—A method for perfusion of rat brain ventricles accompanied by electrical stimulation of right vagus nerve was used in the study of the re‐uptake mechanism of norepinephrine in rat brain. Tritiated norepinephrine was injected into the left lateral brain ventricle. After a 1‐hr equilibration period, the brain was perfused, and effluent was collected and assayed for norepinephrine, normetanephrine and acid metabolites by means of column chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. Electrical stimulation of central end of right vagus nerve produced a significant release of norepinephrine and decrease of acid metabolites; this indicates a shift of catecholamines to extracellular sites. Angiotensin (200 ng/min) added to the perfusion fluid potentiated the effect of nerve stimulation. Cocaine, desmethylimipramine and phenoxybenzamine greatly reduced the release of norepinephrine from brain tissue. None on these drugs potentiated the effect of angiotensin. It is concluded that angiotensin prevents re‐uptake of norepinephrine released by nerve stimulation. As a naturally occurring, physiologically active peptide, angiotensin seems to be highly specific in modulation of adrenergie neurotransmission, allowing increased extraneuronal accumulation of neurotransmitter.


PURPOSE: To provide a battery pack fixing device for the portable telephone set able to surely support a battery pack in which a pressing pressure of a lock release button is reduced. CONSTITUTION: A bearing part 12 having a long insert part long in a direction at a right angle to a bottom 7a is provided to a moving hook container 7 and a projection 8 is provided to an upper face and a moving hook exposure part 9 is formed to a battery pack mount 4 and a moving hook 13 having a claw 14 is contained and a support shaft 16 is inserted to the bearing part 12, the moving hook 13 is lifted up by a coil spring 17 to project the claw 14 from the moving hook exposure part 9 and when the telephone set is fallen down or a battery pack 3 is pulled, the moving hook 13 is lifted up through the claw 14 engaged with an engagement recessed part 21 and the support shaft 16 is in contact with an upper ridge of the bearing part 12 and an upper end of the claw 14 is in butting contact with the projection 8 to block the turning of the moving hook 13, the claw 14 is not unlocked to support the battery pack 3 strongly. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Relationship between hsp 70 expression and development of thermotolerance in the olive flounder was investigated by exposing the fish to 23 or 26℃ for 1 h. After selected intervals, they were re-exposed to 31℃ for a duration of 15 min. Theremotolerance rapidly developed with increasing interval and peaked at 3 h interval. Subsequently, it gradually decayed and disappeared by 24 h interval. The flounder displayed remarkably high levels of hsp 70 mRNA and protein, as compared to control flounder. Hence, the olive flounder acquires thermotolerance, which is positively correlated with the synthesis of hsp 70.


A two-dimensional numerical model was developed to study the time evolution of wake structure around a cube satellite moving in a plasma with transonic speed. The cube satellite was simplified to be a 2D metal cylinder with a square cross section. An electric potential is then applied to the metal cylinder. The numerical scheme was compared to the analytical solution for a 1D problem before being applied to the 2D model. The study provided an initial understanding of plasma behavior around the 2D cube satellite model when it is in its orbit.


Hypothesis / aims of study 14% of women between 50-79 years are presenting with cystocele (1). The primary surgical correction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse is mostly performed by classical colporrhaphy. However, results in randomized trials generally show a large variation of high failure rates up to 60% (2), potentially related to modifications of the surgical technique. For this reason mesh repair techniques have become increasingly popular, regardless of partly severe side effects associated with use of mesh in the vagina. The aim of the present study was to assess the reoperation rate of anterior vaginal wall prolapse after plication of the advent itia overlying the bladder compared to the reoperation rate after plication of the urogenital diaphragm.


Objective To study the effects of the different concentrations of ethanol extracts of Smilax China on ear edema in mice and granuloma in rats,and to provide an evidence for optimizing the extraction process. Methods Effects of different concentrations of ethanol extracts of Smilax China on the xylene-induced ear edema in mice and the cotton ball-induced granuloma hyperplasia in rats were tested. Results Compared with the model controls,70% ethanol extracts of Smilax China at high,medium and low doses significantly inhibited ear edema in mice( t = 2. 58,P 0. 05; t = 2. 28,P 0. 05; t = 2. 17,P 0. 05) and reduced the granuloma hyperplasia in rats( t = 5. 28,P 0. 01; t = 5. 24,P 0. 01; t = 5. 17,P 0. 01). Conclusion The 70% ethanol extracts of Smilax China at three doses present the most active antiinflammatory effect,confirmed in both mice ear edema and rats granuloma models.


The technological evolution in the recent years allowed us to improve computers. Consequently, the numeric calculus with computational methods had a big progress. In theoretical physics that had a benefit with this technology, we can highlight the cal‐ culation of the solids' electronic structure. Using the first principles method, LMTO (Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital) with the ASA (Atomic Sphere Approximation) approxi‐ mation, we will study the band structure in the magnetic multilayers. The choice of these methods was based on two aspects: (a) The computer available to perform the job; a CRAY super computer that belongs to the Supercomputer National Center. Be‐ cause the LTMO method presents good vectorization, it allows us to perform calcula‐ tions with many atoms in the unitary cell, which would be too difficult with a smaller computer. (b) The fact that the LMTO method already presented good results in stud‐ ies like intermetallic alloys and of iron nitride substituted.


The thesis and its corollary have been proposed by Campbell that streams flowing essentially at and below tidal level have no power to meander, and that meanders in such streams are indicative of drowning. The Brazos River, Texas, is tidal for the lower 48 1/2 miles of its course; it is discontinuously meandering throughout that distance, and a meander within a mile air-line distance from the coast has shifted 1,600 feet coast-ward since the first survey of the river in the seventies of the past century. The problem of the meandering involves a consideration of many factors. Special conditions of some of the factors aid the meandering of tidal streams, and a change of these conditions may leave stagnant tidal meanders not due to drowning. The paper does not pretend to be a finished study of the problem, but its purpose is to show the necessity of a more thorough study of meandering, especially the meandering of tidal streams.


Movement of man and material across spaces is accomplished through some definite channels of transport network. These channels consist of nodes and routes connecting these nodes. On the efficiency and fluency of linkages between the places the advancement of a region depends upon. The present paper is an humble submission to explore the existing linkage system , evaluate areal accessibility, measure nodal accessibility with reference to Puncha Block of Purulia District, one of the backward Districts of West Bengal. The Study found Puncha and Kenda as high accessible zones. Most of the pockets of the Block represents a very disappointing figure in respect of accessibility measures. The areal network found to be branching. The existing tree sort of network should be enhanced into a circuitary network implying maximum connections. This can be achieved by increasing number of lower order tributary linkages to the existing linkage system.


Thank you for downloading the strategic treasurer a partnership for corporate growth. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this the strategic treasurer a partnership for corporate growth, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


The invention discloses a window film core functional layer and a preparation method thereof. The window film core functional layer comprises a PET substrate thin film, and a first transparent oxide layer, a first composite metal layer, a second transparent oxide layer, a second composite metal layer, a third transparent oxide layer and an outer side seal layer which are sequentially deposited from bottom to top by magnetron sputtering. The preparation method of the window film core functional layer comprises the step of sequentially performing coating in six chambers of a six-chamber coiling type magnetron sputtering coating machine or a double-roller and three-chamber coiling type magnetron sputtering coating machine to form the magnetron sputtering layers. The window film core functional layer has the beneficial effects that an Au layer with the thickness of 3-10nm is deposited at the outer side of the third transparent oxide by magnetron sputtering, so that the infrared reflectivity is increased to 90% from 80%; the reflectivity of visible light is reduced while the infrared reflectivity is increased, so that the temperature in a chamber using the window film core functional layer is maintained to be constant while lighting is not influenced.


Gas carrying with wash oil after the benzol washer,disease of wash oil,leaking oil of oil water separator etc. are the main factors influencing the consumption of circular wash oil. The adaptability reform of the crude benzol system is done, and the operation of oil water separator is strengthened, thereby the wash oil consumption in use for every one ton light benzol is decreased from 102kg to 80kg, the annual operation cost is decreased by 400 thousand Yuan.


FIGURE 5. Nuptial pad of Scinax melanodactylus sp. nov. (CFBH 36902). (A) Dorsal view of finger II. (B) Ventral view of finger II. (A – B) Scale bar = 500 µm. (C – E) Scanning electron micrographs of nuptial pad. (C) General view of finger II. Notice the epidermal modification of the nuptial pad area. Scale bar = 100 µm. (D) Higher magnification of nuptial pad viewed from above showing the irregularly EPs, scale bar = 20 µm. (E) Detailed view of a single EP, scale bar = 5 µm. (F-H) Nuptial pad of Scinax agilis. (F) Dorsal view of finger II. Scale bar = 500 µm. (G) Scanning electron micrographs of finger II. Note the absence of a distinctively area. Scale bar = 200 µm. (H) Detail of the area delimited in (G) showing absence of EPs. Scale bar = 20 µm. (I- J) Nuptial pad of Scinax berthae. (I) Scanning electron micrographs of finger II. Note the presence of EPs. Scale bar = 200 µm. (J) Detail of the area delimited in (I) showing smooth EPs. Scale bar = 50 µm.


