We have investigated the nasal response to substance P after pollen exposure in seasonal allergic rhinitic patients. Seven patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis were studied during the pollen season, 24 h after nasal challenge with pollen. They received increasing doses of nebulized substance P (0 to 80 nmol) in each nostril. Responses were assessed by measurement of nasal airway resistance by posterior rhinomanometry and quantification of albumin, histamine, and inflammatory cells in the nasal lavage fluid. Nasal airway resistance increased in a dose‐dependent manner after substance P challenge. Protein and albumin in nasal lavage fluids increased after administration of substance P: from 2.6 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 1.1 mg for protein (P≤0.01) and from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.6 mg for albumin (P≤0.02). Expressed as a percentage of total protein, albumin increased from 10.5 ± 3.6% to 39.9 ± 3.5% (P≤0.02), suggesting occurrence of plasma leakage. No histamine release was observed after challenge with substance P. Total cell counts significantly increased from 11.4 ± 2.4 to 41.8 ± 17.3 × 103 cells/ml after substance P (P≤0.05). Eosinophils were already numerous before substance P challenge (2.1 ± 0.7 × 103 cells/ml), and the number of eosinophils markedly increased in all patients after substance P (for the whole group, 25.8 ± 13.3 cells/ml, P≤0.05). In contrast, the number of neutrophils only slightly increased in five patients, and changes did not reach significance for the group as a whole. Our results show that substance P induces nasal obstruction and albumin extrusion in allergic rhinitic patients after repeated pollen exposure. These vascular phenomena are associated with recruitment of eosinophils. Since substance P is known to be released after nasal allergen challenge, our data suggest a role for substance P in the chronic eosinophilic inflammation of the nasal mucosa observed in symptomatic allergic rhinitis.


The paper introduces a new sensitive monitoring technology integrated with multiple monitoring targets,statistical learning ability and historical data storage. Based on a serial of field experiments in a compressor unit over Sebei-Xi' ning-Lanzhou Gas Transmission Pipeline, the threshold value that can be truly applied to pipeline compressor unit is analyzed statistically. The results show that the threshold value meets the requirements of failure data capture and reduces garbage data storage of the pipeline system which provides an important data support for individual compressor station.


Abstract: Distance Education is a novel system for spreading education beyond the geographical boundary . But to maintain the quality of Distance Education we need a secure and robust Distance Education System. In this paper we propose a secure digital right management system for distance education . Here we use an agent based approach . Each and every user has its own rights to access digital data and that rights are maintained and protected by intelligent agents of our system.


Although polynomial-time complexity theory has been formulated in terms of decision problems, polynomial-time decision algorithms generally operate by attempting to construct a solution to an optimization version of the problem at hand. Thus it is that self-reducibility, the process by which a decision algorithm may be used to devise a constructive algorithm, has until now been widely considered a topic of only theoretical interest. Recent fundamental advances in graph theory, however, have made available powerful new nonconstructive tools that can be applied to guarantee membership in P. These tools are nonconstructive at two distinct levels: they neither produce the decision algorithm, establishing only the finiteness of an obstruction set, nor do they reveal whether such a decision algorithm can be of any aid in the construction of a solution. We briefly review and illustrate the use of these tools, and discuss the seemingly formidable task of finding the promised polynomial-time decision algorithms wh...


In this paper, we carry out QoE (Quality of Experience) assessment of fairness between players in a networked game with olfaction. In the assessment, we investigate the influence of the time it takes for a smell to reach a player on the fairness. As the networked game, we deal with a fruit harvesting game in which two players play in a 3D virtual space. As a result, for example, we illustrate that the fairness is hardly damaged when the time is smaller than about 500 ms.


Changing of usual reinforcement, having, as a rule, welding joints with the pre-stressed joint-free steel has a significant ecological meaning, reducing harmful emissions. Decrease of the concrete consumption is also solving this important ecological issue, since the volume of concrete and concrete dust is reduced. In the compressed elements extreme compressing forces in the reinforcement upon concrete destruction reach 400-500 MPa due to limited concrete compression, which is why use of extra-strong reinforcement in such elements is not reasonable. With the purpose of increase of extreme compressing forces in the reinforcement of compressed elements it is suggested to pre-compress it. Increase of limits of stress in the reinforcement allows to efficiently using extra-strong reinforcement in the compressed zone which will lead to substantial reduction of its consumption. Effect from the pre-compression of the reinforcement is the higher, the bigger is the reinforcement percent. Degree of increase of strength of the elements upon pre-compression of reinforcement with decrease of concrete strength increases.


By the end of the 20th century, with the legalization of bus school system, Russia presently has formed the institutional system of shool bus, centered with "buses for carrying children. Technical requirements", school bus purchasing plan and the "Russia traffic Laws".There still exsits several problems in the formulation and implement of school bus system, its operation, mangement and maintenance, etc.With analysis and reflection on these problems in Russia, it can be used for reference for our country in the establishment and improvement of school bus system.


The most prevailing approach now for parking lot vacancy detecting system is to use sensor-based techniques. The main impediments to the camera-based system in applying to parking lots on rooftop and outside building are the glaring sun light and dark shadows in the daytime, and low-light intensity and back-lighting in the nighttime. To date, no camera-based detecting systems for outdoor parking lots have been in practical use. A few engineering firms provide the camera-based system, which is only for underground and indoor parking lots. This paper reports on the new camera based system called ParkLotD for detecting vacancy/occupancy in parking lots. ParkLotD uses a classifier based on fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering and hyper-parameter tuning by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The test result of the detection error rate for the indoor multi-story parking lot has improved by an order of magnitude compared to the current system based on the edge detection approach. ParkLotD demonstrates high detection performance and enables the camera-based system to achieve the practical use in outdoor parking lots.


The genus Bromus L. is represented in Argentina by 5 sections: sect. Bromus , with 6 species; sect. Ceratochloa (P. Beauv.) Griseb. (9 spp.), sect. Genea Dumort. (5 spp.), sect. Pnigma Dumort. (9 spp. and 3 varieties), and sect. Neobromus (Shear) Hitchc. (1 sp.). Of these 30 species and 3 varieties, 13 are introduced and 17 are indigenous. Three species are endemic to Argentina, B. bonariensis Parodi & J. A. Camara, B.flexuosus Planchuelo and B. parodii Covas & Itria. A key to recognize all species and varieties that inhabit in Argentina is given, as well as description of the species, synonymy, iconography, geographical distribution and ecological observations.


