A survey of Bradley Lake and the Bradley River, including underwater contouring at the lake, was made in 1955 for use in studying possible plans of waterpower development. The survey was supplemented by surface geologic examinations. Illustrative plans of development in accord with the topography and geology are described in this report, and used with runoff records and estimates to compute the potential waterpower. Runoff records available in 1960 covered only two complete water years, October 1957 to September 1959. These were supplemented by estimates of monthly runoff from October 1949 to September 1957 based on a relationship with the runoff of the nearby Kasilof River and records for that stream. The runoff at the outlet of Bradley Lake was thus determined to have been about 334 cfs (cubic feet per second), or 84 inches per year on the drainage area of 54 square miles, from 1949 to 1959. Runoff from an additional area of 14 square miles could readily be diverted into the Bradley Lake basin to increase the water supply about 26 percent, and the waterpower estimates were made accordingly. It.was determined that a usable storage capacity of 300,000 acre-feet would have provided for substantially complete control in the 10-year period, 1949-59, with uniform release of 421 cfs. Development through a mean gross head of 1,131 feet to a powerhouse at tidewater some three and a half miles from the lake would provide for generation of 32,400 kw (kilowatts) continuously. The storage capacity could be obtained by a dam at the lake outlet to raise the surface 104 feet, or alternatively by a lower dam and a tunnel to tap the lake at depth. The runoff from 1949 to 1959 is estimated to have been about 90 percent of that during the 40-year period prior to 1960. A lesser degree of development corresponding to control and utilization of about 80 percent of the 40-year mean runoff also was considered. This would have required about 171,000 acre-feet of capacity for uniform release of 375 cfs. Development through a mean gross head of 1,110 feet would provide for generation of 28,300 kw continuously. The storage capacity could be obtained by a dam at the lake outlet to raise the surface 68 feet, or by a combination of damming and lake drawdown. Water could be conveyed from the lake to a powerhouse at tidewater by means of tunnels and pipelines along several alternative routes. It would be possible also to convey it along the Bradley River foF development in two nearly equal stages at powerhouses located on the river. A-l A-2 WATERPOWER RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES Geographic, climatic, and hydrologic features of the Keiiai Peninsula are discussed briefly. The runoff of the Bradley River is consistent with a mean annual precipitation of about 100 inches; whereas precipitation is less than 20 inches a short distance to the north in the rain shadow of the Kenai Mountains.


We studied redistribution of phosphorus between layers of P‐doped polycrystalline silicon and TaSi2 during sintering of the silicide at 900 °C. Because of the loss of phosphorus to the silicide, the sheet resistivity of polysilicon layers is increased. We attempted a systematic study of this effect using polysilicon layers of varying thicknesses (from less than 1000 to more than 6000 A). The experimental results are in excellent agreement with our model which regards the concentrations of phosphorus in both polysilicon and silicide as dilute solutions and assumes that during sintering of the silicide these solutions come to equilibrium. From the equilibrium condition of uniform chemical potential with respect to the solute, we were able to determine the distribution coefficient of P between the two solvents.


I read with interest the guest editorial on access to abortion.[1][1] As a rural physician for 10 years, I have seen that getting access to abortion is particularly difficult in rural areas. Teens, single women and nonwhite women already face difficulties with access, and those who live in a rural


ABSTRACT.Motor fitness data on 606 male and 499 female trainable mentally retarded (TMR) children aged 6-19 in State Schools for Retarded Children in Missouri were compared to published norms for educable mentally retarded (EMR) and normal children for height, weight, flexed arm hang, 300 yard run-w


Alain de Benoist offers an insightful account of important changes that have taken place in recent years in French political discourse. The focus (and the title) of his article, however, are misleading, for they draw attention to a manifestation of these changes, not to their cause. Though the categories of Left and Right have undoubtedly fallen out of favor in France, the blurring of these categories should not cloud our perception of the larger dynamics at play, or lead us to mistake a temporary weakening of the Left-Right dichotomy for its final eradication. As Benoist points at the outset, the Left-Right dichotomy appears discredited even among certain advocates of traditionally "leftist" ideas.


On July 6, 2017, Pre-Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court (the Court or ICC)—composed of Judges Tarfusser, Perrin de Brichambaut, and Chung—held that South Africa violated the Rome Statute of the ICC (Rome Statute) by failing to arrest and surrender to the Court President Omar Al-Bashir of Sudan when he visited the country in June 2015. However, the Court did not refer the matter to the ICC Assembly of States Parties (ASP) or the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) pursuant to Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute. The decision added South Africa to a list of ICC state parties that have failed in their Rome Statute obligations with respect to the incumbent head of state of Sudan. It also marked the first time that the ICC Office of the Prosecutor (OTP), all ICC states parties, and the United Nations (UN) were invited to present their views and argue fully what is perhaps the most legally contentious and politically sensitive issue that the ICC has faced in its history.


Although the concept of cooperative teams is not a new one, Transformational Leadership is bringing collaboration back to the spotlight in the world of education. In this approach, the principal becomes a facilitator, teachers become professional colleagues, students are motivated by the mere joy of learning, and parents and the local community increase their involvement as stewards, resulting in the involvement of all stakeholders in the complex problem solving issues of the school. Collaboration requires trust and support among these team members and, though it takes time, yields much more effective schools and productive students. The primary function of a school is improvement of learning by those students entrusted to us. But what are the components of improved learning? How do schools achieve this function when students arrive with significant differences in their foundation? Who decides on the course of action that the school will take to achieve this lofty goal? In traditional educational environments, Transactional Leadership prevails, maintaining the autocratic, directive-oriented approach (Bass, 1990). Here, the primary authority rests with the principal, and teachers perform assigned tasks in exchange for an agreed upon reward such as merit pay for increased performance, positive reinforcement for quality work, etc. In the absence of completion of assignments or lack of compliance with directives, corrective action is taken by the Transactional Leader. This style of leadership fails to create collective vision, fails to instill commitment to change, and ultimately demonstrates a severely limited view of human potential (Friedman, 2004). Conversely, in Transformational Leadership, emphasis is placed on a collaborative, team concept. In education, this approach involves creating partnerships with students, parents, teachers, administration, and the community. According to Bass (1990), the Transformational Leader cultivates an environment where all stakeholders share purpose and vision, embrace enduring greatness, raise one another to higher levels of motivation and celebrate success (Friedman, 2004). However, without transformation and major systemic changes, these partnerships and teams will be superficial in nature (Sharpe & Templin, 1997), existing only as a requirement by the "powers that be." Collaboration shifts the power away from the role of principal as manager found in Transactional Leadership. As he engages in a transformational approach, the central authority is seen as facilitator, educator, and steward. This shift in the structure of the school decreases the competitiveness often seen among faculty as it generates trust, cooperation, and widespread willingness to learn. Teachers become major contributors to the school community, fully aware that their work has value and significance to those outside of the classroom. Leadership is then recognized as residing in many people and shows itself in a number of ways (Walker, 1994). The term "classroom teacher" becomes obsolete as the


Knowledge of optimum rates of poultry manure application is of immense significance in the correction of the soil nutrient deficiencies for crop production. Manure application is of importance to both the soil amendment and in the growth and yield of crops. Leaching, pattern of cropping, use of non-certified seeds and non-improved varieties have hampered the efficient growth and yield of okra. The study was conducted to examine the growth and yield responses of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to poultry manure rates in Rivers State. The research study became imperative to examine how rate of poultry manure could affect the production of okra. The experiment utilized three rates of poultry manure, 0-tons (control), 5-tonsha and 10tonha -1 and the treatment combination arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) replicated three times. Growth characteristics measured were, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area and number of leaves per plant while yield parameters measured were pod length, seeds per pod, total number of pods, pod yield per hectare. The results revealed that appropriate rate of poultry manure application in the production of okra has the capacity to increase okra growth and yield in Rivers State. The use of 10-tonha -1 of poultry manure Original Research Article Adesina and Wiro; JEAI, 42(1): 116-120, 2020; Article no.JEAI.53654 117 performed better than other poultry manure rates and so it's recommended that okra farmers in the study area should apply 10-tonha -1 for high quality and quantity production of okra in Rivers State.


The resveratrol detection in wines has been studied more intensely in the last years. The isomeric trans-resveratrol has recognized biological activities, and some of them are therapeutic, such as anti-inflammatory action, enzyme lipoxigenase inhibition and anti-carcinogenic action in vitro. The presence of resveratrol (4,3',5'-trihydroxystilbene), trans and cis isomers, was investigated in industrial grape juices produced in Brazil. Additionally, total phenols, acidity, reducing sugars, soluble solids and specific gravity of samples were determined in accordance with law. Resveratrol was determined by high performance liquid chromatography by SOUTO et al. [23], adapted to the temperature of 50°C. Trans and cis-resveratrol were found in all the juices analyzed, tran-resveratrol in the concentration range of 0.19 to 0.90mg.L-1 and cis-resveratrol in the concentration range of 0.07 to 1.59mg.L-1.


