An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a straightforward test that measures your heart rate and electrical activity. Electrical signals produced by your heart are detected by skin-connected nerves each time it beats. ECG signals are susceptible to noise contamination in real-world conditions, which can lead to misunderstanding. Baseline wanders and power line interference are the two main sources of noise in the ECG signal. To tackle these problems and eliminate inaccuracies, special emphasis has been dedicated to interpreting the ECG in order to achieve a precise diagnosis and analysis. To recycle pure data in its audio version, a denoising autoencoder (DAE) might be utilized. The results of experiments on ECG signals with various degrees of SNR input reveal that FCN outperforms fully connected neural network-and convolutional neural-based denoising network models significantly.


Earth's energy issues and its survival have been, for a few years, in the centre of the preoccupations of different countries and in everybody's mind. A big part (around 40 % for Europe) of the energy consumption and CO2 emissions come from buildings and use of them. In Belgium, like in many European countries, the existing buildings represent the main part of the building stock. These buildings are relatively old, and most of the dwellings are not at all or not well thermally insulated; their airtightness is weak and their heating installations are old. We can fi nd there real potential improvement and high possibilities of renovation. It seems essential, nowadays, to improve the performances of the existing building stock, in a sustainable development and energy saving way, from the economic, ecological and social points of view. To do that, the owner, the contractor and the architect are confronted with many renovation options, and choosing the best intervention scenarios is never easy. It's in this context that the software REFLEX (for Renovation EFfi cace d'un Logement EXistant, in English: EFfi cient Renovation of an EXisting dweLling) has been developed. This project concerns residential buildings, but could also be extrapolated for other building types [1]. The paper fi rst describes the basis and the hypotheses of the software, then the way to use it, and fi nally the results we get with such a tool. The parameters taken into account in the software are relative to: the building envelope (geometrical characteristics, walls composition, thermal insulation, windows), orientation and building environment for solar gains, internal gains, building inertia, technical installations (of heating, domestic hot water and ventilation systems), as well as the urgent interventions, those accepted and whished by the user and the other ones not allowed due to town planning regulations, or budget limit, or those which resulting performances are lower than expected. After that, the software tests all the possible combinations, while integrating the constraints defi ned both by the user and by the technical feasibility. It shows different solutions in a graphical way, with two by two inputs, corresponding to the performances chosen by the user, in order to select the most suitable solutions and to restrain the number of renovation possibilities. Finally, the software proposes four multicriteria analyses, which can be distinguished from each other by the importance given to each criterion. The results are shown in a graphical form, and sorted in a decreasing order. The solutions are differently ranked according to the user's point of view. The fi gured performances of the different solutions can also be shown. Future development of the tool will focus on the user's long term strategy, allowing him to schedule interventions with successive money supplies. Keywords-component: dwelling energy renovation, improvement of energy performance of existing dwellings, multicriteria optimized choice of renovation scenarios.


Tolerances in the process technology of planar electrooptical wave guide device on LiNbO3 are described with emphasis on pattern generation for switching modules of higher complexity.


Online reviews have become an essential factor in consumer decision-making, with the credibility and authenticity of such reviews being a major concern. Fake reviews, including those generated by computers and humans, can significantly influence the opinions and decisions of consumers, resulting in a loss of trust in online platforms. The e-commerce sector has seen a rise in the prevalence of fake reviews, with some sellers engaging in deceptive practices to manipulate the ratings and rankings of their products. One such practice is creating fake positive reviews for their own products or paying individuals to do so. This can mislead customers into believing that the products are of high quality and popular when they are subpar. Another practice involves leaving fake negative reviews for a competitor's products to damage their reputation and gain a competitive advantage. In addition, some sellers offer discounts or incentives to customers in exchange for positive reviews, leading to biased and inaccurate assessments of the quality of their products. These practices can harm the sales of honest sellers and undermine the trust of consumers in the e-commerce marketplace. This study proposes a supervised machine learning approach to identify fake reviews. The study compares the performance of six classification algorithms, namely Logistic Regression, K Nearest Neighbours, Support Vector Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, Random Forests Classifier, and Multinomial Naive Bayes. The models are trained on a text dataset of 40433 reviews collected from https://osf.io/. The paper analyses the various features and techniques used in the different algorithms to detect fake reviews. The study concludes that supervised machine learning algorithms can effectively detect fake reviews and can be used to prevent their dissemination, thus enhancing the credibility and reliability of online reviews.


Conservation tillage research indicated that continuous use of no-tillage or shallow tillage
causes an increase in soil dry bulk density, in weed infestation and reduced yields. In a four-year
experiment in Greece in a clay loam soil, five tillage methods using plough, heavy cultivator, rotary
cultivator, disk harrow and no-tillage for primary tillage were compared. The adverse effects of
conservation tillage mentioned were observed. During the experiment all crop residues were
incorporated into the soil. In order to study the effect of using deep soil loosening in conservation
tillage plots a change in tillage was made such that plots with continuous five yearof a tillage system
can be compared to plots with four years of each studied treatment and for the fifth combination of all
others. The results of the experiment showed that conservation tillage methods increased weed infestations. Ploughing for a year decreased weed populations. Five years of no tillage caused an
increase of soil dry bulk density to 1.60 g/cm3 compared to 1.12 g/cm3 for conventional tillage. Deep
soil loosening after four years reduced dry bulk density considerably. Soil organic matter at a depth
0-10 cm increased after five years of no tillage to 2.78 % compared to 1.56% of conventional tillage
and around 1.2 % at the beginning of the experiment. At depth 10-20 cm conventional tillage had
1.77% organic matter compared to 1.33% for no tillage. Year 2001 was a very dry one and reduced
tillage methods had the best plant emergence with ploughing and no tillage giving the lower
emergence rates. But at the end of the period ploughing gave the best yields.


We consider a linearly elastic composite medium, which consists of a homogeneous matrix containing a statistically homogeneous set of multimodal spherical inclusions modeling the morphology of heterogeneous solid propellants (HSP). Estimates of effective elastic moduli are performed using the multiparticle effective field method (MEFM) directly taking into account the interaction of different inclusions. Because of this, the effective elastic moduli of the HSP evaluated by the MEFM are sensitive to both the relative size of the inclusions (i.e., their multimodal nature) and the RDFs estimated from experimental data, as well as from the ensembles generated by the method proposed. Moreover, the detected increased stress concentrator factors at the larger particles in comparison with smaller particles in bimodal structures is critical for any nonlinear localized phenomena such as onset of yielding, failure initiation, and damage accumulation.


Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT)/Y1Ba2Cu3Ox(YBCO) heterostructures have been grown by pulsed laser deposition, in which PZT films were epitaxial, highly oriented, or polycrystalline. These PZT films were obtained by varying the deposition temperature from 550 to 760 °C or by using various substrates such as SrTiO3(100), MgO(100), and r‐plane sapphire. PZT films with Pt top electrodes exhibited large fatigue with 35%–50% loss of the remanent polarization after 109 cycles, depending on the crystalline quality. Polycrystalline films showed better fatigue resistance than epitaxial or highly oriented films. However, PZT films with both top and bottom YBCO electrodes had significantly improved fatigue resistance for both epitaxial and polycrystalline films. Electrode material seems to be a more important parameter in fatigue than the crystalline quality of the PZT films.


Abstract Temperature dependence of the elastic modulus E 1 of crystalline regions in the direction parallel to the chain axis has been measured by x-ray diffraction for various kinds of polyethylene (PE) with different microstructures. The E 1 value is 235 GPa for all kinds of PE at room temperature. However, in some cases, E 1 began to decrease at a certain temperature, in one case at 50°C and in one at 65°C. The lattice spacing for the (002) plane also decreased with increasing temperature. The thermal expansion coefficient αc changed discontinuously around the temperature range where E 1 began to decrease. This indicates that axial thermal molecular motion (i.e., incoherent thermal motion) is enhanced at high temperature. These phenomena could well be explained with the kinked-chain model where two gauche conformations are incorporated in the all-trans, fully extended conformation. The kinked chain deforms very easily through the change of internal rotation around the C—C bond, which has a small force ...


Artificially structured metallic meshes have been widely used in optical transparent devices for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Traditional meshes have drawbacks such as poor imaging quality from the centralized diffraction distribution and the inferior EMI shielding efficiency. Here, we propose a petal-shaped metallic mesh with anomalistic closed-loop pattern that can effectively improve the EMI shielding efficiency by reducing the equivalent period of the mesh and, meanwhile, suppress the stray light and achieve uniform optical diffraction. By experimentally testing the EMI shielding and diffraction performance of such mesh samples, a Ku-band shielding efficiency (SE) larger than 24 dB with the maximum SE of 32.1 dB at 12.2 GHz is obtained, which is 8 dB higher than that of the classical square mesh, and an optical transmittance as high as 73.4% is achieved at the visible wavelength of 632.8 nm. Petal-shaped metallic mesh with such excellent performance may play important roles in various applications of optical transparent windows.


Detailed information on the spatial and temporal variation of soil respiration and controlling factors in different terrestrial ecosystems is critical for understanding the ecosystem carbon budget and the response of soils to global climate change. Despite the importance of this topic, knowledge is lim-ited, and key processes and mechanism need clarification. We reviewed recent research advances in the spatial and temporal variation of soil respiration, driving mechanisms and simulation. Environmental and biotic factors play key roles in regulating the temporal variations of soil respiration. Soil respiration also exhibits high levels of these empirical models for accurately evaluating soil respiration.


