In the language of algebraic geometry, the theory of Kummer's fields treats "general section points" of a multiplicative group T , whereas the theory of cyclotomic fields deals with "special section points" of T. It is well-known that the latter was a prototype of class field theory and of the theory of construction of class fields by special section points of abelian varieties with complex mul tiplication (Shimura-Taniyama [14]). Our purpose in the present paper is to give an algebro-geometric generalization of the former theory and to study some re lating problems. Among them we are particularly interested in rational points of abelian varieties defined over algebraic number fields. Let G, H be group varieties and ƒÉ; G• ̈H be a separable isogeny, all defined over a field k. Denote y GƒÉ the kernel of ƒÉ and by Gk (resp. Hk) the subgroup of G (resp. H) consisting of rational points over k. In the case where G and H are a multiplicative group T and ƒÉ is the n-th power endomorphism; x• ̈xn, we have Kummer duality between Tk/Tkn and the Galois group of k(T1/nk)/k under the condition Tn•1⁄4Tk. Weil [15] constructed an analogous theory concerning bisection of a Jacobian variety of a curve and applied it to prove his finiteness theorem on abelian varieties. Recently Lang and Tate found "Kummer se quence" for commutative group varieties as a generalization of Kummer duality by means of cohomological analysis (cf. [11]). In • ̃1 of the present paper we shall generalize this sequence for arbitrary G, H, and ƒÉ by making use of the fact that GƒÉ is contained in the center of G, and give some of its applications. In general Kummer sequence contains a term involved with principal homogene ous spaces, that is, a term of a certain subgroup of the Chatelet group (cf. [11]). In several cases where this term vanishes, we have exact analogies of Kummer duality. We know that, for an abelian variety A, defined over an algebraic number field of finite degree, the weak Mordell-Weil theorem, i.e. finiteness of Ak/mAk, is a direct consequence of the Kummer sequence attached to the isogeny mƒÂ: A• ̈A (Lang-Tate [11]). As will be shown in • ̃2, we can generalize this reasoning to an arbitrary isogeny ƒÉ: G• ̈H of group varieties, defined over a global field k which satisfies certain conditions. Thereby we take the "S-unit groups" of Gk and k instead of the whole Gk and Hk where S is a finite set of primes in k, and assert that the image of the S-unit group of Gk has a finite index in that of Hk. This result might be properly called the weak unit theorem on group varieties. (Note that an S-unit group itself is not always finitely generated.) In the rest of the paper, we shall exclusively deal with abelian varieties. In • ̃3 we shall construct explicitly the field of m-section of a rational point of an abelian variety y means of Kummer generators and generalize asse's "Klassenkorper -Zerlegungsgesetz" in [6] on m-section of an elliptic curve . For an abelian variety A, defined over an algebraic number field k of finite


The filling ratio for a liquid filled projectile is very important for the reliability design. The filling ratio is too small to make the best use of the volume of projectile, the ratio is too large so that the internal pressure for a liquid filled projectile is too large to be safe for liquid material leak or split projectile. Owing to the analysis of the internal pressure for a liquid filled Smoke projectile, the formula for calculating the pressure is derived. To analyse forming factors of the internal pressure, thermal expansion of solid and liquid compressibility are considered. They are two features which differed from former calculating the pressure. And then through the analysis of pressure curve, is derived the mathematical model of correctly electing void ratio(i.e. PLT equation from which filling ratio can be derived) in liquid\|filled projectile, the data calculated from the equation are coincident with the values of US,and introduced the concept of ″pre limiting temperature″. We believe known ″pre limiting temperature″ to be the problem which will seriously be considered by the designer of liquid\|filled projectile or any liquid\|filled container.


With detailed advice and helpful suggestions, Moving Your Family Overseas is the indispensable guide for relocating your family abroad. It discusses in detail the basic steps involved in an overseas move: deciding to go, preparing to leave, arriving and settling in, working through culture shock and adaptation, living in the expatriate community, making friends and returning home. Written and designed for families from anywhere in the world, particularly for those who are assigned by their employers to foreign posts, this book draws on the authors' many years of experience living abroad with their families. Their insights ease the challenges and highlight the benefits of what is often an overwhelming though rewarding transition. The advice given in Moving Your Family Overseas clearly reflects the depth of perception and simple wisdom that a good counselor brings to the advisory role. -The Bookwatch (Wisconsin)ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I: Deciding and Preparing to Move Overseas1 What This Move Means For Your Family2 Breaking the News3 Learning about Your New Country4 Preparing for the Move5 The Early DaysPart II: The Honeymoon is Over... or Just Beginning6 Culture Shock7 Expatriate Life8 How is Everyone Coping?Part III: Ongoing Challenges9 Social Relationships10 Parenting Overseas11 Making the Most of Home LeavePart IV: The End of Assignment12 Moving On... Moving HomeRecommended Reading


This study aims to determine the effect of learning methods on Indonesian learning outcomes, the influence of learning motivation on Indonesian learning outcomes and the interaction between learning methods and learning motivation towards learning outcomes in Indonesian. The research method used is the experimental research method, in which a sample of 48 students in class X of Panca Budi Medan High School was selected by cluster random sampling technique, which was previously given a learning motivation questionnaire to determine the learning motivation. Research instruments used to obtain data is a test. Before data collection, the validity and reliability test of the test are carried out. Statistics used in this study are descriptive statistics to test inferential data and statistics for the research hypothesis. The research hypothesis was tested by using two-way ANAVA, which first performed a normality test and homogeneity test for variance. The results of hypothesis testing showed that Indonesian language learning outcomes between groups taught with the module learning method were higher than the group of students taught by direct teacher learning; Indonesian learning outcomes differ between groups of high learning motivated students compared to low motivated learning groups and there is an interaction between learning methods used with student motivation. The results of this study are expected to be input for Indonesian language teachers to apply learning methods or models which are in accordance with student learning motivation or characteristics of students.


To the editor, We read with great interest the article by Burns et al. (2021) on a DDX23-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. The DDX23 gene has recently been associated with a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, with nine patients described in literature up till now, all carrying a de novo missense variant. These patients exhibited signs of global developmental delay, abnormal muscle tone, facial dysmorphism, seizures, and autism spectrum disorder. Other reported features were small stature, microcephaly, and systemic abnormalities (skeletal, renal, cardiac, and ocular). Findings on central imaging were variable, ranging from no abnormalities to decreased white matter, cortical volume loss, and corpus callosum abnormalities. Two patients were reported to have heterotopia. With this correspondence, we report a 10th patient with a likely pathogenic de novo missense variant in the DDX23 gene. This patient showed a significant phenotypic overlap with the previously reported patients. Additionally, a striking finding on central imaging was heterotopia, thereby confirming that gray matter heterotopia is part of the phenotypic spectrum of DDX23-related disorder. Since our patient is the third out of 10 reported DDX23 cases with heterotopia, we advocate that DDX23 should be added in the differential diagnosis of heterotopia and developmental delay. Our patient is a 7-year-old boy of Moroccan origin, born in Mallorca. He is the second child of healthy nonconsanguineous parents. He was born at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy and birth with normal neonatal growth parameters (birth weight 3840 g [0.74 standard deviations (SD)], length 49.5 cm [ 0.67 SD], head circumference 34.5 cm [ 0.28 SD]). Developmental delay was first noticed at the age of 10 months with inability to roll. Furthermore, he could only sit at the age of 15 months and took his first steps at 22 months old. His growth stagnated with 2.7 SD for height and 3.6 SD for weight at the age of 3 years. The patient had his first tonic–clonic seizure at 4 years. It is unclear if this seizure had a focal or generalized onset. An extensive diagnostic work-up was performed at the hospital in Mallorca. Metabolic investigations in both blood and urine, neurotransmitter analysis in cerebrospinal fluid and genetic analyses (FMR1 repeats, microarray, and exome sequencing [ES]) revealed no clear cause. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 years old showed reduction of the supratentorial white matter, a thin corpus callosum, gray matter heterotopia, hypoplasia of the vermis cerebelli, and asymmetry of the ventricular system (Figure 1a–c). Repeated central imaging at 4 years old revealed an enlarged extra-axial space retrocerebellum, a heterotopic nodule of 4.5 mm, a hypoplastic corpus callosum, asymmetric ventricles, slight hypoplasia of the right cerebellar hemisphere, and a decreased volume of the pituitary gland (Figure 1d–f). The patient moved to Belgium at the age of 5 years. At that point, he showed severe global developmental delay with absence of speech, severe delay in gross and fine motor functions, epilepsy, pronounced feeding difficulties, and aberrant behavior with physical aggression towards others. An ES panel for intellectual disability was repeated using an Illumina HiSeq4000 instrument after enrichment with the Agilent SureSelect Human All Exon V5 kit (Agilent Technologies) or the Twist Human Core Exome kit (Twist Bioscience). This panel contains over a thousand genes associated with intellectual disability. An in-house developed pipeline was used for data analysis following GATK Best Practice Guidelines, followed by variant annotation and filtering using VariantDB. This analysis did not reveal any (likely) pathogenic variants at that point in time. However, when the boy was 7 years old, the genetic data were reanalyzed using MOON software (Invitae), a commercial software package that combines the available genetic data with patient characteristics (age, gender, phenotype in Human Phenotype Ontology terms), identifying a de novo missense variant c.2177G > A p. (Arg726His) (NM_004818.2) in the DDX23 gene. This variant had been present in the rough data of the ES-based gene panel for intellectual disability. However, at the time of analysis, this panel did not contain DDX23, since this gene had not yet been reported as diseasecausing in literature. Therefore, the variant had not been annotated. At the time of reanalysis using the MOON software, the paper by Burns et al. (2021) linking de novo variants in the DDX23 gene with a neurodevelopmental disorder, had just been published. Consequently, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic since it was located in the C-terminal RecA-like domain like the other reported variants, was absent from control databases (ExAC, gnomAD) and predicted to have a pathogenic effect using in silico prediction programs. A clear phenotypic overlap with the nine reported patients was noted, including motor delay, intellectual disability, profound language delay, and autism spectrum disorder with pronounced behavioral issues manifesting in physical aggression. Of interest, on brain MRI a heterotopic nodule of 4.5 mm was noted. Gray matter heterotopia is a neuronal migration disorder characterized by an ectopic localization of cortical neurons (Donkol et al., 2012). There are several different types of heterotopia, with periventricular nodular heterotopia being the most common form. Over the past few years, multiple genes have been associated with Received: 7 June 2023 Revised: 21 June 2023 Accepted: 24 June 2023