. In the measurement of environmental samples with low radioactivity by the low background gamma spectrometer system using the high purity germanium (HPGe) detector, it is often interested to enhance the detector efficiency for minimizing the measurement time and thus improving the quality of gamma spectra. The source geometry shaped cylinder and Marinelli is widely used to satisfy the purposes as above but the scientific basis of choosing these types of source have been not set up generally. In this study, the MCNP5 code was used to simulate the gamma spectrum of the point source positioned a certain location in the sample measurement space of the gamma spectrometer and the detector efficiency was computed to determine the efficiency distribution. Additionally, this efficiency distribution was also investigated when to change the gamma energy and the matrix density. The results showed that there are two high efficiency regions on the top and around the lateral of the detector. This results agree with the viewpoint of selecting the right cylindrical and Marinelli geometries.


In the article noted below, 1 Prof. Byung-Ok Choi and Prof. Hyang Woon Lee contributed equally as co-corresponding authors. Therefore, Prof. Byung-Ok Choi should have been included as a co-corresponding author. Dr. Choi can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Reference 1. Lee M, Park C-h, Chung H-K et al. Cerebral white matter abnormalities in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; Ann Neurol 2017;81: 147–151.


The McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Assistance Act (Act) provides important protections and rights for homeless children and unaccompanied homeless youth. McKinney-Vento (MV) disputes should be resolved locally, whenever possible and must go through the local McKinney-Vento Dispute Resolution process.


Background Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1) is a natural compound isolated from tubeimoside, which has been widely used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect and the underling mechanism of TBMS1 on glioma cancer cells. Methods The MTT assay was performed to evaluate the effect of TBMS1 on glioma cell proliferation. The fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of TBMS1 on glioma cell apoptosis. The Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein change. Results TBMS1 inhibited glioma cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that TBMS1 induced glioma cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting showed that TBMS1 induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax and downregulating the level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, we found that TBMS1 induced apoptosis by increasing the concentration of reactive oxygen species through the release of Cytochrome C and activation of Caspase-3. Conclusion These findings indicate that TBMS1 may be developed as a possible therapeutic agent for the management of glioma.


This paper presents a new type of emergency bridge, called Mobile Bridge, which can be quickly constructed in case of damage after a natural disaster. The concept of the bridge is based on the application of a scissors mechanism, which enables its rapid deployment. In the case of deployable structures as well as the static analysis of different configurations of expansion, it is important to investigate the dynamic behavior of the system. The high compliance and flexibility of the scissors-type bridge may influence the comfort and safety of users in case of heavy dynamic loads such as human-induced impacts, wind gusts, or earthquakes. Up to now, the authors have constructed several types of the experimental Mobile Bridges. The presented research reviews fundamental numerical and experimental results for the Mobile Bridge 4.0. Experimental testing included strain and acceleration measurements in free and forced loading conditions. From these results, it was possible to estimate basic mechanical characteristics, including the static and dynamic properties, of the bridge. The conducted research allows for better and safer design of the structure of the Mobile Bridge.


Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) offers a more person-centred and positive approach to working with people who have autism. SFBT focuses on strengths and ways of achieving desired futures, rather than on deficits and helping people fit into a 'neurotypical' world.


There are limited studies on the diagnosis of heat and temperature misconceptions using a four-tier instrument diagnostic test. Therefore, this study aims to identify misconceptions in heat and temperature material. The survey research was conducted on 164 students at SMAN 2 Bantul. Students were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Identification of student misconceptions using the Four Tier Heat and Temperature Diagnostic Test (4T-HTDT). Students' conceptual understanding is calculated using the percentage technique. The results of this study indicate that there are still many students who have misconceptions on the concept of "heat-temperature as an extensive quantity" and "heat-temperature depends on material objects". The findings are expected to be a strategic step for designing appropriate remedial teaching.


This study furthers the epistemological development of anthropological demography, and its role in understanding the demography of Europe. Firstly we situate anthropological demography against the context of an evolving world of research in which boundaries between academic disciplines have become much more permeable. This is achieved via an overview of recent theoretical debates about the role and nature of disciplinarity, including interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Secondly, in order to understand the current state of the art, we sketch out the evolution of anthropological demography, paying particular attention to the different knowledge claims of anthropology and demography. Finally, we flesh out some of the epistemological and theoretical debates about anthropological demography by sketching out the formative research process of our own work on low fertility in the UK.


A method for valuing extra-market benefits is proposed and tested. The method rests on the empirical derivation of utility functions and indifference maps. Demand schedules were obtained from the indifference maps to provide specific benefit values. The method is compared to the conventional travel-cost method for valuing recreational benefits. It is argued that the utility approach is cenceptually superior. Also, the utility data comprised both the benefit values from the indifference maps and direct survey responses as surrogates for utility. These data proved better predictors of consumption than the usual travel-cost variables.


Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP) varieties were bred out of a unique germplasm pool derived from Quality Protein dent Maize and conventional popcorn lines. To identify and compare distinctive characteristics within this population, a new sensory method was employed that coupled hedonic numeric rankings of common sensory traits appearance, aroma, texture, and taste with an " overall likability " score while requiring the selection of specific descriptors for taste and texture. Participants tasted six popcorn cultivars, rated each sample based on sensory factors, and offered specific descriptors for taste and texture. This sensory method identified two QPP hybrids with higher overall likability rankings likely attributed to the diversified and improved taste and texture of QPP compared to the controls. The experimental design employed for this descriptive analysis was successful in identifying trait correlations, potential consumer preferences, and ranking of product acceptability and may serve as an efficient model for other sensory studies. and overall likability in a tested population of 112. These methods are easily transferable and may serve as an efficient model for other sensory studies identifying trait correlations, consumer preferences, and ranking of product acceptability.


doi:10.3928/24748307-20180327-01 Market researchers are used to asking questions. It is their job to query and probe "to gather information about markets or customers" (McQuarrie, 2016), but how adept are they at turning those questions inward? Have health care-related market researchers synthesized what is currently known about health literacy to inform their study designs or their participant recruitment goals? Traditional recruitment into market research studies begins with a determination of participant eligibility. This is based on a multitude of shared characteristics and demographics, but health literacy status is often not a consideration. This may be a serious oversight with farreaching ramifications because a participant's "capacity to obtain, process, [act upon,] and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions" (Nielsen-Bohlman, Panzer, & Kindig, 2004) is governed by health literacy. Consider how market research is supposed to work (Figure 1). For example, qualitative studies seek to secure representative samples of target audiences because it is widely believed that trends identified in the smaller group may apply to the larger population. Failure to take health literacy status into account during recruitment ignores the single greatest trait that influences consent, comprehension, and compliance (Brown and Bussel, 2011; DeWalt & Pignone, 2005; DeWalt, Berkman, Sheridan, Lohr, & Pignone, 2004; Donovan-Kicken et al., 2012; Russell, Mullan, & Billington, 2015). What's more, an examination of health literacy levels among adults in the United States coupled with the levels of those typically recruited into market research may reveal a major flaw in current health care related market research recruitment rationales. A brief review of the history of market research and health literacy may illuminate the point at which we now find ourselves—the juncture where the two meet.


This chapter explores the notion of rejective poetry, through a case study of Yi Sha 伊沙, focusing on the dimensions of sound and sense and on their interaction. If applied to poetry's formal features, rejectiveness can be in evidence in things like the prosody of recitation, for example through an aggressive pace and tone of voice, and deconstructive rhyme schemes; and in lineation on the page and in recitation, through short lines and interrupted enjambment. If applied to poetry's more or less paraphraseable semantics, rejectiveness may emerge in attitudes and strategies of the poetic voice such as cynicism, disbelief, negation, demystification, desecration, deconstruction, aggression and destruction. Keywords: rejective poetry; sense; sound; Yi Sha


This work demonstrates static testing of a composite blade W55RBVS structure for the wind turbines of up to 6kW power. The testing consists of the static testing of the structure up to the moment of the blade failure. The main purpose of the testing is to define and directly verify the rigidity of the blade W55RBVS,to determine the maximum force which leads to failure and the relative span of the blade failure. W55RBVS composite blades, manufactured by the company WING. doo and are installed on a two-blades wind turbine Eoltec Scirocco. This test is defined in the standard IEC 61400-2 /8/. Blade testing is performed in the Aerotechnics Laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade University. The load test is performed up to the moment of the blade failure. The result of the testing will be used in order to improve the design of the blade W55RBVS.


In 1894 Brocq coined the term "fixed drug eruption" which is characterized by skin changes reoccurring at the same site after ingestion of the triggering drug, preferentially affecting the lips, hands, genitals and the oral mucosa1 . In 1996 Kelso first described the appearance of a fixed exanthema after strawberry consumption and introduced the term "fixed food eruption"2 . To date, other foods have been identified as causative agents, including kiwi, peanuts and asparagus1 .


Background: When children are faced by a cognitive challenge they often speak out loud to themselves. This is a common strategy in five year old children and is called private speech, which gradually, is developed into a silent form called inner speech. Inner speech is essential in several cognitive tasks including planning and problem solving, and is also involved in the working memory, particularly in the phonological loop. Children with intellectual disabilities have a limitation in the capacity of the working memory and in the phonological loop. The capacity of the working memory and the development of the phonological loop have a big importance in the acquisition of the vocabulary, therefore a limitation or delay in these skills lead to a delay in the vocabulary.Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the inner speech in children with intellectual disabilities and to investigate the correlation between the inner speech and the dimension of the active and passive vocabulary. Method: 28 children participated. The target group consisted of 14 children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities aged 8:4-16:0 years. The control group consisted of 14 children with typical development aged 4:8-8:6 years. The two groups were matched according to their test results on Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. The active vocabulary was tested with Boston Naming Test and the passive vocabulary was examined with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. To examine the inner speech and memory strategies the European Picture Span Study was used.Results: The result showed that the children in the control group have a bigger passive and active vocabulary compared to the target group and that there is a correlation between having a big vocabulary and using a more mature strategy in the control group. The target group use phonological strategies to a smaller extent than the control group, but they seem to have developed a consciousness regarding their use of strategies. The analysis also shows a significant correlation between span level and the size of the passive vocabulary in the target group, whilst there is a significant correlation between the span level and the active vocabulary in the control group.


