A model for multi‐expert multi‐criteria decision making (ME‐MCDM) is proposed and defined in a consensus‐reaching process. A decision problem is considered, in which a group of experts are involved in the evaluation of the performances of a set of alternatives with respect to a predefined set of criteria. The main novelty of the present consensus model is that of being guided by both consensus and false consensus effects. One finding in studies examining intuitive predictions of the preference is the false consensus effect, which represents the tendency to overestimate consensus for one's attitudes and behaviors. The purpose is to evaluate a consensual judgement whether the consensus degree is partly due to expert's failure to recognize that their choices not only depend on the "objective" response alternatives but also on their subjective structure. In this context, expert's own beliefs, values, and habits tend to bias their perception of how widely they are shared. Our study contributes by investigating the impact of the description of the choice option and the form of the judgement task on the magnitude of the agreement in the case of the presence of the false consensus effect. The consensus reaching process is modeled within fuzzy set theory by ordered weighted averaging operators. Our study contributes by investigating the magnitude of the presence of the false consensus effect. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Highly efficient capillary electrochromatographic separations of cardiac glycosides and other steroids are presented. Employing butyl‐derivatized silica particles as stationary phase resulted in a nearly three times faster electroosmotic flow (EOF) compared to capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with octadecyl silica particles. On‐column focusing with a preconcentration factor of 180 was performed and separation efficiencies of up to 240 000 plates per meter were obtained. Using label‐free standard UV absorbance, detection limits of 10–80 nM were reached for all steroids tested. For screening of cardiac glycosides, e.g., digoxin and digitoxin in mixtures of steroids, CEC was combined with immunoaffinity extraction using immobilized polyclonal anti‐digoxigenin antibodies and Fab fragments. Simply adding small amounts of antibody carrying particles to the samples and comparing chromatograms before and after antibody addition allowed screening for high affinity antigens in mixtures with moderate numbers of compounds. Under conditions of competing antigens, affinity fingerprints of immobilized anti‐digoxigenin and anti‐digitoxin antibodies were obtained, reflecting the cross‐reactivity of eleven steroids. The method provides high selectivity due to the combination of bioaffinity interaction with highly efficient CEC separation and UV detection at several wavelengths in parallel. This selectivity was exploited for the detection of four cardiac glycosides in submicromolar concentrations in an untreated urine sample.


The success of new social networking systems for residents of inner-city neighborhoods depends on the software's ability to animate and support meaningful interaction proximate users, to network serendipitous social encounters, and to seamlessly with the way interaction takes place in existing urban social networks


On the opinion of Marxism,man is the liveliest factor of the forces of production.Because the human has the subjective initiative,therefore plays the main role in the social produce.In knowledge economy time,reserving talented person means gathering the energy;losing the talented person means losing the development.There is the congenital superiority to develop culture industry in Western region because there are rich and useful natural culture resources.Along with carrying out talent strategy of cultural science and technology,western culture industry will become one important mainstay industry in our national economy.


Disaster relief work is combined work of different fields and units, the integrated disaster relief system of Federal Emergency System of US is a set of comprehensive disaster prevention and relief direct and control system, and plays important role in disaster prevention and emergence response. Analysis and investigation of the structure, function and operation practice of the system are useful to improve the existed disaster relief system of China.


The utility model provides an RO film self-priming pump preventing a diaphragm from water leakage, and aims to solve the problems that after the RO self-priming pump is used for a period, the sealing performance of the diaphragm is lowered, and consequently water leakage is caused. The shape structure of the diaphragm, a rocking end and a wafer is improved, the sealing performance of the diaphragm is enhanced, and the diaphragm is effectively prevented from water leakage.


Top fixed torsion bar spring double-wishbone independent suspension is one of very intri-cate forms,its kinetics analysis has important reference value for tyre wear and the performances of vehi-cle.The first,the virtue model is set up in ADAMS/CAR software,by contrasting the theory values and simulation values of initial alignment parameters,to validate the model be right.Then setting rational range of wheel travel,to make parallel wheel travel simulation,at last obtain 5 kinematics performance curves.By analysis the curves'change trend,knowing the change of wheel displacement overstep the general range,can lead serious tyre wear and bad linear running ability.


In this interview with the journal "Esprit", Roger Chartier speaks about various "disputed questions" in the field of history: these include the crisis of historical knowledgre through the redefinition of the statute of the social subject, and the narrative character of historical discourse; the results of hist research on the modern transformation of the relations between the public and the private concerning the uses of reading; the revolution in the movements of historical casualty and, finally, concerning the utility of the new definition of "representation".


This study examines the spatial distribution of markets and its impact on household travel patterns in Akure, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for the research. The coordinates of locations of markets were obtained using a hand held Geographical Position System (GPS) and determined by measured using the 'Ruler' menu of ArcGIS 10.3.1 software. A structured questionnaire was designed to elicit information on household travel patterns. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, the findings reveal that market is randomly distributed. A linear association exits between distance travel to market and household mode choice of transportation and it is significant at 0.05%. Inadequate transport services and traffic congestion are problems faced by households in Akure on their trips to markets. The study concludes that more periodic or daily markets should be provided in some localities that do not have in Akure and similar other cities in Nigeria.


How to extract the seismic attribution to describe the spatial distribution of reservoirs was a basis for fractured reservoir evaluation.Through researching the seismic attribution extraction of carbonate reservoirs on the top of Yijianfang Formation(O2y)of Ordovician System in Block A of Western Region of Northern Tarim Uplift,the suitable techniques and methods related to prediction of fractured carbonate reservoirs were discussed.In the process of research,the geometry and kymatology of seismic attribution were used to study fractured reservoir prediction methods based on the theory of fracture origin.Firstly EGI and AFE attribution and simultaneous inversion method of fractured reservoir were researched.By extracting seismic attribution,the difficult exploration appearances,it provides reference for similar reservoir prediction.


Abstract The majority of patients within medium secure units in England and Wales suffer from schizophrenia. Family interventions are of proven benefit in the management of this illness. A telephone survey was undertaken to gain an understanding of the use of this technique in medium secure facilities, what limited its availability and what problems were encountered in its use in a secure setting. Family therapy was used relatively infrequently, with several services not convinced of its benefits. In services that did undertake such work there were no set criteria and little reference was made to the importance of the level of expressed emotion within the family. The type of work undertaken also varied considerably. The work was not routinely supervised by trained therapists and this may explain its poor focus. Most services reported a lack of appropriately trained staff as a factor limiting the availability of family work. There is strong evidence for the need to train staff in this technique for use in ...


This paper presents the performance evaluation and comparison of various concatenated error correcting codes using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme. Three concatenated error correcting code pair i.e. Convolutional-Hamming, Convolutional-Cyclic, Convolutional-Bose, Chaudhuri Hocquenghem is designed and the BER performance was measured for an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. All pairs of concatenated codes have been compared in terms of bit error rate & energy per bit to noise power ratio and their performance reflects their error correcting capability. All simulation was done using MATLAB R2009a Simulink software. In general Convolutional-Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem demonstrate better performance compared to Convolutional-Hamming and Convolutional-Cyclic concatenation pairs.


Arc rupture surface is formed when retaining walls are destroyed. By a nalyzing the balance of micro unit, the formula of passive earth pressure and th e application point of its are given, then the example is presented.


Numerical solutions of high-speed microdroplet impact onto a smooth solid surface are computed, using the interFoam VoF solver of the OpenFOAM CFD package. Toward the solid surface, the liquid microdroplet is moving with an impinging gas flow, simulating the situation of ink droplets being deposited onto substrate with a collimated mist jet in the Optomec Aerosol Jet printing process. The computed values of maximum spread factor, for the range of parameters of practical interest to Aerosol Jet printing, were found in very good agreement with some of the correlation formulas proposed by previous authors in the literature. Combining formulas selected from different authors with appropriate modifications yields a maximum spread factor formula that can be used for first-order evaluations of deposited in droplet size during the Aerosol Jet technology development. The computational results also illustrate droplet impact dynamics with lamella shape evolution throughout the spreading, receding-relaxation, and wetting equilibrium phases, consistent with that observed and described by many previous authors. This suggests a scale-invariant nature of the basic droplet impact behavior such that experiments with larger droplets at the same nondimensional parameter values may be considered for studying microdroplet impact dynamics. Significant free surface oscillations can be observed when the droplet viscosity is relatively low. The border line between periodic free surface oscillations and aperiodic creeping to capillary equilibrium free surface shape appears at the value of Ohnesorge number around 0.25. Droplet bouncing after receding is prompted with large contact angles at solid surface (as consistent with findings reported in the literature), but can be suppressed by increasing the droplet viscosity.