We study the problem of algorithmically optimizing the Hamiltonian of a spherical or Ising mean field spin glass. The maximum asymptotic value OPT of this random function is characterized by a variational principle known as the Parisi formula, proved first by Talagrand and in more generality by Panchenko. Recently developed approximate message passing algorithms efficiently optimize these functions up to a value ALG given by an extended Parisi formula, which minimizes over a larger space of functional order parameters. These two objectives are equal for spin glasses exhibiting a no overlap gap property. However, ALG can be strictly smaller than OPT, and no efficient algorithm producing a value exceeding ALG is known. We prove that when all interactions have even degree, no algorithm satisfying an overlap concentration property can produce an objective larger than ALG with non-negligible probability. This property holds for all algorithms with suitably Lipschitz dependence on the random disorder coefficients of the objective. It encompasses natural formulations of gradient descent, approximate message passing, and Langevin dynamics run for bounded time and in particular includes the algorithms achieving ALG mentioned above. To prove this result, we substantially generalize the overlap gap property framework introduced by Gamarnik and Sudan to arbitrary ultrametric forbidden structures of solutions.


Abstract Snow and ice were monitored by thermistor-string-based Snow and Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) in Lake Orajärvi in northern Finland. An existing automatic SIMBA-algorithm was further developed to derive air/snow, snow/ice and ice/water interfaces based on the SIMBA environment temperature (ET) profiles. The identified interfaces agreed with in situ observations made in 2011/12 winter season. The method was capable to identify upward-moving snow/ice interface that was also visible from SIMBA heating temperature (HT) profiles, which responds to differences in the thermal diffusivities of air, snow, ice and water. The SIMBA data obtained in winters 2017/18 and 2018/19 were used to investigate snow and ice mass balance. An upward-moving snow/ice interface was detected as a result of meteoric ice (snow ice and superimposed ice) formation. Snow contributed to granular lake ice formation up to 40–55% of the total ice thickness on the seasonal mean. Heavy snowfalls and low air temperature in early winter are favourable for granular ice formation. The seasonal mean snow depth on nearby land was 2.7–2.9 times of that on the lake. The estimation of freeboard from snow and ice mass-balance measurement is sensitive to the snow density. Accurate ice freeboard calculation is still a challenge.


We present SCUBA-2 850 $\mathrm{ \mu}$m observations of 13 candidate starbursting protoclusters selected using Planck and Herschel data. The cumulative number counts of the 850 $\mathrm{ \mu}$m sources in 9 of 13 of these candidate protoclusters show significant overdensities compared to the field, with the probability <10−2 assuming the sources are randomly distributed in the sky. Using the 250, 350, 500, and 850 $\mathrm{ \mu}$m flux densities, we estimate the photometric redshifts of individual SCUBA-2 sources by fitting spectral energy distribution templates with an MCMC method. The photometric redshift distribution, peaking at 2 < z < 3, is consistent with that of known z > 2 protoclusters and the peak of the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD). We find that the 850 $\mathrm{ \mu}$m sources in our candidate protoclusters have infrared luminosities of $L_{\mathrm{IR}}\gtrsim 10^{12}\, \mathrm{L}_{\odot }$ and star formation rates of SFR  = (500–1500) M⊙ yr−1. By comparing with results in the literature considering only Herschel photometry, we conclude that our 13 candidate protoclusters can be categorized into four groups: six of them being high-redshift starbursting protoclusters, one being a lower redshift cluster or protocluster, three being protoclusters that contain lensed dusty star-forming galaxies or are rich in 850 $\mathrm{ \mu}$m sources, and three regions without significant Herschel or SCUBA-2 source overdensities. The total SFRs of the candidate protoclusters are found to be comparable or higher than those of known protoclusters, suggesting our sample contains some of the most extreme protocluster population. We infer that cross-matching Planck and Herschel data is a robust method for selecting candidate protoclusters with overdensities of 850 $\mathrm{ \mu}$m sources.


Background: The DASH diet has been shown to be efficient in reducing blood pressure. Its effect is independent of calorie and sodium restriction, possibly associated to a nutritional mediator. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been suggested as a mediator of endothelial inflammation, involved in the deregulation of arteriolar and blood pressure control. There are no clinical studies investigating the association between dietary patterns and the generation of AGES in hypertensive patients.


In order to overcome some disadvantages of PSO such as being easily trapped in the local optimum,easily being premature and having bad local search capability,this paper puts forward some relevant strategies on the basis of the current PSO.In order to avoid being trapped in the local optimum,a new global optimum location mutation PSO algorithm is proposed.It has priority over the other algorithms.


Purpose. In this study, the authors explore the role of museum visitors' perceptions and experiences of authenticity. They introduce several variants of authenticity experience and analyse how they are intertwined and feed visitor satisfaction.

Method. The authors apply a multi-step model fitting and validation procedure including inferred causation methods and finite mixture modelling to verify whether the visitors' perceptions of authenticity are subject to unobserved heterogeneity. They elaborate an Authenticity Model that demonstrates out-of-sample validity and generalisability by being exposed to new data for another cultural attraction in another city. Then, they address the heterogeneity hypothesis and evaluate it for the case study with the larger sample.

Findings. In both application cases, the Sisi museum in Vienna and the Guinness Storehouse in Dublin, the empirical results support the assumed cause-effect sequence, translating high quality information display—from traditional and multimedia sources—into Perceived Authenticity and its experiential consequences such as Depth and Satisfaction. Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity detects three latent classes with segment-specific strength of relationships within the structural model.

Research and conclusions limitations. The combined latent-class, structural-equation model needs validation with another sample that would have to be larger than the available Guinness database. Future studies will have to complement the purely data-driven search for heterogeneity with theory-guided reasoning about potential causes of diversity in the strength of the structural relationships.

Practical implications. Cultural heritage sites are among the attractions most typical of city tourism. History tends to materialise in the artefacts accumulated by the population among the urban agglomerations, and museums are the natural places for preserving exhibits of cultural value. Authenticity must be considered an important quality assessment criterion for many visitors, whereby, the distinction between object authenticity and existential authenticity is crucial.

Originality. In addition to making substantive contributions to authenticity theory, the authors also extend previous research in terms of methodological effort. Authenticity research, so far, has neither exploited inferred causation methods nor combined latent variable modelling with detecting unobserved heterogeneity.

Type of paper: Research article.


Retargetable Binary Tools for Embedded Software Wai Sum Mong Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2004 Equipping retargetability to the embedded software development tool suite is the enabler of architectural exploration in the context of system-on-chip design. While the study of retargetable compilers has been active for long, retargetting equally important binary tools, including linkers and micro-architecture simulators, has not received enough attention. In this thesis, we propose a unique methodology where the architecture-dependent components of production quality binary tools are automatically generated from abstract architectural models. Our architectural model includes not only the instruction set architecture (ISA) model, but also the application binary interface (ABI) model, a subject not previously reported. With this methodology, we are able to automatically port Free Software Foundation (GNU)'s Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library and GNU linker, the de facto standard for linking, as well as SimpleScalar, the de facto standard for micro-architecture simulation, all based on a common specification of an arbitrary RISC-like processor.


Summary. Characterization of the seismic source in terms of the moment tensor has become standard practice in normal mode and surface wave theory. In theoretical body wave seismology, however, this is less common. In order to bring the power of body wave observations to bear on many contemporary problems, a moment tensor representation for body wave sources is required. This paper contrasts the direct and propagator matrix methods of solving the elastic equations of motion in slowly varying, inhomogeneous media. Specific attention is given to formulating a moment tensor source description for body wave applications, including the generation of synthetic seismograms and source recovery techniques.


In early January 2002, the Catholic Archdiocese of Boston faced allegations of sexual abuse of minors by a few of its priests. What has followed is a national uproar concerning accused sexual predator priests in the many dioceses across the nation. More alarming, however, to members of the Catholic faith, as well as outsiders, are the responses and actions of the church's bishops and cardinals, and the Vatican, to remedy the scandal. The public relations response of the church to the sexual abuse malady is the focus of this project. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the discourse and actions of the church according to image restoration theory, as categorized by Benoit (1995a, 1995b). The project includes an analysis of the rhetoric of church bishops, cardinals and the Vatican, as these leaders have tried to restore the church's image. The implications of the three tiers of Catholic leadership discourse and actions will be discussed, as well as future possibilities of their actions in a public relations framework.