PT. X is one of the largest mines in Indonesia with the number of workers and about 3000 people working in different areas of work both in the field (processing area) as well as offices. Most workers are men who have the habit of smoking with or without exposure a noisy environment in the workplace. This study aims to identify risk factors for the incidence of smoking habit inter-ference hearing function of workers in PT. X of South Sulawesi Province, which is based on the degree of smokers including light smokers, medium smokers, and heavy smokers. This research is observational research methods using case control study aimed to determine the cause of the risk value at the time due to the different. Sampling using incidental sampling method for the sample cases and simple random sampling for the control sample. Data obtained further processed by using the device with the computer program SPSS analysis univariat, bivariat, and multivariat. Results of research shows that smokers at risk for the occurrence of interference hearing function than non smokers, but not all smokers, only a heavy smoker with a value of OR = 12.000 and p = 0.006 in the CI (95%) = 1.345 - 107.10. Key Words: Smoking Habits, Smokers, Hearing Disfunction


Porous polyurethane concrete (PPUC) is a novel material for permeable pavements and is considered as an alternative to porous asphalt or porous cement concrete. However, studies of the mechanical properties of PPUC are still insufficient. In this study, the comprehensive mechanical properties and water stability of PPUC with different gradations and polyurethane dosages were investigated, and its water damage mechanism was preliminarily explored. The results show that the flexural strength and Marshall stability of PPUC can more easily reach the index in the standards of porous cement concrete or porous asphalt, while the compressive strength and abrasion resistance are the weak points of its mechanical properties and need to be further optimized. The mechanical properties and water stability of PPUC were effectively improved by increasing the polyurethane dosage and using continuously graded aggregates. PPUC is more susceptible to water damage because water reacts with the residual isocyanate groups within the polyurethane film to generate carbon dioxide gas, which reduces the cohesion and adhesion performance of polyurethane film. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical properties of PPUC and an initial insight into the mechanism of water damage.


During the eighteenth century the epistolary form of writing grew quite popular. Although Pride and Prejudice is not an epistolary novel, Austen wrote it with the help of twenty-one letters in it. These letters contribute a lot to the success of the novel. In this paper, the virtues of the letters will be explained in detail, such as promoting the plot, revealing the suspense, and figuring out the traits of characters.


The pace and direction of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) technology evolution in the United States will be governed by two key forces. The first is new clean air legislation passed by the U.S. Congress and signed by President Bush on November 15,1990. This law requires electric utilities to further reduce SO2 and NOx emissions, which may impact particulate controls. In addition, very fine (< 10 micron) participates and potentially toxic trace emissions from utility power plants may be regulated. The second major factor is the expected upsurge in new plant construction beginning in the late 1990s. Together, these forces should define the performance requirements and market for new ESPs. This paper identifies and briefly describes technologies that the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is developing to help U.S. utilities meet these challenges cost-effectively. Among the technologies addressed are: advanced digital voltage controls, flue gas conditioning, intermittent energization, temperature-cont...


BLUE-BLACK mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation has been reported as a consequence of therapy with quinacrine hydrochloride and related antimalarial drugs. 1-3 Similar discoloration occurs with the metabolic disorder alcaptonuria and is associated with pigment deposition in articular cartilage and premature degenerative joint disease. Ludwig et al 4 reported a single case of quinacrine ochronosis and postulated an association between the pigmentation of the skin and premature lumbar degenerative arthropathy. Joint tissue has not, however, been described in any case of antimalarial hyperpigmentation. This report describes a patient treated for rheumatoid arthritis with quinacrine in whom the classic skin changes of antimalarial ochronosis developed. In the course of her management, joint tissue became available for histologic study; the findings of the examination of this tissue form the basis for this report. Report of a Case A 58-year-old woman had a 25-year history of chronic deforming rheumatoid arthritis. Her course has been one of


We study joint resource allocation and packet scheduling for multi-user video transmission in a 4G cellular network, where the base station (BS) allocates resources (i.e. bandwidth) among the users and each user schedules its video packets based on the allocated resources. Most existing works either propose myopic solutions for multi-user video transmission, in which the resource allocation and packet scheduling is designed to maximize the short-term video quality, or propose foresighted packet scheduling solutions for single-user video transmission which maximize the long-term video quality. In this work, we propose foresighted resource allocation and packet scheduling solutions for multi-user video transmission. Specifically, we develop a low-complexity algorithm in which the BS updates the prices of resources for each user and the users make individual packet scheduling decisions based on the prices. The algorithm can be implemented by the BS and the users in a decentralized manner, and converges to the optimal prices under which the users' optimal decisions maximize the long-term total video quality subject to per-user minimum video quality guarantees. Simulation results show 7 dB and 3 dB improvements in PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) over myopic solutions and existing foresighted solutions, respectively.


Paclitaxel resistance is a major obstacle for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The chemoresistance mechanisms are partly related to the mitochondria. Identification of the relevant proteins in mitochondria will help in clarifying the possible mechanisms and in selecting effective chemotherapy for patients with paclitaxel resistance. In the present study, mitochondria from two paclitaxel‐sensitive human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and A2780) and their corresponding resistant cell lines (SKOV3‐TR and A2780‐TR) were isolated. Guanidine‐modified acetyl‐stable isotope labeling and liquid chromatography‐hybrid linear ion trap Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC‐FTICR MS) were performed to find the expressed differential proteins. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed eight differentially expressed proteins in the ovarian cancer cells and their paclitaxel‐resistant sublines. Among them, mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ were selected for further research. The effects of mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ were explored using specific siRNA interference in ovarian cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry in human tissue specimens. The downregulation of mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ using specific siRNA in paclitaxel‐resistant ovarian cancer cells led to an increase in the resistance index to paclitaxel. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that lower expression levels of the mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ proteins were positively associated with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with primary ovarian cancer (mimitin: PFS: P = 0.041, OS: P = 0.003; 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ: PFS: P = 0.031, OS: P = 0.011). Mimitin and 14‐3‐3 protein ζ/δ are potential markers of paclitaxel resistance and prognostic factors in ovarian cancer.


The resolution of a sensor designed to measure strain may be compromised by fluctuations in the environment temperature. This problem can be solved by considering a combined interferometnic-polanimetric measure: in fact if both the interferometric phases for the TE-like and TM-like polarizations are determined the solution of a system of two equations allows for the simultaneous recovery of strain and temperature. In this paper we discuss the possibility of making unambiguous measurements by using the integrated-optic Michelson interferometer consisting of a semi-asymmetric Xjunction made by titanium indiffused lithium niobate waveguides designed and built specifically for the stress temperature and microdisplacement measurements.


The invention provides a method and a device for generating forwarding items and the device is applied to BEB (Backbone Edge Bridge) equipment of an SPB (Shortest Path Bridging) network. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a first link state advertisement message from an edge device, wherein the message comprises a BMAC (Backbone MAC) address of each network equipment of a PBB (Provider Backbone Bridge) network and a BMAC address of the edge device of the next hop of the BMAC address of each network equipment which reaches the PBB network; generating BMAC address items of each network equipment of the PBB network according to the generated BMAC address items of the edge device and the BMAC address of each network equipment of the PBB network, wherein the BMAC address items of each network equipment of the PBB network are the same as B-VID and interfaces of the generated BMAC address items of the edge device. Therefore, the BEB equipment of the SPB network can forward the data messages of the PBB network equipment according to the generated items.


We describe a criterion for the detection of entanglement between two multi-boson systems. The criterion is based on calculating correlations of Gell-Mann matrices with a fixed boson number on each subsystem. This applies naturally to systems such as two entangled spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. We apply our criterion to several experimentally motivated examples, such as an $ S^z S^z $ entangled BECs, ac Stark shift induced two-mode squeezed BECs, and photons under parametric down conversion. We find that entanglement can be detected for all parameter regions for the most general criterion. Alternative criteria based on a similar formalism are also discussed together with their merits.


The writings of Lucio Marineo Sículo, royal historian at the court of Fernando and Isabel, provide a wealth of information on the history of early humanism in Spain. His collection of letters, in particular, yields the kind of anecdotal evidence that adds the fine strokes to the overall picture of Renaissance Spain. Marineo was born in Vizzini, Sicily, in the mid 1440s. He embarked on a scholarly career late in life. His parents, he tells us, ridiculed and frustrated his desire for an education. As a result he learned to read and write only when he was twenty-five. It seems that the local vicar became his mentor, but it was not until he moved to Catania that he received formal schooling.