While empirical likelihood has been shown to exhibit many of the properties of conventional parametric likelihoods, a formal probabilistic interpretation has so far been lacking. We show that a likelihood function very closely related to empirical likelihood naturally arises from a nonparametric Bayesian procedure which places a type of noninformative prior on the space of distributions. This prior gives preference to distributions having a small support and, among those sharing the same support, it favours entropy-maximising distributions. The resulting nonparametric Bayesian procedure admits a computationally convenient representation as an empirical-likelihood-type likelihood where the probability weights are obtained via exponential tilting. The proposed methodology provides an attractive alternative to the Bayesian bootstrap as a nonparametric limit of a Bayesian procedure for moment condition models. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.


The essential oil from pomelo peel was extracted by using steam distillation.The chemical components of the essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. 56 peaks were separated by GC,and 52 of them were identified by MS with NIST mass sepectral data.The identified components covered 98.54% of the peak area of the essential oil .The major chemical components were D-Limonene(62.48%),Anethol (9.50%) Nootkatone(5.60%),β-Linalool(2.33%),β-Caryophyllene(2.26%) etc.


. In this research composite based on zirconia and graphite was synthesized using the sol-gel method. Aim of this research is to activate and increase the photocatalytic activity of ZrO 2 by combining with graphite-based material. Our results show that we obtained material that can remove both cationic and anionic dyes by sorption and photocatalytic processes. Obtained composite is very effective in sorption of RB19 with up to 100% removal. Photocatalytic activity of composite is higher than pristine GO and goes up to 100% for RB19 degradation and about 50% degradation of MB. These results are promising and present an excellent base for further research.


Recent debates on work/family links within the French legal context shed new light on the discourses of twenty-four entrepreneurs and executives from growth-oriented SMEs on their representation of their careers and motherhood. The entrepreneurs' discourse presents the company as a real opportunity to balance work and family, while the executives' discourse is embedded in a professional ethos whereby motherhood is often perceived as a career barrier. Our main contribution consists in taking contextual elements into account when modeling the connections between work and family.


Maximum fuzzy entropy has been proven to be an efficient method for image segmentation.The key problem associated with this method is to find the optimal parameter combination of membership function so that an image can be transformed into fuzzy domain with maximum fuzzy entropy.However,it is computationally intensive or even impossible to find the optimal parameter combination of membership function directly.A new optimization algorithm,namely,PSO algorithm is used to search optimal parameter combination.Each particle represents a possible parameter combination.A swarm of particles are initialized and fly through solution space for targeting the optimal solution.The proposed method is used to segment infrared image and ideal segmentation results can be obtained with less computation cost.


MATERIALS SCIENCE
Microcontact printing (μCP) with elastomeric stamps can be used to pattern self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on surfaces, but it can also be useful to create mixed SAMs in which one of the molecules is diluted within the other layer. Mullen et al. show that more diffusive molecules


Music has an important influence on poets not less than on poems.Music instrument—Qin(a seven-stringed plucked instrument) can reveal the feature of music mostly.It reveals the feature of music directly through its making,dharma,melody and effect which possess abundant culture connotation.In the Han dynasty,Qin was to serve as a microphone for Confucian ceremonies.Till the WeiJin period,it became to a demonstrative carrier for the gist of Taoist nature music.For example,Ji Kang's Qin Fu(A Ode for Qin) is the masterpiece of it.While in the North and South dynasties,the poets were fond of playing Qin,from which they got recreational sentiment,innovation and objective.All these have a direct influence on the poets' composing.


Original scientific paper The straightness deviation is a key parameter to evaluate the operation state of large low-speed rotary kiln in hot state. In order to measure the straightness deviation of the kiln cylinder, a method was presented and experimentally demonstrated in real industry field in this paper. Firstly, a reference coordinate system was established on the basis of the operation principle of rotary kiln. Based on the coordinate system, the cylinder of the rotary kiln was divided into several cross sections. The geometry data of each section was collected by the designed laser system. Considering that the data contain the components of straightness deviation and kiln cylinder surface deformation, a mathematical model was proposed to process the collected data. Furthermore, a three dimensional geometry model of the kiln cylinder was set up by employing the cloud data, which can be used to provide theoretical guidance to analyse the operation state of the rotary kiln. Finally, several experiments were conducted in real industry fields to verify the proposed method, and experimental results demonstrated that the method is effective to evaluate the straightness deviation of the rotary kiln. Moreover, the measurement system is featured with small measuring error and low cost.


The prediction of movement in stock market prices has been an interesting area in the research of machine learning algorithms in recent years, due to its complex and dynamic content. In addition, typical stock market volatility makes forecasting more difficult. Thus, this work aims to propose a methodology that predicts the trend of the shares of three Brazilian companies traded on the Brazilian stock exchange. Therefore, we want to facilitate the recognition of movements in the market, in addition to assisting decisionmaking for investors. Furthermore, this work proposes to compare the predictions of the assets using three powerful machine learning algorithms, known as Random Forest, ArtiĄcial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines. In addition, we propose to use a function (kernel-SVM) Ű used for image recognition Ű to solve the prediction problem. Technical indicators (such as the Relative Strength Index, the stochastic oscillator, among others) are used as inputs to train the models. Finally, we evaluate perfomance indicators such as accuracy, precision, recall and speciĄcity. The efficiency of the models depends on the technique of separating the training and test samples used, varying between 18% and 76% of accuracy for the temporal separation technique against 71% and 97% of the random separation technique.


Abstract : A model of the proposed CVA-67 aircraft carrier was tested in the Subsonic Wind Tunnel to determine the aerodynamic effects of horizontal airflow deflectors or wings mounted on the side of the hull in the vicinity of the landing ramp. Results show that, within the range of variables tested, the effects of the wings on the air wake in the aircraft landing approach zone were minor. (Author)


Effects of Vallisneria natans on periphytic algae and phytoplankton in water with different nutrient treatments and responses of periphyton and phytoplankton to the nutrient concentration were studied in laboratory.Studies showed that the periphyton biomass were higher with oligo-mesotrophic treatment while the phytoplankton biomass were higher under oligotrophic treatment,although their responses to nutrient were not the same,their highest biomass were both under oligomesotrophic condition.Under the nutrient of total nitrogen between 0.4mg/L and 2.5mg/L,V.natans facilitated the growth of periphyton and inhibited the phytoplankton,periphyton was less sensitive than phytoplankton to submersed macrophytes in water.Under the nutrient of total nitrogen between 4.5mg/L and 6.5mg/L,V.natans caused a significant inhibition on periphytic algae,and the inhibition strengthened by enhance of nutrient concentration.When total nitrogen of treatment was 6.5mg/L,rate of inhibition on the periphyton by V.natans was 80%,while the inhibition on the phytoplankton declined even lost under the nutrient treatment.


Commercial buying and selling had replaced mutual gift giving long before Aristotle's time, and he gives fair exchange primacy over the other forms of justice in book five of the Nicomachean Ethics just because it provided philia for an activity which he knew to be more basic than any other in the life of the polis. He calls it 'the salvation of states', and repeats the judgement in the Politics. Yet the account of fair exchange in EN v 5 has a reputation for obscurity which ought to seem surprising. There is no agreed meaning for the formula 'as builder to shoemaker, so many shoes to a house' (1133a23-5, 32-3), and chapter 5 has become the poor relation in book five partly for this reason. The formula has a simple explanation, however, which has been overlooked because of a mistaken belief that inequality enters into it.


7 In Bangladesh growing environmental consciousness has caused a substantial shift in the green 8 product market during the past few years. Today's consumers are "thinking green" and are 9 prepared to pay more for ecologically friendly goods. Impulse buying is one of the many 10 diverse purchasing habits that consumers have. An impulse purchase or buy is any unplanned 11 purchase made by a consumer. 12


Origins of the emergence of local protectionism since China's reform and opening upinclude: devolution; market ramparts caused by distorted market and price mechanism; unfair market competition. To eliminate local protectionism, the Central Government took such necessary measures as the establishment of tax-sharing system and implementation of the all-round development strategy. Active involvement of local governments in economy has contributed to China's rapid economic development since reform and opening up. However, it is necessary to reinforce the positive effects of such involvement and reduce the negative ones. The solution lies in system innovation.


In the last decades, more and more researchers have started to focus attention on positive emotions such as happiness, satisfaction and well-being. People are no longer interested in negative affections. Only subjective well-being (SWB) as a core component of happiness indicates an individual's self evaluation of personal experiences, happiness or satisfaction with life. This paper, as the title indicates, aims to determine the role holidays play on an individual's SWB by testing the emotional changes at three different times: firstly, before the holiday; secondly, during the holiday; and additionally, one week after the holiday. Moreover, different well-being measurements (happiness, positive and negative emotions, satisfaction), vacation components (motivation, purpose, expenditure, destination variables), and demographic attributes (gender, age, income, marital status, employment status) are created to find interesting correlations with statistical significance. Finally, the comparison with other similar studies provides comparative information and the consistency of results.


Development of non-aqueous redox flow batteries as a viable energy storage solution relies upon the identification of soluble charge carriers capable of storing large amounts of energy over extended time...