Background: Maternal and child health is one of the priority areas in Indian context, particularly in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of the country. Institutional deliveries are prioritized as one of the important means to reduce MMR and IMR. The current study aims to estimate and compare the out of pocket expenditure associated with institutional deliveries in EAG states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in India. Methodology: The study was conducted through secondary analysis of NFHS 4 data. The study adheres to the approach of ecological study design and aims at comparing the OOPE and its variations at the state level. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Statistics of mean, standard deviation and 95% confidence levels for OOPE were computed and compared. Results: Uttar Pradesh had the highest OOPE with mean OOPE for institutional delivery of INR 7616.77, 95% CI (7310.26 – 7923.28), Chhattisgarh had the least OOPE with mean OOPE per institutional delivery being INR 3917.80, 95% CI (3513.40 4294.25). Presence/absence of health insurance had profound impact on the OOPE. Institutional deliveries in UP which were not covered under any Insurance had mean OOPE of INR 11596.54, 95% CI (8832.62 – 14360.45), on contrary institutional deliveries in Chhattisgarh which were covered under insurance schemes had OOPE of INR 3964.84, 95% CI (3220.70 – 4709.00) Conclusion: While OOPE fluctuated with insurance and other socio-demographic factors, existence of inter-state differences reflects on the importance of health service availability in reducing OOPE. Interventions focussing on reducing OOPE should also focus on health system strengthening by improving availability and accessibility of health services.


An axisymmetric bending analysis of four-parameter functionally graded annular plate under uniform tra nsverse load is studied. Generalization of four-parameter power-law distribu tion presented in literature is proposed. Four kind s of material profiles through the functionally graded annular plate thickness are illustrated by varying the four parameters of powe r-law distribution. Generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is used to dis cretize the system of governing equations. The conv ergence of the method is illustrated and the validation of the results is done by a comparison with another study which availab le in the literature and good agreement between two studies was found.


Abstract We used video surveillance at 4 wildlife underpasses along 27 km of Arizona State Route 260, USA, to monitor elk (Cervus elaphus) responses to traffic volume and traffic type during underpass use. Passage rates at the highest traffic category (>10–27 vehicles/min) were not lower than passage rates when no vehicles were present, whereas passage rates at low, intermittent traffic volume (>0–1 vehicles/min) were 15% lower. Once elk entered an underpass, semi-trailer trucks were 4 times more likely than passenger vehicles to cause flight behavior when traffic levels were intermittent versus when traffic was continuous. Overall, traffic volumes of >10–27 vehicles per minute did not decrease the effectiveness of wildlife underpasses as a means of mitigating elk population subdivision. However, if flight away from underpasses at intermediate traffic levels causes elk to cross the highway at other points and thereby increases the potential for costly elk–vehicle collisions, we recommend that managers consider measures to reduce traffic noise and visual stimuli, especially those caused by semi-trailer trucks.


The contributions made on the research of synonymies in this work are reflected in three aspects:1)constructing a meaning net with the theory of "meaning the same";2)setting criterion to the terms of "duiwen"(same language context)and "sanwen"(different language context);3)collecting the most representative explanations of synonymies appearing in various classic works.


Online, more and more forms of social proof can be found, however are firms implementing it effectively? This thesis delivers useful insights on the online implementation of social proof, which is relatively unique, because not much research has been conducted yet in this field. The main emphasis in this thesis lies on possible methods to strengthen the message that an online social proof design communicates, making it appear more trustworthy and hence increasing the likelihood of an online purchase. To establish this, the working conditions of social proof and the three main components of trust (benevolence, ability and integrity) will be carefully analyzed. This research is divided in three main parts. In the first section, a thorough literature analyses will contribute to developing a broad understanding of social proof, trust and the online market environment. Then, an online survey will act as a preliminary analysis, delivering interesting insights about a consumer's state of mind online and the effect of specific social proof designs. Third, a field experiment will be set up, in cooperation with Philips, discovering whether social proof connected to consumer reviews and an inclusion of the three components of trust can positively influence its effect and eventually persuade more consumers to buy a Philips airfryer. The results are obtained through a conducted A/B test at Philips and the social proof designs are created together with the persuasive design company Buyerminds. All in all, these three sections are constructed to find an answer on the main research question: Can the effect of social proof on the decision processes of consumers online, be positively influenced, by connecting it to consumer reviews and incorporating components of trust in the design?


In this second part of the paper, the one-dimensional transistor model presented in Part I [1] is extended to the two-dimensional case, i.e., to real transistors. For this, well-known effects like emitter current crowding, emitter sidewall injection, and collector current spreading in the epitaxial collector were roughly taken into account, as well as the modulation of the internal base resistance. Furthermore, methods for determining the model parameters are given. For checking the model, high-speed transistors (fT≈ 7 GHz) with small emitter stripes ( ≈2 µm) were fabricated. Experimental results agree well with the simulated ones for both the dc characteristics and the (more important) switching behavior even far within the high-current region. Switching times, measured for single transistors, were in the range of 100 to 200 ps, typical of modern high-speed integrated circuits. The complete model, which is called HICUM (from "high-current model"), was already implemented in the circuit analysis program SPICE 2.


We describe an algorithm to compute bases of antisymmetric vector-valued cusp forms with rational Fourier coefficients for the Weil representation associated to a finite quadratic module. The forms we construct always span all cusp forms in weight at least three. These formulas are useful for computing explicitly with theta lifts.


This research was supported by a Student Research Grant from the University of Castilla La Mancha (FPI grant, code PRINCET 02/11/2007) and by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2011-28727).


A sequence A = {ai} of positive integers a, 1. a log a p og a<n, aEA p<n, p pnme This would then partially settle a question of Erdos who asked if this inequality holds for any primitive sequence A .


The application of workflow technology was researched, based on it, Workflow engine OSWorkflow is used in software defect track system, divide the definition of defect track flow from scheduler, accordingly the system has good reusability and maintainability.


The invention discloses a transverse wave couplant for power station boiler steel pipe inner wall oxide-film high frequency ultrasonic measurement, and a preparation method thereof. The transverse wave couplant is prepared by honey and a mixture of one or more than one carbohydrate. Compared with the prior art, the transverse wave couplant has the advantages of: (1) cheap and easily available raw material: most common carbohydrate in the market; (2) easy cleaning: compared with a common machine oil industrial couplant, the transverse wave couplant can be cleaned only by water flushing or paper towel wiping; (3) pure natural raw material which has no poisonous effects and possesses high safety; (4) neutrality: the transverse wave couplant is difficult to corrode an ultrasonic transducer and an object for measurement, and has a wider application scope; (5) viscosity greater than 300mpa: the transverse wave couplant is suitable for various supersonic reflectoscopes; and (6) sound detection effect: the transverse wave couplant is innovative at home, greatly accelerates domestic ultrasonic wave transverse wave detection development, and has high market values and bright application prospects.


Excerpt To the Editors:Growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenocarcinoma with clear evidence of distant metastasis has been unequivocally documented in only five patients (1, 2). We report the case of a...


1. Prosser DE, Guo YD, Jia Z, Jones G. Structural motif-based homology modeling of CYP27A1 and site-directed mutational analyses affecting vitamin D hydroxylation. Biophys J 2006;90: 3389-409. 2. Fraser D. The relation between infantile hypercalcemia and vitamin D — public health implications in North America. Pediatrics 1967;40:1050-61. 3. Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2011. 4. Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med 2001;345:66-7. 5. Lowe H, Cusano NE, Binkley N, Blaner WS, Bilezikian JP. Vitamin D toxicity due to a commonly available "over the counter" remedy from the Dominican Republic. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:291-5.


C# has a convenient way to create iterators (Microsoft 2017) using the yield return statement. The package (Lauwens 2017a) provides the same functionality for the Julia language (Bezanson et al. 2017) by introducing the @resumable and the @yield macros. These macros can be used to replace the Task switching functions produce and consume which were deprecated in Julia v0.6. Channels are the preferred way for inter-task communication in julia v0.6+, but their performance is subpar for iterator applications.


ObjectiveTo study the relationship between the patients' anxiety and their family coping methods in emergency and critical internal medicine.MethodsInvestigate 200 emergency and critical patients in internal medical department and their families randomly from June 2004 to May 2005.Patients' anxiety is evaluated by condition-anxiety questionnaire after conversations with nurses.Families are investigated by coping method questionnaire designed by Wang Xiangdong,etc.Then analyze the result combined with patients' emotion.ResultsThe condition of patients' anxiety: There is significant difference between Chinese norms(38.97±8.45) and the average scores tested by condition-anxiety questionnaire of the 200 patients with anxiety(48.09±7.84)(P0.05),which is higher.The analysis of family coping: There is no significant difference between family members' age,gender,education level,the relationship with the patient and the method of family coping.Families with monthly incomes lower than 2000 have the highest scores of passive reaction(P0.05).There are positive relationship between patients' anxiety and their families passive reaction(P0.01).ConclusionNurses should attach importance to the effect of the relations,instruct them to avoid passive reaction,help patients to lighten and eliminate anxiety.


