The effect of Zinc Oxide level as an activator on the Mechanical properties of Natural Rubber Composite was studied. It has been discovered that technicians usually add additional Zinc oxide different from the recommended dosage used in the formulation receipt during the process of compounding and also recovery of scorched compounds. One hundred parts per hundred rubber (100phr) of Natural rubber was compounded with Zinc Oxide levels of, 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10phr respectively. The effect of Zinc Oxide level on tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, hardness, abrasion resistance and compression set were investigated. The result obtained showed that as the Zinc Oxide level increased, the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, hardness and compression set attained their maximum values at 5.0phr, after which there was a gradual decrease of same properties as a result of reversion. For the purpose of hardness and enhanced tensile properties, a known quantity of 5.0phr is recommended. Keywords : Activator, Composite, Mechanical properties, Natural Rubber, Zinc Oxide.


Heart failure remains a major clinical and public health problem, but the optimal use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in patients with heart failure can further reduce mortality and morbidity. This doctoral thesis i) highlighted the 'treatment gap' in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, ii) demonstrated that aspirin does not reduce the beneficial effects of eplerenone in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, iii) provided evidence that clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention have not improved over the last decade, and iv) that in this subgroup, statin therapy may provide no significant benefits. This body of research offers important insights into contemporary issues regarding the management of patients with heart failure.


E-government aim to create cheaper and more effecti ve administration is getting to be important element in the operational strategy of all countries. The authorities spent funds on implementation of e-government servi c s and the effectiveness of these investments will be appreciated only when it is possible to reduce the expenditure on handling traditional procedures. Efiling tax systems are the most advanced e-government services, however not everywh re have been accepted in the equal form. This article will present the results o f a study setting out the reasons for not submitting electronic tax declarations in Polan d. The survey was conducted in the tax offices in April 2012. The objective of thi s article is to find the main reason which inhibit readiness to use this e-government se rvic .


Keywords : Intensively managed grass, semi-natural grasslands, forage species, dairy cows, in vivo digestibility, feed degradation, energy metabolism, milk production, ruminant nutrition, rumen fermentation, rumen kinetics, voluntary intake, feed evaluation This thesis focuses on the nutritional value of grass from intensively managed as well as semi-natural grasslands in diets fed to dairy cows. Aims were to explain why performance of dairy cows, fed intensively managed grass, is lower than expected based on their calculated energy intake, and to obtain knowledge on the nutritional value of forages from semi-natural grasslands if fed to dairy cows. In order to understand the reason for the overestimation of the performance of dairy cows, several feeding and respiration trials were collected. From the feeding trials it was concluded that there was a discrepancy between energy input in grass and concentrates and energy output in milk and maintenance. This was due to the composition of grass and diet, but also due to higher maintenance requirements on grass-based diets than currently assumed. In the respiration trials it was observed that maintenance requirements for dairy cows on grass-based diets should be increased by 10%. This increase was attributed to nitrogen excretion and energy required for digestion. The digestibility of forages from semi-natural grasslands is often low, due to a delayed harvesting date, and thus an advanced stage of maturity. However, though the ( in situ and in vitro ) degradation rate of mature grasses was low, the degradation rate of some dicotyledonous species appeared to be high. Also the intake of silage from semi-natural grasslands, with high proportions of dicotyledonous species was observed to be relatively high, especially when compared to the intake of silages from semi-natural grasslands mainly consisting of grasses in an advanced stage of maturity. The milk production of diets containing large proportions of semi-natural silages was low compared to diets containing mostly intensively managed grass. In vivo digestibility of forages from semi-natural grasslands was approximately similar to the in vitro digestibility. Digestibility could not be estimated based on chemical composition. Rumen fermentation of semi-natural forages did not deviate from expectations based on the chemical composition of the diet. However, a study of the rumen kinetics showed that diets containing large proportions of dicotyledonous species had a higher intake rate and passage rate than expected, and diets containing large proportions of mature grasses had a faster particle size reduction than expected. Also on forages from semi-natural grasslands, maintenance requirements should be increased, due to required energy for nitrogen excretion and for chewing and rumination. For intensively managed grass as well as for forages from semi-natural grasslands, a correction of the energy value of grass, by correcting for the surplus of protein per kg grass, is suggested, together with an increase of maintenance requirements by 10% for digestion and rumination. Including forages from semi-natural grasslands in diets of dairy cows is possible, especially if the forages are fed in small amounts. Replacement of intensively managed grass by forages from semi-natural grasslands until a maximum of 30% seems to offer best possibilities.


Drug induced liver injury (DILI) leads to acute hepatitis in 10%, liver failure, and death in 30%. One of the major drugs causing DILI is Anti-tuberculous drugs and since tuberculosis is affecting 1/3rd of the total world population, their use is quite common. Use of Isoniazid (INH) is limited owing to hepatotoxicity following the stress produced by oxidative species. Silymarin has hepatoprotective potential because of anti-oxidant property. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) on the other hand triggers the cellular protective mechanisms by replenishing glutathione in the cells. The main aim of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of Silymarin and NAC against INH induced toxicity. Total 50 BALB/C mice were sorted into a total of 5 groups, with 10 mice in each group for 2 weeks by random sampling. Control group was administered distilled water through I/P route daily. The INH group was administered I/P 100 mg/kg INH daily. The INH/Silymarin group was administered 150 mg/kg INH and 50 mg/kg Silymarin I/P daily. The INH/NAC group was administered 150mg/kg INH and 300mg/kg of NAC I/P daily. The INH/NAC/silymarin group was administered 150mg/kg INH, 300mg/kg of NAC and 50mg/kg of silymarin I/P daily. On day 14, the dissection of all the mice was done. Liver function tests were performed and histopathology was done. Both NAC and Silymarin demonstrated hepatoprotection that was statistically similar. However, the mice of silymarin group looked weak and less active and six dies within 5-8 days after the end of the experimental doses of the drugs. Conflicts of Interest: Declared None Funding: None


Energy Efficiencycovers wide-ranging topics related to energy efficiency, energy savings, energy consumption, energy sufficiency, and energy transition in all sectors across the globe. Coverage includes energy efficiency policies at all levels of governance enabling social, organizational, and economic factors of sufficient and efficient behavior and decisions; analysis and modeling of energy efficiency performance, measures, policies, outcomes, and impacts; energy management systems and energy services; the role of energy efficiency and demand-side management in energy planning, energy markets and risk assessment; local sustainable energy planning; energy behavior; acceptability of policy, technology, and new energy systems; and emerging technologies and approaches to improve energy efficiency.  Energy Efficiencyeditors welcome new and original work that contributes to our knowledge of energy efficiency and energy savings and that offers broad implications for energy efficiency within the transition to a more sustainable energy system. Editors will only consider clearly written, broadly applicable and accessible submissions that contain a novel element, issue, approach, method or result and that inspire progress in actual energy efficiency gains and energy savings.


The requirement analysis which is clear essential important matter of the software development which is successful about demand of the user. Influences big in the software configuration which will be developed. With the development where existing the many softwares the Internet are sudden changed together in web base Web Application, complicated termination the demand of the user increases and many expense and manpower are becoming disturbance in development. However, So far Web Application about the justice of the development environment which is accurate is not becoming well. There is to development and stands but does not reflect the requirement of the user not to be able, the user became freely plan of the function which approaches information with difficult. This paper, Amended a software requirement analysis process, analyzed the method will be able to identify proposed a requirement.


To date, the entrepreneurship phenomenon is characterized by several thrusts and conceptual frameworks. In this literature review, we provide an overview of over forty years of entrepreneurship research, thereby breaking down the phenomenon into five components: creator, creating process, new value created, close and remote environment. We also elucidate on the concepts of human and social capital, two variables that have been highly adopted to explain the influence of entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs on new value creation.


Judges wield discretion when ruling on all manner of legal and equitable issues. For centuries, judges have relied on their discretion when considering whether an equitable defense barred actions seeking legal relief. As part of that process, courts have incorporated many equitable defenses into the law. This trend is known as "fusion." And common-law legal systems throughout the world have experienced fusion — from the United States to England to Australia. This concept is important because it informs much of our modern jurisprudence: "The evolution of law is to a large extent the history of its absorption of equity."

This Court should hold that federal courts have the discretion to apply laches to requests for legal relief under the Copyright Act. Additionally, the Court ought to clarify the circumstances that federal courts should consider when exercising this discretion. In particular, this Court should hold that laches is a viable defense to claims arising under the Copyright Act where the operation of the separate accrual rule would allow the limitations period to run indefinitely.


The paper considers the solution of the photogrammetric problem of measuring the planar objects dimensions with projective distortions that are characteristic for low-altitude photography. It is shown that a bird's eye view transformation technique allows estimating the area occupied by planar objects with a relative error of up to 5 %. Keywords—projective distortion; bird's eye view transormation; homography matrix; quaternion; three-axis accelerometer; camera calibration


The purpose of this study is to analyze the pragmatic features of speculative expressions through corpus analysis. Since the restrictions between speculative expressions are not strictly classified, it is not easy for foreign learners to select the appropriate expression for the situation. The proper use of speculative expressions is related to the appropriateness of sentences. Knowing the usage knowledge about speculative expressions is an important factor for smooth communication. For comparison, we analyze which register has the highest frequency of speculative expressions and summarize the mainly used contexts. For convenient comparison, we classify the speculative expressions according to the strength of modality, and compare and analyze the speculative expressions belonging to the same degree. Since the pragmatic features is related to the semantic features, it will be helpful if the learners learn the semantic and pragmatic features of the speculative expressions. (Yonsei University)


This thesis explains Japan?s share of the blame for the Korean War. It examines the history of relations between Korea and Japan in general and further examines the Japanese influence on the division of the Korean peninsula, the polarization of Korean society, and the disruption of Korea?s internal development and economy.


