1 Decision field theory (DFT), popular in mathematical psychology, has recently been used in choice 2 modelling for consumer choices and route choices. One of the key differences that DFT has 3 from typical choice models is that it has preference values for each alternative that update over 4 time. This results in a different probability of picking each alternative depending on how long 5 a decision-maker considers their alternatives. Despite this psychologically feasible assumption, 6 computational complexities of calculating the probability of alternatives in a DFT model have re7 sulted in the number of deliberation timesteps often being set to a high value, thus ignoring and 8 failing to utilise the dynamic nature of DFT. However, recent advances in the underlying computa9 tional methods for DFT have allowed for the calculation of alternatives at any time point. Thus, we 10 build on this work by allowing the estimate for the number of deliberation timesteps to vary as a 11 function of the response time of a decision-maker. We demonstrate that DFT model fit can be im12 proved by considering response times using both route choice and conservation programme choice 13 datasets. Consequentially, the dynamic nature of decision field theory could allow it to become an 14 important model for revealed preference datasets such as gap acceptance in driving behaviour. 15 Hancock, Hess and Choudhury 2 INTRODUCTION 1 Decision field theory, first developed in the 1990s (1) is a dynamic, stochastic choice model that 2 updates over time. It considers preference values for each alternative that update with each timestep 3 as the decision-maker considers the different attributes of the alternatives. The decision-maker 4 then comes to a conclusion either when an alternative reaches some satisfactory threshold value 5 or when the decision-maker runs out of time to make the decision. For example, a driver might 6 reach traffic lights at which point they are forced to choice which direction to turn next, even if 7 they are not satisfied with one of the alternatives. Decision field theory has been used extensively 8 in mathematical psychology but has only recently made the transition into choice modelling (2, 3). 9 It was initially used as a model for understanding risky choice decisions with two alternatives with 10 two attributes but has since been expanded to allow for multiple attributes and multiple alternatives 11 (4). It has been used widely across the mathematical psychology literature, having been used to 12 model a variety of choices including decision-making in sport (5), monetary gambles (6), likely 13 crime suspects (7) and consumer decisions (8). There has thus far been limited use of DFT in 14 transport, with a key difficulty having been the calculation of the probability of alternatives. The 15 computationally heavy simulations required have resulted in many applications in mathematical 16 psychology not using DFT's dynamic nature by fixing the number of deliberation timesteps to a 17 high value (7, 9). Arguments have been made, however, that DFT models perform better when 18 a low number of timesteps are used (10). Thus, there has been a requirement to improve the 19 computational methods behind DFT such that the number of timesteps does not need to be set to a 20 high value. 21 One of the first comparisons of DFT against traditional choice models such as multinomial 22 logit found that for most participants, DFT fit the data best (11). This application, however, only 23 considered two alternatives, for which probabilities of alternatives in a DFT model do not require 24 a number of timesteps to be estimated. The first comparison of DFT against traditional choice 25 models for multi-alternative choice also found that DFT performed comparably to multinomial 26 logit, and also probit (2). Again, the number of timesteps was not estimated, as the probability 27 of alternatives were only calculated after the preference values stabilised (which happens under 28 certain assumptions within a DFT model, demonstrated later in this paper). The present paper 29 builds on the latest application of DFT in choice modelling (3), where computational developments 30 demonstrated that the probability of alternatives can be calculated at any moment in a DFT model. 31 Under a decision field theory model, a decision-maker can come to a conclusion and stop 32 deliberating when they reach some internal threshold for one of the alternatives (equivalent to 33 satisficing (12, 13), where a participant chooses one of the alternatives if it is 'good enough'). 34 Alternatively, they might at some point run out of time (for example, reaching the end of an access 35 road and having to choose whether to force their way onto a motorway or wait to be let in by 36 another driver), at which point the alternative with the highest preference value is chosen. 37 Whilst it would be impossible to measure abstract internal preference thresholds, which are 38 set arbitrarily or for convenience in many applications of DFT (4, 10, 14), and are likely to vary 39 amongst decision-makers, it is possible to know the point at which a decision-maker makes their 40 decision. Thus, if we can record how long a decision-maker takes to make a decision, then re41 gardless of whether the decision-maker stopped due to an internal or external stopping point, we 42 know that at the moment they made the decision, under DFT, the alternative they chose had the 43 highest preference value. Whilst we cannot know how many iterations of preference value updat44 ing occurs each second, it is possible to add this in as a function of the response time. In this way, 45 Hancock, Hess and Choudhury 3 combined with avoiding the sacrifice of time being set to infinity, we can restore DFT to being a 1 properly dynamic model in which the time taken to make a decision impacts the probability of each 2 option being selected. This has already been demonstrated to be very effective for understanding 3 participants' (single) travel mode choice (15). 4 There have been some studies considering response time in choice modelling, with systematic 5 differences found depending on the size of the difference between travel times and costs in a choice 6 task compared to those from a reference trip. (16). There have also been suggestions that response 7 times reflect how much cognitive effort a participant uses (17), in which case longer response times 8 would suggest more deterministic behaviour. 9 This paper demonstrates for the first time how the decision-maker's response time can be natu10 rally incorporated into a DFT model such that the probability of alternatives across multiple choices 11 is impacted. The remainder of this paper is organised as follows. First, we present the methodology 12 behind decision field theory, demonstrating how the probability of alternatives are calculated and 13 how this is impacted by the number of deliberation timesteps. Next, we demonstrate how response 14 time can be incorporated into decision field theory models for two typical stated choice datasets. 15 Finally, we conclude by drawing some conclusions and presenting directions for future research. 16 METHODOLOGY 17 In this section we describe how the probability of alternatives are calculated under a decision field 18 theory model and demonstrate how reparameterising the timestep parameter results in a natural 19 method for response time to be incorporated into the model. 20 Basic theory 21 Decision field theory is a dynamic model, meaning that preferences for alternatives accumulate 22 and de-accumulate over time. At each timestep, the preference values are updated as follows: 23 Pt = S ·Pt−1 +Vt (1) The previous values are stored in a column vector, Pt−1, and are multiplied by a feedback matrix, 24 S, after which a valence vector Vt is added. The feedback matrix has two parameters that allow for 25 the attraction, similarity and compromise effects to occur (4) and is defined: 26 S = I−φ2× exp(−φ1×D) (2) where φ1 is a memory parameter and φ2 is a sensitivity parameter. D is the distance between the 27 attributes of the alternatives. D can include a factor to control for the importance of the different 28 attributes (10), but the Euclidean distance between the attributes can also be used to avoid an 29 additional parameter (15). The memory parameter allows for preferences to naturally increase or 30 decline over time. If this value is less than one, preference values stabilise for a large number of 31 timesteps (2, 4). The sensitivity parameter affects how much the alternatives compete with each 32 other, and allows for more similar alternatives to deduct higher amounts of preference from each 33 other. This is in effect a similar concept to a nested logit model, although tests have not yet been 34 carried out to test whether DFT models capture nesting effects as robustly. 35 At each timestep, a decision field theory model assumes that the decision-maker compares a 36 single attribute across all of the alternatives. For example, a decision-maker might attend to the 37 costs of the alternatives at the first time point. This results in a random valence vector at time t, Vt , 38 Hancock, Hess and Choudhury 4 which can be calculated: 1 Vt =C ·M ·Wt + εt (3) where C is a contrast matrix used to rescale the values such that they total zero, M is the matrix of 2 attribute values and Wt = [0..1..0]′ with entry j = 1 if and only if attribute j is the attribute being 3 attended to by the decision-maker at timestep t. This means that a DFT model estimates n− 1 4 weights (where n is the number of attributes), where each weight, w j corresponds to the proportion 5 of time the decision-maker considers attribute j. The total attention time sums to one, therefore 6 the final attribute weight can be calculated once the others are known. As ∑ j w j = 1, a standard 7 uniform distribution X ∼U(0,1) can be used to select which attribu


A factor that has focused international attention on capital punishment in the United States is the infliction of this punishment on foreign nationals. Because of the decline in the use of capital punishment in many states of the world in recent decades, most foreigners who are subjected to capital punishment in the United States are nationals of an abolitionist jurisdiction. These foreign states typically adopt a negative position towards the imposition of capital punishment on their national, even if the offense is quite serious and the proof of guilt is strong. The legal issue most frequently raised by a foreign state in this situation has been consular notification. In many instances of the imposition of capital punishment on foreigners, the state of nationality has objected to such punishment on the ground that the individual had not been informed at the time of arrest of the right of access to the protective services of its consuls. Under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, a treaty to which 163 states are parties, detaining authorities must inform a foreigner, upon detention, of the right to contact the home state consulate for assistance in preparation of a defense. Police in the United States rarely comply with this obligation, however, resulting in the situation that most foreigners presently under death sentences in the United States were not informed of their right of consular access. The issue has been raised in courts in the United States, although to date most challenges to imposition of a death sentence have failed on the ground of having been raised too late in the process, after appeals had been exhausted. Both state and federal courts have refused to entertain claims of a failure of


INTRODUCTION: - Lung cancer is among the five main types of cancer leading to overall cancer mortality contributing about 1.3 million deaths/year globally. There are only few Indian studies on bronchogenic carcinoma in patients below 40 years, describing its pattern and epidemiology. Hence we planned this study to evaluate the profile of lung cancer in patients of age less than 40 years and elderly patients MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study (including retrospective secondary and prospective primary data) using data base of patients of primary lung cancer diagnosed between 1 st January 2006 to 31 st December 2012 in indoor and outdoor of department of Respiratory Medicine, J.L.N. Medical College, Ajmer, a tertiary level hospital and teaching center. RESULTS: - In the present study there were 1418 male and 352 female patients with male: female ratio of 4.03 suggesting that the disease was more common in males.The maximum number of cases (46.89%) were from the 41-60 year age group followed by (39.21%) in 61-80 years. 9.03% patient were below the age of 40 year.