Preface 1. A Bit of History: The Board Leaders Who Didnt 2. Courts, Regulators, and Shareholders Ask Whos in Charge Here? 3. How SOX Put the Board in Charge 4. Demanding New Disclosures from the Board 5. Inventing the Independent Board Leader 6. Three Models, Three Philosophies, of Leadership 7. A Leaders Role: When Independent Directors Meet Behind Closed Doors 8. A Leaders Role: Evaluation of the Board and Its Governance 9. A Leaders Role: Shaping Logistics the Board Actually Needs 10. A Leaders Role: Liaison With the Board, and With the CEO 11. A Leaders Role: Conducting the Board Meetings 12. A Leaders Role: Board and Director Education 13. A Boardroom Reality Check 14. The Independent Board Chair: In Search of Role Models 15. The Independent Board Chair: Less Than Meets the Eye 16. The Independent Board Chair: Taking the Lead 17. The Combined CEO/Chairman: Coping With New Realities 18. Lead/Presiding Directors: Giving the Board Its Own Voice 19. Leading the Boards Committees: Where the Action Is 20. Governance/Nominating Committees: Teaching the Board to Govern Board 21. Audit Committees: Swearing by the Numbers 22. Compensation Committees: Managing the CEOs Paydays 23. Board Leadership Pitfalls, Or, How Hewlett-Packard Fixed Its Leaks 24. Boardroom Leaderships Unanswered Questions 25. Tomorrows Board Leaders Notes Index


Objective:To study the influences of different ages and length of service in prison polices to blood pressure in the same environment.Methods:To collect the physical examination results for prison polices from southwest regiment-level military hospital.To enquire about the age,the length of service,occupational history,history of alcohol intake and history of hypertension of examinees.To compare the count data by chi-square test.Results:At the same age and the similar length of service,the prevalence rate of hypertension in the male prison polices was higher than female prison police's,the older and the longer of length of service,the higher prevalence rate of hypertension of prison police were.Conclusion:Under the special working environment,a long-term mental stress and pressure continue to load conditions,the blood pressure will increase,the prevalence rate of hypertension will rise with the prolonging of exposure time.


The results of CCD photometry of the optical counterpart (V801 Arae) of the X-ray burst source 4U/MXB 1636-53, obtained between 1984 and 1988 are reported. From these data, and additional measurements discussed previously, a linear orbital ephemeris P(orb) = 3.803878 + or - 0.000022 h covering the interval between 1980 and 1988 is derived. The results confirm that substantial night-to-night variations occur in the shape of the light curve, superposed on the periodic brightness variations. No evidence is found for a relation between orbital phase and the delays of optical bursts relative to the coincident X-ray bursts. The variation with orbital phase of the corresponding ratios of optical to X-ray burst fluences and peak fluxes does not follow the average optical light curve. These results suggest that substantial long-term changes occur in the spatial distribution of reprocessing matter in the binary system.


This paper reports the measurement of dynamic thermal conductivity of fluids for different Reynolds numbers in the laminar flow region. The fluids that have been traditionally used for heat transfer applications are water, ethylene glycol and engine oil. There are a number of possible ways of improving the thermal conductivity, each suitable for a limited range of materials, depending on the thermal properties and the medium temperature. We propose to use nano particles with base fluids to improve the heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity. But before that we needed the values of dynamic thermal conductivity of base fluids without nanoparticles. This paper discusses the results obtained in this regard. Generally, the values of thermal conductivity given in literature are for static fluid and not for the flowing fluid. Here, we have measured the values of thermal conductivity for a flowing fluid by varying the flow rates and temperature differences.


Locoregional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may progress rapidly and/or disseminate despite having an early stage at diagnostic imaging. A prolonged interval from imaging to resection might represent a risk factor for encountering tumour progression at laparotomy. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic window for timely surgical intervention.


Model predictive control is a widely used optimal control method for robot path planning and obstacle avoidance. This control method, however, requires a system model to optimize control over a finite time horizon and possible trajectories. Certain types of robots, such as soft robots, continuum robots, and transforming robots, can be challenging to model, especially in unstructured or unknown environments. Kinematic-model-free control can overcome these challenges by learning local linear models online. This paper presents a novel perception-based robot motion controller, the kinematic-model-free predictive controller, that is capable of controlling robot manipulators without any prior knowledge of the robot's kinematic structure and dynamic parameters and is able to perform end-effector obstacle avoidance. Simulations and physical experiments were conducted to demonstrate the ability and adaptability of the controller to perform simultaneous target reaching and obstacle avoidance.


Pound and Bracken's argument that much animal research is poorly designed, uncritically analysed, and wasteful should not be interpreted as support for the anti-vivisectionists who would ban all animal experiments.1

The article implied that, in recent years, animal research had not led directly to major advances in human health. However, three life saving treatments in neonatal medicine would not have been given ethical approval for clinical trial if high quality animal models …


In Ragtime,E.L.Doctorrow breaks the tradition and uses some unique postmodernist techniques such as mysterious narrator,montage,newsreels and sketch,which not only deepen the theme and also achieve great artistic effects.


Objective To analyze the papers published in journal of Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases.Methods A total of 8 terms of Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases distrituted in 2009-2010 were collected,the published papers were statistically analyzed from the aspects such as the distribution of authors,citations and fund projects.Results Totally 180 papers were published in the journal of Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases in 2009-2010;the authors distributed in 13 provinces(municipalities),and main in Sichuan province(67.22%);16 foundation papers were published,accounted for 8.89%.Conclusion The journal of Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases has clear purpose of running the journal,with its own characteristics.


Fontana Tephra has been generated by a large basaltic-andesitic plinian eruption in the Late-Pleistocene in the Masaya area, west-central Nicaragua, at the Central American subduction zone. The eruption evolved through several plinian fallout phases, alternating with phreatomagmatically-affected plinian fallout activity. The minimum estimate of the total erupted tephra volume amounts to 1.4 to 1.8 km3. Comparisons of tephra dispersal parameters with theoretical modelling results suggest eruption column heights between 24 and 30 km. The eruption was powered by exsolution of magmatic water. The gas chemistry of melt inclusions and matrix glasses as determined by SIMS, supported by petrographic observations, indicate a retarded degassing process in disequilibrium with the pressure release during magma ascent in the conduit, associated with a substantial volatile supersaturation. This sudden vesiculation process, combined with the high temperature and rapid ascent of the magma is considered to be responsible for the unusual plinian eruptive style of the mafic Fontana magma. High magmatic bromine and iodine contents, positively correlating with high Ba-La ratios, indicate strong sediment recycling through the subduction zone.


Studies of these basic SE&C operations can be found in a number of classic geometry texts; see (Courant and Robbins, 1941; Martin, 1998), for example. The idea is to show that, given a line segment of unit length, we can construct segments with the length of any rational number a/b ∈ Q as well as any expression involving rational numbers and the operation of taking square roots. Proving that these are the only kinds of lengths that can be constructed with SE&C requires carefully considering the kinds of equations we obtain when locating the intersection points of two circles, a circle and a line, or two lines, and then proving that repeated use of such intersections gives us the smallest field extension of the rationals that is closed under square roots. See (Cox, 2004, Section 10.1). Performing such an analysis on straight-crease, single-fold origami is more perplexing because the tools we have are more flexible. There are many different ways in which we can determine a crease when folding, say, a square sheet of paper, especially if there are pre-creases already made in the paper. Classifying all the basic operations of origami and proving that there cannot be any more has been a controversial topic, let alone studying the algebra of such folds. Before trying to formulate a list of basic origami operations, we will first familiarize ourselves with paper folding's variety by way of some construction examples. The majority of readers will not have seen these types of explicit geometric paper folding methods before, and exposure to such examples can be a big intuition-builder before undertaking more abstract analysis. Plus, they're fun. Readers are encouraged to try them.


Ethics constitute an integral part of medical and surgical practice. Surgery's mainstay is the operative training, specific mindset of surgeon and willingness of the patients. With the increasing consumer's awareness so many times legal issues related to ignorance or mal-handling of the patient are raised. To avoid such issues one should follow the rules of Good Surgical Practices. In Ayurveda, the model code for practice of surgery has been established. These ethics bound the surgeon to exercise his duties to serve the suffering humanity. Incorporation of ethics, as described in Ayurveda; necessitates the competence of surgeon, getting consent, to develop the virtues of integrity, compassion and self effacement, to maintain good relation with co-professionals, to abstain from making false claims, advertisements and malpractices. Ayurvedic code of conduct and ethics should be endorsed with zeal in the present surgical practice. Key words: Surgery, Ayurveda, consent, ethics


The invention relates to a laundry detergent, especially to a brightening laundry detergent. The laundry detergent comprises the following ingredients, by weight, 15-35% of a surfactant, 1-3% of esterquats, 2-5% of alkyl glycoside, 0.3-1.5% of powdered soap, 1-3% of a cordate houttuynia extract product, 0.2-0.4% of a preservative, 1-2% of a thickening agent, 0.5-1% of sodium citrate, 0.02-0.5% of an improved fluorescent brightening agent, 0.6-4% of an anti-wrinkling agent, 0.6-1.2% of an enzyme preparation and the balance deionized water. The brightening laundry detergent can soften natural fibre fabric clothes so as to reduce wrinkling of the clothes, is nonirritating to human body and has efficient brightening efficacy.