The optical properties of a new promising nonlinear mixed AgGa{sub x}In{sub 1-x}Se{sub 2} crystal were investigated. Its absorption coefficients and refractive indices were determined at wavelengths 0.8 - 19 {mu}m. For the first time the coefficients of the Sellmeier dispersion equations were determined for different indium contents. The corresponding phase-matching diagrams for second-harmonic generation and an optical parametric oscillator pumped by a Er{sup 3+}:YAG laser were calculated and plotted. An experiment on the generation of the second harmonic of a TEA CO{sub 2} laser and a Q-switched laser was carried out and a frequency doubling efficiency of 10.9% was obtained. AgGaSe{sub 2} and ZnGeP{sub 2} crystals were also investigated for comparison. (nonlinear optical phenomena)


This study examines the relationship among locus of control (Rotter, 1966), perceived stress, and performance of 206 newly-hired juniors (106 males and 100 females) from two Big-Six accounting firms. The data indicate that the more internal the individual's locus of control, the more that individual perceived stress as leading to higher achievements. Positive perceptions of stress were also related to higher grade point averages.


n those states that impose property taxes on computer software, assessors and taxpayers face the difficult task of establishing whether particular types of software are assessable and, if so, the value of the software. The traditional cost, market-based, and income valuation methods frequently are inadeq u a t e t o a p p r a i s e s o f t w a r e because of a lack of cost data, comparable sales, or income that can be allocated among various products and projects. Given the lack of uniform treatment by assessors, taxpayers may be able


An instrument for the velocity of low flow liquid measurement is introduced that is used in the oil well. The designing and structure of the instrument sensor is well injected by the 2DCM magneto diode into the corrugated. The XTR104 compensating circuit and was designed in the intelligent measurement system .The experiment states that this method is available.


Service field, which includes four sub-areas: distribution, recycle, maintenance and advertisement, is regarded as the final contact point between products and customers. Human factors of supplier and demanders should be mainly handled at this field in the total product lifecycle. In this paper, we focused on two research themes, "Study on the audio-visual communication of product information in multimedia" and "An operational methodology in distribution, manufacturing system, supply chain management (SCM) and recycle flow management", as WP4 research activities in IMS (intelligent manufacturing system)-HUTOP (human sensory factors for total production life cycle) project. The first research is concerned with the sensing technology of the products so as to develop multimedia based one-to-one advertisement system. Supply chain management based on multi-agent paradigm is the main subject in the second research item.


The formation of adhesions is a significant clinical problem. Complications like bowel obstruction and chronic pelvic pain are known to be related to adhesion formation. Besides these complications, adhesions do play an additional role in the gynaecological patient. Interference with the functioning of the fallopian tubes and ovaries disturbs ovum pickup and sperm transport and may compromise the fertility of patients.


Clinical interpretation of the acute‐phase proteins—albumin, transferrin, and transthyretin—has been hampered by the lack of accurate and precise methods for quantifying the levels and a stable and respected reference material. Now that these issues have been addressed, the community is faced with the need for credible age‐ and gender‐specific reference values. The number of publications that address this issue, even for an analyte as familiar as albumin, is small and, in most cases, such publications lack the relevant data that would allow a combined experience to be created. We have identified 40 studies that meet our criteria: a description of the study participants' health status, of the statistical methodology, and of the laboratory technique and/or reference material used. Few of these studies reported values stratified by gender. A summary of the published median levels by age is presented for the three analytes, along with our own age‐ and gender‐specific medians based on a large cohort. Ten of the studies presented a 95 percent reference range, in close agreement with ours where selection was based upon reported diagnosis rather than upon determination of individual health status. This meta‐analysis provides support for the reliability of our recently published methodology and reference data for the clinical interpretation of individual albumin, transferrin, and transthyretin values. As with most laboratory measurements, clinical interpretation requires that other laboratory and clinical factors be considered. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 13:280–286, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The application of dynamic programming using an interative procedure, which employs domain contraction and accessible grid points for the state vector, is investigated for solving optimal control problems where the system is described by a set of difference equations. A model of a gas absorber with six state variables and two control variables is used to examine the feasibility of the proposed algorithm and to analyze the effects of the grid size and of the domain contraction factor. This algorithm yields rapid convergence to the optimum even when a relatively coarse grid with as few as 11 grid points is used.


According to problem that complex environment and power of flameproof diesel locomotive is deficient in under utmost hypoxia after catastrophe underground coal mine,this paper proposes a design idea of small armored vehicle,analyzes feasibility of gas cylinder aided for oxygen and allocation of oxygenic fuel additive,and detailed calculation of related parameters is calculated.Guidance is provided for design and development of armored vehicles used for detection and rescue after catastrophe underground coal mine.


This article presented a quantitative and friendly method to measure the thickness of plastic film rapidly from the Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectra of the film.Applying the law of Lambert-Beer,the working curve was set up by analyzing the characteristic peaks in the infrared spectra of the plastic films of different thickness.Then a rapid,accurate,and nondestructive experimental method to measure the thickness of a film(or the number of layers) was created.At last,the linear relationship between the absorbance of the plastic and its thickness(layers) had been verified.


In my undergraduate thesis there are various different definitions of the youth literature concept presented. Based on this we can behold, that the understanding of youth literature is not simple but very complex.
I have decided to write my thesis »Youth literature in the children's magazine Ciciban after the year 2000« because I find the topic very interesting and useful to research and analyse. Also in my opinion it would be a very good starting point for working in class with pupils, because my knowledge – being a class teacher - about the magazine could serve well as additional working material. Since the magazine »Ciciban« offers various contents, which I have come to know after doing a thorough analysis, I could use it as additional working material in all the classes, however in my thesis I focused primarily on narration and poetry.
As a researcher I was interested in what genres are represented in the before mentioned magazine, according to genres in youth literature to which extent poetry and narration are represented, what genres prevail in the magazine, which topics can be found in texts most often, are there more foreign authors then Slovenian or do texts of foreign/domestic origin dominate the magazine and could the magazine »Ciciban« be used as an additional teaching tool according to the curriculum.
In my thesis the genres of youth literature are presented and defined, accompanied by practical examples from the observed magazine »Ciciban«, which enables us to observe features of a certain literature genre.


An important phenomenon in supplychain management, known as the bullwhip effect, suggests that demand variabilityincreases as one moves up a supply chain. This paper gives a review of bullwhip effect, from its causes to its consequences and finally cures, which can dampen its negative effects. Part of its causes can be attributed to demand variability and the lack of communicating the actual demand between a supply chain partners. The other part is linked with obstacles to coordination in a supply chain.We suggest that orientation towards common management of information and application of managerial levers to achieve coordination, can limit the bullwhip effect and make asupply chain more profitable


In parallel to Shannon's sampling theorem, the recent theory of unlimited sampling yields that a bandlimited function with high dynamic range can be recovered exactly from oversampled, low dynamic range samples. In this way, the unlimited sampling methodology circumvents the dynamic range problem that limits the use of conventional analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) which are prone to clipping or saturation problem. The unlimited sampling theorem is made practicable by using a unique ADC architecture-the self-reset ADC or the SR-ADC-which resets voltage before clipping, thus producing modulo or wrapped samples. While retaining full dynamic range of the input signal, surprisingly, the sampling density prescribed by the unlimited sampling theorem is independent of the maximum recordable voltage of the new ADC and depends only on the signal bandwidth. As the corresponding problem of signal recovery from such modulo samples arises in various applications with different signal models, where the original result does not directly apply, the original paper continues to trigger research follow-ups. In this paper, we investigate the case of sampling and reconstruction of a mixture of $K$ sinusoids from such modulo samples. This problem is at the heart of spectral estimation theory and application areas include active sensing, ranging, source localization, interferometry and direction-of-arrival estimation. By relying on the SR-ADCs, we develop a method for recovery of $K$-sparse, sum-of-sinusoids from finitely many wrapped samples, thus avoiding clipping or saturation. As our signal model is completely characterized by $K$ pairs of amplitudes and frequencies, we obtain a parametric sampling theorem; we complement it with a recovery algorithm. Numerical demonstrations validate the effectivity of our approach.


We consider two eliiptic overdetermined boundary value problems. There are variants on J. Serrin's 1971 classical results and having the same conclusion that the domains should be forcibly Euclidean balls.


PARIS--
 European scientists have been on the front lines of the battle against AIDS from the very beginning and have scored some major hits in unraveling the disease, all the while working with just a fraction of the funding that their U.S. counterparts receive. Now even these modest sums are starting to shrink as one nation after another has cut its budget for AIDS research, leading a number of AIDS researchers to suggest that the European Union step in and fund a greater proportion of direct research costs.


Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, ICB alone has demonstrated only benefit in a small subset of patients with breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that agents targeting DNA damage response improve the efficacy of ICB and promote cytosolic DNA accumulation. However, recent clinical trials have shown that these agents are associated with hematological toxicities. More effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Methods Primary triple negative breast cancer tumors were stained for cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) using multiplex immunohistochemical staining. To increase cytosolic ssDNA, we genetically silenced TREX1. The role of tumor cytosolic ssDNA in promoting tumor immunogenicity and antitumor immune response was evaluated using murine breast cancer models. Results We found the tumorous cytosolic ssDNA is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte in patients with triple negative breast cancer. TREX1 deficiency triggered a STING-independent innate immune response via DDX3X. Cytosolic ssDNA accumulation in tumors due to TREX1 deletion is sufficient to drastically improve the efficacy of ICB. We further identified a cytosolic ssDNA inducer CEP-701, which sensitized breast tumors to ICB without the toxicities associated with inhibiting DNA damage response. Conclusions This work demonstrated that cytosolic ssDNA accumulation promotes breast cancer immunogenicity and may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of ICB with minimal toxicities.


Steven R. Kleeberger, MD, was named Chief of the Laboratory of Pulmonary Pathobiology at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in November 2001. He also directs the Environmental Genetics Group at NIEHS. Dr. Kleeberger's laboratory has combined state-of-theart methods in inhalation toxicology, pulmonary physiology, and molecular genetics to develop a number of models of genetic predisposition to inhaled agents, including acid-coated particles of nitrogen dioxide and ozone, as well as a murine model of genetic susceptibility to hyperoxia. His laboratory also focuses on gene-environment interaction and the pathogenesis of disease in human populations. His laboratory also participates in genetic analysis of asthma pathogenesis in a large population-based case-control study in Finland, with Dr. Jouni Jakkola; latex allergy in health care workers, with Dr. Robert Brown; and pneumoconiosis pathogenesis in a cohort of coal miners in France, with Drs. Rachel Nadif and Francine Kauffmann. His recent research efforts also have been directed at investigating the role of innate immunity gene polymorphisms in the determination of susceptibility to HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome progression in the NIHsponsored Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Dr. Kleeberger has served as a consultant with regard to susceptible subpopulations and airborne pollutants for the World Health Organization and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The overall goal of his research during the past 10 years has been to use positional cloning approaches in inbred mice to identify candidate genes that determine their susceptibility to environmental lung disease. Epidemiology studies have associated exposure to airborne oxidants and particles with increased mortality and morbidity in cities throughout the United States and in other industrialized countries. Particular concern has arisen about sensitive subgroups, such as children, people with asthma, and individuals with a genetic predisposition to susceptibility to environmental stressors. Understanding the genetic basis for interindividual variation in response to air pollutant exposure will clarify the mechanisms of host response and provide a means of identifying genetically susceptible individuals who may be at risk.


The paper presents and compares various unicast nonblocking architectures to be used into space-domain photonic switching networks. All the analyzed architectures have been evaluated and compared considering a possible physical implementation based on guided-wave structures realized with integrated optics technology. Some properties including number of switching elements required, blocking performance, number of waveguide crossovers, system attenuation, and signal-to-noise ratio are evaluated and analyzed. The main purpose of this work is to review the state-of-the-art of optical guided-wave space-switching architectures and to provide a relevant set of technical elements useful in the selection of architectures to be used in all-optical cross-connect implementation.


Objectives To study the effects of PROM on pregnant and infant. Methods The data of 2918 cases of pregnancy lying women were analyzed. Results The cases of PROM were 397, making up 13.6%. The frequency of infections were 14 cases, making up 3.53%, most of those were genital infection(34.2%). The rate of dystocin of PROM cases were 56%. The rate of infant infection were 3.02%, most of those were lower respiratory tract infection(52.13%). Conclusions PROM is high risk factors of pregnancy and infant infection.


The purpose of this paper is to clarify that it is difficult to achieve the goal of the Nuri-policy in the current dualized system of education and child care. The goal of the Nuri-policy is to provide equal education opportunity for young children to ensure a fair starting point for the lifetime an...


The paper attempts to cover, very briefly, the whole subject of the fluoridation of water supplies, to consider in some detail the methods by which fluorides are added to community water supplies, and to describe the operation of the fluroidation equipment recently installed by the Lower Hutt City Council at its Hutt Park pumping station.


Let Vn(x) be Jacobi polynomial with n order,Ln(f,x) be the Lagrange interpolation based on the zeros of polynomial(1+x)Vn(x).In this paper,we studied the problems of the simultaneous approximation of a function and its derivative by Lagrange interpolation polynomial.Be related to the estimated order of approximation and the approximation of the estimated derivative.


The activities of sodium, potassium, and hydrogen in the myoplasm of single muscle fibers from the giant barnacle were measured by cation-sensitive microelectrodes as the temperature of the bathing solution was increased from 7 to 40 °C. An irreversible shortening occurred in all fibers between 37 and 40 °C. When the fibers shortened in a sodium-free Ringer solution, the mean activity of sodium increased by 130%, the mean activity of potassium remained relatively constant, and the pH decreased from 7.17 to 6.77. The results have been interpreted as meaning that at 37–40 °C there was a disruption of the myofilaments and a release of associated sodium ions.


The association among extraction, emotion, and governance has received little attention in human and environmental geography and social science more generally. Extraction in authoritarian environments has long been studied regarding energy and extractive environments, with special attention to political ecological struggles and conflicts over rights and access to lands and critical resources. Yet little attention has been paid to how affect and emotions could shape the socioeconomic political and ecological aspects of extraction under authoritarian rule. Geographers have argued that emotions matter in making sense of place, politics, and environmental transformation for at least a decade, and it is now time to craft theoretical insights that examine emotional geographies of extraction, their politics, and their governance in ways that move toward deeper understanding of how affect and emotion are produced and mobilized in different kinds of extractive environments and under varying socioeconomic and political conditions. Thus, this article explores affect and emotion related to extractive environments in the Russian Federation with the aim of pushing emotional geographies—and extractive studies—forward in new, synergistic ways. Using discourse and content analysis, I explore the roles of affect and emotion in the production and reproduction of narratives about extraction in one post-Soviet and hybrid authoritarian-democratic regime. I argue that a tacitly endorsed, pervasive state emotional geography about extraction in an era of increasingly authoritarian rule acts to (re)create desire for continued pursuit of extraction by this energy superpower. Key Words: authoritarianism, extraction, hybrid regime, Russia, state emotion.


—Result diversification is an important aspect in web-based search, document summarization, facility location, portfolio management and other applications. Given a set of ranked results for a set of objects (e.g. web documents, facilities, etc.) with a distance between any pair, the goal is to select a subset S satisfying the following three criteria: (a) the subset S satisfies some constraint (e.g. bounded cardinality); (b) the subset contains results of high " quality " ; and (c) the subset contains results that are " diverse " relative to the distance measure. The goal of result diversification is to produce a diversified subset while maintaining high quality as much as possible. We study a broad class of problems where the distances are a metric, where the constraint is given by independence in a matroid, where quality is determined by a monotone submodular function, and diversity is defined as the sum of distances between objects in S. Our problem is a generalization of the max sum diversification problem studied in [1] which in turn is a generaliztion of the max sum p-dispersion problem studied extensively in location theory. It is NP-hard even with the triangle inequality. We propose two simple and natural algorithms: a greedy algorithm and a local search algorithm. We prove that both algorithms achieve performance guarantee constant approximation ratios.


In this paper we consider speech coding as a problem of speech modelling. In particular, prediction of parameterised speech over short time segments is performed using the Hierarchical Mixture of Experts (HME) (Jordan & Jacobs 1994). The HME gives two advantages over traditional non-linear function approximators such as the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP); a statistical understanding of the operation of the predictor and provision of information about the performance of the predictor in the form of likelihood information and local error bars. These two issues are examined on both toy and real world problems of regression and time series prediction. In the speech coding context, we extend the principle of combining local predictions via the HME to a Vector Quantization scheme in which fixed local codebooks are combined on-line for each observation.


As Elizabeth Dale illustrates, accusations of police torture are almost as old as the Chicago Police Department. And while Dale's legal training comes through in her extreme care not to overstate her case, the litany of abuse allegations and evidence that Dale enumerates leaves little doubt that torture of various forms was an integral part of police practice for the century that she examines. And Dale's conclusion that the practice of torture has been shaped by the racial and class context in which the Chicago police operated should come as no surprise. Dale uses Robert Nixon's conviction as a case study to examine the intersection of race, class, police torture, and the law. Nixon's was the case on which Richard Wright based his novel, Native Son, and Dale offers a new critique of Wright—his novel takes the case at face value and ignores Nixon's insistence that he was innocent and confessed under torture, a claim that Dale clearly finds believable. The core of this book is Dale's detailed reconstruction of the murder of Florence Johnson; the arrest of Robert Nixon and Earl Hicks for the murder; and Nixon's subsequent prosecution, conviction, appeals, and eventual execution by the state of Illinois on June 15, 1939, when he was just nineteen years old. This examination is finely detailed, and Dale pokes numerous holes in the prosecution's case. For instance, the main witness to the crime, Johnson's sister Margaret Whitton, claimed she saw a man with brown skin in her house, but Nixon was very dark skinned. More broadly, she shows how the prosecution was able to get the judge and jury to discount Nixon's claims of torture by identifying him as a threatening other, using racist tropes and playing on the fears of urban disorder heightened by labor disorder, racial tensions, and the large numbers of men, like Nixon, who lacked regular employment in the 1930s. Dale places Nixon's case in the broader context of police torture, showing how accusations of police torture both preand post-dated Nixon's case. These accusations changed in form, from keeping prisoners in small, enclosed sweat-boxes for extended periods of time in the late nineteenth century to threatening to drop suspects out of windows and beating them with rubber hoses later on. Dale shows how the accusations of torture reported in the newspapers were remarkably consistent from one suspect to the next. Most of the time, the police were able to dismiss the accusations as they did with Nixon, by painting the suspects as dangerous criminals whose word could not be believed. But the sheer numbers of similar accusations and the inconsistencies in police defenses of their practices lead Dale to conclude that torture was indeed integral to policing. Her balanced tone, the weight of evidence she assembles, and the logical way in which she lays out her Reviews 643