Summary One hundred and seventeen people, including controls and patients after recovery from myocardial infarction (MI) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and of both sexes, have been subjected to a battery of tests thought to test platelet function. The object was to find differences which might indicate whether long-term platelet abnormalities could be demonstrated. Differences between MI and DVT results might suggest that different mechanisms are involved. The bleeding time tests were shorter in MI patients of both sexes than their respective controls and male controls have shorter bleeding times than females, but patients with DVT did not differ significantly from the controls. Tests involving platelet factor 3 and platelet factor 4 show increased activity in one or both patient groups. Thus there is considerable evidence of increased platelet/plasma activity in these disease states. The aggregation induced by thrombin was less in patients with MI and DVT than in the controls. An analysis suggests that the different groups of tests are not related and so presumably are measuring independent functions. Multiple discriminant analysis achieved for each sex moderately good separation of the three groups, namely controls, MI and DVT. These findings support the concept that there are long-term but partly differing abnormalities in MI and DVT which may predispose to thrombosis. The precise mechanisms involved need further clarification.


Cornea, Conjunctiva, And Sclera. Uvea and Lens. Retina and Vitreous. Glaucoma. Eyelids. Orbit. Neuroophthalmology. Pediatric Ophthalmology. The Eye and Systemic Disease. Ocular Oncology. Trauma.


This article focus on the interactions between assets structure and financial structure of French firms specialized in New Technology of information and Communication. We select a sample of firms in the database DIANE and apply data analysis methods and Dissymetricial Correspondence Factorial Analysis. Our results show the interdependence between assets structure and financial structure of firms. Assets structures influence financial structures. Liquid and secured assets improve the access of firms to short term banking loans. Intangible assets are bound to high leverage and low liquidity firms finance more themselves with trade credit. Financial structures influence assets structures too. More the access to finance (internal, subsidize or debt) is easy, the more the firms innovate. Creditors finance influence negatively the liquidity of firms whereas short term banking debt make liquidity increase.


• Useful knowledge, information, and technology are now widely distributed around the world. • Increased global competition and higher rates of growth in the developing world are leading to greater wealth and rising standards of living, while stagnation is taking hold in most developed economies. • The advanced economics are confronting unsustainably high levels of debt that, ironically, are being financed by lending from poorer developing economies.


The conductances, densities, and viscosities of concentrated solutions of ammonium chloride in water, at 25 °C, have been determined with good agreement with existing conductance data. The same data have been obtained for mixed solutions of indium trichloride and ammonium chloride. The fact that the conductance is always much less than the sum of the individual conductances, in some cases less than that of indium chloride alone, points to the existence of a complex in solution.


Several scenarios beyond the Standard Model predict long-lived particles resulting in a wide variety of detector signatures depending on the nature of the particles and the decay lengths. Signals from long-lived particles are investigated by the ATLAS and CMS experiments exploiting different signatures, ranging from abnormal energy losses, to appearing or disappearing tracks, displaced vertices, lepton-jet signatures, long time-of-flight or late calorimetric energy deposits. This contribution summarizes the most recent results of the searches performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the ATLAS and CMS detectors during the Run-1 data taking campaign. No evidence of any new physics is observed so far in any analysis, and the results are used to set stringent constraint on supersymmetric or hidden sector models.


By ensuring the finite-time convergence to equilibrium point under disturbance, the high-order terminal sliding-mode (HO-TSM) current controller can improve the system robustness for induction motor (IM) drives. However, the existing HO-TSM still suffers from the drawback that it cannot obtain rapid convergence and effective chattering suppression simultaneously. To address this problem, a fast HO-TSM current controller is studied with the modifications from three aspects. First, a fast HO-TSM surface is designed to improve the convergence speed when the system state is on the designed surface. Second, the control law is modified with a linear integral term to enhance the capability of disturbance compensation. Third, a nonlinear gain is introduced to adjust the gain value, leading to satisfactory chattering suppression during steady state. Compared with conventional HO-TSM, the studied method can achieve strong robustness to disturbance, rapid convergence, and improved chattering suppression capability at the same time. Finally, the superiority of studied method is verified by the experimental results from a 3.7 kW IM test bench.


The collision restitution coefficient (CRC) is the essential parameter of the discrete element method (DEM) to study the interaction mechanism between corn seed and soil. The accuracy of its measurement results is the criticalness to ensuring simulation accuracy. In the current study, the CRC between corn seed and soil is mainly measured by the method of corn seed colliding with soil. However, since the soil is a granular body, the essence of the collision of corn seed with soil is the collision between one corn seed and a quantity of soil particles, resulting in inaccurate measurement results soil particles. Therefore, based on the collision dynamics theory of mass point and fixed surface, this paper proposed a measurement method of CRC to study the interaction mechanism between corn seed and soil. This paper analyzed the influence of mass point selection on the measurement results of CRC in the collision process. The measurement method was determined by taking soil particle as mass point and corn seed as fixed surface. To verify the feasibility of this method, a CRC measurement system was established based on high-speed camera technology. The soil particle was dropped at the heights of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm to collide with the corn seed. The separation velocity and approaching velocity of the soil particle was measured to obtain the CRC between the corn seed and soil. Taking the CRC as the essential parameter of discrete element simulation, the discrete element simulation experiment (DESE) and the soil bin experiment (SBE)of corn seed free fall impact on soil were carried out, and the experiment results were compared and analyzed. In the experiment, the falling height (40, 50, 60, 70 cm) of corn seed and the touching position of the corn seed (positions a, b, c, d) were taken as the influencing factors. The movement state of corn seed and the separation approaching velocity ratio (SAVR) ξ during the collision were taken as the indexes. The results showed that when the positions of corn seed touched the soil was the same, with the increase of the falling height, the SAVR ξ obtained from the DESE and the SBE showed a downward trend. When the falling height was the same, and the corn seed touched the soil at positions b, c, and d, the motion state in the DESE was basically the same as that in the SBE. The relative error of the SAVR between the DESE and the SBE was less than 10%, which proves the feasibility of the method proposed in this paper. The measurement method of the CRC between corn seed and soil proposed in this study provided a theoretical research basis for clarifying the interaction mechanism between corn seed and soil and solving the seed bouncing in high-speed precision sowing.


The Uncanny Valley (UV) has become a standard term for the theory that near-photorealistic virtual humans often appear unintentionally erie or creepy. This UV theory was first hypothesized by robotics professor Masahiro Mori in the 1970's [Mori 1970] but is still taken seriously today by movie and game developers as it can stop audiences feeling emotionally engaged in their stories or games. It has been speculated that this is due to audiences feeling a lack of empathy towards the characters. With the increase in popularity of interactive drama video games (such as L.A. Noire or Heavy Rain), delivering realistic conversing virtual characters has now become very important in the real-time domain. Video game rendering techniques have advanced to a very high quality; however, most games still use linear blend skinning due to the speed of computation. This causes a mismatch between the realism of the appearance and animation, which can result in an uncanny character. Many game developers opt for a stylised rendering (such as cel-shading) to avoid the uncanny effect [Thompson 2004]. In this preliminary work, we begin to study the complex interaction between rendering style and perceived trust, in order to provide guidelines for developers for creating plausible virtual characters.


A new combustion route for the synthesis of nanosized ã-Fe203 through a self-propagating combustion synthesis-using Poly (ethylene glycol) as a fuel is reported. The precursor, ferrous citrate is employed in the synthesis of Nanosized g-Fe203. The structure, morphology and bonding of as synthesized ã-Fe203 sample are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and infrared (IR) techniques respectively. keywords: Nanosized ã-Fe203' Po|y (ethylene glycol), Combustion reaction and precursor.


Small business is a growth industry in the United States. Persons with disabilities are among those who are taking part by starting up businesses, especially home-based businesses. Assistive technology is a key break through which has enabled people with disabilities to compete as small business owners. Assistive technology includes rehabilitative, adaptive, and assistive devices and the procedure for selecting them. The different types of assistive technology available to a small business owner with learning, hearing, visual, or physical disabilities are discussed.


Labour productivity is a key factor of economic growth and change in living standards and plays an important role as a measure of the competitiveness of countries. Both the increase and decrease in productivity affects the functioning of all forms of economic activity. The lack of


Methyl alcohol (CH3OH) and its deuterated varieties account for a total of 174 wavelengths or about 25% of all of the optically pumped FIR laser lines.[1] In addition, the highest CW power, so far, of over 50 mW has been obtained from the 118.8 μm line of CH3OH. Until now however, none of the transitions have been assigned except for a tentative identification by Chang[2] of the 570.57 μm line as a J' = 11 → 10 transition pumped via an R (10) absorption line. Accurate frequency measurements have recently been performed for a number of the stronger CW laser lines[3] Combining this data with the high dispersion spectra of the CO stretch bands of normal and deuterated methanol,[4] we have been able to assign most of the high power CW laser lines of CH3OH.


We develop, in the context of the boundary of a supercritical Galton–Watson tree, a uniform version of large deviation estimate on homogeneous trees to estimate almost surely and simultaneously the...


Due to the integration of large-scale distributed photovoltaic (PV) and the access of electronic devices, distribution networks are suffering from more and more serious voltage risks. Inherent uncertainty of PV generation poses significant challenges to voltage control. By using appropriate methods, PV inverters can autonomously regulate reactive power output in a distributed manner to improve voltage profile in networks. In this paper, a distributed Newton-based voltage control method is presented to realize distributed coordination of PV generation, which can fast respond to voltage mismatch and realize voltage profiles optimization. Exhibiting a more efficient, reliable and flexible performance than existing decentralized methods in case studies, the proposed method is demonstrated to be effectively to organize and control PV generation to provide corresponding reactive power support and exert "friendly" effect on distribution networks.