This study aims to describe the steps of collaborative educational supervision periodically in carrying out learning. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 10 Belida Darat, Belida Darat District, Muara Enim Regency in the 2020/2021 academic year. This research is an action research, so this research is carried out in cycles. The implementation is for two cycles.The data that has been collected was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis. In the first cycle, it concluded that there were four teachers with a percentage of 66.4%. There are still many teachers who have not concluded the lesson. This happens because the time is spent working on student worksheets only. For this reason, it is necessary to adjust the questions that are worked on in the student worksheets. Concluding the learning amounted to 6 teachers with a percentage of 100%. After the first cycle was carried out, then the teacher and researcher discussed how to conclude the learning turned out to bring satisfactory results. In the second cycle, the completeness of teacher development in groups has been achieved with satisfactory results.


This paper focuses on the simulation of a Dual Active Bridge converter (DAB) by applying an open-loop and closed-loop Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) control strategy during the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor-based power system, controlling the voltage output when the converter works in steady state to maintain a constant power transfer over a time span.


The invention relates to shell fabrics, in particular to cloth for making cleaning cloth. According to the cloth for making the cleaning cloth, cleaning filaments and water absorption filaments are arranged, in the cleaning process, the cleaning filaments can play a good cleaning role, and the water absorption filaments can absorb water stains located on a cleaned object, so the cleaning cloth is convenient to use; besides, the diameter of the cleaning filaments is larger than that of the water absorption filaments, the cleaning filaments make contact with the cleaned object, and the water absorption filaments, warp filaments and weft filaments do not make contact with the cleaned object when the cleaning cloth is in use, so the service life of flat machine parts is prolonged; furthermore, through setting of appropriate diameters of the water absorption filaments and the cleaning filaments, the appropriate distance between every two adjacent water absorption filaments and the appropriate included angle between the cleaning filaments and the weft filaments, the cloth for making the cleaning cloth has good cleaning performance and water absorption performance and is convenient to use.


In order to meet the needs of high speed of torpedo in the anti-submarine war,a new plan of torpedo CAM engine with three peaks was proposed from the angle of improving engine structure. The power of new CAM engine is increased to 114. 9kW theoretically by means of mechanical analysis and computer simulation. The plan can be also realized technically by the way of feasibility analysis. This research provides necessary theoretical basis for the further design of engine model.


Background and Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders related to work are one of the main causes of disability in the dentistry profession. Long term adoption of a repeated position, repetitive movements and inappropriate posture are risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and need to be addressed. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and inappropriate posture at the dentistry clinic of a military college Methods: In this study, 66 dentists of the dental clinic affiliated with a military college were evaluated by REBA (a method for quick assessment of the body) and the Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire to assess the body while working. SPSS software version 18 were used to analyze the data. Results: This population study included 29 men and 37 women with a mean age of 40.83 years who had worked for an average of 14.56 years in the dentistry clinic. REBA score in 56.1% of dentists was in the high-risk range, 39.4% was in the medium-risk range and 4.5% were in the high-risk range. Over the past 12 months, the most prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in different areas was observed in the neck (66%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the loss of ability to perform daily activities during the past 12 months and gender and reduced working time due to musculoskeletal discomfort


Mann-Kendall test,wavelet analysis and tendency item extraction from moving average series were utilized for the consistency analysis of annual mean tide level from 1956 to 2009 in Yangtze River estuary.Tianshenggang,Hupuzha(Zhaxia) and Wusong station were taken as case study.M-K test showed that there was an obvious rising tendency for the annual mean tide level at each station.MexHat wavelet function was utilized for the cycle analysis of annual mean tide level series,which showed that there were primary cycles of 17a,16a and 16a in Tianshenggang,Hupuzha(Zhaxia) and Wusong station respectively.According to the tide level cycle,the moving average series of annual mean tide level at Tianshenggang,Hupuzha(Zhaxia) and Wusong station were calculated,and the tendency items were extracted to quantify the variation tendency of annual mean tide level series respectively.Furthermore,consistency correction was carried out on annual mean tide level series.The present research provided theoretical basis for the sustainable development of water resources in Yangtze River Estuary.


P BLIC assistance programs have developed so rapidly during the past few years that the agencies administering such assistance find it necessary to review their policies and methods of giving relief. Administrative bodies have come to realize more and more that people's fundamental needs must be met; that these needs must be met sensibly and practically; that we are dealing with individuals and not masses of humanity. The wide variety of family situations among those applying for assistance and the changes which occur during the period of dependency make it incumbent upon the agencies to develop a plan or method for giving relief which is so flexible that it can be applied in individual situations. There is a wide diversity of practices and methods of granting relief throughout state, county, and local agencies. Since the problems are similar, it is only logical that all agencies consider it essential to take action in developing uniform standards and methods for planning and granting relief allowances.' Legislation is a factor in determining what may be given. Hence, it is necessary to examine the law providing for public assistance, to see what plans can be made within the legal and financial limitations of the agencies. The New York State Public Welfare Law permits grants for food, shelter, fuel, light, clothing, necessary household supplies; medical, dental, and nursing care, including drugs, medical materials, and supplies; in fact for any form of relief for which funds are available. The law does not define what the standards shall be, nor does it make mandatory that all these items shall be provided by the agencies. The law does not fix any money allowances for the budgetary items, nor does it state what method shall be used in making grants. It does, however, state that" it is the duty of public welfare officials to provide adequately for those unable to maintain themselves." 2 Thus,


As the main force of local social and economic services,the student Party members in local colleges and universities should have not only excellent command of knowledge and skill but also a high ideological and moral cultivation.Ideological education will be a great influence on the qualities of student Party members in local colleges and universities.Cultivation of students Party members have been greatly improved in recent years.However,there are various problems appearing at the meantime.This thesis focuses on the current situation of student Party members and the problems of educating them,which can help explore the education mode for student Party members in local colleges and universities and set up a complete,scientific and feasible education system.


The urinary bladder is characterised by its ability to withstand high deformations under harsh chemical conditions. Occurring irregularities in the bladder wall disturb the correct functioning during storage and release. In order to support the development of effective therapeutic treatments for dysfunctional urinary bladder a theoretical model was developed. Accounting for different pathways of smooth muscle activation the proposed model is based on a coupled electrical‐chemical‐mechanical approach. Finally, the model is implemented in the finite‐element framework to consider complex geometries and boundary conditions. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Market fundamentalism deserves even more analysis and opposition, and this paper will think about it in the form of neoliberalism. But I think that the See Spot Run talk that we have in mainstream govern ance theorizing (e.g., within the constraints of mainstream PA dis course, within mainstream economic discourse, within the dominant discourse of political economy) stands in the way; there's not only a misallocation of energy toward what is inside the boundaries of the traditional disciplines but also distortion of content. Market fundamentalism, central in ideologies like neoliberalism, holds that market exchange is the best guide for all human actions; it maintains that the free market is the only true ethical, or prudential, guide to life. Work has already been done in PA on this topic, e.g., Thorne & Kouzmin, 2006. But the suggestion is that we need even more.


This study investigates the mediation impact of grade point average (GPA) and general health positive on Facebook addiction via self-esteem (SE) under the provision of active daily use of Facebook. We reached 120 participants who are college students. Our sample comprised 63 (52.5%) females and 57 (47.5%) males. We collected data through an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling using IBM SPSS AMOS and mediation analysis were performed. The findings of the study suggested that SE is a critical and shaping construct when the decreasing impact of both GPA and general health positive on Facebook addiction is a concern. College students with low GPA and general health–positive feelings have low SE, which in turn increases the possibility of becoming a Facebook addict. Moreover, active daily use of Facebook is another factor triggering addiction. Recommendations and further research studies are presented.


The possibility of automated preflight engine checkouts is examined theoretically to minimize or eliminate the need for extravehicular activity related to engine maintenance in space. The minimum necessities of preflight information and processing are set forth with respect to routine engine examination. Emphasis is placed on the ability to remotely assess the factors which affect an engine's integrity and preparedness, with consideration given to different approaches and engine parameters. A range of approaches are introduced, the most sophisticated of which includes a full assessment of engine integrity is performed with the sensor and operational history-data system. Of the 36 checkout methods examined, three methods for determining engine integrity are defined with a range of integrated control and health monitoring sophistication.


In this paper we numerically investigate the impacts of 1) pulse width, 2) pulse chirp, 3) power imbalance, and 4) timing offset, for a 16-QAM, 448-Gb/s signal that uses optical time-division-multiplexing and electronic time-division-demultiplexing (OMED) scheme.


Scullen, Herman A. Review of the Genus Cerceris Latreille in Mexico and Central America (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 110, 121 pages, 173 figures, 1972.—This is a continuation of earlier studies by the author on the Sphecoid wasp tribe Cercerini of North America. Sixty-nine valid species of Cerceris previously described and recorded for Mexico and Central America are recognized. Three new combinations are recorded and 36 new species and subspecies are described. Distribution of all species and subspecies are recorded and illustrated on distribution maps. Morphological characters are illustrated in 173 drawings. Beetle prey and floral visiting habits are recorded when known. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1972 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington. D.C. 20402 Price J1.60 (paper cover) Stock Number 4700-0190


Effective organization and management of vector geographic data is one of the key parts for spatial database application.The traditional vector geographic data service is usually based on magnetic disks and relational databases like Oracle Spatial.With the rapid development of wireless communication and mobile web technology,the performance of current vector geographic data service is declining dramatically under multi-user concurrent access,and can't meet the requirements of high performance and high concurrency.In order to improve the performance of vector geographic data service under multi-user concurrent access,we proposed a novel management approach of lightweight vector geographic data based on main memory database Redis.Redis is a main-memory lightweight key/value store.Its I/O performance is much better than traditional disk-based databases like Oracle and MS SQL server.At first,we analyzed Redis' key-value data model and data structure.Subsequently we designed a four level hierarchy organization structure of vector geographic database.We stored vector geographic data and its metadata based on Redis' plentiful data structures.Then,taking the grid spatial index as an example,we designed the storage method of spatial index and spatial query processing flow for Redis based on the hierarchy organization structure of vector geographic database.Our experimental results confirmed that compared to traditional relational spatial database-Oracle Spatial,our main memory style vector geographic data management approach greatly improves spatial query responding speed and its concurrent performance is excellent.The proposed approach can be used as a front end high performance cache of large spatial database or a high performance spatial indexes database.