This work introduces the engineering design of a device capable to detect serum turbidity. We hypothesized that an electronic, portable, and low cost device that can provide objective, quantitative measurements of serum turbidity might have the potential to improve the early detection of neonatal sepsis. The design features, testing methodologies, and the obtained results are described. The final electronic device was evaluated in two experiments. The first one consisted in recording the turbidity value measured by the device for different solutions with known concentrations and different degrees of turbidity. The second analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between visual turbidity estimation and electronic turbidity measurement. Furthermore, our device demonstrated high turbidity in serum from two neonates with sepsis (one with a confirmed positive blood culture; the other one with a clinical diagnosis). We conclude that our electronic device may effectively measure serum turbidity at the bedside. Future studies will widen the possibility of additional clinical implications.


This article examines the development of policy designed to target intimate partner violence, or domestic violence, through the use of protection orders in the U.S. state courts of last resort, or the state supreme courts, from 1980 to 2019. The authors' study shows that the American state supreme courts are decidedly supportive of female protection order litigants throughout the period studied. The model also highlights the importance of state government ideology, percentage of female justices, and state laws that ban gender hiring discrimination on state supreme court decision-making in these cases.


The paper reports on the procedures and on the devices, some of them of new type, utilised at IEN, for the determination of the frequency dependence of the thermal converters that constitute the AC/DC transfer standard.


Over the past 20 years, while the demographics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) hospitalizations have not noticeably changed, the comorbidities that lead to hospitalizations and poor outcomes in SLE have changed.


It is an analytical instrument for performing medical diagnostic analysis of biological samples. The analyzer rotates the first and at least second disk type cuvette conveyor each having a plurality of cuvette holders (11, 12), the first cuvette conveyor about a rotation axis (43) and (12) a first drive means (24) for, and a second driving means for rotating at least second cuvette conveyor (11) about an axis of rotation (43) (25). Actuation of the at least second drive means (25) is independent of the operation of the first drive means (24). The first cuvette conveyor (12) and at least second cuvette conveyor (11) are spaced from each other in the axial direction along the rotation axis (43), between which there are gaps. Cuvette holders of the cuvette holder and the at least second cuvette conveyor of the first cuvette conveyor (12) (11) is adapted to hold the cuvettes (31) having the same shape and dimensions.


The invention provides a substrate cleaning apparatus and a substrate cleaning method. In one embodiment, a substrate cleaning apparatus includes a plurality of rollers configured to hold and rotate a substrate. The apparatus further includes one or more cleaning members provided to one or more rollers of the plurality of rollers. Furthermore, the plurality of rollers are configured to hold the substrate so that the one or more cleaning members come into contact with a side face of the substrate.


This paper reports the experience of Queensland police in the investigation of predatory behaviour by men seeking sex with children through online chat rooms. It includes a discussion of two successful prosecutions. The results of this study show the aggressive and rapid way that children are targeted by adults for sexual purposes. In 76 per cent of cases the suspect was arrested for an offence within one month of the first online contact. In 68 per cent of cases the adult sought offline contact with the child. In 48 per cent of cases the adult suspect was arrested at the intended rendezvous with the child. This work is the result of a collaboration between the Australian Institute of Criminology and the Australian High Tech Crime Centre. Toni Makkai Director Children are growing up with computers. They use computers at home, at friends' places, at the library and at school to work, play and communicate. Some have net connectivity on portable devices such as mobile phones. Computers connected to the internet provide a number of ways to communicate in real time with other people who can be anywhere, including across the room, hallway, road, city, state, country or world. Various facilities are available to search out others with similar backgrounds or interests. If a child enters an online chat room they may encounter an adult person, who may or may not be pretending to be a child, but who is on the lookout for a child to whom they can 'talk dirty', send obscene images, obtain sexually explicit pictures, engage in cybersex or meet for sex offline. The adult might strike up a conversation which very soon progresses to a sexually explicit topic. In some jurisdictions there may be a limited range of possible offences to cover such actions. Where there are laws in place, how are we to combat this predatory type of behaviour? One way is for the police to pretend to be children in online spaces and wait for the predators to come to them. This paper reflects on the nature of online grooming and the police response. It reports on the 25 investigations into online grooming completed by the Queensland Police in the period June 2003 and September 2004 under the code name Task Force Argos. The purpose of this study is to better understand how online grooming offences are committed and how they can be policed. Laws against seeking sex with children A range of possible offences may be used where an adult engages in sexual activity with a child, depending on the nature of the sexual activity. If, however, an adult approaches a child with the intent of engaging in sexual activity, but no sexual activity actually takes place, that may or may not constitute an offence. Whether or not it is an offence depends on the available law. In cases of attempting to commit a sexual offence, there will also be a question of fact to answer - that is, whether the adult has taken steps towards carrying out their intent. While the relevant laws vary across Australia, the possible charges fall into four categories: 1. attempting to commit a specific sexual offence with a child; 2. procuring a child for a sexual purpose; 3. soliciting a child for a sexual purpose; or 4. grooming a child by communicating with that child with the intent to procure that child to engage in a sexual act. Queensland introduced a specific law against adults grooming children for sexual purposes in the Sexual Offences (Protection of Children) Amendment Act 2003. The Act inserted section 21 8 A into the Queensland Criminal Code. The provision makes it an offence for an adult to use electronic communication (such as email, internet chat rooms, SMS messages, real time audio/video or other similar communication) with the intention of procuring a person under the age of 16 years (or whom the adult believes to be under 16 years) to engage in a sexual act. The definition of sexual intercourse is specifically not limited to acts involving physical contact. …


e13029 Background: Oncolytic viruses are increasingly recognized for their potential promise of lasting impact on our cancer treatment repertoire. The use of attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) against cancer was pioneered more than 40 years ago by Laszlo Csatary, a Virginia physician, who died March 20, 2012 at age 88. In 1968, Csatary used attenuated NDV as a cancer treatment. NDV, an RNA virus, shows tumor selectivity in its replication behavior in mammalian cells, including humans. Methods: A.G., a 14-year-old boy, presented in September 1994 with a large left fronto-temporal mass. The tumor was debulked and he then received 56 Gy of radiation to the brain. Pathology indicated the tumor was a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). By November1995 there was local recurrence. Despite various chemotherapies, the cancer progressed. In May 1996 patient started on attenuated intravenous NDV in Budapest, Hungary. This was the only agent he received for the next 8 years. Results: There was progressive shrinkage ...


The Organic Health Law n°8.080/90 states that the existence of conditioning and determining factors to infectious diseases such as food, housing, sanitation, environment, work, income, formal education,  transportation, leisure and access to essential goods and services, characterize health. Most diseases can be avoided with primary prevention, which purpose is to limit the incidence of diseases. The purpose of the research is to identify risk factors among Nursing undergraduates, Unioeste, Foz do Iguacu/PR. It is across-sectional study, with 120 subjects, undergraduate Nursing students from Unioeste in Foz do Iguacu, during the firs half of 2012. The data collecting tool focused questions about risk factors and the undergraduates' socioeconomic profile. Results show 20% of the subjects with overweight, 53% declared having sedentary lifestyle, 5% smoke, while 25,8% declared already used a cigarette, 56% drinks weekly certain amount of alcohol. We may conclude that the number of undergraduates expose to the studied risk factors is high, especially on physical activity. It is conspicuous that the undergraduate needs a supporting group that works on these fragilities, so that diminishes risks and strengthens theory with practice, improving health education.


Grape cultivars that are grown in cold climates must be able to tolerate low winter temperatures that typically occur in a given region. Cold hardiness of grapevines is based on primary bud survival, however, many interspecific cultivars can produce a crop on secondary buds if primary buds are injured. Moreover, cane tissues, which are necessary for secondary crop production, can be as susceptible to freezing injury as secondary buds. There is relatively little information concerning the freezing tolerance of cane tissues during the overwintering period, although high freezing tolerance of cane tissues is important where severe freezing events can be anticipated. The objective of this investigation was to characterize differences in freezing tolerance of bark and xylem cane tissues of a very hardy (Frontenac) and a moderately hardy (Seyval blanc) grape cultivar during autumnal acclimation, midwinter period, and vernal deacclimation. A second objective was to identify biochemical markers associated with increased freezing tolerance of grapevine canes (not included in this report).


Purpose: The iPad application aid for decision-making in occupation choice (ADOC) was developed to measure the client's satisfaction with individualized occupational performance of meaningful and purposeful activities. The present study examined the reliability and validity of individualized satisfaction measurement using the ADOC. Method: The Japanese version of the ADOC was used by 36 occupational therapists on 92 of their clients (44 males, 48 females, mean age 66.4 ± 17.8 years). Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using Pearson's correlation between ADOC satisfaction score and the Life Satisfaction Index K (LSIK) factors: Factor 1 (satisfaction with life), Factor 2 (optimistic and positive disposition) and Factor 3 (evaluation of own aging). Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Ninety-two clients completed the validation study. Satisfaction with ADOC significantly correlated with LSIK Factor 1 (r = 0.297, p < 0.01), but not with Factors 2 or 3 (r = −0.045 and −0.089, respectively). Of the 92 clients, 78 participated in the test–retest reliability study. Good to moderate correlation was revealed (ICC = 0.712, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The Japanese version of the ADOC is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring client satisfaction with individualized occupational performance. Implications for Rehabilitation The iPad application, aid for decision-making in occupation choice (ADOC), was developed to promote shared decision-making during rehabilitation goal-setting. ADOC involves choosing from 95 illustrations related to the item "activities and participation" in International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. The Japanese version of ADOC makes it easy to identify and share the meaningful occupation for client, and a valid and reliable tool on measuring client satisfaction with occupation.


