Our workgroup has recently developed a SPIM-based flow cytometer to detect fluorescent-labeled objects in whole blood [1]. It was used to visualize, detect, and magnetically separate fluorescent-labeled objects without hydrodynamic focusing. The flow cell holder, the magnet shifting system, and the camera filters system of the developed flow cytometer were printed on a standard FDM 3D printer. Here we have modified the optical system by a prism with a printed mounting system to minimize images' parasitic reflections and coma effect. We have also modified the magnetic concentrator system to make magnetic field distribution more efficient for magnetic separation and use a smaller permanent magnet in the system, thus adding whitelight source placement for the separation flow cell.


We present a model that generates free-form natural language descriptions of image regions. Our model leverages datasets of images and their sentence descriptions to learn about the inter-modal correspondences between text and visual data. Our approach is based on a novel combination of Convolutional Neural Networks over image regions, Recurrent Neural Networks over sentences, and a structured objective that aligns the two modalities through a multimodal embedding. We then describe a Recurrent Neural Network architecture that uses the inferred alignments to learn to generate novel descriptions of image regions. We introduce a system to automatically generate natural language descriptions from images that takes an input image and generates its description in text. It also generates descriptions that are notably more true to the specific image content than previous work.


The research on synthesis of thin layer Based on TiO 2 nanoparticle modiϔied silica by sol gel as antifogging materials has been conducted to (i) determine the effect of calcination temperature on the gap energy, structure and size of crystal, and porous titania-silica, (ii) determine the effect of sol composition on thin layer titania-silica covering hydrophilic and transparent character, and (iii) determine the performance of antifogging thin layer titania-silica on glass substrate. The synthesis is done by using sol-gel method. Dye technique was used to coat the glass, and then applied as antifogging materials. The result of synthesis of TiO 2 -SiO 2 was characterized with XRD to determine the structure and size of crystal, with SEM-EDX to determine the morphology and composition of solid, and with DR-UV to determine the TiO 2 -SiO 2 band-gap. The characterization shows that TiO 2 -SiO 2 with 15% b/b silica in the temperature of 500°C has optimum particle size and band gap with each 11,15 nm and 3,20 eV. This result is consistent with minimum contact angle measurement of 14,49°. The result of antifogging performance test shows that thin layer TiO 2 -SiO 2 is able to be used as antifogging material.


Homopolymer of acrylate of a mixture of myristyl (C14), dodecyl (C12), and decyl (C10) alcohols in 2:1:1 molar ratio was synthesized by two different ways, microwave-assisted method and thermal method using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The polymers were characterized by spectroscopic (NMR, IR) and viscometric analysis. Performances of each of them as a pour point depressant and viscosity modifier for lubricating oil (lube oil) were also evaluated by standard ASTM methods. Oil thickening property of the polymers has also been investigated and reported here. Thermal stability of the polymers was determined by thermogravimetric analysis.


This article aims to numerically analyze the cooling system of photovoltaic device using mixture multiphase model. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)-water nanofluids at various concentration of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 vol.% were used as cooling fluid for photovoltaic module. The constant and uniform heat flux of 800 W/m2 was applied on photovoltaic (PV) module and the various cooling fluids flowed under PV module at Reynold number of 200 and 500. The temperature distribution and local heat transfer coefficient of cooling fluid were observed. The results show that increasing concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle enhances the local heat transfer coefficient and decreases the temperature of PV cell. The significant enhancement of convection heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid occur at entrance region. The operating temperature of PV cell can be decreased till 303 K for 2 vol.% Al2O3-water nanofluid at Reynold number of 500.


The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Sn–XAg–0.5Cu alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution was examined using potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The Ag content in the alloy was varied from 1 to 4 wt%. The polarization curves obtained for the alloys show an active–passive transition followed by a transpassive region. Sn–XAg–0.5Cu alloys with higher Ag content (>2 wt%) show a strong tendency toward passivation. The passivation behavior has been ascribed to the presence of both SnO and SnO_2 on the anode surface. Increase in Ag content from 1 to 4 wt% results in a decrease in the corrosion-current density ( I _corr) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) of the alloy. Nevertheless, the corrosion potential ( E _corr) shifts toward negative values, and a decrease in corrosion rate is observed. The presence of Cl^− ion initiates pitting and is responsible for the rupture of the passive layer at a certain breakdown potential. The breakdown potential ( E _BR) decreases and shifts toward more noble values with increase in Ag content in the alloy. Surface analyses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger depth profile studies confirmed the formation of both Sn(II) and Sn(IV) oxides in the passive layer.


This paper demonstrates how to overcome the interruption of brightness signals which surely results in the poor effect in the definition by using comb filters in place of trappers in the circuits separating brightness and color signals in PLA-D system TV receivers.


The impact of phase change memory (PCM) device non-idealities on the deep neural network (DNN) inference accuracy is systematically investigated. Based on the experimental PCM data, statistical models of device non-idealities were extracted and incorporated into our PyTorch-based simulation framework for evaluations on the CIFAR-10 dataset. Our specific results include: 1) nonlinear <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> could incur a significant accuracy degradation, but it can be eliminated depending on how the input activations are encoded (e.g., no degradation with pulse-encoding schemes); 2) resistance variation and read noise induce a relatively mild accuracy degradation (< 1% with experimentally fit model), which can be further mitigated through variation-aware training (VAT); 3) maximizing accuracy over a given operating temperature range is attained through a "temperature-specific weight remapping" method developed in this work, accuracy variance of < 3% is demonstrated over a temperature range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${T} \pm 15 ^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; and 4) resistance drift leads to a significant accuracy degradation over time and is the most challenging non-ideality to address by algorithmic means alone (drift coefficient < 0.015 is needed to achieve < 3% degradation in ten years). A "weight transfusion" (WT) method has been proposed to effectively recover the inference accuracy by incrementally activating additional pre-trained neurons over time. The main overhead is the additional area to store pre-trained weights beforehand, which is likely affordable given the high density of MLC PCM.


Using modular construction equipment and additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques for binding, mission support structures could be prepared on remote planetary surfaces using native regolith. Material mass contributes significantly toward the cost of deep space missions, whether human or robotic, due to the resources needed to lift each kilogram of equipment out of Earth's gravity well. Proposing the modular Freeform Additive Construction System (FACS) concept, using the reconfigurable All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE) robotic mobility platform, a variety of walls, berms, vaults, domes, paving, and thick radiation shielding could be prepared in advance of crews and mission assets to help reduce the material needed to be brought from Earth. This paper discusses the current ATHLETE technology, and describes how flexible mission elements could be derived using a combination of three dimensional additive construction and in-situ manufacturing technologies using native regolith.


The objective of the study was to find out organizational culture in the Kisaran Barat Sub-district Office, Asahan Regency, North Sumatera. The study used a qualitative method, and the data were gathered by conducting interviews with 8 informants who worked at the Sub-district Office. The result of the study showed that organizational culture at this office was in the good category even though there was a decrease in achievement and performance. The employees' service was also in the good category since they have applied a principle that people who need their service are "the king" who has to be humbly served. On the other hand, it can be noted that their capacity to comply with the rules applied at the office is bad. This is due to the many obstacles faced in creating a good work culture, one of which is inconsistent regulations and reward and punishment system is not performed well.
Key words: Organizational Culture, Service, Employees' Performance


The purification of the contingent of Confucian,the reinstatement of its ethical codes,the improvement of its ideological system,the choice of its orientation have always been four ways of the revival of Confucianism.Actually,these four ways have been closely related to Confucian scholars' criticism on Buddhism.During the course of criticizing Buddhism,Song scholars purify the ideology and the contingent of Confucian,gradually rebuild Confucian ethical codes,make Confucian ideological system complete,and finally restore the spiritual orientation of Confucianism.Thus it can be concluded that the revival of Song's Neo-Confucianism is closely connected to Buddhism.This connection is manifested in Buddhism's special side-effect in helping the rebirth of Song's New-Confucianism.


The influential factors such as surface state of working electrode,the chloride concentration,and pH value on AA5083 electrochemical behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and cyclic polarization experiment.The results showed that the Epit and Ecor potentials shift to positive values when specimen surface is polished;Eb shift to positive significantly with decrease of chloride concentration;chloride concentration has little influence on Eb when the concentration exceeds 1.0%;pH and other ion concentration has influence on Epit and Ep.


We developed a time-domain normalization procedure which uses a speech signal and its corresponding speech rate contour as an input, and produces the normalized speech signal. Then we normalized the speech rate of a large spoken language resource of German read speech. We compared the resulting segment durations with the original durations using several three-way ANOVAs with phone type and speaker as independent variables, since we assume that segment duration variation is determined by segment type (intrinsic duration), by the speaker (speech rate, sociolect, ideolect, dialect, speech production variation), and by linguistic effects (context, syllable structure, accent, and stress). One important result of the statistical analysis was, that the influence of the speaker on segment duration variation decreased dramatically (factor 0.54 for vowels, factor 0.29 for consonants) when normalizing speech rate, despite the fact that sociolect, ideolect, and dialect remained almost unchanged. Since the interaction between the independent variables speaker and phone type remained constantly, the hypothesis arises, that this interaction contains most of the speaker-specific information.