The karyotypes of Monochamus alternatus Hope and Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky were studied.According to the optimum conditions and the best material for each species of long-horn beetle,we made and examined the slide specimens of chromosomes.The best material for M.alternatus was testis or ovary of 7 d pupae.The chromosomal number was 2n=20.The sex-determining mechanism was Xyp.The chromosome was composed of 5 pairs of large autosomes,4 pairs of middle autosomes and 1 pair of sex-chromosomes.The sex-chromosomes were middle-sized and situated in the last among all chromosomes.The genome-style was 5L+4M+Xyp.The best material for A.glabripennis was testis or ovary in the newly emerged adults,and its chromosomal number was 2n=20.The sex-determining mechanism was Xyp.The chromosome was composed of 6 pairs of large autosomes,3 pairs of middle autosomes and 1 pair of sex-chromosomes.The sex-chromosomes were middle-sized and situated in the last among all chromosomes.The genome-style was 6L+3M+Xyp.


The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the connection between the general Latin aspects of some didactic documents of the postalphonsine period and the translation mechanisms from Latin into medieval Castilian. Following Margherita Morreale's suggestions, we examine lexical parallelism as an expression of the intercrossed linguistic systems, covering, from the translation's perspective, a significant optional variety, from plain error to the organised search of a specific functional status in the Castilian domain. We try to point out that the simultaneous occurrence of the inherited and transliterated forms reflects not only the pressure of the formal Latin model, but also, primarily, a tendency to preserve the register characteristics of the Latin original. A new type of creative attitude emerges as a conclusion to the study of lexical variants during this period, different from Alphonse X's normative aims as well as from the exclusive Latin like lexical solutions adopted by the humanistic authors of the XV-th century.


Doctors don't worry whether they will continue to have jobs. No matter how successful they may be, illness, disease, pain, and suffering will continue. Medical publishers, in contrast, fret about the future. The people who make their living in the space between authors and readers—that is, editors, publishers, librarians, and various other more mysterious types—may all be rendered redundant as authors go directly to readers courtesy of the world wide web. One defence we have is peer review, but it's a poor, shivering beast—albeit a holy one. Another defence is to "add value," and this is one reason why we …


The increase numbers of smartphones worldwide led to the prevalance of many mobile health applications (M-Health). Many health applications are available now. The problem with most of these applications is that it doesn't use any proper standards for exchanging medical information across different medias. In this paper we propose a complete dual PortablePersonal health record (PPHR) which uses a standard format that is continuity of care records (CCR) to tranmist medical information.Using CCR standards. This will solve interpoerability issue if we decide to send data to any clinic's or hospital's database. In addition the system will utilise the usage of mobile Networks and Wi-Fi to send those data, which can improve the availability of the service in rural areas that may lack Internet coverage.


To simplify the system design, a 32-channel current Input multiplexing scanning Camac ADC with wide dynamic range called TRAC-32 has been designed. The multiplexing feature has the obvious advantage of cost saving. The auto-ranging feature eliminates the requirement to design a control interface and problems associated with over or under-ranging. Therefore, accurate current readings from the different devices are always available and are used for software safety trip generation as well as for display purposes. The MN5420 Hybrid Floating Point ADC The MN5420 Hybrid ADC converts a signal with autoranging in less than 4 microseconds. The worst noise performance of the hybrid is at the highest gain range of 19.5 mV full scale where the input noise is around 60 uVrms, or 0.3% of the full scale. The signal to noise ratio is 42.9 db where the noise is less than 1% of the signal. It utilises a pipeline conversion technique. Output data becomes valid during the subsequent conversion cycle.


At the beginning of September, Petain, agreeing with most Allied political and military leaders, thought that Germany had the capacity to continue the war into 1919 even if the Allies breached the Hindenburg Line. French intelligence identified a series of new German defensive positions still to be overrun. And the arrival of winter might give the exhausted German Army a respite to rest and reinforce its spent divisions. On September 8, the French commander-in-chief wrote the following: "When the battle commences again in 1919 our adversary undoubtedly will be established behind a strongly fortified front, abundantly supplied with means of defending against tanks and covered by a deep zone of advance posts or by lines of water." American manpower made Petain confident of ultimate victory but he placed even greater emphasis on the growing material disparity between the opposing armies. "The battle of 1919," he predicted, "will be a battle of aviation and tanks." With Allied forces maintaining the offensive initiative, however, September turned out to be a calamitous month for Germany's military fortunes. Berlin had begun the month with more than 2.5 million men in uniform and all of its allies still in the war. Gray-clad infantry occupied more French and Russian territory than they had during the previous September and possessed the strongest defensive system on the Western Front, which remained intact. But setback followed setback, and Ludendorff's darkening mood mirrored the bleak prospects facing German soldiers by the end of the month.


Our paper intends to contribute to the restructuring literature by examining the underexplored psychological impact (i.e., the endowment effect) in CEOs' decision making during corporate divestitur...


Background and Purpose: Many psychotherapeutic drugs including
clozapine have a polypharmacological profile and act on
GABA receptors, where subtype-specific information is
often lacking. Patients with schizophrenia show alterations in function,
structure and molecular composition of the hippocampus, and a recent
study demonstrated aberrant levels of hippocampal α5 subunit containing
GABA receptors. Experimental Approach:
Functional studies of GABA modulatory effects by antipsychotic and
antidepressant medications were performed in several
GABA receptor subtypes by two‐electrode voltage‐clamp
electrophysiology using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Computational
structural analysis was employed to design mutated constructs of the α5
subunit, probing a novel binding site. Computational ligand analysis
complemented the functional and mutational data. Key Results:
We show that the antipsychotic drugs clozapine and chlorpromazine have
negative modulatory effects on multiple GABA receptor
subtypes, including α5-containing. On the latter we show negative
modulatory effects for five additional antipsychotic and antidepressant
drugs. Based on a chlorpromazine binding site observed in a GABA-gated
bacterial homologue, we identified a novel site in α5
GABA receptor subunits. Conclusion and
Implications: Our findings support previous studies suggesting a link
between some of the therapeutic effects of clozapine and its negative
modulatory action on certain GABA receptor subtypes.
The novel site we describe in this study is a new potential target for
optimizing antipsychotic medications with beneficial polypharmacology.


The present study focuses on self-worth protective students who strategically withdraw effort in situations which forebode failure and thereby damage to self-worth. Self-worth protection scale by was administered to identify the self-worth protective students. The sample of the study consisted of 40 students of XI standard, out of which 40 were detected as self-worth protective students. A 2 (Self-worth protection: high and low) x 2(Feedback: face saving and non-face saving) x 2 (Gender: male and female) factorial design was used. Results showed the significant impact of different levels of self-worth protection, gender and feedback conditions on the time taken and number of successful completions in solving the line drawing task.


The generation of acoustic waves by a harmonic electric current sheet in a conducting medium permeated by a weak static magnetic field is investigated. For a current sheet of 1 A/m, a time‐averaged acoustic power flow per unit area normal to the direction of travel of the wave of 2×10−16 W/m2 is generated in seawater. A possible source of these current‐generated acoustic signals is lightning. Because of the very large peak currents involved (∠20 kA), lightning striking the sea appears likely to be a strong source of transient acoustic signals in the lower ELF range (5–50 Hz).


With the ethanol production expansion in Brazil, there was an increase in the production of vinasse, an effluent from sugar and alcohol industry, which under certain conditions can be used for fertirrigation of sugarcane crops. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of vinasse applied in the period from 2012 to 2017, considering the chemical and mineralogical properties of the soil of a farm located in Santa Cruz das Palmeiras-SP, Brazil. From the results obtained, it was possible to observe that in 2014, which was the year of highest calculation of vinasse dosage, low fertility conditions occurred with high concentrations of H+Al and total CEC. The temporal analysis of one of the farm fields exposed that, in controlled doses, the application of vinasse can improve soil fertility and promote the reduction of acidity and aluminum toxicity. The granulometric and mineralogical tests characterize the studied soil as a sandy soil with high concentrations of silicates and oxides of iron and aluminum. The research evaluated the possibility of leaching of base cations and concentration of H+Al in rainy periods, while moisture and macronutrients would be replaced with fertirrigation in dry periods.


The gap between the requirements on water quality management in Marine Nature Reserves and the actual situation means a great many difficulties in management. Using Marine Nature Reserves in Fujian Province as an example, this article discusses the problems of water quality management and their causes, and proposes the countermeasures.