This paper addresses the problem of how the self can know the existence of external reality, an environmental whole called proto-reality, in relation to metaphysical properties, deterministic or not, of worlds that the self can know. The self can only construct an outside within itself. Hence, departing from a solipsistic world where no external reality is assumed, the principle-based generation of external reality is articulated from a given perceptual sequence consisting of indubitable, direct percepts. New, external symbols are derived by an algorithmic rule called inverse causality operating on a given perceptual sequence. Three forms of world arise depending on die applied level of operation of the algorithm: part (the self) or whole (the self plus perceived reality). These include a solipsistic world; a semi-deterministic (positivistic) world composed of the self and what the self can directly discriminate; and a deterministic world composed of the self and what the self can discriminate either directly or indirectly.


In order to better study the internal flow characteristics of centrifugal pump as turbine, CFX software is employed to carry out numerical simulation to obtain flow field under different working conditions for pump as turbine based on the standard k epsilon turbulence model and the SIMPLEC algorithm. The efficiency curves of the pump and pump as turbine are obtained under different working conditions. The results show that the effciency characteristics of the pump change greatly during the process of pumping. The efficiency of the turbine is higher than that of the pump under the respective optimal operating conditions. The internal flow characteristics of a turbine change greatly with the change of flow. By analyzing the related parameters in the internal flow structure, the internal characteristics of the turbine under different flow conditions are showed.


Abstract A practical and convenient synthesis of the fungicidal natural compound farinomalein is described starting from readily available ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate and triethyl phosphonoacetate, employing a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons condensation as the key step. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Activity Recognition (AR) aims at deriving high-level knowledge about human activities and the situation in the human's environment. Although being a well-established research field, several basic issues are still insufficiently solved, including extensibility of an AR system at runtime, adaption of classification models to a very specific behaviour of a user, or utilising of all information available, including other AR systems within range. To overcome these limitations, the cooperation of AR systems including sporadic interaction with humans and consideration of other information sources is proposed in this article as a basic new way to lead to a new generation of "smart" AR systems. Cooperation of AR systems will take place at several stages of an AR chain: at the level of recognised motion primitives (e.g. arm movement), at the level of detected low-level activities (e.g. writing), and/or at the level of identified high-level activities (e.g. participating in a meeting). This article outlines a possible architectural concept, describes the resulting challenges, and proposes a research roadmap towards cooperative AR systems.


EU's own resources create the base of the European budget revenues. Traditional resources of the European budget are decreas ing. The current status of own resources is both inconvenient and confusing. A new concept of environmental taxes can serve as a new EU ́s own resource. This concept would lead to more transparent financing of the EU budget and bet ter environmental protection. In combination with an application of the pri nc ple of the fiscal neutrality, which consists in a collateral reduction of certain direct taxes, the tax could accelerate economic growth. The concept of the EU ́s own resources reform through an introduction of the environmental tax in the amount of 1% of GDP, accompanied by parallel decreasing of the tax burde n by the same amount has been proposed. Calculations of macroeconomic effect s have been executed with help of the computable general equilibrium model wi th the focus on Slovakia.


The appearance of transnational competition makes governments' antimonopoly mode change from structuralism into behaviorism. In order to pursue the effect of scale economy in international competition, governments have begun to loosen the control of monopoly. Begin with the relativity of monopoly and competition, this article analyze the cause of the prohibitive effects on antimonopoly policy from transnational competition, and put forward that the monopoly in transnational competition can promote enterprises' competence, so it should not be intervened by governments. This is of some illumination for us to re understand the role of monopoly and the purpose of antimonopoly.


Lindner, I., Drouin, H., Tanguay, A. F. N., Stamenova, V. and Davidson, P. S. R. (2015). Source and destination memory: Two sides of the same coin? Memory, 23, 563–576. doi:10. 1080/09658211.2014.911329 After the article was published, a systematic error in scoring the data was discovered. In the scoring scheme, source and destination memory scores were reversed in one of the 12 counterbalancing combinations. The authors therefore corrected these systematic errors and also double-checked all data, again. This resulted in a change of around 4% of the total data (3.77% due to the systematic errors, 0.49% due to unsystematic errors). Data from all three experiments were affected, but the means only changed slightly and therefore the pattern of results did not change in general. Nevertheless, the following main qualitative changes in terms of pushing p-values from above to below the threshold of .05 occurred:


A water distribution system is an interconnected collection of storage tanks, pipes, and hydraulic control elements (e.g. pumps, valves, regulators) delivering water to the consumers in prescribed quantities and at desired pressures. Reliability analysis of a water distribution system is concerned with measuring its ability to meet consumers' demands in terms of quantity and quality, under normal and low flow conditions. This paper presents an approach to optimal operation of water networks in order to increase reliability by pressure management and adding pipes between nodes in the network. As the decision variables have several attributes, the utility of them could be used by the decision makers in form of Nash products. The developed methodology is used by combination of the Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Cost of piping, amount of leakage and water network reliability are considered in the objective function of the model. In the proposed methodology, the results of the EPANET hydraulic simulation model are used to train the ANNs based simulation model. This model is then linked to the GA based optimization model to develop the optimized piping extensions and pressure in each node. The proposed model is applied to a hypothetical water distribution network but it can be used in real world problems.


In the video-based multi-target tracking, the uncertainty of the target moving states is the difficulty of multi-target tracking. At present, data association algorithm is commonly used to resolve this problem. Aiming at multi-target state judgment and occlusion problem, this paper proposes a multi-target tracking algorithm based on multi-feature associated matrix reasoning. This algorithm first applies the fusion of multiple visual features for target modeling. These features are complementary and redundancy to each other. And then deduce multi-target states through establishing multi-feature associated matrix. Finally judge and deal with concrete occlusions. Compared with traditional data association algorithms, this algorithm is more stable and real-time. The experimental results show that this algorithm can realize robust multi-target tracking in different states, and resolve the occlusion problem effectively.


Based in the review of research progress of Chinese urban land value appraisal and its shortcoming, Dynamic monitorthe change of city land value being very essential work was been pointed out in this paper, in the practices of renewal in appraisalland value of Hangzhou city. The geographical information system (GIS) technique was applied in the construction of the dynamicmonitor information system for changing of urban land value which based on the net of the standard lot. changing information ofthe condition for land use. The model of relationship between the land value and its influence factors. The result of the applica-tion study enunciation that a valid technique tool was provided not only for the dynamic monitoring urban land value, but also forthe real estate market to be adjusted and controlled by the government.


1 Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, et al. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981; 30: 239–245. 2 Sidoroff A, Dunant A, Viboud C, et al. Risk factors for acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)results of a multinational case-control study (EuroSCAR). Br J Dermatol. 2007; 157: 989–996. 3 Weedon D. The vesiculobullous reaction pattern. In: Weedon D, ed. Skin Pathology, 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 2002; 151–152. 4 Roujeau JC, Bioulac-Sage P, Bourseau C, et al. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Analysis of 63 cases. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127: 1333–1338. 5 Kardaun SH, Kuiper H, Fidler V, et al. The histopathological spectrum of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and its differentiation from generalized pustular psoriasis. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 37: 1220–1229. 6 Kowalski ML, Makowska JS, Blanca M, et al. Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – classification, diagnosis and management: review of the EAACI/ENDA and GA2LEN/HANNA. Allergy 2011; 66: 818–829. 7 Pakdeethai J, Ho SA, Aw D, et al. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis-like, folliculitic drug reaction pattern caused by celecoxib. Dermatol Ther 2011; 24: 505–507. 8 Shin HT, Park SW, Lee KT, et al. A case of celecoxib induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Ann Dermatol 2011; 23 (Suppl.): 380–382. 9 Yang CC, Lee JY, Chen WC. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis caused by celecoxib. J Formos Med Assoc 2004; 103: 555–557. 10 Momin SB, Del Rosso JQ, Michaels B, et al. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: an enigmatic druginduced reaction. Cutis 2009; 83: 291–298. 11 Cherif Y, Jallouli M, Mseddi M, et al. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by piroxicam: a case report. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46: 232–233.


With the increase of population and development of economy along coastal wetland in Yancheng,the extent of wetland utilization becomes more intensely.Based on the macroscopic analysis from the time variation and the spatial difference angle to present situation of the seacoast wetland resources utilization in Yancheng city,ecology effect that water environment and biodiversity are influenced by wetland resources utilization is specifically analyzed in the paper.And the result indicated that water quality unceasingly worsens and biodiversity receives serious threat,the coastal wetland landscape mottling number increases,and the average mottling area reduces,and the broken degree enlarges.Subsequently,the ecological cybernetics measures are proposed as follows: ecological planning and design,ecological industry and ecosystem management and so on.The irrationality utilization of seacoast wetland resources is existence,and the ultimate purpose is to provide an effective model and measure for coastal wetlands utilization,and to diminish multiple kinds of environment pressure and to realize sustainable utilization of coastal wetland resources in Yancheng.