A two-level hierarchical clustering based hybrid routing protocol (THCHP) for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper. The per frame time average energy dissipation performance of THCHP is analytically evaluated. The accuracy of the derived analytical expression is validated via comparisons with simulation results. Furthermore, we compare the performance of THCHP to the previously proposed APTEEN protocol. Our results show that THCHP achieves significant energy savings when compared to APTEEN. In addition, comparisons between the average query response times of THCHP and APTEEN show that the proposed THCHP scheme achieves a much lower query response time and can operate over a broad range of query arrival rates with minimal increases in response time.


Abstract : Since the Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) was established in 2002, its focus has been on knowledge, people, and innovation. Innovative ship design requires people with the proper training, education, and experience. It also requires the effective use of knowledge resources. The extent to which an organization performs well, will depend, among other things, on how effectively its people can create new knowledge, share knowledge around the organization, and use that knowledge to best effect. NAVSEA 05D recognized that effective knowledge management would help it achieve its overall strategy and goals. As a result, NAVSEA 05D funded CISD to work on a knowledge management project directed at their Ship Design and Certification Network (SDCN). Although it was realized that the resources available would limit the scope of the project, the intent was still to produce tangible results. The goal was to provide an effective way to find documents on the SDCN, an indication of a document's overall likelihood to contain reliable information, a method for personnel to provide feedback on the quality of any information in a document, and to ensure data files used for each design study remain unaltered and final design report. This report summarizes the work undertaken to achieve these goals.


In this important addition to the slender library of drug policy studies, Massing traces the history of support for drug user treatment from the Nixon to the Clinton Administration. Selecting as protagonists Jerome Jaffe, who established much of that which was good in federal drug user treatment policy, and Rafael Flores. who implemented that policy with a courage and skill that often belied the resources he had available to him, Massing's history-while carefully documented thoroughout-reads far more like a novel than the weighty and important analysis it is. Expressing more sorrow than anger, Massing traces the path from a primary emphasis on treatment to the current emphasis on interdiction, describing in the process the problems encountered in consequence of the road not taken. It is Massing's thesis that much as Nixon could go to China and nullify his conservative constituency, the President could espouse a policy that regarded drug use as a rehabilitable condition and, influenced by the seminal work of Jaffe and the availability of newly developed treatment strategies, could remove drug use from the overriding dominance of the criminal justice system and place it under the authority of the public health system. As described by Massing, the imaginative and comprehensive treatment system implemented 30 years ago was dismantled over the ensuing years, in significant part because drug use treatment found no later champion in the White House and few of consequence in Congress. Rather, the support for treatment and a concern for the well-being of drug user clients has come to depend increasingly on the creativity, determination, and persistence of the Jaffes and Flores-whose numbers are always in too short a supply. As reported by Massing, the same forces that were instrumental in creating a concern with drug user treatment-the need to contain crime and to make city streets safe--were to erode the public health commitment to treatment and promote a criminal justice response. Thus, in spite of the concerns of his own advisors, Nelson Rokefeller instituted a get tough on addicts initiative with mandatory sentencing as its centerpiece. Appearing to


It is considered regularization of partially set laws of functioning of the discrete determined dynamic systems (automatons), considered as mathematical model of systems. For representation of automatons is used the apparatus of geometrical images of the state machines, offered and developed by Tverdohlebov V. A and based on geometrical representation of laws of functioning. In paper is carried out the analysis of efficiency of application of classical methods of interpolation of Newton, Lagrange, Gauss, Bessel, spline-interpolation methods (and other) to partially set laws of functioning of the automatons, presented by partially set geometrical images in the form of numerical graphics. New effective methods of a choice of base points of interpolation are offered. It is investigated efficiency of regularization of laws of functioning of automatons at various number and methods of a choice of base points of interpolation. Mathematics Subject Classification: 68R01


Purpose: Develop and validate a PET gating algorithm based on the amplitude of respiration to correct for abnormal respiratory cycles. Method and Materials: Using the 4D NCAT phantom model, 3D PET images were simulated in lung and other structures at different times within a respiratory cycle. To compare the amplitude gating algorithm with time gating, NCAT phantom was used to simulate a case with 5 different respiratory periods. We generated 6–10 frames over one respiratory cycle (corresponding to 3–5 s respiratory periods) and summed the results to mimic clinical imaging.Images were reconstructed with and without respiration motion. Comparison was performed for gated and un‐gated images, and for the new amplitude binning algorithm with the time binning algorithm by calculating the mean number of counts in the ROI. Lesion‐to‐background ratios were 2.5, 5 and 8. Lesion diameters were 6 mm, 8.5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm. Simulated images were created using a Gaussian distributed random number generator. Blurring due to the finite PET image resolution was simulated by the convolution of each slice with a Gaussian filter with FWHM of 1.6 pixel. Results: As both the L/B ratio and lesion size decreases, image degradation due to respiration increases. The greater benefit for smaller diameter lesion and lower L/B ratio indicates a potential improvement in detecting more problematic lesions. Little improvement is gained for large lesions with high L/B ratios. But these are relatively easy to diagnose and gating is probably not necessary. Conclusion: From the study made using 4D NCAT simulation, it was observed that in each selected ROI, the relative activity values in four cases are: Ideal PET images (without respiratory motion) > Amplitude Gated PET images > Time Gated PET images > Un‐gated PET images, here greater value means better and more accurate lesion detection.


For nearly two centuries, many women have made their career in teaching. Yet until recently, scholars, including feminists, ignored the ways women teachers perceived their work and negotiated the dissonance between gender expectations of their time and their experience as teachers. Here are four books, dealing with English, Australian, and American societies, that throw new light on the aspirations of women teachers and how, since the nineteenth century, they have constructed their lives. Together, these books provide a fascinating comparison of the social structure of the United States, England, and Australia—albeit in overlapping but somewhat different periods. Each book is based upon extensive research. Three authors—Dina M. Copelman, AUson Oram, and MarjorieTheobald—use official records, such as parliamentary papers of Britain, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Victoria; records of the School Board for London and individual schools; log books of particular teacher centers; and, in Britain, the records of the National Union of Teachers, the National Union of Women Teachers, the Association of Assistant Mistresses, and the National Association of Schoolmasters. Copelman and Oram also interviewed retired teachers whose recollections they cite in conjunction with those of other teachers interviewed for the Edwardian Oral History Archive; and they quote from memoirs, teacher magazines, and journals. Sari Knopp Biklen's research methodology differs markedly from that used by the other three authors. Grounding her work in sociology and feminist theory, Biklen


This study proposes a new non-contact approach allows detecting, measuring and tracking the change of cracks in the historical structure using photogrammetric techniques and computer methods. The proposed procedure used an accurate generation of true orthophoto of the studied structure using precise 3D surface representations derived from laser scanning and several digital images that entirely cover the object of interest. Cracks are extracted from the generated orthophoto using a series of image processing techniques. The developed algorithm is applied to analyze and monitor the structural damage in Amra Palace, a UNESCO world heritage site, in Jordan desert.


The adsorption of cetylpyridinium bromide to the silica−aqueous interface has been studied using optical reflectometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of pH, electrolyte, and surface preparation on the surface excess and adsorption kinetics are reported. AFM imaging above the critical surface aggregation concentration (CSAC) elucidates spherical surface structures in the absence of electrolyte and elongated cylindrical structures with added electrolyte. At concentrations around the CSAC, adsorption proceeds slowly in the absence of salt and takes hours to reach an equilibrium value. At all other concentrations and even at the CSAC when electrolyte is present, the adsorption is complete within minutes. The concentration range for which slow adsorption is apparent has been termed the slow adsorption region (SAR) of the adsorption isotherm. AFM imaging of surfactant adsorption in the SAR suggests that the slow adsorption kinetics are due to the gradual formation of surface structures in this r...


The photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra of MOCVD grown double heterostructures GaN/InGaN/GaN with InN concentration in the solution range 0.4–2% were studied within the temperature interval 2–300 K. A fine structure of the PL band found at T = 2 K is attributed to exciton localization at small In clusters of size s = 2 and 3 in the cation sublattice. The temperature variation of the PL spectra shows that the PL band maximum position ϵmaxPL(T) follows either "normal" or "anomalous" ("S-shaped") behavior in dependence on the concentration of In. We argue that the anomalous behavior is due to long-living excited (metastable) states of fractal-like complexes of s = 2 clusters which occur in the region of the mobility edge due to a random spatial distribution of clusters and participate in the formation of the high energy part of the PL band. Their small relaxation rate at lowest temperatures and their high sensitivity to the temperature variation are considered as the reason of the "anomalous" behavior of PL bands.


year-olds using marijuana in the past year were 16 times higher among those adolescents who thought their friends would not be &dquo;very&dquo; upset if they tried marijuana once or twice than among those whose friends felt differently. Conversely, a perception of strong antidrug attitudes appears to be a powerful inhibitor of drug use among close friends. Although peer attitudes had more influence compared with parental attitudes, strong antidrug attitudes by parents are also one of the most powerful inhibitors of drug use. &dquo;Parents want to do what is best for their children,&dquo; said Joseph H. Autry III, MD, acting SAMHSA administrator.


Noise distribution of real images is often unknown, and generally has no regularity, therefore the denoising of real images has always been challenging. Based on the prior knowledge that there are a large number of self-similar patches within real images, this paper considers that the similarity and the number of similar patches in real images are different, and then proposes a similarity function to estimate texture features of patch groups. After clustering similar patches by using Gaussian mixture model (GMM), an efficient adaptive iterative scheme for low-rank denoising is proposed to enhance sparsity of patch group and prevent over-smoothness simultaneously.


