed recently in the literature. On the basis of the GBGS method, we further present a pseudoinverse-free greedy block Gauss-Seidel method, which doesn't need to calculate the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of the column submatrix in each iteration any more and hence can be achieved greater acceleration. Moreover, this method can also be used for distributed implementations. Numerical experiments show that, for the same accuracy, our methods can far outperform the GRCD method in terms of the iteration number and computing time.


Acinar cell cystadenoma (ACA), also referred to as "acinar cystic transformation" , is a rare and newly recognized cystic lesion of the pancreas. This cystic lesion displaying apparent acinar cell differentiation and lacking of distinct cellular atypia was accepted as the benign counterpart of acinar cystadenocarcinoma. However, the exact etiopathogenesis of ACA is still not clear.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms; Acinar cell cystadenoma; Cystic lesion; Histopathology


In this report, the effect of sputtering target microstructure on the deposited film stress was investigated. By controlling the metallurgical process, two types of W-10wt%Ti target constituents, namely single-phase and multiple-phase WTi, were prepared. The former one was composed of W-rich ({beta}Ti,W) phase only, the latter one was with W, W-rich ({beta}Ti,W) and Ti-rich ({beta}Ti,W) phases. The stress of the films deposited on 12.7 cm diameter silicon oxide wafers from the single-phase target tends to be more compressive than that from the multiple-phase target. By increasing wafer temperature, the compressive stress was linearly decreased. In addition, the level of film stress was also affected by the film thickness and other sputtering parameters. To understand the causes for the differences in film stress between the multiple-phase and single-phase derived films, an evaluation of the film structure using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and mechanical testing using a nano-indentation instrument were performed. Finer domains with denser laminar structure were observed on the films deposited from the single-phase target. However, no significant difference in mechanical properties was found between these two from the nano-indentation measurements. It is envisioned that the more uniform solid solution between the W and Ti in the filmsmore » obtained by sputtering the single-phase targets generates a higher compressive stress when deposited on the silicon oxide wafers resulting in a higher compressive stress.« less


In 1994, I happened to visit a nearby liberal arts college. I was a newly minted Ph.D. candidate and, I suppose, a little full of myself when I struck up a conversation with a group of undergraduate philosophy majors. They asked me what I was studying. "Nursing," I replied. "Nursing!?" they scoffed. "Why don't you get a real discipline?" Philosophy more real than nursing? Outside of academia, the comparison is absurd. Reality presents itself to practicing nurses in its most basic forms—birth and death, deadly peril and heroic rescue, not to mention odors and effluents seldom found in the study of philosophy. In the academy, however, these students had hit nursing, and me, where it hurt. Since the 1970s, scholars in nursing had struggled to achieve equal status with philosophy or physics as a real—in the sense of "academic"— discipline. Although we have, for the most part, achieved that status, some of those early efforts to transform nursing into a "real discipline" have inadvertently undermined the importance of practice, the moral center of nursing. In the 1970s, when nursing Ph.D. programs were newcomers to the academy, Donaldson and Crowley (1978) argued that the survival of (academic) nursing depended on the ability of nurse scholars to identify "true distinctions" (p. 114) between nursing and other bodies of knowledge. According to King and Brownell (1966), those true distinctions were found in each discipline's particular substantive, theoretical, and methodological structures. The pursuit these structures directed nurse scholars towards conceptual and theoretical abstractions and thus farther away from the realities of practice. At the same time, Carper (1978) and Hardy (1978) seized on Kuhn's (1962) assertion that mature disciplines were characterized by paradigms. Kuhn defined a paradigm as the body of accepted theory and methods as well as the shared history that unite a discipline's work, much as described by King and Brownell (1966). Both Carper (1978) and Hardy (1978) argued that nursing had not yet become a mature discipline because nursing existed in what Kuhn (1962) called a "pre-paradigm" state, characterized by competing and sometimes incompatible theories and propositions. Nurse scholars during this period argued for the development of a unique nursing paradigm, so that nursing could more quickly achieve the stature of a mature science. The search for a unifying nursing theory—a paradigm—marshaled the energy of nurse scholars towards the development of grand theories that, for the most part, did not emphasize practice (Risjord, 2010). On closer examination, Kuhn's relativist and historicist critique of empiricism was directed more at the natural sciences, with which Kuhn's training in physics had made him very familiar. In contrast, Kuhn explicitly excepted medicine, technology, and law from those sciences for which "acceptance of a paradigm... transform[ed] a group... into a discipline" (1962, p. 19). According to Kuhn, paradigms had no significant role in medicine, for example, because the purpose of medicine


