Pinus roxburghii Sargent (Chir pine) is one of the important species among the six Himalayan pines. Like other forest species, Chir pine is a wind-pollinated conifer characterized by a considerable variation. Since clonal multiplication through grafting is one of the best techniques to provide viable, improved propagating stocks in large quantities for further utilization in clonal seed orchards for the production of superior seed. Keeping in view the importance of chir pine for the lower Himalayan areas, work on standardization of grafting technique was undertaken. Various grafting techniques were employed to achieve high grafting rate. A success of 29.55 per cent under partial shade and 46.79 per cent in open conditions have been achieved through top bud cleft grafting.


intoxication. We believe that not only irregular distribution of peripheral blood fl ow and neurovas-cular dysfunction but also infl ammatory mediators, such as calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP), may be involved in the pathological condition resulting from intoxication of this mycotoxin because of the delayed improvement of burning and sharp pain regardless of normalized color of the skin.


Early Warning System (Early Warning System) is a series of systems to inform the occurrence of natural events, can be disaster or other natural signs. The community's early warning of disaster is an act of providing information in a language easily digested by the community. This application development research aims to assist the public in estimating the early warning of hot clouds so as to avoid the possibility of hot clouds known. This android-based GIS application is a GIS framework for natural disasters as it is designed to grow as a mapping application of other natural disasters such as erupting volcanoes, floods etc. One of the primary dangers posed by the volcanic activity of Mount Merapi is the rapidly moving pyroclastic flow and consists of hot gas, volcanic ash and rocks. This flow can move quickly down the slopes with very high temperatures. Mount Merapi's natural conditions cause difficulties in visually monitoring of hot clouds, while the use of seismic equipment requires experts to analyze data. This makes it difficult for officers to provide early warning to the community quickly and accurately. The results obtained from this research is an early warning system of geothermal cloud based geo-based geographic information system by utilizing the temperature sensor as a


Objective:To choose some cephalometric variables for early predicting curative effects of facial mask.Methods:Sixty five patients in success group and eight patients in failure group were chosen,whose cephalograms taken in the mixed dentition were available.The cephalograms were measured,the indexes were analyzed and discriminant equation was established.Results:The mean value of ANB was(-1.82±2.11)° in success group and(-4.61±3.26)° in failure group(P0.05);The mean value of U1-NA was(24.90±6.05)° and(32.41±6.50)°,respectively(P0.05).The mean value of U1-SN was(105.18±5.45)° and(110.83±6.83)°,respectively(P0.05).The mean value of Upper lip was(-1.25±2.08) mm and(-4.77±2.54) mm,respectively(P0.05).The mean value of ANS-Me was(32.41±6.94)° and(57.83±5.54)°,respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:The discriminant equation is:IS=0.097(ANS-Me)+0.093(U1-SN)-0.460(Upper lip)-16.605,When IS0,greater success in early treatment is expected and when IS0,failure in early treatment need more comprehensive treatment project.


Abstract The paper presents the influence of deuteration of (NH4)4LiH3(SeO4)4 single crystal on its ferroelastic properties. A considerable negative isotopic effect ΔT = 9 K has been found. It is supposed that hydrogen bonds significantly influence phase transitions in Me4LiH3(XO4)4 single crystals.


We empirically investigate the determinants of the decline in compulsory military service (conscription) from 1970 to 2010 using data on military conscription from the Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index. We find that the probability of a shorter military service time is strongly associated with the percentage of the population over the age of 65 and the size of government, while the presence of political violence works in the opposite direction. Our results are robust to dynamic panel and ordered probit estimations.


In this study, the amino-terminal half truncated lump and the whole lump genes from Photobacterium phosphoreum coding for the lumazine protein were cloned by polymerase chain reaction and expressed in Escherichia coli. To identifiy of the binding site of the ligand or substrate, the amino acid identities from the sequences of the lumazine protein, yellow fluorescent protein, and riboflavin synthase from different organisms were also compared and analyzed.


The delivery of primary sources—including oral history interviews—through searchable, online systems has revolutionised historical research over recent years. While the use of such digital technologies creates new opportunities, which can fundamentally change how historians interpret sources and how readers interact with those interpretations, it also adds complexities to existing ethical issues and creates new dilemmas for researchers, collection managers and archivists to consider. In this article, we explore the opportunities and ethical challenges of creating, delivering and archiving a large-scale oral history collection in an online digital environment by using the Australian Generations Oral History Project as a case study.


Welding parameters like welding speed, rotation speed, plunge depth, shoulder diameter etc., influence the weld zone properties, microstructure of friction stir welds, and formation behavior of welded sheets in a synergistic fashion. The main aims of the present work are to analyze the effect of welding speed, rotation speed, plunge depth, pin profile and shoulder diameter on the formation of internal defects during friction stir welding (FSW), optimize thee welding parameters for producing internal defect-free welds, and propose and validate a simple criterion to identify defect-free weld formation. The base material used for FSW throughout tht e work is Al 7075 T6 having a thickness value of 5 mm. Only butt welding of sheets is aimed in the present work. It is observed that present analysis that higher welding speed, higher rotation speed, and higher plunge depth are preferred for producing a weld without internal defects.


How are we to make sense of cross-border regionalism as a new but also, in certain respects, uncannily old form of capitalist uneven development? How do cross-border regions crystallise novel post-national and post-colonial forms of state-making when all the while, they remain haunted by national and colonial patterns of enframing? And what are the practical implications of these uncanny enframings as they inform both the politics and poetics of cross-border regional development? These are some of the critical questions that are inspired by the articles of Scott and Kramsch in this Special Issue. Both these articles contribute to the development of new research approaches with their attempts to embed accounts of European cross-border regional developments within—for Scott—the ux of EU semiotic innovation and—for Kramsch—European imperial historical geography. Both move beyond case studies of particular cross-border initiatives to map the roots of the forest of cross-border regionalisation plans—roots that are too often neglected in endless empiricist studies of what might be called, to rework the metaphor, cross-border routes through the trees. While similar at this level, both authors clearly draw on distinct and divergent literatures. Scott's paper builds upon the political geography and spatial planning approaches to crossborder regionalism (for example, Anderson and O'Dowd, 1999a and 1999b; van Houtum and Lagendijk, 2001). To these approaches, he adds a critical geopolitical sensitivity to the socio-cultural construction of space—or territorial scripting as it is sometimes described (Dalby and Ó Tuathail, 1996)—as it occurs through the new jargons and vernaculars of EU institutions (for another example, see Sidaway, 2001). Kramsch is also concerned with patterns of discursive construction, but to these he brings an ambitiously post-colonial exploration of European border regions. Hence, his account comes closer to the sorts of writing that examine borderlands as sites in which the normative forces of nationalism and territorial state practices are brought into performative crisis (for example, Anzaldúa, 1987; and Darian-Smith, 1999). While they therefore approach border


We have been exploring large spectroscopic databases such as SDSS to search for unique stars with extremely low iron content with the goal of extracting detailed information from the early phases of the Galaxy. We recently identified two extremely iron-poor dwarf stars J0815+4729 (Aguado et al. 2018a) and J0023+0307 (Aguado et al. 2018b) from SDSS/BOSS database and confirmed from high-quality spectra taken with ISIS and OSIRIS spectrographs at the 4.2m WHT and 10.4m GTC telescopes, respectively, located in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain). We have also acquired high-resolution spectroscopy with UVES at 8.2m VLT telescope (Paranal, ESO, Chile) and HIRES at the 10m KeckI telescope (Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA), uncovering the unique abundance pattern of these stars, that reveal e.g. the extreme CNO abundances in J0815+4729 with ratios [X/Fe]~$>4$ (Gonz\'alez Hern\'andez et al. 2020). In addition, we are able to detect Li at the level of the lithium plateau in J0023+0307 (Aguado et al. 2019a), whereas we are only able to give a Li upper-limit 0.7 dex below the lithium plateau in J0815+4729, thus adding more complexity to the cosmological lithium problem. New upcoming surveys such as WEAVE, 4MOST and DESI will likely allow us to discover new interesting extremely iron-poor stars, that will certainly contribute to our understanding of the Early Galaxy, and the properties of the first stars and the first supernovae.


Interest rate risk is the essential market risk faced by bond investment, mainly the price effect and reinvestment effect. With the acceleration of interest rate liberalization, the importance and urgency of interest rate risk management of bond investors are increasingly prominent. Moreover, as an essential method of immunity against interest rate risk, the duration immunity strategy has been widely used. This paper starts with the most basic concept of bond duration, using a specific case analysis. Through the calculation to build a reasonable bond portfolio, we find the risk immunization of the duration immune strategy regarding the sudden interest risk. Moreover, during the case study, we also had limitations of the immune strategy applications in the natural bond markets. Finally, we conclude the whole finding and then decide the next research direction.


Response scales are widely used to assess the personal experience of sensation and perception in built environments, and have a great impact on the quality of the responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of response scales on human sensation and perception in moderate indoor environments. Four different response scales were compared under three room temperatures (19.0 °C, 24.5 °C, and 30.0 °C) and five acoustic stimuli (ambient noise, 42 and 61 dBA × water sounds and traffic noise): a bipolar seven-point scale according to ISO 10551:1995, a unipolar 11-point scale according to ISO/TS 15666:2003, these two scales combined for each sensory comfort assessment, and a bipolar visual analogue scale. The degree of relative differentiation based on indoor physical factors made no significant difference across the four response scales. Therefore, the effects of physical factors on human response could be assessed by using any of the four scales tested in this study, with a statistical significance at P < 0.05 in moderate environments. The choice of response scale would depend not only on the type of physical stimulus but also on the question of sensation or perception. The reliability of each response scale was different according to the subjective attributes. The bipolar visual analogue scale was subjectively preferred by the respondents.