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Abstract: This study aims to demonstrate the promotion of mental health of the university community in the southwest of Goias, by conducting workshops with psychodramatic approach and playful resources. This is a descriptive study, the type of experience report, characterized as descriptive for presenting a reflection on an action, or a set that addresses a situation experienced in the professional context. The results showed that during the workshops, personal problems and difficulties of participants emerged through conversations, sharing experiences and feelings, a gradual result of the established bonds. The activity allowed participants to recognize their feelings and describe behaviors and important everyday events they experienced. The lived experience promoted the breadth of knowledge about the actions and promotion of the participants' quality of life.
Keywords: Quality of life. Mental health. Public university.


Businesses have recognized the importance of intangible assets in improving their financial performance, creating value, and maintaining competitiveness. Yet, a number of corporate entities have remained indifferent about investing on intangibles and recognizing their economic benefits. This study examined the economic benefits derived by 140 (out of 264) publicly listed corporations in the Philippines with intangible assets shown on their financial statements from 2010 to 2013. Using the Ordinary Least Square Cross-Section Regression Method and panel regression, results showed that intangible assets impact significantly on total cash flow (91.07%) and cash flow from investing activities (68.13%), operating activities (29.56%), and financing activities (6.07%). Based on z-scores, the study noted that the impact of intangible assets on cash flow is significantly different across these sectors: financial; holding companies; services; and industrial, mining, and oil. Essentially, businesses have to consider the specific sector where they belong in coming up with sound business decisions pertaining to intangible assets.


The paper deals with the problem of finding an optimal one-time rebalancing strategy for the Bachelier model, and makes some remarks for the similar problem within Black-Scholes model. The problem ...


Objective It is to observe the effect of Xinnaoling on acute cerebral infarction.Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided in two groups. There were 50 patients in each group. The curative effect was observed day by day.Results The apparent effect rate in treatment group was 70% and that in control group was 52%, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P0.01). After treatment, there was obviously change on hemorheology in treatment group (P0.05), while there was no difference in control group (P05).Conclusion Xinnaoling can change hemorheology and accelerate the nerve function recovery. The curative effect is good and without obvious side effect. It is applicable in prevention and cure of every kind of cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease.


The dependence of the specific energy of the high-pressure CO2 laser (4.1 and 11.1 atm) with the optical pumping on the resonator losses coefficient and density of the absorbed energy of radiation of the HF laser on transition P1(8) is studied. The maximal values of the specific (200 J/l) and the total (7 J) radiation energy of the high-pressure CO2 laser (11.1 atm) are obtained with coefficient of transformation of the pumping radiation energy ((lambda) equals2.78 micrometers ) to energy of the CO2 laser radiation ((lambda) equals10.6 micrometers ) being equal to approximately 19% (quantum yield approximately 73%), and with parameter of excess of the unsaturated gain (g0equals0.1 l/cm) above the lasing threshold (gt) m equals g0/gt approximately equals 4.


Abstract A polyanionic biopolymer known as alpha-emulsan was found to flocculate fine particle suspensions of pyrite quite readily, but other materials including silica (quartz), kaolin, and a particular bituminous coal required activation in order to respond in large measure. Activation of these materials was achieved with small amounts of ferric iron which is known to hydrolyze to form ferric hydroxy complexes and colloidal particles of ferric hydroxide. When the positively charged hydrolyzed species of iron(III) were adsorbed by the negatively charged particles, the latter experienced a charge reversal which made them more receptive to adsorption of the polymeric anions. Larger amounts of ferric iron interfered with the flocculation of all the materials except pyrite, and the interference seemed due to the formation of ferric iron complexes with emulsan. Since high concentrations of ferric iron and low pH favored the flocculation of pyrite with emulsan but not the flocculation of the other materials, t...


Di-μ-oxo MnIII−MnIV dimers are models for coupled, mixed-valence manganese in the oxygen-evolving centers of green plants. Using a recently reported method of exchanging water oxygen into the di-μ-oxo cross-bridges (Tagore, R.; Chen, H.; Crabtree, R. H.; Brudvig, G. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 9457−9465), we have incorporated 17O into the μ-oxo cross bridges of the MnIII−MnIV bipyridyl dimer for study of oxygen electron-spin hyperfine couplings by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). The ENDOR evidence was for a di-μ-oxo 17O hyperfine coupling of 12.8 ± 1.0 MHz. Narrow and highly resolved EPR features from dimers exchanged with H216O (I = 0) became broadened when the dimer was prepared by exchanging the cross bridging oxygens with H217O (I = 5/2). The EPR broadening due to 17O was quantitatively reproduced by a model where the dimer has two equivalent di-μ-oxo cross-bridging 17Ο, and the 17O hyperfine coupling was highly consistent with that determined b...


The invention provides a low-cost slag splashing protection method of a vanadium extraction converter. The slag splashing protection method comprises the following steps of: reserving a certain quantity of vanadium slag in the converter after vanadium extraction blowing is finished and semi-steel is tapped; adding 100-200 kg of slag regulating agent into one ton of vanadium slag, and blowing oxygen to melt the vanadium slag via an oxygen gun; and blowing nitrogen for slag splashing protection via the oxygen gun, wherein the slag regulating agent is waste magnesia carbon brick particles. With the slag splashing protection method, the problems of low melting point and difficult adhesion of vanadium slag can be effectively solved, the slag adhering effect can be improved during slag splashing protection, the erosion resistibility of a converter lining is increased, and the service life of the vanadium extraction converter lining is effectively prolonged.


Pure Yang-Mills amplitudes with all external gluons carrying positive helicity, known as all-plus amplitudes, have an especially simple structure. The tree amplitudes vanish and, up to at least two loops, the loop-level amplitudes are related to those of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. This makes all-plus amplitudes a useful testing ground for new methods of simplifying more general classes of amplitudes. In this thesis we consider three new approaches, focusing on the structure before integration.


In this letter, a low-power 1-bit full-adder (FA) cell is proposed based on the transmission gate (TG) to attain a special module for generating full-swing Carry output. The cell benefits from the high driving capability for both Sum and Carry outputs when embedding in multistage structures like ripple-carry adders (RCAs), compressors, and multipliers. The proposed TG-based FA has a total die area of 60.02 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while the average power, delay, and power-delay-product (PDP) are 10.829 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, 3.1954 ns, and 34.603 fJ, respectively. The results introduce the FA cell as an efficient gate for integrated circuits (ICs).


Throughout the casting process, mold filling plays a very significant role in the casting quality control. It is important to study the effect of gating system design on ingate velocity of the metal which affects the mechanical properties of casting. The effect of varying the design of four gating system elements namely pouring cup, sprue height, runner and ingate design on the multiple responses like tensile strength and percentage elongation is studied using a Taguchi's L9 OA. The Taguchi technique was coupled with a Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to obtain a Grey Relational Grade (GRG) for evaluating multiple responses. ANOVA has been applied to identify the significance of different parameters and it was found that the pouring cup design and the runner cross-section along its length collectively contributed above 76% of the total GRG value. Finally, the confirmation tests were performed to validate the predicted optimized results and it established an improvement of 9.90% from the initial design.


Medical equipment is one of the contributing factors that have a very important role in the organization of health services in hospitals. To maintain the health of equipment in order to function properly and ready to use it would require continuous maintenance of medical equipment and planned. Purpose in the manufacture of medical equipment maintenance monitoring system is a facility that allows technicians in the maintenance of medical equipment, improve equipment performance, enhance effectiveness and efficiency in maintenance activities and can be in monitoring the condition of medical equipment, resulting in a report to the hospital management accountability can be accounted. Type of research in non exsprimental do is research. Author in conducting this study took a sample of data from the inventory of medical equipment procurement in 2006 to 2011 in hospitals. Andi Makkasau Parepare City.Design of Monitoring System Software Maintenance of medical equipment in RSUD.Andi Makkasau Parepare City, in the design stage is to compile a list of the room, inventory lists of medical equipment, medical equipment maintenance schedule, maintenance menyusus fixed procedures and all the data stored in the database if akandi in the form of software that a monitoring or reporting of medical equipment maintenance, and can print using the printer. Software Maintenance Equipment Health Monitoring System in Hospital. Andi Makkasau Parepare City, the utilization can be in use by the Parties IPSRS and Hospital Management To Perform Maintenance and Monitoring of medical equipment or medical equipment maintenance reports, so the performance of the Installation Maintenance Support Hospital (IPSRS) further increased.


A real coding accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA) is suggested to estimate parameters of different river water quality models.The application of RAGA to determine the transverse diffusion coefficient of river shows that RAGA is both simple and general,its calculation accuracy is high.


Keichi SUZUKI This paper describes the unsteady prediction method for the ceiling jet in large building spaces. For the application to unsteady cases, the terms of time differential in the government equations and the one dimensional heat transfers in the ceiling were added to the Alpert's theory. Moreover some of the functions such as the friction force against the ceiling and the air entrainment rate were refined for improving of the accuracy and the coverage. By this model, the profiles of the velocities, the gas temperatures and the heights of the ceiling jet are computed as time sequential, considering the influence of the heat loss into the ceiling and the dilution by the air entrainment. The result of a prediction was compared against Alpert's and Heskestad's practical correlations and the basic performances were confirmed. In the final part of this paper, the comparison of the predictions by this model was performed against measurements in a case of fire experiment using a large building space


Background: Early warning score is one of the tools used by nurses in the treatment room to determine the critical condition of patients undergoing treatment. The early warning score can be a reference for changes in the patient's condition. Nurses have responsibilities, one of which is filling out the early warning score. Seeing the purpose of using the early warning score is very important in its implementation, but in implementing the filling of the early warning score, are there any obstacles felt by nurses. Objective: This research aims to find the barriers to implementing the early warning score in the treatment room. Methods: The method used is descriptive qualitative. The sample in this study was seven nurses in the treatment room. Result: The results of this study are three obstacles in applying the early warning score in the hospital treatment room: It takes a long time, allows for errors in adding up scores, and difficulties in remembering follow-up interventions. Conclusion: This study concludes that there are barriers to implementing the early warning score by nurses in the treatment room. Namely, it takes a long time to apply the early warning score using paper-based. It is possible to add up the scores incorrectly and have difficulty remembering further interventions that must be done.


