Theborealbiomeischaracterisedbyextensivewildfiresthatfrequentlyburnintothethickorganicsoilsfound in many forests and wetlands. Previous studies investigating surface fuel consumption generally have not accounted for variation in the properties of organic soils or how this affects the severity of fuel consumption. We experimentally altered soil moisture profiles of peat monoliths collected from several vegetation types common in boreal bogs and used laboratory burn tests to examine the effects of depth-dependent variation in bulk density and moisture on depth of fuel consumption. Depth of burning ranged from 1 to 17cm, comparable with observations following natural wildfires. Individually, fuel bulk density and moisture were unreliable predictors of depth of burning. However, they demonstrated a cumulative influence on the thermodynamics of downward combustion propagation. By modifying Van Wagner's surface fuel consumption model to account for stratigraphic changes in fuel conditions, we were able to accurately predict the maximum depth of fuel consumption for most of the laboratory burn tests. This modified model for predicting the depth of surface fuel consumption in boreal ecosystems may provide a useful framework for informing wildland fire management activities and guiding future development of operational fire behaviour and carbon emission models. Additionalkeywords: bog, boreal,carbon,fire,ground-layerfuels,peat,peatland, smouldering,Sphagnum,surfacefuel combustion.


Diversity of spiders from Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandoli National Park and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary in Western Ghats is studied for the first time. A total of 247 species belonging to 119 genera and 28 families are recorded from the study area during 2010-2012 with a dominance of Araneid, Salticid and Lycosid spiders.


Introduction: Honey is thought to preserve the cells by preventing autolysis and putrefaction. Thus, studies have shown that honey has a good preventive putrefactive property mainly because honey contains seven tetracycline derivatives, fatty acids, lipids, amylases and ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, honey is used as an agent for preventing autolysis and putrefaction. Aim: This research aims to investigate the efficacy of some concentrations of the honey solution in fixation of some tissues (Such as kidney, liver, heart, lungs and muscle). Methodology: A Wistar rat was sacrificed by vertical abdominal incision and the above-mentioned organs ware fixed in 10% formalin (positive control), 10% honey and 20% honey this grouped the research specimen into 3 groups. Histological examinations of these organs were carried out. Results: Almost all the histological sections fixed in honey solution revealed normal nuclear as well as a cytoplasmic outline as compared with formalin-fixed organs, except for muscle which shown some level of swollen and fragmenting tissue.


Doodles were introduced in [R. Fenn and P. Taylor, Introducing doodles, Topology of low-dimensional manifolds, pp. 37--43, Lecture Notes in Math., 722, Springer, Berlin, 1979] but were restricted to embedded circles in the 2-sphere. Khovanov, [M. Khovanov, Doodle groups, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 349 (1997), 2297--2315], extended the idea to immersed circles in the 2-sphere. In this paper we further extend the range of doodles to any closed orientable surfaces.


A novel nano-composite,biurea(LDA) intercalated montmorillonte, was prepared by the novel intercalation-decomposition process of azodicarbonamide (AC) at the presence of mixed dispersant DMSO/H_2O.The nano-composite were characterized by means of XRD,solid state NMR,thermal analyses and IR,etc.The interlayer distance of the montmorillonite composite was increased from 1.25?nm to 1.95?nm by the intercalation of AC and subsequent decomposition to LDA.The content of LDA in the composite was ca.16.4%.The interaction between LDA and the host layered material was conformed by IR spectra.The effects of various preparation conditions including temperature,pH and water content in mixed dispersant were investigated.The favorite conditions were 60?℃,pH=9 and 10% water in mixed dispersant.


Purpose: To quantify the sensitivity of Dose Length Product to Effective Dose conversion factors (k‐factors) to scan length and position. Methods: To convert the recorded Dose Length Product (DLP) to an estimate of Effective Dose (E), a set of conversion factors, known as k‐factors, are used. These published k‐factors were developed for a limited set of standard protocols with fixed scan lengths, and most are based on stylized models of the human body. Using realistic models of male and female (RPI‐AM and RPI‐AF) and a validated model of the CT source, Monte Carlo simulations are preformed to calculate the dose to each organ on a slice‐by‐slice basis. For each slice, the organ doses are converted into 'local' k‐factors. Over a full scan length, the effective doses from the individual slices and the DLPs are summed, so the k‐factor for the scan is equivalent to the average of the local k‐factors in the scan range. Results: Simulations of 1‐cm thick CT slices were performed over the entire range of the torso for the RPI‐AM and RPI‐AF phantoms. The local k‐factors calculated range from a minimum of 0.0128 in the upper shoulder region (above most of the radio‐sensitive organs of the chest), to a maximum of 0.0369 in the region around the female gonads. The calculated k‐factor for a standard chest scan was 0.0289, which compares favorably to published values. However, the k‐factor decreases as the scan range is expanded. Consequently, a chest scan that is only 10 cm longer would have a k‐factor 18% lower when compared to the standard protocol. Conclusion: By improving the understanding of the sensitivity of k‐factors to scan length and position, more accurate estimates of effective dose from CT examination can be provided without sacrificing the efficiency and simplicity that k‐factors provide. This project was funded by National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering R42EB010404).


ABSTRACT The technique of embedding colour information in a greyscale image such that the original colour image can be reconstructed from this modified greyscale image has previously been proposed using the YCbCr colour space with the improvement using Kekre"s LUV colour space. The embedding of the colour information into the greyscale image leads to the formation of a slightly distorted greyscale image known as a "matted greyscale" image. This matted greyscale image is used to reconstruct the colour image. Such a technique can be used effectively for image compression as the matted greyscale image alone can be used to reconstruct the original colour image. Also the technique enables transmission of colour documents over black and white fax machine. This paper extends this technique to other colour spaces like Kekre"s YCgCb, YIQ and YUV, and employs the Haar transform. For the performance analysis of the technique is applied on 20 different into the images. The mean squared error (MSE) difference between original grey and matted gray along with MSE difference in original colour and recoloured image play role of statistical performance measures. From the results the conclusions drawn are Kekre"s LUV colour space gives best recolouring and Kekre"s YCgCb colour space gives minimum distortion in matted grey image.


Based on the principle of making rational use of the library funds,as well as the speciality in the university,evaluation requirements and feedbacks,this article analyses the various factors affecting the subscription to books and puts forward the principle,decision-making and mode of selecting books,which provides a workable method for the interview,procedure of selecting books,selecting and purchasing books,and quality control in the library.


The paper is about perceptions of Brazilian society concerning the cash transfer program Bolsa Familia of Brazilian government obtained in a national survey. It indicated that population recognizes the program and understands that it is being used in an appropriated way, even though considering problems in its execution. Important differences occurred in the opinion of those who knew beneficiaries comparing with those who didn't. The first group manifested positive opinion and criticized less then the second. The paper concludes that the program acquired legitimacy in the Brazilian society, considering the knowledge of this policy and supporting its existence. It argues for the importance of searching and considering the public opinion as a fundamental element of public policy assessing.


A retrospective investigation to explore the predictors of late cervical lymph node metastasis (LCLM) in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) was conducted. The subjects were 62 patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ TSCC who underwent primary tumor resection as the initial treatment. The relationship of LCLM with the candidate factors of age (< 60 vs. ≥ 60 years), gender (female vs. male), 2017 UICC T classification (T1 vs. T2), pathological differentiation (high vs. medium / low), YK classification (1/2/3/4C vs. 4D), perineural invasion, vascular invasion, pathological depth of invasion (pDOI < 3.5mm vs. ≥ 3.5mm) and tumor budding (TB < 4 vs. ≥ 4). LCLM occurred in 15 cases (24.2%), and the time of onset was within 2 years after primary surgery in all cases. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the 2017 UICC T classification, YK, pDOI, and TB. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated pDOI and TB as the independent predictors. LCLM was observed in 64.3% of patients with pDOI ≥ 3.5mm and TB ≥ 4. In conclusion, it is strongly suggested that patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ TSCC (pDOI ≥ 3.5mm and TB ≥ 4) must be strictly followed for up to 2 years after primary tumor resection.


This article argues that the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. American Library Association reflects a more realistic view of the Internet and its role in society than does the Court's previous decisions, and that the Court's opinion in ALA may pave the way for a First Amendment model that incorporates the rights of listeners or viewers to edit or filter the information they receive. For much of the public, living in a media-abundant world, the real challenge to communicative freedoms is not one of being free to speak as one likes, but of being free to avoid or reject what he or she finds offensive and degrading. This is particularly true with respect to violent and pornographic entertainment programming aimed at children.


Nucleophilic carbene-catalysed oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alcohols and phenols without additional oxidant under an air atmosphere has been achieved, which provides a metal-free new methodology for the oxidative esterification of aldehydes.


A (micro) gas turbine arrangement comprises a gas turbine device (12) having a combustion chamber system (28), one through an exhaust gas stream (32) of the combustor system driven turbine (30) and a compressor (22) for supplying the combustion system with a compressed oxidant stream (24) and a recuperator (18) for transmitting at least a portion of the thermal power of the exhaust stream (32) of the turbine (30) to the compressed oxidant stream (24). In addition, at least one bypass (34, 36) for diverting at least a portion of the oxidant stream (24) or the exhaust gas stream (32) by at least a heat exchanger (52) of the recuperator (18) and at least one control element (44, 46) for adjusting the flow provided by the at least one bypass (44, 46) in order to adjust the amount of heat given to the gas turbine assembly at the design point and to be able to improve such gas turbine arrangement as the efficiency of a cogeneration system.