Accurate coding is an important function of neurologic practice. This section of , contributed by members of the AAN Medical Economics and Management Committee, includes a table of helpful coding information related to the issue topic. The table may include diagnosis coding, Evaluation and Management (E/M) coding, procedure coding, or a combination, depending on which is most useful for the subject area of the issue. An example of coding to the highest level of specificity and using additional codes is for a patient with Wilson disease and dementia. The most specific and, therefore, primary code is 275.1, disorder of copper metabolism. An additional code is used for dementia without behavioral disturbance (294.10) or with behavioral disturbance (294.11). The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) is an old classification system, dating to 1975. Great advances in understanding genetic neurodegenerative and neurometabolic disorders have been made in the past 35 years. Annual updates to the ICD-9-CM attempt to capture current knowledge within the framework of the existing system, which cannot accommodate many more new codes, resulting in limited and scattered entries. Address correspondence to Dr Carmela L. Tardo, 604 Mulligan Way, Saint Augustine, FL 32080, firstname.lastname@example.com. Relationship Disclosure: Dr Tardo reports no disclosure. Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Tardo reports no disclosure. Copyright * 2011, American Academy of Neurology. All rights reserved. Practice


Designs for extraction level layouts used in block caving mines may vary in terms of geometrical configuration and dimensions. The design of the extraction level in caving mines is mainly based on maximizing ore recovery at a low cost under safe and stable conditions. In this paper, we analysed the extraction level layouts commonly used as well as variations proposed with a specific focus on stability and productivity. The El Teniente layout was used as a base case with dimensions of 15 × 17.32 m 2 , production and extraction drifts of 4.3 × 3.6 m 2 , LHD of 7 yd 3 and a productivity of 3,000 tpd per production drift. This base case was compared with three layouts: the Herringbone layout, a modified, enlarged El Teniente layout, and a modified, enlarged Square layout. Productivity was analysed through stochastic simulations using the software Arena; stability analysis used Examine3D software. Results indicated that in the new proposed layouts−the modified El Teniente layout and the modified Square layout−productivity increased by 33% and 39%, respectively, whereas the cycle time decreased by 23% and 25% with regards to the base case. In terms of stability, the Herringbone layout had the best safety conditions on the walls of the production and extraction drifts, whereas the modified, enlarged El Teniente layout had the best safety conditions on the roofs of the production drift. Finally, it is concluded that the modified layouts can contribute to increasing ore recovery while decreasing the cyle time without sacrificing stability.


Certain types of aroyl compounds such as benzaldehyde, acetophenone, benzophenone, and anthraquinone produce intense gas-phase luminescence in excited nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. This lumines...


Most issue management practitioners and scholars accept that issue management has progressed substantially over 25 years, from primarily a reactive crisis prevention tool to a maturing strategic management discipline. But the terminology used within issue management to define the different management positions has not kept pace with that evolution. In fact some of the language used heavily influences responses to issues and limits the apparent framework of choice. This paper reviews some past efforts to develop appropriate terminology and proposes an alternative lexicon.


Abstract The potential for a large earthquake to cause significant ground shaking has had a defining influence on the evolution of high-rise buildings in the City of Vancouver. However, unlike other major cities along the seismically active west coast of North America, structural steel systems and reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame systems have rarely been used. Virtually all high-rise buildings in Vancouver are concrete shear wall buildings. Older buildings, constructed up until the mid-1980s, typically have thin (200 mm or less) lightly reinforced concrete walls distributed throughout the buildings. A number of factors, such as increased seismic demands and the changing requirements of the Canadian building code, caused a paradigm shift in the 1980s so that today, almost all new high-rise buildings in Vancouver have a large central core that is designed to resist all lateral loads. Typical modern high-rise cores have three independent cantilever walls in one direction that are coupled together in the transverse direction by ductile coupling beams above the door openings on each story. The City of Vancouver has recently declared that the designs of high-rise buildings must attain a new benchmark of architectural creativity. The recent designs that have been proposed for the city include very irregular buildings that are much less likely to be habitable after an earthquake.


Academic achievement of the pupil is the prime concern of educational process. The problem solving ability has been playing a significant role in determining student's academic achievement. Keeping this in view, the present study was designed to examine empirically the effect of problem solving ability on the academic achievement of rural and urban school students. The research was conducted on 250 school students (118 rural & 132 urban) studying in 10 th class CB sE affiliated private schools that were randomly selected from r ohtak district of Haryana s tate. Descriptive survey method was used to elicit opinion of rural & urban school students about their problem solving ability and their academic achievement at school. The problem solving ability of sample was assessed by using Dubey's Problem s olving Ability Test (2006) & for academic achievement of students, the school records i.e. marks obtained by the students in previous (IX th ) class was considered. The data was analyzed statistically by using ANOVA supplemented by t-test. The findings of the study revealed that problem solving ability had significant effect on the academic achievement of the students whereas significant difference was observed in the academic achievement of students studied in urban and rural schools. However, the significant interaction effects of locality and problem solving ability on the academic achievement of the students had been found.


Effective criteria for exponential stability of second-order linear equations based on the positivity of the Cauchy function are proposed. Bounds of the 'smallness' of the deviation of the argument are established under which the equation with retarded argument is still stable if the ordinary differential equation with the same coefficients is stable. Based on the criteria obtained, an applied problem on the regulation of concentration is analyzed


.............................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 A Specific "Way of Proceeding" ............................................................................................................. 4 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................................... 9 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................... 12 Structure of the Study........................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 15 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Mission: What is it and does it really matter? ...................................................................................... 16 Mission and Identity in Catholic Higher Education ............................................................................. 21 Mission-Centered Leadership............................................................................................................... 26 Ignatian Style of Leadership ................................................................................................................. 29 A Big Tent: Jesuit Higher Education ................................................................................................... 32 Challenges to Mission at Jesuit Institutions ......................................................................................... 33 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 40 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................... 40 Methodological Approach .................................................................................................................... 40


It has been argued that transparent displays are beneficial for certain tasks by allowing users to simultaneously see on-screen content as well as the environment behind the display. However, it is yet unclear how much in background awareness users gain and if performance suffers for tasks performed on the transparent display, since users are no longer shielded from distractions. Therefore, we investigate the influence of display transparency on task performance and background awareness in a dual-task scenario. We conducted an experiment comparing transparent displays with conventional displays in different horizontal and vertical configurations. Participants performed an attention-demanding primary task on the display while simultaneously observing the background for target stimuli. Our results show that transparent and horizontal displays increase the ability of participants to observe the background while keeping primary task performance constant.


Task-based language teaching (TBLT) has exceedingly been written in many research reports but research examining the impacts of TBLT on student's reading comprehension remains limited. Recent studies indicate that TBLT is promoting real communication or the exchange of meanings rather than forms. The reading intention is to excerpt meaning from text by developing the literal, inferential, and extrapolative comprehension of readers, and this depends upon both decoding and language comprehension skills. Recently there has been growing interest in developing students' ability to read comprehensibly in a classroom situation. One way to develop students' reading ability is by committing Task-Based Language Teaching in teaching reading. This article explores the impacts of TBLT on three levels of students' reading comprehension, the literal, inferential, and extrapolative comprehension. This research employed a quasi-experimental method involving fifth-semester students of Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Panakukang Makassar. The instruments were reading tests and questionnaires. The data from reading tests were used to figure out the effect of TBLT on students' reading comprehension (literal, inferential, and extrapolative comprehension) by using a t-test while the data from the questionnaire were to figure out the students' motivation. The findings revealed that TBLT has an impact on students reading comprehension. Sequentially, the most evolving level of comprehension was inferential, extrapolative, literal comprehension. Moreover, the result of the questionnaire displayed that the students who were taught through TBLT became more motivated to read in the domain of reading efficacy, reading curiosity, and reading challenge motivation.


Geosynchronous orbit synthetic aperture radar (GEO-SAR) has a good application prospect for its shorter repeat period and a wider swath compared to low Earth orbit SAR. Doppler characteristic of the echo is analyzed. The Doppler history varies frequently in space and approximates a high order signal. A back projection algorithm for high resolution GEO-SAR based on satellite-ground geometry model is preliminarily proposed. Steps of the algorithm are given. The simulation results indicate the algorithm can achieve high resolution image formation in large scene. The azimuth resolution is less than 2m.