This report describes the closed circuit test facility for testing centrifugal compressors at Kyushu University, in the department of Research Institute of Industrial Science.The main aim in building this facility was to understand internal flow behaviour in a supersonic centrifugal compressor. This facility was completely designed,built and errected by I.H.I. in 1972 at an estimated cost of 0.15 Billion Yen.
 A regeneration system and refrigerator for getting low compressor inlet temperature were incorporated into the loop.A data acquisition system along with online computer were also included, in the test facility


The category of totally ordered graded module braids and that of the exact interlocking sequences are shown to be equivalent. As an application of this equivalence, we show the existence of a connection matrix for a totally ordered graded module braid without assuming the existence of chain complex braid that induces the given graded module braid.


multimethod) to measure reliability, validity, and take two competing models to analyze the model fitness. The two competing model strongly shows the impact on channel retailers when they develop an optimal operation to probe the customer preference. The finding of Host Country Retailer (HCR) should reinforce their service quality by canvassing more customers shopping in the stores, and improve their service feedback speed. In a competition between the semantic scale of SEM and the Likert scale, measurements make it obvious that the Likert scale of SEM is more powerful. It's good for the retailers and business manager to have furthering understand the operation skill and service improvement. The leader of channel retailers should from mind to start targeting their goal and incremental market value to service more customers shopping preferences.


The prevent Institute standards allow a maximum limit of 105 (leg. for fibrous insulation and 125 deg. for mica insulation with an allowance of 150 deg. subject to special guarantees of the manufacturer. In high-voltage machines of large size, the effect of actual copper temperatures higher than 105 deg. may cause softening and disappearance of binding materials, bulging of insulation, and consequent powdering of insulation under periodic pounding of copper on softened material, and, ionization at voids so created. Operating experience of four large size machines demonstrated the above effects to repeatedly take place in machines operating at copper temperatures of 150 deg. cent. None of these effects were noted in machines operating at copper temperatures of 105 deg. cent. or under. Two machines have safely operated for over three years at maximum copper temperatures of 130 deg. cent. Incorrect conclusions may be made as regards the safe temperature limits by judging the performance of machines unless actual copper temperatures are known. Lower ambient temperatures and fractional loads may reduce the operating temperatures 25 to 35 deg. below the assumed limits. Machines designed for high temperatures are less efficient than machines designed for cool temperatures, in one instance the difference being as great as several hundred kilowatts at all loads. The calculation of ventilation of large machines is relatively uncertain; it is of importance to aim at a conservative limit rather than set it too near the danger point. From the standpoint of economy as well as greater safety, it appears that large machines should not be operated at higher copper temperatures than 105 deg. cent. This means that with outside air ventilation seldom exceeding 20 deg., the maximum standard limit with the standard reference of 40 deg. ambient should be 125 deg. equivalent to 85 deg. maximum rise at the copper. In all cases where the room air is close to 40 deg. the maximum copper rise should be limited to 65 deg. Other correlated and important features discussed incidentally in the paper are the typical proportionality of life at different temperatures for fibrous insulation, and the new tentative conventional allowance for reducing to maximum copper temperature, readings taken outside the insulation.