The invention relates to a method for preparing platinum/carbon nanotube hybrid materials, which comprises the following steps: firstly, purifying a carbon nanotube; secondly, using polymers to non-covalently modify the purified carbon nanotube, and making the obtained product fully react with a platinum precursor; and finally, using a reducing agent to reduce in situ platinum precursor ions which are loaded on the surface of the carbon nanotube non-covalently modified by the polymers to platinum nanoparticles, and obtaining the platinum/carbon nanotube hybrid materials. The hybrid materials prepared by the method have small particle diameter, the average particle diameter is 3.70 nanometers, and particles are uniformly distributed; the loading amount of platinum can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the mass relationship of the platinum precursor and the carbon nanotube which is non-covalently modified by the polymers; and the platinum/carbon nanotube hybrid materials with a higher load of more than 60 percent can even be obtained. The method can prepare the hybrid materials with high electrocatalytic capacity so as to promote the application of the hybrid materials in the field of electrochemical sensor and fuel cell.


System Advisor Model (SAM) software was used to analyze a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system on the rooftop of the Student Union Building (SUB) at Texas Tech University. The SUB has an average daily load requirement of 7917 kWh/day, and the average load per year is 2.89 GWh. A simulation of a PV system under various load circumstances was conducted. A 327 Wp monocrystalline silicon module was utilized to reach a total power of 141.6 kW, using a rooftop area of 2168 m2. The system can provide about 12 % of the required energy for the SUB, resulting in energy cost savings.


Krzic, M., Lamagna, S. F., Newman, R. F., Bradfield, G. and Wallace, B. M. 2014. Long-term grazing effects on rough fescue grassland soils in southern British Columbia. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 337–345. Rough fescue (Festuca campestris Rydb.) is a highly palatable forage species with little resistance to continuous grazing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term cattle grazing on soil properties, above-ground biomass, and canopy cover of key grass species on rough fescue grasslands in the southern interior British Columbia. Soil and vegetation properties were determined on a total of six open grassland sites located at the Lac du Bois and Hamilton Mountain. At all sites, grazing use has decreased over time, with the heaviest grazing occurring prior to 1960. The long-term (25–75 yr) elimination of grazing on these semi-arid grasslands has led to greater above-ground biomass and canopy cover of rough fescue, as well as increased soil polysaccharides; however, no differences in tot...


Michels' 'iron law of oligarchy' suggests that oligarchic party rule is inevitable, yet many parties have shown a strong commitment to intra-party democracy. However, Turkey's akp is a typified case of Michels' law, displaying an explicit commitment to intra-party democracy, only to later abandon it. I ask what factors have facilitated this transformation. Why does the iron law of oligarchy display itself in some parties but not in others? I argue that intra-party democracy owes its existence to three indicators – inclusiveness, decentralisation and institutionalisation. Conversely, it should be observed that a party shifting from democratic to oligarchic or personalistic intra-party rule will display decreasing levels of these three indicators in terms of policy formation and candidate selection. By tracing akp's internal party operations since its founding in 2001, I demonstrate a gradual deterioration in these indicators, reflecting a gradual deterioration of democracy within the party to oligarchy and then to personalism.


The invention relates to a motor vehicle clutch device (16) with a coupling disc (24), a pressure plate (26), a clutch mechanism (22) which is adapted to the pressure plate (26) selectively with respect to the coupling disc (24) to move axially and a support disk (38) carrying at least one damping pendulum (40) and to an output hub (20) of the coupling disc (24) is coupled, wherein the or the damping pendulum (40) (axially between the coupling disc (24) and the clutch mechanism 22) is / are arranged.


try that sooner,' he said, embarrassed that I could be 'fixed' so easily, and yet that it had taken almost 5 months to figure it out. But it was clear to me, and I said this to him, that the reason the right treatment was not apparent to him earlier was not a sign of poor doctoring. It was an inevitable product of the values which are contained in medical education and clinical assessment. These values subordinate the symptom to the disease, and encourage doctors to seek answers in objective laboratory findings. In the case study below, I report the story of this cough and the pathway my GP, the respiratory consultant and I took to arrive at my cure. The pathway was convoluted, and took far too long, but this was not because of poor medical practice. Importantly, I, as the patient, have written this study to show how 'good' medical practice can result in delayed and inefficient clinical outcomes. I have chosen to write this case study in the impersonal third person, mainly to follow the conventions of academic prose. After reflection, I was concerned that turning it into a first person narrative might lead the readers to see this case study as a specific and unique patient/doctor interaction, possibly influenced by the patient/author's obvious deep understanding of medical models and of medicine. I see this case rather as a heuristic for illustrating important concepts about the task of clinical interpretation and the over-reliance on the disease model for understanding symptoms. It is an example of how easy it is to treat diseases and not patients.


OBJECTIVE To esfablish a method for determination of the dissolution of Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride tablets.METHODS 0.1mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid was used as dissolution medium at a rotate speed of at 75r·min-1,A UV method was used.The detection wavelength was at about 267 nm.RESULTS The linear range of Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride was 10~946μg·mL-1,A=8.02×10-2C+3.4×10-2(r=0.9999).CONCLUSION It is necessary to set up the method of dissolution of Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride Tablets.The method is rapid,convenient,accurate and reliable.It can be used as a reliable method of quality control for Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride Tablets.


Use as biofuel of a product comprising: carrying an obtainable biofuel component by (a) performing a transesterification reaction between the triglycerides of an oil or fat of animal or vegetable origin, and glycerol formal, in the presence of an acid or a base ; (B) separating the lower phase from the upper phase which is the biofuel; and (c) optionally washing with water the biofuel obtained in step b), and dry or alternatively, submitting the triglycerides of an oil or fat of animal or vegetable origin to a hydrolysis process to generate the fatty acids and glycerol, followed by an esterification process of the fatty acids obtained with glycerol formal in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst; characterized in that said biofuel component has a global content of the components (I) and (II) equal or higher than 85% w / w, ** (See formula) ** where R is an alkyl chain of a fatty acid derived from triglycerides of an oil or fat of animal or vegetable origin.


Abstract: This paper presents the investigation of metals production form artificial ore, whichconsists of printed circuit board (PCB) waste, processed in plasmatron plasma reactor. A testsetup was designed and built that enabled research of plasma processing of PCB waste of morethan 700 kg/day scale. The designed plasma process is presented and discussed. The process intests consumed 2 kWh/kg of processed waste. Investigation of the process products is presentedwith their elemental analyses of metals and slag. The average recovery of metals in presentedexperiments is 76%. Metals recovered include: Ag, Au, Pd, Cu, Sn, Pb, and others. The chosenprocess parameters are presented: energy consumption, throughput, process temperatures, and airconsumption. Presented technology allows processing of variable and hard-to-process printed circuitboard waste that can reach up to 100% of the input mass. Keywords: metals recovery; artificial ore; waste treatment; printed circuit boards; plasma technology;plasmatron; recycling


People have scientific questions and folk theories; yet most lack the expertise to investigate them. How might people transform their questions into experiments that inform both science and their lives? This paper demonstrates how online volunteers can collaboratively design and run experiments using a novel social computing system. The Galileo system provides procedural support using three techniques: 1) experimental design workflow that provides just-in-time training; 2) review workflow with scaffolded questions; and 3) automated routines for data collection. We present two empirical investigations: a study and a field deployment with online volunteers across 16 and 8 countries respectively. People generated structurally-sound experiments on personally meaningful topics; three communities ran a week-long experiment each. We identify two key challenges for citizen-led experimentation—supporting different expertise levels and providing recruitment guidance—and provide specific suggestions from the social computing literature. Our results highlight the promise and challenges of citizen-led knowledge work like experimentation.


This paper introduces the new development of technique and equipment of LPC as well as its advantages and applications, and points out that technology will become the prevailing one in the field of carburizing for its eminent advantages.


This paper proposes an efficient algorithm which relies on quadratic programming for approximately solving the Bellman equation in reinforcement learning problem and guarantees to return optimal decision parameters. Through further applying universal approximation and fixed cardinality minimization techniques, the proposed algorithm in one hand expands the representation ability of basic linear value functions, on the other hand, it guarantees the convergence of the Bellman error. Experimental results on two canonical reinforcement learning scenarios demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves similar or better performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms, while reduces the computation time significantly and improves the robustness of the algorithm against state uncertainty.


19 Fungi secrete a set of glycoside hydrolases and oxidoreductases, including lytic 20 polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), for the degradation of plant polysaccharides. LPMOs 21 catalyze the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds after activation by an external electron 22 donor. So far, only flavin-dependent oxidoreductases (from the auxiliary activity family AA3) 23 have been shown to activate LPMOs. Here we present LPMO activation by a pyrroloquinoline- 24 quinone (PQQ)-dependent pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH) from Coprinopsis cinerea , Cc PDH, 25 the founding member of the recently discovered auxiliary activity family AA12. Cc PDH 26 contains a C-terminal family 1 carbohydrate binding module (CBM1), an N-terminal family 27 AA8 cytochrome domain, and a central AA12 dehydrogenase domain. We have studied the 28 ability of full length Cc PDH and its truncated variants to drive catalysis by two Neurospora 29 crassa LPMOs. The results show that Cc PDH indeed can activate the C1-oxidizing Nc LPMO9F 30 and the C4-oxidizing Nc LPMO9C, that this activation depends on the cytochrome domain, and 31 that the dehydrogenase and the LPMO reactions are strongly coupled. The two tested Cc PDH- 32 LPMO systems showed quite different efficiencies and this difference disappeared upon addition 33 of free PQQ acting as a diphenol/quinone redox mediator, showing that LPMOs differ when it 34 comes to their direct interactions with the cytochrome domain. Surprisingly, removal of the 35 CBM domain from Cc PDH had a considerable negative impact on the efficiency of the Cc PDH- 36 LPMO systems, suggesting that electron transfer in the vicinity of the substrate is beneficial. Cc PDH does not oxidize cello-oligosaccharides, which makes this enzyme a useful tool for 38 studying cellulose-oxidizing LPMOs.