1. ABSTRACT The present study was designed to synthesize and characterize the ligand (N′ -[1-2-oxo-2H-chrome-3yl-ethylidene]hydrazinecarbodithionic acid benzyl ester) and its organosilicon complex and also to evaluate their antifertility potentials. The tested doses were given orally to the male albino rats for 45 days at the dose level 30 mg/kg. b.wt./day. Findings of the present investigation mention a decrease in the weight of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicle and highly significant decrease in testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH). Histopathological changes in testes were also studied which show many degenerative changes i.e. spermatogenesis, disruption in normal epithelial organization, decreased number of elongated sperm, depletion in germinal layer and dilatation of interstitial space. In conclusion the study shows that ligand (N ′ -[1-2-oxo-2Hchrome-3yl-ethylidene]-hydrazinecarbodithionic acid benzyl ester) and its silicon complex alter the sex hormones and fertility in rats.


A novel evaluation method combining backward inference with forward inference was proposed to quantitatively evaluate fault degree of deep groove ball bearings with localized defects.The separation-integration strategy was used for modeling the forward infrence.A detailed multi-body dynamic contact model was developed with the assumptions that rolling elements-inner race had multi-DOF and outer race was deformable in radial direction,which was modeled with finite elements(FE).In this model the nonlinear stiffness was obtained by the application of Hertzian elastic contact deformation theory and the localized defects were modeled through surface profile changes.In order to study the influence of the transmission path,the bearing housing was taken into account in bearing model.The backward inference was translated into comparison of geometric distance,and the defects location and size can be determined by inputting the measured features.In order to reduce the relative error,a concept of damage range was introduced to characterize the fault degree by utilizing range code.Finally,the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in quantitative evaluation was verified..


lower dosage or a kind of tolerance ⁄ tachyphylaxis as described in a few other cases of immune phenomena in connection with antiTNF agents. Two cases of blood eosinophilia during treatment with TNFalpha monoclonal antibodies have been reported to the Paul Ehrlich Institute (PEI, German Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines): First, a 48-year-old man under treatment with Remicade (Infliximab) for psoriasis developed an eosinophilia four days after the last infusion. The second case, a 33-year-old woman treated with Humira (Adalimumab) due to rheumatoid arthritis, had signs of Quincke's oedema and distinct eosinophilia seven days after the last infusion of Adalimumab (D. Mentzer personal communication). Blood eosinophilia as a possible adverse effect is listed in the product information of Etanercept (Enbrel ) without providing data on its frequency; Moreover, Etanercept is known to cause eosinophilic cellulitis-like reaction at the site of subcutaneous injection. Certolizumab (Cimzia ) is reported to cause blood eosinophilia in up to 10 of 1000 patients. Wiener et al. report of a 63-year-old woman who developed an acute lung disease with blood eosinophilia during treatment with Infliximab plus Mesasalazine for Colitis ulcerosa. For Adalimumab, there is only one reported case of eosinophilic fasciitis (Wells' syndrome ⁄ recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia). However our patient did not show any pathological cutaneous lesions apart from the initially diagnosed Acrodermatitis conutinua of Hallopeau. No further information about blood eosinophilia as a possible adverse effect of TNF-alpha blockers could be found in the databases of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To our knowledge, this is the first report of intermittent peripheral blood eosinophilia related to the administration of Adalimumab.


We present a framework for semi-automatically acquiring domain knowledge necessary for building lightweight, application ontologies. The approach adopts active learning for semantic annotation of knowledge roles that have been derived from the CommonKADS methodology. We discuss the framework advantages by implementing a lightweight, application ontology for a knowledge management application in a technical domain.


Facing the threshold of session recognize in Web log mining, a frequency analysis method based on time interval is introduced. First, the visitor frequency of user based on scale parameter of time interval is defined as a random vector. The cut-tail algorithm for random vector is also given. Second, a frequency-user IP relevant matrix is set up, where frequency is taken as row and user IP is taken as column, and each element's value of this matrix is the user's visitor frequency on the time interval. The different IP users are classified by measuring similarity between column vectors and the browsing behaviour is also discussed. Finally, the parametric estimation and test of threshold of session recognize are given by further sampling-


Augmented reality (AR) is one of the interactive user interface technology which enhances the real physical world through digital elements. From industrial solutions to tourism, marketing and education, AR has become one of the most widely used technologies in recent years. Over the decade, the field of architecture has been evolving from the traditional practices. The visualization of architectural blueprints has always been a perplexing task for the general public and architects. Therefore, the developed AR application provides a 360-degree view of custom made 3D building models over the blueprints when scanned through an Android device. This makes it a cost-effective business tool for architects to show their clients what their future buildings will look like. This application involves the use of Marker-based AR Technology with Unity Real-Time Development Platform software and Vuforia.


This paper presents a learning framework for the training of Headmasters, as adult learners, in the use of ICT as a tool in management in Primary Schools in Mauritius. The introduction of ICT in Management and Education is a new measure adopted by the Ministry of Education and Human Resources to ensure that Educational Institutions in Mauritius are not left behind in fostering a knowledge-facilitated society.


These days, urban agriculture is more than a hobby. It has expanded into a local commercial business, even to an export scale. However, urban farmers who have commercialized their products must adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, which has impacted many aspects of global life. This research used a mixed-method approach. We collected quantitative data from 107 respondents on the household commercialization index, income level, and education level of export-scale-urban farmers in the Bandung metropolitan area, West Java, Indonesia. We also used qualitative data to determine how farmers were adapting to difficult situations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This information was gathered through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the urban farmers continued to prioritize commercial agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic. The urban farmers must adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic in various ways, beginning with market access, agricultural management, and strengthening financial resources. There are some conditions where adaptation methods adopted by farmers are not environmentally friendly because the farmers are increasingly dependent on synthetic inputs and use cold storage on open land. Thus, the farmers' adaptation steps to maintain export-scale commercial farming activities in the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic also affect intensive agricultural practices that are not environmentally friendly.


Polish hard coal mines commonly use hydromixtures in their fire prevention practices. The mixtures are usually prepared based on mass-produced power production wastes, namely the ashes resulting from power production [1]. Such hydromixtures are introduced to the caving area which is formed due to the advancement of a longwall. The first part of the article presents theoretical fundamentals of determining the parameters of gravitational hydraulic transport of water and ash hydromixtures used in the mining pipeline systems. Each hydromixture produced based on fine-grained wastes is characterized by specified rheological parameters that have a direct impact on the future flow parameters of a given pipeline system. Additionally, the gravitational character of the hydraulic transport generates certain limitations concerning the so-called correct hydraulic profile of the system in relation to the applied hydromixture characterized by required rheological parameters that should ensure safe flow at a correct efficiency [2]. The paper includes an example of a gravitational hydraulic transport system and an assessment of the correctness of its hydraulic profile as well as the assessment of the impact of rheological parameters of fine-grained hydromixtures (water and ash) produced based on laboratory tests, depending on the specified flow parameters (efficiency) of the hydromixture in the analyzed system.


Background: This study investigated the extent of problems of strategic plans development for secondary schools' improvement in Anambra State, Nigeria for quality education provision. Method: The study used a descriptive survey design paradigm. Respondents comprised 217 principals. There was no sampling. All the principals were used. Data were collected using 'Schools' Strategic Plan Development Problems Questionnaire' (SSPDPQ). Result: Findings indicated that the mean responses on the problems associated with the d evelopment of strategic plan ranged from 3. 52 to 4.50 showing respondents agreement. Conclusion: The study showed that strategic plan development and quality education provision fall within average level in secondary schools and needed propping up . Princ ipals and staff need further enlightenment on strategic planning practices.


Monitoring rotor temperature is a significant issue for safe operations in magnetically suspended turbo molecular pump (MSTMP). The increase in rotor temperature may cause the irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet (PM) and destroy the vacuum environment, eventually affecting the efficiency and security of the MSTMP system. Unfortunately, the direct measurement of the rotor temperature is complicated in practice due to the difficulty of accessing temperature sensors on a rotating shaft. This article proposes a novel rotor temperature estimation method based on the identification of the PM flux linkage. In order to address rank-deficiency in the identification of multiparameters, the resistance is calculated from the measured stator temperature, and two recursive least square (RLS) algorithm segments are combined to identify the inductance and flux linkage. Furthermore, the dynamic factor is introduced into the RLS algorithm to enhance the identification accuracy and convergence rate of the algorithm. The experiment results on the MSTMP test rig, equipped with the infrared temperature measuring module, demonstrate that the identified flux linkage has a good performance for the estimating rotor temperature under different working conditions.


Rigid strut have found wide application in control of pipe vibration duo to its good vibration reduction and economical efficiency.A study is conducted on the pipes of a power plant in terms of dynamic load testing of the rigid struts and safety analysis of the pipes,which shows that rigid strut is low in dynamic load and the pipes and rigid strut are safe under the action of static load plus dynamic load.The rigid strut can meet the requirement for long-term safety operation.Other kind of rigid vibration-reduction equipment may also be used for vibration control of pipes.