This paper analyzes the present situation and network protocol structure of Zigbee technology. The modular analysis achieves the Zigbee protocol stack and based on Zigbee wireless sensor network platform, the hardware and software are designed.Results show that the platform can realize the basic functions of Zigbee wireless sensor network and the expanding functions.


The present invention discloses a high strength and high insulation block, the composition of the block include the following materials: cement, 5-60 parts by weight of sand - 20-40 parts by weight and 0.1 to 8 parts by weight of the primary activator; wherein the main activator hydrotalcite or hydrotalcite-like. The composition of the recipe in blocks, cement, yellow sand and the three main activator compound to produce a synergistic effect: Cement trace polyvalent metal ions to produce the main activator complex reaction, the polyvalent metal ion and quartz sand or di- silica - water interface complex, activation of cement and quartz sand surface, changing the state of the conventional stacked cement to form a huge network of complex structures in the system; at the same time, the main activator network with the polyvalent metal ions together at the same time, the main activator interlayer is softened, about 1-5nm uniformly formed nanopores; the resulting block has good strength, insulation properties, water retention, workability and the like.


Luminosity production in LEP was extended to 101 GeV beam energy in 1999 and 104.4 GeV in 2000. The performance was continually optimised, resulting in 1999 peak and integrated luminosities higher than in any previous year of LEP operation. In particular, the beambeam tune shift reached 0.083 per interaction point. This was achieved with the help of a faster luminosity monitoring, a new tune working point, a reduced design vertical dispersion and new dispersion and coupling optimisation tools. A higher beam rate from the injectors, a better injection efficiency, a faster ramp and a newly automated control of the horizontal damping partition number J x maximised the time available for physics and thus contributed to the higher integrated luminosity.


The paper presents a continuous time polynomial approach to class k- and super-optimization of the model-matching problem. By requiring the largest singular value of intermediate ℋ∞ optimal solutions to have multiplicity one, the approach is able to resort to a simplified dimension reduction technique.


The advent of the Internet has brought about a revolutionary storm in the field of education. The construction of networked educational resources is an important aspect of higher education information construction. Many universities already had own online teaching resources. However, the construction of online educational resource in most university is still at the initial stage and there are some questions. This paper reviews the evolution of online education, deeply analyzes the reason why these questions exist and puts forward many proposals on constructing online educational resource in university.


The current contribution will elaborate on the manner in which the Declaration of the International Labour Organization (ILO) on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (hereinafter the 1998 Declaration) functions as an instrument of governance for the purpose of promotion and persuasion. The purpose of this activity is to improve the observance by States of certain principles contained in the 1998 Declaration. At the outset one should stress that this governance technique is a trade mark of the ILO as a whole and not only of the 1998 Declaration. The basic premise of the ILO is to rely on cooperation and dialogue rather than sanctions in its efforts to realize its goals.


AZEVEDO, D. S. Characterization of actin expression profile in Aedes aegypti. 2014. 89 p. Masters thesis (Biology of Pathogen Relationship -Host) Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014. Understanding the basic molecular biology of insect vectors can contribute to the development of ways to combat the disease vector. In this context, our study was characterized to describe the expression profile of nine actin genes present in the genome of Aedes aegypti. Through sequences of complementary DNA (cDNA) available in databases, construction of specific primers for each gene actin was performed. First experiments of RT-PCR were made to obtain semi-quantitative transcriptional profiles of each actin gene using the primers constructed. We observed the constitutive expression of seven actin genes , two of which have been described in previous studies (AeAct AeAct-1 and-2) and the expression of stagespecific of two other genes, AeAct-3 for males and AeAct-4 for females, which also already described in the literature. After obtaining the semi-quantitative transcriptional profiles of all nine genes of actin, we also generate quantitative transcriptional profiles of those genes using qRT-PCR technique. The profiles obtained were similar to those reported in the literature for the first four actin genes. We observed the accumulation of the number of transcripts in all analyzed intervals for all genes, although there were intervals where these numbers come forward very low. The genes that presented with major peaks of induction were AeAct-4 and AeAct-3 and reported as expression of specific genes. And genes that showed minor peaks of induction were AeAct and AAEL005964-1. The peaks of induction for all genes always were found in immature mosquito, mainly in the pupa stage. This characteristic is possibly due to the fact that actin is a structural protein, justifying the high transcription in late larvae and mainly pupae stage where complete metamorphosis of insect occurs through a tissue restructuring. All transcriptional profiles obtained in this work shows us a broad overview of the behavior of these genes actin, although it takes us to many speculations about the function of each actin. This study describes the expression profile of five actin genes that have not yet reported in the literature.


Background: Pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous disease and it is unclear what triggers and deteriorates it. The current study aimed to evaluate whether increasing the IgG antibody titer represents a good indicator of the pemphigus recurrence. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate whether increasing IgG titer is an indicator of the expected recurrence. Patients and Methods: The current study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, between March 2007 and December 2012. A total of 112 patients with confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus based on clinical, histological and immuno-histological criteria were engaged in the study. The primary outcomes of the study were recurrent event times and IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibody titer at each attendance. Joint model with shared random-effects was applied to assess the association between the two processes and investigate the affective factors. Results: Up to 8 recurrences were observed during the study time, but only 10% of the patients experienced more than 5 recurrences. A significant linear increasing trend in IgG antibody titer over time was found, IgG antibody titer increased 2.43% each month (P < 0.0001). The results showed positive correlation between IgG antibody titer and recurrence of pemphigus (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The patients with higher IgG antibody titer were more likely to experience pemphigus recurrence. Therefore it can be concluded that titer of IgG and its increase may provide information regarding the progression of the pemphigus and the hazard of its recurrence.


Social capital is a key element in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework that has guided CARE Bangladesh's natural resources activities since the late 1990s. But no explicit attempt has so far been made by the organisation to define what it is, to consider how it might be promoted, or to determine how it may already have been affected by the various interventions that have been made. This paper, which highlights the central findings of a more extensive piece of research, is a preliminary attempt to explore these issues. (See Boxes 1 and 2 for further details).


Carbon nanotubes are studied as catalyst supports in biphasic (oil and water) systems. In the first part the relationships between a carbon nanotubes properties before and after functionalization and the influence those properties have on emulsions characteristics is studied. Emulsion characteristics studied were emulsion type, droplet size, interfacial area, and quantity of carbon nanotubes at the oil-water interface. Emulsions stabilized with carbon nanotubes are compared with emulsions stabilized with silica nanoparticles to further understand how material properties influence emulsion characteristics. The relationship between carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles properties and emulsion characteristics is utilized to control reaction selectivity, further understand the particles environment at the oil-water interface, and create a responsive system where reaction selectivity can be tuned as the reaction proceeds.


To obtain the best possible advantage from power networks, the supply side and demand side should be operated at high efficiency. To achieve this, it is essential to have high power quality throughout the system. Harmonic distortions significantly affect the supply power quality. Harmonic distortion measurements are the articles used for determination of harmonic margins. The electric measurements have been taking place in the period from 1996 until now. They include approximately 250 different end-users, 90 of them installed capacitor banks. The real time measurements had a one-day duration at least for each user. The paper demonstrates and focuses on harmonic emissions of different load types. The results provide a guideline that helps customers and researches assess the overall distortion of a variety of loads. It must be emphasized that these result values are for guidance only. The actual harmonic can vary from installation to installation. The target of the measurements is to be able to determine the maximum distortions. The statistical figures of real-time measured distortion are presented.


This article examines the standards of tribal membership in the Choctaw Nation (present-day Oklahoma) during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although forced by the U.S. Congress to make rolls of its members, the Choctaw government willingly used race to trump other considerations when it came to determining citizenship, including long-held cultural practices.