Satellite based automotive navigation systems use range information to navigation satellites like GPS, Glonas and in the future Galileo to determine their location on earth. Range to satellites is determined by measuring the time difference between signals send by satellite and received by the automotive navigation system. To determine a 3D-position at sufficient accuracy with non-atomic clocks requires receiving at least 4 satellite signals at a time. Typically up to 6 satellite signals are available in flat rural environment, providing sufficient information to determine the navigation position at an accuracy of 3 meters or less. However, in urban canyons, particulary between high rising buildings, in tunnels or on bridges, less than 4 satellite signals are available, at times non. The accuracy of automotive satellite based navigation systems in these environments depends on applicability and effectiveness of different techniques to reduce the navigation position error. It is time consuming and costly to evaluate different navigation system designs for the variety of different urban environments. This paper describes a developed virtual validation environment for analysis and test of automotive navigation systems. In section 1, different techniques are introduced, how the accuracy of satellite based automotive navigation systems can be improved in different urban environments. Section 2 describes an universal virtual validation platform for navigation system designs, including a data driven 3D-scene, a navigation system model and a navigation satellite model. In section 3, the design of a specific navigation system examplifies the usage of the developed validation environment, by showing the influence of map matching on the navigation filter accuracy. Finally, section 4 draws conclusion about achieved results. 1 GPS Error Mitigation Techniques On the basis of different developed techniques, it is in principle possible to enhance satellite based navigation systems in such a way, that even in critical regions, where less than 4 or non satellite signals are available, a high accuracy can be achieved. Navigation filters, especially the Kalman filter, are the most common technique to reduce navigation position errors. The Kalman filter provides an extremely effective and versatile procedure for combining noisy sensor outputs to estimate the state of a system with uncertain dynamics. In connection with satellite based navigation systems, the noisy sensors may include GPS receivers, but may also include speed sensors and time sensors (clocks). The system state includes the position, velocity, acceleration, attitude and attitude rate of a vehicle. Additionally, the system state may include "nuisance variables" for modeling correlated noise sources and time-varying parameters of the sensors, such as scale factor, output bias, or frequency. Uncertain dynamics of the system state are given by unpredictable disturbances of the host vehicle and possibly unpretictable changes in the sensor parameters. To enable an optimum estimation of the system state, based on an optimum combination of all sensor information, the Kalman filter maintains two types of variables. First, the estimated state vector includes all variables of interest (e.g., position, velocity, etc.), additional "nuisance variables" and the state variables. Secondly, a covariance matrix defines a measure of estimation uncertainty. To obtain a new estimation of the system state, the Kalman filter uses an optimum weighting matrix, the Kalman gain, for combining new sensor data with a prior estimate [2]. Differential GPS (DGPS) is a technique to reduce the navigation position error by using an additional reference GPS receiver. In doing so, the exactly measured position of this reference station is compared to the positioning data, calculated by its GPS receiver. Resulting pseudorange corrections are transmitted in real time to mobile user's receivers. Provided that a user's receiver is able to process DGPS signals, the corrections are applied to the calculation of its own position [2, 3]. In opposition to navigation position errors, caused by missing satellite signals, reception of too many signals can also lead to high inaccuracies, in case of one satellite signal has been received twice or more. The ground and other objects (e.g., buildings, hills, etc.) near a GPS receiver antenna can easily reflect satellite signals, resulting in one or more secondary propagation paths. These reflected signals have always a longer propagation time and can significantly disturb the original direct path signal. Such multipath errors cannot be reduced by DGPS, because signal reflections depend on the local geometry near each receiver antenna. But there are two other techniques to mitigate multipath effects. Spatial processing uses antenna design to isolate the direct path received signal. On the other hand, time domain processing operates only on the mulitpath-corrupted signal within the receiver [2]. Using an additional electronic vector map, especially in connection with route guidance systems, navigation system accuracy can be improved by the so-called map matching technique. Route guidance systems use electronic vector maps to calculate an optimum route from a start point to a desired destination, if necessary with alternative routes and automatic recalculation when the course deviates from the predicted route. In doing so, necessary information about position and motion of the vehicle are given by GPS or DGPS, wheel rotation sensors, magnetic compass and rotational speed sensors. If all of these information are available, the measured position can be combined with the covered route and projected onto the electronic vector map [3]. Map matching is only effective, while the underlying vector map is up-to-date. In cases where a predicted route cannot be used, for instance, if streets are blocked for construction, the navigation position error increases significantly, until an alternative route has been calculated. These effects can only be avoided, if updated electronic vector maps are online available and can be downloaded, for instance, using an UMTS connection. In environments, where a limited reception of GPS satellite signals is a priori not preventible (e.g., tunnels), so-called pseudolites are deployed. To augment the GPS constellation, pseudolites are ground-based transmitters that can be configured to emit GPS like signals. With respect to the benefits of pseudolits, there effectiveness depends on a number of technical issues, like signal power level and data rate, deployment requirements, and user antenna location and sensitivity [1]. All described techniques use additional information to augment satelltite based navigation systems and/or navigation errors are reduced by including suitable mathematical error models. In this context, most of these techniques are a mixed blessing. If additional information are not available or erroneous and/or mathematical error models are incorrect, these techniques usually lead to a larger navigation position error than basic inaccuracies, caused by missing or disturbed satellite signals. According to this, applicability and effectiveness of these techniques within a specific environment depends on if appropriate preconditions are satisfied in this environment. 2 Virtual Validation Environment Due to the complexity of the described approaches for satellite based navigation systems, it is too expensive in time and costs to validate such systems only at a late design stage on the basis of hardware-in-the-loop tests. To enable an efficient validation at an early design stage, a computer-based simulation environment for validation of different navigation system designs has been developed. Basically, this virtual validation environment consists of a data driven 3D-scene, a navigation system model and a navigation satellite model. The virtual 3D-scene, implemented on the basis of OpenGL, simulates representative environmental characteristics (e.g., streets, buildings, tunnels, etc.) in order to evaluate satellite based navigation systems. For a multifunctional usage with different scenes, all scene data (e.g., street map data, location and height of buildings, etc.) are loaded in XML format from an appropriate scene file. Within a specific 3D-scene, an interactive controllable automobile can be "driven" through the virtual world, for instance, to validate the satellite signal acquisition time of a GPS receiver for full updates at street intersections, where 4 satellite signals are available. During simulation, this car is controlled by a Tcl/Tk widget, including a steering wheel and a combined slider for speed and direction. Optionally, received as well as blocked satellite signals can be visualized while the car is "driven" through the streets, and in connection with the navigation filter, its uncertainty ellipse and a transparent "ghost" car can be displayed on the estimated car position. The software tools MLDesigner and SatLab are used to implement the navigation system model and the navigation satellite model. MLDesigner is a design tool for modeling, simulation and analysis of complex systems [4]. SatLab is an animation and analysis tool for wireless mobile communication and navigation systems [5]. For data exchange, both software tools use the so-called SAPM (SatLab Access Protocol Module) interface. The navigation system model consists of different interconnected MLDesigner blocks, implementing functional parts (e.g., navigation filter) of a specific satellite based navigation system design. Additionally, special interface blocks are used for communication with SatLab, the virtual 3D-scene, and the Tcl/Tk car controller widget. For various simulation scenarios, the navigation system model defines also a set of system parameters, which can be individually set for a specific simulation. This set of system parameters comprises the


A X-type hot film anemometer has been used to measure the secondary flow and turbulent structure in a gradually expanded rectangular open channel flow. The width B of the flume expands linearly in the flow direction x (dB/dx=1/12.5). Velocity measurements have been done in cross sections where aspect ratio Ar (=B/H; H: water depth) equals 2, 4, 6 and 8. The following results in each cross section are shown: isolines of primary mean velocity U, secondary flow pattern, distribution of local shear velocity u*b on the bed, isolines of turbulence intensity u', v', w' and Reynolds stress-uv.


Córdoba along with its hinterland is one of the most important cities in Argentina with a population in 2010 of more than 1,400,000 inhabitants. In this city, water is supplied by the San Roque Los Molinos reservoirs. The region is subject to strong variations in its hydrological cycles. Besides, a steady population growth experienced in recent years in the city and its hinterland has derived in conflicts in the water supply which were protracted by droughts, floods and changes in the land use. Additionally, periodic fires in the basin seriously deteriorated both reservoirs routing with very serious consequences. this study is presented to perform the assessment of impairment suffered annually by both lakes due to fires occurring in the Sierras de Cordoba. This study attempts to determine the increased siltation in reservoirs that supply water to the city as a result of fires. The model used to calculate the specified degradation in the basin is the Djorovic & Gavrilovic (1974). Results show a decrease in time lag to reach a total siltation of the reservoirs due to fires in the upper basin.


Goldman, Flake, and Matheson (1990) reported data on the reliability of student self-reports of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores and obtained correlations between .74 and .85 between actual and self-reported scores among university freshmen and sophomores. These authors suggested that additional data should be reported on upperclassmen. These analyses are based on Career Center intake forms collected on a women's liberal arts college campus on which students were asked to report their quantitative and verbal SAT scores. One hundred twenty-nine juniors and seniors completed intake forms (52% of full-time upperclass students). These self-reports were compared to official score reports in the students' files. Thirty-the students left the item blank or indicated that they could not remember their scores. These students' total SAT scores (using highest scores for those who took the SATs more than once) were significantly lower (M = 802, SD = 164) than those of students who reported scores (M = 881, SD = 198; t = 2.04, p< .05). Of the 96 juniors and seniors who reported scores there were 49 (51%) marches of SAT-Verbal, 40 (42%) matches of SAT-Quantitative, and 27 (28%) matches of SAT-Total. Matches were counted if the students' reports matched any of the scores reported. Fifty-three of the self-reporting students took the SAT two or more times. In this group, there were 51 matches on individual tests, of which 42 (82%) were with the highest individual scores they had obtained. Of the 103 nonmatches on the individual tests, 71 reports (69%) were higher than their highest obtained scores. The correlations of self-reported scores with highest obtained scores were .70, .63, and .64 for SAT-Verbal, SAT-Quantitative, and SAT-Total, respectively. These correlations are lower than those reported for freshmen and sophomores by Goldman, et a/. (1990). The difficulty of relying on selF-report data can be demonstrated by comparing SATVerbal scores with cumulative GPA. Self-reported SAT-Verbal scores and GPA were correlated .37, while highest actual SAT-Verbal scores of the self-reporting groups were correlated .44 with GPA. When SAT-Verbal scores for the entire group were compared to their GPAs, a correlation of .58 was obtained, indicating a range of common variance (;) from 13.7% to 33.6%. These analyses suggest that research efforts which rely on self-report of SAT scores may be tainted by a low rate of reporting among the lowest scoring students, by reports favoring highest scores, and by a large number of overestimates.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Toddlers'negative emotionality and mothers' parenting stress and the moderating roles of a husbands'cooperation, mother-teacher partnership, and other social support. The participants of this study were 248 mothers with toddlers aged 24-35 months. The method of research used was the questionnaire method. The collected data were mainly analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The main results of this study were as follows. First, there were differences in mother's parenting stress according to individual characteristics such as mothers employment status, parenting costs, mother's feeling of pregnancy. Second, a moderator effect of a husbands' cooperation was found in the relationship between toddlers'negative emotionality and mothers' parenting stress. Therefore, it was confirmed that husband's cooperation is more of an important factor in nursing children with negative emotions than other support systems.


We propose a trial concept that utilizes advanced multi-antenna solutions such as beamforming and spatial multiplexing with a massive number of antenna elements for use in a previously established trial system for the fifth generation (5G) mobile broadband communications system. Furthermore, we present experimental results showing that multi-user aggregated data rates exceeding 20 Gbps are possible in a real field environment.


ABSTRACT The single known species of the genus Lepilius Champion in the United States is formally described and named. Lepilius chisosensis Anderson, new species, is known from leaf litter samples taken in Pine Canyon, Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas. Lepilius chisosensis is distinguished from the only other described species in the genus, Lepilius pulchellus Champion, by the pattern of surface vestiture, robust tibia, and form of male genitalia. Numerous undescribed species of Lepilius are known from Mexico south into Honduras.


We examine whether Standard & Poor's (S&P) credit rating action reports contain new default-related information beyond credit rating actions such as rating changes, credit watch, and outlooks. We find that the net linguistic tone (negative minus positive tone) in the reports is significantly and negatively related to abnormal returns and predicts future rating changes. We discover that the provision of tone does not seem to be inflated by the conventional proxies of conflict of interest faced by S&P, as higher conflict of interest is related to more negative net tone. Moreover, the tone can predict future rating changes even when conflict of interest is high. Overall, our study reveals novel evidence on the information value of credit rating action reports. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance .


The article examines the process of adaptation of a modern person to rapid transformations of the surrounding world associated with the digitalization of the economy, the intellectualization of labor activity, and changes in the paradigm of the education system. The key features of a person of the future, i.e. an intellectual with high professional qualities and creative abilities, have been revealed. The intellectualization of labor activity requires spiritual maturity and high social responsibility from a person. It has been emphasized that an increase in the intellectual component of labor, introduction of high technology, high professionalism serve as the basis for a new motivational system of a person, displacing the system of material incentives: labor and human improvement - become categories of the same order. The intellectual abilities and the received high-quality education determine both the level of income and social status. The new model of "lifelong education", which is based on the principle of lifelong learning, is a source of human activity and readiness to go beyond their capabilities, and constant self-improvement turns into a way of being. The social destiny of a man of the future remains the preservation of culture and the provision of sustainable development of civilization.


A 65-year-old man came to the emergency department complaining of urgency and decreased urinary output. Sonography showed obstructive hydronephrosis due to prostatic enlargement. After treatment with an indwelling urethral catheter for 2 weeks, a transurethral prostatectomy was performed. Two weeks after being discharged, the patient retumed complaining of bilateral scrotal pain and swelling. Bilateral epididymal enlargement and tenderness were noted on physical examination. The clinical diagnosis was acute bilateral epididymitis. No imaging studies were performed at that time. Initially, the patient was treated with IV ampicillin and gentamicin. A urine culture obtained on admission revealed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain resistant to gentamicin. Therefore, his antibiotic regimen was switched to oral ciprofloxacin and IV tobramycin. On the seventh hospital day, the scrotum and epididymal areas remained swollen. A testicular sonogram, obtained to rule out an abscess, showed bilateral epididymal enlargement with loss of softtissue planes. Bilateral hydroceles with a few septa were identified. Both testicles appeared normal without evidence of an abscess (Fig. 1A). Neither Doppler sonography nor scintigraphy were performed at this time. A diagnosis of bilateral epididymitis without orchitis was made. By the 14th hospital day, physical examination revealed partial resolution of the scrotal swelling. However, progressive thickening and inflammation of the spermatic cords and epididymides were noted. Another emergent sonogram, obtained to determine a cause


Analytical and experimental work has been performed on the use of a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid brake for controlling torsional vibrations in rotating systems. In this paper, two different strategies are examined for controlling the MR brake in such applications. First, implementation of the MR fluid brake as a passive friction damper with a variable friction torque is presented. In that application, fixed currents were applied to the electromagnets in the MR brake. As a result, the dominant behavior of the brake was as a dry friction damper whose friction was a function of applied current. The second approach was the implementation of the MR brake in a modified skyhook damping control approach. In that application, the friction in the MR brake was adjusted according to a comparison between the sign of absolute velocity of the primary system and the sign of the relative velocity between the MR brake and the primary system in order to add effective damping to the system. Characterization of the MR brake was an essential part of both control strategies. This work includes the results of system identification performed on the MR fluid brake, along with experimental performance results of the system under the different control strategies.


The proper management of cetacean populations requires life history and demographic parameters to be estimated at population level. In this study we focus on a reproductive pathology that has the potential to alter reproductive rate: the vaginal calculi or stones. The present work documents vaginal calculi prevalence and structure in the eastern North Atlantic common dolphin Delphinus delphis in order to infer their likely mechanisms of induction and possible effects on fecundity. The work is based on routine examinations and necropsies of stranded marine mammals reported by the French stranding scheme from 1972 to 2012. Vaginal calculi were described and measured, and their composition was analyzed by Fourrier-Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Necropsies and reproductive tract examinations were performed on 435 female common dolphins since 1972 along the French coasts, of which 14 showed vaginal calculi, representing 3.2% of the examined females. All females with calculi were older than 7, and there was no relationship of calculus size with age. Histopathology revealed lesions due to an inflammatory response to the presence of the calculi: chronicle vaginitis, variable endometritis and cystitis. Calculus size varied from 1 to 21 cm in maximum dimension and 4–1,460 g in mass. Their internal structure was homogeneous, particularly due to the absence of core material, hence corresponding to the definition of primary calculi. All calculus spectra showed almost identical compositions, with struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) representing on average 87% of calculus mass. Dysfunction of the uro-genital tract, such as vesico-vaginal fistulae, would be the likely initial pathological condition that led to the formation of these stones. Both the initial chemical condition in the vagina and the resulting formation of a calculi are obstacles to successful reproduction.


Pineapple puree and juice of 11 to 12 °Brix were used to obtain pineapple powder using oven-drying technique. Addition of maltodextrin in treatments 2 and 4 yielded good quality powder, however addition of sugar and maltodextrin in treatments 1 and 3 resulted to sticky product which was processed to pineapple leather. Treatment 2 composed of pineapple puree and maltodextrin resulted to significantly higher powder recovery compared with treatment 4 which composed of pineapple juice and maltodextrin. The solubility of pineapple powder improved as maltodextrin concentration is increased from 40.00 % to 60.00 %.Addition of maltodextrin also reduced stickiness of the final product. An instant pineapple powder of 5.47 and 5.33 % moisture content could be produced by oven-drying.This level of moisture content will prohibit bacterial growth in the pineapple powder but may have mold or yeast growth with increase storage period at environments with high humidity. Molds were observed on the 17th day at 89.00 % relative humidity as exhibited by the moisture sorption isotherm data. This suggests that appropriate packaging with moisture barrier is recommended for pineapple powder. This study showedthat by using appropriate ratio of juice, puree, and maltodextrin and appropriate oven drying conditions, a good oven-dried pineapple powder could be obtained.


Femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP) is a powerful technique used to create self-organized microstructures with nanoscale features on metallic surfaces. By combining FLSP surface texturing with surface chemistry changes, either induced by the femtosecond laser during processing or introduced through post processing techniques, the wetting properties of metals can be altered. In this work, FLSP is demonstrated as a technique to create superhydrophobic surfaces on grade 2 titanium and 304 stainless steel that can retain an air film (plastron) between the surface and a surrounding liquid when completely submerged. It is shown that the plastron lifetime when submerged in distilled water or synthetic stomach acid is critically dependent on the specific degree of surface micro- and nano-roughness, which can be tuned by controlling various FLSP parameters. The longest plastron lifetime was on a 304 stainless steel sample that was submerged in distilled water and maintained a plastron for 41 days, the length of time of the study, with no signs of degradation. Also demonstrated for the first time is the precise control of pulse fluence and pulse count to produce three unique classes of surface micron/nano-structuring on titanium.


The article focuses on the possibility and conditions for legislative fastening of the category of «criminal misdemeanor». Examines the positive and negative consequences of such a decision.


SUMMARY In considering the numerous pathological conditions of the lung which can produce cavitation and mimic tuberculosis, we do not overlook the many instances in which cavernous tuberculosis may be present with sputum persistently negative, even over periods of many years. However, before making the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a patient with negative sputum whose x-ray picture may be indistinguishable from that produced by tuberculosis, exhaustive studies must be done to rule out other etiological agents. Papanicalaou smears for malignant cells, fungus studies of the sputum plus skin testing and serologic tests for the cavity producing fungus diseases, cardiac evaluation and studies of other organ systems for andications of polyarteritis, should all be part of the work-up of the patient with pulmonary cavitation and negative sputum. Even then, in some instances, final diagnosis cannot be made except by the pathologist, but many mistaken diagnoses of tuberculosis and tragic delays in surgery, will be avoided.


IN 1879 a paper was published' by Gamgee containing an account of a repetition of Buchanan's researches on the coagulating powers of the so-called "washed blood-clot." While fully confirming Buchanan's statements the author went a step further and prepared from the bloodclot an extremely active extract of the fibrin-ferment, upon whose presence in the clot, the coagulating powers of the latter were alone explicable. He found that by treating the clot with an 8 per cent. solution of sodic chloride a ferment solution of extraordinary activity was obtained, and from the reactions of this solution he came to the conclusion " that the so-called fibrin-ferment is in reality a proteid body belonging to the group of globulins." From what we know2 of the fibrin-ferment first obtained by Al. Schmidt, this body is certainly not a globulin and presumably not a proteid, although perhaps more closely allied to a proteid in composition than to any other class of bodies. This latter view seems justifiable in the light of our knowledge of the properties of such of the ferments as have been prepared up to the present time in the purest form, and of the assumption that the ferments are as a class closely allied in composition. Thus ptyalin is not a proteid, neither is pepsin, and the purified trypsin obtained by Kiihne, though not devoid of proteid reactions', is also probably not a true proteid. And although the analysis of bodies of whose purity there is at present no reliable criterion must of necessity be extremely unsatisfactory, still as far as such analysis has been made, it points certainly to a closer relationship in composition of the ferments with proteids than with any other class of organic bodies4.