The invention proposes a video image enhancement processing method based on background reuse. A conclusion that a common background has invariance property in a video recorded by a fixed camera is made through observation and comparison. The method carries out the background reuse according to the invariance property. The method comprises the steps: firstly recognizing a moving object in the video through employing an inter-frame difference algorithm, finding the minimum and maximum coordinates of the moving object through the continuous comparison with a threshold value, and marking the rectangular frame of the moving object; secondly carrying out the background extraction and refreshing through employing a simplified continuous frame difference method; thirdly respectively carrying out the defogging of the moving object and the background through employing a dark primary color prior method, carrying out the frame-by-frame defogging of the moving object, carrying out the timing processing of the background, combining the background with the moving object after defogging, and completing the defogging of the video. The method advantageous in that the method can greatly improve the operating speed in the video with the fixed background, and achieves the high-quality video defogging effect.


Abstract : The limitations of organic scintillatorsnon-proportionality to MeV protons, low luminosity and photon transport, and transportation and safety hazardsimpose severe practical constraints and raise challenges for fast-neutron detection applications requiring their use. The results of this project provide fundamental insight into the electronic and structural features of novel scintillating materials known as metal organic frameworks (MOFs). The properties of MOF, including nanoporosity, ultrahigh surface areas, ion-induced luminescence, and synthetically flexible structure, present unique advantages for radiation detection over existing organic scintillator materials. In addition, MOFs provide a tailorable nanolaboratory for understanding fundamental aspects of the scintillation process in organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators.


A roundish slightly mobile mass was found in the superior left eyelid of a 44-year old man with a two year history of recurrent eyelid edema and frontal headache. Contact B scan showed an uncompressible roundish eyelid mass extending to the anterior upper nasal orbit with sponge-like internal texture. On standardized A-scan the lesion showed medium to low internal reflectivity with a regular heterogeneous structure and defined borders: no spontaneous vertical movements of the echo spikes were detectable. CT scan evidenced a high density lesion enhanced by contrast. Echo-guided fine needle aspiration twice failed to obtain adequate material. For diagnostic and cosmetic purposes the mass was excised. Histological evaluation evidenced vascular spaces and roundish glomus cells, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge this is the first pathological echographic correlation of a glomus tumor.


The present invention provides a special reagent for the pretreatment of sample materials. The pretreatment with the reagent according to the invention enables the isolation of nucleic acids by a uniform method from very diverse sample materials, in particular different bioprocess samples, even if the nucleic acids are only present in small amounts in the sample materials. The reagent used for the pretreatment comprises, as key component, at least one compound comprising an amino group. The invention further relates to methods of purification of nucleic acids, in which the sample material is pretreated correspondingly, and suitable kits.


The paper presents a case for a new method for computing the VaR for a set of fixed income securities based on extreme value theory that models the tail probabilities directly without making any assumption about the distribution of entire return process. It compares the estimates of VaR for a portfolio of fixed income securities across three methods: Variance-Covariance method, Historical Simulation method and Extreme Value method and finds that extreme value method provides the accurate VaR estimator in terms of correct failure ratio and the size of VaR. ∗Email: email@example.com Useful comments from Ajay Shah, Vardhana Pawaskar, Susan Thomas and Sudipta Dutta Roy are acknowledged. This is a preliminary version.


This paper examines, experimentally the affects of competition, horizontal information asymmetry and commitment on budget reports where two subordinates with asymmetric information regarding project costs report to one superior. Superiors commit to one of four project acceptance rules which vary in restrictiveness, or evaluate reports after receiving them. Superior welfare equals the project return less reported costs, while subordinate welfare equals reported less actual costs. The rational, wealth maximizing prediction is that subordinates will collude or otherwise report the maximum cost except under commitment to the most restrictive rule which accepts only the lowest budget report. However, social comparison theory suggests competition from relative evaluations may increase when costs are correlated due to an increase in similarity which may motivate subordinates to return more budget surplus to superiors. Social interdependence theory suggests allowing subordinates to observe each other's costs prior to reporting when horizontal information asymmetry is low may increase cooperation and collusion by limiting their ability to compete for project funding. The results find subordinates return more budget surplus when costs are highly compared to moderately correlated only under commitment to rules intermediate in restrictiveness. They also condition reports on each other's costs consistent with motives for personal gain, in addition to returning less surplus when superiors commit to intermediate rules when horizontal information asymmetry is low. Subordinates also generally return more surplus when superiors commit to project acceptance rules compared to evaluating reports after receiving them, and more so for intermediate rules when horizontal information asymmetry is high.


The recent expeditious growth of Muslim population in the world initiates a dramatic upsurge of demand for Hijab fashion. Hijab fashion is a green and sustainable fashion in accordance with Islamic principles on the modesty, safety, cleanliness, and comfort of clothings. Hijab supply chain is an indispensable issue, predominantly for Muslim consumers, manufacturers, and suppliers that oblige global Muslim markets. Nonetheless, research on Hijab fashion is very limited. More specifically, although knowledge of products has a significant consequence on consumers' intention to buy Hijab, no preceding research have attempted to hypothesize the relationship between the knowledge dimensions of Hijab supply chain and consumer purchase intention. This paper attempts to propose an initial framework regarding Hijab purchase behavior. After an overall search of research articles directed in journal reference lists and electronic databases, the conceptual framework was created to hand out a set of propositions highlighting how to strengthen the link between consumers' knowledge dimensions and their intention to purchase Hijab. Recommendations for future research and strategies to boost the advantages for Hijab fashion suppliers, manufacturers, and marketers can be obtained from this model.


Throughout past decades the lifestyle of people has been changing revolutionarily due to the rapid changes in Information and communication Technology (ICT). But still all the learners do not get the advantage of ICT for their education and for accessing of information. In order to provide equal opportunities to the disabled learners, ICT educational tools can be used. This study mainly focuses on developing a framework for VI undergraduates in state universities to introduce ICT as a learning aid which enhances the quality of their education. Therefore, to achieve the main objective 63 VI students, academic and academic support staff members were interviewed and gathered data. This is an exploratory study which goes through a certain pattern, a model development and hypothesis formulation. The sample was selected purposively and divided in to three groups based on their ICT usage for the learning purposes as: Fully Computer assisted Learning (Fully CAL), Partially Computer Assisted Learning (Partially CAL) and Non Computer Assisted Learning (Non CAL). For data analysis cross tabulation, chi square tests and descriptive statics were used. Results concluded the physical, social, economic, educational and institutional factors directly affective ICT usage patterns of VI undergraduates. Research results illustrates that the ICT usage as a learning aid can be increased by increasing the support of academic staff and the institutional facilities provided for VI students.


Lower stocking densities may play a significant role in minimizing difficulties such as necrotic enteritis when reducing or eliminating antimicrobials (antibiotic free; ABF) in poultry diets. As the demand for poultry and associated products increases, one of the major concerns centers on the question of whether stocking density elicits adaptive responses that are characteristic of physiological stress. This study investigated the effect of stocking density and antimicrobial inclusion on selected blood physiological variables of broilers grown to 3 kg at 42 days of age. A total of 888 1-d-old Ross x Ross 708 chicks were randomly distributed into 24 pens based on stocking density treatments assignment. The treatments consisted of 4 densities (29, 33, 39, and 42 kg/m2) with six replicates. Treatments were blocked within the room to account for any variations in room conditions. Treatment assignments were randomized within each block. Used bedding was obtained from commercial farms to simulate commercial conditions. Feed and water provided ad libitum. Birds were provided a three phase-feeding program (Starter: 0-14 d, Grower: 15-28 d, and Finisher: 29-42 d). Birds and feed were weighed on 1, 14, 28, and 42 d of age for growth performance. Blood samples were collected from the brachial wing vein of 3 birds per pen on d 21 and 42, which were then analyzed immediately for whole blood physiological variables. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for T3, T4, and corticosterone. Results show there was only effect of stocking density on pCO2, which was within physiological ranges for this species. In addition, blood glucose and plasma corticosterone concentrations were not affected by stocking density, suggesting an absence of physiological stress. In conclusion, stocking densities up to 42 kg/m2 with appropriate environmental management may be suitable for both poultry integrators and contract growers to enhance broilers production efficiency without compromising the welfare of broilers grown to 3 kg at 42 days of age. USDA-ARS This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


Supernova SN 1998bw exploded in the same direction and at the same time as the gamma-ray burst GRB 980425. Here we report radio observations of this type Ic supernova, beginning 4 days after the gamma-ray burst. At its peak the radio source is the most luminous ever seen from a supernova, νL_ν = 4 x 10^(38) erg/s at 5 GHz. More remarkably, the traditional synchrotron interpretation of the radio emission requires that the radio source be expanding at an apparent velocity of at least twice the speed of light, indicating that this supernova was accompanied by a shock wave moving at relativistic speed. The energy U_e associated with the radio-emitting relativistic electrons must lie between 10^(49) erg < U_e < 10^(52) erg, and thus represents a significant fraction of the total kinetic energy ~10^(51) erg associated with supernova explosions. The presence of a relativistic shock in SN 1998bw suggests a physical connection with the gamma-ray burst GRB 980425. We argue that this represents a second class of gamma-ray burst, with much lower emitted energy ~10^(48) erg in gamma-rays than the two powerful ~10^(53) erg high-redshift gamma-ray bursts previously identified.