This study sought to understand the perspectives of four youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFA) regarding their experiences in Singapore secondary schools. Qualitative analyses of in-depth interviews revealed that youth with HFA actively construct their experience of being a person with HFA. The extent to which the youth were engaged or disengaged in school appears to be related to the support provided by the environment. Implications of the findings for practice are discussed. The role of the phenomenological approach to providing insights into the lives of persons with HFA is also discussed.


In this paper, calculating method of lead angle of helical gear by measuring span length of length bar and base tangent length is put forward, and lead angle calculating formula is deducel. This method has been bewer errors proved by pracfice.


This paper reports the improved synthesis of 4-O-ethylepipicropodophyllin 5 in two steps starting from Podophyllotoxin 1. The method is more efficient and convenient than the synthetic route from references.


The formal logic configures some connected models when facing and subjecting truth and continuous linear causality based on concepts of substance. Herein the "lottery", the "stray bullet" and the pain are understood as expressions from discontinuity and "chance" linked to a causality that goes further than the immediate relationship established between the intentionality of the subject presented in the cause and effect. The discontinuous and undecided logical allows questioning about the non-casual logical and about the statute of the effect, extending so the listening work concerning the pain and the therapeutic practice.


Abstract. The objective of this work is to study the role of transfer calibration correction (TCC) in eliminating the influence of detection environment on tea moisture content model. Spectrum of 6 days samples, including two tea varieties and each variety lasts three days, were divided into modeling set and prediction set in the ratio of 2:1, and used to establish moisture content model by partial least squares regression (PLSR) after multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) pre-treatment. The result showed that the moisture content of tea leaves which can be determined quickly and non-destructively by Visible and Near-Infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy with the determination coefficients () were greater than 0.9209 and the root-mean-square error (RMSEC) were less than 0.0411. Direct standardization (DS) algorithm was utilized to model transfer in the same species of different days. The results show that DS algorithm can eliminate the influence of environment on spectral modeling, especially when the environmental difference tremendously, the effect of DS algorithm was obviously. Through this study, ideas were provided for the establishment of a stable tea moisture content detection model.


Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 79:698–709 doi:10.2136/sssaj2014.08.0322 Received 12 Aug. 2014. Accepted 5 Jan. 2015. *Corresponding author (firstname.lastname@example.com). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Hydromorphic Soil Development in the Coastal Temperate Rainforest of Alaska Wetland Soils


Feature selection is a quite important step in data analysis. Extracting relevant attributes may not only decrease the dimensionality of the dataset and, consequently, reduce time costs spent on the next stages, but also contribute to the quality of the final solution. In this paper we demonstrate some positive effects of the usage of a heuristic feature selection scheme which is based on a two-criterion optimization model. The approach proposed is applied to the speech-based emotion recognition problem, which is currently one of the most important issues in human-machine interactions. A number of high-dimensional multilingual (English, German, Japanese) databases are involved to investigate the effectiveness of the technique presented. Three different multi-objective genetic algorithms and their cooperative modifications are applied as optimizers in combination with classification models such as a Multilayer Perceptron, a Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression. In most cases we may observe not only a dimensionality reduction, but also an improvement in the recognition quality. To avoid choosing the most effective multi-objective genetic algorithm and the best classifier, we suggest applying a heterogeneous genetic algorithm based on several heuristics and an ensemble of diverse classification models.


This paper presents a novel approach for a memory, which supports the flexibility of an FPGA-based dynamic reconfigurable System-on-Chip consisting of heterogeneous data processing nodes. The memory is accessible via the Network-on-Chip (NoC) and provides a dynamic mapping of address space for the different clients within the network. Different data transfer modes support especially the image processing domain where burst transfers to the processing nodes are required. The presented method and realization overcomes the well known difficulties in FPGA-based multiprocessor systems, which are the restricted on-chip memory and the fact, that normally only one physical channel to an off-chip memory is available.


PURPOSE: A battery module is provided to stably secure electric connection states of respective unit cells, to be easily manufactured and assembled, and to provide excellent durability. CONSTITUTION: A battery module structure comprise: unit cells(3) in which each battery tap of a positive electrode and a negative electrode is formed on the edge in order to discharge electricity; many receptacles(5) integrated to each battery tap of the unit cells; and a bus bar(7) electrically connecting between the receptacles. The receptacles comprises an insert groove opened along a direction vertical veto a plane formed by the unit cells in order to form an electric connection state by an insertion part of the bus bar inserted along a direction parallel with the plane formed by the unit cells.


Advocating the view that the so-called pattern recognition problem is much more appropriately studied as a problem of pattern analysis and description, a specific syntactic descriptive model is proposed for classes of pictures composed of linelike elements. The implementation of this model envisages a two-stage processing of digitized input pictures. A formalism is worked out in detail within which the labeling algorithms used in the first stage can be efficiently described and studied. A system structure for a computer to carry out this class of picture processing operations--called parallel processing--is outlined and it is shown that a natural extension of ALGOL can be made to serve as an adequate programming language for such a computer. The extension of this model and the processing details to deal effectively with noisy input pictures is considered. Some criteria for acceptable noise-cleaning techniques are discussed. Several examples of labeled pictures are included to illustrate the validity and power of the proposed model and the processing techniques.


The digestibility and metabolism of diets based on flours prepared from raw, boiled or steamed tubers of the sweet yam (Dioscoreu dumetorum) were evaluated in growing,albino rats by the balance method in comparison with diets containing similar flours from the popular white yam (D rotundutu). The results show that whatever their method of preparation, flours from D dumetorum promote higher growth rate and have higher nutritional value in the growing rat than correspbnding D rotundutu flours. This can be attributed to the good digest- ibility of D dumetorum starch which facilitates digestibility and absorption of nitrogen and other nutrients. Moistureheat treatment of tubers before pro- cessing into flour improves the nutritional value, especially for D rotundutu.


This paper analyzes the relationship between the Aerospace launch test tasks,establishes a trade-off decision-making model to test he launching capability of Aerospace Launch Center by taking into account the proceeds of testing and launching,the losses of testing and launching failures,the cost of testing and launching,as well as the economic factors such as the consumption of capability recovering,and the technical factors such as the recovering rule of testing and launching reliability,and the equation to determine the optimal recovering time is derived.The simulation example is given to analyze the influences of aerospace launching tasks and the possible drawbacks under the parallel-multitask circumstances,thus providing a method to increase efficiency of the aerospace launch center.


Objective:To investigate the effect and nursing care during perfusion chemotherapy combined with thermotherapy in the treatment of patients with malignant pleural and abdominal effusion.Methods:25 patients with malignant pleural and abdominal effusion were treated by drainage,perfusion chemotherapy and thermotherapy.Psychological care and preparations were taken before treatment,during drainage and thermotherapy,attentions were paid to the situation of patients regularly.Results:The total recovery of 25 patients was 84.0%,and the quality of life improvement rate was 80.0%,only one patient scalded during thermotherapy cure and recovered after symptomatic care.Conclusion:The treatment of perfusion chemotherapy combined with thermotherapy in patients with malignant pleural and abdominal effusion has a significant effect;the reasonable and cozy care can deeply reduce the incidence of postoperative complication during the treatment,and promote recovery of patients.


The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the gold pawning with the sharia system as well as the suitability of the implementation of the sharia gold pawning system with the rules of Islamic law and sharia principles regarding the golden rahn. This research is a type of normative legal research which examines the law which is conceived as a norm or norm that applies in society. The study was conducted at Bank Syariah Mandiri Sukoharjo Branch. The data source uses secondary data in the form of laws and regulations, Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), MUI fatwa, and documents from companies. Data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis. The results showed that: First, the implementation of the gold pawning with the syariah system in Bank Syariah Mandiri Sukoharjo Branch was using the Rahn and Ijarah contracts. Rahn contract is a loan agreement from murtahin (a pawn recipient bank) for rahin (customer) accompanied by assignment of duties so that murtahin safeguards the surrendered collateral, rahin will only be charged with administrative costs and storage service fees, while maintenance costs use the Ijarah contract. As for the implementation procedure, the womb arrives and fills out a pawn request form, researches the quality of gold to determine the value of the financing to be given, the estimated price of mortgaged gold, receipt of the pawning request, calculation of the amount of financing, maintenance fees, and administrative costs, and the amount of installments, disbursement of financing to the womb; Second, the sharia gold pawning system at the Bank of Syari'ah Mandiri Sukoharjo Branch is in accordance with the rules of Islamic law and the shari'ah principles regarding rahn Emas. Conformity with Islamic law is in Islamic Jurisprudence recognizing a pawn agreement called "rahn", ie an agreement to hold an item as a debt dependent (QS Al-Baqarah verses 282 and 283, hadith of the prophet, and Ijma 'ulama on the mubah law (may be a pawn agreement) . The suitability of the Islamic gold pawn with Islamic legal rules is the fulfillment of the pillars of the pawn, namely: the existence of a party who has the intention, the consent and the Kabul, the guarantee (marhun) in the form of goods or property, and the existence of debt (marhun bih). The suitability of the Islamic gold pawning in BSM Sukoharjo Branch is also in accordance with the sharia principle regarding gold rahn which is guided by the National Sharia Council Fatwa Council No. 41 of Indonesia. 26 / DSN-MUI / III / 2002 concerning gold rahn which basically states: murtahin (bank) has the right to hold the collateral rahin goods (customer) until the debt is repaid.