According to the support vector regression (SVR), a new image watermarking detection algorithm against geometric attacks is proposed in this paper, in which the steady pseudo-Zernike moments and Krawtchouk moments are utilized. The main steps of watermark detecting procedure include: 1) some low-order Krawtchouk moments are calculated as the eigenvectors; 2) the appropriate kernel function is selected for training, and an SVR training model can be obtained; 3) the actual output is predicted by using the well trained SVR; 4) the digital watermark is extracted from the corrected test image. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking detection algorithm is not only robust against


Almost all parasitic plants, including more than 3000 species,
are angiosperms. The only suggested gymnosperm
exception is the New Caledonian conifer,
Parasitaxus
ustus
, which forms a bizarre graft-like attachment to the
roots of another conifer
Falcatifolium taxoides
. Yet, the
degree of resource dependence of
Parasitaxus
on
Falcatifolium
has remained speculative. Here we show that
Parasitaxus
is definitively parasitic, but it displays a physiological
habit unlike any known angiosperm parasite.
Despite possessing chloroplasts, it was found that the
burgundy red shoots of
Parasitaxus
lack significant photosynthetic
electron transport. However unlike nonphotosynthetic
angiosperm parasites (holoparasites),
tissues of
Parasitaxus
are considerably enriched in
13
carbon
relative to its host. In line with anatomical observations of
fungal hyphae embedded in the parasite/host union, stable
carbon isotopic measurements indicate that carbon transport
from the host to
Parasitaxus
most likely involves a
fungal partner. Therefore,
Parasitaxus
parallels fungusfeeding
angiosperms (mycoheterotrophs) that steal carbon
from soil mycorrhizal fungi. Yet with its tree-like habit,
association with fungi residing within the host union, high
stomatal conductance, and low water potential, it is demonstrated
that
Parasitaxus
functions unlike any known
angiosperm mycoheterotroph or holoparasite.
Parasitaxus
appears to present a unique physiological chimera of mistletoe-
like water relations and fungal-mediated carbon trafficking
from the host.


With 28 Damage Indicators (DIs) and anywhere from 3 to 12 Degrees of Damage (DODs) for each DI, the EF-scale involves a relatively steep learning curve compared to the F-scale. To further complicate training and education, there is built in uncertainty in the EF-scale in that each DOD exhibits a wide range of valid winds that overlap EF ratings. There is no single education approach which can accomplish complete understanding by the student.


This paper designs a survey questionnaire based on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area's demand for talents in international trade, adds job types, filters through package features, and performs feature filtering with the error filter criteria set in this paper, and conducts logistic regression analysis on talent types, so as to realize the classification and dynamic analysis of talents. The dynamic needs of various types of talents in international trade in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are drawn, and specific measures such as increasing salaries and benefits, reducing living costs, providing housing subsidies, solving children's employment problems, and ensuring quality of life are proposed for the development of international trade talents. Reducing the cost of talent migration can promote them to make more contributions to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. This will help the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area government to attract outstanding international trade talents and formulate detailed and feasible strategies, which has certain reference significance.


Naturally occurring primordial radionuclides, particularly those of the uranium-radium series, in a karstic system like that of Maras in the Drama area, Northern Greece, were examined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Radon in karstic waters was monitored by alpha scintillation detectors (Lucas cells), Clipperton-type detectors (silicon diodes) and solid state nuclear track-etch detectors (LR-115). Trace elements were determined using the instrumental nuclear activation analysis (INAA) method. Although the specific activities of the natural radionuclides in bedrocks (marbles) were at the level of the earth's crust average abundance, they were enhanced in the clay materials (soil intrusions), soils and sediments of the karstic system. Radon in karstic waters increased in the spring and summer periods (water crisis period) and decreased in the fall and winter periods. Of the major elements, the occurrence of calcium, iron and potassium, and of the minor elements, the occurrence of strontium and zinc in significant concentrations characterized the karstic system.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing hydrogen gas, intended to provide an open loop iodine bound sulfur and industrial cogeneration hydrogen sulfate, sulfuric acid and the process methods and apparatus of power. The method of the present invention include a sulfur-containing fossil fired, a Bunsen reaction, phase separation HIx and H 2 SO 4 solution phase, concentrated and then purified by electrodialysis HIx phase, HI membrane catalytic decomposition decomposition reactor I 2 and the final product H 2 . The method of the present invention No CO 2 released zero emission system, greatly simplifies the system, and the saturated steam can be externally supplied electricity, while hydrogen has been shortage of sulfate chemical basic materials.


The aim of this study was to examine the university students' attitudes towards leisure activities and to compare the participants' attitudes levels according to different variables. In total, 261 (nfemale=147; age=21.20±2.21, nmale=114; age=22.31±2.80) university students that study in different universities in the Central Anatolia participated in the study. "Leisure Attitudes Scale" (LAS) developed by Ragheb and Beard (1982) and adapted to Turkish by Akgul and Gurbuz (2010) was used in the study. The attitudes of the participants towards the leisure time activities are evaluated by the Likert type scale over 5. LAS is made up of 36 articles and 3 sub-dimensions such as cognitive (12), affective (12), and behavioral (12). In order to determine whether the attitude scores of the participants vary depending on the independent variables, t-test and MANOVA were used for independent groups in the analysis of the data. In the light of the findings of the study significant differences were detected in the attitude scores of the participants according to their sex and ages (p<.05).  The scores of attitudes of the women and the participants between ages 18-22 are more on the positive side towards the leisure activities compared to the rest of the participants. Moreover, according to the results of the analysis, the attitudes of the individuals who take part in the physical activities are more positive than the one who do not. Overall, highest attitude scores of the participants towards leisure activities are on the cognitive aspect.


Undergraduate students may find computer science to be a tough subject to learn. Students might not grasp concepts with traditional teaching methods, even if they are ideal. Likewise, instructors could also find computer science hard to teach. This predicament could lead to poor academic performance for students as well as students not possessing adequate programming skills needed for software development careers. Gamification is the application of game-like elements to non-gaming activities used to encourage people to participate in those activities and achieve specific goals. Emerging research proves the effectiveness of gamification in academia, especially in the computer science realm. Thus, we have built two gaming modules for teaching object-oriented programming (OOP) and binary search. This paper discusses the design, development, and testing of virtual reality instructional (VRI) modules based on gaming metaphors. Constructivism and usability were considered while developing them. A user study found that about 75% of undergraduate students found the OOP module was easy to use and about 92% of them thought that it is effective at helping them learn OOP.


A review of data on the possible causes of an increase rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) and antibodies to modified citrullinated vimentin (AMCV) in patients without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is presented. The possibility of hyperproduction of these autoantibodies before the development of the clinical picture of RA was indicated. It is indicated that ACCP and IgA RF have the greatest prognostic value in terms of the subsequent development of RA. These antibodies are recommended to be additionally determined in diagnostically difficult cases. Data on the sensitivity and specificity of detection of RF, ACCP and AMCV in the diagnosis of RA are summarized. The results of detection of the discussed antibodies in various rheumatic (other than RA) and non-rheumatic diseases are presented in detail. Particular attention is paid to diseases in which increased synthesis of RF, ACCP and AMCV may not be accompanied by clear clinical symptoms (Sjögren's disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, some chronic infections, silicosis, monoclonal gammopathy, etc.). Recommendations are given for examining patients with "accidentally" identified increase in RF or ACCP.


Background:

Hybrid capture based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in a spectrum of human leukemias has led to a deepened understanding of biological mechanism of leukemogenesis and improved risk stratification and has provided additional options for targeted therapy beyond standard chemotherapy or transplantation. However, most adults with leukemia still relapse after initial therapy, and incorporating comprehensive genomic profiling results into clinical practice still requires clear guidelines and evidence on how this compares with the conventional diagnosis approach. Here we analyzed a consecutive series of 116 acute leukemia patients profiled by FoundationOne Heme to learn how the results compared with current standard of care diagnosis and how any additional insights into the genomic alterations may lead to a changed or improved diagnosis, therapy and prognosis.

Methods:

A total of 116 consecutive newly diagnosed or relapse/refractory leukemia patients from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were profiled by FoundationOne Heme. DNA and RNA integrated next-generation sequencing was performed in a CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited, NYS-approved laboratory for comprehensive genomic profiling. All captured libraries were sequenced to high depth averaging 569X for DNA (405 genes) and >3M unique pairs for RNA (265 genes). Somatic variants identified included short variants, copy number amplification and loss and rearrangements. Ninety-nine patients had Karyotyping and/or FISH performed at the same time to allow comparing results between platforms.

Results:

The age of this clinical sample cohort range from 19 to 85, with median age of 54. The diagnosis included AML (49), ALL (29), LGL (12), CML (7), MDS (4), and 16 other subtypes. CGP was performed at the time of diagnosis (47 patients, 41%), relapsed/refractory (58 patients, 50%), stable disease (7 patients, 6%) and complete remission (3 patients, 3%). CGP successfully reported 308 alterations in 103 patients with an average of 3.0 alterations per patient, including 158 base substitutions, 75 indels, 21 copy number amplification or loss, and 54 rearrangements.

High concordance of known translocations, including BCR-ABL1, RUNX1T1-RUNX1, PML-RARA, MLLT10-MICALM, MLL-rearrangement, ETV-6 rearrangement and EVI1 rearrangement, were observed between FoundationOne Heme and Karyotpye/FISH in 76 out of 78 cases (97%). In addition to genomic abnormalities identified by Karyotype/FISH, CGP identified additional clinically relevant alterations in 61 cases (59%). These alterations included genes associated with new targeted therapies, such as FLT3, IDH1/2, KRAS/NRAS/BRAF and KIT and known/novel prognostic biomarkers, including TP53, NF1, CDKN2A/B, and RB1 (Figure 1). Novel fusions involved in NUP98, ABL1, PDGFRB, JAK2 were found in 12 patients, and 4 known/novel Ph-like ALL signature fusions were identified which can inform the use of clinically available targeted therapies for these patients with high-risk ALL.

Conclusion:

CGP has high concordance with standard of care testing (Karyotyping/FISH) with respect to the detection of known translocations/fusion genes. More importantly, CGP allowed for the identification of additional clinically relevant genomic alterations in a substantial fraction of leukemia patients seen in routine clinical care. These data demonstrate CGP can inform novel therapeutic interventions, improve accuracy of clinical diagnosis, and provide added value to improve prognosis prediction in adult leukemia.

