The Labour Force is positively related to economic growth. It comprises all persons of working age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of goods and services during a specified time-reference period. It refers to the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed. The paper is aimed at studying the trends in labour force in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. It is based on the descriptive type of research and data collected from census of India for three census periods (i.e. 1991, 2001 and 2011). The findings reveal that the increase in the labour force was very marginal, main workers had declined, marginal workers were more than doubled and the percent cultivators had been significantly declined during 1991-2011. However, percent of agricultural labour was same in 1991 and 2001, while it is significantly increased in 2011 census in the region. Keywords: Population; Labour Force; Main and marginal workers; Cultivators and Agriculture Labour


Behavioral responses of organisms are often sensitive indicators of changes in the environment over short time frames. The rate of burrowing of Abarenicola pacifica, a lugworm typical of muddy tidal flats, was studied to determine its response to the presence of hydrocarbons in the environment. If a reduction in burrowing rates is reflected in reduced food intake, a decline in nutritional status might be expected. The level of free amino acids in the tissues was examined as a possible indicator of nutritional status. (ACR)


Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rarely occurring congenital anomaly with the incidence of 0.3% in general population. This anomaly results from the persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein. In 90% of cases blood from PLSVC flows into the coronary sinus and then to the right atrium. It may complicate the placement of central vein catheters in the jugular and subclavian veins and, as such, cardiologists should be aware of the existence of this anatomic variant. Here we describe an adult patient with persistence of the left superior vena cava identified during made echocardiography test in a 57-year-old male patient with paroxysmal atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) who was admitted to a cardiac ward on a regular basis for ablation procedure.


In this study, an external electric field was used to facilitate the growth of vertically aligned ZnO crystal rods on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates in an aqueous solution. We used Zn(NO3) and C6H12N4 as precursor and reagent. We found that the external electric field generated by DC potential of 5 kV between two electrodes that were placed outside the bottle could facilitate the growth of homogeneous, high density and vertically aligned ZnO crystal rods. Position of the substrate during the growth of crystal was found to be important to obtain well aligned crystal. The crystals that were grown near the negative electrode had the best properties. Photoluminescence measurement at room temperature revealed sharp peaks at around 360 and 380 nm and a broad peak around 420 nm that indicated good properties of ZnO crystals grown with external electric field.


The issue of security in the use of payment-based technology is considered essential to continue to be studied because of the impact of advances in technology and information. One of the payment methods that is developing in Indonesia is m-fintech. Therefore, this study analyzes the aspects driving the continuance intention of m-fintech payments, namely knowledge, perceived security, and perceived usefulness. This study uses a questionnaire as the primary data to test the hypothesis. Questionnaires were distributed online to 357 consumers using m-fintech payments in Jabodetabek. Therefore, the sampling technique used is purposive. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 22.214.171.124 software is used to answer the hypothesis. The results of this study prove that knowledge, perceived security, and perceived usefulness are good predictors in explaining the continuance intention of m-fintech payments. In detail, knowledge influenced perceived security, and perceived usefulness influenced the continuance intention of m-fintech payments. Finally, perceived security and usefulness affect the continuance intention of m-fintech payments. These findings contribute to m-fintech payment companies continuing to improve the security of m-fintech payments in line with improvements in technology and information.


Abstract The effects of aerially sprayed fenitrothion (210 g/ha) and aminocarb (70 g/ha) on several hymenopteran taxa in New Brunswick are reported. Exposure cage experiments showed fenitrothion to cause as high mortality among solitary bees and vespid wasps as that previously reported for bumble bees. Exposure cage experiments under aminocarb sprays revealed no detectably increased mortality for bumble bees, but a significant effect on solitary bees. Experiments in which whole bumble bee colonies were set out in fenitrothion and aminocarb spray blocks a few days before spraying gave comparable results to those from the exposure cage experiments. A series of comparisons of bumble bee densities in sprayed and unsprayed areas confirmed our earlier finding that populations are greatly reduced after fenitrothion application. Population recovery during the rest of the season appears to be influenced by meteorological conditions. The ecological replacement of early-emerging by late-emerging Bombus species in fenitrothion spray blocks is further documented. No relationship between bee densities and aminocarb application was found. A method for retrospective assessment of pollinator activity by measuring nectar levels in Clintonia borealis was successfully carried out on a small-scale basis.


Arrhythmia is a type of heart condition in which the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat is abnormal. Machine learning is increasingly being researched for automated computer-aided ECG diagnosis of arrhythmia detection. Previous works have shown that using Deep CNNs for time series classification has several significant advantages over other methods, since they are highly noise-resistant models, and they can extract very informative, deep features, which are independent of time. However, in using deep learning for arrhythmia detection, the interpretation of how the model learns from the ECG data is limited. In this paper, we propose an extension of CNN-based learning in detecting arrhythmia using recurrence plots from ECG signal data with accuracy within 95.8%, then we conduct the visualization using the Grad-CAM approach on the recurrence plot data to have a better interpretation of the classification process. We summarize our results by drawing comparisons between traditional diagnosis by clinicians and AI-based diagnosis using our classification model.


A motorized retractable running board assembly (10) for a motor vehicle comprising: a housing assembly substantially hermetically sealed (12); a stirrup (17) having a linkage system parallel (14, 15) pivotally mounting the stirrup (17) on a vehicle for pivotal movement about generally vertical axes between a stowed position or storage under the vehicle and a position unfolding extending outwardly of the vehicle, wherein the said running board (17) having an upper bearing surface; a gear assembly (20) disposed in said sealed housing assembly (12) and coupled to an arm (14) of said parallel linkage; a motor (18) assembly coupled drivingly with said gear assembly (20), wherein said motor (18) assembly operable to pivot said running board (17) between said positions deployed and retracted; one stop structure (300) positioned to engage said arm (14) of said parallel linkage when said running board (17) is in said deployed position, and wherein said stop structure (300) includes a movable structure (306) disposed at an interface between said stop structure (300) and said arm (14), and a spring member (308) biasing said movable structure (306) towards a first position, wherein said movable structure (306) prevents movement of said arm (14) beyond said deployed position, wherein said movable structure (308) is movable against the pressure of said member spring (308 ) to a second position allowing movement of the arm (14) beyond said deployed position when an external force to said bracket (17) exceeding a value applies d and threshold.


The present invention relates to the preparation of the gaseous fuel (e.g., natural gas) pressure in order to add to the feed for the fuel tank of the vehicle (22). The object is to compress the container (1) and (2) to the working fluid 30 is pressed by the compressed gas, and the hydraulic drive unit (5) by alternately transferring of the compressed container (1) and (2) arranged in two vertical charging is accomplished by a method by compressing and forcibly transferred into the high pressure vessel. Each cycle of the gas (29) to compress the gas in the compression container (1) and (2) and force transfer is carried out until it is fully filled with the working fluid (30) contained within these vessels to compress the container (1) and (2) and, a liquid level in the novel method in that the sensor (4) in response to the signals transmitted by that from one of the compressed vessel alternately into the force transferred to the rest of the compressed vessel.


As a low-complexity and energy-efficient multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique, spatial modulation (SM) has received much interest recently. Combining SM with cooperative relaying, the performance of SM systems can be significantly improved. Considering joint transmit-receive-correlated Rayleigh channels, the error performance and power allocation (PA) of the amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying aided cooperative SM system are presented in this paper. Based on the moment generating function (MGF), the probability density function (PDF) of effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived. With this PDF, a closed-form expression of the pairwise error probability (PEP) is obtained. Utilizing the obtained PEP and the union bound of bit error rate (BER), the approximate average BER expression is further derived, which will benefit the performance analysis of the system in spatially correlated channels. According to the asymptotical performance analysis at high SNR, an asymptotic BER expression is also derived. By minimizing this asymptotic BER, a suboptimal power allocation scheme is developed, and the closed-form PA coefficients are attained. Besides, the diversity order of system is also analyzed and derived for the performance evaluation. Numerical results show that our theoretical analysis is valid, and can match the corresponding simulation well. Moreover, the proposed PA scheme can achieve superior BER performance over the conventional equal PA scheme since the powers are well allocated in terms of channel information.