Endoscopic intranasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with silicone intubation has been evaluated as a primary treatment of lacrimal obstruction in 30 patients and for revision of conventional DCRs in 4 patients. Lacrimal obstruction was completely relieved in 28 (93.3%) of 30 primary procedure patients, and in three of four previously operated patients after a mean follow-up of 18 months. No intraoperative complications were observed. The average period of time of silicone tube intubation was 2 months. Intranasal endoscopic DCR with silicone intubation is an effective method in treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstructions and should also be considered in patients with recurrent epiphora after external DCR.


BACKGROUND: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is a disease of developing countries where it inflects significant burden dis-proportionality. We investigated the role of socio-economic and environmental risk factors for RHD. METHODS:· This was descriptive cross-sectional conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad by including the patients coming to cardiology out door patient department through convenient sampling technique. Study was approved from ethical committee of Pakistan institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad and written consent was taken prior to start the interview. RESULTS: In this study, the average age of patient with rheumatic heart disease was 29.4 years, male predominance of patients was observed. 67% of subjects had income below Rs. 20,000. Average BMI of subjects was 22.4±4.04. It was observed that 75.25 % of people lived in houses with an area of less than 5 marla. Average area of house was found to be 5.12±2.8 marla. Overcrowding was noticed in 60.8 % of the subjects. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of RHD and Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) in Pakistan. The major findings of this study were that Overcrowding, poor hygienic conditions, low socio-economic status, are major risk factors for RHD. In order to address this alarming situation, platforms like Pakistan Pediatric Cardiac Society and Pakistan Pediatric Association need to be mobilized for health promotion regarding awareness of the disease.


When first approached about being a guest editor for this special edition, I had several distinct and separate thoughts. In the final analysis, I felt we should be focused on the present and the future, without disregarding the past. It was impossible to recruit all of the wonderful scholars in the field because of the restriction of page numbers for this issue. However, I am pleased that those who agreed to help with this 40th Anniversary Issue of The Journal of Environmental Education are ones who definitely have something to say. Further, it is my hope that the articles comprising this issue can be summarized in some meaningful way to guide both the thinking and practice in the field of EE. I have long been a vocal critic of many of the aspects of environmental education. I have tried, at the same time, to be a staunch advocate for the field. This particular writing may well bring out both of those roles.


Commentary on: Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R, et al.Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2013;(5):CD009329.

If current trends continue, tobacco use will cause one billion premature deaths globally this century.1 Predominantly in the form of cigarettes, smoking causes 12% of male and 6% female deaths around the world annually.2 Preventing tobacco-related diseases in cigarette smokers commonly requires treatment; and pharmacotherapy is a cornerstone of therapy. Several pharmacotherapies are currently available and others have been evaluated and abandoned. Understanding their comparative efficacies and risks will help guide treatment, policy and future research.

Cahill and colleagues searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) from inception through to November 2012. Cochrane systematic reviews include only randomised clinical trials. The quality was assessed using standardised methodologies. Network meta-analyses were conducted, which use information across all available comparisons …


Focusing on the issue that the clustering accuracy rate and recall rate are difficult to balance in traditional text clustering algorithms, a clustering approach based on the R-Grams text similarity computing algorithm was proposed. Firstly,the clustered documents were sorted in descending order; secondly, the symbolic documents were identified and then initial clustering results were achieved by using an R-Grams-based similarity computing algorithm; finally, the final clustering results were completed by combining the initial clustering. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can flexibly regulate the clustering results by adjusting the clustering threshold parameter to satisfy different demands and the optimal parameter is about 15. With the increasing of the clustering threshold, the clustering accuracies increase, and the recalls increase at first, then decrease. In addition, the approach is free from time-consuming processing procedures such as word segmentation and feature extraction and can be easily implemented.


In the present work, using the hadron clustering algorithm, we have determined the mass of π0 mesons with excellent accuracy by restoring data of the neutral particles which are produced in the collisions of carbons and propane. It has observed that the value of cut parameter for the clustering depends on the primary energies. We have studied hadron cluster's and its particle multiplicities, longitudinal rapidity, transverse momentum and the temperature feature of cluster decay. In the central region of the interaction, there is a cluster with high temperature produced by the collision process.


Abstract : Using the integral iteration method, theoretical results are obtained for aerodynamic drag and heat transfer in the nearly free molecular regime. The geometries considered are: circular cylinders, inclined flat plates, and wedges, all two dimensional. Perturbation to the free molecular results are obtained correct to order (1/Kn) ln Kn only (Kn is the Knudsen number). The free stream speed ratio is greater than two and the body temperatures range from free stream to recovery. The results are similar to those obtained previously for a normal flat strip, except that for small angle wedges and flat strips at small angles of attack, the drag coefficient is predicted to exceed the free molecular value. (Author)


§ 1. This title covers a group of documents differing widely in length and not a little in character, but possessing a substantive uniformity. Some of them are brief recipes for magical processes or exorcisms, others are collections of such recipes together with more ambitious invocations and methods of securing control over supernatural forces. Many of these papyri were edited in a collective form by Wessely in 1888 and 1893, a pioneer work which has rendered great service to study; the London texts were republished with an addition by Sir Frederic Kenyon, and the Oslo texts were produced by Eitrem four years ago with an English translation and an excellent commentary. We have now from Preisendanz the first volume of an edition which bids fair to be the standard for many years*. In the nature of things it cannot be definitive; but it represents a very real advance, and it should enable much more study to be devoted to these texts than has been hitherto given to them. Dieterich, to whom the idea of this Corpus is due, his friend Wiinsch, who carried on his work, and Reitzenstein, who is happily still with us and still active, have taught us how important they are for a proper understanding of the religious history of the Empire. The new Corpus, with its translation facing the Greek and its brief but valuable notes, Eitrem's commentary, and Th. Hopfner's admirable and exhaustive Griechisch-Agyptische Offenbarungszauber should make the papyri much more accessible. May the new Corpus receive such financial support as will ensure its speedy completion 1 § 2. Some of the short texts giving single recipes are on palaeographical grounds placed as early as the second century of our era*: the substantial magical books fall on the same grounds between the late third and the fifth, and the presence in them not merely of Coptic passages but of at least one misunderstanding of a Coptic word* confirms this date. We know of an extensive destruction of magical books and persecution of their possessors under Diocletian, but such action is seldom completely successful: it might be thought


One of the rapidly growing wastes worldwide is electronic waste (e-waste). With the exponential growth in demand for electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), in Pakistan, on average, 390 kilotons (kt) of e-waste is generated yearly. Our study focuses on consumers' (1) awareness of e-waste, (2) spending on EEE, (3) disposal of e-waste, and (4) participation toward e-waste management. We surveyed almost 550 individuals in Pakistan and used regression models for analysis. We find that 68.80% of the population is unaware of e-waste. Individuals between 18 and 32 years discard their e-waste at home. Our results are generalizable to similar developing country contexts.


Objective To study the relationship between TOAST subtypes of ischemic stroke and prognosis.Methods 1 019 patients(630 males and 389 females) with acute ischemic stroke(IS) aged between 21 to 94 yrs hospitalized in a special neurological hospital in Tianjin were collected during Jan.,2007 to May 2008.All patients were divided into 5 subtypes based on the TOAST clinical classification.The neurological functions of patients at 24 hours and at 1 year after onset were evaluated by NIHSS scale and modified Rankin scale.The incidence of unfavorable prognosis,recurrence and mortality rate in all subtypes were assessed.Results In our study,the incidence of IS in men was significantly higher than that in women,and the average age of female patients was older than that of the male ones.Stroke subtypes included large artery atherosclerosis(67.6%),small artery occlusive disease(20.4%),cardioembolism(7.0%),other vascular disorders(1.2%),and undetermined cause(3.8%).Patients with cardioembolism had the most severe neurological impairment in all subtypes and its NIHSS scale was the highest(15.82±9.56).At the end of 1 year follow-up,patients with small artery occlusive disease were found having a poor prognosis,higher recurrence and mortality rate,compared with those in patients with cardioembolism(7.96% vs 50.70%,15.8% vs 33.3%,2.88% vs 36.62%).Conclusion The clinical outcomes caused by cardioembolism are the worest.The prognosis of patients with small artery occlusive disease was the best.SAO subtype is regard as the independent predictive factor for patients'prognosis.


We obtain an arithmetic expression of the Selberg zeta function for cocompact Fuchsian group defined via an indefinite division quaternion algebra over Q. As application to the prime geodesic theorem, we prove certain uniformity of the distribution.


Author Institution: Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375; School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078


Dermal fillers are an efficacious option for treating age‐related volume deficiency, as well as scars and wrinkles. Additionally, they are useful for facial sculpting and contouring, and to augment anatomical structures such as the lips.


Ontario Government, Society of Canadian Ornithologists, Bird Studies Canada, Wildlife Conservation Society of Canada, W. Garfield Weston Foundation, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry


A series of novel pro-pesticides with the activity of both 1,3,4-thiadiazole and chrysanthemic acid were synthesised using phenyldichlorophosphate catalysis. These 1,3,4-thiadiazole chrysanthemamides were identified by IR, 1H NMR and elemental analyses.


: To understand climate is a pre-requisite for energy efficient to optimize natural energies creating comfortable living conditions without use of sophisticated mechanical devices. Most buildings in the past were constructed consistent with climate. However, a rigorous climate analysis is necessary. This analysis must contain precise information regarding climate. Detailed research about climate may give directions in building design as its building shapes, location, orientation and the use of appropriate building materials. For this study, long term averages of temperature, humidity, rainfall, sky condition data are retrieved from the website of the Bureau of Meteorology, Bal kesir, Turkey. To this end, in this study, climate data sheets, Mahoney tables and Building Bioclimatic chart to formulate strategies have been used for building design. This paper defines climatic characteristics that are an integral part of building orientation of Ayval k settlement, in Bal kesir, Turkey.