Since its beginning, the interactive Digital Television (iDTV) in Brazil has been anticipated by specialists as a viable andimportant tool to reduce the digital divide. Nevertheless, few studies have examined to what extent it may be really effectiveamong low-income families so far. This paper analyzes the role of iDTV as an instrument to decrease the digital divide. Thisassessment was carried out through a survey with a sample of 67 families, selected among a group of 100 families whoparticipated of a pilot experiment, in the city of Joao Pessoa, located in the Northeastern region of Brazil. The projectincluded four iTVD applications that offered government services and were specially designed, using Ginga middleware, topromote to digital and social inclusion. The survey was composed by a questionnaire containing 102 questions, most of themof closed-ended type. In order to understand iDTV impact in the digital divide decrease, five analytical criteria with respect touser's viewpoint were considered: motivation; correct understanding; friendly use de interfaces; usefulness of theinformation; and applicability of the knowledge. DOI: 10.15213/redes.n9.p271


The "Value of Children and Intergenerational Relations" project is an interdisciplinary cross-cultural study on values, fertility, and intergenerational relationships. The VOC study focuses on reasons for having or not having children and investigates the interplay of values and parent-child relationships in three generations and across cultures (cf. Trommsdorff/Kim/Nauck 2005; Trommsdorff/Nauck 2005, 2006, 2010). By now, a large data set with N = 16.461 participants (adolescents, their mothers and maternal grandmothers and a sample of mothers with small children) is available from nineteen different countries in four continents. This report focuses on recent innovative research questions that are currently tackled by international researchers involved in the project. These topics refer to three thematic areas: value of children, intergenerational relations, and value transmission from a crosscultural perspective. These research questions have been raised in the framework of a recent international workshop on "Value of Children and Intergenerational Relations", organized by Gisela Trommsdorff and Bernhard Nauck, principle investigators of the project, at the University of Konstanz (March 29 to 30, 2012), and financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Some of the studies briefly summarized below will be submitted for publication.


Contract changes such as introducing seven day working should be a condition of doctors receiving the 1% basic pay rise set aside for public sector workers in 2014-15, the Department of Health for England has suggested.

In its submission to the Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration (DDRB),1 the department pointed out that, even with a pay freeze, employers have had to fund an additional £200m a year for annual pay progression.

"Last year, for example, employed doctors and dentists received a 1% basic pay rise, coupled with, for many, increments of up to 8%," it said. "This is out of step with our wider policy on public sector pay and the ambitions the Chancellor set out in the Spending …


BACKGROUND
Nitric oxide has several effects that may be beneficial in ischaemic stroke and useful in the management of high blood pressure in acute stroke. Some forms of nitric oxide synthase inhibition may also be beneficial. However, high concentrations of nitric oxide are likely to be toxic to brain tissue.

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review was to assess the effects of nitric oxide donors, L-arginine, or nitric oxide synthase-inhibitors in people with acute stroke.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched in March 2002), EMBASE (1980-March 2002), MEDLINE (1966-March 2002), and ISI Science Citation Indexes (1981-March 2002). We contacted drug companies and researchers in the field.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing nitric oxide donors, L-arginine, or nitric oxide synthase-inhibitors in patients within one week of onset of confirmed stroke.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria. The data are given as weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

MAIN RESULTS
Two small completed trials (127 patients) of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a nitric oxide donor, were found. GTN lowered 24 hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure by 7.9 mmHg (95% CI 0.1, 15.8) and increased heart rate (WMD 6.2 beats per minute, 95% CI 2.7, 9.8). Treatment with GTN was not associated with statistically significant effects on end-of-treatment death, or combined death or deterioration, or end-of-trial death, combined death or dependency, or combined death or institutionalisation.

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
There is currently insufficient evidence from randomised trials on the effects of nitric oxide donors, L-arginine, or nitric oxide synthase-inhibitors in patients with acute stroke to recommend their use. A large controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate patches is underway.


The importance of board committees – specialized subgroups that exist to perform many of the board's most critical functions, such as setting executive compensation, identifying potential board members, and overseeing financial reporting – has grown over time due to increased legal requirements and greater complexity of the environment in which firms operate. This has resulted in a large body of work examining board committees across the accounting, finance, and management disciplines. However, this research has developed rather independently within each discipline, preventing scholars and practitioners from developing a comprehensive understanding of board committees. To address this issue, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature that: 1) summarizes and synthesizes antecedents and outcomes associated with board committees in publicly‐traded firms in English common law countries; and 2) offers a critical analysis of existing research, providing recommendations for advancements and new directions in board committee research.


With multiple nodes of single acoustic sensor layed around the target, the ballistic shock wave signal of the projectile generated before hitting the ground can be detected at different locations. The trajectory can be estimated by measuring the time difference between the signal of different nodes, and the impact point can be coordinated by crossing the trajectory with the target. In this article, the projectile impact point positioning model is parameterised and fomulated by nonlinear equations with six patameters, and it can be solved by means of nonlinear least square (NLS) method. By means of Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analysis, measurement error distribution by different incident angle and different impact location is calculated, and also, parameter of exterior ballistics model and wind vector is under consideration.


Dear JEECAR Editorial Board and Contributors: On the occasion of the Journal's 5th Anniversary, please accept my best wishes. In a short period, you brought the journal to be recognized by the SCOPUS, CABELL, EBSCO, Ulrich, and other academic databases. The Journal advances scholarship knowledge and actively contributes to the better understanding of the global society and economy.


How did Dietrich Bonhoeffer—a German theologian born and trained in the same nation, churches, and academy as many other German Christians—come to understand the problems of Nazism when others did not? Reggie Williams's answer forms the core of his book Bonhoeffer's Black Jesus. He argues that the Christianity Bonhoeffer encountered in New York's Harlem community while a post-doctoral student at Union Seminary provided an alternative vision of Jesus—a Black Jesus—that untethered the "false connection between white imperialist identity and Jesus" (3). Worshipping and living in Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance, Bonhoeffer came face-to-face with an interpretation of Jesus that cultivated his ethic of resistance against the Third Reich. Williams begins by tracing Bonhoeffer's theological formation. He emphasizes the influence of World War I, family, and German culture (especially German Christianity) on Bonhoeffer's intellectual development. Initially, Bonhoeffer's theology was shaped fundamentally by liberal and dialectical thinkers in the German academy. Eventually, Bonhoeffer grew dissatisfied with academic theology and longed for community-based reflection and practices responsive to the social crisis in Germany. Bonhoeffer received the opportunity he longed for when awarded Union Seminary's Sloane Fellowship and came to America to study from 1930–1931. At Union, Bonhoeffer befriended a Black classmate, Albert Fisher. Fisher invited Bonhoeffer to attend Sunday services at Abyssinian Baptist Church. Williams explores how the sermons, music, racial uplift activities, and community at Abyssinian exposed Bonhoeffer to conceptions of Jesus that countered the white supremacist and imperialist interpretations of Jesus at the core of his German theological training and society. Furthermore, in Harlem, there was the fomentation of an artistic, literary, and Black socio-political renaissance in which a "New Negro" was emerging—the Harlem Renaissance. This re-envisioning of Black self-image and possibility was undergirded by representations of the Black Christ crucified, "despised and lynched time and again by white racist Christians" in literature and art (5). Bonhoeffer was confronted with a Jesus who identified with the oppressed and not the oppressor. When he returned to Germany, Bonhoeffer was equipped with the ethics of "Black Jesus" and empathically applied them to the situation there. The "Black Jesus," who Bonhoeffer encountered in Harlem, empowered his stance against the white supremacist imperialism essential to Naziism.


To the Editor: Dr Cabana and colleagues 1 provide a helpful analysis of the failure of clinicians to follow existing practice guidelines. However, they overlook the possibility that such behavior may be deliberate, reflecting clinicians' disagreement with the nonscientific value judgments of the guideline writers. Clinical practice guidelines necessarily incorporate not only the beliefs of the guideline authors about the medical facts, but also a set of evaluative judgments about whether the anticipated outcomes are good or bad (and how good or bad they are). These evaluations of outcomes reflect the value judgments of the guideline authors. A practitioner or patient who evaluates the outcomes differently may have a perfectly rational reason for refusing to follow the guidelines. For example, if guideline authors believe that the only value of antibiotics or tympanostomy tubes for otitis media in children is to prevent long-term damage, they are likely to produce a practice guideline that excludes these measures if they find no evidence that they help to achieve this outcome. However, the parents of a child with otitis media may have other goals in mind, such as relief of immediate discomfort. If there is evidence that the antibiotic administration or tube placement might accomplish these goals, these parents would rationally discount the practice guideline, not because of any of the reasons given by Cabana et al (eg, lack of outcome expectancy, belief that the clinician cannot perform the guideline recommendation, habit, routine, belief the guideline is not applicable to the patient, disagreements about the cost-benefit analysis, lack of confidence in the guideline developer, or lack of agreement with guidelines in general), but because they have a valid disagreement with the subjective value judgments inherent in the guidelines. Anyone who has different values, and therefore different goals for the clinical encounter, may act rationally in rejecting the clinical practice recommendations of either guideline authors or individual practitioners.


APMP.T-K7.1, was held from July 2014 to May 2015 to compare the national realizations of the water triple point between NMIJ (Japan) and VMI (Vietnam). To reach the objective, VMI sent a transfer cell to NMIJ and stated a value for the temperature difference of the transfer cell, relative to the corresponding national standard, representing 273.16 K. This report presents the results of the TPW comparison, gives detailed information about the measurements made at the NMIJ and at the VMI, and aims to link the results of APMP.T-K7.1 to APMP.T-K7 and CCT-K7. The results of this key comparison are also represented in the form of degrees of equivalence for the purposes of the MRA. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


This paper was given as a keynote address to the 11th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 17–22 April 1994, London; it was illustrated with slides. Through discussion of personal experiences of practising occupational therapy in a variety of situations in Uganda, the author stresses the importance of allowing the profession to develop naturally from within its cultural context and concludes with some observations about the nature of occupational therapy as it emerges in Uganda. The purposes of this paper are to outline the development of occupational therapy as a rehabilitation profession within the context of the total rehabilitation of a nation; to explore the concept of occupational therapy as it emerges in the unique culture and environment of Uganda; and to identify aspects of occupational therapy in Uganda that can enhance the understanding and practice of occupational therapy worldwide.