Kubo's successive formula1l for non~linear irreversible properties needs an investigation of higher order correlations and a summing up of them. Whether this twostep approach can cover the essential natures of non-linear irreversible mechanism or not, seems to require further investigation. In this report, a quantum statisticalmechanical expression for the expectation value of a physical quantity in a disturbed


Nowadays web technology is getting an emergence importance in day to day life. Everyone is surfing on the web uploading important data on the web. A commercial websites typically contains noisy information blocks with main content, it usually such blocks as navigation panels, copyright, privacy notices and advertisements. There are various researches which are focusing on the extract relevant information from the web pages. This paper we are proposed noise elimination method that uses first outlier detection technique which remove the oulier content and second tag based filtering method implemented by the regular expression which remove the remaining tag from the web pages.This paper presents algoritham for remove the global noise from the web pages.


There is plenty of research describing remanufacturing (reman) as the ultimate form of recycling. However, few studies have shown how standards that provide universally accepted definitions and practices can shift towards digitization and how digital technology can act as a catalyst for digital reman. Furthermore, there is no clear direction as to why and how standards and digital technology should work together in reman. Only minimal research (one article from the SCOPUS database) has explored the intersection of these three areas: reman challenges, standards, and digital technology. Many challenges that reman companies face prevent them from successfully transitioning to sustainable production methods. The challenges include high cost of resources, complex parts design, limited core availability, lack of internationally accepted definitions and protocols, poor design of reverse logistics networks, and poor consumer perceptions. On the other hand, digital technology can act as an enabler fueling environmental resilience through innovation. This paper studies how standards can play a role in helping digital technology solve reman challenges, thereby achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal and providing significant opportunities for innovation for small and large enterprises transitioning towards digital reman. The current study is validated by highly experienced reman professionals using the analytical hierarchical process. It is intended to help practitioners assess their organization's current manufacturing practices and improve resource productivity and business growth using the identified standards and technologies. Three-dimensional printing was found to have the most potential in solving reman challenges. Surprisingly, the Internet of Things ranked low despite lacking information on used products or cores being a significant challenge for suppliers.


The advent of VPN makes it possible for enterprises to transform private confidential massage securely and economically through the Internet. At the same time, the performance of private network based on the public network is directly decided by the technology of broadband access. This article mainly discussed the broadband access technology based on ATM over ADSL, analysed the character of using this technology to perform the business, provided a practicable solution to construct VPN ,which is based on the ATM over ADSL broadband access.


OBJECTIVE
Occult hepatitis B infection of voluntary blood donors has been plagued in the serum screening. Determined the OBI through the highly sensitive detection methods Nest-PCR among the blood donors, and then learned occult HBV infection and analysed the genotypes of this area.

METHODS
10 080 serums of donors were determined respectively by the imported Abbott HBsAg kit and Beijing Wantai anti-HBc and anti-HBs reagents, obtained the gene and detected DNA sequences by the high sensitive Nest-PCR method.

RESULTS
Among 10 080 cases of unpaid blood donors, 108 cases were detected HBsAg positively by Abbott sensitivity kit (positive rate of 1.07%), 767 cases were anti-HBc single - positive (positive rate of 7.67%). 25 patients screened blood donors who tested negative for serum HBsAg and positive for HBV DNA in the 10 080 cases. Occult HBV infection incidence rate was 0.25%. 12 cases were HBV genotype C (48%), 13 cases were genotype B (52%), and no other genotypes. Genotype B has no statistically significant difference to genotype C (P > 0.05). Sequence analysis showed that 5 patients in the HBsAg epitope "a" (aa124 - aa147) have mutation (20%).

CONCLUSION
The high proportion of occult hepatitis B infected among voluntary blood donors in our country. Also genotype and mutation was differences in different regions.


The paper mainly studies an improved process, the conditions of the reaction which is to use cyanamide and hydrogen sulfide to synthesize thiourea in ammonia solution has been investigated. These conditions include the molar ratio of cyanamide to hydrogen sulfide, temperature, the ratio of then ammonia solution volume to the mass of cyanamide, how to feed the cyanamide into reactor.


In this paper, a new design procedure is proposed for the design of wideband constant-beamwidth conical corrugated-horn antennas, with minimum design and construction complexity. The inputs to the procedure are the operating frequency band, the required minimum beamwidth in the entire frequency band, and the frequency in which the maximum gain is desired to occur. Based on these values, the procedure gives a relatively good design with a relative bandwidth of up to 2.5:1. Based on the proposed procedure, a corrugated-horn antenna with a constant beamwidth over the frequencies of 8 to 18 GHz was designed and simulated using commercial software. The designed antenna was also constructed, and its electromagnetic performance was measured. The measured results of the constructed prototype antenna confirmed the simulation results and satisfied the design requirements, validating the proposed design procedure.


PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation by comparing trunk muscle thickness, as well as balance of healthy adults during exercises performed with an oscillatory device and non-oscillatory device. METHODS: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation (TSEO) group (n=11) or the trunk strengthening exercise using non-oscillation (TSEN) group (n=11). Subjects in all groups performed the exercises three days per week for 6 weeks. All subjects performed four types of exercises: pull over, seated twist, power push, and diagonal power plank. Trunk muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis (RA), internal


In order to solve the instable problem of system caused by aerodynamic parameters uncertainty with BTT missile at high speed, a robust H∞ controller is designed based on the parameter uncertainty theory. The main idea of the method is to consider the maximum value of uncertain parameter and to build a maximum uncertain matrix, by constructing and solving the Riccati equation; the parameters of a robust state feedback controller are obtained based on LMI method. In the paper, a certain type of BTT missile is taken as an example, and the roll and the pitch-yaw channels are designed independently. The simulation results show that the autopilot designed can inhibit the effects of parameters uncertainty effectively and possess strong robust performance.


The water sorption of several starch samples and resistant starch (RS) samples were analyzed using an equilibrium solution-get structure model and the results were compared to various sorption theories. It is found that the water sorption relations to water activity in starch in the high water content region could be properly described by the equilibrium two-phase structural model. The results suggested that favorable starch-starch interaction determined the formation of starch get in water. The get structure had a high molecular modulus of 10 8 Pa and thus had limited water sorption capability. Part of the starch also exhibited the solution properties with water due to chain ends and defects of the get structure. Despite the unfavorable starch-water interaction, starch-water solution might be formed due to the predominant contributions from the entropy of mixing. The solution phase was responsible for the rapid increase of water sorption at high water activity. It was also demonstrated that the starch could maintain a maximum dynamic unfreezable water up to ∼36%, which was consistent with the DSC measurements.


We combine 10Be surface exposure ages from boulders and bedrock, field observations and measurement of bedrock ice‐flow direction indicators with numerical ice surface models to develop a model of the evolution of the Oberhasli area in the central Swiss Alps from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene. Surface exposure ages from bedrock and boulder samples imply that the highest ice surface at the glacial trimline in Haslital was attained at 23.0 ± 0.8 ka. Significant retreat followed no later than 17.7 ± 0.8 ka. Several boulders were let down on the Gelmerhörner ridge during lowering of the ice surface of the Aare LGM glacier. Their exposure ages of 16–14 ka suggest that patches of remnant ice persisted on the trough shoulder until the Bølling–Allerød interstadial. Lateglacial glacier systems in the High Alps were of a dendritic character, confined to the trunk valleys and cirques. Based on combined evidence from glacial erosional marks, surface exposure ages and numerical modelling we have been able to constrain the likely terminal position and ice surface of the Egesen stadial glacier (Younger Dryas equivalent) in Haslital. Exposure ages from the trough floor imply that deglaciation was completed at the end of the Younger Dryas at 12.2–10.8 ka.


A wavelet-based crack detection algorithm is being developed which combines active detection by means of Fiber Bragg Grating sensors and passive detection by means of wavelet- based crack detection of composite-embedded optical fibers.


The purpose of this article is to present a model of parent-school involvement in furthering the educational development of gifted students. The major premise is that the involvement of parents in the education of their gifted child can be a significant positive force. In order for parents to effectively participate in this educational venture the cooperation and support of school personnel are needed. While many of the ideas presented in this


Somatic embryogenesis has been achieved in 5 species of walnut. Cotyledons and zygotic embryos from immature fruit were routinely used as the explants for inducing somatic embryogenesis of walnut. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis has been used for the clonal production of in vitro plants and for gene transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of somatic embryos as a method, genes of interest have been transformed into walnut. The transgenic plants successfully expressed the transformed genes. An overview of the progress on those areas in walnut was presented in this article. It focuses on the points of induction of somatic embryogenesis and repetitive somatic embryogenesis as well as somatic embryos germination and their conversion. A model of u sing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of somatic embryos for the production of transgenic plants in walnut was also presented.


The isotopes contained in vegetables are the same as in air because their radioactive contamination is due to dust or rain from the atmosphere. The concentration ratios, however, are changed because of selective absorption of the piants. Spinach and Chinese cabbage samples were digested with 6N HCl carrying out a chemical separation process with the solution and determiring the various nuclides from their pulse-height spectrum obtained by means of a scintillation spectrometer. Results showed that K/sup 40/ had the highest activity, followed by Zr/sup 95/, Nb/sub 95/, Cs/sup 137/, Ba/su p 140/, Ce/sup 141/, and Ce/sup 144/ . (TTT)


With amazing optical and electrochemical properties, the benzothioxanthene imide, a sulfur containing rylene, has only recently been demonstrated as promising building block for organic electronics. As a result, the seminal...


Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of serious neonatal and pregnancy-related infection. It now appears that GBS is an important pathogen in


The ancient Greek civilization constitutes the foundation of western civilization and builds the thinking mode of western civilization and the model of educational thought because it integrates the concept of body and mind into the normal state of philosophical paradigm,thus forming a kind of potential and profound influence on the concept of sports.Ancient Greek sports very vividly reveals such thoughts and practicality,which constructs the balance and system of sports concept.Ancient Greek sports,as it were,contains the essence of the educational civilization of ancient Greece,stressing the function of strengthening the body functons to improve the mind so as to achieve the supreme good.The paper,from the perspective of sports virtue,discusses the civilization form and contents of anciient Greek sports and its significance to modern sports.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of power batteries and in particular relates to a top cover of a power battery. The top cover of the power battery comprises a top cover piece, a pole post, an anti-rotation insulating post, a sealing ring, an upper insulator and a high-temperature-resistant insulating piece, wherein the anti-rotation insulating post is arranged on the base part of the pole post; the sealing ring is sleeved on the pole post; the upper insulator is sleeved on the pole post; a clamping spring is clamped on the post body part of the pole post; the high-temperature-resistant insulating piece is attached between the top cover piece and the pole post; and the sealing ring and the anti-rotation insulating post are coated in the high-temperature-resistant insulating piece. Compared with the prior art, the top cover of the power battery has the advantages that the top cover has high-temperature resistance, the pole post is prevented from rotating, and short circuit between the pole post and the top cover piece is avoided under a high-temperature condition; the pole post is not loosened in a vibration environment; and moreover, the pole post and the top cover piece are reliably sealed and connected with each other, short circuit between the pole post and the top cover piece, between a positive pole post and a negative pole post and between a positive tab and a negative tab is avoided when a battery cell is extruded, and thus the safety performance of the power battery is obviously improved. In addition, the utility model also discloses the power battery comprising the top cover.


Today, safety of workers in workplaces is a major concern and hence the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has made the usage of helmet in industrial sites as mandatory which in turn protect the workers from head injuries. The work presented in this paper considers the standard design of industrial helmet used and the same geometry is used in the analysis of helmet shell fabricated using bamboo and vakka fiber reinforced composite. The current analysis focuses on the impact stress on helmet by Finite Element Analysis through dynamic stimulation method using ANSYS software. The model has been designed in CATIA V5 and meshed with required element size. After modeling is done, the analyses have been done using ANSYS. The use of hybrid composite material in this application have increased properties such as strength and hardness of the helmet proposed. The results obtained from analysis have been displayed for various boundary conditions.


The radioactive tracers {sup 241}Am, {sup 152,154}Eu, {sup 144}Ce({sup 144}Pr), {sup 137}Cs, and {sup 85}Sr are used to determine the distribution coefficients of Am(III), Eu(III), Ce(III), Cs, and Sr on extraction from nitrate and chloride solutions by mixtures of F-substituted analogs of dithiophosphoric acids (F-DTPA) of general formula (H(CF{sub 2}CF{sub 2}){sub n}CH{sub 2}O){sub 2}P(S)SH (n = 1, 2, 3) and crown ethers 15-crown-5 (15C5) and 18-crown-6 (18C6). Higher selectivity is found for F-DTPA in the presence of 18C6 for Ce(III), Eu(III), and Am(III) as compared with 15C5. The extraction properties of F-DTPA are largely analogous to those of the strong organic acid chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide. The separation factors of the Eu(III)-Am(III) pair on extraction by mixtures of F-DTPA with tributylphosphate (TBP) do not reach the values obtained in the literature for mixtures of TBP and dithiophosphoric acids.


The index weight/height which has been known as the body mass index, was found useful for the assessment of the current or short duration forms of mainutrition among infants, preschool children and adults. It was also found closely correlated with growth rates of infants and preschool children.


The purpose of this study is to know 1) Contribution of education and training (training) cooperatives on participation in Kopma UMS. 2) Contribution of members' motivation to participation in Kopma UMS. 3) Contributions of education and training (training) cooperatives and motivation of members to participation in Kopma UMS.
This research is anquantitative research ex post facto. The population in this study is the common member of Kopma UMS which amounts to 749. The sample of this study amounted to 115 members taken with the technique of Quota Sampling. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and documentation. The prerequisite test of data analysis includes normality test, linearity test, multicolinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test. Data analysis techniques used are multiple regression analysis, t test, F test, coefficient of determination, effective contribution and relative donation.
 The result of regression analysis obtained regression equation Y = -8,459 + 0,483X1 + 0,481X2. The conclusion is 1) There is a contribution of education and training (training) cooperatives on participation in Kopma UMS. It is based on t test in the know that the value of sig 0.012 <0.05 at a significant level of 5% with an effective contribution of 21.9% and a relative contribution of 54%. 2) There is a contribution of members' motivation to participation in Kopma UMS. This is based on t test in the know that the sig value 0.029 <0.05 at 5% significant level with effective contribution of 18.7% and 46% relative contribution. 3) There is a contribution of education and training (training) cooperatives and motivation of members to participation in Kopma UMS. It is based on f test that the sig value 0.000 <0,05 at 5% significant level. 4) The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.406 indicates that the contribution of education and training (training) and motivation cooperatives members of the participation is 40.6% while the rest influenced by other variables.


Abstract If 𝔛 {\mathfrak{X}} is a class of groups, define a sequence of group classes 𝔛 1 , 𝔛 2 , … , 𝔛 k , … {\mathfrak{X}_{1},\mathfrak{X}_{2},\ldots,\mathfrak{X}_{k},\ldots} by putting 𝔛 1 = 𝔛 {\mathfrak{X}_{1}=\mathfrak{X}} and choosing 𝔛 k + 1 {\mathfrak{X}_{k+1}} as the class of all groups whose non-permutable subgroups belong to 𝔛 k {\mathfrak{X}_{k}} . In particular, if 𝔄 {\mathfrak{A}} is the class of abelian groups, 𝔄 2 {\mathfrak{A}_{2}} is the class of quasimetahamiltonian groups, i.e. groups whose non-permutable subgroups are abelian. The aim of this paper is to study the structure of 𝔛 k {\mathfrak{X}_{k}} -groups, with special emphasis on the case 𝔛 = 𝔄 {\mathfrak{X}=\mathfrak{A}} . Among other results, it will also be proved that a group has a finite normal subgroup with quasihamiltonian quotient if and only if it is locally graded and belongs to 𝔄 k {\mathfrak{A}_{k}} for some positive integer k.


The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory will produce a reference design report in 2013 that will contain a detailed performance analysis of the Neutrino Factory and a cost estimate. In order to determine the cost a number of engineering features need to be included in the accelerator physics design, which can require the physics design to be re-optimised. The cost estimate is determined in such a way as to make efficient use of the engineering resources available and to simplify the process of modifying the physics design to include engineering features. This paper will present details of the methodology used to determine the cost estimate and the current status of each subsystem.


Objecive To investigate the efficacy of metoprolol combined with losartan potassium on patients with congestive heart failure(CHF).Method On the basis of conventional treatment,196 cases of CHF patients were randomly divided into three groups:65 cases in metoprolol(M) group,67 cases in losartan potassium(losartan,L) group and 64 cases in metoprolol auxiliaried losartan(M-L) group.The first dose of metoprolol was determined according to heart function,if there were no adverse reactions,their weekly dose was doubled until the maximum tolerance.Losartan potassium was given,25~100mg,qd.The treatment course of three groups were all six months.Before and after treatment,the changes of cardiac function,left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVD),left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVS),left ventricular ejection fraction(EF),cardiac output(CO),cardiothoracic ratio(C/T) and norepinephrine(NE) in each group were observed.Results The therapeutic effect of M-L group was better than those of M group and L group.Conclusions For CHF patients,the combination therapy of metoprolol and losartan potassium is safe and effective.It can effectively improve the cardiac function and quality of life,it is worth promoting in clinic.


We use both analytic modeling and computer simulation to show that large-amplitude hose instability of a beam propagating in a gas-filled conducting drift tube can lead to current enhancement. The calculations are applied to explain the results of several recent experiments.


We present WordMelodies, a mobile edutainment app designed for inclusive teaching of literacy skills to visually impaired and sighted primary school children. WordMelodies is a cross-platform mobile application, and it can be accessed visually and through screen reader. It is available in Italian and in English, and it includes over 80 different exercises, with diverse interaction modalities and configurable difficulty levels. It is designed to be extendable with new exercises, and localized to additional languages with specific and appropriate linguistic exercises. We describe the design process of WordMelodies, consisting of two iterations, which included formative studies and tests with visually impaired participants and experts in education for children with visual impairments.


Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) occurred from May to November and was the primary parasitoid of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), pupae in corn fields at Tifton, GA, from 1...


We provide an axiomatic foundation for a class of neural-network models applied to decision-making under risk, called neural-network expected utility (NEU) models. Motivated by classic experimental findings, we weaken the independence axiom in a novel way. We show how to use simple neurons, referred to as behavioral neurons, in a NEU model to capture behavioral biases such as reference dependence and the certainty effect. Empirically, we find that focusing on NEU models with multiple types of behavioral neurons helps mitigate overfitting, and some simple NEU models with natural interpretation have good predictive power.


The microstructu r e and properties of pure molybdenum(PM)w i res and Mo-La(LM) wires heat-treated at different temperature have been investig ated.It is shown that La 2O 3 is a uniqu e existing form of La in the molybdenum wires.La 2O 3 can enhance the room-tempe rature strength of the Mo-La wires and i ncrease the temperature of recrystall ization.The low-temperature embitterment of Mo-La wires heat-treated at high tem perature is improved and the comprehensi ve properties of the LM wires are better than that of the PM wires.


Barcelona, Spain — J. William Little, M.D., says it's high time facial cosmetic surgeons rethink traditional procedures for performing periorbital rejuvenation — the correction of the sagging areas around the eyes that give a patient a tired, aged look.


