Received: Revised: Accepted: November 27, 2013 February 09, 2014 May 04, 2014 The aim of this work was to document the value of morphometric analysis in quantifying neuronal loss in canine cerebellar degenerative disease. Measurements of the cerebellar cell populations in a dog affected by severe cortico-cerebellar degeneration (CCD) were compared with those of an age-matched control dog. Histological stainings (hematoxylin-eosin, thionin, Bielschowsky) were performed; the granule cell density and Purkinje cell linear density were quantified. GFAP immunohistochemistry was run to quantify the stained area. Morphometric analysis in the pathologic dog showed a significant decrease of Purkinje cell linear density (4.50/mm), granule cells density (81.34/10000 μm) and an increase of GFAP stained area (40.28%) in comparison to the age-matched dog (Purkinje cell linear density=12.74/mm, granule cell neuron density=95.53/10000 μm and GFAP stained area=34.68%). The use of morphometric techniques is suggested in order to enable comparison between results obtained from different laboratories of pathology. ©2014 PVJ. All rights reserved


A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric determination method for the determination of nitrazepam in bulk, in pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids was developed. The method is based upon reduction of nitro group of nitrazepam by zinc and hydrochloric acid followed by diazotization and coupling with orcinol in basic medium to form a stable chromophore which absorbs at 470 nm. The method showed a good linearity in the range 0.3 – 3.5µgmL-1. The method is free from the interference of common excipients used in pharmaceutical dosage. The method was also used for the determination of nitrazepam in pharmaceutical as well as in biological samples.


The legislation of some brazilian states predicts the study and, in case its necessity is determined, obliges the construction of fishways in hydroelectric power plants, as a way of reducing the impacts caused by barriers on fish migration. Thus, different types of fishways, such as fish ladders and fish lifts have been implemented in the country, just as it has been done in other parts of the world. Besides having the knowledge on the biological characteristics of the fish species which will use the mechanism, fishways, in order to be efficient, must attract fish to its entrance and allow them to swim against the flow until they reach upstream levels of the barrier, where the fish can continue on their route. Therefore, it is of an extreme importance that the entrance of the fishway structure is facilitated, what can be accomplished with the liberation of a water flow close to this entrance. However, the deflection of this auxiliary flow, known as attraction flow, causes a decrease in the flow available for energy generation, which can represent a significant power loss in some dams. This paper presents a technical and economical study of the insertion of a smallsize turbine on the attraction system of the fish ladder installed in the Igarapava Hydrolectric Power Plant (IHPP), on the Rio Grande, as a way of recuperating the energetic potential of the flow deflected for fish attraction.


Academic circles from fiscal decentralization, the central government's incentive policy in the regional economic development is discussed the reasons of local government competition, put forward from the aspects of policy, develop cooperation mechanism is conducive to healthy competition, prevent vicious competition countermeasures. However, under the supervision of competition mechanism research still exist. Need to make decision by the central competition management mechanism, in the process of competition also need to set up relevant supervision mechanism, and can only be the most behavior supervised the earth contain improper competition, avoid vicious competition. In the aspect of implementation to avoid vicious competition mechanism lacks the corresponding supervision mechanism in our country, has yet to be research and development.


THE ANISA MODEL: A SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM FOR EDUCATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR A THEORY OF EVALUATION George Bondra, B.A. , Clark University Graduate Study, Columbia University Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Daniel C. Jordan The purpose of the dissertation is three-fold: (1) to establish criteria for assessing scientific theories, (2) to demonstrate how the Anisa Model as a scientific theory represents a new paradigm for education, and (3) to develop the implications of the paradigm for a theory of evaluation. The dissertation is part of a larger effort undertaken by the Anisa Project to help establish the Anisa Model as a discipline in education that unites the discoveries of a wide range of physical, biological, and behavioral sciences. In the growth of scientific knowledge, it will be demonstrated how Anisa represents a new paradigm for education providing a disciplinary matrix, distinctive methods, body of theory, accumulating bodies of data, and implications for practical use. The study, therefore, aspires to establish Anisa as a scientific paradigm for education by giving it a local habitation and a name. This study determines criteria for evaluating empirically based scientific theories. These criteria, e.g., units of study, precise


The soybean Bradyrhizobium strain Semia 566 was introduced into soils of the Cerrados (Brazilian edaphic savannas) in the late 1960s. Then, nodule occupancy by this strain was not greater than 2%. Recently, this serogroup has been found in approximately 60% of nodules formed on soybeans cultivated in the Cerrados, replacing the strains 29W and Semia 587, the Brazilian commercial inoculant for soybean. Although some re‐isolates of Semia 566, adapted to Cerrado soils, were more competitive than 29W under both field and aseptic conditions, they did not differ from the parental strain, based on their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) electrophoretic profile. The only exceptions were the isolates 4A‐5 and CPAC‐15 which presented an additional polysaccharidic band of low molecular weight or higher mobility. On the other hand, this same band may be induced and intensified in LPS extracted from competitive strains (29W, 220, 204, 370, 372, 516, 122 and CPAC‐15) after bacterial contact with soybean roots for 6 or 12 h. In addition, a 29W Tn5 mutant with a phenotype of delayed nodulation showed a delayed induction of this polysaccharidic band. Conversely, the LPS of less competitive strains was not modified or showed a weak intensification of this band. As this band alteration was correlated with the concurrent elevation of dominance in nodules, it may be suggested that LPS plays a role in the competitive ability of rhizobia strains for nodulation.