We discuss the applications of fundamental groups (of complements of curves) computations (and possibly the computations of the second homotopy group as a model over it) to the classification of algebraic surface. We prove that the fundamental group of the complement of the branch curve of a generic projection of a Veronese surface to the complex plane is an "almost solvable" group in the sense that it contains a solvable group of finite index and thus we can consider the second fundamental group as model over the first.


This paper mainly focuses on the thermal stability performance, such as minimum quench energy (MQE) and normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV), of a quasi-isotropic strand (Q-IS) with three different configurations made from 2G high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes in the adiabatic approximation. Due to the anisotropic performance of thermal conductivity in 2G HTS tapes, the tensor form of the heat conduction equation was used instead of conventional isotropic forms. We first measured the MQE and NZPV of three strands in the adiabatic approximation. Subsequently, the experimental results were verified by finite element analysis and compared with the values of MQE and NZPV in a liquid nitrogen (LN2) bath. Finally, the effect of a metal sheath on the current distribution and generation of Joule heat during the quench process were analyzed through simulation. The results show that the arc-shaped aluminum filler brings slightly higher thermal stability of Q-IS while the copper sheath largely improves stability. Moreover, compared with the thermal stability of the strand fully exposed to the LN2 bath, for the strand in the adiabatic approximation, the MQE decreases a lot while the maximum of NZPV is increased by 2–3 times.


The xBiMnO3−(1 − x) PbTiO3 solid solution has been synthesized by an accurate, nonclassical, wet-chemistry method. Results show the existence of two structurally different perovskites, depending on the x value: tetragonal for 0≤ x <0.36; pseudocubic for 0.44< x ≤0.8; and a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between both symmetries for 0.36≤ x ≤0.44. When x ≥ 0.76, unidentified diffraction lines appear together with those of the perovskite. The evolution of the unit-cell parameters has been studied by X-ray diffraction techniques. The stability of different symmetries can be correlated with the Goldschmidt's tolerance factors (t) for perovskites, with the MPB only existing for a critical t ≈ 1.00 value. Materials with x ≤ 0.4 exhibit the ferroelectric transition above room temperature; their Curie temperatures have been determined by thermal analysis, dielectric versus temperature measurements, and dynamical−mechanical analysis. This temperature decreases as the bismuth and manganese contents increase, bein...


me of'prostituting my soul by leaving a career in medicine at Barts'. The International Society of Medical Hydrology had first budded off La Ligue contre le Rhumatism. The Spa Hospitals at Bath, Buxton and Harrogate were becoming the centres for treatment of rheumatic disease and the Forestiers of Aix les Bains had just discovered the value of gold in rheumatoid arthritis. Then came the War and, dating back to the Crimea,


Many plants grown in soils amended with silicon (Si) display increased levels of resistance to attack by insect herbivores. This study aimed to determine if Si treatment impeded Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) stalk penetration and subsequent damage, as well as borer mass gain, on the node and internode of a susceptible (N11) and a resistant (N33) sugarcane cultivar. Sugarcane [Saccharum spp. (Poaceae)] cultivars were grown in a pot trial in Si‐deficient river sand, with (Si+) and without (Si–) calcium silicate. Sugarcane was infested with 2‐week‐old E. saccharina larvae and harvested at four times, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after infestation. Silicon‐treated plants showed significant increases in Si content compared to controls, and the external rind was significantly harder for Si+ cane than Si– cane. Silicon treatment significantly decreased borer penetration, stalk damage, and larval mass gain. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that Si contributes to sugarcane stalk borer resistance by impeding larval penetration. Silicon appears to contribute to the suppression of E. saccharina directly through reduced larval growth and feeding damage to the crop, and indirectly by delaying stalk penetration, resulting most likely in increased exposure time of young larvae to natural enemies, adverse climatic factors, or control measures that target young larvae (e.g., insecticides).


Corona viruses, commonly called COVID-19, are a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Worldwide Covid-19 is affecting 210 countries and territories around the world and two international conveyances. As of 2 June 2020, there are 6,408,869 confirmed 2,935,368 recovered and 378,317 deaths cases has been reported in world of Coronavirus diseases, India is not untouched from this situation. Currently, it has reported infected 190,535 and 5,394 death cases due to COVID-19 in India. (https://covid19.who.int/region/searo/country/in). The COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh on 4 March 2020, with the first positive case in Ghaziabad. As of 1 June 2020, the state has 8361 confirmed cases, resulting in 222 deaths and 5030 recoveries. The situation is getting worst day by day as COVID-19 outbreaks and patients are increasing by every minute and become the most important issue for the whole world and So accessing knowledge and awareness among the people is very important. The present study using the exploratory data analysis we tried to demonstrate the knowledge and awareness of individuals about the COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. The findings of the present study can be utilized by the researchers and policy makers to handle this worst situation.


Aim: Nickel, which has a wide usage area in industries, has teratogenic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, and genotoxic effects. In this study, the protective effects of lycopene, which has antioxidant properties, were investigated against genotoxicity caused by nickel sulfate. Materials and Methods: In the study, a total of 24 rats (Wistar albino) were divided into four groups: Group I (control) daily by saline intraperitoneal (i.p.) and corn oil oral gavage (0.5 ml); Group II nickel sulfate (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was dissolved in physiological saline; Group III lycopene corn oil (0.5 ml) was suspended by oral gavage at 20 mg/kg doses; Group IV lycopene was suspended in corn oil (0.5 ml) and given by oral gavage at 20 mg/kg doses, 2 hours later, nickel sulfate (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for 21 days. Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were examined by bone marrow micronucleus test, which is one of the genotoxicity tests. Results: It was determined that the administration of lycopene for preventive purposes decreased the MNPCE levels significantly (p


Introduction This paper examines the phenomenon of Balinese women watching soap operas (opera sabun) on Indonesian TV in a post-reform broadcasting context. Soap operas fall into the category of sinetron (sinema elektronik)—popular dramas on Indonesian television. While there are sinetron action series and movies, the term sinetron was often used by the women in my data to refer to the soap operas they liked to watch. For this reason I use the terms sinetron and soap opera interchangeably throughout this article. There are two sources of data: Ž rstly, my notes on various examples of the genre, supported by Indonesian newspaper articles on these programmes. Secondly, my observations of, and discussions with, Balinese women watching television at home. This paper tries to understand the micro-practice of women watching (Indonesian) sinetron and (Brazilian) telenovela on television at home in the urban context of modern Bali. This paper assumes the understanding of the reader that Bali is both a highly integral and crucial part of Indonesia, and also in many ways very distinctive. When I went to Bali to do Ž eldwork as part of my research on social change and popular culture in South-East Asia, I was fortunate to Ž nd a small house to live in. It was expected that I would engage a maid. However, it appeared there was a major obstacle to this. My female friends told me that I could never get a full-time pembantu (maid) to come and work for me because I didn't have a television in the house. If I wanted a pembantu, it was Ž rst necessary to get a TV because the woman would not want to miss her favourite programmes. It was pointed out, quite accurately, that even some of the poorest households in Bali had a television set (see Hobart, unpublished; Sunindyo, 1998: 247). As this example illustrates, even maids, usually young women from very poor rural backgrounds, may leave a position if there is no television set in the house, such is the importance of television-watching in contemporary Balinese life. This paper is based on my observations of Balinese women watching TV, which they seemed to do a lot (Hobart, 1999: 267). While both men and women in Bali spend a lot of time watching television, this varies according to age, caste, occupation, and labour force participation, as well as gender. This paper focuses upon women between the ages of 19 and 35, watching prime-time Indonesian TV in Bali. It must be understood that in Bali, as elsewhere in most parts of the world, people rarely watch TV alone. The focus of analysis here is informed by the insight of Morley, who stated that when assembling data on television viewing, 'the basic unit of consumption of television should be the family/household rather than the individual viewer' (1992: 138, see also Gillespie, 1995). People in Bali watch TV with other people, with members of their own household, neighbours, relatives, and friends. The business of watching television is typically busy, with talk between viewers, child-care duties, household tasks, and the preparation of offerings and ceremony


Several of r~ friends have remarked on my latest move, which I like to think of as an escape from the harsh real world of state education into the ivory towers of industrial research. I have been able during the last few months to ponder on a number of interesting questions, such as how it is that Bob Sproull and I could effectively typeset an entire book ourselves, but couldn't computer generate more than a handful of the illustrations--very embarrassing when the book is about computer graphics. I have also thought quite a bit about the subjects of discussion proposed for this conference:


ABSTRACT This study seeks to revisit and evaluate the "combat theology" developed by Canaan Banana, a contemporary theologian, Methodist minister and the first president of Zimbabwe, notably with regard to the issue of land dispossession. It does so primarily against the backdrop of the historical analysis of the ways in which power operated at the intersection of religion and politics during the first three decades after Zimbabwe's attainment of political independence (1980). The article interrogates several facets of Banana's liberationist view of justice with regard to the land issue, including (a) speaking truth to political power, regardless of consequences; (b) bearing a prophetic witness vis-à-vis the church's own complicity in wrongdoing; as well as (c) making a distinction between the selective acts of "liberating violence" and the systemic violence inherent in unjust socio-political structures.