There can be no doubt that the emergence of the Bogumils during the 12th century gave rise not only to a ferment in the life of the Serbian Church but also to changes in the organization and in liturgical forms and in this connection an inevitable deviation from the liturgy of the ruling Byzantine Church. Thus we may accept the hypothesis that already by this period the ritual singing of the Serbian Church had begun to vary from the original Byzantine. We may imagine the same process – characterised by the tendency to simplify the original Byzantine melody – both with the Bogumils and with the rest of the Serbian Church, on one hand due to the simplicity to which the Bogumils were inclined and on the other to the small number of churches, mostly neglected. A change comes about in the second half of the 12th century in the period of Stevan Nemanja when the Serbian state took a determinedly negative stand against Bogumilism and when in these circumstances and in this spirit a need was felt to set the Church in order. From our information about ritual church singing in Serbia before Stevan Nemanja as well as during his rule, we must conclude that also in this very important field of liturgy the same need was felt. However, the true reform of liturgical singing, as can unambiguously be seen from Sava's Life of Stevan Nemanja and the life of St. Sava by Theodosius the Monk, was carried out by Rastko, Stevan Nemanja's youngest son, when, as Sava I, he established the Serbian autocephalous archiepiscopate. The reform was necessary for a number of reasons; because in the circumstances mentioned above, the singing had deviated from the Byzantine, because in a sense it had become out-of-date, because the order and the place of individual hymns in the liturgy had been destroyed and because at about that time the Byzantine Church (and after her, other Orthodox churches in Europe) had at last accepted the hagiopolitical tradition.


Institutional reforms concerning budget discipline, budget making process and transparency in the budget, restrain the expansion of budget deficit. However, in Japan, budget ceilings, supplementary budgets, the Fiscal Structural Reform law of 1997, and the inter-governmental fiscal relations did not effective ly manage the fiscal position. This paper examines institutional problems in the fiscal sector and compares them to the system in the United States. With respect to the role of fiscal rules, there only exist few rules based on statutes which restrict the budget deficit and debt level. Japan establishes centralization in budget process. The institutional arrangements attain an equal level with other countries. However, the strategic examination of the entire budget, target setting, budget examinations are not conducted well in Japan. With respect to the transparency of budget, they do not show the medium-term fiscal projections and the fiscal impact of economic packages. The article is organized as follows. Section 1 reviews OECD data and recent economic controversies in Japan. Thee roles of fiscal institutions are examined in Section 2. I examine Japan's fiscal failures from the view point of fiscal institutions in Section 3. Concluding remarks are presented in Section 4.


The 1997-1998 El-Nino brought with it a range of severe local-regional hydrological phenomena. Record high temperatures and extremely dry soil conditions in Texas is an example of this regional effect. The El-Nino and La-Nina change the continental weather patterns considerably. However, connections between continental weather anomalies and regional or local anomalies have not been established to a high degree of confidence. There are several unique features of the recent El-Nino and La-Nina. Due to the recognition of the present El-Nino well in advance, there have been several coupled model studies on global and regional scales. Secondly, there is a near real-time monitoring of the situation using data from satellite sensors, namely, SeaWIFS, TOVS, AVHRR and GOES. Both observations and modeling characterize the large scale features of this El-Nino fairly well. However the connection to the local and regional hydrological phenomenon still needs to be made. This paper will use satellite observations and analysis data to establish a relation between local hydrology and large scale weather patterns. This will be the first step in using satellite data to perform regional hydrological simulations of surface temperature and soil moisture.


Bacterial transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is spatially organised. RNAPs transcribing highly expressed genes locate in the nucleoid periphery, and form clusters in rich media, with several studies linking RNAP clustering and transcription of ribosomal RNA (rrn). However, the nature of RNAP clusters and their association with rrn transcription remains unclear. Here we address these questions by using single-molecule tracking to monitor the subcellular distribution of mobile and immobile RNAP in strains with a heavily reduced number of chromosomal rrn operons (Δrrn strains). Strikingly, we find that the fraction of chromosome-associated RNAP (which is mainly engaged in transcription) is robust to deleting 5 or 6 of the 7 chromosomal rrn operons. Spatial analysis in Δrrn strains showed substantial RNAP redistribution during moderate growth, with clustering increasing at the cell end-caps, where the remaining rrn operons reside. These results support a model where RNAPs in Δrrn strains relocate to copies of the remaining rrn operons. We also show that Δrrn strains experience increased rrn gene dosage in rich media, minimising growth defects due to rrn deletions. Our study further links RNAP clusters and rrn transcription, and offers insight on how bacteria maintain growth in the presence of only 1-2 rrn operons.


China has abundant intangible cultural heritage. China has accumulated rich experience in the protection of cultural heritage in collection,collation,inheritance,protection of folk intangible cultural heritage. The process of protection in China can be divided into three stages in terms of time,including before twentieth century,the twentieth century and early twenty-first century. It is from unconscious and single protection to conscious and systematic one. At present,China has initially formed an integrated protection system of the intangible cultural heritage.


It is now over three decades since American legal scholarship witnessed the birth of the 'new' movement in law and economics. Up until the 1960s, American academic lawyers had been interested in economics only in so far as it was seen to be important for a proper estimation of those areas of law which quite obviously involve economic issues, areas such as anti-trust, taxation and the regulation of industry. This 'old' tradition of law and economics centred around the task of analysing the degree to which these select areas of law could be said to be economically efficient in their operation. In the 1960s, law and economics branched outwards, as its proponents began to extend their analyses beyond those specific areas of law which were regarded as essentially 'economic' at their core and focus more generally on the common law (including those areas of the common law which do not appear, prima facie, to regulate economic relationships).l This widening of focus among lawyereconomists was inspired by a paradigmatic shift of Kuhnian proportions2 at the foundation of law and economics theory, a shift which was at once stimulated and achieved by Ronald Coase's path-breaking economic study of liability rules, 'The Problem of Social Cost.'3 Coase's study, more than any other,4 heralded the birth of the 'new' law and economics. The most basic insight to be inferred from his work is that, from an economic perspective, it may prove rational for parties to contract around pre-existing legal rules, should those rules preclude them from maximising their resources and minimising their costs.5 Coase took issue with the view common among welfare economists of the time that agents should be wholly responsible for the undesirable external effects of activities carried out on their own land (for example, that factories emitting polluting smoke should be liable in costs to their neighbours). Legal rules, welfare economists had argued, were to be devised to ensure that agents would bear the full costs of their offending activities. Coase shattered this traditional economic reasoning. The core of his thesis is that where two parties have rights in neighbouring plots of land and the activities of those parties in exercising their rights turn out


The physical principles and signal processing techniques underlying bat echolocation are investigated. It is shown, by calculation and simulation, how the measured echolocation performance of bats can be achieved.


Abstract-The experimental results of removing nitrate and nitrite in a sulfur-shell packed bed reactor indicate that nitrate is effectively removed through the autotrophic denitrification process in the sulfur-shell packed bed reactor. More than 95% removal achieved when HRT> 4 h in nitrate denitrification process and when HRT> 1 h in nitrite denitrification process. The pH of effluent decreases with the decrease of hydraulic retention time. The amount of sulfate generation only related with the removal of nitrate and nitrite. Δsulfate: Δnitrate = 7.72, Δsulfate: Δnitrite = 7.97. In denitrification process, the effluent loads augment with the augment of influent loads. On the contrary, the removal rate of load decrease with the augment of influent loads. Denitrification of nitrate and nitrite has the highest removal rate at pH = 8.0 and pH = 7.0.


The authors investigated lacustrine chemical sediments on terrace‐I of Dong Co—a salt lake in the interior of the northern Tibetan Plateau and firstly discovered borax and a complete sedimentary section with five pure mirabilite beds. According to the sedimentary characteristics of rhythmic layering, palaeotemperatures for the formation of the cold‐phase mineral—mirabilite—at the profiles and 14C dating, the authors applied the theory and method of comparative salinology in the study of the history of the palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment of Dong Co in the early and middle Holocene and drew the conclusion that the salt lake had experienced the following climatic evolution: the warm and moist stage (>8470 a BP and possibly to 10500 a BP)→ cold and dry stage (8470–8170 a BP)→ warm and moist stage (8170–7590 a BP)→stage of repeated climatic oscillations (7590–7400 a BP, alternation of three dry oscillations and three moist oscillations in a generally cold climatic background)→cold and dry stage (7400–6940 a BP)→warm and moist stage (6940–6620 a BP)→cold and dry stage (6620–6410 a BP)→warm and moist stage (after 6410 a BP).


The article is illustration of Victora Turner's approach concerning liminality of phenomena both in social and ethical dimension. It shows liquid borders between state and self-defence social movements which from informal communitas transform into criminal organizations, and in time became states in state. The border between state and criminal organization can become liminal. Liminality of border between good and bad means not only that the same persons who in time of peace condem evil, during war glorify killing. It means also changing hierarchy of values in time of peace. As profitable and also good is regarded what serves smaller social group existing within the confines of bigger groups, for example criminal organization in a state, one state in the confines of community of states, or transnational corporation in world. In a country dominated by criminal organizations, crime is regarded as normalcy, and normalcy is treated as something curious and incomprehesible. Desire to improvement one's social status at all costs is leading to criminalization of life and to living in permanent fear.


Higher vocational colleges should take employment as the direction, aim at training the applied talents of technology for the society. We should renew our school-running ideas, found the concept to train qualified technicians for social economic development, go deep into investigation, set specialties reasonably, change the present courses and teaching materials, train "double division type" teachers, improve higher vocational colleges' teaching quality, give prominence to practicing ability in order to make sure that students can get employed after graduation and raise the employment rate.


The key – or one of the keys - for the Portuguese (moderate) success was the timely declaration of the state of emergency, done in a moment in which the country was not yet in a real public health crisis. Curiously, social distancing and even confinement was effected by the community (some schools and companies) even before the government realized how serious was the ongoing health crisis.