Background and Aim: The paramedian technique was popular in patients with abnormal anatomy. Taylor modified the paramedian technique (Taylor's approach) which is reliable and less traumatic alternative in deformed spine for establishing the subarachnoid block. The present study was aimed to compare midline lumbar approach vs Taylor's approach in patients with deformed spine. Materials and methods: Total of 50 patients was included in the study had deformed spine with physical status I to III. The study conducted randomized into two equal groups of anaesthetist (A&B). Group A performed Taylor's approach as method of the subarachnoid block while Group B performed lumbar technique. Level of decrease in blood pressure, patient rated pain and satisfaction and success of neuraxial blockade compared. Results: The success rate of neuraxial blockade was found to be 94%, patient satisfaction was 100 %, reduction in the incidence of hypotension in the Taylor's approach. Conclusion: Excellent operating conditions with less side effect is the benefit of subarachnoid anaesthesia, however in patient with severe arthritis, anatomical problems and with scoliosis there is challenging task to perform good subarachnoid block. Taylor's approach could provide a reliable and less traumatic alternative to midline approach for lumber puncture in deformed spine.


Assembly of proteins and peptides into amyloid fibrils is characteristic of the pathology of a number of degenerative diseases, of which perhaps the best known is Alzheimerapos;s. Neuronal death in Alzheimerapos;s disease has been linked to aggregation of β‐amyloid peptide and deposition of the aggregates in brain tissue. Recent studies suggest that soluble intermediate oligomers rather than fully formed fibrils may be responsible for β‐amyloidapos;s toxicity; consistent with this hypothesis, some compounds that inhibited β‐amyloid toxicity were found to accelerate aggregation of the peptide. The degree of increase of aggregation caused by these compounds was shown to correlate strongly with their effect on the surface tension of aqueous buffers (Gibson, T. J.; Murphy, R. M. Biochemistry 2005, 44, 8898–8907). In work reported here, we used group contribution methods to calculate infinite dilution activity coefficients of moieties contained in these compounds. We demonstrate that activity coefficients calculated in this manner are strongly predictive of effects of these peptides on solvent surface tension and on β‐amyloid aggregation. These results suggest that group contribution calculations can be used for a priori design of compounds that modulate aggregation of peptides through their effect on solvent properties.


Review(s) of: Rosemary Leonard and Jenny Onyx, Social Capital and Community Building: Spinning Straw into Gold, (2004). Janus Publishing Company, London, England.


1. Rabbits were treated with the antiparasitic drug ivermectin at subcutaneous doses of 0.2, 1 and 2.5 mg/kg and blood collected weekly for 4 weeks thereafter for measuring some blood parameters. At a dose of 0.2 or 1 mg/kg the drug had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured. At a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, the drug reduced significantly the erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular haemoglobin on weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4. Platelet counts were not significantly affected.


In our culture the word 'popular' has long had the connotation of 'commercial exploitation' rather than any signification of spontaneous folk-reverencing. It has only been after the stagnation of the post-Rock era that a long time vital contemporary 'popular culture' turned retrospective and became as obsessed with past icons as any formalist tradition. The 1960s and 1970s revival of the poet-composer as performer was the great creative plateau of so-called 'popular culture' in our time. Even academic anthologists of poetry now include Bob Dylan in their hierarchies. For writers, Norman Hampson's observation that 'Poetry is concerned with the ever-present, not theimmediate', still holds.


Dispersal and speciation in the marine environment have long been key topics in evolutionary biology and more recently in conservation biology. The genus Sebastes, with approximately 110 species, is found throughout most of the world's cold-temperate seas. Their breadth of phenotypic and species diversity, ecological dominance, and importance to world fisheries has made them a focus of intensive study by countless researchers. In this dissertation, DNA sequence and microsatellite data were used to investigate patterns of speciation, distribution, and mating habits. In Chapter I, DNA sequence data from seven mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, were used to evaluate possible geographic origin, patterns and timing of dispersal, speciation patterns and drivers, and inter- species relationships. The data support a middle Miocene origin for Sebastes spp. in deep habitats of the Northwest Pacific followed by dispersal into the Northeast Pacific and eventually into the southern hemisphere, driven by progressive cooling and strengthening of major ocean currents. Previous hypothesized relationships, shown to be mostly poly- or para- phyletic, were revised in light of the findings. Chapter I provided evidence for two new cryptic species. In Chapter II, sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, in combination with nine microsatellite loci, was used to evaluate the geographic and bathymetric range of the vermilion rockfish species complex, as well as test for reproductive isolation between the putative species. Genetic analyses supported the presence of two species, separated primarily by depth of adult occurrence. This finding, in association with distribution patterns of 12 recent species pairs, suggests a novel speciation mode based upon the loss/truncation of an ontogenetic migration phase. In Chapter III, DNA sequence data from Chapter II was used to evaluate patterns of population connectivity and gene flow within the vermilion rockfish. A range-wide analysis showed high levels of genetic heterogeneity, likely driven by limited larval dispersal and barriers to gene flow across major oceanographic features. Patterns of paternity and mating system were investigated in Chapter IV using microsatellite loci. Paternity analyses were performed on larvae from both captive and wild populations, representing most major lineages found in Chapter I. Ten of the 17 examined species, showed evidence for multiple sires within a single brood. The implications for genetic diversity produced by this polygynandrous mating system are discussed


Aimed at the rust of bearing rings in the grinding process,the common rust types,characteristics and causes are analyzed in detail.Combined with actual situation,the primary factors of rust are summarized,and the relevant improvement measures and solutions are proposed.


AIM: To investigate the effects of antisense humantelomerase RNA (hTR) on the biologic behavior of humangastric cancer cell line: MKN-45 by gene transfection and itspotential role in the gene therapy of gastric cancer.METHODS: The hTR cDNA fragment was cloned from MKN-45 through RT-PCR and subcloned into eukaryoticexpression vector (pEF6/V5-His-TOPO) in cis-direction ortrans-direction by DNA recombinant methods. Theconstructed sense, antisense and empty vectors weretransfected into MKN-45 cell lines separately by lipofectin-mediated DNA transfection technology. After drugselection, the expression of antisense hTR gene in stabletransfectants and normal MKN-45 cells was detected by RT-PCR, the telomerase activity by TRAP, the apoptoticfeatures by PI and Hoechst 33258 staining, the cell cycledistribution by flow cytometry and the population doublingtime by cell counting. Comparison among the stabletransfectants and normal MKN-45 cells was made.RESULTS: The sense, antisense hTR eukaryotic expressionvectors and empty vector were successfully constructed andproved to be the same as original design by restrictionendonuclease analysis and sequencing. Then, they weresuccessfully transfected into MKN-45 cell lines separatelywith lipofectin. The expression of antisense hTR gene wasonly detected in MKN-45 cells stably transfected withantisense hTR vector (named as MKN-45-ahTR) but not inthe control cells. In MKN-45-ahTR, the telomerase activitywas inhibited by 75 %, the apoptotic rate was increased to25.3 %, the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase wasincreased to 65 %, the proliferation index was decreased to35 % and the population doubling time was prolonged to 35.3hours. However, the telomerase activity, the apoptotic rate,the distribution of cell cycle, the proliferation index and thepopulation doubling time were not different among the controlcells.CONCLUSION: Antisense hTR can significantly inhibittelomerase activity and proliferation of MKN-45 cells andinduce cell apoptosis. Antisense gene therapy based onteiomerase


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent and specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells and promotes neovascularization in vivo. To determine whether interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is present in atherosclerotic lesions, induces VEGF gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, we performed RNA blot analysis on rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) with a rat VEGF cDNA probe. IL-1β increased VEGF mRNA levels in RASMC in a time- and dose-dependent manner. As little as 0.1 ng/ml IL-1β increased VEGF mRNA levels by 2-fold and 10 ng/ml IL-1β increased VEGF mRNA by 4-fold. We also measured the half-life of VEGF mRNA and performed nuclear run-on experiments before and after addition of IL-1β to see if IL-1β increased VEGF mRNA levels by stabilizing the mRNA or by increasing its rate of transcription. The normal, 2-h half-life of VEGF mRNA in RASMC was lengthened to 3.2 h (60%) by IL-1β, and IL-1β increased the rate of VEGF gene transcription by 2.1-fold. In immunoblot experiments with an antibody specific for VEGF, we found that IL-1β increased VEGF protein levels in RASMC by 3.3-fold. Together these data indicate that IL-1β induces VEGF gene expression in smooth muscle cells. This IL-1β-induced expression of VEGF may accelerate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions by promoting the development of new blood vessels.


The application of self-made zinc oxide masterbatch(ZnO-80)in the natural rubber/solution styrene-butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber tread compound was investigated.ZnO-80was prepared with ethylene-propylene-diene monomer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as the carrier.The experimental results showed that,by using ZnO-80to replace zinc oxide powder in the tread compound,the vulcanizates had increased crosslink density,good tensile property,aging property and abrasion resistance,and lower rolling resistance and heat build-up.


Decoupled mechanisms are easy to control and apt to reach high accuracy. With the development of mechanism, especially the emergence of parallel mechanism, many ones dont hold this merit. Especially, this merit is not an intrinsic property of parallel mechanisms. Its necessary to study their simple motions and name these motions decoupling motions. This kind of movement links very closely to motion control and pathway planning. By the use of screw theory, the definition, classification of decoupling motion, together with the necessary condition and several sufficient conditions for mechanism to realize this kind of motion are given. Finally a mechanism design example of a 2 DOF rotating mechanism is given as an example. It incarnates our research work on mechanism design and mechanism analysis.