The article deals with the changes of agro-climatic resources of Transbaikalie in the second half of XXthe first decade of the XXI century. The study was performed on the basis of meteorological data of the Transbaikal department of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring for the period from 1951 to 2010. Long-term climate change is happening in the global and regional scales and leads to the changes of heat and humidity and their relationship. The ratio of heat and moisture determines the agro-climatic resources of the territory. In recent decades, the resources of heat during the growing season in the Transbaikal have increased. The sum of active temperatures has increased over the 60-year period, mainly on 150...350° C. In the change of moisture there are no long-term trends. It is characterized by cyclicity. An increase in air temperature has led to an increase in the length of the growing season throughout Transbaikalie. At the same time the index of aridity has increased. Evaporability increased in most parts of the region under study. Most parts of Transbaikalie increased biological effectiveness indicators of climate and bioclimatic potential. However, in the main agricultural area, they tend to decrease. Long-term changes of agro-climatic indices are characterized by cyclic recurrence. It is associated mainly with the cycles of precipitation. In the coming years it is expected to increase moisture in Transbaikalie. The onset of the next phase of increased moisture will reduce dryness. It is projected to rise bioclimatic potential and biological efficiency of climate. This will help to improve the agro-climatic conditions of Transbaikalie


Purpose . Comparative analysis of long-term clinical and functional results of the intra-stromal MyoRing implantation according to standard techniques and optimized technologies using a femtosecond laser (FSL) in patients with keratoconus (KC), stages II and III. Material and methods . Results of surgical treatment of 60 patients (64 eyes) were analyzed in patients with KC of stages II and III. Depending on the technique of the operation, all patients were divided into  two groups. The group I consisted of patients with KC, who underwent the MyoRing implantation according to the standard technique, the group II used an optimized technology. The group I included  29 patients (32 eyes), the group II – 31 patients (32 eyes). In the group I the intra-stromal pocket of 9.0mm diameter was formed at a depth of 300 microns using the FSL. In the group II the intra-stromal pocket of 8.0mm diameter was formed at a depth of 80% of the minimum thickness of the cornea at the place of MyoRing location also using the FSL. The follow-up period averaged 36 months. Results. In the group I, in the period from 6 to 36 months postoperatively a regress was detected  in keratometric data, corneal thickness over the MyoRing and presence of posterior corneal elevation. In the  group II  all postoperative clinical and  functional parameters  achieved 12 months remained stable throughout the follow-up period. Both groups had no intra-operative complications. In group I, one case of the MyoRing protrusion was observed 24 months after surgery. Conclusion. Application of the  optimized MyoRing  implantation technology compared to the standard one allows to improve more bio-mechanical parameters of the cornea and to reduce the risk of the ring protrusion.


Native English Speaking Teachers (NESTs) have been employed in various English language teaching (ELT) positions and departments at private and state universities in Turkey, particularly over the last three decades. However, undergraduate EFL students' attitudes toward NESTs and Non-Native English Speaking Teachers (Non-NESTs) remain seriously under-investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of communication classes given by NESTs and Non-NESTs on students' foreign language speaking anxiety (FLSA). Forty-eight undergraduate EFL students attending communication classes taught by (American) NESTs and (Turkish) Non-NESTs were given a questionnaire to examine their attitudes toward foreign language speaking anxiety (FLSA). Further, a sub-sample of students was interviewed to investigate their feelings, beliefs and opinions about the relationship between the FLSA they experienced and their communication classes given by NESTs and Non-NESTs. Similarly, the teachers were interviewed to examine their feelings about the FLSA their students experience in their communication classes. Quantitatively, the results showed no significant difference in attitude toward FLSA between the students who attended classes taught by NESTs and Non-NESTs, although a significant difference was observed between the two classes taught by Non-NESTs. Further, female and male students did not differ significantly in terms of attitudes toward FLSA in NESTs' and Non-NESTs' classes. The qualitative findings revealed that both teachers and students had positive attitudes toward mistakes made during the oral production of the foreign language (FL). Finally, the correction strategies employed by the teachers in the classroom are believed to have an impact on student attitudes toward FLSA.


Many people, particularly in developing countries, die from curable or manageable diseases without access to medicine. After the TRIPS Agreement was brought into force, access to medicine in developing countries became worse and even deteriorated development. To solve the controversy in interpreting the TRIPS Agreement and the resulting public health crises, the Doha Declaration was adopted, recognizing the flexibilities of the TRIPS Agreement as effective and vital manners to promote access to medicines. However, there are still many difficulties encountered by developing countries in full implementation of the Doha Declaration. Therefore, this paper aims to reexamine and reaffirm access to medicine as an international human right, claiming it should be accommodated under the WTO framework, and also proposes several possible solutions to advance the accessibility of medicine.


In metal matrix composites, matrix will be a metal or alloy and reinforcement will be ceramic particulate or whisker or fiber. Recently, the aluminium based composite material are gaining popularity due to their improved corrosion and mechanical properties. They get their application in the fields of aerospace, automobile and marine engineering. Aluminium 7075 and its composites are used in the above mentioned applications. Important components manufactured using aluminium 7075 series alloy are bicycle components, engine castings, turbine casing, camping knife and rifles1. Batluri Tilak Chandra[2]  et al., prepared aluminium 7075 composite materials reinforced with 2-8 weight percentage of Albite particulates by stir casting method. They subjected as cast alloy and composites for weight loss corrosion test in 3.5% sodium chloride solution. They also subjected heat treated alloy and composites for the same corrosion test in the same medium. They conclude that heat treated specimens exhibit improved corrosion resistance.


The camera of the RICH detector in the CBM experiment is forseen to consist of approximately 860 Hamamatsu H8500 multianode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs). A RICH prototype is currently being built. Knowing the MAPMT characteristics is crucial for understanding the expected detector performance. Gain homogeneity and spectral response in terms of quantum efficiency (QE), i.e. the number of generated electrons per incident photon, have been measured at Bergische Universität Wuppertal.


PURPOSE: A built-in antenna is provided to prevent a distortion of antenna characteristics and degradation of performance caused due to the body of a user, thereby remarkably improving speech performance. CONSTITUTION: A built-in antenna comprises a feeder portion(310) for supplying current to the antenna; a grounding portion(320) for grounding the antenna; and a first radiation portion(330) having a band shape with a predetermined width. The first radiation portion has an end connected to the feeder portion and the other end connected to the grounding portion. The first radiation portion is arranged along the edge of an upper surface of a dielectric support portion(390) for supporting the antenna, so as to form a loop shaped current path. The first radiation portion performs radiation for a low frequency band by using the current applied through the feeder portion.


We discuss the problem of routing messages on hypercubes which have faulty processors and/or communication links. We are motivated by the belief that simple algorithms, operating under simple assumptions, can ensure high probabilities of successful message routing. In this paper, we consider the basic problem of routing a single message from an arbitrary source to an arbitrary destination. In our study, a fault is assumed to render the processor or link non-functional for purposes of communicating messages. As such, we may also consider communications hot spots as node faults, and our results also apply to routing in congested hypercubes.
A framework for the analysis of fault tolerant routing schemes on a hypercube is presented. This framework includes differing routing schemes, routing information models and fault distribution models. The a priori probabilities of successful routing of a single, indivisible message under each of our possible sets of assumptions are calculated. Using random routing, under the one-step local information routing model, we show that the a priori probability of successful message routing is high even for an exceedingly large number of faults. We also analyze the behavior of sidetracking, a routing method which combines the concepts of local information and randomization. Using sidetracking, and in the one-step local information routing model, a message will be routed forward using random routing. If the message reaches a blocked processor (no non-faulty neighbors along a minimal path to the destination) it will be sent to a non-faulty neighbor, chosen uniformly at random from the set of non-faulty neighbors. We use simulation experiments to determine the performance of this routing scheme, analyzing the probability of successful routing and the expected path length of a routed message. The empirical performance of the sidetracking algorithms indicates strongly that, in the limit as the cube dimension grows larger and for a fixed probability of node failure, the probability of successful message routing is 100%.


Cooperative and distant learning is a new promising way of learning. Several reasons can justify this approach. From the economical point of view distant learning allows students to learn from their locations and lets the teacher share his interventions between them. From the pedagogical point of view a cooperative learning permits to put in practice a new dimension of learning thanks to groups in which each participant has a specific role to assume. The concept of micro-world learning environment is based on a simulated system which is controlled interactively by the student. We propose a new framework in which several students can work together either on the same micro-world or on several micro-words interconnected. We discuss this new organisation and show several examples of use.


The history of science may be approached from two points of view. It may be regarded purely as growth of knowledge of natural objects and phenomena along the corridors of time, or it may be viewed selectively according to its influence upon social and economic conditions. Knowledge becomes power only when it is used. To trace the development of any particular aspect of it in scientific fields is the work of the specialist, but it is not until discoveries and the inventions to which they lead can be recognised as transforming factors in civilisation that the historian of human society is much concerned with them.


To explore the effective way the local government stops the collusion with the land agent,based on the model of Rubinstein alternating offers and by the method from Selten non-cooperative game,this paper analyses the non-cooperative bargaining between the local government and the land agent with part perfect information.It finds that,facing the strict central government's regulation,the local government and the land agent can reach the non-cooperative bargain about regulation,whose game equilibrium rests with the capacity of bargaining each other,the probability of rational regulation of the local government,and the probability of prosecutions and the income of the land agent as well.We conclude that the non-cooperative bargaining between the local government and the land agent is good for reinforcing regulation.