Gustav Radbrueh discussed the relationship between law and morality in"Introduction of Law".Both of law and morality belong to what is"should be",and the order of law must have moral destiny.However,they are different.The difference of law and morality helps us to solve the problems about conflicts between political tra- dition and modernization in China.


The decarboxylation of l-tryptophan catalyzed by the aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase from Micrococcus percitreus was competitively inhibited by α-methyl-l-phenylalanine. During prolonged incubation with the α-methyl amino acid, the enzyme lost its activity and its absorption spectrum changed drastically. The activity was restored by the addition of a cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). The reaction products from α-methyl-l-phenylalanine were isolated and identified as methylbenzylketone and α-methyl-β-phenylethyl amine. PLP added to the reaction mixture was found to change to pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP) after the reaction. These results indicate that the enzyme catalyzes decarboxylation-dependent transamination besides the normal decarboxylation of α-methyl-l-amino acids.


Shahid Hashemi-Nezhad Gas Processing Company (S.G.P.C.), located in Sarakhs region of Iran, processes wells that consist of the sourest gases in Middle East. The gas entering the company from gas wells includes 3.5 percent H2S and 6.5 percent CO2 that is quite rare among similar wells for sweetening such large quantities as it does. As a result, greenhouse gases and their possible harmful results are sometimes unavoidable in the area. In this study, greenhouse gases in Sarakhs region, the atmosphere of the company and also the output metering of S.G.P.C. were monitored and analyzed in a three-month period, considering elimination of preliminary contaminants in the sweetening process. Later, sources, fluctuations and deviations of greenhouse gases from global standards were observed and analyzed.


Indoor localization has been a long-standing and important issue in the areas of signal processing and sensor networks that has raised increasing attention recently. One of the key demands in assistive environment is to promptly and accurately determine the state and activities of an inhabitant subject. The indoor localization provides an effective means in tracking the positions, motions, and reactions and detecting the falls of a patient, the elderly or any person with special needs for medical observation or accident prevention. The classic approach for localization is to first estimate one or more location-dependent signal parameters, such as time-of-arrival (TOA), angle-of-arrival (AOA) or received-signal-strength (RSS). Then in a second step, the collection of estimated parameters is used to determine an estimate of the subject's location. The TOA-based methods are usually more accurate than RSS or AOA techniques. However, the accuracy of the classic TOA based methods often suffer from massive multipath conditions for indoor localization, which is caused by the reflection and diffraction of the RF signals from objects (e.g., interior walls, doors or furniture) in the environment [1]. Moreover, it usually necessitates using synchronized emitters/sensors to be able to estimate accurate time-of arrival or time-difference-of-arrival. In [2],[3],[4],[5], we proposed an accurate localization method based on both TOA and RSS and the spatial sparsity in the x-y-z space. In this approach, we directly estimate the location of the emitter without going through the intermediate stage of TOA or RSS estimation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has very good performance even with small number of sensors. The results also indicate that, in contrary to the classic TOA-based methods, the proposed approach is a very effective and robust tool to overcome multipath issues, which is a very serious problem in indoor localization. Furthermore, the system works well in noisy environments with low SNRs. It implies that, even with low transmitted power (to keep the devices small with long battery life), we can still achieve a high localization accuracy. Figure 1 shows the preliminary results for localization and tracking in a sample building using 4 RF sensors. Figure 1 shows the actual trajectory (blue line) of an individual walking around in the room, and the estimated path (red line) by the proposed system. However, in this proposal, the main goal is to provide a low-cost and easy-to-install system that can be easily and quickly installed in a building, and yet to estimate the location of subjects with acceptable accuracy. To this end, we propose a low-cost system based on RSS only, and exploit the spatial sparsity of the target in the space.


Job rotation denotes employees' lateral transfers between jobs within the same firm (Campion et al., 1994). This study is the first that tests empirically Ortega's (2001) employer learning argument, i.e., the employer learns about the employee if the latter rotates jobs. Consistent with his theoretical model findings, I document that job rotation is adopted if the firm is uncertain about employees' job-specific human capital (e.g., employees' job-specific ability) or job-specific nonhuman capital (e.g., the applied technology) or if employees' job performance is influenced by an exogenous shock. For my analysis, I choose a comprehensive employee-based sample containing 26,957 observations from 35 European countries provided by the Fourth and Fifth European Working Conditions Survey in 2005 and 2010, respectively. The observations include all possible occupations, ranks, and industries. These findings are robust if incentives are estimated simultaneously.


As in the cisgender intimate partner violence (C-IPV) literature, transgender IPV (T-IPV) is often presented as a one-size-fits-all phenomenon, where all transgender survivors experience the same IPV tactics and barriers to escape. Consequently, IPV victim service providers may falsely assume that most transgender survivors are white, native-born citizens. In reality, transgender survivors who are people of color, immigrants, and/or undocumented face a variety of unique IPV tactics and barriers to escape shaped by racism, xenophobia, language challenges, and fewer legal rights. This chapter reviews the still-emerging body of research on T-IPV and intersectionality, specifically the intersections of race and immigration, supplemented by studies on race and immigration in the C-IPV literature. Ultimately, this literature emphasizes the need for tailoring IPV victim services to the unique needs of various transgender subgroups.


There is provided a compound of formula I: Formula I In this formula, R 1 , R 2 , Ar 1 , Ar 2 and n are as defined herein. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the present invention, methods of using the compounds of the present invention, and methods of preparing the compounds of the present invention.


According to the strain energy density function for finite deformation of viscoelastic material, the relaxation function of the Maxwell mode, and the deformation gradient tensor of the bubble, a stress equation for finite deformation of a protein bubble is derived. By using the above stress equation and the dynamics equation of the bubble, an equation describing the relation between the relative deformation rate of the inner radius and time is developed for finite deformation. Based on this equation and the nonlinear properties of finite deformation, the effect of the pressure difference, the thickness and viscosity of the film, the initial size of the bubble, and the initial gas pressure in the bubble on the radial deformation of the protein bubble are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results show that during the contraction of the bubble, an oscillation with degressive amplitude is associated. The variation tendencies of vibration frequency and amplitude and the balance size of the bubble are close...


PAIN is a multidimensional experience that includes both a sensory aspect (intensity, location and duration) and an affective-motivational aspect (emotional and unpleasantness). Observation of behaviour is a non-invasive and effective way of investigating pain in different contexts. However, the ability to recognise behavioural indicators of pain may be subjective and biased if objective criteria are not used to define and evaluate these observations. The aim of this study was to collect and classify expert opinion on the behavioural signs in cats that denote pain, according to whether they were sufficient (that is, their presence indicates that the cat is in pain) and/or necessary (that is, their presence is essential to indicate pain, but not necessarily pathognomonic for pain). A panel of 19 veterinary experts in feline medicine completed four rounds of structured surveys between December 2014 and May 2015. In the first round, participants scored 67 behaviours that were based on a systematic review of behavioural assessment of pain in cats previously conducted by the authors. In the second round, participants added to the initial list based on their clinical experience. The participants appraised these additional signs in the next two rounds. Agreement was considered to be established when 80 per cent of the panel concurred. Of the total behavioural signs where an agreement was reached (73/91), 23 items were identified as certainly or often sufficient to infer pain in cats. These signs included both the sensory (eg, lameness, difficulty in jumping) and emotional aspects (eg, changes in general mood and temperament) of pain. Two behaviours ('straining to urinate' and 'tail flitching') were considered reliable for pain. None of the 91 signs was considered necessary to denote pain, which the authors suggest supports the idea that evaluation of a suite of behaviours will produce greater accuracy than the use of single signs, especially across different contexts. The authors conclude that the majority of behaviours indicated by the participants as reliable indicators of pain are in accordance with those described in the World Small Animal Veterinary Association guidelines for the assessment of pain.


This article is devoted to the investigation of the state role in the Higher School administration in terms of the specific of form-ing the post-industrial society in Russia. The main directions of increase of the state role in the Higher School administration are marked out. The modern ground requirements laid to the Higher School administration system are reported.


The thematic synthesis "Faster diagnostics and new therapeutic approaches" summarises the research on new diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches carried out under NRP 72 and formulates detailed conclusions and recommendations in this area. The latter have been drafted in collaboration with researchers and numerous stakeholders.


Inkjet printing is a non-contact and direct writing associated with a computer. In the industrial field, there have been many efforts to utilize the inkjet printing as a new way of manufacturing, especially for electronic devices. For the application of inkjet printing to electronic field, one of the key factors is exact realization of designed images into printed patterns. In this work, micro patterning for conducting line has been studied using the piezoelectric print head and silver nano ink. Dimensions of printed images have been predicted in terms of print resolution and diameter of a single dot. The predicted and the measured values showed consistent results. Using the results, the design capability for industrial inkjet printing could be achieved.