Results of the investigations of the turn of meander microstrip delay line in the frequency domain are presented. Computational and full-scale experiments were used as the methods for investigation. Firstly, the results of the preliminary optimization of the geometrical parameters of the turn for the matching with measuring channel are presented. Secondly, the simulation of the frequency dependence of the transmission coefficient module for four turns with the different separations of 300, 250, 200, 150 μm is executed. The simulation is carried out with and without losses in conductors and dielectric. Accounting of losses substantially (of 5–7%) increases the width of passband of the turn and moves all resonances to the higher frequencies. The acceptable consistency of the simulation and experimental results is obtained. It is revealed that the manufactured models have lower passband (equal 1.15 GHz). Possible causes of the difference between full-scale and simulation experiments are determined.


This article discusses the life, career and work of Aniela Gruszecka. The author attempts to characterize her writing career after 1945, highlighting its successful turns. According to the author the fact that Gruszecka was married to the famous linguist Kazimierz Nitsch may have had an impact on her work. While the criticism addresses mainly the most famous work by this long forgotten writer – Przygoda w nieznanym kraju, the author of the article analyzes two unpublished novels – Wschodnie skrzydło and Geografia serdeczna.


Autoimmune pancreatitis should be differentiated from pancreatobiliary cancers because they often have similar clinical features and images. Accurate and practical diagnostic algorithm for AIP is important to avoid unnecessary surgery and delayed treatment. International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for AIP suggested that diagnostic algorithms and the practical patterns considerably vary worldwide. Patients with clinically suspected AIP can be categorized into patients with typical features of AIP and patients with indeterminate features based on CT findings. Serology and other organ involvement can be used as collateral evidence of AIP. If a patient presents with diffuse pancreatic enlargement but is lack of collateral evidence, pancreatogram could be useful. If a patient has obstructive jaundice, biliary drainage and endobiliary biopsy are recommended. Duodenal papillary biopsy for IgG4 immunostain can be used during ERCP. In case of atypical imaging findings, EUS-guided FNA/biopsy is recommended to exclude pancreatic cancer and to obtain the suggestive findings of AIP. If type 2 is clinically suspected, EUS-guided core biopsy is required for the definite diagnosis. Short-term steroid trial can be performed to confirm the diagnosis of AIP when pancreatobiliary cancer workup shows negative results. However, clinical practice in diagnosing AIP varies depending on the local expertise, facilities, cost, prevalence of AIP and its subtypes. Korean J Pancreatobiliary 2014;19(1):7-12


The principle of fault dating by the surface textures of quartz grains from fault gouges is introduced in this paper. The problem of obtainig different ages through dating by the thermoluminescence(TL) method for the same fault and the disputation of fault activity in the area of Run-Yang bridge foundation have been solved by the method presented in the paper. This study provides a geological basis for the activity evaluation of major faults and the assessment of site stability as well as the rational design of the oversize bridge built on the fault zone. And this study will be also valuable for the fault dating of large-scale engineering projects.


Academics and scientists in Turkey say that former head of Turkey9s Council of Higher Education Kemal Guruz—a fierce advocate of insulating Turkish education from Islamist influence—has been targeted as part of an ongoing campaign by Turkey9s conservative government, which has imprisoned hundreds of progressive military officials, scholars, and journalists. Many are now being tried on charges of having worked for an allegedly terrorist organization called Ergenekon that the government claims is conspiring to destabilize the country. Guruz9s arrest last week pertains to an inquiry into what9s known as the "postmodern coup" of 1997. That year, the military forced a conservative regime to limit religious influence in public life and a few months later pushed the regime out of office.


This report is a compilation of four papers presented at the 1980 Radiation Shielding Information Center Montr. Carlo Seminar in Oak Ridge. The papers describe the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Monte Carlo group (X-6), its code MCNP, and some applications of MCNP.


This study is the agricultural product logistics operational mode, and the logistics mode of China's agricultural products has been summarized in this paper. It focused on the logistics mode of agricultural goods in Zhejiang province of East China. The paper used clustering analysis and operations research methods to optimize the existing logistics model. On this basis, the paper has combined with the organization theory of network, and used relative software to analyze logistics data about various regions in Zhejiang province. Finally, the paper has proposed the optimal logistics model of agricultural products in Zhejiang province.


The aims of this project were to investigate the diseases present in Australian amphibians and to determine the cause of the mass mortalities in wild frogs in Queensland that had resulted in population declines.

Initially diagnostic pathology methods were used to examine endangered frogs collected from a mass die-off in north Queensland, as well as to survey other frogs for disease. The survey was achieved using a collaborative approach involving herpetologists, ecologists and other scientists around Australia who submitted sick and dead frogs for testing. Epidermal infections of a new species of chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, were consistently found in frogs during mass mortalities in the wild and in captivity, including some of the last individuals of Taudactylus acutirostris. Detailed investigations of this pathogen included experimental transmissions, pathology, studies on the distribution in adults and tadpoles, epidemiology, and examination of the morphology and lifecycle. Further work was aimed at developing diagnostic tests, and treatment and disinfection protocols.

A wide range of diseases were diagnosed in frogs submitted for the disease survey, including those caused by Mucor amphibiorum, Spirometra erinacei, Aphanomyces sp., Chlamydia pneumoniae, and neoplasms. Vacuolating and ulcerative dermatoses also occurred but the aetiology was not determined. However, the only disease that was common and had an obvious impact on the abundance of frogs was chytridiomycosis, which accounted for the deaths of 56.5% of frogs submitted.

B. dendrobatidis was found to be widespread across Australia with a broad host range, and caused disease in 35 native Myobatrachid and Hylid species as well as the Bufonid, Bufo marinus. The incidence of chytridiomycosis showed a distinct seasonal effect with most frogs dying in winter. Most infected frogs were submitted from Queensland and New South Wales, with less from Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. Large outbreaks occurred regularly in Litoria caerulea around Brisbane. Diseased frogs were from a variety of habitats at high and low altitudes.

Sporangia of B. dendrobatidis grow within cells of the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. As the fungus matures it is carried outwards with the epidermal cell. The entire contents of sporangia cleave into flagellated zoospores that are released from discharge tubes which protrude through the skin surface. Chytridiomycosis occurs as an extensive infection of the ventral skin and feet resulting in hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, erosions, focal necrosis, and occasional ulceration of the epidermis, with minimal inflammation in the skin. Ultrastructural pathology demonstrated that infection of the epidermis stimulated an increased turnover of epidermal cells leading to hyperplasia.

Initially disease was transmitted experimentally by exposing frogs to infected skin scrapings, and then once pure cultures of B. dendrobatidis were established, frogs were exposed to zoospores. Experimental infections in Mixophyes fasciolatus and L. caerulea at between 17°C and 24°C resulted in 100% mortality. Deaths (or terminal illness requiring euthanasia) occurred 9 - 76 days after exposure to the fungus, with most frogs dying between 18 and 48 days. Doses as low as 100 zoospores resulted in the death of 3/3 M. fasciolatus, while 3 frogs each given 10 zoospores did not succumb. At 27°C, 4/8 experimentally infected M. fasciolatus died while the rest remained healthy. Infection was confirmed in 3 of these, but was eliminated by 98 days. Attempts to infect Bufo marinus and Limnodynastes peronii were not successful.

Healthy tadpoles could apparently carry infections in their mouthparts from soon after hatching until metamorphic climax when sporangia were rapidly redistributed to the skin of the body as the beaks were shed. The infected metamorphs died at about 2 – 3 weeks old. The distribution of sporangia in tadpoles and metamorphs during development followed the changes in the distribution of keratin.

Accurate testing of sick frogs was achieved using histology or examination of skin scrapings. Histological examination of toe-clips was useful for ante mortem testing of healthy frogs, but was found to have low sensitivity (52.7%). Polyclonal antibodies were generated to B. dendrobatidis by inoculating rabbits and sheep. Although these antibodies cross-reacted with other chytridiomycetes, they were used in an immunoperoxidase test that increased sensitivity of diagnosis (61.8%) and ease of interpretation.

A wide range of antifungal drugs and compounds were effective against B. dendrobatidis in vitro, but when fluconazole and benzalkonium chloride were selected for testing in an animal trial they were found to be ineffective for treating infected frogs. Sporangia and zoospores were sensitive to three common disinfectants when used at routine levels - 70% ethanol, 0.1 % benzalkonium chloride and 0.1 % Virkon. Cultures were also killed by drying for an hour, and by incubating at temperatures at 32°C or above.

Chytridiomycosis is a highly pathogenic emerging infectious disease that has caused mass mortality of wild frogs leading to population declines and extinctions in protected montane rainforest areas. The most plausible explanation for the extreme susceptibility of some amphibian species giving rise to unsustainably high mortality rates is that they have not co-evolved with this pathogen, and that B. dendrobatidis was introduced to Australia and has spread through a naive population.


Introduction:
 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heritable disease of heart muscle associated with increased risk of heart failure and sudden death. Mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins are commonly associated with HCM. However, the mechanisms by which these mutations lead to molecular, cellular and organ-level pathophysiology are uncertain, partly because of the lack of model systems amenable to integrated translational studies.