Diabetes mellitus (DM), normally known as diabetes, is a gathering of metabolic issues portrayed by a high glucose level throughout a drawn out timeframe. Signs consistently fuse progressive pee, extended thirst and extended longing for. At whatever point left untreated, diabetes can cause various unforeseen issues. Intense complexities can incorporate diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state, or passing. Genuine long haul inconveniences incorporate cardiovascular infection, stroke, persistent kidney illness, foot ulcers, harm to the nerves, harm to the eyes and psychological impedance. Diabetes is because of either the pancreas not creating sufficient insulin, or the cells of the body not reacting as expected to the insulin delivered. There are three principle kinds of diabetes mellitus.


A process is described for the utilisation of mussel shell wastes by their conversion into lime, which may be used for white washing and plastering.


This paper sets out a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method which allows the determination and characterization of alkyl polyglucosides (APG) as their trimethylsilylethers. In our investigation, we analyzed pure substances and industrial products. The substances can be identified by characteristic mass spectra fragments such as 204 and 217 which are the base peaks of pyranosides and furanosides. The length of the alkyl chain can be identified by homologous mass series. N-heptyl-β-D-monoglucopyranoside was used as internal standard for quantification, because it is not to be expected in alkyl polyglucoside mixtures produced from renewable resources due to the uneven number of carbon atoms in its alkyl chain.


It is now 10 years ago that human embryonic stem cell research appeared as a major topic of societal concern following significant scientific breakthroughs.1 2 During these 10 years it has become obvious that stem cell research is embedded in a narrative characterised by hope and hype and that it has created heated moral and political debate. Although it would be tempting to try to deconstruct the importance attributed to hope in this story or to unmask the different instigators active in promoting hype,3–5 the main aim of this editorial is to briefly review the controversies underlying the debate and propose some possible answers to a set of inter-related questions:

The two authors agree with regard to the importance of asking these questions, but they disagree about at least some of the answers. Let us start with the questions about the debate and its use as a model for future debates.

Could it be the case that ethical debates that are characterised by overselling of the potential of the technology are more efficient as models for future debates about ethically contentious issues in biomedicine than more sober and "neutral" debates? The narratives of stem cell research are full of examples of overselling and underselling, and we will suggest that it is precisely for this reason that there is a lot to learn morally from reviewing the narratives. The two main forms of overselling are


For the work characteristics of genena! inverter. The priciple is analyzed,and the design method of hardware and software which based on single-chip microcomputer is introduced. The design of master circuit is also illustrated in detail.Finally,the complement of the computer software is givert.lt is an advanced technology.


Three introduced populations of Litopenaeus vannamei were used to establish nine inbred and hybridized populations of F1 by complete diallel cross, whose hypoxic tolerance and ammonia-N tolerance were compared. The performance for tolerance of each popu- lation was evaluated by analyzing combining ability and heterosis of hypoxic tolerance and ammonia-N tolerance. The results reveal that nine groups showed significant difference in tolerance to dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen. Mid-parent heterosis of hybrids for re- sistance to high ammonia nitrogen and low dissolved oxygen traits were 14. 09~42. 57 and - 52. 48~31. 39, respectively, while those of heterobeltiosis were 1. 860~26. 18 and - 54. 34~24. 66, respectively. The general combining ability of parents and special combining ability of hybrid combinations influenced the tolerance performance of phybrid offspring, especially that UH group had high- er general combining ability in tolerance traits of high ammonia nitrogen and low dissolved oxygen. The specific combining ability analy- sis reveals that UM×UH, which had stronger non-additive effect and hybrid superiority, was strong heterosis combination and could be used as candidate materials for further family selection.


Five species of cladocerans are reported from the Tomo River, Vichada, Colombia. Zooplankton samples were collected from the li oral zone with vegetation (Campsiandra comosa Benth). ree of them, namely Streblocerus pygmaeus Sars, 1901, Disparalona cf. hamata (Birge, 1879) and Alona isabellae Sousa, Elmoor-Loureiro and Santos, 2016 are new to the Colombian cladoceran fauna. Descriptive notes, comparative comments on morphology and variability and illustrations are also provided for some remarkable taxa. is is the rst report on the cladoceran fauna in the Tomo River.


Photosensitizers trapped in porous sol‐gel glasses are shown to undergo photoinduced electron transfer with molecules present in the intra‐pore liquid phase. The phenomenon appears to be general, independent of molecular charge and size. The predominant mechanism involves long range electron transfer from, or to, an adsorbed solute molecule and a photosensitizer embedded in the glass. Such long range interactions are also the primary factor leading to a residual photogenerated radical ion pair which is extremely long lived (4–5orders of magnitude longer with respect to the same process in homogeneous solutions). The results bear on artificial photosynthetic devices in which solar energy conversion and storage depends on inhibition of the energy‐wasting back electron transfer reaction.


The utility model discloses a cantilever type television hanging frame, which has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the distance between a television and a wall can be regulated in a telescopic way. The cantilever type television hanging frame comprises a base and an angle regulation mechanism arranged on the base, wherein a first cantilever is hinged on the angle regulation mechanism, the tail end of the first cantilever is hinged with a second cantilever, and the tail end of the second cantilever is hinged with a television installing plate. The cantilever type television hanging frame can be used for easily regulating the relative position between the television and a user, the relative angle between the television and the user can also be regulated, and the requirements of various occasions can be perfectly met.