The invention discloses an ethylene oxide sterilization device which comprises a sterilization bin provided with a sealing door and a sterilization control unit, wherein an ethylene oxide storage tank provided with a gas supply valve is communicated with the sterilization bin through a gas inlet pipeline; an exhaust pipeline provided with an extraction pump is communicated with the sterilization bin through a bleeder valve and a safety control valve respectively; an air purifier is communicated with the sterilization bin through an electromagnetic valve; a temperature regulating device, a temperature sensor, a spraying device, a humidity sensor and a gas pressure sensor are further arranged in the sterilization bin; and the sterilization control unit comprises a clock control circuit, a sterilization condition optimization unit and a signal transmit-receive unit. According to the provided ethylene oxide sterilization device, joint control of various parameters such as concentration, time, temperature, pressure and relative humidity of ethylene oxide gas in a sterilization process is realized, and a sterilizer operates automatically, so that an ethylene oxide sterilization technology is overall guided into the quantitative, modeling and standardized stage.


In the Amazon the fishing is considered an important source of income and animal protein for the people in the region. Among the different fish species that landed in the market and fairs stand out Triportheus albus, T. angulatus and T. auritus. Considering the reduction of some fish stocks in the region, both the quantity and the size of some species, the research proposes to determine the growth parameters, mortality and length-weight relation of these species in floodplain lakes, Manacapuru, AM. The parameters were estimated by analyzing the length frequency distribution with the help of the routine "scan of values of k" method ELEFAN I program FISAT II. The values for each species were: T. albus L∞ = 24.68 cm, k = 0.86/year, O '= 2.71, A0.95 = 3.48 years, Mp = 1.76/year, Mt = 0.85/year, Pt = 0.0398ICp2.6303; T. angulatus L∞ = 26.78 cm, k = 0.77/year, O '= 2.74, A0.95 = 3.89 years, Mp = 1.60/year, Mt = 0.76/year, Pt = 0.0294 ICp2.8599 and T. auritus L∞ = 27.83 cm, k = 0.65/year, O '= 2.70, A0.95 = 4.68 years, Mp  = 1.40/year, Mt = 0.63/year and Pt = 0.0542ICp2.5094. These species showed rapid growth, high mortality, low life expectancy and short life cycle. It is suggested the parameters population should be continuously monitored to be used as a tool in the stock analysis.


In this study, a new smoothing nonlinear penalty function for constrained optimization problems is presented. It is proved that the optimal solution of the smoothed penalty problem is an approximate optimal solution of the original problem. Based on the smoothed penalty function, we develop an algorithm for finding an optimal solution of the optimization problems with inequality constraints. We further discuss the convergence of this algorithm and test this algorithm with three numerical examples. The numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective for solving some nonlinear constrained optimization problems.


In this thesis the Standard Model theoretical prediction for the elastic scattering of muons on electrons is analyzed. In particular, we focus on the calculation of the radiative corrections at next-to-leading order in QED, which turn out to be in agreement with the most recent result in literature. Moreover, we discuss the application of this theoretical prediction in the framework of a new proposal, which aims to compute the leading-order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment within an improved accuracy.


A Horizontal Drilling System (HDS) has been developed for the US Navy by Petrolphysics, Inc. and refined by Western Instrument, Inc. The HDS approach combines three key features to overcome drillstring buckling in long horizontal penetrations: (a) by maintenance of the drillstring tension (b) a steerable water-jet drillhead and (c) a constantly rotating drillstring. With water jet drilling, the drillstring can be maintained in tension and the high compressive load requires for normal mechanical drill bits is eliminated. For the very long 7,600 m trajectories, it was necessary to develop a drillhead that could be steered while drilling. The Steerable Drillhead (SDH) can be pre-programmed or commanded via wireline in real time. It steers by valving on the various water jets as they pass through the direction in which the drillstring needs to move and valves them off as they pass the opposite direction. That process results in an off-round hole for the SDH to follow. The constant rotation of the HDS drillstring reduces the coefficient of friction: once the horizontal pipe is rotating, only a small force is required to move it forward at normal drilling rates. The final key technology for HDS is a high-torque, flush inside/outside jointmore » for the drill string. The improved joint design, even within the limited wall thickness, allows drilling torque to limit the total length at about the same time as buckling. The civilian applications of the HDS could include long-distance river crossings, on-shore to offshore oil drilling, extension of existing drainage of offshore oil fields, environmental remediation applications and other programs. A major value of the HDS is the prospect of requiring fewer high cost platforms to drain large offshore oil accumulations.« less


In this paper, a study of the Lyapunov Associative Memory (LYAM) is given. This system is constructed by a set of ordinary differential equations, and its stable equilibrium states store pattern cluster information. The study shows that the single-class system is always globally stable; the many-class system has many unstable activation states and at least one stable category state representing the learned information. A rigorous stability study of the many-class system is difficult, and it remains to be investigated.


Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common birth defect with complex causes, now widely considered as the result of interactions between genetic and environmental factors.Susceptible genes of congenital cleft lip with or without cleft palate have become a focus since the whole genome sequencing was available.Numerous candidate genes which were screened out are being constantly validated by gene polymorphism detection, case-control study and meta analysis.But the results are inconsistent.In this article, we review the research progress on susceptible genes of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and the relationship between environmental factors and cleft lip with or without palate in recent years.

Key words:
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate; Susceptible gene; Loci; Environmental factors


The morphology of A/B/(C-block-D) ternary blends was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its implications in the compatibilization of two immiscible homopolymers A and B with a C-block-D copolymer are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the thermodynamic requirements and the role of order−disorder transition temperature (TODT) of block copolymer for compatibilization. For the investigation, the following model ternary blends were prepared:  (i) 63/27/10 PS/PB/(PαMS-block-PI) with PS denoting polystyrene, PB denoting polybutadiene, PαMS denoting poly(α-methylstyrene), and PI denoting polyisoprene; (ii) 63/27/10 PPO/PP/(PS-block-PEB) with PPO denoting poly(phenylene oxide), PP denoting polypropylene, and PEB denoting poly(ethylene-co-1-butene); and (iii) 63/27/10 PMMA/PP/(PαMS-block-PI) with PMMA denoting poly(methyl methacrylate). Blend specimens were prepared by melt blending in a Mini-Max mixer at temperatures above and below the TODT of block copolymer. The TEM images of ternary ble...


• Tendonitis • Ganglion cyst TESTS AND RESULTS: Left wrist x-ray: • No acute fracture or dislocation • Chronic deformity of ulnar styloid and persistent 5mm cyst within the lunate, unchanged from prior imaging Left wrist arthrocentesis per hand surgery consultation: • Monosodium urate crystals, no bacteria Other tests: • Complete blood count no leukocytosis • Negative blood and synovial fluid cultures FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: • Gout TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: • IV antibiotics and oral antibiotics for 48 hours • Prednisone and ibuprofen for 5 days • Pain and swelling significantly improved • Did not initiate allopurinol/colchicine


Using probiotics as a pharmaceutical intervention is based on the fact that dysbiosis affects many people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study aimed to quantify various probiotics' overall and individualized benefits in treating ASD. Randomized or cross-over trials comparing the efficacy of placebo or active control vs. probiotics in patients of any age diagnosed with ASD based on DSM IV/V criteria were considered under inclusion criteria.  An electronic database search in PUBMED and Cochrane Library was conducted using MeSH search terms "probiotics" AND "Autism."  Mean change in the total score of clinical parameters used to assess ASD symptom severity was the primary outcome measure analyzed. All the outcome measures were estimated by calculating the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) values and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), considering the different clinical parameters used to assess the change in ASD symptoms in identified clinical trials. An insignificant decrease in the total score value of primary outcome measure by -0.14 (SMD: 0.14, 95% CI:-0.45 to 0.17) in patients treated with probiotics was observed. The quantity of decrease remained insignificant in subgroup analyses also. Observed insignificant clinical benefits of probiotics in ASD patients could be due to the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms as co-morbidity. We hypothesize that intolerance to dietary components is responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation. Perhaps probiotics are still beneficial in ASD patients without gastrointestinal symptoms, while their combination with prebiotics is effective in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.


To counter the problem of analyzing the relation between disease and its causes the logistic information proces system is developped and realized in the environment of Internet by the technique of Java and JDBC. The result shows that this system has high access efficiency and transplantability.


Photograph of a woman reaching for items at the top shelf of an aisle in a grocery store. The woman has a cart with her and a baby carrier is placed inside. Another woman is shown behind her with three children and one of them is reaching inside an open fridge.


The present study was conducted to determine the heavy metal contamination in soil with accumulation in plants in waste water irrigated areas. Results revealed that waste water contained lower concentrations of Cr, Zn, Cu, and Pb except Cd (0.03) than the permissible limits prescribed by the World Health Organization. The maximum metal concentrations occurred in Brassica oleracea (Zn 63.80, Cu 12.25, Cr 10.65, Pb 3.63, and Cd 0.56 mg Kg−1).The metal enrichment (EF of Cd 1.9, Cr2.9, Zn 4.8, Cu 6.5, and Pb 15.5) and degree of contamination (CF of Cd 2.9, Cr 2.0, Zn 2.3, Cu 2.7, and Pb 2.2) showed that accumulation of the five toxic metals increased during sewage irrigation as compared with the reference values, other Indian regions and globally. However, based on WHO standards for heavy metal contamination of soil and irrigation water, our data does not ensure safe levels for food.


The high-rise building construction field in the urban area is short of working space because it is surrounded by adjacent buildings and nearby roads. The insufficient space causes problems of interference and conflicts in transporting materials and working at the site. These problems can be resolved through the proper selection and layout of temporary facilities. The objective of this paper is to develop a method of evaluating and selecting alternatives of temporary facility layout planning in high-rise building projects using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The method supports a decision-maker to evaluate and select the alternatives of temporary facilities plans by establishing and analyzing processes and influence factors of them. Construction duration and costs are used as criteria that objectively evaluate the alternatives of temporary facilities plans. Case studies are performed to evaluate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method.