[Objective] Compared to the original bacterium strain AUH-JLC140, its oxygen-tolerant mutant strain named Aeroto-AUH-JLC140 was able to produce an unknown substance. In addition, the production of the unknown substance was not associated with the addition of the substrate daidzein to the cultural medium. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the unknown substance, and then to study the kinetics and the anti-oxidative capacity of the unknown substance produced by the 1700 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China 2016, Vol.43, No.8 Tel: 010-64807511; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn oxygen-tolerant mutant strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC140. [Methods] The unknown substance was isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Based on the analyses of the UV spectrum, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as well as the H and C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the unknown substance was identified. The anti-oxidative activity of the unknown substance was determined by the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. [Results] The unknown substance produced by the oxygen-tolerant mutant strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC140 was identified as indole. Kinetics study showed that indole reached to the highest after being incubated for 15 h and the highest amount of indole in the cultural broth was 19.89 mg/L. Study on free radical-scavenging activity indicated that 0.2 mmol/L (i.e. 23.40 mg/L) of indole not only showed an obvious DPPH radical-scavenging activity but also decreased the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of brain heart infusion (BHI) liquid medium. [Conclusion] The unknown metabolite produced by the oxygen-tolerant mutant strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC140 is indole. The amount of indole produced by strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC140 can decrease the ORP of BHI liquid medium, which subsequently provides a suitable microenvironment with lower ORP for growth of strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC140 in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.


very important that the dye after each fresh addition should be well mixed into the extract before the chloroform is brought through the aqueous layer-otherwise, should the dye come into direct contact with the-chloroform, a colour may appear in the latter which is not discharged by the excess of ascorbic acid still present in the aqueous layer. Occasionally a very faint pink coloration is produced before the true end-point. This can be avoided by taking the colour to a well-defined pink in a preliminary titration, so as to ensure that the true end-point has been reached. Also the extract and the chloroform should not be left standing together in the tube before titration, otherwise a low result may be given. A little experience is needed to gain confidence in working this modification for pigmented extracts. As already recommended, however, the alternative electrical method should always be used if the extra equipment (platinum wire and potentiometer) is available. further details of the acetone method see Mapson [1942]). An alternative method is to pass a stream of 02-free N2 through the acid extract, while a vacuum is simultaneously applied (apparatus as in Fig. 1). Such treatment removes virtually all the free SO2 within about 15-30 min. and the titration can then be carried out as usual. The above 'acetone' method is, however, to be preferred. the biological tests. submitted the results of the biological assays to a statistical analysis. She reports as follows. 'The apparent-dose ratio (i.1e. ratio between the doses of a given substance as determined biologically and chemically) was calculated by the method of common slope [Irwin, 1937]. Since the highest dose in every instance gave a nearly maximal response, the results have been calculated from the two lower doses only, and the straight line relation is assumed to be between the log dose and the effect (Table 9). The significance of the differences between the results as determined by biological and chemical methods has been tested for each pair of doses (comparison being made with ascorbic acid at the same dose level in each case) by the application of Fisher's "t" test (Table 10). It is evident that none of the differences are significant and it may be concluded that there is complete agreement between the two methods of assay. In view of the excellent agreement between the three independent observers (cf. Fig. 4), it is clear that the subjective error in matching against the scale does not play so large a part as might have been supposed.' did not affect the results (cf. Table 3). The presence of preformed dehydroascorbic acid in mushrooms seems possible because oftheir large surface (porous nature of tissues) and the occurrence of oxidase systems. It was significant, however, that with the extracts from mushrooms the end-points in the titrations were exceptionally poor, and faded rapidly. It seems likely, therefore, especially when it is borne in mind that mushrooms are so different physiologically and morphologically from other fruits and vegetables, that this acid-extract contains additional substances distinct from dehydroascorbic acid, which after reduction with H,S will decolorize the dye. Mack & Tressler [1937], working with other plant extracts, have suggested that an apparent increase in reducing substances after treatment with H2S is not always due to dehydroascorbic acid. In view ofthis doubt, and bearing in mind the small practical significance of dehydroascorbic acid foi fruits and vegetables in general, we are once again forced to the conclusion that for routine estimations the preliminary reduction with H2S is not necessary. Even when it is tried, as for exploratory experiments, the results must be interpreted with caution. were puzzled by the observation that cooked carrots seemed to be richer in vitamin C than the raw carrots from which they were prepared. The explanation of the supposed anomaly is instructive, and we believe worth recording here since the conditions must have been similar to those in experiments by other observers in which an apparent increase has been claimed. The carrots had been sliced in the usual way immediately before being dropped into the boiling water for the cooking, a portion of the same sliced carrot being also used for the control test on the raw material. The essential point which was at first overlooked was that the destruction of vitamin C by the ascorbic oxidases set free on slicing was inhibited in the cooked carrot the moment the freshly cut slices were dropped into the boiling water, whereas in the unheated control the oxidation proceeded for a short time be- fore the slices were placed under the acid for extraction. When the experiment was more suitably controlled, the slicing of the raw carrots being done under the surface of the protecting acid before the grinding was started, it was found that cooked carrots had a lower and not a higher value than raw carrots. It should not be forgotten, however, that from the point of view of the dietitian- there may in fact often be more vitamin C in cooked vegetables than in raw if the latter have been shredded'or chopped before consumption.


Inter-Korean relations have reached an impasse during the tenure of former president Lee Myung-bak (2008-2013) and former president Park Geun-hye (2013-2016). After former President Park Geun-hye`s impeachment in December 2016, Moon Jae-in was elected on 9 May 2017 and sworn into office the following day. All South Korean presidents have a constitutional obligation to seek peaceful unification; all presidents have tried various initiatives with limited success. Unfortunately, the South Korean right and the left disagree on tactics in dealing with Pyongyang, but nearly everyone wants to see North Korea more cooperative in the realms of arms control, human rights, social and political liberalization, and economic liberalization. President Moon campaigned on a platform of engagement but Pyongyang has accelerated its nuclear and missile programs. North Korea is now subject to a multilateral UN sanctions regime, so the South is constrained in what it can initiate until North Korea begins to comply with UN Security Council resolutions. To move forward on inter-Korean engagement, Seoul should reassess past initiatives to build a consensus that is sustainable regardless of which political party is in power. Given the constraints of the UN sanctions regime, the South should pursue humanitarian issues and trans-boundary problems around the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). Building confidence in the realms of the environment, climate change, and public health, for example, eventually might lead to cooperation in the realms of arms control and politics.


Based on the experimental results that two-dimensional dimpled surface structure arranged in 12-fold quasicrystal lattice could effectively reduce drag, a model of two-dimensional Fraunhofer diffraction wave is built in this paper to simulate and analyse the effect characteristics of disturbed waves which generated by two-dimensional quasicrystal and periodic crystal structure. The simulated results show that the intensity distribution of diffraction peaks with 12-fold quasicrystal structure is more uniform and the intensities of diffraction peaks are much smaller in the streamwise direction than that of other structures, meanwhile along spanwise direction it has less strong diffraction peaks, from which it can realize effective drag reduction.


Throughout the Second World War, the British government commissioned a number of artists to produce posters relevant to the British home front. These memorable posters have become emblems of how the people responded to the challenge of war. However, there exists a more detailed and reliable resource in the form of press advertisements by commercial organizations. Such companies placed a wide variety of advertisements throughout the war that sought to speak in the language of the people and reflect the nature of their experiences. This article explores the merits of commercial advertising as an accurate reflection of life on the home front. Based upon the premise that the practice of advertising had become advanced by the outbreak of war, it proposes that commercial advertising offers a more honest, frank and down‐to‐earth portrayal of everyday life in Britain between 1939 and 1945 than that displayed in propaganda posters.


SMS platform through the Library requirements to provide a modem-based SMS messaging service platform design for library.SMS modem platform framework and described the secondary development,short message service processing center,and library management system integrated unified interface function module.


Abstract
Dry socket is undoubtedly on tne most distressing post operative sequel of teeth extraction. It occurs in spite of the most careful aseptic procedures and regardless of the ability and skills of the surgeon. The purpose of this study was to determin the relative frequency of dry socket after mandibular wisdom teeth extraction and defining the risk factors corresponding to this complication.
This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 386 patients who were candidate for wisdom teeth extraction. A medical history was taken. Some of these patients were found to have a history of smoking and were taking birth control pill. Operation time and trauma during extraction, and the oral hygiene status of patients were recorded. Three days after extraction the patients were recalled and examined for dry socket.
The findings revealed the relative frequency of the dry socket was 7.5% (29 patient). Its occurrence was more in females than males, and maximum incidence was in the age between 20-40. The incidence were related to trauma and duration of extraction, history of smoking and oral contraceptive pills and pericoronitis, and had no specific relation with periapical lesions and oral hygiene.
In this study, Similar to other studies, specific relation was found between dry socket and other factors like, smoking and age. But something which was obvious was the close relation of dry socket with the intensity of trauma during extraction.

Key words. Dry socket, Tooth extraction, Third molar.

Address. Dr. Abbass Haghighat (Assistanat professor), Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IRAN. E-mail: email@example.com

Journal of Isfahan Dental School 2005; 1(2): 73-75


Construction of a fusion enzyme by recombinant DNA technology could be useful in obtaining more efficient bifunctional enzymes. However, two open reading frames in tandem often interfere with each other's functions. We have previously demonstrated that when a relatively smaller dUTPase enzyme is tagged on either side of a thermostable DNA polymerase it did not affect polymerization function. Here, we will further reveal that both the enzymatic domains of these fusion enzymes also do not muddle each other's functions indeed. Furthermore, both of these affinity purified fusion proteins appeared to be 'undisruptable dimers' in denaturing protein gels and as confirmed by MALDI‐MS/MS analyses.