According to the definition of WHO (World Health Organization), Taiwan is currently an aging society (over 7% of its population is 65 or older). This ratio is estimated to increase up to nearly 40% by 2051. As an aging society, Taiwan must be seriously concerned about issues of helping its elderly live comfortably and reducing the severe consequences such a burden will have on the economy and the health care system. Taiwan presently promotes policies to safeguard the quality of life for the elderly, including institutional elderly care. The main purpose of this study is to examine the safety of elderly. An elderly safeguard system in professional elderly care institutions has been designed using RFID (radio frequency identification) technology. This system can follow elderly subjects equipped with RFID tags and use this data to develop behavioral models through long-term observation. This system informs institutional caregivers when abnormal situations are detected. Consequently, the institution can take necessary steps to relieve or reduce such abnormal situations.


This study examined school characteristics and secondary school teachers' work effectiveness in Abi Local Government Area of Cross River State. Specifically, the study examined the influence of school location, school population, and school ownership on secondary school teachers' work effectiveness respectively. Three research questions were posed and three null hypotheses were formulated accordingly to guide the study. The design adopted for the study was a descriptive survey research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 156 respondents out of a population of 549 teachers. A questionnaire titled "Teachers' work effectiveness questionnaire" (TWEQ) was used as an instrument for data collection. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while the null hypotheses were all tested at .05 level of significance using the independent t-test statistical technique. The results of the analysis revealed that school characteristics such as location, population, and ownership, influenced secondary school teachers' work effectiveness respectively. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that; teachers should be motivated using intrinsic and extrinsic channels such as praises, rewards for outstanding performance, regular payment of salaries, promotion and other incentives such as improved working conditions, good classroom, and office environment, and so on, for improved work performance.


Due to radical advancement of sensor network technologies, smart home service market has been growing than ever before, that enables our life easier, simpler, and safer. Floor sensors in houses have been developed to locate user presense and to provide location-based, context-awaring scenarios as well as to minimize privacy invasion. However, there is an installation cost and user identication issues where the sensors are installed on whole floor and have low scanning resolution. In this paper, we propose a novel smart home sensor system with a smart-textile-based, foot-mat-shaped user identification sensor, which equipped wireless communication capability and have less limitation on installation places. Our smart mat based smart home scenarios are suggested.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of sodium hyaluronate injection in the treatment of flexor tendon stenosing tenosynovitis.Methods Twenty patients(25 digits) with flexor tendon stenosing tenosynovitis were divided into Ⅰ~Ⅲ grades according to the severity of the disease.There were 5 males and 15 females with an average age of 23.6 years.Twenty five fingers means 12 thumbs,2 index fingers,4 middle fingers,6 ring fingers and 1 pinkie.A certain amount of sodium hyaluronate had been injected into all the flexor tendon sheaths for one course of treatment.All the patients were followed up with an average of 6.5 months ranged from 4 to 12 months.Results The symptoms of 20 patients were alleviated after a needle injection of sodium hyaluronate.In 19 cases the symptoms disappeared at the end of the week after one course of treatment.One case had still some restricted activities with mild pain.Conclusion A good curative effect can be obtained in the treatment of flexor tendon stenosing tenosynovitis with sodium hyaluronate injection.


As is the nature of an interdisciplinary academic journal, this issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding again presents a range of scholarly work reflecting IJSW's disciplinary breadth and the different approaches of scholars to both signage and wayfinding research. The title of this issue, "Wayfinding, Public Art, Contextualization, and Communicating Neighborhood Identities," conveys a number of important but seemingly disparate research topics that on closer inspection show a surprising degree of overlap.


In review of the fuzzy factors bidding for construction contracted projects that affects bidding decision-making outcome,this paper intends to put forward the fuzzy analogical synthetical evaluation models and evaluation methods,and meanwhile explain the application of the models through examples by introducing the fuzzy analogical analytical evaluation methods calculating foundation weights.


Type III bursts are one of the early discovered forms of solar radio emission and observed in the impulsive phase of solar flares. The characteristics of these bursts are that these are emitted on the fundamental and second harmonics mode. It is believed 1) that fundamental plasma emission occurs through the decay L → T+S of a Langmuir wave L into an ion-sound wave S and a transverse electromagnetic wave T . Second harmonics emission occurs through the coalescence process L + L′ → T of two Langmuir waves, L and L′, to produce a transverse electromagnetic wave T . Recently Gyoubu et al. 2) showed by using a 2-D EM PIC code that electromagnetic waves (R-mode) can be emitted from Langmuir waves generated by the electron beam (velocity:0.5 ∼ 0.7c) instability. They concluded that the second harmonics electromagnetic waves can be generated by a new nonlinear process, called the plasma maser. In the recent Type III observation, Poquerusse 3) reported that electron beam speed causing related to electromagnetic wave emission is close to 0.8c, which will lead us to examine the possible effect of the relativistic electron beam (Lorentz factor: γ = 1.7). In the present paper, we investigate by using a 2-D EM PIC code, whether electromagnetic waves on the fundamental and second harmonics mode can be generated from such a relativistic electron beam.


Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease with a high disease burden, is one of the most common dermatological conditions in Japan. Herein, we report the disease profiles and current AD treatment during 2‐year management of Japanese adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD. ADDRESS‐J was a prospective, longitudinal, observational study that evaluated real‐world effectiveness and safety of current AD treatments of adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD (Investigator's Global Assessment score 3 or 4) in Japan. The maximum follow‐up period was 2 years. Among 300 patients enrolled, 288 had ≥1 post‐baseline evaluation and were analyzed (mean age, 35.5 years; 60.1% male). Almost all patients (99.7%) received topical therapy; the most commonly used therapy was topical corticosteroids of the second‐highest potency (86.5%) (e.g., 0.1% mometasone furoate) followed by medium‐potency topical corticosteroids (50.3%) (e.g., 0.05% clobetasol butyrate). At month 12 of the study, 10.4% of patients had Investigator's Global Assessment 0/1, similarly at month 24 (10.8%). A total of 132 patients (45.8%) had ≥1 AD flare‐up during the observation period, with the majority of first flares occurring within the first year of the study. Various physician‐ and patient‐reported outcomes improved considerably during the first 3 months of the study, with only minor changes after this time. In this cohort, 16.7% of patients had skin infections requiring treatment; 7.3% had adverse events (AE) potentially related to treatment; 1.7% had serious AE; and 1.0% had treatment discontinuations due to AE. Limitations include missing data at later timepoints and the inclusion criteria limiting generalizability. In summary, this analysis of the ADDRESS‐J study showed that some patients with moderate or severe AD respond to conventional therapies, while others do not. For those with inadequately controlled moderate‐to‐severe AD, the newly emerged systemic agents, such as biologics, may provide a potential strategy for long‐term disease management.


A 60GHz surface wave reduced type antenna is presented which can be used in a 3D system in package (SiP) with a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. Using a simple magnetic current model, we derive the surface wave reduction condition of our design and show that the LTCC substrate has a very similar condition to the derived condition. Using the result, we design a very simply structured surface wave reduced circular patch antenna. The conventional rectangular patch array antenna is also designed and measured for the purpose of comparison with the designed surface wave reduction type antenna.


Transition rates for 321 lines between 345 and 1080 nm from 73 levels of Ho i are presented. They have been measured by combining branching fractions obtained by Fourier transform spectrometry with lifetimes of Den
 Hartog
 [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B6, 2278 (1999)]. The uncertainty of the transition rates is 5%–10%.


The importance of spatial data science and Geo-AI is growing with the rise of spatial and spatiotemporal big data (e.g., trajectories, remote-sensing images, census and geo-social media) [1-2]. Societal use cases include Agriculture (global crop monitoring, precision agriculture), Location-based services (e.g., navigation, ride-sharing), Public Health (e.g., monitoring disease spread), Environment and Climate (change detection, land-cover classification), Smart Cities (e.g., mapping buildings), etc. [1-2] Classical data science and AI (e.g., machine learning) often perform poorly when applied to spatial data sets because of the many reasons [1-5]. First, spatial data is embedded in a continuous space and classical statistics (e.g., correlation) are not robust to the modifiable areal unit problem. Second, spatial data-items have extended footprints (e.g., line strings, polygons) and implicit relationships (e.g., distance, touch). Third, high cost of spurious patterns requires guardrails (e.g., statistical significance tests) to reduce false positives. Furthermore, spatial autocorrelation and variability violate the classical assumption of data samples being generated independently from identical distributions, which risk models that are either inaccurate or inconsistent with the data. Thus, new methods are needed to analyze spatial data [1-5]. This talk surveys common and emerging methods for spatial classification and prediction (e.g., spatial autoregression, spatial decision trees [6], spatial variability aware neural networks [7]), as well as techniques for discovering interesting, useful and non-trivial patterns such as hotspots (e.g., circular, linear, arbitrary shapes [8]), interactions (e.g., co-locations [9], tele-connections), spatial outliers [10], and their spatio-temporal counterparts [3].


AbstractThis paper is largely tutorial, working from Karl Menger's concepts of "consistent classes of pairs" and outlining a paired function statistical model (PFSM). This model is related to a variety of approaches to statistical inference existing in the literature, and serves the same purposes as several of them. Like several other methods, the PFSM allows the derivation of probability distributions for parameters, given observations which can be substituted into the model. The PFSM explicitly specifies a pairing of the ranges of both "parameters" and "statistics', with a common domain. This pairing is equivalent to specifying the values of model parameters explicitly as functions of the values of statistics. The explicit specification of the model allows arbitrary choices of pairs of functions belonging to a consistent class of pairs of functions. The inference procedure amounts to using observations as the basis for the arbitrary choice of pairs of functions. The procedure resembles fiducial procedur...