The apparent high valuations in the aggregate market and the high price earnings ratios, experienced in the equity markets at the end of the 1990s, can be characterized as a so-called speculative bubble. The existence of such a phenomenon can in part be attributed to less-than-rational aspects of investor behavior and human judgment. The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a research on how private as well as institutional investors have changed their investment behavior as a consequence of the speculative bubble during the period from fall 1998 to March 2000. Our purpose is to establish what factors lie behind the speculative bubble and further investigate whether the investment objectives and factors influencing investment decision-making are different today than during the speculative bubble. Behavioral finance provides the fundamental theoretical framework for this thesis. The empirical research is based on a questionnaire directed towards active private investors in Sweden, more specifically members of the Aktiespararna Association, and institutional investors mainly resident in southern Sweden. The results obtained suggest that the behavior of market participants during the speculative bubble was to some extent irrational and that the composition of investments has changed as a consequence of the speculative bubble. During the steep rise in value of the equity market, information from companies was the most important factor influencing investments among both private and institutional investors. However, it was considered as the least significant reason for the overvaluation of the market. When comparing the time period after the speculative bubble, information from companies gained importance for both groups of investors, especially institutional investors. This indicates an increase in the importance of fundamental data and valuations today than during the speculative bubble when intuition and other more vague valuation methods seemed to have influenced investments to a greater extent. Furthermore, the results indicate herd behavior as an important contributing factor to the overvaluation as well as the decline of the market. Both groups of investors also consider the forecasts of analysts as an important factor contributing to the overvaluation of the market but not as important when considering reasons for the market decline. The importance of analysts' forecasts to the overvaluation of the market suggests that analysts do share some blame for the IT bubble. The results show that the fall in market values after March 2000 was mainly due to earnings and profitability of companies, or a lack thereof. Overconfidence is another concept in behavioral finance that seems to have influenced investment decision-making strongly during the speculative bubble and may help explain the observed irrational behavior of investors. The fact that the market today is considered undervalued by a majority of investors may also imply the existence of overconfidence. This contradicts the efficient market hypothesis and implies that investors believe they can beat the market and overestimate their talents while underestimating the likelihood of bad outcomes. This thesis supports, to some extent, the assumption that even though a majority of the investors during 1998 to 2000 seem to have realized the seriousness of the speculative bubble they nevertheless continued their investment activities knowing that the risk for a collapse was imminent. A more common understanding of factors underlying speculative bubbles and the way in which psychological factors affect our decision-making should help to avoid the occurrence of such phenomenon and enhance the efficiency of today's global financial markets.


Abstract Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Qushayrī (d. 465/1072) is a pivotal figure in the development of the Sufi tradition. The articles that comprise the present issue of the Journal of Sufi Studies propose to shed new light on understudied areas in Qushayrī's thought, corpus, and posthumous reception.


This document defines the protocol used between elements of a physically decomposed multimedia gateway, i.e. a Media Gateway and a Media Gateway Controller. The document is common text with ITU-T Recommendation H.248 and is a result of applying the changes in RFC 2886 to the text of RFC 2885.


Objective To study the for prevention of DVS after SAH with injection of r TPA. Methods 12 dogs were randomly assigned equally into 2 groups, SAH were created with "double hemorrhage model". 2 days later(48 hours after the first and 6 hours after the second injection of blood), 25μg r TPA (dissolved in 1ml physiological saline) was injected into the cisternal magna in treatment group, and 1ml physiological saline was injected into the cisternal magna in the control group. Before"hemorrhage"and 7 days after the"SAH", angiograms of the left vertebral basilar arteries were taken. Results The angiography showed that spasm of the basilar arteries were completely prevented in all of treated group, whereas, in the control group severe vasospasm occurred. Inspection of the base of brain demonstrated that subarachnoid blood clots were nearly completely disappeared in treated group. While basilar arteries were embedded in the thick subarachnoid clots in control group.Conclusions Intracisteral injection r TPA can resolve the premature blood clots and prevent vasospasm effectively within 48 hours after SAH.


Abstract In this paper, we will prove the superstability of the functional equation ∑ ϕ∈Φ ∫ K f(xkϕ(y)k -1 )dw K (k)=|Φ|f(x)g(y),x,y∈G,$ \sum _{\varphi \in \Phi }\int _{K} f(xk\varphi (y)k^{-1})dw_{K}(k) =\vert \Phi \vert f(x)g(y), \quad x,y\in G, $ which is bounded by the real functions φ(x)${\phi (x)}$ , ψ(y)${\psi (y)}$ or min(φ(x),ψ(y))${\min (\phi (x),\psi (y))}$ , where f, g are unknown continuous complex-valued functions. Here G is any topological group, K is a compact subgroup of G, ω K ${\omega _{K}}$ is the normalized Haar measure of K and Φ is a finite group of K-invariant morphisms of G. Consequently, we will investigate the superstability of the generalized Pexider type trigonometric functional equation ∑ ϕ∈Φ ∫ K f(xkϕ(y)k -1 )dw K (k)=|Φ|g(x)h(y),x,y∈G,$ \sum _{\varphi \in \Phi }\int _{K}f(xk\varphi (y)k^{-1})dw_{K}(k) =\vert \Phi \vert g(x)h(y), \quad x,y\in G, $ and we give some applications.


Fatigue cracking is very critical among all types of distresses in pavements once the fatigue crack start in pavement it led to fast pavement deterioration and thus reduced the life of pavement and quality of riding on pavement. Thus, to control such distress it is necessary to understand the mechanics behind such crack initiation and propagation and to find the fracture parameters to choose best mixture to resist the failure. There are various methods to understand the fracture properties of the bituminous concrete (BC) mix. This paper describes the semi-circular bending test for BC mix, which was designed to be very effective, and user friendly. This method is adopted because it simulates the field conditions and its availability. Semi-circular samples of forty-eight were prepared out of which half was made of unmodified bitumen and the rest were made of plastic modified bitumen. These all samples were then tested at different loading rates and value of load at each deflection is measured. Two fracture parameters like fracture energy and stress intensity factor are evaluated. The plastic modified bituminous concrete shows that the value of energy is increased 2 to 3 times than the unmodified bituminous concrete at intermediate temperature. Hence, plastic modified bituminous concrete has the greater cracking resistance potential.


A process for producing a silicon solar cell with a selective emitter as well as metallization contact fingers forming, wherein the emitter regions below the contact fingers have a locally high doping concentration, wherein for alignment of the metallisation to produce the contact fingers selectively doped structure by means of an IR-sensitive camera means (3) determined in position in the wafer (1) and the metallization is aligned using the visualized position wherein the doped surface is limited precisely to the field of applied metallization.


Direct numerical simulations of the Darcy and non-Darcy flows through plates with circular holes are carried out at the pore scale. With a view to evaluating the linear (or Darcy drag) and non-linear drag (or Forchheimer drag) of perforated plates, the dependence of pressure drop on the transpiration velocity is first discussed for a porosity of 0.1∼0.4 and hole depth to diameter ratio of 1∼6 at pore-level Reynolds numbers of up to 25. The shear flow problems are then investigated, along with a discussion of the effects of the porosity and hole depth to diameter ratio on the slip velocity at the free-fluid/porous medium interface. Correlations of the permeability and Forchheimer coefficient are also proposed for a perforated plate.


Introduction Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common form of unresolved acute neonatal lung injury. The exact incidence is difficult to determine, but occurrence rates from 5 to 68010 have been reported in infants with the respiratory distress syndrome who receive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (1). Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as characterized by the radiographic criteria of Northway or the pathologic changesdescribed by Edwards, isassociated with a mortality of approximately 50% and significantmorbidity in long-term survivors (2). It is apparent that the social and economic impact of this disease is significant. The exact mechanisms that lead to the morphologicand functional disruption ofthe lung in patients with BPD have not yet been established. Since BPD may develop from nearly all forms of neonatal acute lung injury (such as hyaline membrane disease, persistent pulmonary hypertension, pneumonia, congenital heart disease), common pathophysiologic mechanisms in these different forms of lung injury that ultimately lead to BPD are suggested. The potential role of inflammation in this process is suggested by both cytologic and histopathologic studies. However, the mere presence of inflammatory cells in the lung may be of little consequence. Instead, it is the secretion or release of products from these cells that alters pulmonary function and/or damages lung cells in connectivetissue structures leading to pulmonary edema, airway hyperreactivity, and pulmonary hypertension, which are pathophysiologic characteristics of infants with BPD. The release of lipid mediators (3), proteolytic enzymes and cationic proteins (4), oxygen radicals (5), and lymphokines (6) from activated inflammatory cells has been reported.