We propose a new software framework, named "decoupling architecture", for all-to-all computation. In this framework, the user's kernel code and well-tuned parallel control code are clearly separated to allows users to move smoothly from running sequential programs on a single-node server to fully utilizing a powerful machine, such as the K computer. In an evaluation of our prototype, the proposed decoupling architecture introduced some overhead. However, we show that the overhead can be reduced.


The authors found a great number of dead or dying Slender-billed Shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, in Suruga Bay from May 23 to 26, 1964, when the plankton survey was made on the "Tansei Maru" of Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo.This phenomenon was observed almost in all parts of the bay, especially in the inner part. Fourteen dead or dying birds were observed in area, 150m in width and 10km in length, in the inner part. From this observation the total number of birds in this inner part was estimated at more than 4, 000.Four specimens were used for dissection. One of these was alive and three were dead when they were collected. Blood was vomitted in two specimens. Stomach contents were absent in three specimens and stomach bleeding was found in two and cloaca was filled with feces in one.The southern wind blew ashore frequently in this period, especially strongly on May 23 and the Kuroshio current was shifted to the south and water temperature was lower than usual.The cause of this mass martality could not perfectly be clarified, but judging from the results of dissection and meteorological and oceanographical data, the unusual sea current of this year caused the scarcity of food in the normal distribution sea area of this shearwater and would have forced them to prostraction, while the strong southern winds that followed drifted exhausted birds to the shore. The authors have no definite evidence to conclude whether this mass mortality was caused by some diseases.


Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, a major aim of the government has been the establishment of a banking system in the country based on Islamic principles. Note 54 of the 1358 (1979) Budget Law, charged the government with the task of preparing the ground for achieving this objective. Subsequent events, however, proved that a separate, specific legislation was required to create a comprehensive legal framework within which the Islamic banking system could operate. Accordingly, the government presented to parliament a bill entitled, "Interest-free Banking Operations". This bill was subsequently passed by parliament in September 1983 and under the title of "the Law for Interest-free Banking Operations" became the basis for modern Islamic banking practices in the country. According to the provisions of this law all commercial and specialised banks operating in the country had to conduct their operations, as of 21 March 1984, strictly according to the new banking procedures outlined in the law. As a consequence, mobilisation and allocation of financial resources underwent fundamental changes.1 A great upheaval has thus occurred on the Iranian financial scene. At about the same time, a phenomenon under the name of Islamic banking has blossomed amongst global banking practices. Just as any change or upheaval has its merits as well as its shortcomings, so with regard to the new banking practices a similar trend is observed. However, during the preparatory stages, when procedures, designs, rules and regulations were being formulated, difficulties of operation and possible practical shortcomings were obscured and unobserved, when otherwise they could have been identified and dealt with there and then. Such practical problems emerged, however, during the implementation of the law.


Grain size effects for piezoelectric properties in Pb(Sc/sub 0.5/Nb/sub 0.5/)/sub 0.58/Ti/sub 0.42/O/sub 3/+0.5 mol% Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/ (PSNT) polycrystalline ceramics were investigated using hot-pressed PSNT samples with a grain size from 0.72 to 3.33 /spl mu/m. Large electromechanical coupling factors of k/sub p/=0.76, k/sub t/=0.56, k/sub 31/=0.46, k/sub 33/=0.79, which are larger values than those prepared by normal ceramic processing, were obtained in hot-pressed PSNT with a grain size of 1.01 /spl mu/m.


Introduction Geoffrey Hawthorne 1. The standard of living: lecture I, concepts and critiques Amartya Sen 2. The standard of living: lecture II, lives and capabilities Amartya Sen 3. Professor Sen on the standard of living John Muellbauer 4. The standard of living: uncertainty, inequality and opportunity Ravi Kanbur 5. Commoditisation and the standard of living Keith Hart 6. The standard of living: interests and capabilities Bernard Williams 7. Reply Amartya Sen Bibliography Index.


Experiments are described which consisted of a muon coincidence telescope and an electron coincidence telescope. The outputs of the two telescopes were fed to a time-to-pulse height conventer circuit, which was connected to a 100-channel pulse height analyzer. A mu -e decay distribution was readily obtained. The sample was placed in a Heimholtz coil which was energized for part of the experiments. (W.D.M.)


High-field magnetic white dwarfs have been long suspected to be the result of stellar mergers. However, the nature of the coalescing stars and the precise mechanism that produces the magnetic field are still unknown. Here, we show that the hot, convective, differentially rotating corona present in the outer layers of the remnant of the merger of two degenerate cores can produce magnetic fields of the required strength that do not decay for long timescales. Using a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulator, we also show that the expected number of high-field magnetic white dwarfs produced in this way is consistent with that found in the solar neighborhood.


The principle ofpacta sunt servanda is a principle which is found in law of obligations which means that when a contract is signed by both parties, they have to comply with the content of the contract. The research used judicial normative and descriptive analytic. The legal consequences of the principle of pacta sunt servanda in breaching the contract by Bank Mandiri, Citra Garden Sub-Branch, Medan, is that it will get the sanction of legal remedy from the other party that it has to fulfill its performance. The correlation between the principle of facia sunt servanda and the principle of good faith in KTA contract in Bank Mandiri, Citra Garden Sub-Branch, Medan, is that the principle of facia sunt servanda becomes the supporting principle for the implementation of the principle of good faith in which the former will provide legal certainty that the contract has been signed with good faith. Therefore, the correlation between both principles is very close and cannot be separated. Keywords : Principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda, KTA Contract, Bank Mandiri, Citra Garden Sub-Branch


Graft copolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and tamarind seed polysaccharide was prepared using microwave assisted graft copolymerization and evaluated for mucoadhesive applications. Graft copolymerization was optimized using response surface methodology employing microwave power and exposure time as the independent variables, and grafting efficiency as the response variable. The buccal patches of metronidazole formulated using the graft copolymer showed ex vivo bioadhesion time of 9.3 h with >80% of the drug getting released while the buccal patches formulated using tamarind seed polysaccharide showed ex vivo bioadhesion time of 5 h releasing only 50% of the drug.


In recent years, the measurement and analysis of comovement have become important subjects with theoretical and practical value. The contagion effects specified in this paper include spillover effects under information transfer and coherent movement under common external influences. We propose using the structural conditional correlation model to measure these two contagion mechanisms. Empirical results find significant mean and volatility spillover and dynamic conditional correlation between the residual series of the structural conditional correlation model for China and U.S. stock index returns, which clearly reflect the transmission channel from international markets to China's markets, especially in financial crises. The methodology introduced here may have implications for the control and management of crises.


In this paper a model based on data envelopment analysis is used to evaluate the production efficiency of the city retail sales enterprises. It calculates the total efficiency, technological efficiency, scale efficiency of all DMUs and their scale efficiency return situations. Then some feasible ways for ineffective DMUs to make them effective is put forth. It also analyzes the relationship between production efficiency and resources utilization rate. Some useful advice on the development of the city retail sales industry is achieved, which is valuable to make decisions for some sections.


In Cuba, companies need to develop their production and service processes in a way that allows them to make the best decisions and turn them into organizations of excellence. In a context marked by the growth of demand for a high level of service provision, the following research aims at an in-depth analysis of the quality management system in the Technical Services of the Bisas Covarrubias hotel in line with ISO 9001: 2015, an element of vital importance to attain the highest quality in maintenance processes. The article includes a review of the specialist literature on the subject of the investigation. Among the main results achieved with this research is the preceived satisfaction of the client.


Relying on laser technology for metal cutting or marking has many advantages in practice. The processes work without contact. This protects the processed material and the tool, because a light beam does not wear out. Also, no other processing method is as flexible in terms of shaping. Tools do not have to be changed and the workpieces do not have to be clamped in time‐consuming preparation. Until now however, the high purchase prices were an obstacle to using laser technology – especially for cutting – even for smaller quantities or prototype production. But in the meantime, there are also affordable systems suitable for such applications.


Polymer flooding is an effective method for improving the recovery efficiency in heterogeneous reservoir.Polymer selection is related to increasing oil production during polymer flooding.In this article,on the basis of the actual geological reservoir conditions, a series of testing has been conducted for polymer solution to increase the viscosity of polymer,stability,temperature tolerance, salt resisting capability,anti-shearing capability,detention and adsorption characteristics.Under different category of evaluation indicators,with multilevel fuzzy integrated evaluation method,quantitative evaluation has been conducted on polymer performance. The study results indicate that multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can be used for different category indicators of evaluation.Among three kinds of evaluated polymers "Beijing constant poly","Southwest Association-in" and "France SNF",Polymer " Southwest Association-in" is much better.


Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the electromyographic responses to Nordic curl and prone leg curl exercises, having two different mechanics.
Material and Methods. The athletes performed the prone leg curl and Nordic curl exercises in random order, 6 repetitions each. Electromyographic data of semimemranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles were recorded by 8-channel electromyography in order to examine the muscle responses to exercises. Total duration of exercise, cumulative integrated electromyographic values and muscle activation rates in 5 different intensity zones determined according to MVC% values have been compared.
Results. Prone leg curl exercise occurred in less time than Nordic curl exercise. According to the cumulative integrated electromyography data results, all muscles showed similar muscle activation in both exercises. Comparing the muscle activation rates in the five intensity zones, more muscle activity was observed for Nordic curl exercise in the first intensity zone, while prone leg curl exercise was more active in the third and fourth zones. During the prone leg curl exercise, the muscle activation rate of the dominant leg is higher in the first intensity zone, whereas the non-dominant leg in the fourth intensity zone has a higher muscle activation. During the Nordic curl exercise, the muscle activation rates of the dominant leg in the first and fifth intensity zones are higher, whereas the nondominant leg in the fourth intensity zone is higher.
Conclusions. Prone leg curl exercises can be preferred in order to stimulate high muscle activation in a short time. Comparing the two exercises there was no significant difference in muscle activity in dominant and nondominant legs.


This research note focusses on the patterns of use of both modern and traditional health services when children are sick. Many of the patterns of use are analyzed separately for boys and girls. Among all sick children under age 6 about 33 and 34% of males and females respectively received treatment from at least 1 of the facilities. Male children who suffer from abdominal diseases at infancy are more likely to be users of medical facilities than females because male infants were more severely sick than females. Differentials in overall child morbidity according to age have been observed levels being higher for infants and toddlers than children of older ages. However no sex differences were found either in morbidity or in health care practices. Children whose mothers are literate have higher reported morbidity than children of illiterate mothers. However regarding access to sanitary facilities better conditions exist among children of literate mothers than among those of illiterate mothers. More than 40% of children whose mothers were sick were also sick themselves but only 21% of children whose mothers were not sick or about 1/2 of the above group were sick. The policy implications from the findings presented here are that the Governments Primary Health Care program while concentrating on expanding health services to the rural areas needs also to consider ensuring that the cost of treatment and medicines are within reach of the population otherwise the newly developed modern health services may remain underutilized.


The purpose of this paper is to show some economic outcomes of the application of optimal control to marketing. We present two dynamic models. In the first one we consider a firm that seeks to reach a fixed level of goodwill at the end of the selling period, with the minimum total expenditure in promotional activities. The firm can only control the communication expenditure rate. In the second one we consider a vertical control distribution channel where a manufacturer sells a single kind of good to a retailer. The manufacturer's profit maximization is considered in an optimal control model where the manufacturer's control is the discount on wholesale price (trade discount). The optimal discount policy of the manufacturer turns out to depend on the efficiency of the retailer and his sale motivation. Finally we also consider the manufacturer-retailer relationship in a differential game framework: the manufacturer's control is again the trade discount while the retailer controls the pass-through to the market.


Systematic generalisation, i.e., the algebraic capacity to understand and execute unseen tasks by combining already known primitives, is one of the most desirable features for a computational model. Good adaptation to novel tasks in open-ended settings relies heavily on the ability of agents to reuse their past experience and recombine meaningful learning pieces to tackle new goals. In this work, we analyse how the architecture of convolutional layers impacts on the performance of autonomous agents when generalising to zero-shot, unseen tasks while executing human instructions. Our findings suggest that the convolutional architecture that is correctly suited to the environment the agent will interact with, may be of greater importance than having a generic convolutional network trained in the given environment.


Estimating Baseline Population Parameters of Urban and Wildland Black Bear Populations Using a DNA-based Capture-Mark-Recapture Approach in Mono County, California


A crowdsourced stream processing system (CSP) is a system that incorporates crowdsourced tasks in the processing of a data stream. This can be seen as enabling crowdsourcing work to be applied on a sample of large-scale data at high speed, or equivalently, enabling stream processing to employ human intelligence. It also leads to a substantial expansion of the capabilities of data processing systems. Engineering a CSP system requires the combination of human and machine computation elements. From a general systems theory perspective, this means taking into account inherited as well as emerging properties from both these elements. In this paper, we position CSP systems within a broader taxonomy, outline a series of design principles and evaluation metrics, present an extensible framework for their design, and describe several design patterns. We showcase the capabilities of CSP systems by performing a case study that applies our proposed framework to the design and analysis of a real system (AIDR) that classifies social media messages during time-critical crisis events. Results show that compared to a pure stream processing system, AIDR can achieve a higher data classification accuracy, while compared to a pure crowdsourcing solution, the system makes better use of human workers by requiring much less manual work effort.


In order to understand the perception-decision-operation pattern of driver, the eye movements and fixation distributions of driver, and relevant vehicle speeds were measured by eye-measured instrument while driver drove between two barriers with five different space widths, which are 7.0, 4.4, 3.5, 3.0 and 2.0 m. Analysis result of driver fixation distributions concerning different widths shows that driver concentrates his vision on the central area of road and farther to vehicle when there were no barriers on road (referring to 7. 0 m space width) , he concentrates his vision on the central area of road and left barrier when the space is enough to pass (referring to 4. 4 and 3. 5 m space widths) , he quickly scans between barriers when the width becomes narrow (referring to 3 m space width), he fixates closer to vehicle and his fixation duration decreases when the driving task becomes more difficult to fulfill.


Cairns Libraries caters to the needs of aged and isolated readers, mostly a population of 65 years or over. In 2005 it established Satellite Libraries through partnerships with aged care facilities and services offered by each library differ according to the needs of the residents.


Mutations are structural changes in DNA that can cause protein malfunction and genetic disease. This paper describes a machine learning approach to analyzing mutations associated to Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease. We apply SORCER, a second-order rule induction system to predict clinical phenotypes of OI from mutation and neighboring amino acid sequences in the COLIA1 gene. On the average, over ten 10-fold cross-validations, SORCER gives more accurate results than C4.5 with average accuracy of about 81.2%. The paper discusses the advantages and limitations of SORCER and demonstrates its use to provide initial exploration of biological sequences.


TIM (the turbo-inductor magnetometer) is an air-driven generating magnetometer which uses inductive output to avoid brushes and slip rings. The resulting mechanical simplicity allows TIM to be made very small while the high rotational speed, which is possible because there are no brushes, makes TIM quite sensitive. It is most suitable for measuring static or very nearly static magnetic fields. The output is an audiofrequency signal, and the accuracy depends chiefly on how accurately the amplitude and frequency of that signal are measured.


Digital Communication is the future of High Voltage (HV) substation automation, protection and control. It not only offer ease of diagnostics but acts fast to isolate healthy feeders from faulty ones. The effect of this digital protection technology is being appreciated by many utilities and industries for the benefit it offers to them and looks to be the future. Some of the utilities are replacing their secondary copper wires with Fibre Optics (FO) and Ethernet wires as they want load the cable trays less and identify the FO better than the secondary copper wires. Conventional relays are being replaced with Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) during asset management replacement program. Switchyard equipment such as instrument transformers filled with oil and SF6 gas are being replaced with Non-Conventional Instrument Transformer (NCITs). Ushering new devices into the network are not without challenges. These devices and peripherals cannot be put into use by the end user without proper assessment and needs to be validated with number of tests for its performances. To get end users acceptance, laboratory and field tests are carried out to study the propagation delays and performance issues as applicable to digital automation and protection scheme. This paper discusses an early detection of the loss of data packets in a star connected Ethernet Substation Automation Systems (SAS). Understanding a real model in a lab environment is an important step towards performance evaluation and identification of issues. With the involvement of multiple manufacturer in the digital substation, it is good to set a trial of the interoperability of equipment involving their products which could address critical protection issues. This paper focuses on a star connected architecture using an Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) lab-based software simulating the latency and delays of a digital protection scheme in a 132/22-kV zone substation. This paper shares a practical case study of measurement of latencies while exchanging Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages amongst the IED's passing through peripherals.


To The Editor, The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2021 update was published on the 28th of April, 2021. There are significant changes, including treatment of mild asthma, the role of azithromycin, treatment of asthma in COVID-19 times, and role of biologics...


In times of crisis, leaders are perceived as more effective and charismatic. Using signaling theory, we explore the impact of crisis on charismatic rhetoric and presidential support. In France, bet...


Cogent confabulation is a computation model that mimics the Hebbian learning, information storage, inter-relation of symbolic concepts, and the recall operations of the brain. The model has been applied to cognitive processing of language, audio and visual signals. In this project, we focus on how to accelerate the computation which underlie confabulation based sentence completion through software and hardware optimization. On the software implementation side, appropriate data structures can improve the performance of the software by more than 5,000X. On the hardware implementation side, the cogent confabulation algorithm is an ideal candidate for parallel processing and its performance can be significantly improved with the help of application specific, massively parallel computing platforms. However, as the complexity and parallelism of the hardware increases, cost also increases. Architectures with different performance-cost tradeoffs are analyzed and compared. Our analysis shows that although increasing the number of processors or the size of memories per processor can increase performance, the hardware cost and performance improvements do not always exhibit a linear relation. Hardware configuration options must be carefully evaluated in order to achieve good cost performance tradeoffs.