Steel is and will continue to be an indispensable material for society due to its characteristics such as recyclability, durability and versatility. These properties make it a material "permanently" available to future generations. Even during the expected transition of the energy sector towards renewable sources, steel will continue to have a role to play. Publicly available information confirms that the steel stock worldwide has to increase twice or three times, in order to allow developing countries reaching the living standards of the developed regions.


Numerous parties associated with the execution of the action involved, a method of executing a transaction (200) includes a first party step of requesting execution of the start transaction (202), action. Another step includes the question to the second party for a given preference in the first party (204). Yet another step includes a third party selection of executing the requested action (206). This selection is based, at least in part, on predetermined preferences. Yet another step includes contacting (208) the third party via a secure portal, and arrange for execution of the requested action by the third party. A further step, after the execution, including the acquisition of the execution acknowledgment from the first party (210), and the transmission of the execution acknowledgment by the second party via a secure portal. In addition, the system is also disclosed.


The characteristics of secondary particles produced in ..pi../sup -/C interactions at 40 GeVc are analyzed as functions of the target mass. The average multiplicity of secondary charged pions and the average values of the squares of the transverse momenta of the ..pi../sup -/ mesons and protons are studied as functions of the square of the total energy S/sub ..pi..//sub <-/C$ in the center-of-mass system. The results are compared with the predictions of QCD


This paper introduces the second Literature Compass panel cluster arising from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition. Comprising an introduction by Gary Stringer and three of the papers presented at the symposium, this cluster seeks to examine the current state of Donne Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. The symposium was held April 6–7, 2006.

The cluster is made up of the following articles:

'Introduction to the Second Donne Cluster: Three Papers from The Texas A&M John Donne Collection: A Symposium and Exhibition', Gary A. Stringer, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00551.x.

'Donne into Print: The Seventeenth-Century Collected Editions of Donne's Poetry', Ted-Larry Pebworth, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00552.x.

'"a mixed Parenthesis": John Donne's Letters to Severall Persons of Honour', M. Thomas Hester, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00553.x.

'What We Think About Donne: A History of Donne Criticism in Twenty Minutes', Paul A. Parrish, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00554.x.


When conducting research on numerical simulation of seismic response for 3D subterranean tunnel,the different calculation limits have an enormous affect on results.The discussion on calculation limit for peripheral mountains of a hydraulic engineering tunnel was carried out by using ANSYS finite element software.Under the hypothesis that assuring boundary condition is rigidity,analyzing different calculation limits can concluded that it may be considered that the model's boundary limits are reasonable when tunnel side limit reached ten times of tunnel width and bottom thickness was one time of tunnel height.


The Ganye(self-recommondation) atmosphere of literati has certain continuous and positive effects on the devel-opment of Tang literature,of course,negative effects as well.The Ganye action itself does not serve the development of lit-erature directly,but focuses on the benefits that the one who proceeded the action could get.The literal composition for Ganye is a kind of instrumentalism then.The thesis analyzed the negative effects of Ganye atmosphere on the development of Tang literature through three aspects that are the weakening of artistic character,instrumentalism of literature and weakness of rational and academic backgrounds.


Holy Sabbath, the eve of Easter, celebrates the burial of Christ, when his body
remained in the tomb. But the homilists of the Early Church also celebrated it as the
time when Christ did battle with Death and, as conqueror of Hades, liberated the
dead. In this homily Amphilochius follows tradition in referring to this aspect of the
celebration of Holy Sabbath, but at the same time dedicates a large part of the
homily to a polemic against the Jews, pointing out the futility of their doing battle
against a 'dead' Christ by guarding his tomb. The homily exhibits a strong rhetorical
character, including several images and personifications, while in his polemic against
the Jews the preacher bestows a dramatic dimension on his homily by means of
apostrophe and dialogue. The paper offers a translation in English accompanied by a
running commentary, both translation and commentary following the general
structure of the homily.


Electronics waste is becoming a major global issue. Huge accumulation of e-waste and its recycling through primitive means for extraction of precious metals are a real concern in the developing countries due to the presence of hazardous materials in e-waste. The major portion of e-waste generated domestically as well as illegally imported is recycled in a crude manner leading to pollution of the environment. Current practices of e-waste management in India encounters many challenges like the difficulty in inventorization, ineffective regulations, pathetic and unsafe conditions of informal recycling, poor awareness of consumers, and reluctance on part of stakeholders to address the issues. As a result, toxic materials enter waste stream with no special precautions to avoid the known adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Resources are wasted when economically valuable materials are dumped. This chapter highlights the hazards caused due to improper handling of e-wastes and also describes some appropriate measures to be adopted for its management and safe disposal.


A tutorial introduction to the function and construction of communications software in modern teleprocessing systems is presented, Communication functions include network control, message preprocessing and queuing, and error recovery. These functions are provided by the communication subsystem, which includes components of the supervisory system, special-purpose software, and cooperating peripheral processors. The construction of communication subsystems is described, including aspects of both software and hardware, in the context of a multiprogramming and multiprocessing environment. The application of distributed-function processing, virtual memory, and segmentation techniques to the design of these subsystems is discussed.


The study aimed to identify the degree of awareness of basic grade teachers about reading difficulties. The study included 151 teachers. The researcher prepared the study tool, and its validity and reliability indications were verified. The results indicated a moderate to high degree of awareness. The results revealed that males are more aware than females of the characteristics. The study recommended the necessity of educating teachers about the difficulties of reading and identifying the teachers' needs necessary to teach this group of students.


Electronic communication training techniques are a relatively new approach to learning. The basics notions remain the same, only the means of transmitting and acquiring knowledge changes. Using information and communication systems for education means attaching to the learning process the element of freedom: students can learn when and where they wish. About motivation, pedagogical studies show that in general all training systems, classical or modern, are unmotivated. Viewed in this aspect, e-Learning systems are no exception. Conclusion: an elearning system is unmotivated. Considering all these elements we propose a conceptual model for EDU-RES. Initiated in 2006, Research and Teacher Education for Business & Economics (EDU-RES) is a interdisciplinary master programme in English promotes professional development.


The sections in this article are:

1
Morphology of Vasopressinergic Neurons
1.1
Localization

1.2
Cellular Morphology

1.3
Glial–Neuronal Interactions

1.4
Posterior Pituitary Morphology

2
Synthesis of Vasopressin
2.1
Vasopressin Gene

2.2
Regulation of Vasopressin mRNA

2.3
Processing, Packaging, and Transport to the Neural Lobe

3
Release of Antidiuretic Hormone
3.1
Electrophysiological Characteristics of Vasopressin Neurons

3.2
Stimulus–Secretion Coupling in the Neural Lobe

3.3
Dendritic Release

4
Regulation of Vasopressin Secretion
4.1
Afferents to Magnocellular Vasopressin Neurons

4.2
Neurochemicals Regulating Secretion

4.3
Neuropeptides in Afferent Pathways

4.4
Osmoregulatory Pathways and Mechanisms

4.5
Pressure/Volume-Regulatory Pathways

4.6
Other Ascending Pathways

4.7
Other Physiological Regulators

4.8
Steroid hormones


Wistar rats were rearing in conditions of social isolation from others beginning with 20th day of life till adulthood (90-100 days). In adult rats, a conditioned place preference (CPP) of ethanol (0.5 g/kg ip) was trained, and behavior in open field, elevated plus maze and intruder-resident test was examined. Intranasal administration of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a peptide ghrelin antagonist (10 µg in 20 µl), to isolated rats blocked formation and expression (recovery) of CPP of ethanol that supported participation of ghrelin system in regulation of positive reinforcement activated by ethanol. Intranasal administration of ghrelin (20 µg in 20 µl) to rats reared in conditions of social isolation produced a typical anxiogenic effect, elevated exploratory activity, aggression signs and reduction of communicative behavior. In rats reared in conditions of social isolation, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a ghrelin antagonist, possessed anxiolytic effect, reduced explorative activity, communicative behavior and aggression. It is concluded that ghrelin system of the brain participates in control of emotional, explorative behavior and motor activity in rats rearing in conditions of social isolation stress.


IN the February number of this Jouroal,':!notice was given of the discovery of the fragmentary remains of a large Pcecilo· pod in the Utica slate and its identification with the Eur.ypte. rida, a provisional reference bei ng made to the genus Euryptents. A review of this and the genera of its order shows that none of them present the characters seen in the remarkable cephalic appendage from which the genus now proposed derives its name.


Cross-Lingual Retrieval Question Answering (CL-ReQA) is concerned with retrieving answer documents or passages to a question written in a different language. A common approach to CL-ReQA is to create a multilingual sentence embedding space such that question-answer pairs across different languages are close to each other. In this paper, we propose a novel CL-ReQA method utilizing the concept of language knowledge transfer and a new cross-lingual consistency training technique to create a multilingual embedding space for ReQA. To assess the effectiveness of our work, we conducted comprehensive experiments on CL-ReQA and a downstream task, machine reading QA. We compared our proposed method with the current state-of-the-art solutions across three public CL-ReQA corpora. Our method outperforms competitors in 19 out of 21 settings of CL-ReQA. When used with a downstream machine reading QA task, our method outperforms the best existing language-model-based method by 10% in F1 while being 10 times faster in sentence embedding computation. The code and models are available at https://github.com/ mrpeerat/CL-ReLKT .