 Methods:
 Using homologous recombination and somatic cell nuclear transfer, we generated Yucatan minipigs with a heterozygous knock-in of the R403Q mutation in
 MYH7
 , a well-characterized human HCM mutation. We conducted deep phenotyping with biomechanical studies of myocardial tissue samples, circulating biomarker analysis, cardiac imaging and histologic and multi-omic analysis of LV biopsy samples.

 Results:
 We followed a cohort of 22 R403Q pigs and 6 WT herdmates. Juvenile animals (3 months) showed early signs of HCM with elevated serum troponin I, increased myocardial contractility in muscle fibers and hearts and interstitial fibrosis and myocyte disarray. At late adolescence (9 months), disarray and fibrosis had progressed, but contractility had normalized with some pigs progressing to systolic dysfunction. Across the cohort, end-diastolic pressure was increased with evidence of diastolic dysfunction and elevation in B-type natriuretic peptide. Transcriptomic analysis at both 3 and 9 months showed dysregulation of metabolic modules and an upregulation of pro-fibrotic pathways. By one year of age, 11 of 22 R403Q pigs had suffered sudden cardiac death, whereas all wildtype pigs survived.

 Conclusions:
 We have developed the first large-animal genetic model of HCM. Young pigs with the
 MYH7
 R403Q mutation show functional and histologic features of the preclinical human phenotype, and late adolescent animals have signs of advanced disease with an increased rate of sudden cardiac death. These data suggest that our minipig model may yield insights throughout the natural history of HCM from preclinical to end-stage disease. This model will thus be invaluable for advancing understanding of HCM and for the development of novel therapeutics.


Punch cards and their tabulating machines are presumed to be the first data processing technologiesin history. Punch card systems were also used for medical records in the second half ofthe 20th century. To date, they have received little attention in medical history. The followingpaper aims to reconstruct the object-based history of an accidental discovery in the context ofout-of-home care child and youth psychiatry. The track leads from the children's observationward in Innsbruck to the Hans Zulliger ward in Berlin. The specific punch card is presentedas an early data processing instrument facilitating knowledge building in the framework ofthe research of neglect as well as a crucial point for the beginning of the protests against therestrictive out-of-home care policies (Heimkampagne) in Berlin in 1970.


Yingchuan's SAPS Life reveals in the information times,the metropolitan's morbid psychology and reflects their variety of love.From the perspectives of present con -dition of society and psychological analysis,the writer of this paper tries to make some profound comment upon this work.


Industrial production practice, involving materials, capacity and output, variety kinds and quality of product, production processes and equipments, technical and economical indexes, and disposal of three wastes, of a rare earth manufacturing plant was described.


Great attention has been shown to the question of salaried system of local assembly man. Therefore, it would be interesting to see that we discuss how to do it. Argument for and against this matter takes on fire at the present time. I think that salaried system would seem to base on the local assembly of Korea, while we are looking circumstance of local self-government. In turn, my aim is to provide an alternative for salaried system through investing conditions of Korea and foreign country case. As a result, I suppose that as experienced by fourth's election in local assembly, we must be awakened to timing of institution change. It will be duly good that transfer of salaried system leads local assembly to specialization, competence and ordinary times in the legislature activities. It is hoped that this paper will lay the foundation for future work on salaried system of local assembly man.


1Introduction One of the ways of energy absorption during an impact is the use of energy absorbents. These absorbents show different deformations dependent on geometry and loading conditions but plastic deformations in all of them cause kinetic energy dissipation resulting from the impact. Dynamic progressive buckling is one of the common energy absorption methods in thin-walled energy absorbents under impact. In thick-walled energy absorbents where the ratio of thickness (h) to medium level radius (R) is higher than 0.05, the structure damage results from folding and sheet rupture. The reason is the high thickness of sheet in these absorbents. Increase of sheet thickness enhances resistance of energy absorbent and phenomenon of progressive buckling does not occur in these absorbents. Consider that the dimensions of the crash element of Siemens ER24PC locomotive are such that it is regarded as thick-walled energy absorbent. Therefore, rupture of the sheet causes destruction during collision. Then, it is necessary to use damage models for prediction of rupture for accurate modeling of the destruction process of this crash element under impact. In this paper, three damage models i.e. Johnson – Cook, GTN and Modified Rousselier damage models have been examined for estimation of damage in testing collision of crush element of Siemens ER24PC locomotive. First, the beginning of damage (for each one of these models) is described and then the necessary information for entering these damage criteria in Abaqus software is explained. By comparing results of modeling with different damage criteria with results of laboratory test, suitable damage criteria have been specified. Also, the desirable damage model is verified by using ECE R66 standard. Finally, in order to improve the energy absorption capacity metallic foam is used as a filler in the energy absorber element. Through comparing the energy absorption behavior of foam filled crushing element with the non-filled element the foam performance in the crushing element has been evaluated.


TO THE EDITOR: Failure to build regression models appropriately may lead to misleading inferences [1]. A recent letter by Palmas and colleagues [2] furnishes a good example of what may be called the tip of an iceberg. This problem can be divided into three major categories. First, some reports do not include enough information to allow the reader to fully assess the logistic model applied. This category encompasses all reports that include odds ratios and confidence intervals but lack information about the sample size or the statistical power of the model, making it unclear whether there is a true absence of an association or insufficient power to detect one. The second category comprises those reports in which the goodness of fit of the model is not assessed and one is unable to determine how well the model describes the data. The third category consists of those reports that give ample statistical nuances about the model but lack a clear research hypothesis. The authors focus on including a number of variables in the model and not on whether including them as covariates makes reasonable biologic sense. The inclusion of a covariate unrelated to the outcome variable or the omission of an important covariate modifies the regression coefficients, thus biasing the odds ratio estimates. Regression procedures are simply the means for analysis, not the end of an investigation. Given the large number of papers submitted for publication and the limited journal space, editors must make difficult decisions concerning what kind of information about the regression models should be included and what should be excluded and made available on request. It would be useful if clear-cut publication criteria for generalized linear models were included in forthcoming statistical guidelines for contributors to medical journals.


Writing performance competence is not a process in which teachers transmit knowledge to students, but one in which students construct their writing performance competence on their own initiative. This article proposes a novel approach to the investigation of student writing ability. It applies theories of Cognitivism, Constructivism, metacognition, and self-regulated learning to understand how beginning writers develop the ability to participate in the communicative practices of academic written communication and develop rhetorical consciousness. This paper advocates both teaching with metacognition and teaching for metacognition. To teach with metacognition, an EFL writing instructor should reflect upon his or her own teaching, and possess both metacognitive strategic knowledge and executive management strategies. When instructors teach for metacognition, students can learn about what the strategies are, how to use the strategies, when and why to apply the strategies, and as a result, learn to regulate their cognitive and constructivism activities. Article visualizations:


To the extent that the Supreme Court of Canada's docket is a reliable indicator of the issues most vexing the country, one thing is clear: many Canadians feel the government knows just too damn much about us. Cases concerning what may be generally characterized as "informational privacy" abound, with those who have felt the gaze of government's prying eyes invoking a wide variety of Charter and non-Charter means to try to stop the unwanted attention. The Supreme Court's 2002 decisions make it evident that many Canadians feel not only that Big Brother knows too much, but also that he can't keep a


Commitment is often described as the intention to work on the relationship and feel psychologically attached to it (Rusbult, 1983). It can appear from within the individual i.e. personal dedication or it stems from the internal or external aspects of the relationship (children, money, investments in terms of time, sacrifices) i.e. constraint commitment. The present study aimed to examine the nature of commitment in Indian marriages through its demographic correlates gender and duration of marriage. Data from 268 married individuals showed that out of two kinds, constraint commitment stood out both in gender as well as duration of marriage. Men were high on constraints, specifically on morality of divorce. Men showed a sense of moral obligation to continue the relationship irrespective of the obstacles that come in between. With respect to duration of marriage, constraint commitment in first five years of marriage was less than both the categories of duration i.e. 5-10 years and 10-15 years of marriage. On the other hand, a statistical significant difference was found only among gender on personal commitment. Specifically, women showed a greater relationship agenda than men, i.e. a personal desire to continue the relationship. Both the genders aimed to continue the relationship but in different t forms of commitment. The findings Sabeen Rizvi, Meena OsmanyRelational Commitment across Gender and Duration of Marriage EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 9 / December 2016 7456 reveal an important facet of marital relationships in Indian context that can certainly be worked for a healthy and prolonged marriage.


BACKGROUND
The Bedside Scientist Institute is a basic research course provided for nurses using an engaged, interactive learning environment. This qualitative study evaluated the course outcomes.

METHODS
A large Magnet®-designated teaching hospital provided the setting for both the education and the study. Coding categories and themes were identified from 16 interviews; a focus group confirmed the study findings.

RESULTS
Culture change was facilitated by enlarging the perceptual field, reflecting on research evidence and the practice-research interface, and focusing on a new vision for evidence-based practice. Half of the nurses who participated returned to formal education.

CONCLUSION
Participating in the Bedside Scientist Institute was transformative. The course opened participants' minds to question traditional practice, developing champions for research.