The study of Physico-chemical parameters in three local freshwater fish ponds in Warangal district have been studied for a period of one year from June, 2013 to May,2014. It is obvious that here in this state the fish culture is being done from june to September. Water samples were collected from the ponds and analyzed using standard laboratory methods and procedures. The physico-chemical parameters of the water such as pH, NH3N,DO,BOD,TAL,TUR,TDS, THS and EC are not uniform in all the three ponds. These parameters vary from month to month in an year. However no much fluctuation has been observed in the parameters such as pH, NH3-N, DO and BOD in all the three lakes, it is observed. The results showed variation in various parameters at the different sampling stations. The Temperature was ranging from 26.80±2.90oC to 27.00±2.00oC, pH was from 6.83±1.59 to 7.10±1.66 and the Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) content was 0.95±0.05 to 1.12±0.09mg/l. the dissolved oxygen content was from 6.8±1.02 to 7.40±1.56mg/l, Biological oxygen demand ranged from 1.89±0.074 to 3.14+0.015mg/l and Total alkalinity (TAL) was 38.5±1.58 to 39.40±2.80mg/l. Total dissolved solids(TDS) varied from 36.0±1.66 to 39.41±2.87 mg/l. while Total hardness (THS) was 19.95±1.89 to 23.80±1.62 mg/l and Turbidity was 24.00±1.00 to 28.0±2.44ppm. Electrical conductivity was from 115.06±6.54 to 118.9±3.87μmhos/cm. The NH3-N content was higher than the accepted values for fish culture while those of other parameters favored good fish production. The observations of the present study suggests that the fish culture in these three freshwater ponds in Warangal district are good to takeup fish culture practices. However if we adopt some water quality management practices and pond management techniques, it might give good positive results for fish culture, it is concluded.


This work describes the concepts of a boost pre regulator for power factor correction. The emphasis is given for the boost power circuit models and the specification for the control methods and techniques. A new approach for the error signal is introduced and the corresponding proportional controllers are employed. This study aims to show the importance of a detailed model description for control design.


Author(s): Mazeika, Stella | Advisor(s): Whitehead, Jim | Abstract: This work focuses on incorporating style - specifically visual style - into procedural content generation processes. Specifically, I model style as a series of constraints that must be satisfied while an object is generated.


Abstract: The National Research Council of Canada, in association with the National Measurement Institute in Australia and Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in France, is establishing a calculable capacitor that represents a third generation of design. The calculable capacitor was originally developed in the 1960s by Thompson and Clothier in Australia and refined by others, notably Cutkosky at the National Bureau of Standards. There are only a few operating calculable capacitors in the world and only a couple that can achieve uncertainties of order 5 × 10−8. This has been primarily due to inherent limitations in previous designs coupled with the difficulties in assessing a number of critical influences. We will describe the design considerations of this new calculable capacitor, outline some target specifications and uncertainties, and review the progress to date. We will also present the contributions that such a calculable capacitor can make to the International System of units (SI) and to the determination of fundamental constants in light of the recently proposed changes to the SI by I.M. Mills et. al. While the dimensional tolerances of the new calculable capacitor are extremely demanding, it is expected to achieve uncertainties of ≤10−8 and also has other properties that are unique.


Summary. The aim of the study is to identify problems in the organization of medical triage and medical care in trauma centers of different levels at mass simultaneous admission of victims in emergency situations and to determine possible ways to solve them. Study materials and methods. We analyzed the results of treatment of 136 emergency patients in Saratov and Saratov region trauma centers in 2010-2021. All patients were delivered by emergency medical teams (EMTs). Road traffic accidents (RTA) were the most frequent cause (76.0%) of traumatization of the patients, in the remaining cases (24.0%) carbon monoxide poisoning and burns caused by fires were the most common. The mean age of the victims was (39±7) years, of whom 71 (52.2%) were men, and 65 (47.8%) were women. The study was a total retrospective study, using patient medical histories as primary documentation. Patients older than 18 years were included in the study. Victims, who were delivered to trauma centers in addition to ambulance teams, were excluded from the study. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the study show that of 136 accident victims delivered to trauma centers in Saratov and Saratov region, 76 cases (55.9%) proved to have errors in the organization of medical triage and medical care to the victims. Most of the errors can be conditionally divided into 2 large groups. The first group included 52 observations (38.2%) related to the organization of the admission of injured persons who arrived from the emergency area. The second group included cases of underestimation of the patient's condition severity, wrong diagnosis, incompletely performed antishock or infusion therapy. The authors designated these errors as therapeutic — they occurred less frequently and were noted only in 9 cases (6.6%) — all these errors were made only in Level III trauma centers. Analysis of the study results showed that the main problem encountered by the management of trauma centers in Saratov region during mass simultaneous admission of victims in emergencies was the incorrect involvement of medical specialists in medical triage, which led to an increase in the timing of its implementation and in the timing of medical care — for example, the involvement of therapeutic specialists in the medical triage of surgical patients. To solve this problem, the authors propose to reverse the involvement of anesthesiology, surgery, and neurology medical specialists in the emergency departments of medical treatment organizations with their subsequent return to their departments as the workload in the emergency departments decreases.


According to the status quo of the market competition,this paper,with the product differentiation model established by the advertisement,discusses the categories of price equilibrium and other characteristic,works out the Nash equilibrium in mixed strategy based on the respective best response function.The paper also manifests that companies create the most suitable product differentiation through selecting the best advertising level so as to improve the competitiveness and profit benefits.


Ladder and chain perturbations in the two-dimensional Ising model are studied using a weak-coupled expansion for the local magnetisation on the corresponding quantum Ising chains in a transverse field. Using a duality transformation, these models are shown to display different critical exponents for their local order and disorder parameters.


Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been recognized as a significant source of water and chemical substances such as trace metals, nutrients, organic and inorganic carbon to the coastal zone (Oberdorfer et al. 1990; Charette et al. 2001; Slomp et al. 2004; Burnett et al. 2006; Moore 2010). In some regions SGD has been responsible for a deterioration of the coastal environment affecting the local economy and management of the area (Valiela et al. 2002; Slomp et al. 2004; Andersen et al. 2007). Particularly sensitive to the SGD are enclosed or semi-enclosed reservoirs of a limited water exchange with the open sea (Cyberski 1993). The Bay of Puck, southern Baltic Sea, due to its morphological and hydrological features, is a good example of a basin partially separated from the open sea waters (Nowacki 1993; Nowacki 1993a). Moreover, the bay itself is divided into two parts by the Rybitwa Shallow (the average depths: 21m in the outer and 3m in the inner part, that additionally impedes highly the water renewal in the inner part) (Korzeniewski et al. 1994; Urbanski et al. 2007). The Bay of Puck borders with the continental land in the west and the thin Hel Peninsula in the north and north-east. Both, the continental part and the peninsula differ in terms of land use and management. Interestingly, the first studies on the SGD in the Baltic Sea region were also performed at the Hel Peninsula (Sadurski 1987). They were related to the seawater intrusion due to the intense exploitation of aquifers. As a consequence several groundwater wells were closed along the Hel Peninsula. Later a reverse phenomenon has started to be observed and scientists became interested in the identification and quantification of the groundwater seepage to the marine environment (Piekarek-Jankowska et al. 1992; Piekarek-Jankowska 1994; Piekarek-Jankowska et al. 1994). The anomalies in the chloride distribution due to the groundwater discharge were identified in the pore waters of the Bay of Puck sediments (Bolałek 1992). Recently, the fluxes of different chemical substances via SGD to the Bay of Puck have been estimated based on the experimental studies performed at the Hel Peninsula, off Hel (Szymczycha et al. 2012; Szymczycha et al. 2014; Szymczycha et al. 2016). In fact, the loads of P, Mn and DIC via SGD to the Bay of Puck reported by the authors are comparable to the loads supplied by the local rivers entering the basin. This suggests that the SGD can also be an important source of other chemical constituents and thus has a potential to shape the functioning of the unique ecosystem of the Bay of Puck (Szymczycha et al. 2012; Szymczycha et al. 2014; Szymczycha et al. 2016). Those estimations and conclusions were based on the assumption that the composition of the groundwater coming from the side of the Hel Peninsula and the continental part are similar. Our present research hypothesis assumes that the different aquifers exploitation, land use and management, diversified geological structure and differences in land-sea interactions along the Hel Peninsula and at the continental part differentiate the chemical composition of SGD coming from both these sides. The main aim of this study was to identify the provenance of the groundwater discharged to the bay and


A numerical multi-physical model, electromagnetic , mechanical and acoustic, for an induction motor able to predict the electromagnetic noise at variable speed is firstly presented. Experimental measurements but also finite element simulations validate the model for different type of industrial motors. In a second time, this multi-physical model is employed with the design of experiment method to build response surfaces of the electromagnetic noise with respect to the main factors. The aim of the study is to find an optimal design or more simply, to avoid unacceptable designs of the machine, in term of noise for variable speed applications.


We have demonstrated the equivalence of two formulations for data processing, which usually are studied separately and independently. Habitually, for time series analysis, like signals processed in communications, electronics, control sciences, etc., mathematical tools based on autocorrelations, cross-correlations or convolutions, etc., are applied. Another sort of formulations is applied for analysis in spectrographic techniques, where the data is usually processed with statistical procedures based on the least square method. The equivalence demonstrated between both methodologies opens new possibilities in time series analysis, in order to find predetermined structures in the acquired data. Also, all of the mathematical criteria often used in spectroscopic analysis like the limit of detection, or the determination limit, could be applied in methods for analysis of data depending on time.