This study on the permanent exhibition design of Museum Sumpah Pemuda and Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi aims to get inputs from the visitors concerningthe displays that are attractive for them and the understanding of the historical narrative of both museums. Observation on the permanent exhibition of both museums and interviews with the experts and respondents were carried out along with theoretical study to support the analysis. Based on the analysis using a narratological approach through storyline, plot, characters, time and place setting, message and the values of independence struggle in the historical story accessible to the visitors, which are represented by the respondents, the conclusion is that in order to create attractive displays and to generate the visitors' understanding, displays should be emphasizing the plot, characters and important messages, both by means of lights setting, using big dioramas, adjusting the collections to be displayed to the spaceavailable so that focal point can be created. Hopefully, this research can become reference to historical museum design in terms of its display.


fore were considered to have dropped out of the study. Depression negatively correlated (P = .05) and baseline marijuana use positively correlated (P = .04) with study completion. The Table provides characteristics and results for the sample; we found no sex association with study completion or opioid reduction. Among study completers (n = 51) baseline median MEDD (interquartile range [IQR]) was 288 (153-587) mg, with a median 6-year duration (IQR, 3-9) duration of opioid use. Median pain intensity was moderate (5 out of 10 on a numeric pain rating). After 4 months, the median MEDD was reduced to 150 (IQR, 54-248) mg (P = .002). The likelihood of a greater than 50% opioid dose reduction was not predicted by starting dose, baseline pain intensity, years prescribed opioids, or any psychosocial variable. Neither pain intensity (P = .29) nor pain interference (P = .44) increased with opioid reduction. The Figure shows the relationship between percentage change in MEDD and pain intensity in study completers.


The present study was performed on humans to investigate the physiological strain of wearing protective clothing for shielding electromagnetic waves and to compare control clothing that are currently on the market and new clothing that are developed for improving thermal comfort and material weight. Experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber of 28.8±0.6℃, 37±5%RH under three differed experimental clothing conditions: None, Control, New. The results were as follows. Mean skin temperature and rectal temperature in New were significantly lower than that in None and Control (p<.05). The temperature and humidity inside clothing were lower in None (p<.05). Total weight loss was lower in New. Thermal sensation and thermal comfort were less hot and more comfortable in New than those in Control. It was concluded that wearing the protective clothing for shielding electromagnetic waves affects physiological responses such as distribution of body temperature, sweat rate, etc.


Stress has been associated with poor eating behavior and diet quality. Yet, the relationship between nutrient and food intake and perceived stress in Korean female adults has not been validated. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between nutrient and food intake and perceived stress in Korean female adults. This is a cross-sectional study based on the 2014-2015 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data. This study investigated 2,010 female adults age 19~64. In this study, according to subjects' perceived stress, we classified subjects into very low-stress recognition group (VLSRG) (n=211), low-stress recognition group (VSRG) (n=1,223), high-stress recognition group (HSRG) (n=488) and very high-stress recognition group (VHSRG) (n=88). Daily nutrients and food group intake, food groups consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. The VHSRG had a larger proportion of subjects that were younger (p<0.0001), single (p<0.0001) and smokers (p<0.0001) compared to the VLSRG. Energy and food intake did not differ between the four groups. Percentage of subjects with protein (p=0.0322), vitamin A (p=0.0364) and vitamin C (p=0.0115) intake lower than the EAR (estimated average requirement) in the VHSRG were significantly lowest in the four groups. Also, food intake percentage from fruits and seaweed groups in the VHSRG were lower than other groups (p=0.0034, p=0.0015). DDS in the VHSRG (3.87) was significantly lowest in the four groups (p=0.0022). Results suggest that perceived stress in Korean female adults may by significant to consider in nutritional education programs.


2050 is a newly developed aeronautical AlCuLi aluminium alloy with numerous applications such as fuselage of civil aircrafts, and a good mechanical resistance, compared to other aluminium alloys. However, this material is susceptible to pitting corrosion in chloride environment [1], with a possible extension to fatigue crack initiation. Laser-shock processing with various experimental conditions (power density between 4 and 8 GW/cm2, overlapping rate of 33%, 50 % and 66%) was applied to modify the surface reactivity of 2050-T8 alloy. Surface characterizations were carried out at a global scale and a local scale, including nanoindentation tests, X-ray diffraction and grazing x-ray diffraction analysis, AFM surface profiles, and electrochemical tests on large areas (12 mm diameter) and small areas (50 µm diameter) located either on the Al matrix or on the AlFeCu precipitates. Finite element simulations were also proposed to validate residual stress determinations, and analyse surface heterogeneities induced by LSP. At the end, correlations were done between morphological and mechanical surface states, and electrochemical reactivity in chloride environment, revealing a mechano-electrochemical sensitivity particularly pronounced on the cathodic parts of I=f(E) potentio-kinetic curves.2050 is a newly developed aeronautical AlCuLi aluminium alloy with numerous applications such as fuselage of civil aircrafts, and a good mechanical resistance, compared to other aluminium alloys. However, this material is susceptible to pitting corrosion in chloride environment [1], with a possible extension to fatigue crack initiation. Laser-shock processing with various experimental conditions (power density between 4 and 8 GW/cm2, overlapping rate of 33%, 50 % and 66%) was applied to modify the surface reactivity of 2050-T8 alloy. Surface characterizations were carried out at a global scale and a local scale, including nanoindentation tests, X-ray diffraction and grazing x-ray diffraction analysis, AFM surface profiles, and electrochemical tests on large areas (12 mm diameter) and small areas (50 µm diameter) located either on the Al matrix or on the AlFeCu precipitates. Finite element simulations were also proposed to validate residual stress determinations, and analyse surface heterogeneities induced...