Bom in Argentina in 1942, Ariel Dorfman moved to New York with his family in 1944 after his father lost his university position because of his political opposition to the military government which preceded Juan Per?n's presidency. His family moved to Chile when he was twelve and he remained there until 1973 when he was forced into exile by the coup of General Augusto Pinochet which ousted Salvador Allende. In his writing Dorfman has attempted to come to grips with the causes and effects of those traumatic events. Protesting the abuses of authoritarian governments in the Southern Cone and elsewhere, his work is a passionate plea for human rights not only in Latin America but around the world. Widows, a novel, deals with the problem of the missing. The Last Song of Manuel Sendero, perhaps his most ambitious novel to date, treats the problems and effects of exile. The latest novel, Mascara, is a general treatment of the themes of power and evil. The poems of The Last Waltz in Santiago are a moving personal testament to the events which took place in Chile under the Pinochet regime. Dorfman has also written a series of essays, collected in The Empire's Old Clothes and How to Read Donald Duck, in which he investigates the underlying ideological and political ideas of such "innocent" heroes as Babar, Donald Duck, and the Lone Ranger. Since 1985 he has taught at Duke University. With democratic reforms taking place in Chile, Dorfman plans to return there permanently in the 95


The macroscopic mechanical properties of steel are highly dependent upon microstructure, crystallographic orientation of grains and distribution of each phase present etc... Nanomechanical testing using depth sensing indentation (DSI) provides a straightforward solution for quantitatively characterizing each of phases in microstructure because it is very powerful technique for characterization of materials in small volumes. Measuring the local properties (indentation hardness HIT, Young's modulus EIT, indentation energy: total W, elastic Wel, plastic Wpl) of each microstructure component separately in multiphase materials gives information that is valuable for the development of new materials and for modelling [1]. In this work, depth sensing indentation has been used to reveal mechanical properties of individual ferrite grains with different crystallographic orientations in various steel sheets. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was used to determine the grain orientations, in which were made the nanohardness measurements.


SUMMARY

In the surgical setting, anemia is a common feature and an independent risk factor for blood transfusion, inpatient complications, delayed hospital discharge and poorer functional recovery. Despite adverse side effects and the increasing costs to health systems, allogeneic blood transfusion is the standard of care for anemia. Within this context, NATA (Network for the Advancement of Transfusion Alternatives) guidelines advocate steps towards prevention, diagnosis of anemia and stimulation of erythropoiesis in surgical patients. These include iron – p.o. and i.v. formulations – and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) as viable alternatives pre-, peri- and/or postoperatively. The combination of these methods with restrictive transfusion triggers, tranexamic acid and blood salvage techniques may reduce perioperative transfusion rates. The main objective of this article is to briefly review the use of iron in surgical patients, with special focus on orthopedic surgery. From the analyzed information, it can be concluded that, despite the lack of large randomized controlled trials, results indicate that because of the low incidence of serious side effects and the rapid increase of hemoglobin levels, i.v. iron emerges as a safe and effective drug for treating and preventing perioperative anemia. In addition, i.v. iron administration reduces rHuEPO dose requirements. The use of new i.v. iron formulations will allow the administration of large doses in a single session, thus facilitating a more widespread use of this therapeutic option.


Objective To study the p38MAPK expression change in the course of pancreatic cancer cells apoptosis induced by adriamycin(ADM).Methods The effect of ADM and SB203580 on the apoptosis was analysed with annexinV-PI staining and flow cytometry,detecting the effect of ADM and SB203580 on the p38MAPK expression with cytoimmunochemistry.Results ①After ADM 24 h's action the BxPC-3's apoptosis rate was 20.1%,higher than the control group(P0.01);the group of ADM combining SB203580 got a cell apoptosis rate 40.9%,higher markedly than the groups with single ADM did;SB203580 increased the ADM's apoptosis-inducing activity;the F value was 136.79 according to the one way analysis of variance(ANOVA).② p38MAPK was located in the cell plasma,showing deep brown,when adding 20 μmol/L ADM to BxPC-3 cell for 24 h;the p38MAPK expression decreased;density and count of the p38MAPK all declined after adding 20 μmol/L ADM and SB203580.Conclusion ADM can activate the p38MAPK signal way,p38MAPK can protect BxPC-3 from the apoptosis induced by ADM,blocking the p38MAPK signal way can increase the apoptosis induced by ADM.


The US housing industry is responding to resource constraints with a people-centered rather than automobile-oriented approach. A worldwide housing shortage and depressed economy are reducing lot and building size and emphasizing shared space. Affordable, relocatable structure could meet many housing needs of the poor and elderly. Existing buildings are increasingly divided into multiple units, and cluster grouping is reducing transportation needs. Third world countries will see more illegal occupation of the land as populations increase and outpace land reform. Housing goals in a crowded planet can emphasize minimum private space and maximum neighborhood and public space to meet much of the need. (DCK)


PURPOSE: A method for preparing organohalosilanes using tin or tin compound as a main catalyst is provided, which tin catalyst has high activity and low side reactions, so that the preparation method can be performed under high reaction speed, small T/D(organotrihalosilane/diorganodihalosilane) and low side products or carbon deposition. CONSTITUTION: The method for preparing organohalosilanes represented by formula (1), RnHmSiX(4-n-m), using tin or tin compound as a main catalyst comprises the steps of: inserting metal silicon and catalyst into a reactor; introducing gas including organohalide into the reactor; and reacting them, wherein the catalyst is tin or tin compound; R is primary carbohydrate; X is halogen atom; n is an integer of 1 to 3; m is an integer of 0 to 1; and n+m is 1 to 3; and the metal silicon and tin or tin compound are pre-mixed or pre-heated prior to the reaction to form a precursor.


W the context of arable land and fresh water limits and a large population, the ability of China's agriculture to meet demands for food, fodder, and fuel presents a falling tendency. Therefore, it is crucial for China to find appropriate methods and effective technologies to solve the food security problem, to achieve agricultural stability and sustainable development. Saline agriculture is proposed as one of the best solutions to deal with this threat. Success stories in saline agriculture have been documented in India and Pakistan. Nearly 70% of the total area of China's saline soils occur in arid or semiarid regions, so developing water-saving saline agriculture is perhaps an efficient method for the optimized matching of agricultural water and soil resources. As an advanced irrigation technique with water-saving advantages, drip-irrigation is widely used in traditional agriculture throughout China. Here, we propose that planting halophyte crops under drip-irrigation conditions may be a promising approach for reclamation and utilization of saline soils in arid northwestern China. China's National Mediumand Long-Term Program for Food Security (2008−2020) shows that China's food security faces serious challenges, including rigid growth of commissary consumer demand, reduction of the arable land, and shortage of agricultural water resources. According to the Ministry of Land Resources of China, China is approaching the arable land "red line" (120 million hectare) because of urbanization, salinizaition and desertification. Saline soils, which are precious candidate arable land resources, occupy a significant strategic position in agriculture. Recently, rational reclamation and suitable utilization of saline soils in arid areas has become a major issue in China and has attracted increasing awareness from both government administrators and scientists. In China, about 25 million hectare saline soils in arid area remain uncultivable because of high salinity and water scarcity. Various approaches to reclaim saline soils including engineering, mechanical, chemical and biological are widely applied in northwestern China. However, such approaches have not yielded desirable results due to high costs or water limitations. Revegetation of saline soils with salt hyperaccumulating halophytes is a proactive phytoremediation method. Many halophytes such as Suaeda maritima and Sesuvium portulacastrum are reported to accumulate high contents of salt in their above ground tissues, and saline soils can be remediated by harvesting the plants regularly. To plant halophytes with limited water resources, this is a question of primary importance for arid saline soil recovery. Drip-irrigation is an effective irrigation technique to improve water use efficiency and is widely applied in traditional crops all over the world, especially in arid regions. This technology has the potential to plant halophytic crops and to obtain high-yield biomass with less irrigation water. Many halophytes have succulent leaves or small leaves, so we expect that water consumption for halophyte cultivation may be less than or similar to local crops grown under drip-irrigation. We hope that by using this system, a crucial step will be taken to break the bottleneck of biological reclamation of saline soils in arid areas. Not only can saline agriculture reclaim saline soils efficiently, it can also directly provide food, fodder, renewable energy and raw materials for industry. Scientists have found thousands of halophytes with great potential for development. Halophytes grown under saline conditions show levels of biomass and seed production comparable to conventional crops. For instance, Salicornia bigelovii, an oil-seed halophyte, could produce ca. 18 tons ha−1 of biomass and 2 tons ha−1 of seeds. Some halophytes have high nutritional value as forage or fodder crops. The restricting factor is their high salt content, but this limitation can be moderated by leaf protein extraction. Although the direct consumption of halophytic crops by humans and animals is limited, their seeds are being considered as new sources of grains or vegetable oils. Recent research carried out in Pakistan showed that some halophytes have potential as bioethanol crops.


This article investigates how state authorities in Norway and Finland design national curriculum to provide different policy conditions for local curriculum work in municipalities and schools. The topic is explored by comparing how national authorities in Norway and Finland create a scope for local curriculum. The data consist of interviews with educational administrators as well as curricula documents and guidance material from the national level. The findings indicate two ways that state-based curriculum-making can provide conditions for control. In Finland, local curriculum work is constructed as a pedagogical process for developing local curriculum. In Norway, local curriculum work is constructed as a process for applying and thereby delivering the national curriculum. This illuminates that forms of state-based curriculum imply various ways of local curriculum control.