Introduction : Substrate mapping is the important strategy of the radiofrequency ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT). Late potential (LP) is one of the VT substrate which indicates the isthmus of VT in the low voltage area. Efficacy of enhanced MRI or CT for prediction of the VT substrate was reported. On the other hands, according to the prior report, Tc-99m scintigram could determinate the viability of ventricular myocardium and could discriminated the low viability area. In this study, we evaluated that we could predict the distribution of LPs with Tc-99m scintigram. Moreover, we evaluated the characteristics of the area where LPs existed.


We have developed a semantic tool (MedinfoParser) for the information extraction of medical documents. The main role of the parser is to parse medical sentences and extract key information. It puts Part-of-Speech (POS) tags and conceptual tags for the extraction. The parser consists of a Korean parser, an English parser, a numeric detector, and a noun phrase detector. For the semantic extraction, it gets conceptual id from the UMLS knowledge server.


With the increasing of the number of students in colleges and universities,China's higher education appears some new problems.The construction of academic atmosphere has important significance for improving teaching quality and deepening the management and reform of higher education.From the objective analysis of the present situation in the construction of college academic atmosphere,this paper made in-depth discussion on problems in the construction of academic atmosphere and put forward countermeasures to strengthen the construction of academic atmosphere.


This qualitative investigation explores the perceptions of four women compositionists regarding mothers, teaching, and scholarship in the field of composition. I examine narrative case studies about four women who have PhDs in composition from the same doctoral program. Findings indicate that each of these four women perceives her mother as a literacy sponsor and sees her father as a literacy doer. Participants reveal that their mothers supported their educational decisions and encouraged them to gain more education than they themselves had. Participants pursued a doctorate for practical reasons such as proximity, cost, job security, promotion, and tenure as well as knowing someone else who had done it. In addition, each of the four participants identifies as a teacher first and scholar second, and each also expresses self-doubt regarding her abil ity to write and publish academic discourse. Participants view teaching as an ethical responsibility much like mothering and protect the memory of their mothers in vari ous ways. Although participants separated from their mothers in order to pursue higher education, they still exemplified rhetorical ties to them.


The Santa Margarida Military Camp (CMSM) has been operational since 1952, with currently 75 civilians and 1359 military. The aim is to evaluate the environmental impact resulting from the operation of military installations and activities associated with military training in the CMSM, in order to contribute to the protection and sustainable management of the groundwater resources of the CMSM. This dissertation aims to assess the existence of chemical contamination (organic and inorganic), of the aquifer systems, ascribed to the military activities that occur in this location, as well as to obtain hydrogeochemical data (major and minor elements) associated to the surface and groundwaters of the CMSM area, and its correlation with the local hydrogeological environment. This study also focuses on the chemical assessment of the water from the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWPT) in order to evaluate whether this water complies with the legislation, to be reused for irrigation. This study is based on data from 2003, published by Matias et al. (2008) and recent data from field work campaigns conducted in 2015 and 2016, under the scope of the RASA Project. According to the most recent data (from 2015 and 2016) the activities developed in the CMSM are not a source of chemical contamination for the local groundwater, as these waters do not show signs of contamination and therefore do not constitute an environmental risk. From the chemical point of view, the water from the WWTP is within the legal parameters to be reused for irrigation in these facilities.


Fe3O4 adsorbent with 2D structures was synthesized via solvothermal method and its application in arsenic removal was investigated. Isotherms were generated at pH=4.7 and 7.6 and the results were best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model; good As(V) adsorption capacity was achieved for the Fe3O4 adsorbent at both pH values. Furthermore, pH effects were evaluated; the optimal pH value for adsorption was 8.27 with the adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency being 18.55 mg/g and 93.69%, respectively. Based on the measurements of the zeta potential and particle size of the adsorbent, we proposed that the overall pH dependence was a result of the combined effects of the zeta potential, particle size of the adsorbent, and existing form of As(V). From kinetics studies, the As(V) adsorption by Fe3O4 adsorbent followed the pseudo-second-order model and could be described by a two stage mechanism. When initial As(V) concentration was 1 ppm, 73% of the As(V) was adsorbed within the first 2.5 minutes and an overall removal efficiency of 82.5% was achieved in 2 hours. Increased removal efficiency is expected at higher adsorbent loading, thus allowing the post-treatment water to meet drinking water quality standards.


Employing World Bank data, this article finds that the observed worldwide transition from industrial to service activity has an insignificant long‐term impact on global de‐materialization. Unlike earlier studies that focus on actual material flows for specific sectors, this study considers economy‐wide sectoral composition changes from 1960 to 1998 for 206 countries, and infers some future scenarios based on observed trends. Sensitivity analysis under alternative assumptions about technological change and average industry material intensity indicates that, unless de‐materialization is "weakly" defined, a leveling off of world gross domestic product at some time this century will probably be required to achieve it.


The second half of the 19th century was marked by the beginning of rapid progress of engineering which resulted in the development of calculation methods of strength. By the end of the 20th century it has become obvious that it is not sufficient to have high functional qualities and strong machines for the products of advanced technologies to be competitive in the world markets. It is also necessary that the products should possess high wear resistance. All this resulted in the active development of tribology. A specialist who is not provided with the knowledge in the field of tribology is unable, to control the quality of machines and equipment; to design purposefully and operate high resource equipment; to be engaged in the search of technological processes ensuring reliability, wear resistance of constructions; to choose optimal variants among the numerous processes of strengthening technology; to carry out purposeful search of new constructional and lubrication materials as well as friction units; from a great variety of materials, to choose the optimal ones offered by the market today. That in why in order to develop the concept of finding the way out of the existing situation, the scientific methodological seminar of "Triboengineering" has been organized in 1992 under the initiative of Coordination Tribology Council attached to the Unity of Scientific and Engineering Societies, and Russian Engineering Academy of Bauman Moscow State Technical University. This concept is based on the necessity of the tribological knowledge to be provided in the 21st century at the all educational levels, i.e. in secondary schools and special educational establishments, as well as in technological institutes of higher education and universities. Training of engineers specialised in tribology has been started in 1994 according to decision taken by Russian Educational Department. The specially "Triboengineering" as adopted by this department for the curricula of higher schools training is based on three major branches: mechanical, chemical and tribological. The former includes theoretical mechanics, strength of material, applied mechanics, mechanics of rigid body, mechanics agreement of rigid body, mechanics fluid, theory mechanical oscillation and stability. The chemical branch includes organic, inorganic, colloid and physical chemistry. The tribological branch includes physic-chemicals process of friction and wear, bases of friction theory, bases of wear theory, bases of lubrication theory, dynamics of machines with friction, methods of modelling in tribosystems, tribotechnical study of materials and tribotechnology, machines for tribotechnical testing, friction and wear testing methods, bases of projecting and calculation of function units, exploitation of friction units. At the recent time Russian technical higher school and universities are in the process of introducing the speciality "Bases of tribology" in the curricula of all mechanical engineering and transport professions, as well as in the curricula of some instrument making professions. The manual "Bases of Tribology" [2] has been published recently. The second edition of the same book which is sufficiently revised and supposed to represent a scientifically and methodological base of tribological training in Russia will be published this year. Sixteen leading with different aspects of this science made their contribution to this book. Some higher schools universities are planning to establish extension courses for those who will be busy with introducing of triboengineering into technical trade education in the nearest future. In 1998 the Scientific Methodological Council attached to the Russian Educational Department supervising tribological education in secondary schools, technological institutes of higher education and universities has been se up.


An EMST-based plane points set Delaunay triangulation algorithm is presented.The algorithm finds the EMST in linear time by using randomized algorithm,and adds an edge to the EMST once a time,which will construct a triangulation network.A plane Delaunay triangulation through local transformation based on the Maximize the Minimum Angle Criteria can be got.It can save some time in finding EMST with randomized algorithm,and make the whole algorithm more effectively.


Vacuum transport of dense, charged particle beams is investigated as an alternative to plasma neutralization of the beam, which may produce relatively large beam‐plasma interaction losses. A solution of the vacuum transport equations, with beam properties invariant in the direction of propagation and without the aid of a magnetic guide field is found and interpreted. The energy required to provide favorable boundary conditions for eliminating beam divergence is shown to be acceptable.


I as a reviewer of this book, would like to reiterate the words of Albert Einstein – "Creativity is seeing what others see and thinking what no one else ever thought".

The golden rule of accounting become disastrous when non-commercial background practitioners and management team members is faced with discontinuous change since 15th centuries.

This work is conceptualised and authored under the new pedagogical tool named as 'Modern Approach of Accounting', by Paresh Shah. The nature of account is emphasis on the five parts as per Modern Approach of Accounting (MAA) and replaced the age-old traditional concept of three types of account.

This book demonstrates throughout in his book, that Modern Approach of Accounting – believes in dichotomies – the sum of left-hand side of arithmetic equation equals the sum of right-hand side of arithmetic equation, - five types of nature of accounts, - debit and credit word itself has no meaning and significance, in the today's state-of-art-technology, and for better and lucid understanding of accounting and in turn its use in decision-making.

The legacy of conquest of Modern Approach of Accounting must be reckoned with the same way the Golden rule of accounting trying to reckon with three types of traditional accounts.

The book is quite useful for non-commerce background reader, management students, and computer software and state-of-the-art technological software developer in the field of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT). Keywords: Accountancy; Accounting process; Adopted approach, Event; Five parts of accounts; Modern Approach of Accounting; Traditional Approach.