GEOphysical flow dynamics using pulsed Doppler radAR (GEODAR), a custom radar system, images avalanches over the entire slope with high spatial and temporal resolution at the experimental test site Vallée de la Sionne in Switzerland. Between winter seasons 2009/2010 and 2014/2015, data have been acquired from 77 avalanches. These data sets describe a wide variety of avalanches, which we classify in terms of seven flow regimes and combinations thereof. These flow regimes expand on previous classifications, with four identifiable dense flow regimes (where interaction between granules and with the flow bed dominates dynamics) and two different dilute flow regimes (where interaction between snow particles and the air becomes dominant). There is a further regime identified where snow balls simply roll down the mountain. A cold dense regime and a warm shear regime behave like noncohesive granular flows with velocity shear throughout the flow. A sliding slab regime and a warm plug regime occur when cohesion dominates and causes the flow units to act as solid-like objects sliding on a thin shear zone. An intermittent regime connects the cold dense regime with the suspension regime and is characterized by highly fluctuating density and surging activity. GEODAR enables localization of these flow regimes and transitions between them in time and space. We discuss flow regime transitions in terms of snow properties, topography, speed, and size of the avalanches. This paper also serves as a reference for the data set which is made publicly available and should prove to be an invaluable resource for the development of physically based avalanche models.


A computerized data acquisition system for exterior vehicle noise testing was developed to provide the sophisticated data analysis techniques and test site efficiency required to meet current and future regulations. The computer generates accurate, dependable data in a final test report at the conclusion of each test minimizing data reduction and turnaround time. Computer control of test sequences eliminates manual operations and provides efficient use of site time. The inclusion of on line Fourier analysis techniques provides additional noise source identification capabilities.


Bacterial wilt, caused by Psetrlaronas solanacearum (Smith,
1896) Smith 1914, is an important disease of many crop plants.
The lack of a truly effective method of control for the
disease, especially in the tropics, has been attributed to the
many strains of the pathogen and the lack of information on the
ecology am the variation in the pathogen population. The
present study was therefore conducted to elucidate some aspects
of the ecology am variation of the pathogen in Malaysia
which would be useful in understanding the pathogen for the
formulation of more effective control measures.


Estimating I/O time of applications is critical for computing system research and developments, such as performance tuning and job scheduling. Parallel I/O systems on large-scale HPC systems typically use several I/O servers attached to a number of hard disk drives to read and write data concurrently. As a result, the response time of individual I/O servers affects the overall I/O performance and modeling the response time distribution holds the key to estimate I/O time. Existing studies have generally considered that the response time follows a Uniform or a Normal distribution. However, none of these studies considered supercomputing environments that are actively used by a number of users to verify the existence of Uniform or Normal distributions. In this study, we collected ≈ 2,500,000 measurements on two peta-scale class supercomputers that are actively used by ≈5000 users. These two systems, Hopper and Edison at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), typically support hundreds of concurrent jobs. Our performance measurements include the overheads introduced by the entire parallel I/O stack (I/O library, network, parallel file system software, cache and hardware). Our study shows that the response time of parallel I/O system follows a heavy-tailed property, in contrary to the widely accepted Normal or Uniform distributions. In exploring for new models, we identify that a mix of Power Law and Normal distributions is a good fit for the response time of parallel I/O systems that are actively used by hundreds of jobs concurrently.


The concept of the U.S. Army's digital battlefield is presented. Also, newly proposed concepts for leading edge strike forces that are needed to cope with modern conflicts are described. The implictions on sensors due to these new concepts are discussed, especially in light of new, unique applications, such as the individual soldier system, combat identification and military operations in urban terrain. The special consideration of image transmission from sensor to shooter or commander is addressed. Sensor trade-offs for the digital battlefield are being made and prototype sensor system demonstrators are being fabricated for testing and operational evaluation.


s: Cookies represent one of the most bakery products. These are important food products consumed by children and adults as a snack in daily diet, this study aimed to produce healthy free gluten cookies from rice flour and tiger nut flour. rice flour (100%) was the control sample and substituted by 20, 40 and 60 % of tiger nut powder. The chemical composition, amino acid, total phenolic compound and sensory characteristics of cookies were determined, the results showed that an increase in protein 6.16-6.62%, nitrogen 0.96-1.06%, ash 1.27-1.63%, calories 529.06-540.38, essential amino acid 361.12-404.15mg/g protein and phenolic compound 3.06-3.73mg GAE/g, a decrease of carbohydrates 57.98-49.05% by increase tiger nut powder in cookies sample compered to control sample recorded 5.89%, 0.95%, 1.03%, 505.08 calorie, 339.33 mg/g protein and 2.69mg GAE/g respectively for each compound. The sensory evaluation of tiger nuts cookies (all mixtures) was highly acceptable and had good sensory attributes. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate that blends of rice flour and tiger nut powder could be used for gluten free formulation, the organoleptic properties of tiger nut cookies found acceptable good sensory quality.