CdS thin films on glass have been produced with infrared pulsed-laser deposition. Three emission bands, in the green, yellow, and red spectral regions were observed in ion-beam luminescence (IBL) spectra of these as-deposited films. The temperature dependence of the IBL spectra of the films was investigated. The variations of the spectra with various species of implanted ions were also studied. It was found that for light ions (H+ or H2+) the intensity of all the luminescence bands was increased by decreasing the sample temperature. The relative intensities of the peaks changed with temperature so that the overall peak shapes appear to move as the temperature decreased. Comments on the origin of the signals are included.


- The need for preventing data skew in digital designs is well known in the industry, and standard simulation or formal checks ensure that these functional bugs don't reach silicon. However, by labelling Clock Domain Crossing (CDC) signals as "false paths," different bits of a CDC bus or its qualifier may be routed with varying amounts of time delay. If the delay on certain bits is greater than 1 clock cycle, this can result in data skew or metastability in the sampling. Such issues can create silicon-killing functional bugs, and since these timing issues don't appear in RTL simulation, designers need to spend a large amount of effort to identify and constrain these paths for the back-end. This paper will describe new and improved methodologies for detecting and preventing such timing-analysis CDC bugs that also remove the overhead from designers.


A new method of two- or three-dimensional spin density imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is proposed, which exploits the properties of spin echoes in time- dependent magnetic field gradients. An analysis shows that simultaneous observation and differentiation of signals, arising from all spins distributed in a plane or set of planes within the specimen, is possible. The method is thus capable of producing visual pictures faster than previously described planar imaging methods.


The authors deal with the optimization of production planning in the mixed-model assembly production. Modern paint shops are highly complex facilities with a multitude of interdependent process steps. In order to describe the occurring throughput and processing times, the behavior of these times is of great interest for production planning, a modeling of the paint shop is necessary. The disruptions appearing here, which are a major source for delays and reorganizations within the car plant, are due to the complex structure and various rework. In this work, an alternate formulation of a long term reliable model is discussed: The description of the paint shop based on a stochastic model which is directly derived from data analysis of the production data. COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF A PAINT SHOP Due to the many successive steps the production process of painting a body can be viewed as a multi stepped flow production (Spieckermann, 2002): Figure 1 gives a schematic overview over the major technological steps of a paint shop. In general this is reduced to the following steps: Pre-treatment: Arriving from the body shop, the body gets degreased and all metal fragments that are remnants of the production process in the body shop get cleaned away. Also some corrosion protective substances are applied. Base coat: At the base coating, the body is immersed in a bath of electrostatic particles that coat the body due to electrostatic forces. This is predominantly for protection from corrosion and for optimizing the color application. At the end of this step the body is heated in an oven to permanently fix the coating particles on the body. Underbody seam sealing: In this process step overlapping of the metal sheeting and gaps are sealed to prevent water intrusion. Additionally the underbody gets an extra coating against stone impact. Filler coating: After the surface of the body has been cleaned of dust again, the filler coating is applied. The brightness of the filler coating is adjusted concerning the brightness of the final color. This is an additional protection against stone chip. Top coating: The top coat is the layer of color that is determining the final color of the product. Clear finish: After the top-coating the whole body is painted with a clear paint. Clear finish is used in order to protect the color against scratches and other environmental influences. Final inspection and rework: In these steps the color is investigated for quality problems. In case of quality failures the painted body is transferred to the reworking, otherwise the painted body is clear and subsequently transferred to a storage unit. The reworking unit consists of several steps. In the inspection the severity of the problem and the specialized workstation for the repair is assessed. There are several work stations depending on the severity of the problem. The three major stations are paint removal, spot repair and extended completion. After a re-assessment of the quality of the repair work the bodies are re-introduces into the line at the appropriate position. The detailed description of each of these production steps is very difficult. Parallel process steps and the building of uniquely-colored batches have to be described. Furthermore, the paint shop of a car manufacturer is a place of continuing change. So the Proceedings 28th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation ©ECMS Flaminio Squazzoni, Fabio Baronio, Claudia Archetti, Marco Castellani (Editors) ISBN: 978-0-9564944-8-1 / ISBN: 978-0-9564944-9-8 (CD) formulation of long-term reliable model is nearly an impossible task. PROBABILISTIC NATURE OF PAINT SHOP PROCESSES Modern car production is organized by the pearl chain principle (Meyr, 2004; Weyer, 2002): The individual orders are lined up like pearls on a chain fixed in their sequence position relative to each other. Complex processes in the final assembly are based on the production order planned. For the delivery processes just-in-time (JIT) and just-in-sequence (JIS) the stability of the production order is of central importance. As a consequence the description of the behavior of a paint shop is essential for optimal production planning and for using production control systems. Parallelization of lines, processing of bodies in batches and rework due to system failures or violation of quality parameters cause turbulences of the preplanned order. Especially, painted bodies which have to be reworked are separated from the assembly line and are reworked on specialized work stations. A simulation model describing this process has to take into account this stochastic throughput. From an abstract point of view, the paint shop can be regarded as a so called "black-box". Bodies in white are entering the paint shop and colored bodies are leaving it. Each body has an individual throughput time depending on its path through the paint shop. The individual throughput times of the bodies can be easily obtained from data analysis. DISTRIBUTION OF TROUGHPUT TIMES The throughput time of a body i is defined as the time it takes to successfully pass through a workstation or a group of workstations (Arnold and Furmans, 2009). In this case we are interested in the throughput time through the paint shop which is defined as the timestamp a body leaves the paint shop minus the timestamp the body has entered the paint shop. The manufacturing information system of a car manufacturer stores for each produced car many production timestamps. By using the timestamps from the input and the output of the paint shop a top-down analysis is applied. Through extensive data analysis, working time models and production interruptions have to be removed from the data set. By counting the bodies with defined throughput times random variables and corresponding distributions can be used to describe the throughput time. But, what is the correct distribution function? To answer this question several distribution functions where fitted to the distributions from data analysis. To obtain the parameters of the distributions, on the one hand maximum likelihood estimators and on the other hand moments estimators have been used. In general, empirical distributions of processing times are often skewed to the right, which is a result of the already mentioned production delays. So we have to concentrate on nonsymmetrical density functions. A commonly used distribution is the exponential distribution. Figure 1: Basic Layout of a paint shop