The past 25 years have seen major changes in the public welfare programs and in the proportion of the national product devoted to them. These changes, and those that may occur in the years to come, were summarized by the author in an address given at the silver anniversary meeting of the American Public Welfare Association. The following article has been adapted from that paper. M R. Justice Holmes has said that " it is often more important to emphasize the obvious than to elucidate the obscure. " Taking my cue from the learned Justice I am going to emphasize the obvious today because, like so many things in life that are obvious to one group but not to another, facts about public welfare that are obvious to us as workers in public welfare may be less clear to some others. The role of public welfare programs one group in the constellation of social welfare programs-has undergone a tremendous change in the 25 years since the American Public Welfare Association was founded. This is the most obvious fact about public welfare financing. While expenditures under public aid programs (relief and assistance) in 1935 were equivalent to nearly 6 percent of our gross national product, today under the public assistance programs they are less than 1 percent. From 1935 to 1954, our gross national product increased 425 percent, while public aid expenditures declined by 32 percent. The decline in the costs of the public aid programs is attributable to the vastly improved economic conditions and employment opportunities and the increased importance of social and voluntary insurance protection. The rapid change taking place in our public and private programs often makes it difficult to view public l Director of the Division of Research and Statistics. OWce of the Commissioner. Beginning February 6, 1956. Mr. Cohen will be on the staff of the University of Mlchi-gan as Professor of Public Welfare Admln-istratlon. The article is adapted from an address delivered at the twenty-fifth annl-versary meeting of the American Public Welfare Association. assistance in perspective. If we define social welfare in a rather broad sense, as encompassing social insurance and related public programs, public assistance and other welfare services, public health and medical services, and veterans' programs, then expenditures under these programs totaled $18.1 billion last year. What is sometimes obscured from view is the fact that public welfare expenditures were equal to about …


This paper presents the study on identification and classification of food grains using different color models such as L*a*b, HSV, HSI and YCbCr by combining color and texture features without performing preprocessing. The K-NN and minimum distance classifier are used to identify and classify the different types of food grains using local and global features. Texture and color features are the important features used in the classification of different objects. The local features like Haralick features are computed from co-occurrence matrix as texture features and global features from cumulative histogram are computed along with color features. The experiment was carried out on different food grains classes. The non-uniformity of RGB color space is eliminated by L*a*b, HSV, HSI and YCbCr color space. The correct classification result achieved for different color models is quite good.


The human enteroviruses (HEV) are responsible for a large diversity of infections affecting humans.
Most infections are asymptomatic, but these viruses can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, including
severe cases involving the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify
human enteroviruses in natural circulation in children less than 15 years of age admitted at the
Mavalane General Hospital in Maputo City, Mozambique. In this study, 178 stool samples were
processed, obtained during November 2011 to February 2012. Samples were inoculated onto cell
culture and the isolates were identified as enterovirus by conventional RT-PCR in the 5' non-coding
region followed by partial VP1 sequence. Twenty-six (26) out of the 45 cell-culture positive samples
were constituted by Enterovirus (14.6% of the total 178 samples). EV-29 was the serotype most
prevalent. The results show the importance of maintaining the cell line Hep2C in the diagnosis and
Enterovirus circulating in the Maputo city, Mozambique.


Single phase Pb0.9Bi0.1Fe0.55Nb0.45O3 (PFN-BFO) multiferroic solid solution was synthesized through single step solid state reaction method using low temperature annealing technique. The crystal structure, microstructure, magnetic and dielectric properties of PFN-BFO solid solution were investigated at room temperature (RT). Sintered samples were then subjected to XRD analysis and it revealed the formation of single phase without any impurities. The structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld Refinement technique through the Full Prof suite. The RT Rietveld refined XRD pattern confirms the monoclinic structure with Cm space group and obtained cell parameters are a = 5.666(3)A, b = 5.667(4)A, c = 4.017(2)A and p = 89.943(4)°. The surface morphology of the sample was studied by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and average grain size was estimated to be ∼5μm. M-H curve shows the weak ferromagnetic kind of behaviour with antiferromagnetic ordering. Room temperature dielectric constant, loss tangent and impedance spectroscopic data were measured at different frequencies (100Hz - 5MHz). The impedance spectroscopy reveals the contribution from the grains towards the electrical parameters.


Studies of multiethnic families often assume the ethnic identification of children with the minority group results from the minority parent. This study examines an alternate view that mainstream parents also play an important role in transmitting minority ethnicity. It explores this argument using data from New Zealand on the ethnic labels mothers assign to their Maori-European children. It finds that European mothers are just as disposed as Maori mothers to designate their child as Maori, either exclusively or in combination. Two explanations, grounded in ethnic awareness and gendered inheritance, are proposed. Although neither satisfactorily predicts maternal designation decisions, the readiness of European mothers to identify their child as Maori underscores their role in diffusing Maori ethnicity.


This paper brings new insights into the extent to which the recent experience of countries in the periphery of the euro area has been driven by large adverse shocks, the policy response to them (the fiscal consolidation), and the interplay among the shocks and the policy response. The focus is on labor market mechanisms and the way these mechanisms kick in, depending on both the fiscal instrument used to consolidate the government budget and the aggregate state of the economy.


In clause known approaches to modelling mechanisms of the mixed financing the international projects in innovative sphere for a case when, besides means of the firms realizing projects, it is desirable to involve means of fund are considered


The reactions of singlet and triplet methylene have been studied with 14C and tritium tracers. Triplet methylene is intercepted by O2, and oxidized to CO or CO2. In the absence of O2, triplet methylene reacts with 2-butene, and the excited biradical can decompose to methyl plus butenyl. In saturated systems, triplet methylene is very long-lived and undergoes radical-radical reactions. Singlet methylene reacts with ethylene while still vibrationally excited. Singlet 14CH2 can undergo isotopic exchange with CO to form 14CO; 1(14CH2) can also react by abstraction of Cl or Br from methyl halide.


3023 Background: Potential mechanisms of action of lenalidomide and pomalidomide (CC-4047) include anti-angiogenic, anti- proliferative and immunomodulatory activities, e.g., enhancement of T cell and NK cell function. Both drugs appear to enhance T cell activation and Th1-type cytokines in cancer patients. Also, both drugs have been shown to enhance rituximab-mediated protection in a mouse lymphoma model. Methods: We have utilized an in vitro ADCC system to assess the ability of these drugs to enhance human NK cell function in response to the approved therapeutic antibodies trastuzumab, cetuximab and rituximab. Results: Pre-treatment of NK cells with either pomalidomide or lenalidomide greatly enhanced IFN-γ production by NK cells in response to IgG in the presence of either IL-2 or IL- 12. In a series of functional ADCC assays, Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer cells (SKBR3 & MCF-7) pre-coated with trastuzumab, EGFR positive colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) pre-coated with cetuximab and NHL cell li...


Focusing on identifying the impact of silos, this article addresses a gap in the literature in terms of the mediating role of collaboration between silo-busting techniques and the productivity and financial performance of Saudi firms. Through an investigation of multiple hypotheses tested via partial least-squares structural equation modelling, the relationship between silo-busting techniques and productivity and financial performance is tested in quantitative terms, thereby providing the first evidence for this relationship in the focal context. On the basis of this modelling approach, silo-busting techniques are shown to be a significant predictor of productivity and financial performance. Further, the results show that silo-busting techniques play an additional related role in shaping productivity and financial performance—that is, these techniques foster collaboration within a given firm. In fact, practicing silo-busting techniques can help improve firm performance. In relation to the present business environment, the results indicate that firms should make significant investments in all five silo-busting factors—values, leadership, collaborative environment, collaborative operating model and people reward and development—in order to improve collaboration results and, therefore, productivity and financial performance. However, particular emphasis should be placed on collaborative operating model and people reward and development as the only two factors shown to strongly support firm performance.


A thermoplastic elastomer composition powder, the spherical equivalent average particle diameter of at most 1.2mm, bulk density of at least 0.38, and comprising: (a) 100 parts by weight of a polyolefin resin; (b) hydrogenation of at least 70% hydrogenated conjugated diene copolymer 5-250 parts by weight, is obtained by reacting a conjugated diene / aromatic Hickey acetate polymer or compound unit content of at most 25% (wt) conjugated diene / vinyl aromatic compound hydrogenated random copolymers obtained; and (c) an ethylene · α- chain of 0-500 parts by weight of the olefinic copolymer rubber. Powder molding of the present compositions may provide appearance, flexing resistance and the like, and is not bent even when molded whitened.


The foundation of Abu ʿAbd Allah's movement was that which God Almighty had ordained concerning the victory of His friends' cause, the strengthening of His True Religion and the exaltation of His Word. Abu ʿAbd Allah al-Shiʿi was an Ismaʿili dāʿĪ and the architect of the Fatimid revolution in North Africa. Mobilizing support among the Kutama Berbers, he was able ultimately to overthrow the Aghlabid house and proclaim ʿAbd Allah as the Mahdi and first Fatimid imam in 909.1 Our primary source for Abu ʿAbd Allah's career is al-Qadi al-Nuʿman's Kitāb iftitāḥ al-daʿwa, completed in 957.2 As the official account of the Fatimid rise to power, it is an excellent source for understanding the ideology and propagands of the North African phase of the Fatimid daʿwa. Although the Iftitāḥ is not devoted explicitly to religious/theological questions in the manner of al-Qudi al-Nuʿ man's other writings, an attempt to establish the historical validity of the Fatimid claim to the imamate is implicit throughout the work.The Iftitah is a text of religious significance precisely because it is a historical account of God's action through His human agents to restore the original Islamic community of the Prophet and a righteous political order governed according to God's will, a theme not uncommon in medieval Islam and one to which we shall return later in our discussion. The Iftitah is thus a superb document for ascertaining the Fatimids' perceptions of themselves and how they wanted to appear to a literate audience. Marius Canard, Farhat Dachraoui, and Tilman Nagel have discussed these subjects thoroughly in several works dealing with the Fatimids' North African propaganda.3 My intent here is not to discuss the specific vocabulary of Abu cAbd Allah's daFwa anew, but rather the environment which Abu cAbd Allah proclaimed his "summons to the truth," an environment which enabled him, both by accident and by design, to pattern his career after that of the Prophet.