As an important supporting technology for Industrial Internet, Industrial Ethernet has attracted extensive attention in recent years. EtherCAT is a typical Industrial Ethernet specification and widely used in field networks. With the development of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), it is a challenge for connecting EtherCAT filed network to IPv6-based industrial backbone network in the factory. This paper proposes a protocol translation scheme between EtherCAT network and IPv6 network. The methods for packet identification, frame format translation, priority translation, and address translation are presented. The translation scheme is implemented in the testbed. Test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed translation scheme.


With an aim to achieve a balance between ground state and excited state reduction potential of donor acceptor systems for efficient C-N/C-C cross coupling, a series of donor acceptor systems DA1-DA4 have been synthesized by varying the donor strength and connecting positions. With an increase in donor strength, systematic elevation in the ground state reduction potential and decrease in HOMO-LUMO gap was observed. Interestingly, all the derivatives DA1-DA4 could catalyze C-N bond formation reaction between activated aryl halides and amines at low catalytic loading under metal-free conditions without need of any external base upon irradiation with white LED. A balance was realized in case of derivative DA2 which exhibits high efficiency in C-N couplings. Different control experiments support the validity of the energy as well as electron transfer pathways in the visible light mediated C-N bond formation. This study further reveals the potential of derivative DA1 in 'metal free' Sonogashira coupling involving activated aryl halides which is attributed to its high excited state reduction potential.


386 World cup-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 03906, South Korea, (E-mail): jwa4746@ naver.com, (Tel): +82-10-5221-9420. The main idea of this paper is originally from Jwa (2006) (in Korean), and a resource paper based on that idea, "Korea's New Village Movement: Success Factors and Implications on Development Economics" (K-Developedia, Seoul: KDI School of Public Policy and Management, 2015) is a precursor to this paper as well as the section on "Success Factors of Saemaul Undong" in Chapter 8 of Jwa (2017b). However, this paper now covers much broader topics than all those early related works. The author has benefited from his affiliations with Korea Development Institute (KDI), Korea Economic Research Institute (KERI), and the Kyeonggi Research Institute, as well as from teaching Korean economic development at Seoul National University, KDI school of Public Policy and Management, and the Park Chung Hee School of Policy and Saemaul of Yungnam University. The author appreciates two anonymous referees for their useful comments. The author further appreciates Professor Yong Yoon at Chulalongkorn University for his longstanding research collaboration and Dr. Tae-Joon Han, senior fellow at the President Park Chung Hee Memorial Foundation for useful comments as well as assistance in English editing. The author also thanks Dr. Taekyu Lee, an economist at the Korea Economic Research Institute and Dr. Byung-Ook Lee, a research professor at Seoul National University for their assistances in empirical work.


Abstract Introduction The purpose of this yearlong elective course is to educate first- or second-year medical students about the cultural and environmental factors influencing the health status of...


Incompressible viscous flow in a channel with sinusoidally–walled boundaries is investigated numerically. The ultimate aim of the investigation is the computation of the linear stability with respect to two– and three–dimensional perturbations of the basic two–dimensional flow. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Seasonal fluctuation of alate green peach aphid, Myzus persicac (Sulz.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) was investigated weekly by a Moericke trap from November 1977 to January 1978 at Tanan, Hsinshe, Taichung, and from March 1978 to April 1979 at Wufeng, Taichung, respectively. The population of alate Myzus persicae began to increase around mid-October and reached its peak on mid-December, and then declined in late December and maintained at rather low level from mid-April to mid-October. Apparently, the population of winged M. persicae was high during the whole potato crop season from November to March. Four granular insecticides, 5% Croneton (Ethiofencarp) G, 3% Furadan (Carbofuran) G, 5% Geofos (Nem-A-Tak) G and 10% Temik (Aldicarb) G were used for the control of M. persicae on potatoes. 10% Temik was applied to the soil at the planting time and the other three insecticides were applied to the soil at the planting time and 8 weeks after planting. In all insecticide treatments aphid control was effective compared to untreated checks but there was no significant difference among 4 treatments. In laboratory studies with potted plants oil emulsion sprays of 2% Banana Spray Oil Esso, 2% Orchex 796, and 2% Summer Oil prevented transmission of virus PVY by M. persicae.


Nonsymmetric inhomogeneous lateral expansion of a parallel-plate waveguide containing dielectric layers, a resistive film, and a grating of metallic strips is studied. A propagation constant is found from two-sided equivalent boundary conditions, and scattering coefficients are obtained from the solution of the diffraction problem with the method of moments.


The present study was concerned with the perceptual processing of complex auditory stimuli in ten children (M_ age=8.1) as compared to ten young adults (M_ age=19.3) and ten older adult subjects (M_ age=54.2). The auditory stimulus used was 10 s of rock music [Led Zeppelin, CD Recording No. 19127−2 (Atlantic Recording Group, New York 1969)]. All three groups provided numerical responses to nine intensity levels of the rock music stimulus (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 dB above threshold). Results showed that the children demonstrated a wider range of numerical responses than both adult groups. The range of mean numerical responses for the children was 0.54 to 54.24. For the young adults the range was 0.76 to 11.37, and for the older subjects it was 1.6 to 23.31. Results suggest that the children were not bound by the same set of rules as the adults in regard to magnitude estimation scaling of the loudness of the rock music stimulus. Their internal scaling mechanisms appeared to be more flexible a...


The uncased horizontal wellbore is widely used in high-strength formation, especially in low porosity and low permeability carbonate reservoirs to enlarge the drainage area around the whole horizontal section. Multi-staged fracturing and temporary plugging technology are usually used to create complex fracture networks for enhancing well productivity. However, due to the complex geological environments in hydraulic fracturing operations, the sliding sleeve cannot be always fully opened. It is crucial to figure out the threshold concentration of temporary plugging materials at which the temporary plugging materials can be transported through different sizes of slide sleeves. This paper provides an innovative experiment apparatus and experimental procedures to evaluate the transportability of various temporary plugging mixtures concentrations. The proposed sliding sleeve transportability device consists of a 3D migration simulation system, a sliding sleeve simulation device, and a video recording device. The sizes of the sliding sleeve determined by the similarity criterion (the same Reynolds number) are 60mm × 14mm, 45mm × 14mm, and 30mm × 14mm, which can be used to simulate the different degrees of opening the sliding sleeve. Similar criteria that convert filed operation parameters such as pump rate and flow regime to indoor experimental conditions were also proposed. SH-1 well, an uncased horizontal well in the S carbonate reservoir, in China, was used as an example to explore the upper limits concentration of temporary plugging mixtures. The filed temporary plugging displacement is 3m3/min and the carrying fluid viscosity is 12mPa.s. Serial and rigorous experiments were designed to explore the transportability threshold of different sizes of sliding sleeve sizes under different hydraulic fracturing conditions. Results show that the threshold transportability concentration of the temporary mixtures for 60mm×14mm, 45mm×14mm, and 30mm×14mm slide sleeve sizes are 3.2% 4-6mm fiber +2.4% 1-2mm particle, 2.4% 4-6mm fiber +2.0% 1-2mm particle, and 2.0% 4-6mm fiber +1.6% 1-2mm particle, respectively. The proposed experimental apparatus and procedures can be further used to explore the threshold concentrations of temporary plugging materials for other uncased horizontal wells and can provide a theoretical basis for the design of temporary plugging displacement and carrying fluid viscosity.


Summary

Accurate and reliable data on alcohol consumption and the production of alcoholic beverages are available mainly for western industrial countries.

The consumption of each beverage type is highly concentrated in regions in which they are part of an established drinking culture. The rise of such a culture is based on both socio-economic and natural conditions of the production of the respective beverage type.

Of the three beverage groups which are distinguished by international statistics, production and consumption of wine is most clearly concentrated in certain wine areas, whereas the prevalence of beer is independent of the production of grain. Spirits are mostly consumed in countries where also grain production is voluminous.

This is interpreted so that a large part of present day beer consumption takes place in new circumstances and is not tied to old traditions and beer drinking cultures. The consumption of wine is still traditional to a much greater degree.


Objective To investigate the correlation of allergy and the serum levels of specific IgE against mite and cockroach allergens in the patients with allergy disease.Methods The specific IgE levels against mite and cockroach allergens were detected by ELISA on the blood serum samples of 199 outpatients who were recruited during 2004 Oct to 2005 Oct at Respiratory department and Allergy department.Results The positive rate against the mite allergens(Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(d1),Dermatophagoides farinae(d2),and Blomia tropicalis(d201)of the children was higher than that of adults and showed stronger positive result.For the patients allergic to cockroach,the positive results were all under the class IV level.For those patients who were allergic to both of mite and cockroach,the specific IgE against mite allergen specific IgE was significantly higher then that against cockroach allergen(P0.01).Conclusion Mite and cockroach allergens are important allergens of allergic diseases,from which mite allergen played a dominant role.For those patients who are allergic to both mite and cockroach,they are proved to be more sensitive to mite allergen.


tradition and by emphasizing the historical trajectory of tolerance laws in protecting moral integrity. He asserts that arguments for religious tolerance would extend and strengthen current strategies calling for more just legal interpretations. Unfortunately, Richards does not specifically develop his argument for the applications and understandings of religious tolerance throughout his book and does not discuss the ramifications of using such an argument for contemporary progressive purposes weakening this otherwise compelling argument. Because his historical trajectory or moral slavery is not as strong for the twentieth century (notably he discusses the civil rights movement and second wave feminism only superficially), Richards's argument is less contextualized and more focused on specific legal and political issues. Thus the ramifications of the use of his reinterpretation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments in the struggle for lesbian and gay rights remain unexamined. By centering his argument on the concept of moral slavery, Richards brings attention to the possibilities for developing a concept of a moral personality, and morality more generally, in twentieth-century legal thought. While this is a provocative concept, the meanings Richards ascribes to the morality are ultimately not defined. The line between Richards's provocative argument asserting a layered redefinition of nineteenth-century constitutional rights and his more pragmatic aim of assuring the legal protection of lesbians and gay men in the late twentieth century loses clarity around the problematic meanings of morality and their complicated relationship to understandings of religion and civil rights. Despite these difficulties, Richards provides a set of compelling questions and a thoughtful meditation on the prospects for the extension of civil rights in this contemporary moment.