Buckgr~und/Aims: The development of liver fibrosis due to chronic liver diseases is thought to be mediated by inflammatory cells releasing fibrogenic mediators that activate fat-storing cells (Ito-cells). Recently, the involvement of mast cells in fibrogenesis has been suggested. We studied the distribution of these cells in normal human liver and human nonfibrotic and fibrotic liver disease as well as in normal rat liver and acutely and chronically injured rat liver (CC& model). Methods: Mast cells were identiiled by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The immunoreactivity of liver and comparatively of rat peritoneal mast cells to the serpins alphal-antitrypsin, alphal-antichymotrypsin and antithrombin III was also studied.


Using dogwood trees, Oak Ridge National Laboratory researchers are gaining a better understanding of the role photosynthesis and respiration play in the atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle. Their findings will aid computer modelers in improving the accuracy of climate simulations.


I was astounded to read the letter by Roger Floyd (11 Apr., p. 183) suggesting that an institution that grants a doctoral degree has a responsibility to provide employment for the recipient of that degree. The institution that grants the degree fulfills its responsibility by providing an individual with access to the graduate education, guiding a student's research, providing him the opportunity to study, and examining his work to see whether he is qualified to receive the Ph.D.

Graduate education is not a search for money; it is a search for education, for intellectual achievement, for excellence in study. If advanced study in a field results in more remunerative employment, fine; if it does not, one may enjoy the learning for the sake of being more knowledgeable about life. A Ph.D. is not about getting a better job; it is about an internal feeling of accomplishment.

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Floyd's letter is an affront to hard-working people. To suggest that a person should be guaranteed a standard of living because that person's choice of a career was not a wise one is ludicrous. I and many people have put a lot of years into learning and keeping current with proper work practices. We do get a stipend from the government when times are bad; it is called unemployment.