The existence of two distinctly different combustion regimes are shown by the extinction limit. The effective Karlovitz number KaS was proposed to predict extinction. Using measured data, coming from the counterflow laminar flames, the laminar flame thickness and burning velocity were assessed. This flame thickness is much larger than the Zel'dovich characteristic length. Four different calculation methods of extinction Karlovitz number were presented. At the state of extinction of laminar flame, the effective Karlovitz number ranged around unity. On the other hand, in the opposed jet burner, impinging jets produce a strong tufbulence with small scale. In this burner, a stable annular turbulent flame is established at the stretch rate of 20 times greater than that of the laminar flame extinction. Although the distributed reaction zone is produced by extremely small scale eddies compared to the laminar flame thickness, there remains unclear how the transition occurs from the wrinkled laminar flame to the distributed reaction zone. In the present paper, a new model that includes the real flame property was suggested.


Monocultures – including oil palm – are known to induce strong parasitic pressure. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera are the main insect pests affecting oil palms in all continents where it is cultivated. This chapter offers an overview of the major types of oil palm pests (23 species) that have been selected from among the most damaging groups in Latin America, West Africa, South East Asia and the Pacific as examples for illustrating the relationships found between the oil palm and herbivorous arthropods, before looking ahead to future research trends in the study of oil palm pests.


Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour has signed into law S.B. 2445, which reauthorizes the state?s Pharmacy Practice Act and requires pharmacy benefit managers to be subject to oversight by the Mississippi Board of Pharmacy.


The uneven electromagnetic force inside the motor is the main cause of the vibration and acoustic noise of the PMSM (PMSM).To study the problem of increased vibration and acoustic noise caused by variations in the radial electromagnetic force density caused by a partial demagnetization fault of a PMSM, the finite element method (FEM) is used to study the radial flux density and radial electromagnetic force waves on the stator surface of a 4-pole 24-slot embedded PMSM. The changes of electromagnetic force waveform and harmonic order are analyzed when PMSM is partially demagnetized. The measurement results show that the fundamental wave amplitude of radial electromagnetic force on the stator surface increases, and fractional harmonics appear, with the increase of demagnetization grade.


Traditional survival curves cannot easily be used to predict outcome for an individual patient on a year‐to‐year basis. This difficulty is partly overcome by yearly mortality analysis. This method was employed to analyse long‐term follow‐up of three cancers: colorectal, ovarian and breast cancer.


The main step of some system design is the optimization strategy that minimizes of the objective function and determines the optimum values of all system's elements. The evaluation of the operations number for different strategies gives the possibility to select the optimum or quasi-optimum strategy that is needed of the minimum computer time. From the optimization theory point of view the traditional design strategy can be determined as an optimization of some objective function with constraints. The model of the system is the constraints in that case. From the other hand it is possible to use the general design strategy or control theory for the system design. The evaluation of operations number for the system design has been done for general design strategy. More general methodology for the system and circuit design was elaborated by means of optimum control theory formulation. By this theory the problem of the system design can be formulated as the classical problem of the optimal control for the minimum time. In that context the aim of optimal control is to result each right hand side of the main system of the differential equations dxi / dt = f i ( x1,x2,...,xN,u1,u2,...,uM) to zero for the final time tfin and minimize the total computer time T. These equations include the special control functions u1,u2,...,uM that are introduced into consideration artificially to generalize the total design process. Optimum dependencies of these control functions uj give us the minimum computer design time. This approach generalizes the design process and generates infinite number of the different design strategies. The problem of the optimal behavior definition of the control functions uj can be solved adequately by means of the special optimization procedure or by means of Pontryagin's maximum principle. The analysis of different types of electronic systems shows that the optimal strategy can be fined by control theory formulation and maximum principle. In that case it is possible to reduce the total operations number to many times and accelerate the design process.


The invention discloses an infusion safety control device. The infusion safety control device comprises an infusion time control device, an infusion alarm device, and an infusion heating device. The invention aims at providing an infusion safety control device which is novel and reasonable in structure, convenient and fast to use, safe and reliable, and capable of effectively preventing infusion medical accidents from occurring and reducing nursing work difficulty. The infusion safety control device has important clinical significance. A time-controlled infusion technology is adopted to conduct settings for five minutes before infusion liquids are all dropped, so that a nurse can timely go to a ward to draw back a needle. A time control circuit and a display circuit in the infusion time control device are connected with the infusion alarm device through a change over switch, and when power of the time control circuit and the display circuit is cut off, automatic alarm is triggered, and a sound-light alarm effect is achieved. Negative effects that a small amount of air enters blood vessels, blood returns and cruor blocks a needle head due to the fact that the needle is not drawn back timely are avoided. The technical scheme that the infusion heating device is arranged aims at avoiding the phenomenon that a patient feels uncomfortable due to the infusion at a low temperature. An infusion temperature which meets human body blood circulation is reached. The infusion safety control device is widely used in the infusion clinical applications in hospitals and nursing homes.


In this paper, efforts on the ultrasonic measurements of material stiffness properties of fiber reinforced composites such as graphite-epoxy and glass-epoxy employing inverse methods based on Genetic Algorithms using noise-free oblique incidence data will be discussed. Phase velocity data as a function of the angle of refraction in non-symmetry planes for orthotropic uni-directional composite laminates were used as the input to the genetic algorithm. Optimal parameters were chosen from the sensitivity analysis of the stiffness constants using a direct approach. The inversion using this novel technique was extremely promising in computing the material properties from the ultrasonic phase velocity data. Advantages and disadvantages of such genetic search methods over conventional stiffness reconstruction techniques are also discussed.


Henry James believes that th e reality of life is in the human mind, thinking the consciousness and morality of the individual are closely related with each other. James sorts out the diversity of life with a variety of aspects and the free development of the individual self without depriving the opportunities of personal life as Good and the narrow viewpoint, power, authoritative figure and intervention to prevent the self-development as Evil. His moral concept which he puts an emphasis on and the stream of consciousness comes out well in two works, The portrait of a Lady and Washington Square. In addition, confrontation between Good and Evil, how the romantic nature of two heroines crushed against the real world in to failure and frustration and their developments of consciousness interestingly have in common. Isabel and Catherine have the structural similarity found in the confrontation with the figures who would willingly participate in their lives, which is reminiscent of James' concept on Good and Evil. It is possible to find out James' delicate consciousness change of women as a writer of psychological realism and moralism and their sound morality through confrontation between Good and Evil, Reality and Ideal in The Portrait of a Lady and Washington Square.


The Preferred Items and Experiences Questionnaire (PIEQ) is a new instrument to assess reinforcer preferences in adolescents and adults. Research was conducted with college and high school students to develop the PIEQ, to examine its reliability with test-retest and internal consistency methods, and to test its validity. This research provides support for the PIEQ's reliability and validity.


In carrying out daily activities, without realizing it, energy is wasted. Various new renewable energy innovations are implemented to convert wasted energy into alternative energy sources to meet electrical energy needs, including harvesting energy from wasted kinetic energy when children are playing on the slides. This study aims to design and implement an electrical energy harvesting system from the park slides, which is designed by putting a generator, gears, flywheels and mechanical components at the end of the slides. From the experiment, when the rotational speed of the DC generator reached 503 RPM, the system produced a current of 0.98 Ampere, a voltage of 15.98 Volts and a power of 15.66 Watts. The flywheel is used as a mechanical time delay so that the generator can rotate longer. It is shown that the DC generator was able to maintain a rotational speed of 526 RPM for 4 seconds compared to 2 seconds when not using the flywheel.


A photovoltaic-thermal system is a combination of photovoltaic panel (PV) and a thermal collector for co-generation of heat and electricity. In present work wa have combined (PVT) system with thermoelectric generator.
We have placed thermoelectric generators through the hot water path to decrease the hot water temperature for domestic usages and power generation of water heat. We realized that photovoltaic-thermal and thermoelectric efficiency decreases with increasing of water rate, power generation of solar cell and thermoelectric generator increases with increasing of heat exchanger efficiency, fin behind the absorber plate and heat exchanger in the water storage increase the PV efficiency and we can set outlet water temperature with changing the number of thermoelectric generators.


The forming and development of the two hotspots of inorganic compound chemistry-hard chemistry and soft chemistry are analyzed.Several methods of each category are described.And finally the two ways are compared.


Master teachers are the exemplary models of the Indonesian teaching profession. Their main role is to assist the government in effectively attending to the needs of the global workforce that demands young and skilled human capital. In the process, they are expected to demonstrate effective pedagogical practices. This study examines the teaching and classroom management strategies of Indonesian vocational English master teachers and the effects on the students. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved three selected master teachers. Data were collected through 18 sessions of observations, 45 hours of video-recordings, and interviews with 34 students. The results demonstrated that, in terms of teaching strategies, the master teachers used a wide variety of teaching techniques, focused on speaking skills, and combined various teaching sources and aids. In terms of classroom management strategies, they facilitated group work, organised seating arrangement in a traditional way, and emphasised classroom discipline. The strategies used by the MTs were also positively perceived by the students as they had a better understanding of the lesson, an enjoyable learning experience, improved their speaking skills, shared knowledge with their friends, and enjoyed better mutual respect. The findings of this study can be used by stakeholders as a platform to enhance learning of English language in the vocational context in Indonesia. Keywords: master teachers; teaching strategies; classroom management strategies; English classrooms; Indonesian vocational schools DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2016-2203-07


A couple of years back, the formation of the product and equipment picture preparing frameworks was basically constrained to the improvement of the UI, which a large portion of the software engineers of each firm were occupied with. The circumstance has been essentially changed with the appearance of the Windows working framework when most of the engineers changed to taking care of the issues of picture preparing itself. Be that as it may, this has not yet prompted the cardinal advancement in explaining normal errands of perceiving faces, vehicle numbers, street signs, investigating remote and clinical pictures, and so on. Each of these "everlasting" issues is explained by experimentation by the endeavors of various gatherings of the designers and researchers. As present day specialized arrangements are end up being unnecessarily costly, the errand of computerizing the production of the product devices for tackling scholarly issues is detailed and seriously illuminated abroad. In the field of picture preparing, the necessary toolbox ought to be supporting the examination and acknowledgment of pictures of already obscure substance and guarantee the viable advancement of utilizations by common developers.Similarly as the Windows toolbox bolsters the production of interfaces for taking care of different applied issues. Basically, finding an item in progressive casings of a video is called following. The definition sounds straight forward however in PC vision and AI, following is an expansive term that incorporates theoretically comparable yet in fact various thoughts. For instance, all the accompanying distinctive however related thoughts are commonly concentrated under item following. In this paper we are following articles in video and distinguishing name of item utilizing open cv.to actualize this idea here we are utilizing thick optical stream, meager optical stream, kalman sifting, mean shift and cam move calculations.