This paper demonstrates a set of techniques development by the River Campus Libraries at the University of Rochester (USA) which have facilitated a tight alignment between the services, collections, facilities, and digital presence of the Libraries with the academic needs of the undergraduate students, graduate students and faculty at the University of Rochester. At the heart of what has come to be called the 'Rochester method' is a belief that a greater understanding of the academic work practices of a university or college community can reveal unintentional misalignments between a library's services and user needs, as well as overlooked opportunities for a library to provide new services. The focus and study of academic work practices has been achieved through the adoption and adaptation of methods from anthropological and ethnography, which are then applied to the study of segments of a university community. The process begins with the identification of a question, such as "what does a student do between the time a research paper is assigned and the paper is complete?" A suite of research methods are then developed to explore the question, such as in situ interview, photo elicitation exercises, design charettes, and academic diaries. The application of those study methods results in data in various forms including photographs, drawings, interview transcripts, and blue-sky descriptions of ideal tools, spaces, and services. Diverse teams of staff from across the library study the data and develop findings. At this point in the cycle, those findings require an organizational response that results in real change which can vary from improved marketing, altered physical facilities, new services and web tools. The success at the University of Rochester has demonstrated that a greater understanding and appreciation of the academic needs of library users is not overly difficult nor costly to obtain. While the findings of the Rochester studies are unique to the unique community of the University of Rochester, the methods of study can and have been applied successfully to the study of library users on other campuses.


The CERN Proton Synchrotron machine is built using combined function magnets. The control of the linear tune as well as the chromaticity in both planes is achieved by means of special coils added to the main magnets, namely two pole-face-windings and one figure-of-eight loop. As a result, the overall magnetic field configuration is rather complex not to mention the saturation effects induced at top-energy. For these reasons a linear model of the PS main magnet does not provide sufficient precision to model particle dynamics. On the other hand, a sophisticated optical model is the key element for the foreseen intensity upgrade and, in particular, for the novel extraction mode based on adiabatic capture of beam particles inside stable islands in transverse phase space. A solution was found by performing accurate measurement of the nonlinear tune as a function of both amplitude and momentum offset so to extract both linear and nonlinear properties of the lattice. In this paper the measurement results are presented and the derived optical model is discussed in detail. PS LATTICE AND MAIN MAGNET The PS lattice consists of ten super-periods each made of ten combined function magnets 4.4 m long, interlaced with eight 1.6 m and two3.0 m drift spaces [1]. Every magnet is composed of two half-units, each made of five blocks with small gaps in between, with gradients of opposite sign ( |G| = 5.2 T/m), separated by a central junction. The control of the tunes and chromaticities is obtained by means of the three currents of the pole-face winding and figure-of-eight loop devices located on the magnet poles. As an example, the layout of a PS magnet unit in the extraction region is shown in Fig. 1. The latest PS magnetic field measurements using Hall probes were undertaken in 1992 [2] for different settings of the currents in the main coil, pole-face and figure-of-eight loop windings. The data of the vertical field, including measurements of the central field, the end and lateral stray fields, as well as the field in the junction between the two half-units, produced a discrete 2D field map [2]. The field measurements were carried out in a Cartesian co-ordinate frame (see Fig. 1 for its definition). In this reference system a regular mesh is defined and for each point in the mesh the value of By was measured in the median plane. The step size is 20 mm along the longitudinal zaxis and 10 mm along the radial x-axis. The mesh extends from −2.55 m to 2.73 m and from−70 mm to 310 mm in the longitudinal and radial directions respectively. As an example, the fitted 2D field map for the 26 GeV/c working point is shown in Fig. 2 (see Ref. [3] for more details). When the effect of the additional coils is taken into account, Figure 1: Layout of the PS magnet unit 16 (upper part). The vacuum pipes for both the circulating beam and the extracted one are visible. The cross sections of the entry face (open gap) and exit face (closed gap) are shown on the lower left and lower right respectively. nonlinear field components have to be considered. Multipolar components may be derived from the measured field map to model the machine lattice. However, they hold only for the specific set of currents in the pole-face and figureof-eight loop windings. Unfortunately, these values change according to the machine setting, thus a magnetic measurement is required for each new working point, which is not possible in practise.


Clinical and hematologic studies of 16 adult patients whose leukemic cells had Tcell markers are reported from Japan, where the incidence of various lymphoproliferative diseases differs considerably from that in Western countries. Leukemic cells were studied by cytotoxicity tests with specific antisera against human T (ATS) and B cells (ABS) in addition to the usual Tand B-cell markers (E rosette, EAC rosette, and surface immunoglobulins). Characteristics of the clinical and hematologic findings were as follows: (1) onset in adulthood; (2) subacute or chronic leukemia with rapidly progressive terminal course; (3) leukemic cells killed by ATS and forming E rosettes; (4) Icykemic cells not morphologically monotonous and frequent cells with deeply indented or lobulated nuclei; (5) frequent skin involvement (9 patients); (6) common lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly; (7) no mediastinal mass; and, the most striking finding, (8) the clustering of the patients' birthplaces, namely, 13 patients born in Kyushu. The relation. ship between our cases and other subacute or chronic adult T-ceIl malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia of T-cell origin, prolymphocytic leukemia with 1cell properties, S#{233}zarysyndrome, and mycosis fungoides is discussed.


The object of the study is the study of the process of grinding metal shavings during transportation by a screw conveyor under the condition of using a common drive in order not to increase energy consumption.In the process of work, a fundamentally new scheme for grinding drain chips and chipping chips was proposed, a calculation scheme of a knife crusher was developed, the kinematic scheme of which uses the involved torque of the conveyor drive thanks to the power take-off shaft in order to save energy consumption and resource conservation when not using a separate energy source.The analysis of the research results showed that in domestic and foreign mechanical engineering, there is little information and recommendations for the design and calculation of equipment for chipping during transportation, especially for chipping waste chips of high-alloy, stainless steels and titanium alloys, as well as insufficiently researched technologies for using a common power source for several different additional operations of auxiliary equipment of mechanical industries and enterprises.The work presents theoretical studies on determining the action of moments in different planes, which determine the components of the work, additional coefficients and calculated power of the drive to meet the needs of the crusher. Recommendations are given for the design, calculation and industrial use of knife crushers.Using the developed methods and recommendations, the calculation of all the necessary elements of the complex system of transportation and processing of chips for the conditions of mechanical enterprises was carried out in accordance with the scientific study within the state budget research work "Development and improvement of technological equipment for operating systems of lubricating and cooling fluids of metal cutting machines, taking into account environmental efficiency of processes of transportation, cleaning and processing of technological environments" of the Dnipro State Technical University.The use of the described methodology allows you to use engineering calculations to solve the technological problems of designing and constructing equipment in agrotechnical and agricultural areas.


The invention relates to a method of operating a scanning microscope and for determining point spread, which are added with the scanning microscope specimen images. In such a method it is provided that a sample is scanned with at least one illumination light beam that during the scanning of the illumination light beam with a detector device of the scanning microscope at least one sample image is captured, and that the point spread function is calculated from the at least one sample image with which by the scanning microscope is picked up a specimen image. There is a detector device with receiving elements used whose distance is smaller than a diffraction another disk, which generates a sample point on the detector means. Detector signals generated on the receiving elements are read out in each case for different positions of the illumination light beam on the specimen, which arise over the scanning of the sample, the read out detector signals a plurality of sample images. Here, the point spread to the different detector signals each have a lighting point spread and a detection point spread function are defined. It is believed a matching lighting point spread to all detector signals shifted according to the scanning for different detector signals. In addition, a matching detection point spread function is assumed to be all the detector signals, in which a spatial offset is taken into account between the detector elements. With the plurality of sample images, the illumination point spread and the detection point spread are calculated and with them the point spread to the different detector signals. The invention also relates to a corresponding scanning microscope.


Within the framework of schools as communities of learning and practice, the purpose of the research upon which this article is based has been to analyze the perceptions of families with respect to the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of the European Schools. The findings of the research show that parents value highly the existence of the European Schools. However, they feel that more authentic participation and greater transparency is needed to transform the tendency toward bureaucratization and centralization in the system.


This article discusses aesthetic singularity in present-day Sarajevo and shows how time generates a social response to the visual quality of space. Acknowledging the metamorphosis of the cityscape with regard to the identity reformulation of post-war Sarajevo, it examines the sensory engagement of people with the urban environment in relationship to the traumatic events and shifting realities imposed by globalisation. The hypothesis is that the environmental aesthetics of post-war cities are defined by the traumatic memory of physical and social destruction. This article offers insight within a broad range of theoretical discussions on the changes in the visual language and aesthetic quality of urban spaces in post-war Sarajevo. In particular, it presents the notion of urban memory and its role in shaping the aesthetic experience in postwar cities. Finally, the findings show that architectural remnants, or ruins in the urban fabric, instead of being unstable entities, have the potential to become drivers of a continuum. Ultimately, this article accepts the values of incompleteness and opens new perspectives towards playful experimentation, which potentially relieves the aesthetic experience of a rigid and monotonous urban image.


This paper proposes a new compensation method that can efficiently compensate errors appearing in the phase estimate by the high-frequency voltage injection methods for sensorless drives of permanent-magnet synchronous motors. In the proposed method, the phase estimate is supposed to be determined by high-frequency components of stator current in the rotational reference frame aiming to be in phase with the rotor phase.


The sunlight sports is an important event in sports,the implementation of sunlight sports will cause the major reform to China's sports,and will also made newer and higher requirements to school sports.In this paper,the sunlight sports on the impact of school sports results showed that:the sunlight sports is focus on sports development;sunlight sports gives us a better understanding of the importance of physical education in schools;sunlight sports will promote the basic sports conditions;strengthen the building of teachers' teams.Based on this foundation to carry out the basic strategy of the sunlight sports.


The invention provides a method for manufacturing a built-in stress nanowire. The method uses a gate-last process (Gate-last), the lateral face of an NWFET area is protected through a SiO2 layer when a grid electrode area is etched, the reverse stress direction borne by the nanowire (SiNW) of the grid electrode area is in the horizontal direction at the time so that the problem that reverse built-in stress of the semiconductor nanowire is not in the horizontal direction is solved, disposition which possibly occurs on the middle portion of the semiconductor nanowire is avoided, even the breaking problem can be solved. The upper surface of a source drain PAD is higher than the SiNW, so that upper surfaces of the source drain and the grid electrode are in a same plane, a grid electrode lateral wall process is not needed, and process flows are simplified.