The persecution of the Jews after 1933 was not only a political process executed by the institution of the Nazi state. It was also a social process in which the German people were involved in a variety of ways. Only with the cooperation between the Nazi dictatorship and German society did the persecution of the Jews after 1933 take on its specific dynamic. This paper thoroughly investigates why so many Germans were moved to participate in the persecution of the Jews. The extent of the social anti-Semitism, the assimilation of the Germans to Nazi norms and behavioural expectations, the exploitation of the persecution of the Jews for personal gain and, finally, the growing popularity of the Nazi regime and Hitler played an important role. Lastly, this paper examines the reaction of the Germans to the Holocaust and mass murder.


In view of the growing global environmental protection consciousness and the continuous tense situation of the international energy supply,the technical research and development and the industrial development of the new energy vehicles has received great attention.At present,the United States,the European Union,Japan and other developed countries(regions) are developing the practice of the new energy vehicles development actively.Through the systemic pectination of the development course and trend of the world's new energy automobile,we analyzed the operation management patterns and the characteristics of the new energy vehicles in developed countries(regions) from three dimensions: industry,market and policy,and put forward the enlightenment to China's new energy vehicle operation management based on this.


Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women in developed countries. Approximately 15 to 20% of patients with BC have tumors with elevated levels of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), which are associated with an aggressive clinical phenotype and poor prognosis. Brain metastases (BM) appears in more than 15% in the HER2-positive breast cancer population, which cause serious decrease in survival.


confirmed by a very limited sample of recent judicial decisions in supreme courts. Inevitably, the French chapter lacks good empirical data, and readers will need to supplement this by analysing some of the conclusions of the public representative and the report of the reporter judge, which are now online. The synthesis is good and brings out the similarities and differences between the systems more clearly and insightfully than in many comparative studies. On the other hand, his very distinctive empirical study of Slovakia and the Czech Republic as representative of Central and Eastern European legal systems brings out the importance of institutional context and practices, as well as historical tradition. There is sufficient diversity in these examples to suggest lines of reflection on the way in which comparative law is used in different legal systems. It will be for others to expand the range of countries and modify the analysis. But the suggestion that there may be differences between human rights decisions and other branches of law encourages the reader not to treat a legal system as a monolithic whole. The work is very readable. The empirical chapters are preceded by substantial chapters which analyse the issues of the nature of the subject and how to conduct research on it. The theoretical part provides several chapters which discuss in depth the consequences of the empirical studies for existing scholarship on legal reasoning and comparative law. This book offers a significant contribution to both the jurisprudence of legal reasoning and to the study of the role of comparative law in legal development. The analysis is sophisticated and does not exaggerate the subordinate place of comparative law in the overall scheme of legal reasoning. It merits careful study by those engaged in the practice of undertaking and using comparative law.


We compared the effects on growth of backpack-mounted and surgically implanted radiotransmitters used as marking techniques in studies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) poult survival. We applied repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bayesian analysis to evaluate the null hypothesis that marking technique did not affect growth. Growth in body mass was similar among treatment groups. We did, however, find differences in wing-growth rates among treatment groups. The control group had the highest wing-growth rate, the backpack group had the lowest growth rate, and the surgical implant group was intermediate. Latex backpack harnesses also caused physical developmental problems that would have negatively biased wild poult survival estimates in the field. Surgically implanted transmitters affected wing growth less than the backpack harnesses and are therefore recommended for attaching transmitters to wild turkey poults.


Paul's use of tradition is a further indication of his own thought, for he would not likely quote approvingly material with which he disagreed. The tradition itself, so used, is evidence of pre-Pauline thought which directly influenced Paul. I Cor. 8: 6 and Phil 2: 6-II, two important texts which relate creation and redemption have been judged by many to be pre-Pauline. I Cor. 8: 6 represent an unquestioned article of faith according to which the relation between creation and redemption was a normative part of the earliest Church's proclamation. The circumstance that Paul mentions the cosmological work of Christ only incidentally in an ethical section indicates that belief in the cosmic Christ was shared in common by Paul and the early Church, so much so that Paul could cite that belief without elaboration and expect its acceptance by the Corinthians as a matter of course.Keywords: corinthians; cosmic Christ; creation; Paul; redemption


The development of parosteal bone within muscle following trauma has become an important and interesting surgical problem since the advent of the roentgen ray, which has made more certain the diagnosis of the condition, and the increasing incidence of injuries due to occupation. The intense interest in this condition resulted from the increasing demands made by accident insurance companies upon the surgeon for a more definite prognosis following injury to muscle and bone, because of the workmen's compensation law. Josephson, 1 in 1874, made the first collection from the literature of fifty-eight cases of what he called muscular osteomas, and Cahier, 2 in 1904, gathered 133 cases. Schulz, 3 1903, gathered 296 and, in 1912, Jones and Morgan 4 collected 339 cases. During the last decade the recorded cases have numbered in the thousands. All the theories of traumatic bone formation in muscle include the factor of initial injury. In


Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunistic pathogen which can infect 150 kinds of aquatic animals.In this paper,the same bacteria strain FZ09 was isolated from the mucus,dorsal fins and gills of Sebastods schlegeli,and was identified as Mycobacterium marinum by physiological,biochemical characterization and heat shock protein 65 DNA sequence analysis.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)was extracted from strain FZ09 by phenol-chloroform-methanol method,ethanol-phenol-water method and hot phenol-water method,respectively,and the composition and antigenic differences of the extracted LPS were analyzed by SDS-PAGE,Western blotting and ELISA.The results showed that LPS extracted by three methods shared the same compositions and the main bands had molecular weights of 14,16 and 23 ku.LPS extracted by ethanol-phenol method had the highest purity and concentration,and LPS extracted by traditional hot phenol water method had the most bands and best antigenicity.Western-blotting showed that anti-FZ09 antiserum mainly reacted with 14 ku band of the LPS,which showed a negative reaction after mild treatment with periodate except for LPS extraction by traditional hot phenol-water method that demonstrated weak positive.ELISA revealed that reactivity of anti-FZ09 antiserum and LPS decreased after periodate oxidation and OD405 reduced significantly.


In order to improve the shift quality and extend the durability of the clutch, the engine coordinated control for gear downshifts is studied in this paper. A dynamic model of 2-1 shifting process is built using the Lagrange method. Subsequently, by analyzing stages of the shifting process, the quantitative relationship between the input torque and the clutch friction torque of ideal gear shifting has been obtained, and the ideal control trajectories of clutch pressure are proposed. The output torque observer is designed, moreover, the coordinated powertrain control strategy for gear shifting has been provided. The experimental results show that through coordinated engine torque control, the shift jerk and the friction work during downshift inertia phase can be reduced significantly; what's more, the shift quality of power-on downshifting can be improved by the closed-loop control of turbine speed.


How many democracies are there in the world? What is "theocratic rule"? How do NATO and the UN ensure fair play on a global scale? And who really rules the roost in the West Wing? In these times of intense political debate this comprehensible illustrative guide to the halls of power in every nation of the world today should answer all of the above questions and many more.


In the course of urbanization in China,with a large number of agricultural land requisition,a considerable amount of land-lost farmers were produced,and they suffered heavy loss of profits and become a special disadvantaged groups.How to safeguard farmers' interests have become the hot spot of the social problems.Therefore,the problems about protection of farmers' benefits and the causes of problems were analyzed,and then some solutions and countermeasures for the problems were put forward.


A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of medicine of the university of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of science

Johannesburg 1991


An exact quantum close‐coupling calculation of rotationally inelastic scattering cross sections is performed for the best available anisotropic Ar–O2 potential. 110 coupled channels for 10 rotational states are included for the first 99 partial waves. The convergence is demonstrated with up to 156 coupled channels test calculations for selected partial waves. The results agree qualitatively with former IOS calculations of these cross sections and confirm an about 30% to 50% too small anisotropy of the employed potential.


In 1878 Israi~l ~ reported the first case of actinomycosis in man, which had been observed by yon Longenbeck 33 years earlier. Ponfick 16 first described actinomycosis of the brain in 1880 when he reported 2 cases. The involvement of the central nervous system by this disease is in itself rare, and there has been considerable discussion as to whether it can be primary. Zeitlin and Lichtenstein 22 stated that actinomycotic lesions of the central nervous system were secondary to a focus elsewhere in the body, and that if no obvious gross primary lesion could be found, the lungs and other organs should be carefully examined after fixation. However, Cope ~ in a monograph on the disease lists 10 cases of isolated involvement of the brain, 6 of which were located either in the third ventricle or near the septum pellucidum and the anterior commissure. Sanford and Voelker, ~8 reporting 670 cases of actinomycosis in 1925, and Cope, 3 reviewing 1,330 cases in 1938, grouped the sites of infection into the cervico-facial, thoracic, abdominal, and miscellaneous. The incidence of cerebral distribution was so small that a separate designation was not made, but these cases were merely included in the miscellaneous group of 8 per cent and 5 per cent respectively. In an extensive review of actinomycosis of the head and neck in 1936, Gardiner 6 stated that "actinomycosis of the brain is almost a hopeless situation." The following year Friedman and Levy 5 collected from the literature 108 cases of actinomycotic involvement of the central nervous system; 23 of these were reported as primary. Trea tment was symptomatic and the cases were "invariably fatal." The advent of chemotherapy has changed the prognosis of the disease. Walker 19 reported a cure of the abdominal type of actinomycosis using sulfa drugs. Ogilvie 15 and Dobson, Holman, and Cutting 4 found that these drugs inhibited secondary invaders, thereby permitting the natural body resistance to overcome the actinomycosis. Cures with penicillin were reported in 1944 by Wollgast, 21 Herrell, s Christie and Garrod, 2 and by numerous others since that time. Penicillin was not necessarily the only drug used, but it was regarded by all authors as the most important factor in effecting the cure. Kolouch and Peltier it reviewed 1,236 cases with regard to the success of therapy in cervico-facial, thoracic, and abdominal cases and concluded that a regime of energetic supportive therapy, chemotherapy, and radical excision of the infected tissue was best. None of the above authors reported on the t reatment of actinomycosis affecting the central nervous system. However, in June 1948 Jacobson and Cloward 1~ described the cure of a patient with actinomycotic meningitis treated with sulfonamides, penicillin, and streptomycin. Kr(inlein 12 in 1910 appears to have been the first surgeon to perform complete excision of a brain abscess. Although not their usual procedure, most neurosurgeons have, in selected cases, completely removed well encapsulated abscesses. Clovis Vincent in 1936 recommended this procedure in practically all cases. In recent years many pyogenic brain abscesses have been treated by radical excision along with