Professional nursing services is an integral part of health care that is based on nursing science. Productivity as nursing output unit can be seen and measured through indicators of the quality of nursing care. The organization must know the motivation of employees to be able to raise the spirit and the work that can increase work productivity. This study aims to identify factors associated with work productivity nurse at the unit care General Hospital Koja, Jakarta. Using quantitative research design with cross sectional descriptive analytic. The dependent variable is labor productivity of nurses in the Unit care General Hospital Koja, Jakarta, while the independent variables are individual characteristics (age, sex, education, marital, employment and work period), extrinsic factors (Reward, working conditions, supervisions, human relations, and the hospital policy) and intrinsic factors (the responsibility and self-development). The respondents are all nurses in care unit of General Hospital Koja, Jakarta totaling 116 persons. Research result showed nurses have low productivity by 68 persons (58.6%), based on the statistical test showed statistical p value ≤ 0.05, there is a relationship between  productivity nurse by age (0.014), education (0.006), reward (0.018), supervision (0.027), the hospital policy  (0.047), Responsibility (0.046), self-development (0.036). The hospital needs to improve incentives, improve management and provide the opportunity to develop skills through education or training nursing care


This article discusses ways in which non-lexical utterances are linked in ancient Greek music to the representation of musical phrases. It first considers the possible use of 'vocables' in ancient Greek, i.e. vocal utterances lacking lexical content which may be substituted for the rhythms of a song for the purpose of the instruction or transmission of music. A system of vocables (distinct from solmization) outlined by Aristides Quintilianus is investigated to see if it can be shown to be related to principles of vowel pitch modification, whereby phonetically 'high' vowels tend to be enunciated at a higher pitch than 'low' ones. Since such variances could be heard in the context of microtonal music as creating wholly different musical notes, the Orestes papyrus is examined in detail to see if the enharmonic musical setting is affected in any way by principles of vowel pitch modification, with the conclusion that it is.


MIXING GREASE FOR INFANT NUTRITION AND ADULTS, consisting essentially of a mixture of phospholipids BRAIN pets, with at least one vegetable oil and / or at least one animal fat, and / or with at least a fish oil, AND / OR MEDIUM CHAIN tRIGLYCERIDES OBTAINED BY REFINING OF VEGETABLE OILS IN WHICH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FATTY ACIDS Oleic / linoleic / alpha-linolenic acid, BETWEEN FATTY ARACHIDONIC / docosahexaenoic, and its phospholipid content, approach the PRESENT IN HUMAN MILK AND THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET.


Lead‐free halide double perovskites (HDPs) are promising candidates for high‐performance solar cells because of their environmentally‐friendly property and chemical stability in air. The power conversion efficiency of HDPs‐based solar cells needs to be further improved before their commercialization in the market. It requires a thoughtful understanding of the correlation between their specific structure and property. Here, the structural and optical properties of an important HDP‐based (NH4)2SeBr6 are investigated under high pressure. A dramatic piezochromism is found with the increase in pressure. Optical absorption spectra reveal the pressure‐induced red‐shift in bandgap with two distinct anomalies at 6.57 and 11.18 GPa, and the energy tunability reaches 360 meV within 20.02 GPa. Combined with structural characterizations, Raman and infrared spectra, and theoretical calculations using density functional theory, results reveal that, the first anomaly is caused by the formation of a Br‐Br bond among the [SeBr6]2− octahedra, and the latter is attributed to a cubic‐to‐tetragonal phase transition. These results provide a clear correlation between the chemical bonding and optical properties of (NH4)2SeBr6. It is believed that the proposed strategy paves the way to optimize the optoelectronic properties of HDPs and further stimulate the development of next‐generation clear energy based on HDPs solar cells.


Aim:  Surface‐displayed heterologous antigens on Bacillus subtilis spores can induce the vertebrate animals tested to generate local and systematic immune response through oral immunization. Here, the protection potential of the recombinant spores displaying the VP28 protein of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was investigated in the invertebrate crayfish (Cambarus clarkii).


Abstract An investigation of an Ag/Ag+ REFERENCE electrode in ethanolic solution is reported. Simple preparation, fast response and high exchange current density characterize this REFERENCE electrode. A method of ethanol purification for electrochemical purposes is also presented.


ELECTRIC FIELD INDUCED STABILITY MODIFICATIONS IN PRE-MIXED HYDROCARBON FLAMES By: David L. Wisman II This work focuses upon the effects of electric fields on the stability of pre-mixed hydrocarbon flames fueled by methane, propane and butane. For all fuels studied, over varying flow rates and equivalence ratios, electric-field-induced modification of the flame front stability over wide ranges has been observed and documented. Specifically, the electric pressure effect has been used to force pre-mixed hydrocarbon/air flame fronts to transition from flow-induced hydrodynamic-instability-dominated behavior, to fieldstabilized laminar flow, and finally to field-induced thermal-diffusive-instabilitydominated turbulent flame fronts. The effects are best described from a combustion dynamics viewpoint as a continuously variable electric-field-induced diminution of the flame Lewis number from typical values (> 1), past the flame critical Lewis number (0.60.9), to thermal-diffusive-instability dominated values below the critical Lewis number at higher applied potentials. A possible field-driven ion chemistry process that could produce those effects is the dissociative recombination of the flame ion (H30) at the burner surface. ELECTRIC FIELD INDUCED STABILITY MODIFICATIONS IN PRE-MIXED HYDROCARBON FLAMES


Aiming at incommodity of extent hearing aid in the market, a new design of hearing aid is brought forward in this paper. First, the system construction is discussed, the difference between which and other hearing aids is it uses FPGA for voice processing. Second, the application of FPGA and embedded soft core Nios II is described, how to utilize SOPC builder explore Nios II embedded processor and what's the benefit. DSP algorithm is also implemented in FPGA chip by Verilog HDL and because of strong ability of parallel processing the system based on FPGA runs faster than DSP chip does in signal processing. Third, the practicability of this device is explained through comparing with other hearing aids. The table shows the design has fine market respect because of its small size, cheap price and preferable operating performance.


This work presents an empirical study with listeners on the sonic aspects of melody, which is here considered as one of the fundamental elements of music. Starting from a bibliographical research, this work aimed to define which aspects compound and are common to any melodic event and, thus, to find out their relationship with its perceptual aspects. For that, Gestalt theory was here taken as a possible form to understand the automatic perceptual processing of melodic aspects. In this work an experiment was conducted, with the participation of 40 volunteers, that aimed to pinpoint some aspects of the correlation between melody, music perception and music cognition.


We investigate the effects of macroeconomic announcements on the realized correlation between bond and stock returns. Our results deliver insights into the dominating drivers of bond-stock comovements. We find that it is not so much the surprise component of the announcement, but the mere fact that an announcement occurs that influences the realized bond-stock correlation. The impact of macroeconomic announcements varies across the business cycle. Announcement effects are highly dependent on the sign of the realized bond-stock correlation which has recently gone from positive to negative. Macroeconomic announcement effects on realized bond and stock volatilities are also investigated.


Absctssss : days after admission to hospital. Ordinates. upper graphs: ..Vol. .. , volume of urine per day in litres ; "Sp. gr.", specific gravity of urine, 1·0 followed by figures of ordinate; "Cl.", output of chloride in urine per day in grammes. Ordinates, lower graphs: "Total N", output of total nitrogen in urine per day, reading of ordinate x 10 = grammes; "17-K", output of 17-ketosteroids in urine per day, reading of ordinate x 10 = milligrammes; "Pr.", output of protein in urine per day In grammes. 3


The relationship between the direct-maternal genetic (co)variance σam and sire by year (SY) interactions for weaning weight in Merino sheep was examined through simulation and real data analyses. Weaning weight was simulated using models containing interaction and σam = 0 (S1), interaction and σam  0 (S3), and without interaction and σam < 0 (S4). When S1 data were analysed ignoring interaction, a negative (co)variance was observed and direct and maternal variances were inflated. Analysis of S2 data ignoring σam resulted in deflated direct and maternal variances, inflated residual and interaction variances, and no change for the permanent environmental component. Ignoring the interaction effect in S3 data resulted again in a negative (co)variance component and highly biased genetic parameters. On application to weaning weight of Merino sheep, the model ignoring SY resulted in a direct-maternal genetic correlation of –0.43. The model using both (co)variance and interaction effects fit the data better (P < 0.001). The interaction variance represented 9.2% of the phenotypic variance but explained 86% of the (co)variance between direct and maternal genetic effects estimated ignoring SY. A small (–0.096) but still negative estimate of the genetic correlation was obtained. The implication of these findings in the context of Central Test Sire Evaluation and Maternal Sire Central Progeny Test Schemes is discussed.