The corrosion rate of structural steels in the hostile environments of the coastal, harbour or ocean zones effects the economic interest of offshore structures since both the loss of steel and pitting may have significant impacts on structural safety and performance. With the increasing emphasis to maintain existing structures in service for longer periods of time and hence to defer replacement costs, there is increasing interest in predicting corrosion rate at a given location for a given period of exposure once the protection (coating or cathodic protection) is lost. A more accurate approach for engineering purposes is to develop predictive corrosion allowance based on corrosion science, marine microbiology and good quality field data. The immersion depth, salinity, steel composition and water pollution will be taken into account to obtain useful data. The underlying approach is probabilistic because the input is not known precisely and may be natural phenomena such as weather conditions.


Abstract : Logistics has played a crucial role throughout the course of military history. In the conduct of warfare, the military professional and strategist have compiled and developed a list of principles which are used to conduct warfare. The accepted principles have varied in number over the years from two to the nine we currently regard as the main principals of war. However, the list is incomplete, in that it does not include the concept of logistics. Logistics is critical to every level of warfare: tactical, operational and strategic. However, it is at the operational level of war that logistics is the most important. Logistics has improved greatly over the years. As we developed new principles of war for such emerging missions including operations other than war(OOTW), we have neglected to include logistics as one of them. This is the case, despite the fact that the majority of operational art endeavors are primarily logistics driven. (AN)


ABSTRACT An original probe design for multimode optical fiber sensors, making use of a transducer, is presented. The probe is constituted by two facing quarter pitch graded-index (GRIN) microlenses which confine the transducer: the first GRIN is fixed to the fiber, while the other has a reflecting end face. The resultant micro-optical system works as a "nearly autofocusing cavity", which improves the coupling between the fiber and the transducer and shows a relatively low insertion loss. 1. INTRODUCTION Multimode optical fiber sensors often make use of a transducer coupled to the fiber, which provides the intensity modulation of the ligbt guided by the fiber as a function of the physical or chemical parameter to be measured'1~3).Solid transducers are generally glued to the fiber and a reflecting surface provides the backtransmission of the intensity modulated light; liquid transducers are confined in probes or membranes wrapping the fiber. The light generally crosses twice the transducer, being reflected by a mirrored surface at the probe end.Because of the numerical aperture of the fiber a loss in the reflected light must be taken into account, apart from the modulation due to the transducer. Moreover, the presence of a beam splitter and of connectors, along with Fresnel reflections at the fiber end, introduce additional losses in the sensing signal, causing a low signal-to-noise ratio.The present paper is concerned with the description of an original probe design, which improves the coupling between the fiber and the transducer, minimizing the losses. Such a probe is suitable both for solid and for liquid transducers. In particular, the probe realization and the correspondent tests have been carried out with an optical fiber temperature sensor(4) which utilizes as transducer a thermochromic solution.


Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Minimal Topographic Surfaces for Directed Self-assembly of Cylinder-forming Block Copolymer Thin films with Lateral Order JAEWON CHOI, KENNETH CARTER, THOMAS RUSSELL, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst — Controlling the orientation of cylinder-forming block copolymer microdomains in thin films is important for block copolymer applications such as lithographic masks and bit patterned media. However, it is still challenging to produce perfectly ordered cylindrical microdomains with perpendicular orientation over very large areas by using topographical surfaces. Here, we investigate the generation of a single hexagonal array of cylindrical poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) microdomains with perpendicular orientation on minimally patterned surfaces over large areas by thermal annealing without a brush layer. Key factors, such as pattern dimension and film thickness, emerge as being critical for inducing a single grain of perpendicular orientation of PS-b-PEO microdomains over large areas. We systematically investigated the effect of pattern dimension on the generation of perpendicular cylindrical PS-bPEO microdomains. Furthermore, by solvent vapor annealing, we produced a single grain of parallel cylindrical PS-b-PEO microdomains over large areas on the same minimally patterned surfaces. This simple approach can be an alternative route to achieve the desired orientation of cylinder-forming block copolymer microdomains over large areas. Jaewon Choi Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Date submitted: 12 Nov 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


The effects of a discontinuous cylinder geometry on the near wake structures was investigated experimentally. This 'discontinuous' circular cylinder has gaps so that solid segments 5D long are followed by gaps 2.5D long, in a repeating pattern, where D is the diameter of the cylinder. A thin steel plate was used to hold all of the cylinder pieces together. Thus, a three-dimensional (3D) wake was created at the origin with the intent to force the near wake flow to have similar structural characteristics as the far wake behind an 'infinite/continuous' cylinder, i.e., a near wake flow with horseshoes or double rollers formed by rapid kinking of Karman-like vortices. Since the kinetic energy associated with the fluctuations of these near-wake 3D vortical structures is high, the flow system is considered suitable to clarify the role of these velocity patterns in the entrainment process of wake flows, which is still the subject of controversy. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Hot-Wire Anemometry (HWA) techniques were used to analyze the flow at two Reynolds numbers, Re = 10000 and 4000, in the wake of the discontinuous cylinder up to x/D = 190 downstream. The development of double rollers resulting from the interaction between the high momentum flow through the gaps and the Karman-like vortices formed behind the solid cylindrical segments was confirmed. The Strouhal number of the double rollers in the wake is 0.14. These vortices have a dominant role in the initial wake growth. Thus, the overall flow dynamics are similar to the momentum transfer that takes place at the scale of the intermittent turbulent bulges that protrude from the wake in the far region and that were reported to be associated with double rollers.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), one of the most important swine pathogens, is distributed world wide. Alone, MH is relatively benign, but associated with other pathogens, which is almost always the case in field situations, it may cause serious losses. The combination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and MH is particularly important in respiratory problems of grow-finish pigs. Different strains of MH exist, but their significance remains to be evaluated. Transmiswhen vaccinated. It is possible to produce MH-negative pigs from infected herds and to eradicate the organism without total depopulation.


Visualizing long-term acoustic data has been an important subject in the field of equipment surveillance and equipment diagnosis. This paper proposes a distortion-based visualization method of long-term acoustic data. We applied the method to 1 hour observation data of electric discharge sound, and our method could visualize the sound data more intelligibly as compared with conventional methods.


Two distinguish theorem of robust stability for discreteem are put forward in this paper. The first-order discrete nonlinear systems with uncertainties and second-order discrete nonlinear systems with uncertainties are researched, respectively, the discrete robust controller is designed, and the constrained conditions for control gain and sample frequency are given, the sensitivity of sample frequency is defined. The simulation results prove that the performance is improved when the sample frequency increases.


The goal of this study was to evaluate regionalisation methods that could be used for modelling catchment inflows into Lake Victoria. WASMOD, a conceptual water balance model, was applied to nine gauged sub-basins in Lake Victoria basin in order to test the transferability of model parameters between the basins using three regionalisation approaches. Model calibration was carried out within the GLUE (generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation) framework for uncertainty assessment. The analysis was carried out for the period 1967–2000. Parameter transferability was assessed by comparing the likelihood values of regionalised simulations with the values under calibration for each basin. WASMOD performed well for all study sub-basins with Nash–Sutcliffe values ranging between 0.70 and 0.82. Transferability results were mixed. For the proxy-basin method, the best performing parameter donor basin was Mara with four proxy basins giving acceptable results. Sio, Sondu, Gucha and Duma also performed well. The global mean method gave acceptable performance for seven of the nine study basins. The ensemble regionalisation method provides the possibility to consider parameter uncertainty in the regionalisation. Ensemble regionalisation method performed best with an average departure of 40% from the observed mean annual flows compared to 48 and 60% for proxy-basin and global mean methods, respectively. doi: 10.2166/nh.2012.152 s://iwaponline.com/hr/article-pdf/44/5/789/370515/789.pdf Michael Kizza (corresponding author) Henry K. Ntale School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com Michael Kizza Jose-Luis Guerrero Allan Rodhe Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden Chong-yu Xu Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway


The invention provides a voice message search method, device and server. The method comprises the following steps: extracting the voice features of a target voice in a voice information library so as to generate a feature descriptor of the target voice; obtaining a feature descriptor of a to-be-identified voice, and taking the searched target voice corresponding to the feature descriptor matched with the feature descriptor of the to-be-identified voice as a target candidate set corresponding to the to-be-identified voice; and selecting a search result of the to-be-identified voice from the target candidate set according to a predetermined rule. According to the voice message search method, device and server, the query efficiency can be optimized and the voice search speed can be improved.


This paper provides a comparative empirical examination of integration in twenty major city police agencies over a 14-year time period. The data indicate that in these twenty agencies, obvious and measurable progress toward affirmative action goals has been realized. Nonetheless, nonwhites as agroup are still underrepresented by about 50o%, Hacks are underrepresented about 67%, and females are underrepresented by about 85%.


An ink-jet printer has an inkjet printing unit for record ing an image by attaching ink onto a recording medium in accordance with data, photo-sensors for determining whether the recording medium is an overhead projector film or a normal paper sheet by utilizing the difference in light-transmitting properties therebetween, and a central processing unit for controlling the density of the image recorded by the ink-jet printing unit in accor dance with the determination result of the photo-sen SOS.