If someone with a Ph.D. cannot find any work in his chosen field because there is a surplus of talent, then he will have to find a different field of endeavor. That has happened to many Americans in the past 20 years.


Advanced polymeric controlled delivery systems are designed to effectively treat chronic diseases by adjusting the temporal profile of drug release. Most conventional controlled‐release carriers provide a constant and sustained‐release profile of therapeutics for an extended time. Although these systems have improved the patients' compliance and adherence and have reduced the administration frequency, they cannot be used for optimal treatment of diseases that require variable patterns of drug release in the treatment regimen. These patterns and the specific rhythms of medical conditions determined by both the body's internal biological clock cycles (i.e., circadian rhythm) and each patient's characteristics call for patient‐specific controlled drug‐delivery systems that can provide adjustable drug release profiles. The importance of individualized therapy and the variety of biodegradable polymers with tunable physicochemical properties promote the design and manufacturing of polymeric delivery systems that release therapeutics at controllable rates. In the past two decades, novel biomaterials and fabrication methods have been utilized to improve the traditional drug‐delivery design and manufacturing technologies. This review article provides a critical discussion of emerging polymeric controlled‐release systems and the mechanisms through which they release their therapeutic agents. Advances and challenges in the design and the fabrication processes of polymeric drug‐delivery systems, particularly solid oral dosage forms and implantable microchips, with controllable release profiles of drugs, are reviewed, focusing on the application of microtechnology and 3D printing techniques in their manufacturing.


In Portugal, the expansion of second homes has been an important feature of land use and landscape change. The growing omnipresence of second homes and the inherent environmental, economic, cultural and other aspects of land use are frequent discussion topics nowadays among policyand opinion-makers, but this phenomenon has not yet become part of the national research agenda. In order to fill this gap, a research project entitled "SEGREX Second Home Expansion and Spatial Development Planning in Portugal" was launched. The first phase of the project's fieldwork consisted of interviewing local authorities in the Oeste – the case-study region. Its aim was to identify localities with presence and/or growth of second homes, to determine the main features of second home expansion and to learn more about its economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts. Some findings are presented and discussed in this paper


(57) [Summary of formula (I): Wherein, R is carbocyclic aryl group, R This compound, for example, α undergo stereoselective Michael addition, so as to form a β- unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative is a useful source of chiral nucleophiles.


Insecticides at the rate of 0.75 kg ai/ha were placed in porcelain pots containing 35-day-old plants. Twenty adult females of each species were caged on a plant at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after treatment (DT). Insect mortality was recorded at 48 hr after caging.


Objective To study the pharmacodynamics of Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Orally Disintegrating Tablets (QRZK-ORT). Methods Some experiments,including cough induced by ammonia liquor,cough induced by sulfur dioxide,death induced by endomycin,ear edema induced by xylene,fever induced by dried yeast were performed.Results The cough incubation period of mice induced by ammonia liquor or sulfur dioxide was obviously prolonged and the cough times induced by ammonia liquor were decreased by the QRZK-ORT (3.86、1.93、 0.87 g·kg -1 ,i.g.).When the mice were treated with the same dose,the ear edema induced by xylene was significantly inhibited.The mice treated with endomycin couldn't be protected by the QRZK-ORT.In rats,the fever caused by dried yeast was obviously inhibited by the QRZK-ORT (2.68、1.34、 0.67 g·kg -1 ,i.g.).Conclusion QRZK-ORT still shows the same actions of fever removing,cough relieving and anti-inflammation with the Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral Solution.


The education of the French elite within a restricted circle of prestigious schools leads to strong social ties inside the boardroom. This paper examines the impact of these ties on a firm's cost of equity. Our results show that the strength of CEO-Board ties is associated with a higher cost of equity due to the risk of managerial opportunism induced by weaker board monitoring. This effect is amplified when the CEO is firmly entrenched due a longer tenure or dual role as chairman of the board. It is however moderated when other control mechanisms, such as the presence of a large controlling shareholder or extensive analyst following, can substitute for deficient board monitoring. Overall, our results highlight the cost arising from the existence of social networks in the boardroom.