We report a highly efficient dopant-matrix afterglow system enabled by TADF mechanism to realize afterglow quantum yields of 60-70%, which features a moderate rate constant for reverse intersystem crossing ( k RISC ) to simultaneously improve afterglow quantum yields and maintain afterglow emission lifetime. Difluoroboron β-diketonate (BF 2 bdk) compounds are designed with multiple electron-donating groups to possess moderate k RISC values and are selected as luminescent dopants. The matrices with carbonyl functional groups such as phenyl benzoate (PhB) have been found to interact with and perturb BF 2 bdk excited states by dipole-dipole interactions and thus enhance the intersystem crossing of BF 2 bdk excited states. Through dopant-matrix collaboration, the efficient TADF-type afterglow materials have been achieved to exhibit excellent processability into desired shapes and large-area films by melt casting, as well as aqueous afterglow dispersions for potential bioimaging applications.


* Preface * PART ONE: THE HOW-TO-DO-IT MANUAL OF ELECTRONIC RESERVE * Chapter 1. Introduction to Electronic Reserve Services * Chapter 2. Getting Started * Strategic Planning * Staffing * Electronic Reserve System * Policies * Faculty * Training * Publicity * Assessment * Chapter 3. Ongoing Processes * Workflow * Permissions * Agents * PART TWO: COPYRIGHT ISSUES IN ELECTRONIC RESERVE * Chapter 4. An Overview of Copyright and Fair Use * A Very Brief History of Copyright Law * Determining Copyright Protection * Works in Public Domain * The Fair Use Doctrine * TEACH Act * Chapter 5. Fair Use for Electronic Reserve * Guidelines and Policy Statements * ALA Model Policy * CONFU * Other Guidelines * Fair Use in the Electronic Age * Current Practices * Licensing Projects * Chapter 6. Frequently Asked Questions * From Students * From Faculty * Appendix. Sample Policies, Forms, and Checklists * References and Resources * Glossary * Index


Abstract Electrical contacts are essential in many applications including modern transportation means such as airplanes, trains and automobiles as well as in everyday electronic portable devices. The mechanical components that form the electrical contact in these applications are always subjected to vibrations and micrometre displacements during use. These vibrations may lead to aggressive fretting wear, which in turn affects their durability. Most of the electrical connectors are coated with gold, thanks to the excellent electrical conductivity. One major drawback of using gold coating is its poor wear resistance. In order to improve the lifespan of such connectors, lubricating greases are considered to be a good choice. In this study, di-electric greases were tested to study their influence on improving the lifespan of automotive electrical connectors. The fretting behaviour was studied using a high frequency fretting tester and a high precision microtribometer. The electrical contacts were tested directly in their original design (male–female coupling) under small amplitude vibrations at a high frequency of 50 Hz. It is shown that dielectric greases do improve the electrical performance of the gold connectors by at least 25 times. The improvement is due to a reduction in wear loss and good isolation of the contact from ambient conditions thus preventing oxidation and third body abrasion. The usage of grease did not significantly affect the frictional aspect of the contact. Greases that hinder slip between the vibrating contacts were beneficial for the endurance of the connector assembly. Results indicate that simulation of electrical contacts by classical cross-cylinder configuration could yield different results from real insertion simulations thus challenging its credibility.


The paper examines some selected Norwegian dictionaries from the perspective of descriptivity and prescriptivity. The main conclusion is that the element of prescriptivity in the dictionaries is larger than what is openly signalled to the users. In the case of one-volume standard dictionaries, prescriptitvity also extends outside the domains of spelling and inflection, although these are the only domains that are officially regulated. It is argued that a revision of these standard dictionaries should encompass a reevaluation of their prescriptive profile. The fact that dictionaries contain elements of prescriptivity is neither unexcpected nor a problem in principle. However, prescriptive statements as a principle should not remain hidden or implicit. To the extent that they do so, this can easily be interpreted as misleading the users rather than guiding or enlightening them.


This paper describes a method for dynamically generating and modifying a mission plan, sometimes referred to as a Course of Action (COA), in real-time, during mission execution. This process is called the Method for Self-Healing Course of Action (COA) Revision (SCOAR). A key contribution of SCOAR is that of revising a COA without having to generate the COA from scratch.


Is the Westphalian logic of national sovereignty old-fashioned? In this book, I aim to examine its demise by way of explaining the limits of political power in a globalized world, without the utopian idealism found in many academic treatments of international law. I believe that obituaries of the classical theory of nation-state have been written too soon: the demise of the Westphalian concept has been premature and a ''responsible sovereignty''—incorporating the developing international law of crimes against humanity—is a better way to account for the extent to which nations today accept (or at least pay lip service to accepting) the imperative of complying with human rights norms. It is also a better way to hold them to their humanitarian promises. Political theory has not caught up with the developments that over the past decade have surprised and even astounded Westphalian traditionalists as they hear the daily news: General Pinochet arrested in London; Milošević on trial; Charles Taylor sentenced to lengthy imprisonment; indictments from an International Criminal Court (ICC) against Colonel Gaddafi and charges against the former Ivorian president Laurent Gbagbo; President Ben Ali of Tunisia convicted in absentia and President Mubarak of Egypt convicted in person. The question has now become: can heads of state keep their heads? The ''Arab Spring'' which not long ago would have been a few local insurgencies crushed by state violence, now garners international support, with the events in the region widely viewed as popular campaigns against tyranny. Domestic laws in many parts of the world are trumped by International Court rulings or over-ruled when they conflict with international treaties, while even national security policies must take into consideration regional security arrangements, international actions against terrorism, multilateral actions against piracy, international efforts to combat global warming, and multilateral efforts to stop human trafficking and other transnational crimes. No longer can a state act exclusively, on the advice of Machiavelli or Dr. Kissinger, in what its government conceives to be its national interests: there are global conventions and constraints to be considered. Once upon a not-very-long time ago, students of political theory and international affairs were taught the three verities of the nation state: territorial


Provided is a vision sensor based on an event and a difference amplifier with reduced noise and offset. The difference amplifier according to an embodiment can form a current path between the source node and the drain node of a corresponding transistor, by connecting the body node and the source node of the transistor of a switch resetting an amplifier to the output terminal of the amplifier. So, the process efficiency of a back-end application processor can be improved.


IN the United States leptospirosis is widely distributed in the animal population, which serves as a direct or indirect source of infection for man. Leptospirosis is a major disease problem in cattle and swine. It is also found in dogs, but occurrence in other domestic animals is infrequent. There is evidence of widespread infection in the wild-animal population. According to Roth,1 17 leptospiral serotypes and subserotypes have been isolated from 22 species of wild animals. Recently, leptospires were isolated from a frog in Iowa.2 Of the 22 pathogenic serotypes or subserotypes reported in the continental United States, cultural or serologic . . .


Time Interval Estimation: Internal Clock or Attentional Mechanism? Niels Taatgen 1,2 (email@example.com), John Anderson 1 (email@example.com), Daniel Dickison 1 (email@example.com) and Hedderik van Rijn 2 (email@example.com) Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Psychology, 5000 Forbes Av. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA University of Groningen, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1 NL-9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands Abstract reproduced interval. On the other hand, if they have to do a demanding task during the reproduction of the interval, their cognitive counting is slower resulting in a longer interval. The human ability to accurately estimate time intervals in the order of 0 to 20 seconds can be explained by two seemingly incompatible theories: the internal clock and the attentional counter theory. Based on a dual timing task experiment we conclude that a symbiosis of both theories is necessary to explain all the phenomena found in our experiment and in the experiments we review. This conclusion is supported by the computational models we present of the experiments. Interval Estimation The human ability to routinely estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday life. Time estimates play a role in situations where we take an action and expect some response, for example when we click on a link in a web-browser, in real-world decisions, for example judging whether we should brake for a yellow traffic light or not, and in multi-tasking situations where we have to strategically switch between tasks, for example using a mobile phone in a car. There are at least two theories that address interval estimation, the attentional counter theory and the internal clock theory. The attentional counter theory (Hick et al, 1977; Thomas & Weaver, 1975) assumes that there is a cognitive timer that counts subjective time events. Increasing the counter is a process that requires attention. As a consequence, if there are other processes competing for attention, the counter is increased less often, "stretching" time. For example, in an experiment by Zakay (1993), participants had to estimate a 12 second interval. In one condition, they had to estimate the interval while doing a secondary task, and had to reproduce it while doing nothing else. In the other condition, they had to estimate the interval while doing nothing else, but had to reproduce it while doing a secondary task. The secondary tasks were, in increasing level of complexity: - No secondary task (ET, empty time) - Reading color words (printed in black) (W) - The Stroop task: Naming the color names of color words printed in incongruent ink (CW) - Color-word associations: like the Stroop task, but now participants had to name a word associated with the ink color (CWA) Figure 1 shows the results of this experiment. In the relatively easy ET and W conditions there is no effect of the secondary task, but in the more demanding CW and CWA tasks, time estimates are affected. According to the attentional counter theory, when the participants have to do a demanding secondary task during presentation of an interval, they can devote less attention to keeping track of time, resulting in a lower cognitive count and a shorter Figure 1: Results of Zakay's (1993) experiment. The internal clock theory (i.e., Matell & Meck, 2000) states that the brain has devoted several areas that implement a time estimation system. The general idea is that certain stimuli can synchronize neurons in a certain area of the cortex, effectively acting as a starting sign. As each of the neurons produces its own particular pattern of activation over time, each interval is associated with a unique pattern of activation. These patterns can then be read out by other brain areas in the basal ganglia. Contrary to the attentional counter theory, the timing system does not require any attention, and errors in time estimation are mainly due to noise. In a typical interval timing experiment (Rakitin et al, 1998) participants were presented with intervals of 8, 12 and 21 seconds, which they then had to reproduce. Figure 2 shows the results of this experiment in terms of the distributions of the responses. Although the variance increases for larger intervals, the peaks of each of the distributions are exactly at the duration of the interval that the participants had to estimate. An important difference between the Zakay (1993) and Rakitin et al. (1998) experiments is that in the Zakay experiment each participant produced exactly one time interval, while in the Rakitin et al. experiment they produced 80 intervals with feedback on the true duration every few trials. Although in the Rakitin task there is a secondary task to prevent participants from counting, this task is always the same and doesn't produce the distortions in time perception in the Zakay experiment. When just looking at these two experiments, the attentional counter theory is consistent with both, but the internal clock theory only with the Rakitin experiment. On the other hand, many