Adaptive modulation and antenna diversity are two important enabling techniques for future wireless network to meet demand for high data rate transmission. We study a Markov decision process based cross-layer design of optimal adaptation policy over selection-combining Nakagami-m fading channel for Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) traffic. Unlike most of the channel-dependent adaptation policy in the literature, proposed policy chooses modulation constellation dynamically depending on the traffic and buffer states in addition to channel state. Proposed cross-layer dynamic adaptation policy minimizes transmission power, maximizes throughput, and also guarantees target bit error rate, delay and packet overflow rate requirements for the application being considered.


Cervical cancer is the most common cause of death among gynaecological neoplasms. Management of advanced cervical cancer currently has not been able to improve the prognosis. Standard intervention therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as the emerging pain could lead to psychological stress till depression, thus reduce patients' quality of life. CBT for psychological stress and depression is expected to improve the fruitfulness of standard therapy. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter which plays a role in the patophysiology of depression. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on serotonin level, depression score and quality of life in advanced cervical cancer patient with experimental quasi pre and post test design methods. The samples are 15 subjects in both intervention and control groups. Intervention group was given CBT and standard therapy, while control group was given standard therapy only. Study was held in Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and Prodia Laboratory, in January to March 2015. Independent variable was advanced cervical cancer patients underwent CBT intervention and dependent variables were serotonin level, depression score and quality of life score. The result, serotonin level and quality of life scores were higher after intervention compared with control, (219.43±33,42 vs 89.57±23.23) and (85.13±14.62 vs 41.86±7.24), respectively. Depression score was lower after intervention than without CBT intervention (11.20±4.94 vs 17.00±4.86) and statistically significant (p < 0.05). So, there were effects of cognitive behavioural therapy on serotonin level, depression score and quality of life score in cervical cancer patients and were statistically significant.


ABSTRACT The vast differences in how spaces can be perceived and scientifically examined have long been a central topic in education science, and not only since the spatial turn (Löw 2011, Schroer 2018, Glaser et al. 2018, Pardo/Patro 2018). In order to unlock the wide range of diverse perspectives on spaces, in this special issue we seek to build and review the learning and education theory potential of multilocal points of access. What can be learned if one assumes spaces to be multilocal and asks, for example, how the different cultures of family spaces can be, which atmospheres they shape for the different members of the family, or how they arise through co-present, or even virtual or imaginative, relationing? In this case, multilocality appears, for example, as a family practice of connecting very different, individual locations. We are then interested in investigating how a childhood can be examined as a passing through of diverse spaces, as well as initial attempts to design one's own spaces, for example by building 'dens' in corn fields or in nursery spaces. One can also ask how children use, or find new uses for, the social spaces of adults. Here, multilocality unlocks access to the simultaneity of different spatial structures in the same location. Although it also occurs at an earlier age, it is when children reach school in particular that one can observe how differently the same locations can be/are entered into, and social differences (re)produced. The same classroom is home to very different students with very different starting points in schooling. Not all individuals know how to position themselves in a space in such a way that their positioning is recognised and thus accepted by society. Consequently, although all the students are being taught in the same place, not all are sitting in the same classroom. Another multilocal space, the university, also often fails to offer a shared place of different thinking, it could be characterised by its diversity of possible perspectives and thus different location dependencies and reflections thereon.


Abstract Vertical profiles of 222Rn concentrations measured from 3 to 6 September 1995 in the northeastern United States, using a new radon instrument designed for aircraft measurements, are presented. A vertical diffusion model was employed to simulate the distributions of 222Rn concentrations by using time-dependent profiles of vertical eddy diffusivity in the lower atmosphere. To determine these profiles, O'Brien's simple formulation was applied using the diurnal changes of the boundary layer height and surface fluxes. The model-calculated profiles of the 222Rn concentrations were then compared with the aircraft measurements of 222Rn. Model simulations were also calculated using different values of the vertical eddy diffusivity above the boundary layer. Using the value of kz above the boundary layer equal to 10% of its maximum boundary layer value in the model resulted in the best vertical profiles of the calculated 222Rn compared with the measurements within the boundary layer. From aircraft measureme...


Prior research employed t-test to compare mean uptake of [ 11 C]5-HTP across the blood-brain barrier for eight healthy volunteers versus six patients with unipolar depression, however no statistically significant mean difference was identified for basil ganglia, caudate nucleus, or lentiform nucleus. 1 When analyzed via UniODA, significantly lower mean uptake was identified for basil ganglia and caudate nucleus.


Part One: History and Development of the Rorschach Introduction Development of the Test: The Rorschach Systems Controversy, Criticism, and Decisions Part Two: Administration and Scoring the Rorschach Rorschach Administration: Decisions and Procedures Scoring: The Rorschach Language Location and Developmental Quality: Coding and Criteria Determinants: Coding and Criteria Form Quality, Content, Populars, and Organizational Activity Special Scores The Structural Summary Part Three: The Nature of the Test The Response Process Normative Data Part Four: Interpretation General Guidelines Regarding Interpretation Controls and Stress Tolerance Situationally Related Stress Affect Information Processing Cognitive Mediation Ideation Self Perception Interpersonal Perception and Behavior The Complete Description


Over the last thirty years timber bridges and footb ridges have been found considerable use especially by the ir versatility, good durability and pleasing aesthetic view. First the development of new technology and materials, as the laminated timber, second the use of innovative building, assembli ng and connection techniques and third the expansion of efficient, certain and inexpensive pro ducts for timber protection, have allowed the emplo y of this type of structure. In this paper the results obtained fr om two forced vibration tests, carried out in 2000 and 2005, define the dynamic behaviour of a laminated timber footbri dge, which has been excited by means of vibrodyne. Th first test has been made in the 2000, immediately after t he building launch and before its use, whereas the second test has bee n replicated after five years using the same test s et up adopted in the first one. The aim has been to stimate, with hindsight, the dynamic characteristics of the footbridge (natural frequencies, dampings, mode sha pes, etc.) and their possible variations. The free vibrations of the system, acquired during o ly the first test, have been analyzed afterwards to define the modal parameters through t he Wavelet Transform. This kind of survey is necess ary due both to the material used in the building and the p articular using conditions of the footbridge: in fact, it is subjected to particular weather conditions, because it is sit uated near to the Adriatic Sea.


Patients with inflammatory arthritis have a high risk of sleep disturbances and disorders. The objective was to evaluate the evidence of nonpharmacologic interventions targeting sleep disturbances or disorders in patients with inflammatory arthritis.


This masque, or play, published in 1945, based on the biblical story of Job, is a wide-ranging and humorous exchange between a husband and wife pair and God. Despite a simple and seemingly timeless setting on a desert island, the masque contains allusions to many of Frost's favorite scientific topics, including the theory of relativity, the theory of evolution, and the expansion of the universe. The concepts of time reversal, a prediction of Einstein's theory of relativity, and the astronomical red-shift, considered evidence for expansion of the universe, even make appearances.


Gordon and Sweet (reticulin), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Lendrum's phloxine tartrazine, Aniline blue- chromotrope, and von Kossa. Frozen sections of formalin-fixed tissue were stained for fat with Oil Red 0. Sections of the following tissues were examined: brain, thoraco-cervical cord, sacrospinalis muscle, thymus, lung, trachea, heart, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas, spleen, vertebral bone and marrow, adrenals, kidneys, bladder and dorsal skin. The were examined in


College students' social practice,which consists of four parts,namely,accepting education,learning knowledge,gaining ability,making contribution,is the important way for their healthy growing up.In order to strengthen college students'social practice and chance its' quality and effect,the paper comes up with some thoughts on how to do it well.


Abstract A 29-year-old woman with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) completed a progressive, symptom-limited cardiac rehabilitation program consisting of boxing, weight-lifting, and aerobic exercise, where she improved her exercise capacity by 2.7 metabolic equivalents (P < 0.001) and demonstrated significant myocardial recovery, allowing for successful LVAD explant 9 months after implantation.


The preparation of microparticulate flocculants on the base of sol with P,Mg,Zn,Mn and Co as assistant components and their flocculating performances are presented.With percentage turbidity removal of an aqueous kaolinite suspension as criterion,two more excellent flocculants NSAFMnS and NFAC are selected.Treating the sewage from Zhuangxi United Station,Shengli Oil Field,which has turbidity of 130.47 NTU and contains 24.13 mg/L of oil,by using flocculants NSAFMnS and NFAC at dosage of 20 mg/L,the removal rate of turbidity reaches 75.89% and 78.19%,and the removal rate of oil substances reaches 78.52% and 81.02%,respectively.In contrast,the removal rate of turbidity and oil are 49.11% and 57.14% in case of using a commercial polyaluminum under similar conditions.The structures of flocculants are identified by SEM.


The absorption, linear dichroism (l.d.) and magnetic circular dichroism (m.c.d.) spectra of biphenylene (1), 1,8-diazabiphenylene (2) and 2,7-diazabiphenylene (3) have been measured. The c.d. spectra of the β-cyclodextrin complexes with 1, 2 and 3 have also been measured. The first [(23.0–36.0)× 103 cm–1] and second [(36.0–50.0)× 103 cm–1] absorption bands of 1, 2 and 3 have been assigned by using the observed spectra and the results of CNDO/S CI calculations. It is concluded that the b3u vibration with a frequency of ca. 780 cm–1 takes part in the vibronic coupling between the first and second excited singlet states of 1 and that the second absorption band of 1 is composed of two electronic transitions polarized along the short and long axes.