A population of tetraploid spring rye was selected for high seed-set and regular meiosis on the one hand, and for low seed-set and irregular meiosis on the other. After four generations the euploid plants in the "high" and the "low" selection lines were compared with the euploid plants in the unselected population belonging to the same C-generation.

A significant positive correlation between meiotic regularity and seed-set was found in the "high" population while in the "low" population the correlation was negative. In the unselected population none of the cytological features gave a significant correlation with seed-set.

Plant vigour, representing possible physiological factors, was demonstrated to interact in a supplementary manner with cytological factors in determining the level of seed-set in plants of the unselected population. The relative importance of cytological factors and plant vigour in determining seed-set was found to vary depending on the type of selection applied. This led to the conclusion that the genetical control of the cytological factors is independent from that of plant vigour.


Islam is religion of around two thirds of the Suda n population, and plays an important role in their lives. In this review we di scuss the increasing trend among a sector of Sudanese women doctors to wear niqab which is an Islamic dress that covers a woman from toes to face, with o nly a small slit to allow her to see. For the benefit of non-Muslim readers, we forw arded our review with a detailed description of Islamic viewpoint of dress and its different version throughout the Islamic World. We also gave in detai l the English meanings of the Islamic Arabic words (written in italic ). Wearing niqab carries serious impacts on the medical profession a nd medical education. The wearers tend to be isolated and less reactive or cooperative with colleagues and seniors. The process of communication with patients is expected to be adversely affected. There are fears of a tren d to gender segregation at both health settings and medical schools.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Cardiac hypertrophic growth is mediated by robust changes in gene expression and changes that underlie the increase in cardiomyocyte size. The former is regulated by RNA polymerase II (pol II) de novo recruitment or loss; the latter involves incremental increases in the transcriptional elongation activity of pol II that is preassembled at the transcription start site. The differential regulation of these distinct processes by transcription factors remains unknown. Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) is an insulin-sensitive transcription factor that is also regulated by hypertrophic stimuli in the heart. However, the scope of its gene regulation remains unexplored. Methods: To address this, we performed FoxO1 chromatin immunoprecipitation–deep sequencing in mouse hearts after 7 days of isoproterenol injections (3 mg·kg−1·mg−1), transverse aortic constriction, or vehicle injection/sham surgery. Results: Our data demonstrate increases in FoxO1 chromatin binding during cardiac hypertrophic growth, which positively correlate with extent of hypertrophy. To assess the role of FoxO1 on pol II dynamics and gene expression, the FoxO1 chromatin immunoprecipitation–deep sequencing results were aligned with those of pol II chromatin immunoprecipitation–deep sequencing across the chromosomal coordinates of sham- or transverse aortic constriction–operated mouse hearts. This uncovered that FoxO1 binds to the promoters of 60% of cardiac-expressed genes at baseline and 91% after transverse aortic constriction. FoxO1 binding is increased in genes regulated by pol II de novo recruitment, loss, or pause-release. In vitro, endothelin-1– and, in vivo, pressure overload–induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth is prevented with FoxO1 knockdown or deletion, which was accompanied by reductions in inducible genes, including Comtd1 in vitro and Fstl1 and Uck2 in vivo. Conclusions: Together, our data suggest that FoxO1 may mediate cardiac hypertrophic growth via regulation of pol II de novo recruitment and pause-release; the latter represents the majority (59%) of FoxO1-bound, pol II–regulated genes after pressure overload. These findings demonstrate the breadth of transcriptional regulation by FoxO1 during cardiac hypertrophy, information that is essential for its therapeutic targeting.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mini-clamp crushing combined with saline-linked diathermy for the prevention of complications after hepatectomy.Methods A retrospective study was performed for comparison of post-operative complications with mini-clamp crushing combined with saline-linked diathermy and traditional clamp crushing.All of the pre- and peri-operative data including complications were compared and analyzed statistically.Results Intro-operative blood loss and blood transfusion were significantly higher in traditional clamp crushing group than those in mini-clamp crushing group(P0.001,P=0.013).The number of patients of no blood transfusion was less in traditional clamp crushing group than those in mini-clamp crushing group(P0.001).However,the time of transaction and hilar occlusion were significant longer in mini-clamp crushing group(P0.001,P0.001).Post-operative complications including bleeding,bile leakage,cllection,liver failure and pneumonia were markedly higher in traditional clamp crushing group than in mini-clamp crushing group(P0.001).Clavien′s surgical classification also showed same difference between the two groups(P=0.001).Conclusion Mini-clamp crushing combined with saline-linked diathermy for hepatectomy can reduce post-operative complications.


Biochemical variability among the three isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri inciting wilt in chickpea was determined using starch gel electrophoresis technique involving five isozymes. The five isozymes tested in electrophoretic studies viz. Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) gave distinct isozyme profiles. These studies indicated that the Bangalore isolate differed from Gulbarga and Race-1(a designated race from ICRISAT) isolates. It was also noticed that the Gulbarga isolate was genetically closer to the Race-1 isolate. Bangalore isolate seems to be a novel evolving race of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri.


Despite the remarkable emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131), the clinical features and outcomes of infections caused by ST131 remain poorly described. From 2011 to 2012, we collected ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients with bloodstream infections in 13 hospitals in Korea and compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between ST131 and non-ST131 clones. Of the 110 ESBL-producing isolates, the most common ST was ST131 (30.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that recent operation was the only variable associated with the ST131 clone; other comorbid conditions and clinical features were similar between ST131 and non-ST131 clones. CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15 were the predominant types of ESBLs, and CTX-M-15 was significantly associated with ST131. The rate of nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin was higher in ST131 than in non-ST131 clones (94.1% vs. 75.0%). No significant differences in 30-day mortality rates were found between ST131 and no...


Multiple-choice questions can be used to identify misconceptions through distractor analysis. Distractor analysis for identifying misconceptions using Rasch modelling to find out how students choose options and whether they have any misconceptions. The test instrument uses questions from the teacher association in Indonesia to assess students' ability to master chemical contexts. The number of question items used is 35 and has been validated and tested for reliability to be feasible to use. Questions were given to 462 first-year high school students. The fit item analysis results show that there are several questions related to clothing that indicate misconceptions. This is supported by the distractor analysis value, which found that misconceptions indicate questions related to electrolysis, the incidence of colligative properties in daily life and the factors that affect corrosion. The distractor's value and the option probability curve are used to see how students know the ideas offered. The analysis results found that the material in the form of concepts and their application showed a large misconception, in which students would find it difficult to combine concepts and their applications.


Reaction wheel assembly (RWA) is an attitude control actuator for spacecraft. Its induced micro vibration will have a harsh effect on the performance of sensitive payloads. In this paper, a compact four-legged vibration isolation system for RWA is designed and investigated. Piezoelectric stack actuators (PSA) are chosen and dynamic equations are derived by Newton-Euler approach. Moreover, to identify low-frequency modal excitation of synthesis body composed by RWA and isolator, we propose one solution based on blind source separation (BSS). Simulation studies are conducted to verify the solution. The result shows that modal excitation within 10Hz–30Hz could be extracted effectively.


Having previously demonstrated that IQs tend to go upward during and after long term psychotherapy, the authors report here personality changes which accompanied these. Of 24 variables examined, 10 were highly correlated with change in IQ. These included a mixture of structural and motivational characteristics consistent with generally supportive-strengthening treatments, which most of these treatments were. Alongside the group trends individual categories of change accompanying raising and lowering of IQ are specified. These suggest that a wide variety of individual and idiosyncratic patterns may influence change in IQ.


Software? Effect of Cost and In this research, we develop a three-factor (i.e., outcome accuracy, mere authorship, and process affect) model of consumer preference for self-designed products. We propose that the preference structure for self-designed products can be determined by one, two, or three of the factors. A study involving 512 participants designing, in different task formats, a Nike iD sports shoe and then evaluating, after different lengths of delay, their self-design embedded in a set of 30 different designs provides preliminary support for this model. We define outcome accuracy as the extent to which the customized product created by consumers in the self-design process maximizes their pre-existing enduring preferences. When creating their self-design, consumers need to transfer their needs and wants into a concrete product specification by making a series of choices. Although finite, the solution space within which consumers make sequential design decisions can still be enormous. For example, the design task carried out in our study involved 60,374,160 different possible designs. As the solution space enlarges, the accuracy with which a solution within this space matches the pre-existing ideal point of an individual consumer increases. However, the effort that needs to be made by that consumer to find such a solution also increases. We expect that an accuracy-effort tradeoff is likely to be made by consumers. We thus consider outcome accuracy as the extent to which consumers' pre-existing ideal point is approximated by the outcome of the self-design process wherein consumers perform an effortful but not exhaustive search within the design solution space. We propose that as outcome accuracy increases during self-design, subsequent evaluations of the self-designed product will also increase (even after a delay). Consumer preferences can be stored evaluations or


The high energy of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), together with the large integrated luminosity delivered to the general purpose experiments, oers unprecedented opportunities for searches for new particles beyond the Standard Model. Given the wealth of analyses and searches that have been reported, it is perhaps surprising that to date no search has been performed for some of the more exotic composites proposed in the literature. In this paper we concentrate on the search for the healon, for


This study deals with the support on lesbian and gay human rights(SLGHR) for 1,081 university students in Seoul, and ultimately aims to look into adolescent's perception and their understanding of lesbian and gay people and also to seek important ways in developing the society that assures human rig...