Image quality metrics is an important aspect in image processing of ladar. Range images of coherent ladar denoised by median filter are evaluated by structural similarity (SSIM) index and root mean square error (RMSE) in this paper. The performances of the metrics are compared, and whether real range values are kept or not in restored images should be paid more attention to. The results show that the quality metrics, RMSE, and error of target mean should be synthetically considered in evaluating range images. When RMSE of range images are not significantly different, keeping real range values should be considered first.


Smallholder farmers in many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are limited by farm power shortages. One way of reducing the constraint, and also the negative impacts of conventional tillage (with hoe and plow), is to practice conservation agriculture (CA) which uses no-till techniques to establish crops. CA can be practiced on small areas with rudimentary tools (a pointed stick to plant) and manual weed control methods. But to expand the area cropped, some mechanization is needed. The necessary equipment can include draft animal powered (DAP) rippers, sprayers, and no till (NT) planters, and maybe knife rollers along with manual jab planters and herbicide applicators.


This paper addresses the influence of a mechanistic world view of East-West relations. The "classic" model of mechanism orders reality into a relationship akin to a simple clock or pump. In the model, discrete and unmodifiable parts, with no natural functional relationship to each other, are balanced and engineered into functional unity. This study shows how "environmental" conditions at the international level (ambiguity, complexity, and prolonged conflict) limit the ability of policy makers to define objective limits to containment, influencing them instead to follow the universal application of the "logic" of mechanism--that any imbalance must be checked by the container.


As an important sludge treatment method,chemical treatment has been used widely in practice,which,if it can get achievement,mainly depends on how to get best dosage.The technique of fluctuation of transmitted light detected can solve the problem for the merits of few detected parameters and high sensitivity.The comparison experiment of the technique and the method of CST has showed that the detected value R and CST value will change with the coagulant dosage,and the detected value will arrive at max point and CST value will arrive at min point after sixty seconds,indicting 60 s is the best mix time.So the technique can be used as a rapid and simply on-line detected method of sludge dehydration and dehydration performance.


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Interparticle interactions of the soluble asphaltenes in partially deasphalted heavy oils in toluene−heptane (heptol) mixtures are compared to those of several heavy oils diluted in toluene only. Viscosity−volume fraction (η−Φ) relationships for the heavy oils and bitumen in toluene were almost identical. However, the asphaltenes in toluene associated and scaled differently from its source oil. Four classical viscosity models were used to describe the data, and scaling was interpreted on the basis of asphaltenes association, as in macromolecular interactions. The Pal−Rhodes model showed deviation from sphericity with solvation constants for heavy oils in toluene and C-5 asphaltenes in toluene, at 1.4−1.6 and 3.7, respectively. The Krieger−Dougherty (K−H) model indicated high interparticle interaction factors, and maximum packing factors of ∼1 suggested polydispersity. Neither models fit the data for deasphalted oils. The Leighton−Acrivos model showed that (i) the maximum packing fraction (Φmax) for all oi...


A 15-year-old Caucasian female was evaluated by the primary care physician for hypertension. Chest X-ray showed an absence of the 12th rib on the left side (Figure 1). A computed tomography scan performed at an outside facility reported a cystic lesion in her spleen, a lytic lesion of her 12th rib, and a possible para vertebral mass (Figure 2). She had no specific complaints or subjective symptoms and denied headache, fever, flushing, night sweats, palpitation, cough, diarrhea loss of appetite, or weight loss. Review of systems was otherwise negative. Differential diagnosis to explain the hypertension and the mass included paraganglioma or extra-adrenal pheomochromocytoma with hypertension, osteogenic/Ewing's sarcoma, or a functional neuroendocrine tumor. She was transferred to the pediatric oncology service. Her past medical history and review of systems were noncontributory. Family history was significant for father in his 30s with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Her paternal grandfather had pancreatic cancer at 52 years of age. Her mother and 3 siblings had no significant medical history. Social history showed an active role in sports and good school performance. Vital signs on exam were as follows: temperature 97.5°F, pulse 78 beats/min, blood pressure 145/78 mm Hg, weight 69 kg, and height 158 cm. Physical exam showed a mildly obese, alert, and active girl in no acute distress. Systemic exam was within normal limits. Pertinent laboratory values included normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate 6 (normal = 0-20 mm/h), alkaline phosphatase 136 (normal = 74-390 U/L), C-reactive proteiv <0.5 (normal = 01-8.2), lactate dehydrogenase 196 (normal = 110-260 mg/dL), and uric acid 2.0 (normal = 2.4-5.7 mg/dL) levels. A lipid panel showed elevated serum triglycerides 412 (normal = 30-150 mg/dL), elevated low-density lipoprotein >400 (normal = 68-110), low high-density lipoprotein 34 (normal = 40-75 mg/dL), and a borderline high serum cholesterol 177 (normal = 120-199 mg/dL). She had an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone 6.48 (normal = 0.4-5.0 uIU/mL), but normal Free T4 0.84 (normal = 0.71-1.51 ng/dL). Review of the computed tomography scan showed an expansile lytic lesion of the left 12th rib. Magnetic resonance imaging at our facility confirmed an expansile rib lesion with signal characteristic of a telangiectatic osteosarcoma, atypical aneurysmal bone cyst, or an osteoblastoma. The bone lesion showed mass effect on the surrounding soft tissues including the diaphragm and paraspinous musculature.


Recently, a new version of the iVector modelling has been proposed for noise robust speaker recognition, where the nonlinear function that relates clean and noisy cepstral coefficients is approximated by a first order vector Taylor series (VTS). In this paper, it is proposed to substitute the first order VTS by an unscented transform, where unlike VTS, the nonlinear function is not applied over the clean model parameters directly, but over a set of sampled points. The resulting points in the transformed space are then used to calculate the model parameters. For very low signal-to-noise ratio improvements in equal error rate of about 7% for a clean backend and of 14.50% for a multistyle backend are obtained.


A construction project is a multi-disciplinary team effort combining inputs from various domains, for which interoperability is of great importance. Currently existing data exchange problems between different software applications is adversely impacting the overall productivity of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. The use of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) has been proposed to help address the lack of interoperability throughout construction industry. But the IFC specification itself is too complicated for normal users without special training. This paper proposes a semantic Web Services framework utilizing IFC-based industry ontology to address the interoperability problem. First, the possibility of building an IFC-based construction industry ontology is reviewed. Then, a framework to build semantic Web Services on this ontology is suggested. Both a core service and an assistant service is included. The framework could be easily expanded as long as the same Web Services model and the common ontology is observed. Once implemented, the framework could be utilized by any IFC-supported BIM applications, as well as personnel without extensive knowledge of IFC specifications, for more precise, consistent and up-to-date project information retrieval. This approach is expected to further the effort of IFC and enhance and improve interoperability in the AEC industry without requiring extremely technologically savvy users.


Objective To carry out drug counseling services,so as to promote the rational drug application in outpatients.Methods Pharmacists communicated with patients directly,and the drug information was publicized,rational drug application education was carried out,medical knowledge was introduced.The typical cases of drug problem were analyzed.Results A total of 1 874 cases of outpatient drug counseling in the hospital from 2009 to 2010 were received.The consultations were mainly related to medication taboos problem(42.2%),combined medication(25.4%),and medication time(17.3%).Conclusion It can promote harmonious doctor-patient relationship to carry out drug counseling services and guide the rational drug application in outpatients.


Since the concentration of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere is rapidly increasing, recently to severe levels, and it has a fatal effect on human health, a change in people's awareness of outdoor physical activities is necessary. Nevertheless, people still take part in outdoor physical activities, even on days when a fine dust risk alert is issued, which shows that people's awareness of the danger of fine dust to their health is still lacking. This study used 341 surveys that was conducted to analyze and compare people's motives for participation in physical activities in relation to the fine dust level. After an exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis using SPSS 23.0, the level of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere was divided into "dangerous" and "normal," while the respondents to the survey were divided into a "with fine dust group" and a "without fine dust group." People's participation motives were compared and analyzed by using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). People who participated in outdoor physical activities on days with a severe fine dust concentration showed higher scores for the motives of Competition, Appearance, Physical Condition, and Mastery, while those who participate in outdoor physical activities on days without a find dust alert showed higher scores for the motive of Psychological Condition. Countermeasures against the danger of fine dust that are more effective should be established by analyzing the motives of people who participate in outdoor physical activities despite the dangerous level of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere.