The curious positive effect of carbonaceous deposits on the skeletal isomerization of n-butenes over a H-FER zeolite can be related to the development of a new reaction mechanism involving as active sites tertiary carbenium ions blocked in the zeolite pores.


How do bureaucracies pattern durable inequalities? Predominant approaches emphasize the role of administrative categories, which prioritize certain populations for valued resources based on broader regimes of human worth. This article extends this body of work by examining how categorical inequalities become embedded within administrative infrastructures and institutional pathways. I develop this argument through a case study of the United States' refugee resettlement program. Drawing together previously unseen government statistics, expert interviews, and documentary analysis, I show that U.S. resettlement is organized through administrative pipelines that create path dependent imbalances in the distribution of scarce resettlement spaces. Social and political logics of immigrant worthiness are important, yet a full understanding of these imbalances requires attention to the tendency of pipelines to become self-reproducing. I identify three factors that account for this tendency: calculative rationales, administrative reactivity, and structured visibility. This three-part conceptualization of pipelines can be applied to other institutional contexts to study the origins, dynamics, and durability of social inequalities. My findings also demonstrate the analytically autonomous role of policy administration in shaping ethnoracial imbalances in immigrant selection.


In the paper, the stress strain regularities are obtained for the geosynthetics, such as the geotextile strips, geotexile sheet, geogrid and geonet, under free deformation by stress strain test in which the five degree cyclic loaded unloaded and four level that repture loaded divided by 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 6.0 are used. The deformed formula under restrain condition has been deduced. It is of reference value for reinforced earth engineering.


In the article «Genetic factors of fibrinolysis violation and the role of inhibitor plasminogen activator genes polymorphism in the development of secondary thrombus bleeding complications in patients with brain injury», briefly summarized the impact of molecular-genetic mechanisms peculiarities on the system of hemostasis, the results of investigations were provide in case of thrombohemorrhagic complications appearance while PAI-1 plasma levels and computed tomographic manifestations changes in 200 patients with TBI, -675 gene polymorphism and PAI-1.


Aim: To measure five scales of fatigue: i) general, ii) physical, iii) reduced activity, iv) reduced motivation, and v) mental. As well as to examines the impact of age, education, cohabitation, work history and disease on fatigue. Materials And Methods: We randomly selected 250 traffic policemen from 15 districts of Tehran as particiants in this study. To identify fatigue, we used the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) questionnaire, before and after the morning shift. Sociodemographic variables were also collected. Descriptive statistics, student's t-test, and ANOVA analysis were performed by SPSS. Results: Based on the data achieved before beginning shift work, general fatigue (13.5) and reduced activity (7.7) had the highest and lowest fatigue levels, respectively. We noted similar results at the end of the shift among subjects. Fatigue scores in all scales were significantly lower in the morning. There was a strong association between fatigue and cohabitation, work history, disease, tinnitus, sports and eye glasses (P ≤0.05). Conclusions: The results of the present study show the prevalence rates of fatigue among traffic policemen and its interaction with some sociodemographic variables. Future studies should investigate the effects of additional factors to clarify the etiology of fatigue.


In the fabric shaping process during resin transfer molding, fabrics are deformed due to inter-fiber sliding and buckling of yarns. We have observed inter-fiber sliding and yarn buckling in the deep drawing of fabrics by a cylindrical punch. The amount of punch traveling and the molding die radius affect the occurrence of inter-fiber sliding and yarn buckling. Comparing simulation results and actual deformation of fabrics, we should take account of inter-fiber-sliding and buckling of yarns.


Objective To study the striatal spontaneous electrophysiological characteristics in rats with levodopa induced-dyskinesia. Methods PD rats were treated with chronic intermittent L-dopa by celiac injection for 28 days to get the LID rats. On 29d,the animals were given an acute administration of MK-801 15 min prior levodopa treatment. Electrophysiological characteristics were studied by extracellular recording in PD,LID and control rats. Results Spontaneous firing rates in striatum of LID group were more than control group(P 0.01 )and PD group(P 0.05 )significantly. They decreased markedly in MK-801 treatment group compared with LID group(P 0.01 ). Conclusion The change of spontaneous electrophysiological characteristics of striatal neurons in rat is one of the causes of levodopa induced-dyskinesia. Glutamate receptor blockade may prevent occurrence of LID through reversing activity of striatal neurons.


Fishermen of West Aceh District is still using a tool of unfriendly for environment namely mini trawl for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus spp) fishing, so that it will impact the ecosytem of the sea and the damage to the fish resources such as blue swimming crab. For that reason, there needs to be an alternative of eco-friendly fishing technology to catching blue swimming crab and replace fishing gear unfriendly for environment i.e. mini trawl and exposing the blue swimming crab fishing is as main activity in West Aceh District where Ujong Baroh Village as pilot projetc location for this activity.  The community service program has carried out with IbM activity (Ipteks bagi Masyarakat). The activity was done on February – Agustus 2017, where education, practice and accomponiment was used as methods.  IbM program is expected to increase skill and business managerial as well as improving the economic situation of the coastal communities.


This thesis examines of private stock investors behaviour in relation to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The examination was done with help of a questionnaire. This was sent out to 600 indi ...


Automated retinal image analysis is promising screening tool for early detection of eye disease. In this automated analysis some factors need to be considered in order to get better analytical results. We present in this paper methodology to extract exact boundary of OD & Cup in digital retinal fundus images. The method starts with preprocessing of digital fundus images by contrast normalization throughout the image, and removal of blood vessels, which is major reason for distraction of finding OD candidate, using Bottom Hat Transform. Using this OD candidate we find area of interest i.e. area surrounding OD & cup. Then we apply salient object detection algorithm. In this paper, we deal with the salient object detection problem for images. Weformulate salient object detection as a binary labeling task that separates a salient object from the background since; one pays more attention to salient object in an image as compared to the background of the image. Feature extraction methods are like edge detection, thresholding, multi scale contrast,Center surround histogram. Feature maps are prepared for each of the method mentioned above and saliency is computed by a center-surround operation, self-information, orgraph-based random walk using multiple features. After normalization and linear/non-linear combination, a master map or a saliency map is computedto represent the saliency of each image pixel. Last, a few key locations on the saliency map are identified by winner-take-all, or inhibition-of-return, or othernon-linear operations. Then we highlight the boundaries.


The article argues that non-standard employees (NSEs) perceive the employee–employer relationship and hence the leader–follower relationship differently, when compared to workers in standard employment contracts. It highlights relevant differences between employees in flexible employment contracts and standard employees. It seeks to demonstrate that the emerging NSE-follower has consequences for leadership research. Perhaps the most important ramification is that the implicit assumptions in conceptualizing the 'typical' leader–follower relationship may no longer be suitable, facing today's workplace reality. In this sense, in order to take the present and continuous changes in the workforce seriously the concepts and theories used in leadership research need to be rethought.


Type B insulin resistance is a rare autoimmune condition with just over 100 cases described in the literature. We describe here the case of a young female who presented to our district general hospital with a rapid onset of profound insulin resistance not ameliorated by intensive insulin therapy.


As an important member of the first generation of Frankfurt school, Benjamin's literary criticism takes a unique feature of "Verity-atonement" compared with the theory of "ideology criticism" of the same school. This feature is clearly symbolized by his allegory aesthetics thought based on religious salvation theory of early days.


This article reports a discourse analysis of journals from adult learners during a 1-week residency in Cape Town, South Africa. The theoretical posture is a critical dialogic perspective, making use of a postcolonial understanding of intercultural interactions. The purpose of the study was exploratory. The analysis suggests that demographic variables (e.g., race), prior international travel, and experiences during the residency influence the amount and pace of cognitive change. Results include both questions for future research and suggestions for educators.


The essence of a brand logo is simply to distinguish and the goal of brand strategy is to let the brand image be accepted by the target consumers and be a value symbol among them,which aims at image communication.With combination of basic theories and examples,the author discusses the reason and nature of the change of brand logo as well as the problems that deserve our concerns.


Principles of education science, principles of education, and introduction to education are the kind of foundational discipline of education. However, for a long time, there exist chaotic designations and overlapped contents, which seriously affect the construction of the discipline itself. In light of this, we should reform the discipline as follows. Principles of education science will be renamed theoretical pedagogy; principles of education is about the general scientific principles of education; the name of introduction to education will be discarded, or it will be renamed introduction to pedagogy or introduction to the discipline of education, or even changed to a kind of common knowledge of education.