In this paper it will be presented and discussed the experimental and simulation results obtained for the preparative separation of ketoprofen and flurbiprofen enantiomers by chiral liquid chromatography. Experimental results include solubility studies, elution and frontal chromatographic experiments and the measurement of competitive adsorption isotherms, using different mobile phase compositions. Modeling and simulation tools are used to predict the behavior and the performance of fixed bed and simulated moving bed processes. These prediction tools are used to select the proper mobile phase composition for the enantiomers separation in a preparative and production-scale point of view.


The EcoA restriction enzyme from Escherichia coli 15T‐ has been isolated. It proves to be an unusual enzyme, clearly related functionally to the classical type I restriction enzymes. The basic enzyme is a two subunit modification methylase. Another protein species can be purified which by itself has no enzymatic activities but which converts the modification methylase to an ATP and S‐adenosylmethionine‐dependent restriction endonuclease. The DNA recognition sequence of EcoA has an overall structure that is very similar to previously determined type I sequences. It is: 5′‐GAGNNNNNNNGTCA‐3′ 3′‐CTCNNNNNNNCAGT‐5′ where N can be any nucleotide. Modification methylates the adenosyl residue in the specific trinucleotide and the adenosyl residue in the lower strand of the specific tetranucleotide.


In combination with practice of rubber-modified asphalt pavement on Ning-Chang expressway construction.This paper introduces the application of rubber-modified asphalt.Through the analysis of the material and structure character,it is thought that the recycling of outwear tyre can effectively resolved entironment protection and resource recycling which provides consultation for construction rubber-modified asphalt pavement in our country.


The non-traumatic urine bladder rapture is a very rare life-threatening condition. The diagnosis of this pathology provides many difficulties as the signs and symptoms are not specific and the role of some diagnostic methods is insufficient. We describe the case of 77year-old male patient admitted to the Emergency Department due to dyspnea, breathing difficulties, urinary difficulties and significantly distended abdomen. The patient had numerous cardiovascular diseases, moreover the interview disclosed recently diagnosed stage III prostate cancer. The laboratory tests results suggested an acute kidney failure. Due to severe condition patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone and metronidazole was done for the first 2 days. Afterwards therapy was modified by introducing tienam and vancomycin. On the 4th day of hospitalization the sudden deterioration in the patient's condition occurred and the abdominal US revealed free fluid in peritoneal cavity, which was not visible in previous examinations. The CT-cystography revealed connection between the bladder and the retroperitoneal space in the right part of anterior wall. Despite the urgent laparotomy, the patient died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the course of neoplastic process as cause.


Jejunogastric intussusception is an established complication following any type of gastroenterostomy. In its acute form it presents with abdominal pain and lump suggestive of obstruction. It is also a rare cause of haematemesis. Chronic and intermittent presentation has also been described. It is a surgical emergency in its acute form. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is required to avoid mortality. We report here a case that had a history suggestive of recurrent symptoms and ultimately presented as an acute emergency in the emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11366 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 44-47


The work analyzes the mechanism of legal support of e-democracy development in Ukraine and European Union in a part of formation and implementation of its tools. A position of central executive authorities in Ukraine in the context of e-democracy development is considered.
The Ukrainian legislative base of formation and realization of e-democracy tools have been studied, and ones, considered priority in the aspect of their legal support and implementation level, have been separated. These e-democracy tools in Ukraine include: e-consulting, e-petitions, e-appeals, participation budgets (public budgets).
The analysis of e-democracy tools, offered and implemented in the EU countries allowed to establish a series of them, needed additional attention from both state authorities of Ukraine and Ukrainian publicity. These tools include: e-voting, e-referendum, e-plebiscites, and e-election process totally.
Based on comparison analysis of using e-democracy tools in Ukraine and EU, there have been separated obstacles on the way of potential improvement of the national legal mechanism of e-democracy development as to its tools usage at the national, regional and local levels. The main ones are: imperfection of resource provision of the development legal mechanism; absence of an integral idea of the development strategy of e-democracy as an institution in the state; predominance of e-services automation development over development of tools of active involvement of citizens in participation in the public-political life of the country.
Recommendations for public authorities as to improvement of the existent legal mechanism of implementation, use and development of e-democracy tools in a part of development of a series of strategic documents that must fix the priority of e-democracy development, its resource support; comprehensive support to public initiatives as to implementation and development of e-democracy and e-participation tools and so on, have been substantiated.


Thailand has been experiencing agrochemical-based commercial rice production for several decades now. Until recently, organic rice production has survived, but with little expansion. The present study applies a Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) to analyze the composition of the related socio-technical system, from macro to micro levels, to cast a light on both the large picture and niche operations. This research used mixed methods comprising documents and interviews, while compiling secondary statistics to analyze the establishment and dominance of commercial or mainstream rice, as well as the emergence of organic rice as an experiment. When analyzing information at multiple levels, it was found that the agrochemical-based commercial rice regime has become a dominant socio-technical regime comprising; interwoven power of government policy, commercialized agro-businesses, markets, industry, technology and Thai cultural dimensions. Furthermore, government policy has been responding to the increasing landscape changes, it has simultaneously created barriers for organic rice production. The development of organic rice as a niche experiment was partly due to landscape changes but also due to NGOs, farmers and academic leaders, often as a reaction to the negative impacts of agrochemical-based commercial rice. This in-depth study has found that if intensive promotion is applied, organic rice could become quite successful in terms of production and marketing. Until now, its expansion has been very minimal due to government regulations and policies, along with fewer business supports. Therefore, there have been limitations in the up scaling of such experiments. Thus stronger attempts are needed to overcome resistance from the dominant regimes rather than focusing at the farm levels as has been the case.


The separation and isolation of an extract of Bupleurum falcatum were performed based on antiallergic activities in preliminary studies with higher plants. The final active compound was identified as saikosaponin‐A (SSA), a triterpenoid glycoside. SSA at more than 1 mg/kg (i.v.) significantly inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in rats in a dose‐dependent manner, attaining a maximum inhibition of approximately 60% with 10 mg/kg. SSA at 3 and 10 mg/kg also suppressed asthmatic bronchoconstriction in sensitized guinea‐pigs. SSA possesses a weak inhibitory activity on histamine‐induced tracheal contraction in guinea‐pigs and on histamine release induced by A‐23187 in rat mast cells. These results indicate that SSA has an inhibitory activity against allergic asthma. This activity seems to derive from both antagonism of the histamine action and inhibition of allergic mediators. Additional mechanisms may also be involved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper looks at urban regeneration in Belfast as a stage on which the interaction between different structural dynamics (political, economic and cultural) is manifested in the city. It discusses how contested ideas of 'space', 'place' and 'territory' frame the ways in which Belfast has changed over recent years and asks if regeneration itself has the potential to transform the dynamic of deep-rooted ethno-national divisions. The research question is explored through a case study of proposed urban regeneration in north Belfast. It is found that, while there is evidence of transition to less exclusivistic attitudes in leisure and work spaces, asymmetrical conflict over residential space persists in ways which reproduce deep-rooted political and cultural patterns of territorial fixity and division.


To find out the origins of the nautical mile it is necessary to go back to early times, for, like so many other things, it did not spring up in full bloom in a day, but evolved by slow degrees. Early man, seeking units of measurement, logically looked about him for something in nature that he might use as a standard. For very short distances he used the width of his finger, the width of his hand, his span, the length of his foot, or the length of his forearm. As these varied between men, so the length of the derived units varied. The foot, for instance, varied from 11 to 14 inches. Even greater variation occurred in the length of the cubit, which originally was taken as the length of the forearm, from the elbow to the end of the middle finger. This unit was widely used, but varied from country to country, and was not even constant within various parts of the same country in some instances.


This paper presents the experience of research on the effectiveness of the method variant psychocorrectional Therapy creative expression in group work. Examples of application of the method described in Group psychocorrection using specific techniques of creative expression.


Abstract Carbon nanotubes have been actively studied for their applications in filtering of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sensors, electronics, stretchable devices, and energy storage. The large structures of nanotubes are studied using their induced subgraphs. The partition dimension focusses on the unique distance-based representation of nodes with respect to partition sets such that each node is exclusively identified. The partition and partition dimension of induced subgraphs of certain nanotubes have been computed in this article.