Women constitute the dominant market for the packaged, overnight commercial adventure tourism industry, typically comprising more than 60% of all participants. By contrast, the non-commercial outdoor recreation sector is still largely dominated by men. While recognising this fact, however, few tour operators target their marketing efforts specifically at women. More significantly, adventure tour operators appear to have a poor understanding of what motivates women to participate in their activities and what benefits they gain from participation. These misconceptions, in turn, are hindering the economic viability of many businesses. This paper reports on a recently completed exploratory study that compared operators' perceptions of the appeal of various trip attributes with those reported by women who participated in packaged adventure travel. It found that while operators have a good general understanding of the personal benefits women gained from purchasing their products, they tended to over value the specific trip characteristics, such as packaging and the provision of equipment and significantly under value the fact that their products enabled women to overcome a range of social, time and societal barriers that would have otherwise restricted their participation in the activity.


Effects of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on the CO 2 corrosion behaviors of tube steel were studied in simulated oil-field environment. The influence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on the corrosion rate and morphologies of corrosion product layer was determined by scanning electron microscope and measuring mass loss. Potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the change of electrochemical characteristic parameters of corrosion product layer and corrosion dynamic process. The results show that with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in electrolyte, the morphologies and microstructures of corrosion product layer changed obviously, thus affecting the corrosion process.


A new Active Reflecting Surface (ARS) consisting of a planar array of circularly polarized printed elements integrated with active devices is proposed. The potential applications of the ARS and other related architectures in microwave/millimeter wave imaging, multi- and scanned-beam communications system, and spatial power combining are discussed. System properties and general design requirements and criteria of such surfaces are investigated.


Energy consumption of IT increased continously during the last decades. Numerous works have been accomplished for improving energy efficiency of hardware whereas software energy efficiency has been ignoried for a long time. This contribution presents a novel approach for estimating energy consumption of applications in different execution environments. The system is the basis for automatic optimization of software execution in an energy-efficient way by finding the best-suiting host computer. Thus, it opens novel ways to further improve energy-efficiency of IT systems. Exemplary, the approach is tested in a virtualized data center environment, where virtual machines are the applications. The presented approach is a vehicle for automatically finding the most energy-efficient host machine for any virtual machine system.
 The paper presents a new algorithm for estimating virtual machine power consumption and shows the accuracy of the presented approach by means of measurements.


Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important, potentially curative therapeutic option for hema-tological malignancies. However, poor and slow hematopoi- etic reconstitution remains a significant complication, which is correlated with abnormal hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) func- tion. The maintenance and the preservation of HSC functional properties are supported by a highly specialized microenviron- ment within the bone marrow (BM), in which BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) serve as the essential structural and functional basis for constituting the BM microenviron-ment. Damage, such as that due to chemotherapy, radiother- apy or inflammation, delays hematopoietic recovery or causes hematopoiesis dysfunction or failure, seriously affecting HSCT efficacy. 1 The key to remodeling and repairing the BM micro-environment lies in the repair of the niche structure by cellular therapies which include BMSCs. Research has increasingly confirmed that the most crucial functions of BMSCs are to main- tain the turnover of the BM stroma and skeletal tissues and to provide critical hematopoietic support. 2 However, the underly-ing mechanisms that regulate these different functions are not well known. In the recent BLOOD publication, the Dr. Zhao and Dr. Jiang group revealed that the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) plays a substantial role in regulating the stromal niche for hematopoietic reconstitution. 3 All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and inflammation stress upregulated RIG-I expres- sion, thus damaging the clonogenicity, the bone-forming ability of BMSCs and the supporting function in the stromal niche; mechanistically, this is achieved by suppressing the antioxidant impact of nuclear


Abstract Data from 1,407 preschoolers were used to examine the implications of classroom age composition for the early learning and development of 4-year-olds in classrooms with 3- and 5-year-olds also in attendance. Results suggest that a greater number of younger classmates did not detract from 4-year-olds' language development, literacy performance, or inhibitory control, nor did having older peers consistently facilitate learning in these domains. However, 4-year-olds who entered school with low inhibitory control and print knowledge demonstrated greater gains in both domains when attending classrooms with more same-age or older classmates than when in classrooms with more younger peers. When taken together, these results suggest that classroom age composition, in prekindergarten programs serving mostly 4-year-olds, for the most part has little consequence except for those 4-year-olds entering school with lower skill levels in key domains, in which case having older peers is of benefit.


Between 7 July and 18 November, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London presented Chance and Control: Art in the Age of Computers, an exhibition of works from its collections, to mark the 50th anniversary of Cybernetic Serendipity, an international exhibition exploring the relationship between the computer and the arts, which took place in the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London between 2 August and 20 October 1968. The ComputerArts Societywas founded shortly after, an event also celebrated in the exhibition.


The study aims to present an up-to-date picture of clinical and genetic researches about
Turner's syndrome (ST). To achieve thi goal a bibliographical research in Medline comprising
published articles between 2000 and 2002 was perfomed. The focus was:
principal clinical characteristics for early diagnosis; mostly recent results of molecular cytogenetics and molecular
studies applied in diagnosis; treatment options; clinical complications, and associated diseases. It was also
perfomed an open ended interview with Dr. Jose Carlos Cabral de Almeida in order to reconstruct the scientific reasoning that led to the estabilishment of the genetic base of Turner's syndrome. And at last, by analyzing patients charts belonging to the Genetic Outpatient Care Unit of Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE) four cases of ST were
described. The bibliographical research showed: a) there is a world wide commom preocupation with the delayed diagnosis; b) the importance of molecular/cytogenetics techniques applied to the investigation of cryptic mosaicism; c) there is consensus about the use of growth hormone,
but discrepancies about the dosage and its association with other drugs, and also about the time for its initiation and, finally, the clinical complications and associated disorders. The scientific reasoning was grounded on the hypothetical deductive method, making use of clinical experience and cytogenetics techniques. The cases report showed that treatment of Turner's syndrome patients in IEDE follows the literature, highlighting the delayed diagnosis.