Presence of certain substances in air adversely affects human health, environment and climate. These chemicals are mainly added due to human activities. Maintaining air quality requires regular monitoring, identification of source of pollution and adoption of preventive measure. Bengaluru a city in India has grown in size and population recently due to growth of IT industry. This rapid growth and related civic activity has affected its ecological services. The objective of this study is to identify air pollution trend in Bengaluru and investigate the factors contributing towards it. Data for analysis has been obtained from state pollution control board website and has been used without any modification. Three criteria pollutants measured regularly and for longest period of time, sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) have been investigated for air quality analysis.


|Even though true rollovers are – luckily – still relatively rare, the rollover sensing technology is capable of sensing all of the necessary information, such as the vehicle's incline and both lateral and vertical acceleration, in the event of an impending rollover. It is now available in its third generation. Integrated into SPEED, it transmits all information based on physical algorithms to the respective safety systems in fractions of a second. The fully developed system has proven its value in practical application and in terms of quality and efficiency for many years now, and thanks to its compact structure, it is easy and cost-effective to integrate.


Polymers have been considered as one of the most versatile materials in making optical devices for communication and sensor applications. They provide good optical transparency to form filters, lenses and many optical components with ease of fabrication. They are scalable and compatible in dimensions with requirements in optics and can be fabricated on inorganic substrates, such as silicon and quartz. Recent polymer synthesis also made great progresses on conductive and nonlinear polymers, opening opportunities for new applications. In this paper, we discussed hybrid-material integration of polymers on silicon-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. The motivation is to combine the advantages of demonstrated silicon-based MEMS actuators and excellent optical performance of polymers. We demonstrated the idea with a polymer-based out-of-plane Fabry-Perot filter that can be self-assembled by scratch drive actuators. We utilized a fabrication foundry service, MUMPS (Multi-User MEMS Process), to demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of integration. The polysilicon, used as the structural material for construction of 3-D framework and actuators, has high absorption in the visible and near infrared ranges. Therefore, previous efforts using a polysilicon layer as optical interfaces suffer from high losses. We applied the organic compound materials on the silicon-based framework within the optical signal propagation path to form the optical interfaces. In this paper, we have shown low losses in the optical signal processing and feasibility of building a thin-film Fabry-Perot filter. We discussed the optical filter designs, mechanical design, actuation mechanism, fabrication issues, optical measurements, and results.


Differential thermal analysis (D.T.A.) curves obtalned on heating and cooling praseodymium oxide powders at 10 deg C/ min in air are given, and shrinkage curves for praseodymium oxide compacts heated in hydrogen, argon, air, and oxygen respectively at one atmosphere are given. The x-ray diffraction patterns resulting from the various firing treatments are briefly described. The shrinkage and D.T.A. curves are in accord and also with the published oxygen- praseodymium equilibrium-phase diagram. (auth) ducted by the static method with a diaphragm zero gage.


Abstract Disclosure: F. Reichardt: None. C. Galuke: None. S. Anakk: None. Bile acids are transported via the portal vein to the liver after their absorption through the distal intestine mucosa. In hepatocytes, they activate the nuclear receptors, Farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) and Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP), which exert negative feedback on bile acids synthesis. The aim of this project is to decipher how hepatic FXR/SHP deletion impact BA composition, enterohepatic circulation, and its cross talk with the gut microbiota. Enterohepatic circulation was investigated by measuring total bile acids in intestinal, hepatic tissues and fecal tissues and in portal and systemic blood, using 3-5 months-old fed female and male wildtype (WT) and LDKO (liver specific FXR/SHP depletions) mice. We also examined if intestinal dysmotility mediated the alteration in bile acids absorption by following methylene blue dye progression in overnight fasted WT and LDKO mice. Portal and systemic total bile acids concentrations were higher in LDKO mice compared to WT, despite of no significant change in hepatic and intestinal levels. Sex differences were seen only in LDKO mice with higher systemic and portal concentrations in females compared to males. Intestinal transit time and fecal total bile acids were equivalent between all mice. Intriguingly, we observed that portal bile acids levels correlated to the liver weight to body weight ratio and to cecum weight to body weight ratio, suggesting that bile acids alterations within the enterohepatic loop could be associated to cecal dysbiosis. These preliminary findings highlight altered BA recirculation in LDKO mice compared to WT, but also between females and males LDKO. We hypothesize that these sex-specific modifications are associated with intestinal dysbiosis impacting bile acid compositions, and to test this we will be analyzing the influence of sex, and BA composition on the microbiome. Further investigations using fasted or HFD-fed LDKO and WT mice will help us to better understand the role of hepatic FXR and SHP in bile acids circulation between intestine and liver. Acknowledgement: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, American Cancer Society and Cancer Center at Illinois Seed grant Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


Paul Carter talks on the role of creative research in education and in society, drawing on Material thinking (2004) and his recently completed book, Dark writing.


This paper examines the manner in which scientific English constitutes learning problems for students being introduced to science. It develops a taxonomy of the difficulties and investigates means of overcoming the problems which texts in scientific English create.


A novel hysteresis PWM control strategy for synchronous buck converter is proposed. The proposed control strategy is based on ampere-second balance of the modulate capacitor, which not only offers faster transient response to meet the challenges of the power supply requirements of fast dynamic load changes, but also provides better stability and solves the compensation problem of error amplifier in the conversional voltage PWM control. Finally, the steady-state and dynamic operation of the control method is analyzed and verified by simulation and experimental results.


Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) represent two key technologies for ubiquitous computing that have attracted considerable
attention in recent years because their use revolutionizes diverse application areas. However, these two technologies have separate research and development areas. The integration of RFID and sensor networks can increase their utilities to other scientific and engineering fields by exploiting the advantages of both technologies. In this chapter we investigate why the integration of RFID systems and WSNs is important and we identify the key requirements to achieve efficient and effective integration. We present possible architectures for integrating RFID and wireless sensor networks and provide a detailed list of real-world application examples.


Periods of persistent, high‐trace velocity infrasound signals lasting several hours or more have been observed in the data from the CTBT/IMS I53 infrasound station in Fairbanks, AK. Early studies showed that the infrasound activity was associated with times of geomagnetic disturbance. The imaging riometer at the Poker Flat Research Range near Fairbanks collects cosmic noise absorption (CNA) data from an array of 16 × 16 beams that cover a region that is approximately 200 × 200 km2 in the overhead ionosphere. Also available from the PFRR site are magnetometer data and all‐sky camera videos showing auroral events when the sky is dark. The CNA event data give direct evidence of the precipitation of high energy electrons into the D‐region of the lower ionosphere that produce both auroral displays captured in all‐sky images and disturbances in the ground magnetometers. The simultaneous occurrence at I53US of high trace‐velocity infrasonic waves, geomagnetic perturbations, and cosmic radio noise absorption prov...


The internship of cadets is discussed in this paper. Firstly, the purpose of the internship is listed. Secondly, the good practices adopted by the army are summed up. Thirdly, some problems existing in the internship are pointed out. Fourthly, some suggestions for the problems existing in the internship of cadets are put forward. Lastly, my own experiences are presented. Discussions on military academy cadets' internship in the army will have a guidance on the training of cadets in the future.


The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, carrying the first Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was successfully launched on October 28, 2011 with first light on November 21, 2011. The passive cryo-radiator cooler doors were opened on January 18, 2012 allowing the cold focal planes (S/MWIR and LWIR) to cool to the nominal operating temperature of 80K. After an early on-orbit functional checkout period, an intensive Cal/Val (ICV) phase has been underway. During the ICV, the VIIRS SDR performance for thermal emissive bands (TEB) has been under evaluation using on-orbit comparisons between VIIRS and the CrIS instrument on S-NPP, as well as VIIRS and the IASI instrument on MetOp-A. CrIS has spectral coverage of VIIRS bands M13, M15, M16, and I5 while IASI covers all VIIRS TEB. These comparisons largely verify that VIIRS TEB SDR are performing within or nearly within pre-launch requirements across the full dynamic range of these VIIRS bands, with the possible exception of warm scenes (<280 K) in band M12 as suggested by VIIRS-IASI comparisons. The comparisons with CrIS also indicate that the VIIRS Half Angle Mirror (HAM) reflectance versus scan (RVS) is well-characterized by virtue that the VIIRS-CrIS differences show little or no dependence on scan angle. The VIIRS-IASI and VIIRS-CrIS findings closely agree for bands M13, M15, and M16 for warm scenes but small offsets exist at cold scenes for M15, M16, and particularly M13. IASI comparisons also show that spectral out-of-band influence on the VIIRS SDR is <0.05 K for all bands across the full dynamic range with the exception of very cold scenes in Band M13 where the OOB influence reaches 0.10 K. TEB performance, outside of small adjustments to the SDR algorithm and supporting look-up tables, has been very stable through 18 months on-orbit. Preliminary analysis from an S-NPP underflight using a NASA ER-2 aircraft with the SHIS instrument (NIST-traceable source) confirms TEB SDR accuracy as compliant for a typical warm earth scene (285-290 K).


Depressive symptoms in school-aged children vary with maternal depression levels (NEJM JW Psychiatry May 3 2006). However, little has been known about whether depressive symptoms in pregnant women alter their children's brain development and behaviors. These researchers analyzed data from 81 pregnant women with no psychiatric history and their children.

The mothers reported previous-week depressive symptoms at gestational weeks 19, 25, and …


This paper introduces the principle of elbow flow rate meters,analyses the energy saving application and heat supply zone enlarging with the help of elbow flow rate meter adopting,and discusses the key points in the choice and arrangement of the elbow flow rate meter.