Aim: To detect the levels of serum and liver SOD,MDA levels in morphine addicted mice.Methods: Mice were divided into four groups(12 in each group). One group was injected with normal saline at the dose of 0.5 ml per day for 11 days as control. The other three groups were injected morphine hydrochloride at the dose of 100 mg/(kg·d) for 11 days to induce morphine-addicted model. Serum was isolated in control group, morphine addicted group, and morphine abstinence group at 6 h after the last injection. Serum was collected in the spontaneous abstinence group at 24 h after the last injection. The liver of each mouse was weighted and homogenized with cold saline and centrifugated to get supernatant for future determination. SOD was determined using hydroxylamine colorimetry.MDA was determined using sulfide barbital acid method. Results: The serum and liver SOD in morphine addicted group, morphine abstinence group,and spontaneous abstinence group were lower than that of control group, respectively (P0.05 or 0.01). The liver MDA level in morphine addicted group, morphine abstinence group,and spontaneous abstinence group were higher than that of control group (P0.05).Conclusion: The serum and liver SOD levels are decreased, and MDA is increased after morphine addiction and morphine abstinence.


1 CHAPTER ONE hy do ealth ystems atter? Health systems consist of all the people and actions whose primary purpose is to improve health. They may be integrated and centrally directed, but often they are not. After centuries as small-scale, largely private or charitable, mostly ineffectual entities, they have grown explosively in this century as knowledge has been gained and applied. They have contributed enormously to better health, but their contribution could be greater still, especially for the poor. Failure to achieve that potential is due more to systemic failings than to technical limitations. It is therefore urgent to assess current performance and to judge how health systems can reach their potential.


Stereo and planar PIV methods provide a continuous vector field overlaid on a planar surface. A subset of the more general topological considerations are ideally suited for the evaluation of such vector fields. Namely, these methods can: i) identify the singular points and assign their correct index values, and ii) determine if the identified singular points satisfy the Poincare-Hopf theorem. Hence, once a specific vector field is established, the methods presented in this paper can be used to evaluate the kinematic attributes of the vector field and to ensure that the identified singular points represent a topologically valid vector field.


SoyWRKY15a is associated with seed size in wild soybean, and the diverged expression of this gene due to a cis-motif variation in the 5'-untranslated region was one feature distinguishing wild soybeans from cultivated soybeans.


After the research of production in the mill of Chengmenshan copper company,we take many technical measures such as adjusting the technological conditions of grinding and flotation,improving cyclone and optimizing sulfur concentrate desliming parameters.With those efforts,recovery of sulfur increases from 39.89% to 53.54%.And at the same time,recovery of copper increases to 82.41%,which rises by 0.90%.


Abstract One of the most important challenges for cartographers is to be able to transmit information appearing in maps in a simple manner to users. The commonest strategy to do so consists in displaying visual information in a hierarchical way, that is, making it some elements to appear as being more important than others. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that people also pay attention to configurational information, or information about relationships among elements appearing in a map, to retrieve hierarchical information of it. This is the topic of this paper. It aims to investigate the role of metric and configurational information in enabling people to retrieve hierarchical information from maps. The main problem consisted in identifying 'the main street' of different layouts whose paths were sometimes widened to make them appear more important. The main findings show that people retrieved hierarchical information by paying attention to a combination of metric and configurational factors. One of the main challenges that cartographers face is to transmit information in a way that is simple to understand for everyone. The most frequent strategy for this is to display the information in a hierarchical way; that is, by exaggerating the size or width of specific elements and thus assigning them a greater degree of importance. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that when reading maps, people also read configurational information. This is the topic of this paper. It aims to investigate the role of metric and configurational information in enabling people to retrieve hierarchical information from maps. For this, a set of exercises was designed and carried out where people were asked to identify the main street of different specially designed layouts. The main findings show that people retrieved hierarchical information by paying attention to a combination of metric and configurational factors.