ABSTRACT Electronic information professional postgraduate training is the mixed learning strategy used in the present educational era for a better utilization of e-resources in the field like data mining and data handling fields to develop a high-performance computing (HPC) systems which are quite inventive and useful to the society. The principle of combining the innovation practice in computing field is applicable in all teaching methodologies to provide a better training method to the mankind. The research is performed using statistical data collected from postgraduate students of 200 members in an educational institution and a correlation coefficient is used to calculate the hypothesis present in the survey. Inventive design based on theory of inventive problem solving is used to solve the classical problematic situations which will arise in the conflict on uncertain information. The purpose of research is to find the ways to recommend the methods to create active awareness in electronic information literacy for improvement of better utilization of resources. This research work addresses the issues in postgraduate training modes and the opportunities present in the HPC field.


As software grows rapidly in size and complexity, software aging has been observed more frequently in long-running computer system failures. Ever since the notion of software aging was introduced, lots of researches have devoted in studying software aging empirically by learning aging trend under controlled experiments. However, we notice that how software aging evolves within online system is seldom covered in the literature. To fill the blank and improve usability of software-aging works, we in this paper propose an approach to detect aberrant software aging in online system, i.e., servers grow old more quickly or slowly than the rest servers. We believe studying aberrant aging can contribute to better understanding of software aging in real world. The mechanism utilizes random sliding windows over LOF (Local Outlier Factor) algorithm to analyze the CPU and workload indicators, which displays good accuracy and recall rate in a real world application. Moreover, we analyze how the software trend to age aberrantly and verify if aberrant aging also obeys the rules in controlled experiment. We conclude three aging patterns from these aberrant aging servers, and find out CPU-oriented indicators shows higher precision and recall rate than memory-oriented in analyzing software aging.


We are developing an automated reasoning assistant for proof by induction, with two principal objectives. Firstly, we wish to formulate a new, more general principle of induction and new strategies for inductive case generation, which we will evaluate by characterising the extent to which they subsume previous ones. Secondly, we wish to tailor these principles and strategies to the Z speciication language 6] and to integrate them into the CADiZ system 7], an interactive reasoning tool for Z developed at the University of York. We will evaluate the utility of the resulting system by attempting to construct a broad range of proofs, including some of practical importance to computer security, safety-critical systems and compiler correctness. We are thus concerned with both the theory of proof by induction, and with how best to implement that theory in a practical automated proof assistant. Our theoretical work on induction aims to integrate the two most prominent approaches. The classical approach, based upon explicit induction schemas 1], has demonstrated the potential for automated tools, and also the need for well-developed user interfaces. The alternative \rewrite-based" or \implicit" approach lacks the interactive component, but promises advantages over the classical approach. This alternative has been successively improved by various people, culminating in the extraction of its underlying induction principle 5, 3]. Perhaps the most developed attempt at integration of the two approaches is the work of Bronsard et al 2]. However, their work is limited essentially to connuent rewriting systems, and they are concerned principally with the issue of simultaneous proofs. Our application area will be more general and we will be investigating many other issues involved in the integration, such as the use of heuristics. Our choice of application domain, Z, is a formal speciication language based upon Zermelo-Frr ankel set theory. It is used extensively in both academia and industry to describe the functional properties of hardware and software systems. Several tools have been developed for reasoning about Z speciications, but all lack substantial facilities for inductive reasoning, which is necessary for verifying most properties of programs and their speciications. Our approach to automating inductive reasoning will include the classical induction \on variables", and the rewrite-based induction \on subterms". Moreover, from the classical approach we will take the use of an explicit principle of induction, heuristic search strategies, and proof structuring for interactive proof development, while from the implicit approach we will take the …


........................................................................................................................................................i DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................. iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................................. xi 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Purpose of the study ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Background of the study ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 South Africa's ICT industry ................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Problem statement .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.4.1 Main problem ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.4.2 Sub-problems .................................................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Significance of the study ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Delimitations of the study.................................................................................................................. 10 1.7 Definition of terms ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.8 Assumptions ...................................................................................................................................... 12 1.9 Structure and outline of the report .................................................................................................... 12 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................................................................... 14 2.


Most conservation areas in Indonesia are currently under strong pressure and suffering severe damage caused by illegal logging, encroachment, uncontrolled logging and forest fires. The lack of an appropriate form of forest "governance" has been at the root of this problem. This research have been doing at Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in the South of Sulawesi Province. Conducted from January to April 2015, the research was to understand the social conflict in the governance of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The data gathering was carried out through a survey method. The social conflict model is based on interconnectivity performance by combining the stakeholders's roles constructed based on resources availability, organizing and norms. The results reveal that the dissipative structure in the national park is constructed around a co-management model through the profit-sharingbased external actor involvement. The ecological, economic, social and institutional balance is to arrange the paradox independence. The autopoesis involves linkage among the actors, interests, levels, disciplines and multi-scenarios constructed with the profit sharing, alternative livelihoods development and co-management model. The emergence construction is created based on the alternative model of rural conservation, development of productive business to reduce the society's economic dependence on the national park and special enclaves zones in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park.


The women were questioned at the follow-up about their attitude to the pregnancy and to the child. This is undoubtedly a very delicate matter to discuss, and the possibility that the investigator may influence the women is considerable. From the very beginning, the women had known that the aim of the investigation was to ascertain the effects of the Abortion Act, and quite a few seemed to have felt that they now had an opportunity to have viewpoints forwarded anonymously to the government. Wishes for better housing, nursery schools, and "someone to talk to" when in distress were frequently vented. Both the social worker and the present investigator endeavoured from the outset to be completely neutral in their attitude towards the woman, and to make her feel that she herself really desired to participate and that her opinion was of great value. Accordingly, the subject of adjustment and attitude was broached at several stages in the interview, both when the circumstances connected with the abortion application and the refusal were being discussed, and when the course of the pregnancy, the events surrounding it, and its termination either by abortion other than by legal means or by partus were taken up. It was also touched upon in connection with the care and development of the child, the relations with the male partner and his attitude to the child, and/or the poslsible stepfather's attitude to the child. When the woman's attitude to further pregnancies and their outcome, as well as her opinion on the abortion problem in general, were vented, her views concerning the pregnancy under discussion also found natural expression. Thus, the same subjects were referred to on several occasions during the interview, and the woman's report on them was generally identical in meaning, if not in words. -4 question was never pushed,


Secretarial science is one of the main curriculums in secretary major.Since the beginning of 20th century,the theories on it have become better and better.But subject ori-entation about Secretarial Science is inaccuracy,which re-sults in content and method of course incompatibility.By in-vestigation,case analysis,tracing back method,compara-tive analysis and etc in context,I think secretarial science is a kind of professional training,but not a course just taught by teachers.Course design,content and method of teaching about secretarial science should be adjusted by demand of secretary working.


The objective of this research is to produce the integrated education management information system as database for  education budget policy formulation. The database that is precise, accurate, complete and taransparan is  accessible to the public via the web in the android system, is a key element in any policy formulation and budget proposals in the field of education, that it can  be used to reduce the corruption in the education area in a systematic which began drafting the state budget and regional budget. this research is a development that adapt the model Borg and Gall (1983). aiken's formula v is used to analyze the instrument by the validator. The concept is to package products and services in one unit. To produce a product, a common cycle passed are: system specification, design, production, distribution, setup, use, maintenance, and renewal. The results of research is already made education management information system based on national education standards and geografic information system that has been tested is limited in some schools in the district region in indonesia. The policy recommendations of this research will support the government to modernize management of the education budgeting sector.


Because foundation pit dewatering causes the readjustment of stresses in soil,it brings uneven settlements and architectural damage of the building around foundation pit;accordingly,real time prediction of land subsidence caused by foundation pit dewatering has the realistic meaning;by using the theory of unsteady well flow and basic theory of soil mechanics,the real time prediction method of land subsidence has been introduced;the rationalities of different parameters in formula have been analyzed via case study;and it has certain meaning to forecast the land subsidence around foundation pit caused by foundation pit dewatering.


The influence of prejudice on targets' personal and collective self-esteem and group identification was investigated in three target groups based on caste, religion and physical disability. Thirty participants from the three target groups constituted the sample for this study. A negative relationship of prejudice with self-esteem and group identification was found.


School funding and tracking in New York and Amsterdam Principal investigators: Jennifer Holdaway, Social Science Research Council and Graduate Center, CUNY Maurice Crul, Institute for Migration & Ethnic Studies, University of Amsterdam Researchers: Norma Fuentes, Fordham University Mayida Zaal, Graduate Center, CUNY Helga de Valk, Free University, Brussels Methodology: Quantitative analysis of existing data, in-depth interviews, ethnography