This research applied methods of multivariate statistical analysis, especially cluster analysis (CA) in order to recognize the disparity in the living standards for family among the Palestinian areas. The research results concluded that there is a convergence in living standards for family between two areas formed the first cluster of high living standards which are the urban of middle West Bank and the camp of middle West Bank, also there was a convergence of living standards for family among the seven areas formed the second cluster of middle living standards which are the urban of North West Bank, the camp of North West Bank, the rural of North West Bank, the urban of South West Bank, the camp of South West Bank, the rural of South West Bank and the rural of middle West Bank. In addition, there is a convergence of living standards for family among the three areas formed the third cluster of low living standards which are the urban of Gaza strip, the rural of Gaza strip and the camp of Gaza strip. After a comparison among several methods of cluster analysis through a cluster validation (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, K-means Clustering and K-medoids Clustering), the preference was for the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis method. However, after an examination to choose the best method of connection through agglomerate coefficient in the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (Single linkage method, Complete linkage method, Average linkage method and Ward linkage method), the preference was for Ward linkage method which has been selected to be used in the classification. Moreover, the Discriminant Analysis method (DA) applied to distinguish the variables that contribute significantly to this disparity among families inside Palestinian areas and the results show that the variables of monthly Income, assistance, agricultural land, animal holdings, total expenditure, imputed rent, remittances and non-consumption expenditure are significantly contributed to disparity. Keywords Cluster Analysis (CA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Discriminant Analysis (DA)


The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a 76Ge-based neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) experiment. Staged at the 4850 ft level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility, the DEMONSTRATOR operates an array of high-purity p-type point contact Ge detectors deployed within a graded passive shield and an active muon veto system. The present work concerns the two-neutrino double-beta decay mode (2νββ) of 76Ge. For Ge detectors, having superior energy resolution (0.1%), this mode poses negligible background to the 0νββ mode, even for a ton-scale experiment. However, the measurement of the 2νββ mode allows for careful systematics checks of active detector mass, enrichment fraction, and pulse shape discrimination cuts related to both the 0νββ and 2νββ decay modes. A precision measurement of the 2νββ shape also allows searches for spectral distortions, possibly indicative of new physics, including 0νββχ. Work is underway to construct a full experimental background model enabling a Bayesian fit to the measured energy spectrum and extraction of a precise 2νββ spectrum and half-life.


Abstract In this article, we shall investigate the numerical invariants encoded in the minimal graded free resolution of edge ideal of k-partite n-crown graph(or multipartite crown graph) We deduce the structure of minimal graded free resolution and obtain the lower bounds on graded Betti numbers of edge ideal In particular, we obtain the graded Betti numbers of edge ideal of already studied, and the initial graded Betti numbers Also, the extremal graded Betti number projective dimension and Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of these ideals are obtained.


ABSTRACT How can we compare two historical narratives about the same occurrence when each of the narratives satisfies the criteria of truth but nevertheless, portray incongruent views about the past? To answer such a question, we can identify a conservative view in history that commits to a correspondence theory of the past that argues that the scrutiny of the primary and secondary sources alongside a precise division of what counts as 'objective facts' and 'subjective information' can discern which narrative is the correct one. In other words, they value 'truth as correspondence' as the ultimate way to settle epistemological disagreements. In this paper, I challenge such a view and argue that it does not answer our primary question. I will propose a new standard for historiographic normativity, one that takes Catherine Elgin's notion of understanding and Alva Noë's idea of reorganization at its center. I will further argue that Elgin and Noë's work allows us to bring Arthur Danto's idea of redescription and Louis Mink's notion of understanding from the descriptive to the normative realm.


During the last two decades, the imaging landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved with whole-body imaging techniques such as fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and MRI replacing X-ray skeletal survey. Both imaging modalities have high diagnostic performance at the initial diagnosis of MM and are key players in the identification of patients needing treatment. Diffusion-weighted MRI has a high sensitivity for bone involvement, while 18F-FDG PET/CT baseline parameters carry a strong prognostic value. The advent of more efficient therapeutics, such as immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors, has called for the use of sensitive imaging techniques for monitoring response to treatment. Diffusion-weighted MRI could improve the specificity of MRI for tumor response evaluation, but questions remain regarding its role as a prognostic factor. Performed at key time points of treatment in newly diagnosed MM patients, 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a strong association with relapse risk and survival. The deployment of minimal residual disease detection at the cellular or the molecular level may raise questions on the role of these imaging techniques, which will be addressed. This review summarizes and outlines the specificities and respective roles of MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the management of MM.


The face recognition system of intelligent anti-theft door by the embedded processor S3C6410 platform drive USB camera to capture the face data, it uses AdaBoost algorithm for detecting and classifying face region gradually in Opencv face database. And then, it uses Local Binary Pattern (LBP) operator with LBP image coding to describe the texture feature of local area which can extract facial feature rapidly. In the end, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used for reducing facial feature matrix dimensionality, which reduces the amount of calculation and data quantity and improves the recognition speed greatly at the same time. The unlock part of the Anti-theft door reads data to unlock or alarm. After MATLAB simulation, the system is transplanted to the embedded device, and the results show that the system is stable, fast and efficient, and has a good commercial value.


Simple Summary The traditional way of estimating the carcass composition by complete dissection of muscle, fat and bone is an expensive, time-consuming and inconsistent process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a simple video image analysis (VIA) system to predict the composition and primal cuts using light lamb carcasses. The six cuts of the carcasses were grouped according to their commercial value: high-value cuts (HVC), medium-value (MVC), low-value (LVC) and all of the cuts (AllC). Results showed the ability of the VIA system to estimate the weight and yield of the groups of carcass joints. Abstract Carcass dissection is a more accurate method for determining the composition of a carcass; however, it is expensive and time-consuming. Techniques like VIA are of great interest once they are objective and able to determine carcass contents accurately. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of a flexible VIA system to determine the weight and yield of the commercial value of carcass cuts of light lamb. Photos from 55 lamb carcasses are taken and a total of 21 VIA measurements are assessed. The half-carcasses are divided into six primal cuts, grouped according to their commercial value: high-value (HVC), medium-value (MVC), low-value (LVC) and all of the cuts (AllC). K-folds cross-validation stepwise regression analyses are used to estimate the weights of the cuts in the groups and their lean meat yields. The models used to estimate the weight of AllC, HVC, MVC and LVC show similar results and a k-fold coefficient of determination (k-fold-R2) of 0.99 is achieved for the HVC and AllC predictions. The precision of the weight and yield of the three prediction models varies from low to moderate, with k-fold-R2 results between 0.186 and 0.530, p < 0.001. The prediction models used to estimate the total lean meat weight are similar and low, with k-fold-R2 results between 0.080 and 0.461, p < 0.001. The results confirm the ability of the VIA system to estimate the weights of parts and their yields. However, more research is needed on estimating lean meat yield.


ABSTRACT Racemic samples of chiral five-membered cyclic nitroxides, 2,2,5,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrolidine-1-oxyls bearing one or two 4-hydroxyphenyl groups on the stereogenic centers [C(2) or C(2) & C(5)] adjacent to the NO radical moiety, exist as a racemic conglomerate in the crystalline state, whereas those having one or two 3-hydroxyphenyl groups at the same positions belong to a racemic compound. The key intermolecular interactions in controlling whether these racemates crystallize in a homochiral way or a heterochiral manner have been investigated by X-ray crystallographic analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements.


Abstract Caregivers face challenges communicating and coordinating health-related needs on behalf of persons living with dementia (PLWD). This presentation will highlight capacity building activities at UCHealth, a large academic health system in Colorado and Wyoming, to prepare for pragmatic clinical trials to test integrated health informatics tools to improve the care of PLWD and their family caregivers. We will describe foundational activities of: 1) convening diverse patient and family caregivers to identify communication priorities and refine health informatics tools, 2) engaging health system leaders to develop a system-based value proposition, and 3) partnering with health informatics teams to adapt tools (i.e., dementia registry, refined patient portal tools) and implement reports of pragmatic outcomes. Through support as an NIA IMPACT Health Care System Scholar, we will discuss lessons learned related to highlighting the preferences of diverse caregivers, especially related to use of health informatics tools in the context of dementia care.


was measured inextracts ofleaves collected before dawn(predawn activity, pa)andatmidday (midday activity, ma). Twenty-three ofthe37species examined showed apa/ma ratio (cO.75, while only Capsicum frutescens, Cucumis sativa, Glycine max,Nicotiana tabacum, Vigna unguiculata, and3Solanum species showed apa/ma ratio cO.5. Phaseolus vulgaris consistently showed apa/ma ratio ofO.1. Activities andpa/ma ratios of thesamespecies grownintheUnited States andtheUnited Kingdom werevery similar. Gelfiltration ofextracts before assay hadnoeffect on theobserved activities andthepa/ma ratios. Thesedata areconsistent withthehypothesis that inanumber ofspecies theenzyme ispartially inhibited following thenight period bythepresence ofatight-binding inhibitor.


We show that the m = N/2 subset of the Dicke states could be chosen to define an N-qubit maximally entangled pure state since it retains the properties of both the GHZ and W states which make these two states main canditate for maximally entangled pure states of different entanglement measures. On the one hand, it retains the "genuineness" property of a GHZ state where tracing out all the subsystems leaves a qubit which is maximally mixed. On the other hand, it also has the "robustness" property of a W state whereby tracing out all but two qubits leaves a state which is still bipartite entangled.