The era of globalization is also becoming more sophisticated information technology that has affected the emergence of various forms of crime that are modern, more impact than a conventional crime. Modern is defined as the sophistication of the crime so that the disclosure was by means phisticated as well. In the crime of cybercrime, particularly in mputers and computer programs, this evidentiary problems become an important part, but also difficult. To prove, whether the defendant is guilty, or to search for material truth, the needed evidence before the court. Proof is an absolute requirement to provide assurance to the judge in order to provide decision could give the fairest decision.Keywords: globalization, cybercrime, evidence.


Abstract People who work with a multicultural clientele and who are trained in psychology sometimes wonder about the applicability of theories and techniques developed and normed over many years for homogeneous white Anglo-Saxon middle-class populations, and subsequently applied to people of other ethnic origins. Racism and prejudice as matters of political and social context are not part of the life experience (as victim) of most individuals within middle-class Anglo-Saxon populations. On the other hand, for many people belonging to identifiable minorities this may be a daily occurrence, with a range of psychological consequences for mental health and wellbeing. However, a focus on the affects of racism and prejudice for individuals is not generally undertaken in the mainstream training of psychologists, nor are these topics prominent in general psychological theory. This commentary on "Racism and Prejudice: An Australian Psychological Society Position Paper" (Sanson et al., 1998) supports the view that ...


The main goal of this article will be to show how India's role in the Indian Ocean region has changed over time and how it is linked to the wider Indo-Pacific region. In the beginning, the importance of the Indian Ocean to India's overall naval security on a historical basis is pointed out. It is shown that Indian Ocean was the main conduit for carrying out trade with the subcontinent and also for the creation of the British Raj even though it did not receive the same attention from the land-based Indian states. Following this, the article moves on to how following its independence in 1947 India slowly started to realize the importance of the Indian Ocean and later on the wider Indo-Pacific to its national security. Step by step it is shown how India's maritime policy has evolved over the years. In this respect, the importance of the decade of the 1990s is highlighted when India began to open up not only economically but in all other ways as well. The role of the United States in India's naval expansion is also explained in detail during both the Obama and the Trump administrations. Here specifically the article focuses on the 'pivot to Asia' strategy of the Obama administration and how it impacted India. After this it is described how President Trump further pushed India to take a more active stance in the Indo-Pacific region. Next, the Indo-Pacific policy of the present Modi government is studied along with a detailed analysis of the 'extended neighborhood' concept in India's Indo-Pacific policy. India's relation with the island nations of the Indo-Pacific is scrutinized in a separate section. India's role in the QUAD forum is also properly discussed. Finally, India's involvement in the three main multilateral initiatives in the Indo-Pacific is laid out before coming to the concluding section.


Background: Estrogen plays an important modulatory role in the immune system, and is concerned with the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although the mechanism has not yet been clarified. Oral tolerance, a form of specific peripheral tolerance, which is recognized as a new therapeutic strategy, is related to the function of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Methods: In this study, using collagen-induced arthritis as an animal model of RA, the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on oral tolerance induction were investigated. For induction of oral tolerance, mice were fed 60 µg type II collagen (CII) for 10 consecutive days prior to each CII immunization. Mice in the E2 treatment groups were injected with 5 µg (low dose) or 500 µg (high dose) E2 three times during the induction of oral tolerance. Results: Oral tolerance induction suppressed the occurrence of arthritis, the proliferative response of splenocytes to CII and the specific DTH response. However, E2 treatment abrogated the suppression, which might be connected with a change in function of Peyer's patch (PP) lymphocytes. Conclusion: These results suggest that oral tolerance induction might be affected by estrogen treatment through alteration of intestinal immune responses.


As the new curriculum develops,the conflict between the new and old education ideas is inevitable.'For' and 'against'voices for the curricu lum reform will last through the whole process of the reform.We need to convey a massage to the public: quality education is an established guideline which is unshakable.We should carry the reform through to the end.Based on some phenome na emerged in recent years in China,this article discusses the challenges we have met in the reform with an attempt to find some countermeasures.


test Tessman' used thymine-requiring mutants. Synthetic thymidine (TdR) in the bottom were seeded with a top agar layer containing 5 of an overnight culture of E. coli B3, grown in synthetic medium containing 10 jig/ml TdR, and either 8 or 100 ag TdR in the top layer. The Id mu-tants form tiny plaques on limiting TdR.


The article is dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Ural University (now the Ural Federal University) Toponymic Expedition and its new research project studying the toponymy, vocabulary, and ethnocultural information related to the extraction and processing of gems and ornamental stones in the Urals. Within the recent fieldwork of 2020–2021, the expedition visited many settlements of the so-called Gem strip of the Urals — the territory that holds lots of historical, linguistical, and ethnographic discoveries. It is found that back in the 18th–19th centuries, prospecting activities (search and extraction of gems, their processing, collection, and trade) were totally shaping the local lifestyle, folk culture, and linguistic consciousness of its residents. The present paper describes the toponymic system of the region, focusing on the types of topographic objects (deposits, veins, mines, quarries) and their naming features. It is shown that local toponymy cannot be interpreted without considering its connection to dialect vocabulary, ethnography, and knowledge of the cultural and historical traditions of semi-precious craft. The collected material falls into several lexical groups: dialectal, professional, and local slang. Given the present decline of the craft itself that leads to the destruction of unique toponymic systems, the author calls to the urgency of preserving this study material. The article shares some innovative methods of fieldwork used by the expedition with account to the peculiarities of the studied objects as well as those driven by the development of IT. It also unlocks new locations for materials collection, such as mineralogical museums, exhibition-fairs of minerals and comments on the specificity of using data from the geological and mineralogical forums on the Internet. The conclusion provides the list of publications for 2020–2021 by the Department of Russian Language, General Linguistics and Speech Communication based on the collected fieldwork data.


The key aim is to investigate the work flow from concept design to digital fabrication as a method of teaching that encourages innovation in the architectural field and challenges how we approach the process from design to production. This article explains the teaching strategies used to merge parametric design tools and digital manufacturing methods in one work flow: modeling-fabrication-assembling, realized as part of a series of workshop seminars, developing experiments, prototypes and real scaled self-supporting structures.


A method is described to construct an indwelling submersible pH electrode and data logger for continuous ruminal pH measurements. The instrument is constructed from 2 major industrial components namely the i) TruTrack Data logger model pH-HR mark 4 supplied by Intech Instruments Ltd; ii) and pH electrode M10 supplied by Innovative Sensors, Inc.; and 2 minor parts consisting of a plastic hose, and stainless steel weight or shroud for the pH probe. Constructing the parts together involves the sealing of the connected pH probe to a data logger with the plastic tube and fitment of the stainless steel weight or shroud around the tip or bulb of the pH electrode. Attachment of the instrument to the cannula stopper is done by a "Key Clip" for ease of placement and retrieval from the cannulated animal. The position of the electrode on the instrument is approximately 400mm inside of the rumen hanging from the cannula stopper, suspended in the middle of the rumen 11 – 15cm dorsally to the ventral sack of the rumen.


Introduction The introduction of Crawford and Godbey's (1987) model of leisure constraints, which was further developed by Crawford, Jackson and Godbey (1991) provided a theoretical base for future research in the field of leisure constraints. This proposed model, for the first time, located constraints within the individual's decision making process. Recent studies (e.g. Raymore, Godbey, Crawford, & Von Eye 1993; Raymore, Godbey, & Crawford, 1994; Jackson & Rucks, 1995; Prime & Kerton, 1995; Alexandris & Carroll, 1997) utilized the model, and indicated its applicability and utility in an effort to understand a variety of aspects related to sport, recreation and leisure participation. Furthermore, a number of propositions, such as the "hierarchy of importance" (Crawford et al., 1991), "negotiation," and "balance" (Jackson, Crawford & Godbey, 1993) propositions were introduced based on this model. These propositions, most of which (e.g. the "balance") have had little empirical verification so far, suggested that the relationship between perception of constraints and participation is a complex one, and needs further investigation in order to be clarified. Based on the hierarchial model of leisure constraints, as proposed by Crawford et al. (1991), the present study aimed to: (a) investigate the influence of constraints dimensions on recreational sport participation; (b) empirically test the "balance" proposition (Jackson, Crawford and Godbey, (1993), by investigating the relationship between perception of constraints dimensions and strength of motivation for participation. It should be noted that the results will be discussed with reference to educational groups' differences in annual sport participation rates and perception of constraints, in order to provide an example of the interaction between constraints and motivation and their relations with sport participation. The study took place in Greece, where very few surveys on leisure and sport had taken place (Koronoeou, 1996; Papageorgio, 1989). Constraints on Leisure Crawford and Godbey (1987) categorized constraints into three categories according to the way that they affect the relationship between preference and participation: intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural constraints. According to the proposed model, intrapersonal constraints involve "individual psychological states and attributes" (p. 122), interpersonal constraints are "the result of interpersonal interaction or the relationship between individuals' characteristics" (p. 123), and structural constraints are "intervening factors between leisure preference and participation." (p. 124). This model was further developed by Crawford et al. (1991) who located constraints within a hierarchial decision making process. These authors introduced the "hierarchy of importance" proposition, according to which, constraints levels are arranged from the most proximal (intrapersonal) to the most distal (structural). This proposition suggests that intrapersonal constraints ("individual psychological states and attributes"), as the most proximal, are the most powerful of the three types of constraints, while structural constraints, as the most distal, are the least powerful. This has also been proposed by Iso-Ahola and Mannell (1985). Crawford et al's (1991) model attracted significant attention by researchers and provided the theoretical basis for further empirical research in the field. Raymore et al. (1993), who conducted a study regarding adolescent constraints, provided empirical support of the three categories of leisure constraints (intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural) and the hierarchy of importance proposition. Furthermore, Raymore et al. (1994) utilized the model in an effort to investigate the relationship between self-esteem, gender, socio-economic status and perception of constraints among adolescents. These authors reported that self-esteem was negatively related with the perception of intrapersonal and interpersonal constraints. …