Social values are important to maintain social life as shared norms by members of society. During the socialization process, values of society are transfered by member to member via social interactions and social relationships. In socialization process, interactions between generations are important to maintain cultural values. Because of social change, experiences of elderly people and traditional cultural elements have the risk of loss in time. If experiences of elderly people are transfered to younger generations, it would be protect to cultural values and items. In this study it is aimed that what are cultural values, their transfer and change in socialization process are insisted to generational relationships and the importance of elderly people.


Objectives: Many observational studies have shown a lower health-related quality of life of hypertension patients, yet not all of them. This study aimed to summarize the association between hypertension and health-related quality of life in the Chinese population. Methods: We systematically searched the observational studies in the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index and CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data. The retrieval time was from 1 January, 1990 to 1 October, 2017. Results: 33 studies included in this systematic review, 21 of them selected for the meta-analysis presented worse quality of life in hypertensive individuals. The meta-analysis showed lower scores in hypertensive individuals for the eight domains and physical components [−4.93; 95% confidence interval −8.40 to −1.47], and no statistical difference in mental components [−1.62;95% confidence interval −4.26 to 1.02]. Conclusion: Health-related quality of life of hypertensive patients is worse than that of normotensive individuals. Studying it's influencing factors is of great significance to improve the control rate and reduce complications of hypertension.


Many Sub-Saharan African countries are embarking on major changes in their property rights law with the goal of achieving more vigorous economic growth and alleviating poverty. Uganda has been at the forefront of these changes in property rights in land with Constitutional change and a new land law. The Ugandan land law encapsulates recent efforts to formalize the informal property rights that exist. This article uses paired case studies to examine the implementation and enforcement of the 1998 Land Act in Uganda. There have been three major impediments to the implementation of the Land Act: lack of capacity, corruption and customary law. While the new land law in Uganda has been necessary to achieve a change in property rights, it has faced obstacles in its implementation that undermine the achievement of secure private rights to land.


In this report, we present experimen tally determined critical configurations for 28 one-, two-, and three-dimensional Plutonium arrays. These arrays include unmoderated, moderated, and externally reflected systems. The basic array part consists of a 3-kg m a s s of or-phase Pluto nium in the shape of a right circular The Livermore Array Program was initiated in 1965 to provide an experi mental and calculational study of Plu tonium arrays. It was terminated in September 1969 after more than four years of critical and subcritical experi ments. The experiments were divided' into three phases. Phase I consisted of experiments performed on a small assembly machine originally constructed for another program. When experi mental s i ze s became too large for this machine, a much larger one was con structed specifically for the Array Program, and the Immediately suc ceeding experiments were designated Phase H. When a Bafety rule was found to be invalid, temporarily suspending the regular experiments, a special set of l inear arrays was performed. These experiments, called Phase m , were done cylinder. The moderator consists of cylindrical mock high-explosive jackets in three thicknesses—1.27, 2.55, and 3.82 cm. Eight different array units were constructed by using one or two of the basic plutonium parts, with or without the moderator jackets. The external reflec tor material i s polyethylene. with a single loading unit cut into two halves and turned horizontally on the Phase K machine. Although many critical configurations were determined, 28 stand out as being individually unique; that i s , they were not trivial variations of other arrays. The critical point was generally determined by Bcbcritical extrapolations. Most ar rays attained a maximum multiplication greater than 100, and three achieved the critical state, that i s , a small positive power-level period. Arrays with lower multiplications naturally had greater uncertainties in their critical spacingB. We have previously published data 1-3 from 18 of the arrays. Our earlier publications contained results of certain minor parameter variations and a dis cussion of our experimental procedures. In this report we will correct a few of Introduction our early results that were reported incorrectly. The first part of this report presents the material and geometric specifications of the parts used to build array units. These parts include the aluminum support structure components, as well as the Plu tonium and neutronic mock high-explosive components. Uncertainties in these pa rameters are given and are to he inter preted as estimates of probable error (that magnitude of deviation whose probability of being exceeded i s one half). The second part of the report presents critical configurations as determined di rectly and by extrapolation. These results are presented both pictorially and in tab ular form. The critical configurations, which are drawn (approx 1/10 scale) in plan and elevation views, are intended to be useful as work sheets (see FigB. 9-36). Unit Plutonium center-to-center and surface-to-surface spacings, along with overall array dimensions, are given in centimeters. For array units having a moderator jacket the moderator surfaceto-surface spacing is a lso given. The tabular summary should be useful for quick reference and includes calculated unit cell volumes for convenience. Un certainties in critical spacings should be understood as probable errors due to the small variations between individual array units and irregularities in the support structure but not due to table and room return or temperature variations. That i s , the uncertainties do not relate to the ideal critical experiment composed of perfect and identical array units at a uni form temperature assembled in free space without supporting structure or any near or distant reflecting materials. Estimates of critical spacings for such ideal experiments have not been made. Material and Geometric Specifications


A survey carried out in various European countries (the Citizenship, Involvement, Democracy [2001–2003] research project) revealed, rather surprisingly, that Portugal registered significantly higher overall levels of political tolerance than Spain (tolerance being measured by the number of minority groups the respondents excluded from participation in public meetings). The explanation put forward for these results was based on the distinction between 'structural tolerance', based on established dispositions and attitudes, and the circumstantial component of tolerance, which is dependent on the level of conflict with the minority groups. The greater presence in Spain than in Portugal of ideological extremism (Basque terrorism by ETA) and Islamic fundamentalism would explain this difference. In 2006, the same battery of questions measuring political tolerance was applied in Portugal and, partly, in Spain. In this study I seek to analyse (1) how these tolerance levels have developed, (2) whether the difference in tolerance levels between the two countries has been maintained and (3) whether the explanation for this difference is still valid.


The attempts of robot implementations and simulation framework designs for the solution to three dimensional robot active olfaction problems are reviewed. A numerical model is proposed to dynamically simulate the gas dispersion under the air flow disturbance introduced by the rotating propellers of gas-sensitive unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The model is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates free vortex methods and statistical approaches. Both velocity field and gas dispersion calculation processes are described. Theoretically the model is suitable for the simulation of all gas-sensitive UAVs which gain thrust with propellers.


Scratch, a kind of visual programming software, has been widely used in instruction for primary school children. Scratch constructs a digital world for children to design, develop, and create coursework in which their creative thinking is fostered. Different instructional methods have been designed and implemented to stimulate children's creative thinking skills through their coursework. This study investigated whether scaffolding construction with mind mapping promoted children's creative thinking in a Scratch course. Two groups of 84 fifth-grade pupils participated in the study. The experimental group of 44 students adopted the scaffolding construction with mind mapping in the Scratch course, while the control group of 40 students did not use the mind mapping method. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT-F) and Torrance Creative Personality Self-Report Scale were used three times over the 16-week learning period. The results show that learning in the Scratch course promoted the children's creative thinking. The difference between the two groups indicates that mind mapping was beneficial to improve the children's creative thinking.


This study aims to determine the suistability and carrying capacity of marine tourism in Mangkian island of the Anambas Islands Marine Tourism Park. The survey was conducted in Mangkian Island, Batu Belah Village, East Siantan District, July to September 2017. Environmental parameters of coral cover (life form), and some aquatic biota strongly support marine tourism activities in this area. The results showed that The level of suitability of maritime tourism is at IKW value for coastal tourism category is very suitable, category diving tour accordingly, and snorkeling tour category according to conditional. The carrying capacity of the area in every tourism activity that is beach tourism 101 people / day, dive tourism 123 people / day and snorkeling tourism is recommended need rehabilitation first. Public perceptions on the management and development of marine tourism, especially in the ecological, economic and socio-cultural aspects of local communities.


Abstract A highly selective and sensitive method is described for the determination of para- as well as ortho-isomers of aminophenol. The method involves oxidative coupling of aminophenol with Berthelot hypochlorite-alkaline phenol reagents. The reaction yielded a blue chromophose with p-aminophenol (∑=10,000 at 633 nm) and a dark green chromophore with o-aminophenol (∑=1436 at 845 nm). The reaction mechanisms involved in the chromophore formation are discussed.