Vibration is an important parameter affecting performance in vehicles. Engine vibrations and vibrations coming from the road are the most im-portant sources of vibration in vehicles. If the vibration is not damped, it will cause noise, fuel consumption and damage to the vehicles and it is transmitted to the passenger cabin, thus negatively affecting both the comfort of the driving and the health of the people in the vehicles. In the vehicles, engine mounts are used to damp vibration produced by the en-gine. However, in the recent years, there have been trends in the automo-tive industry to mitigate vehicles and reduce costs, while reducing emis-sions values and producing more powerful engines. Vehicles mitigating causes more vibration on the vehicle. Therefore improvement of existing systems is a necessity. In this study, in order to reduce the vibration caused by the engine, an engine mount system was created and vibration analysis of the engine mount system as made.


The present invention, in a first step, at least partially comprising the steps of depositing multiple droplets of printing material vertically juxtaposed form, their deposited and cured by light irradiation droplets were in three-dimensional structure before a step of ChikuNaru the, in the second step, the three-dimensional by placing the correct droplet by targeted at the edge of the boundary of the droplet deposited in adjacent shape and / or smoothing surfaces before the method comprising ChikuNaru the three-dimensional structure having a smooth to smooth surface at least one surface of the structure, to a method for printing a three-dimensional structure having a smooth surface made of.


dition on which the tissue-change depends, the other that there is a primary alteration in the mode of growth of the tissue which, during its development, sets up the inflammation. But if this be so with organs of such comparative simplicity as the lungs, and with diseases in which we have ample means for post mortemlt investigation at every stage, how much greater must be the difficulty when we have to deal with an organ so complex and so difficult of examination as the brain, and with diseases where opportunities for post mortem examination are rare, and generally unproductive in tangible results. This, however, is the task that Dr. Hammond has undertaken, in endeavouring to explain the pathology of the obscure nervous conditions he has described in his book; and he has cut the Gordian knot by taking vascular changes alone into consideration, leaving all other possible causes unmentioned. Of these vascular changes, he attaches by far the greatest importance to hyperoemia, and it is indeed to this comparatively simple morbid process alone that he traces the manifold functional nervous derangements resulting from over-work or prolonged emotion. Hyperaemia of the brain becomes in his hands a distinct entity, a disease per se, capable of lasting for many years, but readily yielding to suitable treatment at almost any stage, and after almost any length of time. By hyperoemia, he does not mean cerebral congestion, as the term is generally understood, for in several places he makes a distinct separation between the two conditions; thus, in one place he says, "It is true that, in the advanced stage, when, instead of hyperaemia, there is rather congestion, stupor may ensue." We ourselves have been accustomed to look upon hypermemia and congestion as synonymous terms, but it is evident that the hypermmia which Dr. Hammond postulates as the cause of the various conditions which he has grouped together in his book, is what we may perhaps be allowed to term a chronic mild congestion, the word congestion being used by the author only for advanced degrees of hyperaemia, and for cases which we cannot but think were really the results of inflammation. If the various conditions described by Dr. Hammond can all be traced to a slight excess of blood in the brain, that certainly is a (iscovery in pathology which should be of the greatest service in practice; but, before announcing it as a fact, the discoverer should weigh against this hypothesis all other possible explanations of the symptoms in question, and should bring forward a carefully prepared argument in favour of his own views. This, however, we fail to find in Dr. Hammond's book. As we have said, he has left all other possible explanations unmentioned. When an organ suffers from over-fatigue, we should expect to find the seat of the disease in the tissues themselves rather than in the blood-supply. Too great a call has been made on their nutritive activity, and hence their nutrition has become impaired, and this altogether independently of any modification in their vascularity; and the difficulty will be rather to restore the vital energy of the organ than to control the circulation through it. Then, again, the overwork or other cause which has brought about this brain-exhaustion will at the same time have been productive of pernicious effects in other tissues of the body; the vitality will be everywhere lowered, the blood will be deteriorated, and hence another cause of malnutrition of the brain and the production of nervous symptoms. We find, then, that Dr. Hammond has not taken into consideration other factors which are certainly present, whatever may be their relative value ; and, on turning to his argument in favour of his own theory, it appears to us far from strong. By the nature of the disease, he can obtain little or no help from Post mortem examination; and, as a fact, we find that he has not attempted any proof of this kind. Certain symptoms seem to him consistent with a state of cerebral hypermmia, and hence he infers the existence of hyperxmia wherever these symptoms are observed. But this is a most unsatisfactory basis of argument. The greater number of the symptoms which he quotes are no more traceable to hyperoemia than they are to various other conditions; indeed, the author himself recognises this when speaking of chronic cerebral anmemia; he says, the symptoms " frequently present great resemblances to those of cerebral hyperaemia". The symptoms upon which he places the greatest reliance as indicative of hyperaemia are, the presence of vertigo, increased temperature of the scalp, and congestion of the retina and of the membrana tympani. Of vertigo, the author says, "in cerebral anaemia, it is scarcely ever a prominent symptom". We have to confess that this is a new idea to us, for we have been accustomed to look upon vertigo as one of the commonest symptoms in the condition we have hitherto believed to depend upon cerebral anoemia. As regards the alteration in surface temperature of the scalp, Dr. Hammond says that it is augmented in the cases of which he treats, and may even reach three or four degrees above the normal temperature of the body. WVe find it difficult to believe that a simple hyperzemia of the brain should give rise locally to so great an elevation, the temperature of the rest of the body remaining normal. Dr. Hammond, however, goes further, and claims to be able to tell which part of the brain is most hyperaemic, by ascertaining which parts of the scalp are hottest. We think that such a statemern needs to be much more fully supported by details than it is in this work. The other. symptoms, viz., hyperremia of the retina and of the membrana tympani, are not conclusive in a problem of comparative diagnosis like the present, for the vascularity of delicate membranes like these varies greatly in different persons and under different circumstances, and it by no means always constitutes a measure of the vascularity of the brain. Dr. Hammond attaches weight to the results of treatment directed to the removal of the hyper.emia; but in the only case narrated in the book, the treatment of which is detailed, recovery was effected by the administration of arsenic and strychnia, agents which cannot be con. sidered to act by producing contraction of vessels. In his chapter on treatment, he enumerates, one after another, a large number of remedies, but his account is so general and so wanting in scientific detaii that it is of little or no help in the argument. To sum up, we think that Dr. Hammond has failed to make out his point, that the evil results of overwork and its congeners are primarily traceable to cerebral hyperaemia. Hyperacmia may be one of the conditions present, this we have long looked upon as probable; but we are inclined to think that the main factor in these cases is impaired nutrition of the brain through exhaustion of the nervous elements.