The equity financing is the favorite financing mode of listed companies in China. However, this financing mode has been proved to be an inefficient way and has disadvantage to restrict and stir up the managers. It can make the "moral risk"even worse. This article believes that bond financin g can play its role in the corporate governance and the government should encour age firms to use bond financing with normative modes.


Video shot segmentation is a key step in the application of video retrieval and video classification.This paper presents an effective shot detection based on color histogram and gray-scale entropy.The method is characterized by a non-uniform quantized HSV color histogram and gray-scale entropy.Then it calculates the similarity of two adjacent frames of the video to determine whether the video transforms to another shot.The experiments results indicate the method can accurately detect abrupt cuts,and also has ideal effect on detecting gradual cuts.


The concentration of hydrogen in amorphous hydrogenated silicon films prepared by microwave glow discharge decomposition of silane has been measured as a function of several fabrication parameters: substrate temperature, deposition rate, and partial pressures of silane and of argon. Hydrogen concentration profiles have been obtained by two techniques: elastic recoil detection (ERD) with a 30 MeV 35Cl beam, and by the resonant nuclear reaction 15N + 1H → 12C + 4He + γ. Both offer very high depth resolution (in the order of 100 A) and have revealed important inhomogencities in chemical composition, both at the free surface and the substrate – film interface. Using standard infrared absorption measurements between 1950 and 2150 cm−1, the intensities of the lines normally associated with SiH, SiH2, and SiH3 bonds were measured. As has been previously reported for reactively sputtered films for some fabrication conditions the sum of the three intensities is not consistent with the total hydrogen concentration ...


Through a case study, I address the position that academic advising can be viewed as a developmental process. I present my specific experiences in applying Hersey and Blanchard's model of situational leadership (1969) during academic advising sessions. The model demonstrates that effective leadership is based on the appropriate balance of a leader's task and relationship behaviors. The leader's emphasis of either the task or the relationship behavior depends on the maturity or readiness of the follower. Relative Emphasis: theory, practice, research


The inflated salvage apparatus for crashed plane and submarine includes inflatable double layer parachute, balloon, air pump, accumulator, switch, inflating pipe, valve, storing room and door combined together. In case of accident, turning on the switch can connect the circuit to the accumulator, inflate the double layer parachute and the balloon with the air pump so as to generate lift force for the plane to land slowly or buoyancy for the submarine to float to water surface.


The eigenspace-based (ESB) beamforming algorithm can be hardly used in real-time application because of its high computational cost of the eigen-decomposition to obtain the signal subspace. To reduce the computational cost, this paper proposed a fast ESB algorithm based on subspace approximation. Without estimating the number of impinging signals, the algorithm splited the eigenspace into two subspaces with a threshold between the signal and the noise eigenvalues. Then utilizing the rational functions of the powers of the threshold and the sampling covariance matrix, approximated the projection matrixes of the two subspaces. Calculating the weight vector of the ESB algorithm based on the approximations could save computational loads without degrading the performance. Computer simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and analyze the influence of the threshold to the algorithm.


Technology is often used by senior management as an instrument to deliver strategy by influencing day-to-day activities within organisations. We study how local teams appropriate strategy through the use of technology, specifically in instances where it is rigid and single purposed. We show that technology has the potential to act as a carrier of strategic intent. We theorise local practices of appropriation of strategic intent by conceptualising the role of technology in 'instantiation', a notion adopted within the strategy-as-practice literature to explain how localised micro events directly constitute higher-level business outcomes such as those that arise from strategy. Through an in-depth case study following the use of passenger self-service kiosks in a UK airport over a period of 20 months, we review the strategic drivers at the top of the organisation and the central role of technology as the delivery mechanism of strategy. We focus on emergent strategising activity by local teams on the ground. Our main theoretical contributions are thus to extend the concept of instantiation to Information Systems studies and to conceptualise technology as a carrier of strategy, particularly in explaining how technology can embed strategic intent (structural strategising) and then influence the emergence of local practices consistent with these objectives (emergent strategising). We find and conceptualise how local practices instantiate strategic intent by decoupling, reframing and then recoupling new logics of work to achieve the aims set out in the organisation's strategy.


Social class is a significant modifier of quality of life in diabetic patients which we sought to measure in this study. A hospital based, cross sectional descriptive was conducted in diabetic patients using a semi structured questionnaire. A total of 103 diabetic patients consented and participated in the study. The sample consisted of 58 males and 45 females and most respondents had a duration of onset of diabetes between 1-5 yrs (47%). 68 (66%) of the respondents belonged to lower class, 27 (26%) to the middle class and 8 (8%) to the upper class. 92 (89.32%) of the respondents were using oral hypoglycemic agents and 11 (10.68%) used injectable insulin. Socioeconomic status was significant for the number of missed doses (P < 0.04). The mean scores for upper, middle and lower class on the items of financial burden were 3.99 ± 0.906, 3.37 ± 1.079, 3.00 ± 0.756, for general health were 3.49 ± 0.837, 2.96 ± 0.706, 2.63 ± 0.744 and for psychological distress were 3.56 ± 0.835, 2.70 ± 0.609 and 2.75 ± 0.707 respectively. Social class has a significant impact on quality of life and therapy compliance and measures to address this must be undertaken while providing comprehensive healthcare in diabetes for an optimal outcome.


The field of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), although started long back ago, has now reached its maximum usage in research and several kinds of monitoring and surveillance applications. Since the very small size and very low power working nature of the nodes, several challenges are faced by the entire network as a whole. Several scheduling and routing protocols were designed for the WSN. All of them are basically centralised or distributed in nature. For some of the well-known scheduling protocols, their behaviour under centralised and distributed manner is detailed here. It also specifies which type of schedule is suitable for which type of application and using either centralised or distributed approach. The scheduling algorithm which is best suitable for radiation monitoring application is described and also been proved that it is more energy efficient comparing to the existing protocols.


Schools once had a premier role in acquainting youngsters with all dimensions of culture, says this writer, who chides educators for ever allowing the situation to deteriorate. In an article that is sprinkled generously with literary allusions and colorful refer ences to the good ol' days, Goldstein tells educators how they can bring culture back to the curriculum, an era the whole world awaits.


UPDATED—11 December 2017. Artificial Intelligent Chatbots are used in industries such as Banking systems, Customer services, Education. There are many intelligent tutoring systems currently in practice, but few of them are known to assist high school students for learning their general knowledge subjects. This project paper proposes an artificial intelligent chat-bot tool developed to assist high school students for learning their general knowledge subjects. The proposed intelligent chat-bot tool is a web based intelligent tutoring system which can be accessed by large number of students globally, the users are not required to pay licensing fees. The intelligent chat-bot tool will be available 24 hours a day at schools or public libraries or any other location which has internet access. The intelligent chatbot tool will make use of Natural Language Processing techniques to answer the queries by high school students. The intelligent chat-bot tool will be trained on a knowledge base comprising of general knowledge questions and answers. The intelligent chat-bot tool will have ability to participate in small talks with its learners.


This paper will examine the notion of impact and how it overlaps with disciplinary considerations in applied ethnomusicology and research ethics in the context of
Indigenous Australia. I will refer specifically to my applied research undertaken with the Indigenous Lutheran Australian community of Hopevale, Northern Queensland, where I worked as a choral facilitator for a year. I did so at the community's specific request, facilitating a community choir. The choir was affiliated to the local church in that most members were regular Lutheran worshippers, but was not specifically referred to as a church choir. As I will discuss, according to the ethical guidelines of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS) pertaining to research undertaken in collaboration with Indigenous Australians, it is mandatory that researchers aim to achieve a positive impact and that research objectives reflect this. In the Australian context, AIATSIS guidelines argue, achieving positive impact should be an objective in itself, not simply the outcome of research processes.


SUMMARY The classification of the family Pratylenchidae is revised. The family Nacobbidae is considered as a subfamily under Pratylenchidae and the family Radopholidae is synonymized with the second subfamily, Pratylenchinae (= Radopholinae, Hoplotylinae and Hirschmanniellinae). Genera included in Pratylenchinae are : Pratylenchus (type genus), Apratylenchoides, Hirschtnanniella, Hoplotylus, Pratylenchoides, Radopholus (= Radopholoides n. syn.) and Zygotylenchus. The subfamily Nacobbinae contains only Nacobbus. A table of characters is given which permits identification of genera.


In paper the experimental results on a heat transfer in annular channels with continuous twisting at length at one- and two-phase flows are observed. For a flow twisting the wire was spirally coiled on the central body of the annular channel (diameter of a wire is equal to annular gap altitude). Results of experimental data of a heat transfer of authors and various researchers at a single phase flow in annular channels with a continuous twisting are analyzed. Sampling of diagnostic variables (equivalent diameter and velocity) is spent and generalizing associations for heat transfer calculation on the concave and convex surfaces in a single-phase phase are offered. Also the technique of definition of temperature of the subcooled flow boiling beginning on surfaces of annular channels with a twisting is offered. Features of boiling, origination of heat transfer crisis and results of visualization of a two-phase flow structure in annular channels with twisting are described.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Image classification with datasets that suffer from great imbalanced class distribution is a challenging task in computer vision field. In many real-world problems, the datasets are typically imbalanced and have a serious impact on the performance of classifiers. Although deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have shown remarkable performance on image classification tasks in recent years, there are still few effective deep learning algorithms specifically for imbalanced image classification problems. To solve imbalanced image classification problem, in this paper, we explore a new deep learning algorithm called Squeeze-and-Excitation Deep Pyramidal Residual Network (SE-PyramidNet) combining with Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based curriculum learning. Firstly, we construct the refined Deep Pyramidal Residual Network by embedding the "Squeeze-and-Excitation" (SE) blocks. Secondly, towards the class imbalance problem, we adopt GAN to generate samples of minority classes. Finally, we draw lessons from the curriculum learning strategy by teaching our classifier training from original easy samples to generated complex samples, which improves the classification ability. Experimental results show that our method achieves around 0.5% gains for accuracy and 0.02 gains for F1 score respectively outperforming the state-of-the-art DCNNs.