A dynamic light scattering study of 1,3,5‐tri‐α‐naphthyl benzene in the supercooled state using Fabry–Perot interferometry is carried out. The frequency, linewidth, and Landau–Placzek ratio of the spectrum associated with the longitudinal hypersonic wave, the frequency of the transverse hypersonic wave, and the orientational relaxation time are determined as functions of temperature. The linewidth maximum of the longitudinal hypersonic wave is observed at 420 K, at which the transverse frequency becomes vanishingly small; the longitudinal frequency also changes the temperature dependence behavior at this temperature. Combination of the interferometric data with the data obtained using photon correlation shows that over 13 orders of magnitude, the temperature dependence of the orientational relaxation time follows the Debye–Stokes–Einstein equation.


The 1995 RAND study Estimating Eye Care and Workforce Requirements analyzes the United States' supply, demand, and need for eyecare providers. Portions of the RAND study were prepared along traditional ophthalmic specialty lines. This article extracts and further analyzes those portions of the study that are of interest to active subspecialty oculoplastic surgeons. The RAND study results indicate a significant current and very probable future oversupply of oculoplastics workforce personnel. This oversupply is further exacerbated when a RAND study underestimate of the number of new fellowship-trained oculoplastic surgeons is corrected.


GROWING frustration over the seemingly endless wait for nurse prescribing to be rolled out nationally was expressed at the Lib Dems conference.


The activity of globinase from Plasmodium berghei was determined by a radiometric method using [3H]globin of mice as substrate. Nine antimalarials (dihydroartemisinin DHQ, artemether AM, chloroquine CQ, primaquine PQ, nitroquine NQ, pyracrini Pyr, changrolin CRL and β-dichroine Di-β), four antineoplastics (10-hydrocamptothecin HC, homoharringtonine HH, methotrexate MTX and cytarabine Ara-C), and FeCl3 were tested on their capacities to inhibit the proteolysis in the above model system. The results showed that AS, Pyr, CQ and CRL exhibited inhibitory effects on the proteolysis at 1, 1, 10 and 10 mmol/L, respectively, but not at the lower concentrations, suggesting that the mode of antimalarial action of these drugs is not by inhibiting the globinase.
 Since Fe3+ 1 mmol/L inhibited the proteolysis, the ferri-portion of ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) may be responsible for the inhibition of the proteolysis. CQ did not inhibit the proteolysis at 1 mmol/L that was much higher than its effective concentration against malaria parasites, but the binding of CQ to FP might hinder FP sequestration.
 HC showed a strong inhibition on the proteolysis, that may be a clue to search for the antimalarials with novel structures.
 The levels of free amino-acids in P herghei were not affected by DHQ 33 μmol/L after incubation in vitro at 37 °C for 4 h.


It is not always possible to spend sufficient time with the patient and family to get the job done. Being a proactive communicator can make a big difference.


Asif Currimbhoy emerged as a notable Indian English playwright in the postindependence period. Faubian Bowers commented about him that he was "India's first authentic voice in the theatre". His modern plays were well known in India and abroad. The dramatic groups of American Universities, repertory companies and the off Broadway theatre had staged his plays. Politics and public affairs found abundant expression in his plays and according to Peter Nazareth, "Asif Currimbhoy interweaves the public event with the private to create exciting drama which asks moral questions about humanity in the cataclysmic period of de-colonisation".


In general, trilobites had their moulting performed by the breakdown of the librigena, a region (more external) situated on the cephalon of those animals. However, phacopid (calmonid and homalonotid) trilobites from the Paraná Basin have shown a Salterian moulting pattern, differing from the other trilobites. This moult pattern consisted of the separation of all the cephalon to the thorax. So, this paper intends to demonstrate information regarding preservation standards resulting from behavior(moult) of trilobites from the Paraná Basin, as found in the literature specialized and studied scientific collections.


Introduction - Thanks to improvement of care, cancer has become a chronic condition. But due to the toxicity of treatment, the importance of supporting the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients increases. Monitoring and managing QoL relies on data collected by the patient in his/her home environment, its integration, and its analysis, which supports personalization of cancer management recommendations. We review the state-of-the-art of computerized systems that employ Data Science methods to monitor the health status and provide support to cancer patients managed at home. Objective - Our main objective is to analyze the literature to identify open research challenges that a novel decision support system for cancer patients and clinicians will need to address, point to potential solutions, and provide a list of established best-practices to adopt. Methods - We designed a review study, in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, analyzing studies retrieved from PubMed related to monitoring cancer patients in their home environments via sensors and self-reporting: what data is collected, what are the techniques used to collect data, semantically integrate it, infer the patient state from it and deliver coaching/behavior change interventions. Results - Starting from an initial corpus of 819 unique articles, a total of 180 papers were considered in the full-text analysis and 110 were finally included in the review. Our findings are organized and presented in four main sub-topics consisting of data collection, data integration, predictive modeling and patient coaching. Conclusion - Development of modern decision support system for cancer needs to utilize best practices like the use of validated electronic questionnaires for quality of life assessment, adoption of appropriate information modeling standards supplemented by terminologies/ontologies, adherence to FAIR data principles, external validation, stratification of patients in subgroups for better predictive modeling, and adoption of formal behavior change theories. Open research challenges include supporting emotional and social dimensions of well-being, including PROs in predictive modeling, and providing better customization of behavioral interventions for the specific population of cancer patients.


Weed infestation and inherent low soil fertility are among the major factors
 attributed to the low yield of rice in Nigeria. Field trials were therefore
 conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen application levels and weed
 control methods on growth and yield of upland rice (var. NERICA 2) at the
 Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture,
 Abeokuta (07o 15?N, 03o 25?E) during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. Three
 nitrogen (N) levels (0, 60 and 90 kg/ha) were evaluated and they constituted
 the main plot treatments, while three weed control treatments, viz:
 pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? (propanil plus 2, 4-D) at 2.0 kg
 a.i ha-1, Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by supplementary hoe
 weeding (SHW) at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) and three hoe-weeding regimes at
 3, 6 and 9 WAS, and a weedy check constituted the sub-plot treatments. All
 the treatments in different combinations were laid out in a randomized
 complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates.
 Results indicated a significant (p?0.05) increase in weed density and dry
 matter with an increase in N application level from 0 to 90 kg ha-1.
 Similarly, crop vigour and plant height increased significantly (p?0.05)
 with increasing N application levels up to 90 kg ha-1. However, 60 and 90 kg
 N ha-1 were at par in increasing the number of tillers, leaf area index and
 yield attributes of rice. All the weed control methods resulted in a
 significant (p?0.05) reduction in weed density and dry matter with
 subsequent increase in rice growth and yield than the weedy check.
 Pre-emergence application of Orizo Plus? followed by SHW at 6 WAS and three
 hoe-weeding regimes resulted in significantly (p?0.05) lower weed density
 and dry matter, and a higher number of tillers, panicle weight and grain
 yield than a sole application of Orizo Plus?. With Orizo Plus? followed by
 one SHW or three hoe-weeding regimes, increasing N application levels
 resulted in a significant (p?0.05) increase in grain yield of rice. However,
 with Orizo Plus? applied alone, increasing N application levels did not
 increase rice grain yield. These results suggest that Orizo Plus? at 2.0 kg
 a.iha-1 followed by one SHW at 6 WAS integrated with N application at 90 kg
 ha-1 is adequate to effectively control weeds and increase rice yield in the
 rainforest-savannah transition zone of Nigeria.


We investigate the voltage-controllable add-drop multiplexer with a tunable coupler based on long-period fiber gratings. The large tuning range of optical signals (~ 50.54 nm) from 1502.32 nm to 1552.86, which covers both the S and C-band, is achieved.


Satellite systems have been proposed previously for broadband data and multimedia services. Many systems need a great number of satellites to provide global broadband services with limited frequencies, and each satellite may have a number of direct inter-satellite links (ISLs) that are mutually visible satellites. But, in case where long distance dependent (LDD) and multimedia traffic dominates, performances in terms of the overall network decrease, because of traffic transfer via many ISLs on the routing path. To solve these problems, we have proposed a novel topological design for a broadband satellite network, the so-called satellite over satellite (SOS) network that has a hierarchical satellite constellation with multiple layers. In this paper, we present a hierarchical satellite routing protocol (HSRP) that is a hierarchical, dynamic and QoS adaptive routing protocol for LDD multimedia traffic in the SOS network. We also introduce the good characteristics of the SOS architecture and HSRP by simulations of performance evaluations.


Introduction Carbon deposition is a major factor of catalyst deactivation. Thus, to know the amount of deposited carbon on catalyst surfaces spectroscopically is an important issue to understand the mechanism of the deposition and to develop robust catalysts against carbon deposition. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has a great advantage for in situ measurement, because gas ambient does not absorb hard X-rays. We measured Pt L edge XANES spectra of supported Pt catalysts at various amounts of deposited carbon. We related the change of whiteline intensity to the amount of deposited carbon. The effect of supports and carbon sources were also investigaged.


TO THE EDITOR: The recent Perspective of Abe et al. (1) is a valuable contribution to the topic of quantitative relationships between the fat and the fat-free components of the body. They utilized published data relating to six different programs of dietary restriction, mostly combined with exercise. My aim here is to link their approach to those of related studies on adults in which exercise programs are not involved (2,3). These concern the influence of fat mass (FM) on lean (i.e., fat-free) mass (LM), quantified by the ratio ΔLM/ΔFM, in which Δ denotes difference or change.