In the information age, people are faced with new problems that the traditional exchange guaranteed by face-to-face trust in the past in the supply chain needs new solutions in today's networked electronic transactions with emerging technologies. In the context of economic globalization, multinational enterprises evolved from small and medium-sized enterprises should develop new strategic responses to deal with the complexities of managing operations separated by the barriers of distance, language, time, and culture. On the basis of studying the developing process of cross-border enterprises, this paper analyzes the problems of electronic transactions, discusses the innovation of cross-border e-commerce business model based on Blockchain technology (BT), builds a BT based enterprise framework system, and provides solutions to the problems of trust, customs supervision, cross-border payment, cross-border logistics and cross-border data flow encountered by enterprises. It elaborates a management mode from operating mechanism for SMEs to engage in international business activities in the new age.


Urbanisation and transformations of the urban landscape in Catalonia and Spain were enormous in the recent years. This article demonstrates this through the case study of Girona region (1979-2006). The results point to the consolidation of the dispersed city phenomenon and the emergence of a new landscape comprising three morphological types: urban extensions, low density residential estates and industrial zones. This reveals shortcomings of planning for urban growth and a degradation of the Mediterranean territorial model.


An interfacial polymerization method for nylon 66 was adapted to produce nanostructured composites with nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) via in situ polymerization. Nylon 66 was synthesized in n-HA slurry to increase homogeneity and biocompatibility. Synthesis powders was characterized by XRD, TEM, TGA, and FT-IR analysis. The results showed a uniform dispersion in composites, whereas needle-like, n-HA crystals dispersed in condensed polymer matrix. The samples were immersed in SBF for bioactivity tests in different periods, and results were monitored by SEM and EDX in terms of forming an apatite layer. The mechanical properties of the n-HA/nylon66 nanocomposites are discussed in terms of n-HA loading.


Letter from Amos Otis, per W.J. Davis, to Obed Baker 2nd, on the letterhead of the First National Bank of Yarmouth


Learning unlabeled data in a drifting environment still receives little attention. This paper presents a concept tracker algorithm for learning concept drift that exploits unlabeled data. In the absence of complete labeled data, instance classes are identified using a concept hierarchy that is incrementally constructed from data stream (mostly unlabeled data) in unsupervised mode. The persistence assumption in temporal reasoning is then applied to infer target concepts. Empirical evaluation that has been conducted on information-filtering domains demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach.


Aortic valve stenosis affects approximately 5 out of every 10,000 people in the United States. [3] This disorder causes decrease in the aortic valve opening area increasing resistance to blood flow. Detection of early stages of valve malfunction is an important area of research to enable new treatments and develop strategies in order to delay degenerative progression. Analysis of relationship between valve properties and hemodynamic factors is critical to develop and validate these strategies. Porcine aortic valves are anatomically analogous to human aortic valves. Fixation agents modify the valves in such a manner to mimic increased leaflet stiffness due to early degeneration. In this study, porcine valves treated with glutaraldehyde, a crosslinking agent and ethanol, a dehydrating agent were used to alter leaflet material properties. The hydraulic performance of ethanol and glutaraldehyde treated valves was compared to fresh valves using a programmable pulse duplicator that could simulate physiological conditions. Hydraulic conditions in the pulse duplicator were modified by


Usage of health care web applications by network of hospitals and health care service providers are increases in the current technology world. Accessing the confidential healthcare information by doctors, patients over the wireless network is at the risk of information theft by various attacks. Most of the multispeciality hospitals situated in metropolitan cities, chief doctors are sending the prescriptions to the junior doctors over the internet after successful completion of the surgery. Individual session is created for each user to access the health care data in a web application. Hackers make use of sniffer tools to crack the session ID and hijack the session in order to steal the confidential data of the patients. In this paper, we have proposed the session key authentication method and distributed session ID to secure the medical data against session hijack attacks in wireless networks.


Introduction: The ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations for estimating 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were derived from cohorts of Whites and African Americans, with no representa...


The evaluation and prediction of integrated fuel performance is a critical component of the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program. The PLATE code is the primary tool being developed and used to perform these functions. The code is being modified to incorporate the most recent fuel/matrix interaction correlations as they become available for both aluminum and aluminum/silicon matrices. The code is also being adapted to treat cylindrical and square pin geometries to enhance the validation database by including the results gathered from various international partners. Additional modeling work has been initiated to evaluate the thermal and mechanical performance requirements unique to monolithic fuels during irradiation.


There is no decisive opinion about whether sexual bribery is property interests or non-property interests.Only after a clear distinction between the two concepts will a correct answer be drawn out.Legislative interpretation,though it has partially solve the problem to categorize sexual bribery as a crime,cannot give a satifactory answer due to its own limitation.It is unreasonable to broaden the article of "granting properties" as "granting perperties or providing sexual services".


The use of the Delphi method is indicated for the elaboration of questionnaires on a subject of study, which until now has little known information about it. Starting on an initial proposal, a group of 10 experts in handball made a series of modification proposals  until a final questionnaire was agreed of 34 items, with questions related with the four phases of the game that exist in handball. The questionnaire was given to 134 trainers from four different countries, verifying the validation of the questionnaire. The handball trainers gave most importance to the analysis with videos of the phases of play in attack and organized defense. Key words: handball, video analysis, tactic, Delphi.


The design of qualitative research is a general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research. It describes, either explicitly or implicitly, the purpose of the qualitative research, the role of the researcher(s), the stages of research, and the method of data analysis. A qualitative research design is probably the most flexible of the various experimental techniques, encompassing a variety of accepted methods and structures. Here, four of the major qualitative research designs namely phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory and case study are introduced. Descriptions of all four qualitative research designs are given separately. The design of qualitative research provides for the learner to understand the difference between phenomenology and grounded theory or between ethnography and case study and also provides the appropriate knowledge about itself.


Speaking as a part of the difficult language skills, beside listening, reading and writing, must be taught maximally by the teacher to the students. Moreover, teaching speaking should be taught in attractive and communicative way. In the teaching and learning process, media are the way of teacher to communicate with the students. It is not only helping the teacher to communicate and send a message to the students but also to give some responses, so the students can take important learning experiences. There are many kinds of the media such as visual, audio, and audio visual media. One of the media that are used by the English teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Malang to teach speaking is Prezi. The purpose of the study was to investigate the implementation of Prezi to teach speaking at X MIA 7 of SMA Negeri 1 Malang. Besides, the purpose of this study was to describe the studentsÂ' responses to the use of Prezi to teach speaking at X MIA 7 of SMA Negeri 1 Malang.

The descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study. The data were collected from the English teacher and students of X MIA 7 SMA Negeri 1 Malang. The instruments used by the writer were field notes and interview guide.

From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the writer found 7 steps to implement Prezi to teach speaking. First, the teacher connected laptop to the LCD projector. Second, the teacher gave brainstorming by using slide of Prezi. Third, the teacher presented a recount text entitled "Meet Bambang Pamungkas" on Prezi. Fourth, the teacher asked the students to observe the generic structure and language features of recount text on Prezi. Fifth, the teacher explained and asked the students about the verb of past tense used in the text "Meet Bambang Pamungkas". Sixth, the teacher presented recount text by using Prezi. Seventh, the teacher provided task to make a recount text and presenting it in front of the class. Then, the writer also found four responses of the students. They are: (1) the students could increase their interest in learning speaking by using Prezi; (2) the students could understand material well by using Prezi; (3) the students could be more easier to learn speaking by using Prezi; (4) the students could be more motivated to learn speaking by using Prezi. In this study, after the students already had enough insights and feeling, they would give response in the form of an act and the students had positive attitude and activities in the classroom. The result was included into behavioral impact.


GaInAsP/InP integrated twin-guide lasers with first-order distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR-ITG lasers) were fabricated and operated at room-temperature with a single longitudinal mode. By changing the corrugation period, the central wavelength could be varied in the wavelength range of 1.2∼1.3 µm with a single longitudinal mode at temperatures between 150 and 300 K. At room-temperature, the threshold current density and the differential quantum efficiency were 10.4 kA/cm2 and 11.7%, respectively. The refractive index of the quaternary composition was measured and found to be in relatively good agreement with the estimated value. "GaInAsP/InP Integrated Twin-Guide Lasers with First-Order Distributed Bragg Reflectors at 1.3 µm Wavelength"


The present article demonstrates that there is not effective the help that the world powers must supply to offset the environmental deterioration and the awareness of the communities in the countries of low revenue and of average revenue, due to his deficit national budget that does not allow them to face this type of situations of permanent form, is the case of Colombia, especially in the urban area of Cali. For it they were polled to 48 environmental not governmental organizations (of the third sector-ONG's), since to 12 Commoners of the Communes 1, 3, 5, 7, 13, 15, 16, 18 and 20), of the 22 that exist nowadays in Cali, with correlative analysis from Pearson coefficient.


Adjacent areas within a 60-year-old Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. – Betulapapyrifera Marsh, stand in northern Minnesota, U.S.A., were clear-cut by whole-tree logging or tree-length logging followed by prescribed burning. Two years after harvest, understory biomass and nutrients were sampled on these sites and on an adjoining uncut control. All logged sites had significantly more total aboveground understory biomass than the control. However, biomass of woody species on the tree-length logged burn area did not differ from the control site. Because of the greater biomass on harvested sites, nutrient accumulations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) by the understory were greater, with about 75% of these extra nutrients in herbs and shrubs. Although the quantity of nutrients in the understory is less than that removed with the overstory, it is important in maintaining the nutritional integrity of the system because it serves as a sink for available nutrients.