The synthesis of donor–acceptor type semiconducting copolymers is described. Quinoxaline (QX) or difluorinated quinoxaline (DFQX) derivatives serve as electron acceptors, while thiophene (T) or selenophene (Se) serve as electron donors. Alternating polymers are synthesized through Stille cross-coupling, and their thermal stability, optical and electrochemical properties, field-effect carrier mobilities, film crystallinities, and photovoltaic performances are investigated. The intramolecular charge transfer between the electron-donating and electron-accepting units in the backbone induces absorption from 450 to 750 nm. The optical band-gap energies of the polymers are between 1.65 and 1.73 eV, and depend on the polymer structure. Organic photovoltaic cells fabricated using a polymer composed of DFQX and selenophene (PSe-DFQX) exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 5.14% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.78 V, a short-circuit current density of 11.71 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 0.57 under AM 1.5 G irradiation (100 mW cm−2). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1904–1914


For high-technology entrepreneurs, attaining an appropriate level of investment to support new ventures is challenging as substantial investment is usually required prior to revenue generation. Consequently, entrepreneurs must present their firms as investment ready in the context of an uncertain market response and an absence of any trading history. Gaining tenancy within a business incubator can be advantageous to this process given that placement enhances entrepreneurial contact with potential investors whilst professional client advisors (CAs) use their expertise to assist in the development of a credible business plan. However, for the investment proposal to be successful, it must make sense to fund managers despite their lack of technological expertise and product knowledge. Thus, this article explores how incubator CAs and entrepreneurs act in concert to mould innovative ideas into plausible business plans that make sense to venture fund investors. To illustrate this process, we draw upon empirical evidence which suggests that CAs act as sense makers between venture fund managers (VFMs) and high-technology entrepreneurs, yet their role and influence appears undervalued. These findings have implications for entrepreneurial access to much needed funding and also for the identification of investment opportunities for VFMs.


The rod breaker in YJ19 cigarette maker had complex mechanism and long gearing chain, and its stability and reliability were not satisfactory. A rotating cylinder was used to drive the deflector plate and break the rod in the improved rod breaker, the gearing chain was shortened, the mechanism was simplified, the rod breaking action was more stable and reliable, and the efficiency of the machine was improved accordingly.


The characteristics of a Fe : ZnSe laser pumped by a single-pulse free-running Er : YAG laser and a repetitively pulsed HF laser are presented. An output energy of is achieved in the case of liquid-nitrogen cooling of the : ZnSe active laser element longitudinally pumped by an Er:YAG laser with a pulse duration of and an energy up to . The laser efficiency with respect to the absorbed energy is 47%. The output pulse energy at room temperature is . The decrease in the output energy is explained by a strong temperature dependence of the upper laser level lifetime and by pulsed heating of the active element. The temperature dependence of the upper laser level lifetime is used to determine the pump parameters needed to achieve high pulse energies at room temperature. Stable repetitively-pulsed operation of the : ZnSe laser at room temperature with an average power of and a maximum pulse energy of is achieved upon pumping by a train of HF laser pulses with a repetition rate of .


In this paper we deal with the presence of the intrinsic intersymbol interference (ISI) in the filter-bank multicarrier systems. Indeed, the received data symbols are accompanied by interference terms, which complicate the detection in a maximum likelihood (ML) sense in the spatial multiplexing scheme. Detection schemes with ISI estimation and cancellation are not always effective due to the error propagation. We propose a receiver based on a partial ISI cancellation followed by the Viterbi detector. A simple tentative detector is first used to cancel partially the ISI. We show that under some conditions the ISI cancellation is effective and the performance converges to the optimum one.