![Figure 1][1]

Figure 1

Disclosures He: Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bailey: Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Park: Amgen: Consultancy; Genentech/Roche: Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Douer: Shire: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Gilled Sciences, Inc: Consultancy; Spectrum: Consultancy. Nahas: Foundation medicine: Employment. Otto: Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment. Vergilio: Foundation Medicine: Employment. Mughal: Foundation Medicine: Employment, Equity Ownership. Ross: Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment. Stephens: Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Miller: Foundation Medicine: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lipson: Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment.

 [1]: pending:yes


The objectives of this paper are to identify the contributing factors to households' choice of the number of vehicles used for evacuation and to develop predictive models of this choice that explicitly consider the constraint imposed by the number of vehicles owned by the household. This constraint is not accommodated by regular ordered response logit models. Data comes from a poststorm survey for Hurricane Ivan. Two models that are variants of the regular Poisson regression model are developed: a Poisson model with exposure and right-censored Poisson regression. The right-censored Poisson model is preferred due to its inherent capabilities, better fit to the data, and superior predictive power. The model and individual variable analyses indicate that households traveling longer distances or evacuating later are more likely to use fewer vehicles. Households with prior hurricane experience and pet owners are more likely to use a greater number of vehicles. Income and distance from the coast are insignificant in the multivariable models, although the individual effect of distance from the coast has a statistically significant bivariate relationship with vehicle usage choice based on the Pearson correlation measure. A method for using the right-censored Poisson model to produce the desired share of vehicle usage is also discussed for generating individual predictions for hurricane evacuation demand simulation.


A floor module used to support a centrifuge machine is a steel framework embedded in a 2-ft (610-mm) thick concrete slab. This steel framework is made up of four cylindrical hollow sockets tied together with four S-beams to form a square pattern. In the event of a centrifuge machine wreck, large forces are transmitted from the machine to the corner sockets (through connecting steel lugs) and to the concrete slab. The floor modules are loaded with a combination of torsion and shear forces in the plane of the floor slab. Precisely how these wreck loads are transmitted to, and reacted by, the floor modules and the surrounding concrete was the scope of a series of full-scale tests performed at the DOE Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plant (GCEP) located near Piketon, Ohio. This report describes the tests and the results of the data reduction to date.


Climate and environment changes not only exert impact on the nature, but also on the society, economy and polity. On the basis of scientific assessment of climate and environment changes in China, the advantages and the disadvantages of the climate and environment changes are discussed in various aspects, such as ecosystem, agriculture, soil degradation, industry, traffic, service, city, and living conditions. In addition, the effect of climatic change on the regional sustainable development has been evaluated, and measures to adapt and mitigate its adverse effects of climate and environment changes have been put forward.


Submitted for the 51st Annual Meeting Division of Plasma Physics November 2–6, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia Intrinsic Rotation of Pellet Ablation Clouds* P.B. Parks GA, T. Lu, R. Samulyak, BNL — The finite resistivity code Frontier-MHD [1] is used to simulate the ablation rate of refueling pellets, including the effect of electrostatically induced ExB rotation of the ablation cloud about its symmetry axis parallel to the magnetic field [2]. The radial electric field E is set up as a consequence of charge and current neutralization at the end sheaths of the ablation column. The key finding is that the centrifugal force of cloud rotation pushes the cloud density radially outwards, creating a more "transparent" ablation channel. With reduced shielding, the steady-state ablation rate of a deuterium pellet significantly increases by ~35% to 100%, depending on the B-field strength. This effect brings the ablation rate into better accord with a known theoretical scaling law, which agrees with most current experiments. However, the transient ablation rate is shown under the rather extreme situation of a fast pellet traveling across the steep-gradient pedestal region of ITER, to be a factor of 2 lower than predictions from the quasi-steady models. [1] R. Samulyak et al., Nucl. Fusion 47, 103 (2007). [2] P.B. Parks et al., Phys Plasmas 16, ??? (2009) *Work supported by US DOE under DE-FG03-95ER54309.


This report provides an assessment of five correlations for estimating the entrainment flow rate. These correlations are compared using air-water experimental entrainment probe data obtained under a wide range of system pressure from 0.30 to 20MPa. There are no correlations that are able to predict the pressure effect under a wide range of pressure for the entrainment flow rate. Two new correlations for the pressure ranges 0.12∼5.0MPa and 7.0∼20.0MPa for predicting the entrainment flow rate are presented. Also, the correlations for minimum superficial gas velocity that be able to divide between liquid lumps and entrainment flow rates are presented, and these conditions are coincide with the mean film thickness 1.Omm.


Clotting is a highly complex process and its excessive activation can lead to major risk events. Therefore, anticoagulant treatment is one of the mainstays of pharmacology. Vitamin K antagonists were the only oral anticoagulants available for more than half a century. In the early 2000s new possibilities emerged in this field. The direct and selective mechanism by which they inhibit clotting factors along with their rapid onset of action, the diminished intra-and interindividual variability, the short half-life, the fact that routine therapeutic drug monitoring is not necessary, their strong antithrombotic effect were the main supporting arguments put forth for the use of the direct anticoagulants. Taking into account their innovative aspect, health practitioners were reluctant to prescribe these new drugs and invoked their main shortcomings, both medical (e.g.: lack of an antidote, higher bleeding risk when impaired renal function, certain prescribing restrictions etc.) and financial ones. Why should a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) be used instead of a vitamin K antagonist? Which would be the best option among the NOACs? These are the most important questions that need answers, which can be obtained by studying the pharmacologic profile of these drugs.


Muscular work increases glucose utilization by muscle possibly by a mechanism which regulates the permeability to glucose. Sacks and Smith(1) have shown that there is a specific steric requirement for the Eon-metabolized sugar to penetrate the cell membrane during muscular contraction. The effects of insulin and muscular work are additive. Goldstein and co-workers (2,3) have suggested that this increased permeability for glucose could be due to a humoral effect. Our experiments have been performed to determine if a buffer solution which has been surrounding a contracting uterine muscle, affects the passage of glucose to diaphragm, adipose tissue of the epididymis, kidney and brain. Materials and methods. Buffer solutions surrounding uteri in periodic contraction and permanent relaxation were obtained as previously described(4). The effect of buffer (C-B) used for contracting tissue on glucose up-take was measured by diluting it in Warburg flasks with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. When diaphragm was used, 1 ml of C-B was mixed with 1 ml of Krebs-Henseleit, when kidney, epididymal fat or brain were employed, 0.1 ml of C-B was mixed with 1.9 ml of Krebs-Henseleit. Pyruvate was also added to the latter when brain tissue was incubated. Equal volumes of "relaxation buffer" (R-B) were used for the controls. Incubation conditions were as follows: the final volume was 2 ml, glucose concentration was 3 mg/ml, the wet weights of brain slices were 50-75 ma, those of kidney, diaphragm and epididymal fat 150-200 mg. Incubation lasted 1½ hours for muscle and kidney, 1 hour for brain and 4 hours for epididymal fat and was carried out at 37°C with 70-80 cycles of 2 cm amplitude/min in air, except for brain tissues. In the latter case a 9576 O2-5% CO2 mixture was used.


The detection of X‐ray narrow spectral features in the 5–7 keV band is becoming increasingly more common in AGN observations, thanks to the capabilities of current X‐ray satellites. Such lines, both in emission and in absorption, are mostly interpreted as arising from Iron atoms. When observed with some displacement from their rest frame position, these lines carry the potential to study the motion of circumnuclear gas in AGN, providing a diagnostic of the effects of the gravitational field of the central black hole. These narrow features have been often found with marginal statistical significance. We are carrying on a systematic search for narrow features using spectra of bright type1 AGNs available in the XMM‐Newton archive. The aim of this work is to characterise the occurrence of the narrow features phenomenon on a large sample of objects and to estimate the significance of the features through Monte Carlo simulations. The project and preliminary results are presented.


Abstract : This study investigated the fate of copper, zinc, cadium, nickel, and lead contaminants in secondary treated sewage effluent for four different soils. Five large undisturbed monoliths of each soil were enclosed in drainage lysimeters. In addition field plots of two of the soils were treated similarly. The effluent was spiked with 1 ppm of each of the metals and applied at a rate which averaged 2.7 cm per week for one year. Natural rainfall was excluded from the plots to facilitate continuous application. Samples of the Bermuda grass, soil samples at a series of depths, and samples of water in the root zone area from the bottom of the lysimeter were periodically collected and analyzed for heavy metals. The total metal content of the soil samples was determined as well as the soluable, exchangeable and organic bond fractions. The majority of the applied metal accumulated in the top 12-1/2-cm of soil, with the greatest concentrations at the surface. Downward movement of the metals in the profile was slow and no metals were in any of the soils. Only very small portions of the applied metals were taken up by the vegetation during the study.


This study aimed to describe the form of Arabic grammatical errors that occur in the Arabic debate competition in Indonesia both off-line and on-line, the factors, the impact, and solutions for grammatical errors. The material object of this research was the video of the Arabic debate competition in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach to grammatical errors in the video of the Arabic debate competition in Indonesia. The results showed that  29 grammatical errors were found in syntax errors and 18 morphological errors. From the 47 errors found, the factors were inter-language errors or interference and intra-language errors. These factors have an impact on changing the meaning of a sentence and also have an impact on misunderstanding communication between speakers. The solutions offered to improve and reduce the error are the need for good preparation in syntactic and morphological aspects for debaters before competing, conducting intensive training, and increasing seriousness in exploring and understanding Arabic debate.