Man has ... become a kind of prosthetic God. --Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents I would rather be a cyborg than a goddess. --Donna J. Haraway, "A Cyborg Manifesto" THE paradigmatic tale of God's punishment of humans for overreaching with technology is the story of the Tower of Babel in Genesis. In this story, human beings, who communicate in one common language, decide to build "a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth." God's response is not encouraging: "Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do." As punishment for their pride, God decides to "confound the language of all the earth" and scatter the people across the earth (Gen. 11: 4-9). The sense of a divinely determined boundary or limit to human science and technological development runs through much of our writing and thinking about these issues. Especially in what we have come to call science fiction, a clear pattern was established early in the history of the genre in which humans who took on the roles and powers traditionally ascribed to God in Jewish and Christian theology inevitably failed and were horribly punished. One of the earliest and clearest examples of such cautionary fictions is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, in which the tale of an overreaching scientist attempting to create human life is couched in highly religious language, especially in the later 1831 edition. Shelley turned to religious paradigms in order to express her anxiety concerning the possibilities held out by the new scientific discoveries of her day. Shelley's antihero, Dr. Frankenstein, attempts to take upon himself the godlike power of creating a new species, yearning to "break through" the "ideal bounds" of life and death in order to become the "creator and source" of a "new species," (1) but he finds himself unequal to the task and is punished for his pride and inadequacy. Shelley continually draws parallels between the scientist Frankenstein and the great rebels against divinity, Prometheus and Satan. The traditional religious paradigm is embodied in the newly created "monster," who addresses his creator in the antique language of thee and thou reserved, by Shelley's time, for religious discourse: "`Remember, that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam; but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed.'" (2) As a result of his prideful and ill-considered attempt to usurp the place of God within creation, the scientist Frankenstein becomes the slave of his own creation, losing everything he loves. Another example of a cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific ambition is H. G. Wells's The Island of Dr. Moreau (1896), which again portrays the scientist in the role of a dysfunctional god. (3) Like Frankenstein, Wells's Moreau attempts to create new species and in doing so quite consciously takes on a godlike role. We can see this role reflected in Wells's parodies of religious law and ritual in the novel, especially in the pathetic and degraded recitations of "the Law," which Moreau has inculcated in the Beast People he has created in order to keep them from reverting to their animal pasts: Not to go on all Fours; that is the Law. Are we not Men? Not to suck up Drink; that is the Law. Are we not Men? Not to eat Flesh nor Fish; that is the Law. Are we not Men? Not to claw Bark of Trees; that is the Law. Are we not Men? Not to chase other Men; that is the Law. Are we not Men? His is the House of Pain. His is the Hand that makes. His is the Hand that wounds. His is the Hand that heals. (4) Moreau, like Frankenstein, sets himself up in the role of a god over a creation he cannot control, and like Frankenstein, he is destroyed by this creation. …


The paper gives estimates of historic emissions of SOx and NOx for each state of the coterminous U.S. The emissions were estimates by individual source category on the state level from 1900 to 1980 for every fifth year and for 1978. The source categories included power plants, industrial boilers, industrial processes, commercial and residential heaters, natural gas pipelines, highway vehicles, off-highway diesel engines, and all other anthropogenic sources. These emissions were calculated from statistics indicative of fuel consumption or industrial output, estimations of average statewide fuel properties, and estimations of emission factors specific to each source category over time. The emission estimates were then aggregated to show the emission trends on a state, regional, and national scale. The trends are presented by source category and by major fuel type. The emission estimates allow temporal and regional trend comparisons between the emissions and chemical and biological effects trends derived in other studies.


The starburst dwarf galaxy He 2-10 has been partially mapped in the H 2 (1-0) S1 line, and in the 12 CO 3 → 2, 2 → 1 and 1 → 0 transitions. The 13 CO lines for these transitions have also been measured at the center position. The observations show that the H 2 line is most likely shock excited, while the CO measurements indicate the presence of both cold (T ex 50 K) molecular gas. The hot molecular gas must be optically thin in all three 12 CO transitions, and have a [ 12 CO]/[ 13 CO] isotopic abundance ratio of about 30. The cold J = 1-0 emission is either optically thin with a similar isotopic abundance ratio, or optically thick with an anomalously high [ 12 CO]/[ 13 CO] ratio > 100. Estimates for the total molecular gas mass and the dust mass are derived and compared with those of NGC 1569 and IIZw40


We give a brief account of and make a comment on the research mode and development approach of teacher's subject mater knowledge and its application in recent fifty years in America. In-service teacher training puts an emphasis on the learning of special teaching topic to promote their pedagogy content knowledge; prospective teacher training focus on the learning of teaching theories and methodology to accumulate an overall conception and approach to analyze and understand pedagogy content knowledge. All these can be good references for China's subject matter knowledge education of mathematics teachers.


In modern business today, organizations that hold large numbers of inventory items, do not find it economical to make policies for the management of individual inventory items. Managers, thus, need to classify these items according to their importance and fit each item to a certain asset class. The method of grouping and inventory control available in traditional ABC has several disadvantages. These shortcomings have led to the development of an optimization model in the present study to improve the grouping and inventory control decisions in ABC. Moreover, it simultaneously optimizes the existing business relationships among revenue, investment in inventory and customer satisfaction (through service levels) as well as a company's budget for inventory costs. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to classify inventory items, taking into account significant profit and cost reduction indices. The model has an objective function to maximize the net profit of items in stock. Limitations such as budget even inventory shortages are taken into account too. The mathematical model is solved by the Benders decomposition and the Lagrange relaxation algorithms. Then, the results of the two solutions are compared. The TOPSIS technique and statistical tests are used to evaluate and compare the proposed solutions with one another and to choose the best one. Subsequently, several sensitivity analyses are performed on the model, which helps inventory control managers determine the effect of inventory management costs on optimal decision making and item grouping. Finally, according to the results of evaluating the efficiency of the proposed model and the solution method, a real-world case study is conducted on the ceramic tile industry. Based on the proposed approach, several managerial perspectives are gained on optimal inventory grouping and item control strategies.


The formation characteristics of the iron-manganese oxides were studied by leaching the quartz sand columns periodically with different concentrations of mixed iron and manganese ions for forty times.The results were as follows:① With the increasing leaching times,the concentrations of iron and manganese ions and pH value of leaching liquids generally exhibited decreasing first and increasing afterwards.② Iron and manganese oxides produced under different treatment conditions showed extremely significant difference in content.The higher the concentrations of iron and manganese ions in the treatments were,the higher the content of iron and manganese oxides coated on the sands was.The condition that the molar concentration ratio of iron and manganese ions of leaching liquid was 2:1 seemed to be the most favorable condition for the formation of iron and manganese oxides.With the increase of leaching times,the increase of iron-manganese oxides content slowed down.The content of iron and manganese oxides in different layers of sand columns showed significant difference.The content of oxides in the sub-layer(20~30 cm) was obviously higher than that in the other layers.③ The correlations between different forms(amorphous form and crystal form) of iron oxides and manganese oxides in various stages(ten leaching times comprising one stage) showed difference,and the ratio of iron and manganese oxides,especially in amorphous form,rose with the increase of leaching times.


Through-silicon vias (TSVs) are thought to be the essential process of the next-generation packaging technologies such as three-dimensional integrated circuit, system in package and wafer-level packaging. This Letter investigated the formation quality of deep TSVs using green nanosecond laser drilling process. Moreover, a wet chemical etching (WCE) process was employed to improve the sidewall quality of deep TSVs fabricated using green ns laser pulses. Experimental results show that the TSV sidewall roughness can be markedly reduced, from micrometre to nanometre scale. The proposed method would enable semiconductor manufactures to use ns laser drilling for industrial TSV fabrication as the desired TSV sidewall quality can be achieved by incorporating the WCE process, which is suitable for mass production.


In this paper, right handed circular polarization (RHCP), left handed circular polarization (LHCP) and linear polarization (LP) reconfigurable antenna is proposed by reconfigured fabrication. The proposed antenna comprising of two square patches, a T-stripline, and a finite ground plane is designed for HiperLAN2 5 GHz operation. The patches are symmetrically placed along the vertical portion of T-strip and coupling fed by the strip. The planar structure is in LP sense while CP sense is achieved as the structure bent. For the bent structure, the vertical and horizontal portions of T-strip not only respectively feed the coplanar patch but also provide a 90◦ phase difference between the feeds. Two orthogonal E-fields with quadrature are excited to achieve CP sense. Moreover, the switching between RHCP and LHCP is easily achieved by folding the structure along opposite vertical edge of T-strip. Instead of electrically controlling switches, the polarization reconfiguration can be manually constructed. Corresponding author: S.-Y. Lin (email@example.com). 164 Lin, Lin, and Lee


This article details a scheme for evaluating the stability of motions of a system consisting of a rigid body connected at one point to a rotating arm. The nonlinear equations of motion for the system are formulated, and a method for finding exact solutions representing motions that resemble a state of rest is presented. The equa tions are then linearized and roots of the eigensystem are classified and used to construct stability diagrams that facilitate the assessment of effects of varying the body's mass properties and system geometry, changing the position of the attachment joint, and adding energy dissipation in the joint. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