Building materials and furnishings emit a wide variety of indoor pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At present, no accurate models are available to characterize material emissions and sorption under realistic indoor conditions. The objective of this thesis is to fill that gap. Using the emission data measured in small-scale and full-scale environmental chambers, this investigation has developed a numerical model for simulating emissions of "wet" materials applied to porous substrates. This model considers VOC mass transfer processes in the air, material-air interface, material film, and the substrate. The model can predict "wet" material emissions under different environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, velocity, turbulence, and VOC concentration in the air) with reasonable accuracy. We developed two models for simulating VOC emissions from dry materials. One is a numerical model for short-term predictions, the other is an analytical model for long-term predictions. The models have been successfully used to examine the VOC emissions from two particleboard samples and a polypropene Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) carpet. A VOC sorption model has also been developed to analytically solve the VOC sorption rate as a function of air-phase concentrations. The model has been validated using an analytical solution as well as data obtained from sorption experiments. The emission and sorption models that we developed have been further used to study indoor air quality (IAQ) in a small office with different ventilation systems. The results show that displacement ventilation may not provide better IAQ than mixing systems if the VOC sources are from the floor. Further, our study shows sink effects from internal walls of gypsum board. Thesis Supervisor: Qingyan Chen Title: Associate Professor of Building Technology


The paper is devoted to the study of a system of nonlinear integral equations. First, this system is reduced to a fixed point problem of a nonlinear integral operator and hence we can give suitable assumptions and using a fixed point theorem of Krasnosel'skii type in order to obtain the existence of solutions. Next, we prove the existence of asymptotically stable solutions for the above system. In order to illustrate the results, an example is also presented. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 45G10, 47H10, 47N20, 65J15.


Introduction: Damage control surgery is a concept of temporary measures that can be applied as part of staged celiotomy to solve a complex problem in the critically injured patients. Materials and Methods: Four patients have been managed. 3 males and 1 female, maximum 19 and minimum 12 years old. Three of them presented multiple penetrating abdominal injuries and one with crushing abdominal trauma. For its categorizing and prognostic index, has been used the Pediatric Trauma Score and APACHE II Scale. Results: In all cases the Pediatric Trauma Score was < 8 and the APACHE II Scale was = 33 points in one case, who died, and of 25-27 points in three cases, all of them alive. Considering that the mortality ranges with score over 27 points equals 89% and ranges with score under 27 equals 50%. , Conclusion: We conclude that trauma is more than just one anatomicphysiological injury, and the Damage Control Surgery in Pediatric Surgery is the best option in order not to worse hypothermia, coagulopathy and metabolic acidosis. Index Words: Damage Control Surgery; Critical Pediatric Trauma. "NO es porque las cosas sean dificiles que no nos atrevemos, ES porque NO nos atrevemos, que las cosas son dificiles".


OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for the relevant biomedical industry departments which intend to take measures.METHODS:Factor analysis was used to construct the comprehensive evaluation system for biomedical industry development of 28 areas.The development of biomedical industry in China was evaluated by 14 economic indicators from scale level,profitability,operation capacity and development capacity.RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:The level of biomedical industry development of each area is not balanced.Scale level is important to improve the level of biomedical industry development,and profitability,operation capacity and development capacity also contribute to comprehensive development.Recognizing the advantages and disadvantage and taking relevant measures are crucial for each area to develop biomedical industry in healthy way in the future.It is suggested to enlarge the scale of biomedical industry,promote the sustained and steady growth of biomedical industry,strengthen research and develop effective management.


The minimization of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli (AT) functional is often employed to study crack propagation in brittle materials. The crack is identified by a smooth phase-field, and the minimization of the functional by numerical methods is obtained by solving elliptic boundary value problems, via a finite element method. Typically, the crack thickness is very small compared to the domain size, so that the computational cost is very high, due to the need of thoroughly capturing features on the crack scale. An efficient approach to tackle this issue can be based on mesh adaptation, driven by an a posteriori error estimator, which allows one to sharply refine the grid only in a thin neighborhood of the crack (see, e.g., [5]). In [1, 2, 3], an anisotropic error estimator and a new minimization algorithm are proposed and applied to the classical AT approximation, in the case of both anti-plane and plane-strain isotropic linear elasticity. Several numerical tests assess the reliability of the whole adaptation procedure. Actually, the employment of an anisotropic grid allows one to further reduce the number of mesh elements in comparison with isotropic adaptation techniques. In this communication, we extend the approach presented in [1, 2, 3] to the generalized AT model considered in [5], where the AT functional is modified in order to deal with more general constitutive laws. Moreover, we address the extension proposed in [4] for including thermal inelastic effects, which model both genesis and propagation of cracks in brittle materials. Good accuracy as well as significant computational saving guaranteed by the resulting adaptive algorithm are confirmed by verification on standard benchmarks and on a (simplified) disc brake geometry.


To provide basic data for wild plant resources protection and cultivation of three Salvia species,the photosynthetic characteristics of adaptation and physiological response are reported in this paper.Plant chlorophyll concentrations were determined by colorimetry.Photosynthesis characteristics were evaluated using a LI-6400 portable photosynthetic system and data were fitted with different models to investigate the photosynthesis-light response curves using SPSS 18.0.Chlorophyll contents of the three Salvia species were significantly different.Photosynthesis-light response curves of all 3 plants fitted the new photosynthetic light-response model.The apparent quantum efficiency(AQY),Pnmax and LCP of S.miltiorrhiza were 0.040 3,13.32 μmol/(m2·s) and 24.37 μmol/(m2·s),respectively,and were the lowest of the three plants while those of S.paohsingensis were the highest.The light radiation net photosynthetic rate(Pn),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr) of the three species of Salvia showed different responses to the photosynthetically available radiation flux density(PAR).The new photosynthetic light-response model gave accurate values for the physiological parameters of S.miltiorrhiza,S.paohsingensis and S.brevilabra.Neither S.miltiorrhiza nor S.paohsingensis were typical positive plants,and the shadow resistance of S.brevilabra was good.Intercropping with tall crops such as corn was good for increasing the net photosynthesis rate of S.miltiorrhiza and for retarding transpiration.


Current Modeling Methods used in QSAR/QSPR (Liew Chin Yee and Yap Chun Wei) Developing Best Practices for Descriptor-Based Property Prediction: Appropriate Matching of Datasets, Descriptors, Methods, and Expectations (Michael Krein, Tao-wei Huang, Lisa Morkowchuk, Dimitris K. Agrafiotis, and Curt M. Breneman) Mold Molecular Descriptors for QSAR (Huixiao Hong, Svetoslav Slavov, Weigong Ge, Feng Qian, Zhenqiang Su, Hong Fang, Yiyu Cheng, Roger Perkins, Leming Shi and Weida Tong) Multivariate Analysis of Molecular Descriptors (Viviana Consonni and Roberto Todeschini) Partial Order Ranking and Linear Modeling: Their Use in Predictive QSAR/QSPR Studies (Andrew G. Mercader, Eduardo A. Castro) Graph-theoretical Descriptors for Branched Polymers (Koh-hei Nitta) Structural Similarity based Approaches for the Development of Clustering and QSPR/QSAR Models in Chemical Databases (Irene Luque Ruiz, Gonzalo Cerruela Garcia and Miguel Angel Gomez-Nieto) Statistical Methods for Predicting Compound Recovery Rates for Ligand-based Virtual Screening and Assessing the Probability of Activity (Martin Vogt and Jurgen Bajorath) Molecular Descriptors and the Electronic Structure (Horst Bogel) New types of Descriptors and Models in QSAR/QSPR (Christian Kramer and Timothy Clark) Consensus Models of Activity Landscapes (Jose L. Medina-Franco, Austin B. Yongye and Fabian Lopez-Vallejo) Reverse Engineering Chemical Reaction Networks from Time Series Data (Dominic P. Searson, Mark J. Willis and Allen Wright) Reduction of Dimensionality, Order and Classification in Spaces of Theoretical Descriptions of Molecules. An Approach based on Metrics, Pattern Recognition Techniques and Graph Theoretic Considerations (George Maroulis) The Analysis of Organic Reaction Pathways by Brownian Processing (Daniel J. Graham) Generation of Chemical Transformations - Reaction Pathways Prediction and Synthesis Design (Grazyna Nowak and Grzegorz Fic)


End use quality of wheat is an important goal for developing elite genotypes. Glutenins are considered key factors in improving processing quality, particularly high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). The HMW-GS are known to be encoded by three Glu-1 loci located on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D. The endosperm storage proteins of 90 advanced breeding lines developed for peninsular zone of India were analysed by SDS-PAGE to determine their HMW-GS compositions. A total of ten alleles were identified: three at Glu-A1 , five at Glu-B1 , and two at Glu-D1 . In Glu-A1 locus, null, 1 and 2* alleles were found with the frequency of 48%, 30% and 22%. Whereas, in Glu-B1 , 5 alleles with frequency of 17+18 (33%), 7+9 (27%), 7 (25%), 6+8 (9%), and 20 (6%) were detected. In Glu-D1 locus, 2+12 and 5+10 were marked with the frequency of 60% and 40%, respectively. Quality score of genotypes were ranged from 4 to 10, with an average of 6.95 indicating vast genetic diversity among the genotypes. The presence of subunits combinations in different varieties with low, medium and high gluten strength revealed that breeding wheat for bread, chapatti and biscuits is possible as per end use requirement.