Background and Aims: This study investigated the feasibility of an Internet-delivered Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (I-EAET) for adult patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD). Although EAET for SSD has been shown to be effective in both individual and group format using RCTs, no trial of an internet-delivered EAET exists. Therefore a preliminary, uncontrolled feasibility and efficacy trial of I-EAET for SSD was conducted. Methods: 124 patients registered to participate, and a structured psychiatric assessment to judge suitability for the treatment was conducted for all patients. A total of 52 patients (50 women, 2 men) were included and initiated treatment. Mean age was 49.6 (SD 11.9). The internet-based treatment protocol consisted of nine modules, which were adapted and translated from the self-help book, Unlearn your Pain by Schubiner. Seven therapists (primarily psychology students) communicated with patients over the internet. Every therapist spent approximately 20 minutes per patient per week to answer question and giving feedback on home-work assignments. Treatment lasted nine weeks. Patients completed measures of somatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, trauma related symptoms, and emotional processing before treatment and again at post-treatment.Results: A large within-group reduction in somatic symptoms (PHQ-15) was observed (d = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.77-1.46). Small to moderate magnitude reductions in anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), trauma related symptoms (PCL-5), and dysfunctional emotional processing (EPS-25) occurred. Almost one-quarter of the sample (23.1 %) achieved a 50 % or greater reduction in somatic symptoms. The treatment also significantly increased patient's ability to take part in social and family life (Sheehan Disability Scale).Conclusions: I-EAET appears to be a feasible treatment for adults with SSD. Results seems similar or even larger than those obtained in RCTs of EAET delivered face-to-face. A controlled trial is needed determine the effects of I-EAET specifically, and whether this approach might be superior to other internet-delivered treatments. Research should also identify treatment responders and mechanisms of change in EAET.


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OBJECTIVE
To analyze the stress distribution of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in posterior cross-bite of individual teeth and in normal occlusion during the intercuspal occlusion (ICO).

METHODS
On the basis of the geometric TMJ model of normal occlusion, the TMJ finite element model of posterior cross-bite of individual teeth was reconstructed. The occlusal force and boundary conditions were applied on the model. Using three-dimensional finite element method (FEM), the stress distribution of TMJ in posterior cross-bite of individual teeth was analyzed by simulating the ICO load.

RESULTS
No significant differences were found in stress distribution in various TMJ structures between posterior cross-bite of individual teeth and normal occlusion. However, the stress level was higher and the stress distribution was more inhomogeneous in posterior cross-bite of individual teeth than in normal occlusion. In the cross-bite malocclusion of individual posterior teeth, the maximum of von Mises stress was 0.792 MPa, the maximum principal stress was 0.598 MPa and the minimum principal stress was -0.744 MPa. But in normal occlusion, the maximum of von Mises stress was 0.592 MPa, the maximum principal stress was 0.395 MPa and the minimum principal stress was -0.554 MPa.

CONCLUSIONS
When the ICO load was applied, the stress distribution of TMJ was more inhomogeneous and the stress level was higher in posterior cross-bite of individual teeth than in normal occlusion.


WIA-PA is a kind of wireless network for industrial process automation, which has a high requirement for the real-time and reliability of the data transmission. Based on the deficiency of the existing routing protocols, this paper puts forward a new kind of WIA-PA routing protocol-MWD. The protocol chooses the stablest link in the routing table as the optimal route, and then based on the node disjoint strategy, determines a route as the backup route, which disjoints with the optimal routing node. When the node needs to transmit data, it can search the local routing table and choose the optimal route to transmit data. If the optimal route fails sometime, it can transmit data through backup route. The simulation results show that MWD protocol can enhance the real-time and reliability of the WIA-PA significantly. 1. Introduction Industrial wireless network technology is a new emerging kind of special wireless sensor network technology which is facing the information interaction between devices, and is suitable for harsh industrial field, and has a strong anti-interference, low power consumption, high real-time performance and high reliability. WIA-PA (Wireless networks for Industrial Automation-Process Automation), which is used for the industrial automation process, is the specification for industrial wireless networks researched


This research aims to find out the capacity of the Kalia Village in managing the allocated village budget and the factors that supports and inhibits the village apparatus in managing the budget. The research directly involves in this research. Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research with the qualitative approach. This research located in Kalia Village of Talatako sub-district, district of Tojo Una-Una. The data collected through direct observation, interview, and documentation. The informants in this research is 13 people, comprises of 5 village apparatus, 2 members of village facilitator and 3 community members. The data are analyzed interactively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. It reveals tha the village apparatus' capacity in managing the allocated village budget from planning, implementation, up to reporting and monitoring are less optimal. It is also found that majority of the village apparatus inadequate education level. In addition, the apparatus is also lacking in comprehending the tasks and functions of a village apparatus, as well as the technical skills of village apparatus hence the administrative requirements for allocated budget village are often submitted late that leads to late payment of allocated village budged. Keywords: village government, village apparatus, management of allocated vilage budget


Experimental $\mathrm{Al}(K)$ x-ray production cross sections are reported for atomic oxygen projectiles incident on solid aluminum targets with kinetic energy $E$ in the range $0.15\ensuremath{\le}E\ensuremath{\le}91$ MeV from which Al $K$-shell ionization cross sections are deduced for the projectile energy range $1\ensuremath{\le}E\ensuremath{\le}91$ MeV. For $E\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$ MeV nearly all observed x rays are caused by the recoiling aluminum atoms. The results are compared with theories of Coulomb ionization to the target continuum. Differences between experiment and these theories are examined with respect to contributions to inner-shell ionization from electon capture and Pauli excitation. It is found that Coulomb ionization is the dominant process for projectile velocities ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}g4$ a.u., while Pauli excitation dominates when ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}l4$ a.u. Electron-capture processes are significant at high energies, but are negligible for ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}l4$ a.u. for this projectile target system.


The adsorption and reactions of HOCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 on oxygen-precovered Cu(100) were investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) studies were performed to monitor and identify the surface intermediates from HOCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 decomposition, with the assistance of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. -OCH 2 CH 2 NH- was generated from scission of both the 0-H and N-H bonds of HOCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 and decomposed to form surface -OCH 2 CH 2 N- and to evolve CH 2 O and HCN observed with temperature-programmed reaction/desorption (TPR/D). The -OCH 2 CH 2 N- species further decomposed to generate H 2 , HCN, and N 2 , together with surface carbon. The bonding structures of the two surface intermediates, -OCH 2 CH 2 NH- and -OCH 2 CH 2 N-, were also investigated by DFT calculations.


This paper summarized the FEA method of cylinder bore deformation,and analyzed the influence of two different projects of cylinder block design on cylinder bore deformation. The analysis result shows that the modified project is much better to the second cylinder bore deformation than the original one.


The LTV Aerospace and Defense Company is currently developing a two dimensional infrared spatial modulator system. A laser projector using an 18 watt ND:YAG laser writes a raster on the modulator which is back illuminated by a blackbody source. Subsequently, the two dimensional infrared pattern is projected onto an IR sensor for viewing. The paper describes the optical and system design criteria of the laser projector which is used to write onto the spatial modulator. The laser projector employs a number of novel techniques to meet the performance specification of the system. In this application an acousto-optic modulation technique known as Scophony modulation is used. Scophony modulation was originally proposed at the beginning of this century for conventional television projection. For current laser projectors it has a number of inherent advantages which range from the ability to modulate high powered lasers with high temporal bandwidths, to improved spatial resolution which results from the coherent imaging process. The expected horizontal resolution is equivalent to 1325 line resolution in the visible region of the spectrum.


Sulfate-induced heave has become an expensive problem in many states when expansive soils containing high levels of sulfate are stabilized with calcium based stabilizers such as lime or cement. Colorimetric assessment of soluble sulfate concentrations (SSC) is the most accepted indicator to predict the degree of risk associated with using chemical stabilization to treat expansive soils. Questions surrounding the effects of sulfate source, water to soil ratio, contact time, and separation methods were investigated. Samples of a soil from northeastern Ohio were spiked with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) to yield 300 and 3000mg sulfate/kg soil and with gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) to yield 300, 3000, 6000, and 12 000mg sulfate/kg soil. Subsamples of the spiked soil were then mixed with water at a 1:20 ratio of soil:water, shaken, and allowed to rest from 12 to 24h. A sample of the soil solution from each mixture was obtained by four different methods and analyzed for sulfate by colorimetric method. There was no significant difference for the contact time used; however, a 24h contact time is recommended. Results of colorimetric testing indicated use of partial and full filtration provided the most accurate SSC readings.


The notion of a pseudoalgebra and that of a pseudoautomaton are introduced in a paper by THATCHER (1967). In this work it is shown that with a pseudoalgebra and with a pseudoautomaton a groupoid can be associated, in the same way as to a unary universal algebra and to an automaon a monoid can be corresponded. FACULTY O F CIVIL E N G I N E E R I N G 24000 SUBOTICA YUGOSLAVIA