One shot learning of simple visual concepts Brenden M. Lake, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Jason Gross, and Joshua B. Tenenbaum Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Abstract People can learn visual concepts from just one example, but it remains a mystery how this is accomplished. Many authors have proposed that transferred knowledge from more familiar concepts is a route to one shot learning, but what is the form of this abstract knowledge? One hypothesis is that the shar- ing of parts is core to one shot learning, and we evaluate this idea in the domain of handwritten characters, using a massive new dataset. These simple visual concepts have a rich inter- nal part structure, yet they are particularly tractable for com- putational models. We introduce a generative model of how characters are composed from strokes, where knowledge from previous characters helps to infer the latent strokes in novel characters. The stroke model outperforms a competing state- of-the-art character model on a challenging one shot learning task, and it provides a good fit to human perceptual data. Keywords: category learning; transfer learning; Bayesian modeling; neural networks Figure 1: Test yourself on one shot learning. From the example boxed in red, can you find the others in the array? On the left is a Segway and on the right is the first character of the Bengali alphabet. Answer for the Bengali character: Row 2, Column 3; Row 4, Column 2. A hallmark of human cognition is learning from just a few examples. For instance, a person only needs to see one Seg- way to acquire the concept and be able to discriminate future Segways from other vehicles like scooters and unicycles (Fig. 1 left). Similarly, children can acquire a new word from one encounter (Carey & Bartlett, 1978). How is one shot learning possible? New concepts are almost never learned in a vacuum. Past experience with other concepts in a domain can support the rapid learning of novel concepts, by showing the learner what matters for generalization. Many authors have suggested this as a route to one shot learning: transfer of abstract knowledge from old to new concepts, often called transfer learning, rep- resentation learning, or learning to learn. But what is the nature of the learned abstract knowledge that lets humans ac- quire new object concepts so quickly? The most straightforward proposals invoke attentional learning (Smith, Jones, Landau, Gershkoff-Stowe, & Samuel- son, 2002) or overhypotheses (Kemp, Perfors, & Tenenbaum, 2007; Dewar & Xu, in press), like the shape bias in word learning. Prior experience with concepts that are clearly orga- nized along one dimension (e.g., shape, as opposed to color or material) draws a learner's attention to that same dimension (Smith et al., 2002) – or increases the prior probability of new concepts concentrating on that same dimension (Kemp et al., 2007). But this approach is limited since it requires that the relevant dimensions of similarity be defined in advance. For many real-world concepts, the relevant dimensions of similarity may be constructed in the course of learning to learn. For instance, when we first see a Segway, we may parse it into a structure of familiar parts arranged in a novel configuration: it has two wheels, connected by a platform, supporting a motor and a central post at the top of which are two handlebars. These parts and their relations comprise a Figure 2: Examples from a new 1600 character database. useful representational basis for many different vehicle and artifact concepts – a representation that is likely learned in the course of learning the concepts that they support. Several papers from the recent machine learning and computer vision literature argue for such an approach: joint learning of many concepts and a high-level part vocabulary that underlies those concepts (e.g., Torralba, Murphy, & Freeman, 2007; Fei-Fei, Fergus, & Perona, 2006). Another recently popular machine learning approach is based on deep learning (Salakhutdinov & Hinton, 2009): unsupervised learning of hierarchies of dis- tributed feature representations in neural-network-style prob- abilistic generative models. These models do not specify ex- plicit parts and structural relations, but they can still construct meaningful representations of what makes two objects deeply similar that go substantially beyond low-level image features. These approaches from machine learning may be com- pelling ways to understand how humans learn so quickly, but there is little experimental evidence that directly supports them. Models that construct parts or features from sensory data (pixels) while learning object concepts have been tested in elegant behavioral experiments with very simple stimuli and a very small number of concepts (Austerweil & Griffiths, 2009; Schyns, Goldstone, & Thibaut, 1998). But there have been few systematic comparisons of multiple state-of-the-art computational approaches to representation learning with hu-


Should education and neuroscience be connected? We review eight arguments against and eight arguments for connecting the two disciplines. We conclude that ultimately, whether education and neuroscience have anything to offer one another is an empirical question -- one that is worth engaging.


This paper gives an overview of the risk assessment study carried out as part of the Inter–Agency Project on Assessment and Management of risks from industries in the Trans–Thane Creek area near Bombay. The scope of the study includes identification of hazardous chemicals in the industrial area, reviewing the possible sources of release of the chemicals, evaluating probable reasons for such releases, determining the vulnerable zones, and evaluating risk reduction measures. The study involving hazard identification and consequence analysis was carried out by a working group of which the author was the convener.


Summary Our findings lend further support to existing, informal evidence that the characteristics of successful films have changed over the past forty years. Moreover, they also suggest that it may well be possible to develop empirical models relating a film's attributes to the likelihood of consumer demand. Unfortunately, such analysis cannot be undertaken without access to more detailed information on the performance and features of individual movies. Given the interesting characteristics of movies as ideal examples of differentiated products and of the institutional arrangements governing their production and distribution, such increased data availability would make this an exceptionally attractive area for applied micro‐economic research.


(Manuscript received 30 September 2002; in final form 10 September 2003)ABSTRACTThe meteorological model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, run with different resolutions,has been used to explore, with a number of numerical experiments, the underestimate of wind speeds and wave heightsfound in enclosed basins. Comparisons have been made between the results from the different runs, and also againstsatellite and buoy data.It is found that the error depends on fetch, i.e. on the distance from the closest land from which the wind is blowing.Large errors are found at short fetches (order of 100 km), gradually decreasing with the distance from the coast. Theerror is larger and more persistent for waves. Increasing the resolution leads to an improvement of the results. However,the bias does not disappear at the highest resolution we have used (about 25 km).Experiments with the single-point version of the meteorological model do not suggest that a slow development of themarine boundary layer is the main reason for the underestimate of the wind speeds. With respect to the mean orography,the use of envelope orography leads to a substantial increase of the marine wind speeds in the area affected by land.


With the development of the power industry in China, in order to promote the further efficient and comprehensive development of the power industry in China, it is necessary to achieve precise mechanical automation in power engineering to meet the needs of the power industry in the new era, so that the level of automation of power machinery and equipment demand is higher and higher. Especially in the narrow, special field, mountain construction surface drilling operations of manpower and time cost of the project are heavier, to develop advanced first-class related drilling equipment is necessary, so as to improve the power industry punch into miniature pile operation automation level and efficiency, realize the equipment localization, To meet the requirements of high efficiency in the construction of power engineering, reduce the safety risk of construction personnel, greatly reduce the cost of the project, prevent soil erosion and protect the environment. The control system designed in this paper is to complete the power industry special multi-functional drilling equipment, to achieve the construction of drilling equipment used to drill into miniature piles, mainly through the open CAN bus control, and produced by Jiangxi Dongrui Machinery Co., Ltd., to achieve the control of high real-time and intelligence.


Introduction: G-LOC is still a threat for aircrew of high performance aircrafts. It is evoked by a high level of +Gz acceleration causing a deficit of brain oxygenation. Although near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to identify brain oxygenation decreases preceding G-LOC, it is not used regularly in aero-medicine research in Poland. Here, we report the physiological correlates of Almost Loss of Consciousness (A-LOC) that occurred during a research project. Method: During Dynamic Flight Simulation training on a human centrifuge one pilot experienced momentaneous confusion which was recorded on a camera. We post-hoc reviewed his vital signs, stroke volumes (SV), cardiac output (CO) obtained with bioimpedance rheography, and brain oxygenation (OX) measures with near-infrared spectroscopy on the forehead. Finally, we reviewed the recording of his eye movements obtained with video-oculography. Results: SV and CO measures were confounded by artefacts induced by anti-G straining manoeuvres (AGSM). However, OX measures demonstrated decreased brain oxygenation that lasted several seconds after the incident. Following the incident, the pilot's pulse remained decreased for several seconds. Discussion: NIRS methodology seems to be resistant to artefacts created by muscles during AGSM. NIRS systems with a probing rate of 0.1 second might help detect upcoming A-LOC or G-LOC.


Perioperative management of hip fractures is challenging because of multiple co-morbidities and poor physiological reserve in elderly patients. Pain is a major symptom and effective pain management utilising fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and femoral nerve (FN) block is popular among anaesthesiologists.[1] Recently, the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block was described targeting the articular branches of FN, accessory obturator nerve (ON) and possibly ON in providing analgesia for hip fractures.[2] In our prospective cohort study, we wanted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of PENG block in hip fracture patients for providing optimal sitting position for spinal anaesthesia (SA).


Abstract

 Echinochloa crus-pavonis is a clump forming grass native to the Americas that is now found in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Europe. It is likely its spread was facilitated by rice cultivation around the world, as it is a frequent contaminant of rice grains. It listed as invasive and a weed of agriculture. E. crus-pavonis is widely documented as a significant weed of rice fields. It is an 'occasional weed of cultivation' in Australia. It is considered invasive in Cuba, Paraguay, Cameroon, the Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Italy and California, USA.


Abstract Xiong (2012) presents a pragmatic as well as a semantic account of the CHI + NON-FOOD NP expression in Chinese, an apparently unconventional yet highly productive construction formed by a most frequently used verb CHI 'eat.' In this paper we take issue with various points of Xiong s analysis, demonstrating that contrary to a number of his claims, (1) the non-canonical construction is not unique to Chinese, but quite common to Southeast Asian languages such as Vietnamese and Thai; (2) it is indeed the case that the more frequently a verb is used, the more likely its meanings are varied; (3) the verb CHI 'eat' is not originally from (kou-) chi 'stammer or stutter' in Old Chinese, i.e., the former does not evolve from the latter, for they are merely homonymous; (4) it does not make much sense to stress the difference in meaning between CHI + SHITANG 'eat dining hall' and CHI SHITANG DE FAN 'eat food in the dining hall,' as the two constructions do share the basic meaning of 'have meals in the dining hall,' as evidenced by the corpus data; (5) the formation of CHI SHITANG should be motivated by the principle of economy and the rule of analogy, rather than otherwise.