ABSTRACT This report compares the features of the 2nd and 3rd editions of OCLC's CJK cataloging as implemented at the Chicago Public Library. The 3rd edition is faster for cataloging than the 2nd edition. Alternatively, the 2nd edition has other benefits including stability. Perspectives such as the quality of CJK cataloging between the 2nd and the 3rd edition are discussed also.


Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective Children with cerebral palsy experience functional limitations because of excessive muscle weakness, spasticity, and impaired motor control. They are prescribed ankle-foot orthoses to assist with ambulation. Our objective was to analyze stride length and dorsiflexion data comparing the effectiveness of "ankle-foot orthoses" with "barefoot or shoes only" on ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Design An electronic literature search was conducted. Studies were screened by two reviewers based on our inclusion criteria: prospective cohort study or randomized clinical trial, participants younger than 18 yrs with a primary diagnosis of cerebral palsy, ankle-foot orthoses with a control group, 20 combined participants in the experimental and control groups for cohort studies, and 10 participants for randomized clinical trials. Results Seventeen studies were selected. Pooled results of the meta-analyses showed that stride length was significantly better in the ankle-foot orthoses group as compared with the control group (mean difference between groups = 0.05 m (95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.06). The dorsiflexion angle (5 studies, 124 participants) was improved in patients with ankle-foot orthoses as compared with barefoot or shoes only (mean difference between groups = 8.62 degrees (95% confidence interval = 8.05–9.2). Conclusions Children with cerebral palsy using ankle-foot orthoses had improved stride length and dorsiflexion angle during gait in a pooled meta-analyses of cohort studies and clinical trials.


Background: The achievement of learning targets for dental care at the Dental
Health Department, Poltekkes of Manado indicated that in the academic year
2007/2008 there were 31.3% students who did not meet the targets of tooth
extraction and in 2008/2009 there were 38.2% students who failed to meet the
targets, much more than expected by the institution that none of the students failed to
achieve the targets. This study was conducted to identify factors affecting the success
of the students in meeting the learning targets of dental care at the Dental Health
Department of Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Manado.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with a total population sample of 44
students at the fifth semester, Dental Health Department of Poltekkes, Ministry of
Health, Manado. The independent variables consist of internal factors, which are:
1) attitude, 2) intention, 3) motivation, and external fa tors, comprising: 1) parental
and familial support, 2) lecturers/tutors, and 3) infrastructure and facilities. The
dependent variable is the success of students in achieving the learning targets of
dental care at the clinics of the Dental Health Poltekkes, Manado. Data were
collected using questionnaire, and analyzed using logistic regression methods.
Results: The results of logistic regression analyses show that motivation variable
(OR = 73.562, CI = 3.872 � 1397.42, p = 0.004), infrastructure and facilities
(OR = 26.533, CI = 2.176 � 323.540, p = 0.01) significantly associated with greater
success in achieveng the learning objectives of dental health care in the Dental
Health Department of Poltekkes Manado. While attitude (p = 0.369), intention
(p = 0.296) and parental / family support (p = 0.296) were not associated with the
achievement of learning objectives.
Conclusion: 1) The higher motivation, the better the perceptions on the roles of
teachers/tutors, and the better the perceptions on infrastructure and facilities, the
higher the succes of students in achieving the learning targets of dental care at the
clinics of Dental Health Department, Poltekkes, Manado


Abstract.Purpose - The banking and financial sector is a dynamic sector that regularly goes through a series of structural changes. Global bank consolidation and concentration processes have prompted a lively discussion on the part of scholars and practitioners regarding the influence of concentration on the efficiency and competition levels in the banking system, the financial and macroeconomic stability of countries and the growth of economies. It has been noted that the banking sector tolerates high levels of concentration rather well compared to other business sectors, thanks to the apparent benefits of concentration on the increasing stability of the financial system. The aim of this article is to identify underlying causes affecting the mergers and acquisitions in banking and to assess their effect on the domestic financial system.Design/methodology/approach - The authors used qualitative and quantitative methods of study in analysing the impact of bank mergers and acquisitions on the country's financial system. The qualitative analysis has allowed the authors to present their own interpretation of the issue at hand, and has given them a chance to approach the problem of the study holistically. The quantitative study has provided a basis for analysing dynamic regularities, performing and comparing calculations, assessing data interrelation and reliability. The article includes logical analysis and synthesis of studies dealing with bank mergers and acquisitions. To identify the potential elements that lead to stability in the financial system, and the possible impact that the on-going consolidation process might have on the banking sector, the authors have carried out expert analysis.Findings - Mergers and acquisitions in banking take place to enhance the wellbeing of shareholders and to attain an economic effect; the aspect of stability in mergers and acquisitions is short-lived and is usually inspired by the government. Lithuania's modern banking market has evolved through mergers and acquisitions; strategic investors have helped countries with transitional economies ensure the stability of their banking systems and capitalise on economies of scale. Several large banks operating in a small open economy (and a transitional economy in particular) provide the backbone for the stability of its financial sector. Originality/Value - This article dealing with the impact of mergers and acquisitions of banks on the country's financial system is a new and original piece of scientific work that evaluates the mutual ties of banks' mergers and acquisitions, as well as their effect on the domestic financial system. The authors have conducted an in-depth study of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the country's financial system, revealing potential problems involved in merger and acquisition transactions.Keywords: mergers; acquisition; banking; financial intermediaries; financial system.JEL Classification: E44, G34(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionGlobal mergers and acquisitions processes in banking have prompted a lively discussion on the part of scholars and practitioners regarding the influence of concentration on the efficiency and competition levels in the banking system, the financial and macroeconomic stability of countries and the growth of economies. According to the World Bank, a survey of 72 countries has revealed banking concentration in more than half (57 per cent or 41 countries) of them to have exceeded 71 per cent in 1990-2009.In recent years, studies of the effects of concentration on the financial system have become particularly important for several reasons, one of the most significant of them being the rapid processes of banking concentration and consolidation that are taking place on the global or national level, posing questions about the influence of the growing concentration on financial stability.The purpose of this article is to identify underlying causes affecting the mergers and acquisitions in banking and to assess their effect on the domestic financial system. …


Growing ethnic and cultural diversity within Europe has brought increased attention to the impact and inclusion of immigrant populations and has also presented societies with valuable opportunities for intercultural learning between diverse groups. Using the International Civic and Citizenship Study data from 24 European education systems, in this paper we explore whether fostering an atmosphere of inclusion in schools relates to select attitudes and behaviours typically associated with an inclusive society, particularly among immigrant students. Our study is able to tease out some of the differences related to social class among immigrant students, opening up important avenues for discussion and future research. According to our findings, first generation immigrant students from higher socio-economic status backgrounds tended to have significantly more negative attitudes toward their resident country. Findings also collectively suggest that local-level practices, such as improving immigrant student participation in schools and positive relations between immigrant students and teachers, could be significant factors in fostering an inclusive society. Based on these results, we describe several education policies and practices that can promote greater inclusion, such as encouraging increased civic participation within the school and community, and providing a forum where students can contribute to school governance.


This facility to use these tools has empowered many and has created a rise in the numbers of people who can research software vulnerabilities. It has created more security professionals who cannot only scan a target for vulnerabilities using a tool such as Nessus, but who can complete tests involving system exploitations and hence validate the results presented to them by a scanner. But, this ends when a new application with unexpected calls or controls is found. What do we do when presented with a special case? Here we have to again return to the old art of crafting shellcode. At some stage, if we are to be more than white hat script kiddies and want to come to actually understand the application we need to learn how to craft our own custom shellcode. In this article, we start to explain the process used to do this.


All constitutions seek to enable government, structure its powers, and limit them. To do this effectively, constitutions must enjoy a legitimacy which is broader and deeper than that enjoyed by any specific organ of government or any specific policy or piece of legislation. A constitution's fundamental nature is supposed to provide elements of the "civil religion" that binds all members of society and all major groups within it to the constitutional system. Obtaining the legitimacy needed for fulfilling such a major role in any society depends, to a great extent, on the different roles various organs play in framing and adopting constitutional regimes, and on the roles they play within these regimes. The roles played by various organs in the constitutional process should also differ in accordance to the three distinct elements of a constitution in terms of structure and functions: credos, rules of the game, and bills of rights. Thus, the roles played by various organs should depend on a complicated interrelationship of both the phase of the constitutional process and the part of the constitution under discussion. In this chapter, I argue that legislatures and courts have different roles in the phases of constitutionalism. The role played by legislatures (or, more accurately, by the people's representatives) is almost exclusive during constitution making, central when amending the constitution, and then diminishes during the application/interpretation of the constitution.


Human is the existence of nature and society and the formation of its nature is closely related to the survival environment.Tiening's the Great Bathing Woman displays the relationship between human nature and social environment from the perspective of YinXiaotiao and other characters' different living experience.It is a rough course for human to pursue beauty,spurn ugliness,and break though the perplexity of humanity.