The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of the Relational Psychotherapy Mothers' Group (RPMG), a supportive parenting group intervention for substance abusing women. Sixty mothers receiving RPMG were compared to 67 women receiving recovery training (RT); both treatments supplemented treatment in the methadone clinics. At the end of the 6-month treatment period, RPMG mothers showed marginally significant improvement on child maltreatment (self-reported) and cocaine abuse based on urinalyses when compared with RT mothers; notably, children of RPMG mothers reported significantly greater improvement in emotional adjustment and depression than children of RT mothers. At 6 months follow-up, however, treatment gains were no longer apparent. Overall, the findings suggest that whereas supportive parenting interventions for substance abusing women do have some preventive potential, abrupt cessation of the therapeutic program could have deleterious consequences.Preparation of the manuscript was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RO1-DA10726, RO1-DA11498, R01-DA14385, and K23DA14606), the William T. Grant Foundation, and the Spencer Foundation.


The role of environmental factors in the regulation of sub-annual increment formation in fish otoliths appears to differ markedly between species. To examine the periodicity of primary increment formation in the otoliths of O + Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), and the effects of temperature, and photoperiod on their formation, fish were held under controlled environmental conditions. Primary growth increments were found in the otoliths of fish held at constant temperature (18° C) and at ambient temperature [fluctuating with a circadian and circannual rhythm (4–18° C)]. Consistent and significant disruptions in increment formation occurred however, in experimental groups subjected to rapid change from ambient photoperiod to a 6L: 6D photo-period for 96 h. Disruptions in increment formation were also observed immediately following transportation of fish between holding facilities and following disease treatment. The number of otolith increments formed in fish held on an ambient photoperiod regime, correlated closely with time elapsed in days since checkmark formation (r= 0.989, P≤0.001) in fish sampled sequentially over a period of 10 to 105 days. Thus we demonstrate that under conditions of ambient photoperiod, primary increments are formed daily.


The present invention relates to a vibro hammer; which is mounted on parts such as steel formed pipes and profiles and used in driving and extracting these parts to and from the soil, and is able to rotate without resonance; and which, by means of the transmission device whose main parts are the stepped shaft, toothed piston and transmission body, performs phase change between the upper weight set and lower weight set with fewer parts.


Key Topics • An overview of global compliance issues, global harmonization initiatives, role of ICH, relevance of Validation activities & the Paradigm Shift • Quality Control and Quality Assurance in analytical, R&D, QC, PD laboratories: General considerations, quality systems, QC procedures, QA oversight, process control measure. • Perspectives of ICH ISO integration: ICH Q1 (stability studies), Q2 (Analytical Methods), Q3 (Impurities), Q7 (Pharma Process), Q9 (Risk Assessment), Q10 (Quality Systems), etc. • Measurement, measurement uncertainty, measurement resolution, total error, and bias • Analytical measurement: Process Model & Risk Assessment (REMS) • A generic, science based outline of Methods Development & Validation [ab initio] • Perspectives of QbD, PAT Directives: On-Line Measurements vs. Off-Line • Validation parameters, their generic definitions, and their practical applications to various methods • Highlights of the guidelines derived from International standards ISO 17025, AOAC, WHO, GLP, GMP, EMEA, USP/EP/ JP, etc. • Standardization/qualification/verification/validation: The implicit continuum • A generic approach to analytical method optimization during development • Some case histories and applications for improvement of validation characteristics • Data integrity and statistical evaluation of analytical data: SQC, control charts • Methods development and optimization in HPLC, UV-VIS including assessment of peak purity, as examples of the most recent techniques widely used in analytical laboratories • Methods validation & regulatory submissions: IND/ ANDA/ NDA/ CMC • Method development and validation by examples (group exercise): How to systematically develop and validate an assay for a trace component in a very complex sample matrix, develop the schematic template of a validation protocol • Perspectives of qualification of various analytical systems (IQ, OQ, PQ) GAMP, USP


Abstract This article examines the recent trend among Northern development organisations to represent development as sexy in awareness and fundraising campaigns. The article argues that the ways in which development organisations represent the global South and development work play an important role in the construction of social power relations between people in the global North and the global South. The representation of development as sexy is compared and contrasted to other representations of development that highlight scarcity and deprivation. The article argues that, although the representation of development as sexy avoids portrayals of poor people in the global South as helpless victims, it presents an image of development in which the most important form of agency is Northern charity.


ABSTRACT A concerted attempt to offer an affect (emotions, desires, moods, and/or attitudes) lens underlying the global university rankings (GURs) phenomenon remains absent. Using two commercial ranker case studies (Times Higher Education (THE) and Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd (QS)), this article provides a critical policy analysis illuminating how rankers use emoscapes (affective landscapes) in globalizing HE policy. Based on an analysis of publicly available rankers' texts, it demonstrates how such rankers construct, exploit, and mobilize emoscapes framing policy problems and offering solutions, thus establishing and maintaining their global HE authority. It reveals two ways this happens. First, by capitalizing on a global precarity emoscape, rankers mobilize policy through affective representational infrastructures to sell policy ideas and tools aimed at enhancing institutions' global prestige defined by their own ranking measures. Second, rankers mobilize a trust emoscape by sponsoring and co-ordinating HE gatherings (another form of affective infrastructure), thus shaping the 'public moods' and binding people's desires for best practices, student mobility, and/or student recruitment. It concludes that emoscapes are vital to these rankers' activities in framing policy and selling their policy solutions, and requires more attention in future critical policy research.


Objectives
 The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the delivery of preventative care and management of acute diseases. This study assesses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on coronary calcium score and coronary CT angiography imaging volume.

 Materials & Methods
 A single institution retrospective review of consecutive patients presenting for coronary calcium score or coronary CT angiography examinations between January 1, 2020 to January 4, 2022 was performed. The weekly number of calcium score and coronary CT angiogram exams were compared over four periods: a baseline pre-COVID-19 period (1/1/2020–3/10/2020); "COVID-19 peak" period (3/11/2020–5/2/2020); 2020 recovery period (5/3/2020-1/4/2021), and 2021 recovery period (1/5/21-1/4/2022).

 Results
 Overall, 1,817 coronary calcium score CT and 5,895 coronary CT angiogram examinations were performed. The average weekly volume of coronary CTA and coronary calcium score CT exams decreased by up to 83% and 100%, respectively, during the COVID-19 peak period compared to the pre-COVID-19 peak period (p<.0001 for both). The post-COVID recovery through 2020 saw weekly coronary CTA volumes rebound to 86% of baseline (49.7 vs. 57.6, p=.024), while coronary calcium score CT volumes remained muted at only a 53% recovery (14.9 vs. 28.2; p<.001). In 2021, coronary CTA imaging eclipsed pre-COVID rates (65.7 vs. 57.6; p=.012), however coronary calcium score CT volume only reached 67% of baseline (18.9 vs. 28.2; p<.001).

 Conclusions
 A significant decrease in both coronary CTA and coronary calcium score CT volume occurred during the peak-COVID-19 period. During subsequent recovery periods in 2020 and 2021, coronary CTA imaging eventually superseded baseline rates, while coronary calcium score CT volumes only reached two thirds of baseline. These findings highlight the importance of resumption of screening exams as the pandemic continues and should prompt clinicians to be aware of potential undertreatment of patients with coronary artery disease as pandemic restrictions are lifted.


This paper presents a rapid geomaterial strength testing method that measures the impact process of a spherical object colliding with a test material. This method is based on Vesic (1977) cavity expansion theory and combines with the technology developed for measuring deformation characteristics (in a companion paper by the authors). In this new method, a geomaterial's strength parameters including its internal friction angle Φ and cohesion c are directly calculated. Results from validation tests demonstrated satisfactory testing accuracy of this method and its unique advantages comparing with conventional laboratory strength tests.