The Pierre Auger Observatory is planned to be upgraded so that the energy spectrum of cosmic rays can be studied down to 0.1 EeV and the muon component of showers can be determined. The former will lead to a spectrum measured by one technique from 0.1 EeV to beyond 100 EeV while the latter will aid identification of the primary particles. These enhancements consist of three high elevation telescopes (HEAT) and an infilled area having both surface detectors and underground muon counters (AMIGA). The surface array of the Auger Observatory will be enhanced over a 23.5 km2 area by 85 detector pairs laid out as a graded array of water-Cherenkov detectors and 30 m2 buried muon scintillator counters. The spacings in the array will be 433 and 750 m. The muon detectors will comprise highly segmented scintillators with optical fibres ending on multi-anode phototubes. The AMIGA complex will be centred 6.0 km away from the fluorescence detector installation at Coihueco and will be overlooked by the HEAT telescopes. We describe the design features of the AMIGA enhancement.


Textual data is at the forefront of information management problems today. Thousands of pages of text data, in many languages, are produced daily: emails, news reports, blog posts, product reviews, discussion forums, academic articles, and business reports. Computational linguistics interventions have also increased, as we rely more and more on automated language translation, summarization, enhanced information retrieval, and opinion mining. Managing, exploring, and analysing the flow of linguistic data is becoming both an individual and a societal problem. Data scale issues are not only a challenge for end users of technology, but are equally challenging for natural language engineers as they develop the systems that allow computers to manipulate and analyze text.


For net-shape manufacture of geometrically complex shaped, consisting of an intermetallic phase, high temperature-resistant engine components, a low melting point metal phase is mixed in the molten state or in a temperature range near the molten state with a present as a metal powder of high melting metallic phase and the mixture by shearing and Knetkrafte mechanically worked and heated in the process and its viscosity decreases. In a subsequent injection molding process which is substantially the final contour formed corresponding engine component and, optionally, mechanically finished and then subjected to a heat treatment for producing an intermetallic phase.


Objective:To observe the efficacy and the side effects of nedaplatin(NDP)combined with gemcitabine(GEM)in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:The patients with NSCLC were randomized to two groups:the observed group was treated with nedaplatin(NDP 100 mg/m2,iv,d1)plus gemcitabine(GEM 1 000mg/m2,iv,d1,d8,every 3 weeks),and the control group was treated with cisplatin(DDP,80~100mg/m2,iv,d1)plus gemcitabine(GEM 1 000mg/m2,iv,d1,d8,every 3 weeks).Results:All 43 patients were evaluated.24 patients were in the observed group,among them,9 patients were PR,6 patients were SD,9 patients were PD,the RR was 37.5%(9/24).19 patients were in the control group,7 patients were PR,7 patients were SD,5 patients were PD,the RR was 36.3%(7/19).The RR was similar in the two groups(P=0.965).The main side effect was anemia,neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.The rate of vomiting in the control group was higher than in the observed group(P=0.004).The other side effects were similar in the two groups(P0.05).Hospital days were shorter and the costs were higher in the observed group than those in the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:Nedaplatin combined with GEM has the same response rate as cisplatin combined with GEM in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.The rate of vomiting of NDP is lower than that of DDP and there is significant difference of hospital days and costs between NDP and DDP.It is recommended to choose different regimens according to the conditions of patients.


The lygaeid bug, Oncopeltus [asciatus (Dallas), is in nature restricted to plants in the family Asclepiadaceae, an affinity dependent on the presence in its host plants of some 15-oxasteroid glycosides that it can detect even at 0.003% in aqueous solution (Eggermann & Bongers, 1972). However, it has been reared in my laboratory for 50 generations on hulled sunflower seed, so that its chemoreceptors must also respond to other kinds of phagostimulants. We have recently found that first-instar nymphs of Oncopeltus will feed on an aqueous solution of sucrose (50% w/w) absorbed in Pellon ~ 988 polyester fleece. This food, with a separate supply of pure water, allows a high percent survival for several weeks at 30 ~ and for at least 2 months at 15 ~ Most of the survivors will feed and grow normal ly when milkweed or sunflower seed is provided and the ambient temperature is 20 ~ or above. Many carbohydrates other than sucrose prolong life to varying extents, a l though many others do not (Table I).


an interpretation of these life-forms based on a perspective originally formulated by Robert K. Nlerton. The purpose of such an interpretation and its outcome is to discuss the validity of various views concerning adolescents and their situation in a modern society. The modern world facilitates and accepts the development of different life-forms. Each one develops in relation to specific circumstances. We can observe several loci of adolescents' life-worlds; the rural community is one among others. However it is


This paper discusses the relationship between space and emotion , people are communicating with emotions in urban space they live. Therefore emotions are attached to the built environment and urban space. The idea of humane design is to design according to people's emotions of urban space and it can make people's life more vibrant and energetic.


INTRODUCTION
Nearly 50 % of subjects with continuing symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood show a comorbid substance use disorder. Both, ADHD and alcohol dependence have a high genetic load and might even share overlapping sources of genetic liability.

METHOD
We investigated phenotype and 5-HTT/5-HT2c allelic characteristics in 314 alcoholics of German descent.

RESULT
21 % of the alcoholics fulfilled DSM-IV-criteria of ADHD with ongoing symptoms in adulthood. There was no significant difference in 5-HTT- or 5-HT2c-allele distribution between alcoholics and matched controls or between alcoholics with or without ADHD.

CONCLUSION
In our sample the functional relevant 5-HTT-promoter and the 5-HT2c-receptor Cys23Ser polymorphism do not contribute to the supposed common genetic predisposition of ADHD and alcohol dependence.


The invention concerns an amplifier comprising an input circuit (26) tuned on the frequency to be amplified and receiving in input the signal to be amplified, a first transistor (Q2) connected in common base, whereof the transmitter is coupled to an input circuit and whereof the collector supplies the amplifier output signal, and a feedback circuit returning on the base of said transistor a fraction of the output voltage. The feedback circuit comprises a capacitive bridge (Ca, Cb) and a second transistor (Q3). The input circuit can form part of a first stage of the amplifier or of a mixer.


Background: The existing literature linking sex work to poor well-being and mental health mainly focuses on high-income countries contexts and highlights the strong correlation between sex work and depression. However, existing studies are cross-sectional and fail to account for the fact that women could have low well-being before entering sex work. For instance, it is documented that women abused during childhood are more likely to start sex work and to have low level of well-being. In addition to the unclear causal relationship between sex work and well-being, there is currently no evidence regarding the channels through which sex work may deteriorate well-being. Identifying those factors could allow developing effective interventions to improve well-being of sex workers. We investigate such question in Senegal, where sex work is regulated by a public health but where the majority of sex workers prefer to stay illegal since sex work is morally condemned by society members. Objective: The main objective of the paper is to estimate the effect of leaving sex work on well-being and to identify transmission channels. Method: We use a unique longitudinal data set from 441 sex workers surveyed in 2015 and 2017. Between those two waves, 14% of sex workers (n = 62) left sex work. We use a matched differencein-differences controlling for sex workers fixed effects to estimate the effect of quitting sex work on well-being. We control for shocks that occurred in the last two years and that are likely to influence both the probability of quitting sex work and well-being. We then perform a causal mediation analysis to investigate the direct and indirect effects of quitting sex work on subjective well-being by using linear structural equation modeling. Given that the identification strategy is based on the sequential ignorability assumption, we further test the robustness of our results by implementing a sensitivity analysis. Results: We find that quitting sex work significantly increases subjective well-being. Sub-groups analysis shows that women who benefit the most from leaving sex work are those who have a longer experience in sex work, suffered from client violence, had a lot of clients, had occasional clients, were not registered and fear discrimination from relatives because of their sex work activity. Causal mediation analysis shows that the increase in well-being is mainly explained by an increase in self-esteem and not by a reduction in violence exposure. Conclusion: Our study confirms the negative effect of sex work on well-being and highlights the importance to reduce time spent in sex work by developing interventions to quit sex work. It also highlights the need for psychological services for sex workers.


COUNCIL At Large (Term Expires 2003) At Large (Term Expires 2003) At Large (Term Expires 2003) At Large (Term Expires 2004) At Large (Term Expires 2004) At Large (Term Expires 2004) At Large (Term Expires 2005) At Large (Term Expires 2005) At Large (Term Expires 2005) Region I (Term Expires 2004) Region II (Term Expires 2003) Region III (Term Expires 2005) Region IV (Term Expires 2003) Region V (Term Expires 2005) Region VI (Term Expires 2004) Editor, Family Advocate


While there can be unforeseen difficulties, developments of the recent past point to the gradual integration of South Asia with the dynamic economies of East and Southeast Asia. Two modes of integration have been taking place: the expansion of existing subregional free trade agreements and ASEAN's initiatives as a bridge between the regional groups of Asian economies. While the present endeavours of these economies are resulting in a shallow form of integration-which may not suddenly turn towards deep integration-onward movement along the same path is certainly possible. Copyright © 2008 The Author.