Reducing end-to-end streaming latency is critical to HTTP-based live video streaming. There are currently two technologies in this domain: Low-Latency HTTP Live Streaming (LL-HLS) and Low-Latency Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (LL-DASH). Many players support LL-HLS and/or LL-DASH protocols, including Apple's AVPlayer, Shaka player, HLS.js Dash.js, and others. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the performance of low-latency players and streaming protocols. The evaluation is based on a series of live streaming experiments, repeated using identical video content, encoders, encoding profiles, and network conditions, emulated by using traces of real-world networks. Several performance metrics, such as average stream bitrate, the amounts of downloaded media data, streaming latency, as well as buffering and stream switching statistics are captured and reported in our experiments. These results are subsequently used to describe the observed differences in the performance of LL-HLS and LL-DASH-based players.


The CO insertion reaction for the complex [Fe(CO)2(PMe3)2(Me)(CN)] is second order in many solvents. The solvent effect on the kinetics and the equilibria is very small. This fact is attributed to the small interaction between the reactive intermediate and the solvent, and to the small variation of the dipole moment during the course of the reaction.


In 2008–2010, in a field experiment, the yield and the quality of sage herb of Polish cultivar Bona in organic and conventional cultivation were tested. The experiment was established in four different locations. Fresh and dried herb yield, stem content, seed yield, weight of 1000 kernels, essential oil content and its composition, and microbiological purity of the dried herb were evaluated. The highest yield of sage herb was obtained in experiments in Plewiska (conventional) and Słońsk (organic). Satisfactory yields of sage seeds were obtained in both systems. The essential oil content and composition did not depend on location. Evaluation of microbiological purity showed that contamination of the herb from either type of cultivation did not exceed standards for raw materials treated with hot water. Sage cv. Bona can successfully be cultivated in an organic system.


Received: Jun 11, 2019 Accepted: Jul 08, 2019 Published Online: Jul 11, 2019 Journal: Annals of Biotechnology Publisher: MedDocs Publishers LLC Online edition: http://meddocsonline.org/ Copyright: © Guida V (2019). This Article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License *Corresponding Author(s): Valentina Guida Istituto CSS-Mendel, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy Tel: +39-06-44160510, Fax: +39-06-44160548, Email: email@example.com Annals of Biotechnology


quil poem full of closely observed domestic and agricultural detail, it is almost operatic in effect, almost self-indulgently, swaggeringly romantic. And yet it isn't a glib line because other Frost poems about spring, written both earlier and later, justify its force by revealing both how much Frost meant the line (how "sincere" he was in it), and what he meant by it. In Frost's nature symbology, early springtime, in its fresh, frail, and transient beauty, is the reflected image of all human dreams and desires. In a world where summer and autumn are


The1purpose of this study was to1investigate the effect of1transformational1leadership1on employee creativity 1with perceived organizational1Support as mediating1variables, data1were collected1using a questionnaire and1distributed 72 employees at PT Pelindo1II Teluk Bayur, samples1returned and could be1processed by 42 respondents, data1were processed1using PLS The1results of the analysis in this study1indicate that perceived Transformational 1Leadership and 1Perceived Organizational Support do not1have a positive effect on Employee1Creativity, Perceived1Organizational Support does not1have a positive effect1mediating between Transformational1Leadership on Employee Creativity, 1Transformational Leadership1positive influences1Perceived Organizational1Support. Keywods : Transformasional Leadership, Employee Creativity, Perceived Organizational Support


A number of preconceptual plug designs for an underground nuclear waste repository were to be evaluated based on the available information on plug materials and placement techniques. Because of complex environment and loading conditions, long time frame under consideration, rigid performance characteristics and considerable uncertainties present in preconceptual design and material properties, a qualitative and judgmental evaluation procedure was needed to supplement technical studies. A structured procedure was developed to qualitatively capture evaluator's views and reservations on the proposed preconceptual schemes. Since a thorough evaluation of each proposed plug scheme required in-depth experience and familiarity with many components of the plug, three knowledgeable experts with specialties in the most relevant aspects of the problem were independently interviewed. Each plug scheme was broken down into three subcomponents and each subcomponent was evaluated separately. The proposed schemes were then rated taking their subcomponents into consideration. Because the experts had different specialties, their subcomponent and overall ratings were not in full agreement. Each plug scheme's lowest overall rating was used as the most significant determinant of the judgmental preference categories reported in this study. The approach used discriminated between the proposed schemes for those with highest probability of being successful. The most preferredmore » schemes were then reviewed with respect to the data produced in the technical analysis performed during the project. The results of the judgmental analysis were then synthesized and modified with results of the technical analysis to produce the preconceptual plug designs.« less


importance of turbulence as a factor in increasing size of aortic aneurysms. A prerequisite for this study was the development of a satisfactory experimental aneurysm for study. To accomplish this, the method of aneurysm formation with vein sutured to the side of a large artery as described by German and Black' was adapted to the abdominal aorta of dogs. Turbulence in aneurysms so formed was then studied with the mercury strain gauge plethysmograph.


Citation for published version (APA): Brennan, A., Brown, M., Knappett, J., McMillan, C., Aldaikh, H., Small, A. A., & Morrow, D. R. (2017). Model Testing of Recovery Loads for Decommissioning Skirted Subsea Structures. In Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics: Smarter Solutions for Future Offshore Developments: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference, held 12–14 September 2017 at the Royal Geographical Society, London (Vol. 1-2, pp. 749-756). Society for Underwater Technology. https://doi.org/10.3723/OSIG17.749


Chassis dynamometer testing in connection with high-resolution FTIR spectroscopy was used to measure exhaust emissions of nitrous oxide(N₂O) and methane(CH₄) from a representative fleet of several vehicles. Exhaust emissions were collected for three driving cycles: CVS-75, NEDC(ECE+EUDC), KIER city mode. The average N₂O and CH₄ emissions are increased in driving cycle with higher average speed and aggressive driving condition, as expected. The previously reported conversion factors of CH₄/THC and N₂O/NO x could not be supported in LPG-powered and diesel vehicles with DPF.


PurposeThis study evaluates the implementation of ISO 9001 using total quality management on the engineering, procurement and construction phases in the Jordanian construction sector.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative design has been employed with a total of 132 project team members selected from 5 construction organizations working in Jordan. A close-ended questionnaire was used to gather data which was later evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsThe results show a significant role in project performance, customer satisfaction, project quality, cost-effectiveness, time effectiveness, shared cooperation and motivation of employees. It emphasizes the role of engineering in achieving the ISO 9001 standard. Quality standards in the construction project were also endorsed by 46.2% of participants, while 33.3% responded neutrally. The time effectiveness aspects of ISO 9001 endorsed by 38.5% participants 33.3% participants disagreed. Majority of the managers (61.5%) agreed that poor planning is a major barrier in the engineering phase (p-value, 0.011), followed by the incomplete design (56.4%) as the prime impeding factors linked to the decline of the quality in the construction sector.Originality/valueWith the integration of the ISO 9001 quality standard, project managers can improve the project quality and make it cost-effective. The successful adaptation of the ISO 9001 certification allows the company to not only market its product/service but also internally audit itself for the possible deficits in its work capacity.


Although land management was a government concern at the time of Vichy, it was
not formally organised until 1963. DATAR (Delegation for Territorial Planning and
Regional Action) was set up so as not to get in the way of existing institutions. Before
becoming a bureaucracy it was a light structure with considerable authority, the latter
soon weakening as the administration passed from one ministry to another. Yet DATAR
remained creative and innovating, pulling its weight indirectly by means of foresight,
encouragement and assistance, but never finding favour with government policies. Was
it an administration with a purpose ? What was its role in land planning ? DATAR was
a true political and administrative entrepreneur, a leader of change in administrative
practices, its modes of action moving in parallel with the evolution of the state : it tended
towards centralisation in a centralised state and became more of a negotiator and more
open to governance in the context of decentralisation.


This paper discusses the significance of fostering the innovation quality of college students, as well as how to cultivate the innovation quality of college students in seven aspects


This paper describes a novel rivet fastener made with shape memory polymer (SMP). Shape recovery and modulus change are main two properties of SMPs that enable themselves to be promising base materials for fasteners. The new type of fastener was used to join two composite parts of a meso-scale robot. The fabrication procedure includes macro molding and subsequent laser machining in order to enhance manufacturability, and change size and design on demand. By pull-off experiment it was demonstrated that one single rivet can endure 8N of disengagement force. We applied this fastener to meso-scale flea robot and verified its feasibility.


Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS; Body@Work Research Center on Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU/VUmc, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, U.S.A.; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, U.S.A.; Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Hoofddorp, THE NETHERLANDS; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, U.S.A.; MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston MA, U.S.A.