Predictive data race detectors find data races that exist in executions other than the observed execution. Smaragdakis et al. introduced the causally-precedes (CP) relation and a polynomial-time analysis for sound (no false races) predictive data race detection. However, their analysis cannot scale beyond analyzing bounded windows of execution traces. This work introduces a novel dynamic analysis called Raptor that computes CP soundly and completely. Raptor is inherently an online analysis that analyzes and finds all CP-races of an execution trace in its entirety. An evaluation of a prototype implementation of Raptor shows that it scales to program executions that the prior CP analysis cannot handle, finding data races that the prior CP analysis cannot find.


stripped down, melodic approaches of his young antagonists, Kelly helps restore Ravel's relevance during the interwar era, framing him not only as a national figure but also as an innovator whose finger was delicately placed on the pulse of the time. This book is a dazzling synthesis of materials, topics, and approaches to music historiography. It sheds new light on a period when alliances between critics and composers were paramount, when the perception of musical aims and aesthetics were considered vital to culture, and when the initiatives of musical historians actively shaped the way people thought about music and themselves. Kelly's careful curating of 1920s criticism and music leaves the reader feeling hopeful about the ability of musicologists to have an impact on the contemporary understanding of art, and of life.


The performance of the /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/ slanted polarization scheme in terms of the output SINR and the power correlation coefficient is analyzed for the antenna placement in (i) a vertical plane, (ii) a plane inclined at 45/spl deg/ to vertical and (iii) a horizontal plane. These arrangements correspond to their use on a laptop computer for use in a WLAN.


In this review, we report on the most important ideas and features in the field of fern evolution, with particular interest into the main evolutionary
mechanisms that shaped the evolutionary history of their diversification. An exhaustive account for the bibliographical corpus on the matter falls
beyond the space and extent of this work; instead, we will try to focus the different issues by including featured examples from both historical and
recent approaches to the study of the evolutionary mechanisms in ferns


The theoretical model describing spatiotemporal dynamics of He clusters in tungsten, which takes into account He trap generation associated with the growth of He clusters, is presented. This model is characterized by only one fitting dimensionless parameter γ, which describes the number of new He traps generated per one He atom absorbed in existing traps. Application of this model to the formation of the layer of nano-bubbles underneath of the surface of thick He irradiated sample before surface morphology starts to change gives a very good agreement with all available experimental data: (i) surface modification starts to be visible when He ion fluence exceeds the critical value ∼2 − 3 × 1020cm−2, which does not depend on the magnitude of He ion flux to the surface; (ii) the thickness of the layer ∼30 nm; (iii) the characteristic size of nano-bubbles in the layer is ∼2 nm and remains the same within the whole layer. All these parameters were fitted simultaneously with a reasonable value γ ∼ 10−3.


Abstract : This study identifies factors affecting the performance of commercial-off-the-shelf speech recognition software (SRS) when used for ship control purposes. After a review of research in the feasibility and acceptability of SRS-based ship control, the paper examines the effects of: * A restricted vocabulary versus a large vocabulary, * Low experience level conning officers versus high experience level conning officers, * Male versus female voices, * Pre-test training on specific words versus no pre-test training. Controlled experimentation finds that: * The experience level of a conning officer has no significant impact on SRS performance. * Female participants experienced more SRS errors than did their male counterparts. However, in this experiment, only a limited number of trials were available to assess a difference. * SRS with restricted vocabulary performs no better than SRS with large vocabularies. * Using the software "correct as you go" feature may impact software performance. Following the user profile establishment, individual user training on two specific words reduces error rates significantly.


Convective cloud clusters are responsible for most of the rainfall and cloudiness over the tropics, therefore modulating the radiative heating and cooling rates of the surface and atmosphere and influencing the large-scale circulation and moisture distribution. Therefore, understanding how and why tropical convection organizes is important for understanding both tropical and global climate variability. In this study, the problem is approached through the context of idealized modeling of convective organization in radiative-convective equilibrium using a cloud resolving model. Previous studies have investigated interactions between the environment and the convection that allow convection to self-aggregate into a single cluster, and have found this self-aggregation to be dependent sea surface temperature, domain size, and horizontal resolution. To examine the nature of this SST threshold, we will perform threedimensional cloud system resolving simulations with a doubly periodic horizontal domain, and interactive radiation and surface fluxes. These simulations will assess the plausible physical mechanisms controlling the self-aggregation phenomenon and its sensitivities. This work is a follow up of CISL Project Number 35171154, which was previously awarded GAU's on Bluefire through small allocations. The NSF Award on convective organization and climate explicitly stated understanding the physics of self-aggregation as one of its objectives and discussed addressing that question through the use of full-physics cloud system resolving models.


This paper carried out an description on feature information of assembly and put forward the picking up methods for features in three different layers.These methods are inheristance of modeling features,discrimination of boundary matching based on rules and heuristic interactive definition.They can enhance effectively the adaptability of feature collection and play an important role in product's virtual assembly under VR environment.


Summary: From the interest that nowadays the relationship between literature and web publication formats brings about, this article sets out to discuss some theoretical insights that allow clarifying ways of analyzing the irruption of the Blog format in Argentinean literary field. Specifically, the appropriation of the Blog format by recognized authors or by those in the process of being recognized and that have published a book. The reflexions on this situation that attempts to be dressed as "new phenomenon" are structured around two theorical approaches. One puts special emphasis in the technological-communicational development and its implications on the cultural domain, starting from the concept of cultural industry to examine the leading role of the market and its influece on the production of cultural goods. The other approach is not apart from the former but it focuses on the sociology of art and literature, constituted as a necessary complement since it emphasizes the fundamental entity to comprehend the precedent and current literary processes and practices: the literary field itself and its internal movements.


A study was made of the recrystallization behavior of zirconium- containing wrought aluminum alloys after extrusion and cold forming. The experiments used pure a1uminum and Al - Cu - Mg. It was found that zirconium addition increases the critical total reduction after extrusion so that in practice it is possible to retain the press-effect in half-finished products with greater certainty and to largely suppress the undesirable coarse-grain regions. The recrystallization nucleus growth after critical deformation is greatly decreased, which is important in the forging of light metal pieces. (T.R.H.)


Recently, leaders of some of the most well-known global companies have been found guilty of fraud and mismanagement. This article examines 17 fraud-related and mismanagement crises through the lens of Gandy's (1982) information subsidy and Benoit's (1995) image repair theories. The findings show that the content of news releases posted on organizational Web sites during a crisis is being integrated into the news coverage of the crisis. Organizations most frequently use the crisis response tactics of corrective action and bolstering. Background statements and direct quotes from the online news releases are being integrated into news stories and thus provide the opportunity for the organization to tell its side of the story. Implications and applications for communication managers are discussed to help organizations manage fraud and mismanagement crises.


Dignity in care has become a key policy, practice and political priority. This development has become more pressing as media, anecdotal and research reports have highlighted dignity deficits in care. In response to such reports and to concerns of the membership and general public, the Royal College of Nursing initiated a high-profile campaign (Dignity: at the heart of everything we do) involving engagement with stakeholders, a survey of members and the development and dissemination of educational and practice development materials. This article details findings from part of the evaluation of the Royal College of Nursing dignity campaign, which used a qualitative case study design across seven UK sites. The study used interviews with 51 staff members, direct observation of the physical care environment and document analysis, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. The article focuses on two areas: enablers (staff receptivity and creativity; organisational support and leadership; and campaign educational materials) and challenges (time constraints; and staff attitudes and insight).


The analysis of commercial natural resources and protected areas in the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been made. The leading role of hunting, fisheries and protected areas in the region economy has been determined.


In this paper, we describe an efficient modeling architecture for the content-based arithmetic coding on bi-level image. The architecture uses a delay-line buffer to maintain the input pixels such that the pixels in the buffer can be efficiently re-used. Besides, the delay-line buffer can be easily extended and reconfigure for constructing various 'contents.' The experimental result shows that the bottleneck resulting from constructing content for each pixel in a bi-level image can be overcome by the proposed architecture.


In this study I would like to examine the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. In the first part of my article I will talk about the causes of the campaign of 451; the treacheryof Honoria, the Frank succession and the Ostrogothic immigrants in the Visigothic court. Then I will move forward to the campaign, and I will show how the opposing forces manoeuvred, what were their plans, and how they arrived to the place of the battle. Then I will examine the order of the battle, the battle plans, and fight of the forces, which has continued through the night. Then, I will talk about the next couple of days, the sieges of the camps, and the reason why the Romans left the battlefield. Finally, I will finish with my conclusions, the examination of the performance of the military leaders, the losses of the opposing forces, and I will claim the winner in the end of my study.


This chapter presents a palynological analysis of 74 samples of sediments from 66 cores collected from Holes 474, 474A, 475, and 476, in the mouth of the Gulf of California, and Holes 477, 477A, and 478, in the Guaymas Basin. Palynological-stratigraphic analysis of sediments was undertaken to determine biostratigraphic facies distribution, diagenesis of organic matter, type and origin of sedimentary organic matter, heat flow effects on the organic matter, and the effects of intrusion events upon sediments. Slides prepared with both total and traditional (refractive) palynological residues were subjected to optical analysis. Determination of sedimentary environments was based both on analysis of the physical characteristics of the detrital organic and inorganic products and on micropaleontological analysis of organic remains in the residue.