I present in this thesis a wide analysis of stochastic and deterministic models of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
Firstly, the analysis addresses the contribution of ligand induced dimerisation, receptor competition between VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 and immediate or delayed dimers phosphorylation in the overall behaviour of the VEGFR/VEGF system. The analysis is based on van Kampen approximation of the solution of the corresponding master equations and
matrix-analytic techniques to analyse different signalling hypotheses upon ligand stimulation.
Secondly two mathematical models are provided, with accompanying quantitative experimental data, for binding and trafficking properties of VEGFR on HUVECs, which propose a theoretical dependence of ERK phosphorylation and transport rate of receptors from the Golgi to the cell surface on these properties. The signal for ERK phosphorylation or perturbation of transport rate is generated by intrinsic VEGFR tyrosine kinase activation via VEGF binding at the cell surface, and terminated by receptor/growth factor complex internalisation and degradation. Presented in this thesis models consist of kinetic equations which describe the binding, internalisation, recycling and synthesis of VEGF and VEGFR, along with a simple expression for the dependence of ERK phosphorylation or receptor synthesis on
VEGFR/VEGF dynamics.


An optogalvanic signal from the 1341.1686 nm 5s-3p He transition has allowed the wavelength of a diode-pumped temperature-tunable Nd3+:YAl03 laser to be set anywhere within its 1-nm tuning range with a long term stability of 1 pm.


: Pantun is one of the wealth owned by the Indonesian people, especially the Malay community. It contains noble values that is tunjuk ajar . That matter will be a guideline in living their lives. One of the values associated with the life of the nation and state. However, these values are not yet fully understood so there is a need to explore. This study intends to explore about Pantun, the values contained in Pantun specifically associated with the life of the nation and state, and how Pantun in shaping the character of Indonesian people. This research is a literature study using the Philosophical Hermeneutics methodes with methodical elements of description, comparison, holistic, historical continuity, language analysis, and heuristics. This research arrived at the results: 1) Pantun is a traditional literary work of the Malay community and contains noble value as a guide in social life as well as guidelines in daily life; 2) The noble value in Pantun that can be used as guidelines in the life of nation and state include the value of: a) unity and integrity, mutual cooperation, and tolerance; b) deliberation and consensus (democracy); c) justice and truth; 3) Malay people use Pantun in their daily lives so that noble value in Pantun are indirectly internalized and form the character of Indonesian people in accordance with the values in the Pancasila principles.


The 8 th fascicle (20 numbers) of the exsiccata 'Liche- nicolous Biota' is published. The issue contains material of 20 non-lichenized fungal taxa (14 teleomorphs of ascomycetes, 5 anamorphic states of ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycete), including isotype material of Hainesia xanthoriae Brackel (no 195). Fur- thermore, collections of the type species of the following genera are distributed: Cecidonia (C. umbonella), Everniicola (E. flexispora), Geltingia (G. associata), Marchandiomyces (M. corallinus), Pha- copsis (P. vulpina), Sclerococcum (S. sphaerale), Thamnogalla (T. crombiei), and Rhagadostoma (R. lichenicola). Sagedia en- geliana Saut. (now Dacampia e.), originally described as a li- chen, is typified on the lichenicolous fungus which parasitizes thalli of the Solorina saccata group.


This is a draft of a chapter/article that has been accepted for publication by Oxford University Press in the forthcoming book The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception, edited by S. Fruhholz & P. Belin due for publication (in press).


Paper tries to empirically capture one of the important manifestations of the economic crisis in the Czech Republic, which is the increase in the number of insolvency proceedings. The evaluation concerns the nation-wide development of insolvencies and bankruptcies with an emphasis on ?crisis? period 2008 ? 2010. The analysis is centred especially on interregional and interdistrict disparities with regard to the number of economic entities which fell into bankruptcy during the period of September 2008 ? December 2009. The monitored and evaluated indicators are the time evolution of the numbers, intensity and structure of economic entities specifi ed by the Industrial Classification of Economic Activities, legal status and numbers of their employees. Furthermore, the contribution deals with the relationship between the intensity of bankruptcies of economic entities and the factors that affects regional differences of this indicator.


The article focuses on the concept of culture, its etymology, various anthropological interpretations and the way in which the Catholic Church has historically understood the reality of culture. The analysis of evolution of such an understanding culminates in evaluation of the contributions of the 2 nd Vatican Council and the consequences of this development for the missionary involvement of the Church. While the Church is historically related to concrete cultural contexts, the Gospel is not limited to any of those contexts. The main challenge of the missionary work is to set up fruitful relations with the local cultures in order to establish mutual relations between the Gospel and cultural values.


Silsakho wetland located in South-east direction of greater Guwahati, Assam, is a natural wetland and performs as a water storage basin, holding storm water and flood water. Silsakho wetland has the potential to be developed into a site of tourist interest and can also serve in controlling artificial floods in rapidly developing Guwahati city. There is also a great prospect for ornamental fishery in this wetland which in recent years has become the second most popular hobby of the world. The Silsakho wetland has been a viable abode for a variety of ornamental fishes. Circa 24 ornamental fish species have been estimated in the wetland during the study. The wetland also harbours a great variety of aquatic plants and provides food, shelter and breeding ground for a large number of aquatic fauna. But, recently the existence of many such valuable ornamental fish species has depleted due to considerable changes in the wetland ecosystem. The two most important aspects of degradation of Silsakho wetland are recorded, one being the shrinkage of the wetland due to natural and anthropogenic activities, and the other being degradation of the quality of the wetland environment thereby bringing change among the biotic components of the wetland. It is observed that there is a tremendous anthropogenic influence, particularly in changing the land use pattern and increased built up land within the wetland area, which play a pivotal role in transforming and degrading the wetland, thereby threatening the physicochemical and biological conditions for spawning of these aquatic denizens.


The Influences of the replant disease on the apple industry were mainly due to the update of apple varieties and cultivation paradigm shift.In the experiment, influences of the the biocontrol bacteria on begonia seed germination, radicle elongation and growth of seedlings of 5-week-old replantation begonia were tested, and the promotion and disease control role were identified of biocantrol bacteria.The biocontrol bacteria strains facilitated the seed germination effect, the germination rate reached 87.6%, the radicle length was 33.67% longer than that of untreated control.The malus seedling was treated by biocontrol bacteria strains with the survival rate 77.8%,t he survival rate of the replanted soil treatment was 100%.The plant height increased by 7.5mm through biocontrol bacteria treatment.


The Grande-Motte port and seafront development project on the French Mediterranean coastline entailed evaluating wave impact loads (pressures and forces) on the new beach seawall and comparing the resulting scour potential at the base of the existing and new seawall. A physical model was built at ARTELIA's hydraulics laboratory in Grenoble (France) to provide insight into: wave and setup at the beach, the evolution of scour over time at the front of the wall, quasi-static and impulsive wave force intensity and distribution on the wall, and water and sand overtopping discharges over the wall. Light-weight sediment physical model and pressure and force measurements were performed with scale 1:18. The paper will discuss the pros and cons of a physical model versus numerical/ empirical modelsRecorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/AeW3SPwDtVg


We compute for the first time full elastic deformations, as well as length, of self-trapped electronic states in carbon nanotubes of general radius and chirality, within the unifying framework of a recently introduced two field model for electromechanics of carbon nano-structures. We find that deformations are highly non monotonic in the chiral angle, whereas the length of the polaron is not. Applications include nano-mechanical devices as electrically or optically driven nano-actuators.


Natural organized systems adapt to internal and external pressures and this happens at all levels of the abstraction hierarchy. Wanting to think clearly about this idea motivates our paper, and so the idea is elaborated extensively in the introduction, which should be broadly accessible to a philosophically-interested audience. In the remaining sections, we turn to more compressed category theory. We define the monoidal double category Org of dynamic organizations, we provide definitions of Org-enriched, or dynamic, categorical structures -- e.g. dynamic categories, operads, and monoidal categories -- and we show how they instantiate the motivating philosophical ideas. We give two examples of dynamic categorical structures: prediction markets as a dynamic operad and deep learning as a dynamic monoidal category.


We now have naturalistic understandings, at least in principle, of many phenomena that were once mysterious, such as of fire and life. Mental processes and properties, however, so far continue to resist naturalism. In part, this is due to the particular difficulty of naturalizing the normativity of mental phenomena, such as that of the truth and falsity of representation. Normativity is a particularly strong challenge to models of naturalistic emergence. There is a form of representation, however, that is naturally emergent in the organization of interactive systems. Interactive representation has claims to be the fundamental form of representation, from which all others are derivative. Interactivism offers a solution to the problem of the naturalistic normative emergence of representation.


As the online academic offer increases, the rise of new challenges comes along. One of the problems that come with the territory of online exams is the new ways of cheating the tests. That is the reason why the need of a system that handles the verification of the individuals that are taking part in the examination process is needed, that way the absence of a fraudulent use of the system is being ensured. The goal of this project is to help with the legitimacy of the verification process of the students taking the tests; this will be achieved developing a web based biometric verification system that will use facial recognition as biometric data to verify the identity of the participants. This will help with somebody taking tests logged as another account. Doing so, this will help reduce a little the gap between verification of students during in situ exams and the online ones.


Materials and Methods Research was conducted at Foxhome, MN and Prosper, ND. VDH 46177 sugarbeet seeds were planted with a John Deere MaxEmerge 2 planter into plots 11 feet wide and 30 feet long on April 26 and 30 at Foxhome and Prosper, respectively. Seeds were placed 1.25 inches deep and spaced about 3 inches apart within rows. Counter was applied at 11.9 lb/acre at planting to control sugarbeet root maggot. Treatments were manually thinned according to the respective population; 8 inches apart for the 22-inch rows, and 8, 10, 12, and 14 inches apart for the 11-inch rows during the four to six leaf stages. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Fertilization was done according to standard recommendation for sugarbeet. Plots were kept weed free using micro-rates of herbicides recommended for sugarbeet and handweeding. Fungicide was used to control Cercospora leaf spot.