The intricate relationship between translation and mass media is particularly evident in the light of globalization, where the Arab media has heavily relied on translated materials as globalised, 'modernized', up-to-date and almost ready-made sources for its contents. The present paper aims to investigate 'postcolonialism' and the use of 'foreignisation' as a translation strategy in mass media and explore the latter's role in introducing some foreignised family values and roles alien to the identity of Arab societies from a new multidisciplinary perspective. Therefore, it raises three questions. What is the role played by the translation of English films in mass media in introducing some foreignised values alien to the Arab families bonding and values? How can foreignisation, as a translation strategy suggested by postcolonialists to resist colonialism, contribute itself to viewers' conceptions or misconceptions of social reality? What do the Arab youths think of this role? This qualitative and quantitative study uses content analysis and comparison to analyse the content of an English film and its Arabic translation, and questionnaire. Also, some secondary data, represented in visual images taken from the film Mrs. Doubtfire and thought to add high value to the research discussion and conclusion, complements the primary data. It adopts a multidisciplinary approach based mainly on Niranjana's postcolonial translation theory and Gerbner's Cultivation Theory in mass communication; images are anlaysed using Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis. My intention is, by no means, to apply the Cultivation Theory in order to measure the effect the repetitive exposure to TV has on family ties. It is rather to present new perspectives at the level of translation theorization, topic and the multidisciplinary approach adopted. The analysis and discussion of data and results reveal that contrary to what many postcolonial advocates claim that the translator should adopt a foreignisation strategy, it enhances colonialism, or neocolonialism, when used in the translation of English texts into Arabic, or into what they call the 'less hegemonic languages'. The translation strategy used and mass media, (traditionally represented in TV), have both challenged and undermined some of the Arab family values and roles.


Due to the nonstationary characteristic of the electric locomotives in electric traction systems, the equivalent grid impedance changes frequently, which may lead to detrimental effect on the control system of electric traction PWM rectifiers. The mathematical model of an electric traction PWM rectifier is established, and the double-loop control system is designed. An online grid inductance estimation method for the electric traction PWM rectifier based on dual-frequency harmonic current injection is accordingly proposed. 400Hz and 500Hz are selected as the frequencies of the harmonics injected into the system. Moving window fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed to extract the amplitudes corresponding to the harmonics. The estimation values of the grid inductance can be obtained from a series of arithmetical operations. The experimental platform for the electric traction PWM rectifier is set up. Simulation and experimental results are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


Introduction Much of radiographic interpretation is undertaken on the basis of 'learning by rote'. Students are taught that particular features in an image represent certain anatomical land marks. An understanding of how the image is projected is often lacking and as time passes practitioners accept without question these dogmatic assertions; finding them adequate for their daily work. This is fine until a new projection is encountered, or a new way of creating a radiographic image or even a familiar object in a standard view which is orientated in an unfamiliar fashion. A knowledge of how radiographic images are projected is then essential if the observer is to progress from inspection of the recorded image backwards to a concept of the nature and spacial orientation of what has been displayed by the X-ray beam. A lack of critical analysis even of the projection of basic anatomy has led to certain misinterpretations reappearing with regularity in generations of textbooks. Similarly, recognition of the images produced by pathological processes depends to a large extent upon comparison with a mental file of appearances garnered and stored over the years. This is a valuable aspect of radiographic diagnosis but it highlights the importance of some understanding of visual processing and interpretation. Both the projection of radiographic images and their visual processing and interpretation during the viewing process therefore underlie radiographic diagnosis.


A laparoscopic examination was held in order to consider the differences between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. The subjects included 32 cases of acute intrahepatic cholestasis (20 viral and 12 drug-induced cases) and 38 cases of extrahepatic cholestasis (13 stone and 25 cancer cases) to make a total of 70 subjects. Cholestasis was classified into 4 types based on the patterns of the patchy green colorations on the surface of the liver. In Type I , the patchy green colorations were relatively circular and uniform and distributed in a regular mesh-like pattern. In Type Ila, adjacent patchy green colorations tended to join together to form varying types of polygons and were distributed in an irregular mesh-like pattern. In Type IIb, the joining of adjacent patchy green colorations was even more marked and the surface resembled a map-like or a brindled pattern. In Type III, no reddish areas remained on the surface of the liver, and the entire surface of the liver was colored green. Type I was intrahepatic and Type III was extrahepatic cholestasis, but it was necessary to discriminate intrahepatic from extrahepatic cholestasis in both Types II a and II b. The dilatation of the bile ductules and lymph vessels as well as micro-abscesses and hepatic matastasis of cancer on the surface of the liver were characteristic findings of extrahepatic cholestasis and were seen in 29 out of 38 cases (76.3%). These findings were discovered in 61.5% of the stone group and 84.0% of the cancer group. Relaxation of the gallbladder was found in 56.3% of the intrahepatic cases, 57.1% of the cases with the obstruction at the hepatic hilum or the common hepatic duct and 50.0% of those with the obstruction at the junction of cystic duct, but not in those with the obstruction at the common bile duct or at the Papilla of Vater. Distension of the gallbladder was evident in 50.0% of the cases with the obstruction at the junction of the cystic duct and 76.2% of those with obstruction at the common bile duct or at the Papilla of Vater, but not in the cases with intrahepatic cholestasis or in those with the obstruction at the high biliary duct. Laparoscopic diagnosis of cholestasis was possible in 68.8% of the intrahepatic cases and 92.1% of the extrahepatic cases. However, the diagnosis rate of Type Ila at 54.2% and Type II b at 66.7% was lower when compared with Type I and Type III. From these results, differential diagnosis of cholestasis was possible in 57 cases (81.4%) out of 70.


This article is a chapter in the new book, Building on Best Practices: Transforming Legal Education in a Changing World (Deborah Maranville, Lisa Radtke Bliss, Carolyn Wilkes Kaas & Antoinette Sedillo Lopez eds., forthcoming Lexis 2015.) The article discusses some of the key substantive questions relating to the content of curricular reform in legal education. The authors take the view that the typical curriculum in law schools is too heavily doctrinally-oriented and suggest that a better balance can be struck to maximize law student readiness for professional practice. The authors advocate: 1) adopting more practice-oriented experiential education and being more selective about which purely doctrinal courses should be taught; 2) providing an expanded mix within the law school of teaching settings (large and small classes, group learning, and one-on-one settings) and teaching methods (lecture, Socratic dialogue, in-class exercises, large- or small-group discussions, presentations, simulations, and work on actual legal problems); and 3) providing a wider range of learning experiences as part of the formal curriculum that take place outside of the law school (e.g. field experiences, moot court programs, mentorship programs, student-run volunteer projects with volunteer lawyers' involvement, and other outside programs involving practitioners who are not full-time faculty.)


In this paper, we mainly discuss special F-precover and F-preenvelope on short exact sequence. Let F be a class of R-modules, and (the equation is abbreviated) be a short exact sequence of right R-modules, where A∈F(superscript ⊥). It is proved that if F is closed under finitely direct sum, and A, C have special F-precover then B has a special F-precover. Furthermore, it is showed that if B has a special F-precover with A∈F(superscript ⊥) then C has a special F-precover. For the F-preenvelope on short exact sequence, there are similar results.


Erythrocytes containing primarily hemoglobin S (SS RBCs) are abnormally adherent to a number of ligands, including normal constituents of the extracellular matrix as well as those present on the surfaces of other blood cells and endothelial cells. However, SS RBCs are not really very different from normal (AA) RBCs, except that they are younger. In general, they express the same range of adhesion receptors, and the levels of expression of these receptors, although increased in some cases, are not sufficient to explain the difference between the adhesivity of SS and AA RBCs. However, SS RBCs have activated adhesion receptors, and the signaling pathways responsible for this activation are also upregulated in SS RBCs. In addition, SS RBCs convey different extracellular signals, which are also likely to affect their adhesion to other blood cells and endothelial cells. Together, SS RBCs induce cell–cell interactions mediated by the B‐CAM/LU, ICAM4 (LW), CD44 (In), CD47, α4β1 integrin, and CD36 adhesion molecules on SS RBCs with target ligands on leukocytes and endothelial cells. Other, as yet unidentified cell surface moieties on SS RBCs are probably also responsible for SS RBC interactions with P‐selectin. Interestingly, at least some of these RBC adhesion receptors may also mediate adhesion and adverse physiologic events in the setting of transfusion of stored normal RBCs. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind SS RBC adhesion may offer opportunities for improving both therapy of sickle‐cell disease as well as transfusion practices.


We propose a method to consistently estimate production functions in the presence of input price dispersion when intermediate input quantities are not observed. We find that the traditional approach to dealing with unobserved input quantities—using deflated expenditure as a proxy—substantially biases the production estimates. In contrast, our method controls for heterogeneous input prices by exploiting the first-order conditions of the firm's profit maximization problem and consistently recovers the production function parameters. Using our preferred method, we provide empirical evidence of significant input price dispersion and even wider productivity dispersion than is estimated using proxy methods.


Our brain makes saccadic eye movements up to 3–5 times per second, which disrupt visual images on the retina, yet we perceive the world to be stable. It has been suggested that this perceptual stability is achieved via peri-saccadic remapping of neuronal receptive fields (RFs), that is, before a saccade, neurons start to respond to visual stimuli at their future RFs to be brought up by the impending eye movement. The recent experimental study further unveiled that the remapping of neuronal RF in Lateral Intraparietal Area (LIP) is an elongation process along the saccadic trajectory. Despite that peri-saccadic remapping is known to be closely associated to visual stability, a deep understanding of how it works remains largely unknown. Here, to address this question, we formulate visual stability as an optimization problem, and explore, from a computational point of view, how the response property of a LIP neuron should vary during a saccade, in order to predict the locations of visual images disrupted by the saccade. Through building a biologically plausible network and training it for the corresponding prediction task, we find that the optimal recurrent connections between LIP neurons are asymmetric, biased to the opposite direction of the saccade, such that when combined with the corollary discharge signal responsible for the saccade, a visual stimulus triggers a cortical wave in LIP propagating in the opposite direction of the saccade, manifesting the elongated remapping of neuronal RF. Our model reproduces the experimental data on peri-saccadic remapping, and demonstrates that peri-saccadic remapping accounts for visual stability.