A novel scheme,stochastically intermittent feedback control scheme,is presented to realize chaos synchronization of time-delay systems.Different from the linear feedback scheme or adaptive feedback scheme,the feedback strength of the present scheme doesn't need to be constant or self-adaptive,and the method has great flexibility for just requiring its feedback strength varying randomly in a certain time at every period.Numerical simulations on synchronization,anti-synchronization and network synchronization of chaotic Ikeda system with two time delays are proposed to show the validity of this scheme.


Aerobic bacterial growth on Korean pan?fried meat patties as a primary quality deterioration factor was modeled as a function of temperature to estimate microbial spoilage on a real?time basis under dynamic storage conditions. Bacteria counts in the stretch?wrapped foods held at constant temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and 15℃ were measured throughout storage. The bootstrapping method was applied to generate many resampled data sets of mean microbial counts, which were then used to estimate the parameters of the microbial growth model of Baranyi & Roberts in the form of differential equations. The temperature functions of the primary model parameters were set up with confidence limits. Incorporating the temperature dependent parameters into the differential equations of bacterial growth could produce predictions closely representing the experimental data under constant and fluctuating temperature conditions.


The essay discusses three plays by Gore Vidal, written for Broadway theatres, which are connected by the common theme of politics and the public, but are otherwise different in emphasis and style. The differences and similarities provide a starting point for an analysis of Vidal's satiric mode. It is further argued that the "public," both in the sense of "electorate" and in the sense of "audience," had an influence on Vidal's creative process beyond the merely thematic. Although it imposed restrictions that curtailed his authorial freedom in various ways, in effect it challenged him to find artistic solutions that are unique in his œuvre.


The requirement to buy energy- and water-efficient products applies to federal purchases made through any procurement pathway (e.g., purchase cards, e-retailers, and solicitations) and to a wide variety of federal projects. The Federal Energy Management Program's (FEMP's) Buy Energy-Efficient Products buyer overview fact sheet and Contracting for Efficiency best practices guide for product procurement are designed to support federal buyers in the purchase of energy- and water-efficient products.


An adsorber dynamics model of a simulated moving-bed separator (SMBS) has been tested against experimentally determined concentration waveforms for the separation of propylene and dimethyl ether in a SMBS (Fish et al. AIChE J. 1993, 39, 1783). The axially dispersed, linear adsorption, linear driving force model was solved numerically by an efficient finite-difference method with adaptive gridding. The numerical simulations predict average raffinate (dimethyl ether) and extract (propylene) concentrations that are within 5% of those of the experiment, and the experimental concentration waveforms of propylene are reasonably well reproduced. However, the model gives a poor representation of the dimethyl ether waveforms and fails to accurately predict impurity levels in raffinate and extract streams. These failures may be attributed to the inadequacy of a uniform adsorption site model to describe the adsorption of dimethyl ether on Chromosorb 101 and are a reminder of the potential inadequacy of simple isotherms. Simulations were used to optimize the flow rates required to achieve the most effective separation. A study of flow rate optimization for a smaller separation factor of 1.2 shows that satisfactory separations can still be obtained. It is also shown that modifying the SMBS to a 2-1-2-1 column configuration leads to an increase of the product purity.


Preface. Introduction. The elementary theory of super-radiance. The observation of super-radiance. Quantum electrodynamical approach. Quantum fluctuations and self-organization in super-radiance. The semiclassical theory. The influence of dipole-dipole inter-atomic coupling upon super-radiance. Super-radiance of multi-spin systems. Effects of diffraction upon super-radiance. Reflection and transmission on the boundary of a resonant medium. Resonant boundary value problem with local field effects. New sources and applications of super-radiance. Super-radiance references and further reading. Other references. Index.


Fruit from cv. 'Fuerte' avocado (Persea americana Mill) trees were harvested at different stages of maturity judged by flesh dry matter (DM). Treatments included strip-picking trees when fruit reached 21 (the minimum legal standard for avocados in Australia), 24 and 30% DM as well as two other treatments where 50% of the fruit was picked when they reached 21 and 24% DM, respectively, with the balance harvested from these trees at 30% DM. The treatments were applied to the same trees for 3 consecutive years. The seasonal flux of trunk starch concentration was monitored in each of the treatments and the data for the first year of the experiment are presented. Strip-picking of the trees at 21% and 24% DM, and where 50% of the crop was harvested at 21% DM with the balance at 30% DM, produced about 3.6 t/ha more fruit annually (averaged over the three years) than from those trees harvested when fruit was more mature. The later harvesting of fruit, viz. the crop picked at 30% DM, resulted in pronounced biennial cropping over the 3 years studied. Mean fruit size was significantly greater from those trees where 50% of the fruit were previously harvested at 24% DM with the balance at 30% DM as well as where fruit were harvested after reaching 30% DM compared to fruit from trees which were strip-picked at 21 and 24% DM (about 345 vs. 304 g). Trunk starch concentrations ranged between 4.5 to 6.3% during the time of active tree and fruit growth. In all treatments, except where the crop was left on the tree until 30% DM, the trunk starch concentration rose to about 7.7% in late winter prior to flowering. The treatment harvested late had a trunk starch concentration of 5.3%. During flowering and fruit set the flux of trunk starch concentrations was negatively correlated to the respective flowering and fruit retention performance of the treatments. Biennial bearing in fruit tree crops is a persistent problem which by no means has been resolved. While many of the fundamental physiological principles extend over all fruit tree crops, the evergreen trees have a vastly different phenology compared to deciduous trees which creates specific problems in relation to flowering and fruiting. For instance, it is not uncommon for evergreen trees to be carrying fruit while flowering,


The article presents two different views of the ecstasies of a nun (Sister Germana) who lived in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the nineteenth century. The first perspective was the opinion of Dr. Antonio Goncalves Gomide, together with an examination by two surgeons; the second was a narrative by the naturalist Auguste de Saint-Hilaire. The goal is to historically situate the texts, investigate the theoretical orientations of the authors and note how they analyzed the woman's moments of ecstasy. The publication of these texts contributed to the study of medical and mental knowledge in the early 19th century in Brazil.


Coal mining in Shanxi is characterized by the most severe gob and subsidence in China, so its ecological restoration is strongly typical, exemplary and stimulating for the whole country. At present, most of domestic researches focus on land reclamation rather than the ecological restoration of subsidence area for coal mining. In terms of subsidence area, ecological restoration is no longer to simply restore the subsidence area to the available settlement land, but to establish a natural complex ecosystem which is totally or partially different from the function of original land and can be harmoniously integrated with the surrounding economy, society and economics, thus generating high economic, social and environmental benefits. This paper analyzes the specific causes of environmental problems in mining collapse regions, and learns effective and advanced experience to propose techniques and methods for ecological restoration as well as the countermeasures and suggestions.


How to optimally allocate redundant routers for high availability (HA) networks is a crucial task. In this paper, a 5‐tuple availability function A (N, M, λ, µ, δ) is proposed to determine the minimum required number of standby routers to meet the desired availability (ρ) of an HA router, where N and M are the numbers of active routers and standby routers, respectively, and λ, µ, and δ are a single router's failure rate, repair rate, and failure detection and recovery rate, respectively. We have derived the availability function, and analytical results show that the failure detection and recovery rate (δ) is a key parameter for reducing the minimum required number of standby routers of an HA router. Thus, we also propose a High Availability Management (HAM) middleware, which was designed based on an open architecture specification, called OpenAIS, to achieve the goal of reducing takeover delay (1/δ) by stateful backup. We have implemented an HA Open Shortest Path First (HA‐OSPF) router, which consists of two active routers and one standby router, to illustrate the proposed HA router. Experimental results show that the takeover delays of the proposed HA‐OSPF router were reduced by 6, 37.3, and 98.6% compared with those of the industry standard approaches, the Cisco‐ASR 1000 series router, the Juniper MX series router, and the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) router, respectively. In addition, in contract to the industry routers, the proposed HA router, which was designed based on an open architecture specification, is more cost‐effective, and its redundancy model can be more flexibly adjusted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Who Controls Computlng? The child who owns the ball controls the game. This subjugates the other children playing the game. They must be nice to the ball owner and careful not to upset him/her so that everyone can continue to play. The ball owner does not necessary play by a consistent set of rules; letting friends have extra time with the ball. But how does the nature of the game change if everyone owns their own ball?


Nowadays Machine Learning (ML) used in all sorts of fields like Healthcare, Retail, Travel, Finance, Social Media, etc., ML system is used to learn from input data to construct a suitable model by continuously estimating, optimizing and tuning parameters of the model. To attain the stated, python programming language is one of the most flexible languages and it does contain special libraries for ML applications namely SciPy, NumPy, etc., which great for linear algebra and getting to know kernel methods of machine learning. The python programming language is great to use when working with ML algorithms and has easy syntax relatively. When taking the deep-dive into ML, choosing a framework can be daunting. The most common concern is to understand which of these frameworks has the most momentum in ML system modelling and development. The major objective of this paper is to provide extensive knowledge on various python libraries and different ML frames works to meet multiple application requirements. This paper also reviewed various ML algorithms and application domains.


The paper deals with the use of gene markers in beef cattle by first explaining breeding objectives and estimation of breeding values (EBVs). It then explains more generally the genetic control of economically important traits in the beef industry. The search for genes affecting these traits is based on either the candidate gene approach (i.e. a gene is chosen based on knowledge of the physiology of a trait, then look for variable forms of the gene being associated with differences in the trait. The TG5 gene affecting marbling is an example of this). The other approach is gene mapping, where genes for quantitative traits (i.e. QTL) are detected by linkage to genetic markers. In this case the identity of the gene (i.e. the QTL) is not known and its association with the trait may not hold in populations other than the one where it was described. The paper then describes the use of the two types of marker and considers the best way to exploit the technology to select animals with the highest EBVs for profit in the beef business.