Self-Hypnosis and Volitional Control of Finger Temperature Among Adults by Joseph Swope Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Walden University June 2013 Abstract Raynaud's disease is a condition in which circulation to the hands becomes restricted, causing an uncomfortable sense of cold and occasionally injury. The cause of Raynaud's disease is unknown. Earlier studies have shown that hetero-hypnosis is effective in the treatment of Raynaud's disease. Cost and access to providers limit such a treatment's availability. Theories of hypnosis suggest that self-hypnosis underlies all hypnotic processes. This study examined the utility of self-hypnosis and focused attention on the volitional control of hand temperature. Forty-three adult participants ranging in age from 19 to 77 years with no hypnosis experience were randomly divided into 2 groups; 20 completed the study. Eleven participants listened to a self-hypnosis recording and 9 listened to a mostly blank recording containing periodic instructions to concentrate on controlling finger temperature. A paired samples t test showed a significant difference in means between preand post-treatment ability. A second t test did not show a significant difference in means between the groups' ability. Analysis of survey data did not show a significant relationship between participant demographic data and ability to control finger temperature. However, analysis of participant survey responses did show that selfhypnosis was significantly more enjoyable than conscious concentration, which suggests that self-hypnosis has greater potential for adoption if used in the treatment of Raynaud's disease. Because self-hypnosis was found to be enjoyable and effective it may beRaynaud's disease is a condition in which circulation to the hands becomes restricted, causing an uncomfortable sense of cold and occasionally injury. The cause of Raynaud's disease is unknown. Earlier studies have shown that hetero-hypnosis is effective in the treatment of Raynaud's disease. Cost and access to providers limit such a treatment's availability. Theories of hypnosis suggest that self-hypnosis underlies all hypnotic processes. This study examined the utility of self-hypnosis and focused attention on the volitional control of hand temperature. Forty-three adult participants ranging in age from 19 to 77 years with no hypnosis experience were randomly divided into 2 groups; 20 completed the study. Eleven participants listened to a self-hypnosis recording and 9 listened to a mostly blank recording containing periodic instructions to concentrate on controlling finger temperature. A paired samples t test showed a significant difference in means between preand post-treatment ability. A second t test did not show a significant difference in means between the groups' ability. Analysis of survey data did not show a significant relationship between participant demographic data and ability to control finger temperature. However, analysis of participant survey responses did show that selfhypnosis was significantly more enjoyable than conscious concentration, which suggests that self-hypnosis has greater potential for adoption if used in the treatment of Raynaud's disease. Because self-hypnosis was found to be enjoyable and effective it may be superior to other treatments that are unpleasant or have pharmacological side effects. These findings will inform sufferers of Raynaud's disease and researchers in their efforts to treat the disease. The positive social change implications of this study are to expand treatment options for a disease that affects 4% of the world's population. Self-Hypnosis and Volitional Control of Finger Temperature Among Adults by Joseph Swope Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Walden University June 2013


Tetrodotoxin analogues (TTXs) used in research and development were originated from biological sources for the last decades. Among TTXs‐bearing aquatic animals, horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda from Vietnam's Coast was reported to contain a high level of TTXs, indicating a promising source for extraction and purification of TTXs. In this work, horseshoe crab C. rotundicauda collected from Can Gio Coast, Vietnam was used for TTX extraction using homogenization‐assisted method with acetic acid solvent. The extraction process was analysed and optimized by single‐factor investigation and response surface methodology (RSM). Single‐factor investigation pointed out that the optimal conditions for TTX recovery yield from C. rotundicauda's soft tissues were homogenization time of 20 min, acetic acid concentration of 1.0%, solvent/matrix ratio of 4 mL/g, extraction temperature of 70°C, extraction time of 30 min and number of extraction of two times. The most significant factors including acetic acid concentration, solvent/matrix ratio and extraction temperature were utilized for constructing the RSM model to predict TTX recovery yield. The maximal TTX recovery yield predicted from RSM model was 97.3% under solvent/matrix ratio of 4 mL/g, extraction temperature of 70°C and acetic acid concentration of 1% (v/v). The RSM model displayed a high stability and precision for prediction of TTX recovery yield from experiments of 1–10 kg C. rotundicauda's soft tissues/batch extractions producing low errors (−1.95% to 1.85%). TTXs in C. rotundicauda's soft tissues were elucidated by HPLC‐MS/MS, revealing the presence of three analogues TTX, 4epi‐TTX and Anh‐TTX with their contents of 43.02, 22.54 and 45.07 μg/g, respectively.


Section XI, Subsections IWE and IWL, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provide requirements to assure that the critical areas of steel and concrete primary containment structures are inspected to detect degradation that could compromise structural and leak-tight integrity. They also specify requirements for preservice examination. acceptance standards, repairs, replacements, and pressure testing. Each nuclear utility in the United States is required to develop and implement a containment inservice inspection program by September 9, 2001, 5 yr after the initial approval in Title 10, Part 50, of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations. This paper discusses the Code requirements and also provides an insight into the development process and philosophy for containment inservice inspection.


The objective of this research was to determine the impact of an eight week education program targeting bone‐healthy diet and physical activity in adults over 50. Participants (n=69) were randomized into treatment (n=35) or control (n=34). There was no difference in demographics, except for gender (p=0.01). Mean age was 65.5 + 9.6 years; mean bone mineral density was 0.52 +0.1 g/cm2. Most were female (83%), white (90%), retired (53%), with some college education (77%), non‐smoking (99%), and took supplements (90%). Of those who took supplements, most chose a product with calcium (89%). Although most had no history of osteoporosis (67%), almost all had a bone scan (81%). Heel ultrasound results included 26% with T‐score < ‐1 and 6% > 1. Dietary intake was assessed using 24‐hour recalls and calcium‐targeted food frequencies. Activity level was assessed by pedometers, heel drops and balance evaluation. Within the treatment group, the 24‐recall pre‐post paired data revealed no differences in calcium intake between any food group (dairy, foods with dairy, fruit, vegetable, grains, meats, others), but a significant difference in total calcium (786+470 vs. 1054+428, p=.003). Although 42% decreased their steps, 58% increased, with a significant difference (p=.000) between baseline and programmatic mean steps (6685+2972 vs. 7423+2697). The treatment arm of this program was successful in increasing calcium and steps.


Objective To investigate the specificity of hospital operating room management,summed up the eye surgery through practice fine,high quality surgery,infection after surgery in the event of serious consequences.Therefore,the requirements of operating room nurses in strict compliance with the rules and regulations,take seriously the work of every detail,to prevent postoperative infection.Methods?To strengthen the management of the operating room environment,the use of operating room instruments and equipment and maintenance,operating room nurses and operating room management system for the management of disinfection and sterilization.Results?The surgical infection prevention and control of effective and standardized management through the operating room for many years in our hospital did not occur after eye infection.Conclusion?Through for operating standardized management,and formulate a workable working procedures,improve the operating efficiency,to ensure the smooth operation.


In this work, we designed a tetranuclear self-assembled dye 4 (2Z907-Ag+-(Ru(TMAM))) exploiting a combination of the antenna effect and positively-charged groups designed to repel the oxidized form of cationic cobalt redox mediators, in order to reduce recombination and increase the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Charge transfer and excited dynamics were probed by photoelectrochemical and photophysical measurements. The sensitized cell performance, recorded with a [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ redox mediator and PEDOT counter electrode, showed an improvement when passing from Z907 to the multinuclear systems. The enhancement of the efficiency compared to Z907 resulted mainly from a superior steric and electrostatic shielding determined by the simultaneous presence of long alkyl chains and quaternary ammonia ion units in the architecture of 4.


The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is constructing Roads and investigating measures for effective utilization of public transport to mitigate traffic congestion and reduce environmental pollutants. Especially, extensive public transport offers more alternatives to people, encourages them to move among regions, and boosts economy. The effects of disseminating real-time information that is collected using the new information communication technologies on the use of highway express buses were investigated, and a system was developed for monitoring real-time road traffic conditions using highway express buses as sensors. Based on the results of the investigation, a full-scale system was constructed and tested to investigate the feasibility, effectiveness and issues of a bus location system that can collect and disseminate the information that the users of highway express buses, bus service operating companies, and road administrators demand. The proving test showed that the bus location system is feasible.


Abstract This paper aims to perform thermodynamic analysis of saturated vapor flowing slowly onto and condensing on an elliptical cylinder. This is the first approach to investigate how the geometric parameter‐ellipticity and surface tension affect local entropy‐generation rate during film‐wise condensation heat transfer process. The results observe that entropy generation decreases with decreasing ellipticity. It indicates that the entropy generation number is nearly unaffected by surface tension forces at small ellipticity like e ≤ 0.7, but somewhat influenced at large ellipticity for the whole perimeter. From the second law point of view, local entropy generation increases with ellipticity as local heat transfer coefficient does. Furthermore, the entropy‐generation rate due to gravity‐driven film flow friction is proportional to Brinkman group parameter. The irreversibility ratio indicates that film flow friction irreversibility starts to dominate over heat transfer irreversibility in the lower half of streamwise length for higher values of Brinkman group parameter (Br/T = 1).