In order to understand the effect of different afforestation models on soil fertility of artificial water conservation forest,in August 2010,we chose three afforestation models: Pinus tabuliformis+Acer elegantulum+Amorpha fruticosa L.(Ⅰ),Pinus tabuliformis +Quercus mongolica+ Acer elegantulum(Ⅱ) and Amygdalus davidaiana+Castanea mollissima(Ⅲ) which were planted in Experimental Area of Artificial Water Conservation Forest in Taishitun town,Miyun county,Beijing,2008,set three plots in corresponding afforestation models: standard one(S1),standard two(S2) and standard three(S3).The soil fertility of the three models of water conservation forest was evaluated by applying descriptive statistical analysis.The results show that: the order of soil organic matter status in each forest is ⅡⅠⅢ,the organic matter content of S3 was 11.3 g/kg,which was 54.3% and 54% lower than that of S1 and S2,respectively;the oder of total N and total K contents is ⅠⅡⅢ,the contents of total N in Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were and 1.63 g/kg,1.34 g/kg and 0.80 g/kg;the contents of total K in Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 2.65 g/kg,2.32 g/kg and 1.71 g/kg,respectively;the contents of the available K in Ⅰ,Ⅱ and III were 48.45 mg/kg,96.65 mg/kg and 37.75 mg/kg.The botanic species is abundant,forest canopy closure is high and quantity of litter accumulation is much in the mixed needleleaf and broadleaf forest,which significantly improves soil fertility in artificial water conservation forest.


By Jim Lundy This isn't a new story about Corporate Learning, but it is one that is repeated time and time again. The Learning and Development (L&D) department may miss the mark or may be out of touch with what the business feels is the need to train...


Whether and how monetary expansion affects the real economy is an issue that is well studied but still triggers dissent and debates. This paper utilizes the adjustment of reserve requirements due to the phase-in program of the 1980 Monetary Control Act and annual updates of reserve regulations as a natural experiment to study the local economic consequences of changes in monetary supply. These changes to reserve requirement by the Federal Reserve were motivated by aggregate (national level) trends and set at the national level, with no specific consideration of local needs. Depending on the membership status with the Federal Reserve and the composition of deposits, the policy changes the amount of reserve requirement to different degrees for individual banks, and hence for different counties on the regional-aggregate level. Using 1982-1992 data, I show that reduction in the reserve requirement increases new loans extended by banks. Moreover, the reduction in required reserve leads to employment growth at the county level. Consistent with the expectation that the reserve changes would matter more for firms and industries more reliant on bank financing, I find that this growth effect is stronger for smaller firms (defined as 1-19 employees) than larger firms (100+ employees) and more significant for industries with a higher level of dependence on external finance. ∗I thank Jagadeesh Sivadasan, Amiyatosh Purnanandam, Kathryn Dominguez, Kyle Handley, Achyuta Adhvaryu and participants at University of Michigan BE Seminars and my PhD colleagues. All errors remain mine.


The invention relates to electrolysis cells used for the production of aluminium.Les side walls (8) of the tank, surrounding its pot (4, 4 ') are formed on at least a portion of their height and / or their thickness, a portion made of porous material (13) adapted to allow circulation of a coolant gas, the porous material part (13) being connected to the input means (15) and outlet (16) the heat transfer gas, so as to constitute a heat exchanger recovering the waste heat energy to the sides of the tank.


The aim of this article is to describe the first case of Hutchinson‐Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) in Togo and review all Africans cases. Our patient was a 12.8‐year‐old Togolese boy followed in our unit till he was 15‐year‐old for HGPS. He was the only child of non‐consanguineous parents. The phenotypic findings were craniofacial dysmorphy, dwarfism, lipodystrophy, diffusely scattered hyperpigmented foci, pyriform thorax, nail dystrophy, decreased joint mobility, and camptodactyly. He had characteristic facies with prominent forehead, prominent eyes, absent ear lobule, thin nasal skin, convex nasal profile, micrognathia, and crowded teeth. Radiologicals findings were bilateral coxa valga, pyriform thorax, and acro‐osteolysis. We sequenced the entire coding region of LMNA gene, and mutation analysis revealed a heterozygous mutation c.1824C>T (p.Gly608Gly). Our patient is therefore the fifth African and the fourth with classical mutation, first of Western Africa, and second of (sub‐Saharan) African black race. The recurrence of HGPS is low like the cause is neomutation or germinal mosaicism.


Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug that is now used commonly for several other neurological and psychiatric indications. While VPA is usually well tolerated, on rare occasions, it has  To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. Tel: +45 655


African‐American (AA) has historically been associated with inferior graft survival after pancreas transplantation. However, with the improvement of immunosuppression and surgical technique, we hypothesized that the racial disparity has been neutralized.


Discomorpha carlobrivioi, a new species from Bolivia is described. It is close to D. metallica (GUERIN) and D. santaremi BOROWIEC et D¥BROWSKA but differs from both relatives in pubescent elytra.


Soil moisture status has an important effect on the process of denitrification in paddy soils. However, it is unclear how it affects the ferrous iron-involved denitrification. Here, the influence of drying-rewetting cycles on ferrous iron-involved denitrification in paddy soil were studied with batch experiments. The dynamics of nitrate, ammonia, Fe2+, Fe3+ and total organic carbon (TOC), as well as nitrous oxide (N2O) were investigated using the iron-rich paddy soil in Jiangxi province, South China. Results demonstrated that the denitrification rate dropped while ammonia nitrogen content (NH4+-N) showed a rapid accumulation in the drying period. In the rewetting period, organic carbon played two-side roles. Organic carbon and ferrous iron together provided electron donors to denitrification, and organic carbon simultaneously reduced ferric iron under anaerobic environment. There were complex interactions among organic carbon, nitrate and Fe2+/Fe3+ under drying-rewetting cycles. Soil rewetting led to denitrification flush, especially after a moderately long drying period, while excessively frequent drying-rewetting alternation was not favorable to nitrate denitrification.


To expand the options for use of recycled ground tire rubber, a composite material composed eo epoxy resin and rubber particles treated with radio frequency O 2 plasma has been studied. The number and nature ofchemical species deposited on the rubber particles were evaluated by X-ray photoeiectri spectroscopy (XPS) which showed increases in the number of C-OH, -COOH groups on the surfaces of the particles after treatment with 02 plasma. Tensile and impact testing of composites made with treated and untreated particles showed that compared to neat epoxy resin, composites made with treated particles lost less tensile strength than composites made with untreated particles. Similarly, composites with treated particles gained less impact strength than composites made untreated particles. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated that rubber particles were adhered to epoxy resin well enough to be deformed when the composite was stressed in tension. In addition, the treated rubber-epoxy composites ' resistance to organic solvents was greater than that of composites with untreated rubber particles.


India's power sector is facing an actuate problem of meeting the growing demand of electricity. Improving energy efficiency by employing energy efficient devices would be the better alternative for meeting apart of the new demand. The use of energy efficient motor instead of standard induction motor in agricultural and industrial sector. It will result into substantial saving in electrical energy over a standard motor. The effort taken introduced in this paper analyze use of additional energy in different norm in a cycle plant in addition energize the utilization of energy productive motor over standard Induction Motor with boundary like motor input power (kVA), energy consumed (kWh), apparent power, power factor and efficiency (kW).


1 Corresponding Author 135 DOI: 10.37398/JSR.2020.640219 Abstract: Exponential increase in the human population, economic upliftment and urbanization has prompted noticeable variations in land use and land cover (LULC) in tropical ecosystems. Such changes are negatively affecting the potential of these native ecological systems to provide economic and ecological services to the society, and thus needs policy formulation. This study aims to assess vegetation cover and vegetation types under different LULC in Barkachha, Mirzapur India for 10 years (from 2008 and 2018) using remote sensing and field study data. This investigation applied a supervised classification-maximum likelihood algorithm (ERDAS Imagine-14) to analyze LULC variations using multispectral satellite data of very fine resolution (1m) collected from the Google Earth image. In the present study, the LULC area was grouped into ten main classes. A remarkable shift in vegetation cover was noted through LULC use and overlap maps created in Arc GIS 10. In the last 1o years, there was shrank in natural vegetation by 11 % to 2.6%, whereas, the agricultural field increased by 5% to 6%. In 2008, an area under dense vegetation was 118.4 hectares (approx. 12% of total vegetation) whereas in 2018 it reduced to 29 hectares (about 3% of total vegetation). Dense vegetation cover has drastically decreased whereas thorny bushes and fallow land increased. Further, the new constructed area increased suddenly due to the construction of new structures in cultivated and natural lands for the development of the campus. Expansion of built area and concurrent enhancement in anthropogenic activities to develop the campus facilities linked to change in vegetation cover and vegetation types over ten years. The result of this study will help in-depth understanding of reasons for alteration and for formulating actual plans and strategies to reverse vegetation and land degradation in Barkachha, Mirzapur.


Objective The purpose of this study was to compare peripheral muscle oxygenation in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to healthy control persons, during submaximal exercise. Methods Eight persons with COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] = 1.00 ± 0.27 L) and eight healthy control persons (FEV1 = 1.88 ± 0.55L) performed a submaximal graded exercise test (GXT), and completed 4 min of constant load exercise (CON) at 50% of peak GXT. Measurements included oxygen uptake, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation and peripheral muscle oxygenation (%StO2) at rest, during exercise, and recovery. Results Significantly greater workloads were attained for controls compared with COPD for peak GXT and CON. No significant differences in %StO2 were observed between groups at: rest (GXT: 29.5 ± 22.8 vs 30.4 ± 17.3%; CON: 33.3 ± 15.4 vs 35.1 ± 17.2%); peak GXT (29.4 ± 19.4 vs 26.5 ± 15.9%); 4 min of CON (25.9 ± 13.5 vs 34.5 ± 21.8%); and recovery (GXT: 46.6 ± 29.1 vs 44.3 ± 21.7%; CON: 40.9 ± 21.5 vs 44.5 ± 23.2%). Conclusion These results suggest that peripheral skeletal muscle oxygenation is not compromised in COPD during submaximal exercise, and limitations in exercise capacity are most likely a result of muscle disuse and poor lung function.