A review of three classes of antennas for data and voice terminals is presented. The first one is a conically shaped beam low-gain antenna for data terminals. Drooping dipoles, quadrifilar helices, and microstrip antennas are described. These antennas can be simple and inexpensive . The second type of mobile terminal antennas are medium gain: microstrip mechanically steered arrays, microstrip electronically steered arrays, and adaptive arrays with a simple beam-steering system. The third type is a high-gain fixed terminal antenna. The noise temperature and G/T values of some antennas are discussed. The results of the vehicle terminal antennas program at AK Electromagnetique in support of developing North American mobile and fixed satellite services are summarized.<<ETX>>


A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between soluble concentrations of arsenic (As) in soil and its accumulation by maize, English ryegrass, rape and sunflower on two different soils: a calcareous Regosol (silty loam) and a noncalcareous Regosol (sandy loam). Arsenic (Na2HAs04 * 7 H2O) was applied to obtain comparable soluble As concentrations in the two soils. In both soils soluble As concentrations, extracted with 0.1 M NaNÛ3, were found to correlate better with As concentrations in plants after four month of growth than total concentrations, extracted with 2 M HNO3. With all four plant species, the relation between soluble concentration in the soil and As accumulation was non-linear, following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Similar soluble As concentrations in the two soils did not result in similar As accumulation by plants. Except for maize, arsenic transport from roots to shoots was significant, resulting in As concentrations in the leaves and seeds above the Swiss tolerance limits for fodder and food crops (4 mg As kg"1 and 0.2 mg As kg" , respectively). Results suggest that beside As solubility, P availability and P demand, which are plant specific, have to be taken into account to predict As uptake of crop plants from As contaminated soils and to predict the risk of arsenic entering into the food chain.


IN RECENT YEARS IT HAS BECOME EVIDENT THAT THE DESIGN OF FREEWAYS--THE GEOMETRIC FEATURES OF ALIGNMENT AND PROFILE, INTERCHANGE CONFIGURATIONS AND SPACING AND, MOST IMPORTANT, THE NUMBER AND ARRANGEMENT OF LANES--MUST BE DETERMINED LARGELY THROUGH CAPACITY ANALYSES. THE PUBLICATION OF THE 1965 HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL WAS A GREAT STEP FORWARD IN FURNISHING THIS DISCIPLINE. THE MANUAL, HOWEVER, IS NOT ORIENTED TO DESIGN APPLICATION AND LACKS CERTAIN DATA AND PROCEDURES. THE NEED TO FILL THESE VOIDS AND UPDATE THE MANUAL IS IMMINENT. TO MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS THIS DISCUSSION DEVELOPS THE LOGIC FOR A PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORK FOR CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF FREEWAYS. BY ADAPTING THE DATA AVAILABLE IN THE MANUAL TO THIS FRAMEWORK, A DIRECT ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS EVOLVED FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF FREEWAYS AT THIS TIME. ANOTHER ASPECT OF THE PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORK DEVELOPED, IS THAT THE SAME LOGIC AND BASICALLY THE SAME FRAMEWORK CAN BE UTILIZED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND DATA COLLECTION AND HENCE FOR THE ULTIMATE UPDATING AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL. THIS PAPER DEVELOPS THE PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF FREEWAY SECTIONS WITH MERGING AND DIVERGING TRAFFIC. THE FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS, AS WELL AS FOR CONDUCTING RESEARCH, IS MADE UP OF SIX INDIVIDUAL OR ISOLATED CASES OF RAMPS (THREE ENTRANCE AND THREE EXIT), AND FOUR COMBINATIONS OF RAMPS IN SEQUENCE. THE RELATIONSHIPS ESTABLISHED FOR EACH OF THESE IN CONJUNCTION WITH TWO, THREE, FOUR AND FIVE TRAFFIC LANES IN ONE DIRECTION ON THE FREEWAY PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR AN ANALYSIS PROCEDURE. TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING MORE COMPLICATED AND EXPANDED RAMP CONFIGURATIONS ALONG FREEWAYS ARE BUILT UPON THESE BASIC RELATIONS. PART OF THE TECHNIQUE INVOLVES THE GROUPING OF SUCCESSIVE RAMPS ALONG A FREEWAY INTO OVERLAPPING PAIRS. THE INFLUENCE OF ONE RAMP UPON ANOTHER IS THEN ISOLATED AND A STANDARD PROCEDURE WITH RESPECT TO LANE DISTRIBUTION IS APPLIED. CONSIDERATION OF LANE BALANCE, LANE CONTINUITY AND POTENTIAL LANE CHANGES ARE PROPOSED AS MEASURES IN CONTINUING FURTHER RESEARCH ON WEAVING SECTIONS. /AUTHOR/


The problem of sediment generation is very pronounced in Southern Zambia and, Lusitu River Catchment in particular. Despite numerous positivistic and geophysical explanations on factors influencing sedimentation, there is still a gap regarding comprehensive understanding of citizens science-based perspectives in the study of geophysical processes, specifically around sedimentation. Previous research has primarily focused on mapping land-use changes and assessing the impact of livelihood activities on geomorphic changes using techniques such as GIS, SWAT, and others, but with minimal or no consideration given to the role of citizens scientific perspectives. The study was informed by analytic eclecticism paradigm and used mixed methodology that was inherently citizens science. Data was collected using observation and semi-structured interviews and was analysed using descriptive statistics namely, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and, thematic analysis. The results showed that agricultural activities particularly, dry season crop field preparation prior to the onset of rainfall and intensive soil tillage farming practices were the major drivers of sedimentation of the Lusitu River. Geomorphic factors driving sedimentation of Lusitu River were gully erosion, loose soils (Leptosols), unstable riverbanks and weak sedimentary rock formations. Addressing the drivers of sedimentation in the Lusitu region requires a holistic approach that recognizes the importance of citizens' scientific perspectives. Efforts should focus on raising awareness and engaging with local communities to promote sustainable land and water management practices. This includes integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific methods, fostering community participation in decision-making processes, and providing access to resources and education. The paper says that, understanding drivers of sedimentation in hydrological systems is a function of understanding not only the geophysical process independent of human perspectives, but also the citizens' scientific perspectives.


The purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of the change in the welfare expenditure of local governments in 2015. This study analyzed the spatial correlation of welfare expenditure among neighboring local governments and determined the factors affecting the welfare expenditures. According to the results of the study, spatial correlation of welfare expenditure among local governments appears. Determinants, such as socio-economic factors, administrative factors, public financial factors are affecting the amount of the welfare expenditures, but local political factors, and local tax, last year's budgets are not correlated with the amount of local welfare expenditures. In this study, it is significant to found out that the spatial correlation of welfare expenditure among the local governments and to examine the determinants. If possible, it is necessary to analyze the time-series analysis using the multi-year welfare expenditure data, expecially self-welfare expenditures.


Acoustic sound generated by the heart mechanical activity, can provide useful information about the condition of heart valves. The heart sound auscultation is the fundamental tool in the evaluation of the cardiovascular system. The advantage of this method is fast, inexpensive and noninvasive. Due to human auscultatory limitation and non-stationary characteristics of phonocardiogram signals (PCG), diagnosis based on sounds that are heard via a stethoscope is difficult skill, therefor it requires a lot of practice. This study has proposed a biomedical automatic system for classification of PCG signals, which, recorded by a digital stethoscope. In order to extract various characteristics of PCG signals, the power spectrum estimation, wavelet transform (WT) and Mel frequency Cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) have been used in feature extraction step. Features are given to four classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and maximum likelihood (ML). The majority voting combination rule is utilized for fusion of different classifiers. The proposed method has been examined on dataset of 90 PCG records containing healthy and three types of cardiac valve diseases (pulmonary stenosis (PS), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)). The experimental results demonstrate that the classifier fusion rule significantly increases the diagnostic accuracy of abnormal PCG. Our proposed method can be used for online classification of PCG in intelligent diagnosis systems.


This study aimed at developing restraint standards for quality and safety of blood transfusion services for blood transfusion administration in clinical blood use, as well as such issues before, during and after transfusion. Such means as literature analysis, blood transfusion adverse event analysis, and system standard interpretation were used to study these issues found in clinical blood use at home and abroad, with key points identified according to the universality, high-prevalence rate, criticality and impact degree. A standard framework is established centering on transfusion service and key points as nodes. Hence a standard text comes into being, comprising four sections and 20 key points.

Key words:
Blood transfusion; Quality control; Safety management; Critical element; Management standards


Interview-based research in multilingual situations can present researchers with specific ethical challenges relating to language-based power play, data handling and presentation. Studies indicate favouring the L1 (first language) as an interviewing language may produce better quality data, but external pressures can favour English as the dominant research language. This article examines researcher perceptions and experiences of the ethical consequences of language choice and the practical issues involved. Interviews were conducted with five European researchers working on an interview-based project with experiences of diverse interviewing scenarios. The four moral principles of respect for autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence were used as a framework for analysis. The analysis revealed a nuanced picture of ethical issues in both L1- and English-oriented scenarios. This included potential misrepresentation and deculturalisation of the data in the former, and language-based power asymmetries in the latter. The findings highlight the importance of documenting ethics-related methodological details of language use, and advocates publication practices favouring the inclusion and foregrounding of L1 data.


An object of the present invention is to provide a pesticidal composition for foliar treatment which has high safety and has a wide herbicidal range without causing the fungus to adhere to cultivated crops when foliage is foliarized with a pyroxic phone. A pesticide composition for foliar application, comprising a cone cloaking material for concealing a phylactic phone and a cone cloaking device, characterized in that the cone cloaking material is a micro- Encapsulated or coated with an antifungal agent.