In Mexico, national firms or Mexican Engineering are focused on civil works design, operating nowadays under a changing environment due to the incursion of their foreigner competitors in the last years. This situation has been identified in order to maintain the competitiveness of the national firms which must be well distinguished in the success factors and on the other hand, manage adaptability. The relation between both factors should help to identify the conditions and actions to promote them in the firms looking to maintain their position in the market. In this paper is described the theoretical frame, the methodology, variables as a function of the success factors and the adaptability, as well as the bases for the questionaries to be applied, the data collection, analysis, results and conclusions.


Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the depression levels, suicide thoughts and suicide attempts of sexually abused children and adolescents. Methods: Medical records of 218 sexually abused children and adolescents aged 8–17 years who were referred to the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry for arranging judicial reports and/ or were admitted by their families for treatment were retrospectively investigated. In all cases, age, gender, education, intelligence level, type and frequency of abuse, affinity of the abuser with the victim, psychiatric diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) classification, depression levels, and suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts of the cases were evaluated. Depression levels of the cases were determined by Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Results: Of the cases, 79.4% (n=173) were female and 20.6% (n=45) were male. The mean age was 13.63±2.43 years. The psychiatric diagnosis rate was 81.2 %. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (40.4%) and depression (21.1%) were the two most common psychiatric diagnoses established after sexual abuse. In 99 of the cases (45.4%) CDI scale values were a score of 19 points and above, which is accepted to be significant for depression. Of the cases, 49.5% (n=108) chose the item of "I do not think about killing myself", 44.1% (n=96) chose the item of "I think about killing myself but I would not do", 6.4% (n=14) chose the item of "I think about killing myself" in the question, in which suicidal thought is assessed, during the evaluation of the cases. The suicide attempt after abuse was found to be in 15 (6.9%) cases. Female gender, a CDI score of 19 points and above, depression and PTSD, vaginal-anal penetration were found to be significantly increased in cases of suicide attempts compared with those without suicide attempts (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt were increased in child sexual abuse. In this children, it is thougt that the risks of suicide must be handled, interventions must be planned on this basis, great significance must be given to the long-term treatment and rehabilitation of the cases. It is believed that descriptive data and lifelong psychiatric symptoms of sexually abused children will help to authorities working in this area in planning prevention.


AbstractIt is shown that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) readily reacts with Dreywood's anthrone reagent at AO C. Gelatins do not give a positive result at this temperature and the normal reaction at 100 C. is therefore ascribed to the presence of a sugar which has first to be decomposed by HMF. The rate of colour formation given by gelatins is similar to that of glucose or dextran (a polyglucose). The sugar in gelatin is believed to be glucose (or possibly mannose or galactose) combined in the form of a polysaccharide.


The effect of the castration of male guinea pigs on the variations in serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was investigated. 3-month-old animals were castrated and sacrificed 24 hours-97 days later. Sera were assayed for levels of LH and FSH by radioimmunoassay. LH levels were variable during the first 3 weeks after castration and stabilized between 3-50 ng/ml at about 30 days. Serum LH in animals killed 92 days after castration were nearly 5 times greater than those in intact animals of the same age (p less than .02). FSH levels rose rapidly until 10 days then fell before increasing again slowly to levels 11.8 times greater than intact animals (p less than .001). These results suggest independent regulation of each hormone and perhaps 2 different releasing factors.


Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs act inhibiting cyclooxygenase, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. There exist two isoforms of this enzyme, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. The first one is constitutive and responsible for physiological functions of the prostaglandins. The second one is fundamentally expressed in response to inflammatory stimuli and it is responsible for the production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Inhibiting selective drugs in the cyclooxygenase-2, rofecoxib and celecoxib, would be able to maintain the therapeutic efficacy of classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs without presenting their toxicity, being a new and attractive alternative specially in the handling of chronic diseases (like arthrosis). Despite the prior advantages that this new group of drugs presents, it is recommended precaution in their prescription, at least, until more detailed and long-term results would be available


At a recent Congressional hearing on Head Start, the expert testimony was markedly different than that of the past. As usual, the testifying party included a developmental psychologist lauding Head Start as a cost-effective investment, early childhood educators warning of the developmental consequences of ignoring the very young at-risk population, and an accomplished young Head Start graduate with his mother, both Head Start success stories. New to the proceedings, however, were several business chief executive officers discussing labor shortages and the lack of young people who are literate and sufficiently skilled for entry-level jobs. Their remedy, unexpectedly, was not to redouble their own training efforts but to urge the federal government to expand Head Start so that their future job applicants could have a sound educational foundation.


Climate model resolution can affect both the climate change signal and present‐day representation of extreme precipitation. The need to parametrize convective processes raises questions about how well the response to warming of convective precipitation extremes is captured in such models. In particular, coastal precipitation extremes can be sensitive to sea surface temperature (SST) increase. Taking a recent coastal precipitation extreme as a showcase example, we explore the added value of convection‐permitting models by comparing the response of the extreme precipitation to a wide range of SST forcings in an ensemble of regional climate model simulations using parametrized and explicit convection. Compared at the same spatial scale, we find that the increased local intensities of vertical motion and precipitation in the convection‐permitting simulations play a crucial role in shaping a strongly nonlinear extreme precipitation response to SST increase, which is not evident when convection is parametrized. In the convection‐permitting simulations, SST increase causes precipitation intensity to increase only until a threshold is reached, beyond which further SST increase does not enhance the precipitation. This flattened response results from an improved representation of convective downdrafts and near‐surface cooling, which damp the further intensification of precipitation by stabilizing the lower troposphere locally and also create cold pools that cause subsequent convection to be triggered at sea, rather than by the coastal orography. These features are not well represented in the parametrized convection simulations, resulting in precipitation intensity having a much more linear response to increasing SSTs.


The western new liberalism economic ideas began in 1920s and 1930s.But they were once silent and were at the edge.They were prevailing in American and European countries in 1980s and spread to the developing and transforming countries in the form of Washington common view.This brings about the serious consequence to these countries.The basic principles of these ideas that the economic freedom competition of the market is recognized,intervening market and social life of the government is opposed,the privatization is claimed,the equalization of the opportunity and the damage of free development of various monopoly to the human's development are emphasized are in nature defending the capitalism and serve for the development of national monopoly capitalism and international monopoly capitalism and are actually one of the forms of economic hegemonism and new colonialism.The western new liberalism ideas are not the good resolution of the developing countries.They are not the guiding ideology of reform and open policy in China.The guiding ideology of reform and open policy in China are Marxism.


The present study is focused on the taxonomic screening of ten wild culinary vegetables that is Amaranthus viridus L, Bauhenia verigata L, Chenopodium album L, Malva parvifloraL, Medicago falcate L, Medicago polymorpha L, Melilotus indicus L, Portulaca oleracea L, Portulaca quardifida L and Solanum nigrum L. The objective of the present study is to use the foliar epidermal features for taxonomic identification of these culinary vegetables. The study based on light microscopic (LM) characterization of foliar epidermis. Shape of epidermal cells, presence and type of stomata and trichomes and stomatal index plays a key role in the identification of these species. Although detailed characterization of these species at molecular and genetic level is still needed.

 Key words: Ethnobotany, foliar epidermis, culinary vegetables.


By emulsion polymerization at 55°C., samples of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer were prepared, whose content of divinylbenzene varied from 0 to 0.150%. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity and of the slope constants β and k′ were made, at 25.0°C. in butanone and in benzene, of these samples and of fractions obtained from them by fractional precipitation. In both solvents the intrinsic viscosity of unfractionated polymer was at a maximum at a divinylbenzene content of about 0.005% and k′ was at a maximum at about 0.10%. Since the gel point was also in the neighborhood of 0.10%, it is concluded that a maximum in k′ is a better indication of the gel point than a maximum in [η]. As with linear polymers, [η] was smaller and k′ larger in the poorer solvent. For the higher fractions of a given lightly cross-linked sample, k′ increased with increasing intrinsic viscosity, deviating progressively more from the value (0.40 in butanone) characteristic of the low fractions and of linear polystyrene. This progressive deviation appeared to begin at an intrisic viscosity which for different samples decreased with increasing proportion of divinylbenzene. These effects are accounted for qualitatively in termas of Baker's "microgel" concept and the effects of the two solvents on the dissolved molecules and dispersed microgel particles.


J5~6r~w (proper Lltame8: ~n ~x~fanafion. I FULLY admit Professor Hommel's appeal to his forthcoming book. But I must ask leave to send him back to the Expositor for February, a copy of which he has received. He will there find the expression of a willingness to accept such information from Professor Hommel as may enable critics (archaeological critics) to modify and improve their theories. The statement at the foot of page 283, col. 2, slipped inadvertently from Professor Hommel's pen. He forgot the Expositor and my own often repeated declaration of adhesion to that open-minded teacher, Kuenen. I am sure that he will see the justice of this protest. He will also permit me to remind him that when he deals with the name Ahilud he will


This paper presents a technical solution for reducing methane gas concentration (degasification) caused by a high methane-emitted coal seam at Mao Khe coal mine - Vinacomin. The technique is implemented by drilling a long borehole from the footwall of the roadway into the coal seam and punching small holes along the borehole for gas release. A field study at the longwall level -150/-80 m at Seam 9 of Mao Khe coal mine shows that after the degasification, the gas concentration here is lowered to safety standards. The technique can be used for all coal seams ranked as Class II, Class III, and super-class regarding methane gas, minimizing the risk of methane combustion and explosion.