There are two worlds of wireless communications: the legacy wireless world and the cognitive wireless world. Spectrum holes are the medium through which the two worlds interact. Releasing subbands by primary users allows the cognitive radio users to perform their normal tasks and, therefore, to survive. In other words, the old world affects the new world through appearance and disappearance of the spectrum holes and there is a master-slave relationship between them. Hence, the two worlds of wireless communications are going on side by side. This makes a cognitive radio network a multiple-time-scale dynamic system: a large-scale time in which the activities of primary users change and a small-scale time in which the activities of secondary users change accordingly. Such systems are called double-layer dynamic systems. A model is built that can be used as a testing tool for policy forecast and incorporates time evolution as the life span (control horizon) of a given policy. Two types of time dependency are studied: time-dependent equilibria and time-dependent behaviour away from the predicted curve of equilibria. Theories of evolutionary variational inequalities and projected dynamic systems on Hilbert spaces are used to study these two types of time dependency, respectively.


The subject of this research is the hadith of renewal in the religion attributed to the Prophet 7. It is one of the hadiths that should be scrutinized and evaluated in order to find out its truth. For the occasion of this hadith, the research includes lines about what is meant by renewal in religion and its clarification. This is followed by a mention of the forms in which the hadith was mentioned, text and chain of transmission, and then reviewing and discussing them.
What is new in the research is the placement of this hadith in the probe in order to analyze it, as it was not probed before as it should be. Its aim is to lay a new brick in the construction of the world of hadith, to contribute to its consolidation, the compaction of its existence, its refinement, and the preservation of its sanctity. As well as a warning to more deliberation in taking the hadith, reading and studying it.
Keywords: Religion - Hadith - Renewal


The invention discloses a mechanical principle experiment examination platform and relates to the field of teaching equipment production, in particular to a novel mechanical principle experiment examination platform which comprises a connecting rod cam part, a gear part, a comprehensive innovation experiment part and a research design experiment part. The mechanical principle experiment examination platform consists of a connecting rod cam mechanism, a question choosing rising mechanism, a gear experiment mechanism, a positioning clamping mechanism, an interest triggering mechanism, other mechanisms, an electric controller, a singlechip and other devices. A virtual reality technique is adopted to provide a practical scene for students, so that the students can have the feeling of being personally on the scene, and the learning interest is improved. Compared with the conventional equipment, duo to virtual demonstration, the students can sufficiently understand requirements relevant to the experiment examination, and the connection among experiment links is close. The mechanical principle experiment examination platform is simple, practical, and closely related to mechanical principle courses. The functions of the mechanical principle experiment examination platform are applicable to teaching examination. A user can use the mechanical principle experiment examination platform according to practical teaching links and in the combination of the functions of the mechanical principle experiment examination platform.


Microwave limb sounding of the Earth's atmosphere is well developed as a means to gain greater understanding of atmospheric chemistry; particularly with regard to ozone depletion and greenhouse warming. More recently scientists have considered long-duration missions to study the atmospheres of other planets, particularly Venus and Mars, as well as the atmospheres of the major moons of the gas giant planets. Of particular interest is the proposed Vesper mission to Venus which would use heterodyne receivers in the frequency band from about 440-590GHz. Schottky receivers are ideal for such a mission because they achieve the required sensitivity without any need for cooling and can be easily tuned across very significant frequency bands. Through a NASA SBIR project (Contract NNX09CA57C), VDI is developing an improved mixer technology that would be optimal for Vesper and other similar missions. Specifically, VDI is striving to simplify the Vesper receiver through the development Schottky receivers that can be tuned across the entire waveguide band without any mechanical or bias adjustments. For Vesper VDI proposes the use of a subharmonically pumped mixer that operates in the WR-1.9 waveguide band (400-600GHz). This mixer requires no bias and the Phase 1 study has shown that excellent sensitivity (Tmix ~ 1,000-2,000K, DSB) can be achieved across a very broad frequency band with only 1-2mW of LO power. In Phase 2 VDI will co-design the mixer and LO multipliers to achieve a receiver system that allows tuning of the LO frequency across the required Vesper band with no adjustments other than the frequency of the input oscillator, while maintaining the sensitivity noted above and potentially reducing the required LO power level. The presentation will review that performance of this mixer design, with emphasis on the work being done to achieve full waveguide band performance and discussion of the development of the LO oscillator chain.


Industry-university-research cooperation is an important part of the national innovation system. This article introduces four typical industry-university-research cooperative innovation modes identified by the different roles of their subjects played, and analyzes their operational mechanism, structure, and function. Based on the results obtained we find the transitional rule of industry-university-research cooperative subject and the selection of industry-university-research cooperative mode. Then the article prospects the development of industry-university-research cooperative innovation modes. It concludes that to foster this cooperative innovation needs to clarify the division and contacts of parties involved, needs the government to play a more active role, but also needs to create a more mobile, flexible and efficient industry-university-research cooperative innovation mode.


The article describes the use of the model integrated with an actual process control system for debugging and testing of control programs for this process control system. Three ways how to use the integrated model are considered. Control programs of the process control pumping system for a coal mine were debugged and tested using hardware-software test bench which includes the integrated model. The integrated model has been developed using a new visual interactive discrete simulation system specialized in simulation of technological processes. Some models of coal mining processes were developed. These models can be used for development of new mining robotized techniques. Keywords—visual interactive simulation; process control system; coal mining


This paper is my PhD proposal in which I discuss and scope the problem, discuss a research question and propose a solution based on literature to start understanding the problem.


Part 1. Conceptual and planning practice for reservoirs Introduction and philosophy of approach Objectives Selection of potential dam sites and conceptual schemes Investigation of selected sites and geological studies Hydraulic studies Hydrological studies Spillways River diversion during construction Seismic loading Part 2. Development practice for reservoirs Water conduits for reservoirs Tunnelling problems and excavation of shafts Electro-mechanical equipment and controls Environmental considerations Costs and benefits Efficient management for irrigation Small hydropower Safety and inspection of reservoirs Operation and maintenance, monitoring and inspection


Gastric disorders are increasingly prevalent, but reliable clinical tools to objectively assess gastric function are lacking. Body-surface gastric mapping (BSGM) is a non-invasive method for the detection of gastric electrophysiological biomarkers including slow wave direction, which have correlated with symptoms in patients with gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. However, no studies have validated the relationship between gastric slow waves and body surface activation profiles. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between gastric slow waves and body-surface recordings. High-resolution electrode arrays were placed to simultaneously capture slow waves from the gastric serosa (32×6 electrodes at 4 mm resolution) and abdominal surface (8×8 at 20 mm inter-electrode spacing) in a porcine model. BSGM signals were extracted based on a combination of wavelet and phase information analyses. A total of 1185 individual cycles of slow waves assessed, out of which 897 (76%) were normal antegrade waves, occurring in 10/14 (71%) subjects studied. BSGM accurately detected the underlying slow wave in terms of frequency (r = 0.99, p = 0.43) as well as the direction of propagation (p = 0.41, F-measure: 0.92). In addition, the cycle-by-cycle match between BSGM and transitions of gastric slow waves in terms either or both temporal and spatial abnormalities was demonstrated. These results validate BSGM as a suitable method for non-invasively and accurately detecting gastric slow wave activation profiles from the body surface. Single sentence summary Simultaneous recordings of the stomach using serosal and body-surface electrode arrays demonstrated reliable detection of frequency and classification of propagation.


A When attaching the mounting bracket to the goby part, by preventing the falling of the mounting bolt, to provide a folded plate roof mounting bracket that can facilitate attachment to goby portion. A folded plate roof mounting bracket 1 is provided with clamping pieces 2, 3 a pair of left and right sandwiching the goby portion from the left and right sides. Each clamping piece 2 includes a plate-shaped clamping portion 6 fixing member 4 in close proximity to face the right and left is fixed is inserted, clamp the goby portion continuous to the bottom of the plate-like clamping part 6 with a clamping portion 8 in contact with the roof, rotatable together with the plate-like top portion 7 extending in the lateral direction outwardly from the upper portion of the plate-like clamping section 6, and movable supporting pieces 2,3 at a predetermined distance horizontally and a front and rear engaging portion 12 for coupling to, a plate-like top portion 7 toward the upper portion of the plate-shaped clamping portion 6, is held together with threaded portion of the mounting bolt 4 is inserted opposite sides of the hexagonal head is fitted bolt holding recess is formed that. .The


Objective: To investigate the efficiency and safety of bingpatamo combined with fentanyl on postoperative analgesia for laparoscopic myomectomy.Methods: Seventy-two patients with ASAⅠ-Ⅱwere selected and divided into two groups randomly.Loading dose of fentanyl(1 μg·kg-1) were given 15 min before end of the surgery of two groups.Formula of PCA: bingpatamo 2 mg,fentanyl 8 μg·kg-1 and tropisetron 10 mg were dissolved in 100 ml saline and applied to PCIA in group A;fentanyl 16 μg·kg-1 and tropisetron 10 mg were dissolved in 100 ml saline and applied to PCIA in group B,PCIA was administered with background infusion of 2 ml·h-1 and lockout time 15 minutes;Compared the analgesia and adverse reactions by ASA,BCS,Ramsay scores and adverse reactions.Results: There were no statistic differences in ASA,BCS,Ramsay scores and vital signs(P0.05),however,the incidence of adverse reactions and comsumed dosage of drug in group A were lower than that in group B(P0.05).Conclusion: The method of bingpatamo combined with fentanyl has a good postoperative analgesic effect and higher safety,and deserve to clinic.