Electron-beam could stimulate a living cell membrane through a 100-nm-thick SiN nanomembrane. We designed a co-axial dual microscope with an electron-beam lithography system and a fluorescence microscope to investigate bio-molecular dynamic system of living cell membrane. This microscope had a closed-looped controlling system using the fluorescence live cell imaging and the electron beam induced stimulation. The live cell imaging of the fluorescence microscope provides the chemical identity of the target molecule and the response to a following stimulation on the cell membrane, and the electron-beam can induce electro-chemical stimulation in hundreds nanometer resolution. Scanning of the electron-beam could provide high-speed, precise, and large scale stimulation on the target molecules. We attempted that the combination with this stimulation system and fluorescence microscope would provide the closed-loop control of the bio-molecule system on cell membrane. We proposed here the concept of the virtual molecule environmental display to study the functional changes on the target behavior due to our closed-loop control system on this co-axial microscope.


Pre‐clinical congestion markers of worsening heart failure (HF) can be monitored by devices and may support the management of patients with HF. We aimed to assess whether congestion‐guided HF management according to device‐based remote monitoring strategies is more effective than standard therapy.


We present sixteen-component values "sedeons", generating associative noncommutative space-time algebra. The generalized second-order and first-order equations of relativistic quantum mechanics based on sedeonic wave function and sedeonic space-time operators are proposed. We also discuss the description of fields with massive quantum on the basis of secondorder and first-order equations for sedeonic potentials.


The developed method of combined treatment of glaucoma caused by the emulsification of silicone comprising laser dissection of emulsion conglomerates, lavage, trabecular micro impulse activation is a less traumatic and highly effective treatment which makes possible to decrease and stabilize IOP and preserve visual acuity gained after a surgery for retinal detachment in 90 % of cases.


The present utility model discloses a device for measuring structure depth of a bituminous pavement. The device comprises a handcart, and a computer and a UPS power supply are arranged on the handcart; a customized triangle support is arranged in front of the handcart, a linear laser, an emission lens, a receiving lens and a camera are fixed on the triangle support, and the linear laser is opposite to the ground; the emission lens is arranged on an optical path of a light beam emitted by the laser, and the distance between the emission lens and the laser is the focal length of the emission lens; the receiving lens is arranged right ahead of the emission lens, and an intersection point of normals of the receiving lens and the emission lens lies on the ground; the camera is arranged above the front end of the receiving lens and a target surface of the camera is parallel with the receiving lens; the distance between the target surface of the camera and the receiving lens is the focal length of the receiving lens; the computer, an encoder, the linear laser and the camera are respectively connected with the UPS power supply, and the encoder and the camera are respectively connected with the computer. By adopting the device, measuring precision of the structure depth of the bituminous pavement is greatly enhanced, and the operation is simple and flexible.


Since the promulgation of al-infitah ('economic opening') by Anwar Sadat in 1974, Egypt has gradually moved away from the state-led development (SLD) economic orthodoxy of the Nasser period, replacing SLD and import substitution policies with a strategy based on the retreat of the state from economic management and an expansion of the role of the private sector. Since reaching a standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in May 1991, in particular, the Egyptian government has accelerated the pace of economic liberalization, and introduced a broad and ambitious programme to privatize state-owned enterprises across a range of economic industries. To the supporters of privatization and economic reform, the sale of public assets offers the opportunity for greater productivity, lower public debt, and increased competition and consumer choice. More ardent supporters argue that without substantial reform, Egypt will soon be unable to satisfy even its most basic needs, such as food, infrastructure and education. To its detractors, economic liberalization is, at best, unable to deliver many of the promises it makes and, at worst, will lead Egypt further into poverty and dependency on external powers for survival. The truth probably lies somewhere in between. Given the enormous economic and social challenges facing Egypt, it is difficult to argue that no economic reform is necessary, but on the other hand the arguments in favour of economic liberalization and privatization are often simplistic and overoptimistic. The benefits, and the costs, inherent in privatization and economic liberalization are especially evident in the case of the tourism sector in Egypt. In comparison with other economic sectors, tourism has traditionally had strong private sector involvement, beginning with the Thomas Cook company in the 1860s, and in the republican era (post-1952) with the establishment of the Nile Hilton hotel in Cairo in 1958. The land and assets of the Nile Hilton remained publicly owned, but the management of the hotel was left in private sector hands. More recently, however, private sector involvement and investment in tourism have expanded rapidly, so that by 1993 all investment in the tourism sector, apart from a small amount of


On October 1, 2010 the Swiss Parliament passed the Restitution of Illicit Assets Act (LRAI) with a view to achieving a more effective regime for the freezing, forfeiting and restitution of assets of illicit origin held by politically exposed persons (PEPs) in Switzerland. More concretely, the LRAI enables Swiss authorities to conduct restitution procedures even in those cases in which there is not a judicial resolution sentencing the PEP in the country from where the assets were stolen. This paper, while recognizing the positive outcomes of the LRAI also points out some relevant shortcomings that might, in the end, undermine its effective applicability and scope.


The planar, librational stability boundaries for a slender, flexible satellite under the influence of solar heating are studied here. The concept of phase space is employed which shows that the limiting condition of stability corresponds to the invariant surface with the largest surface area. The importance of such a phase space representation is emphasized as for given eccentricity, satellite length and material, and solar aspect angle, it provides all possible combinations of initial angles and velocities to which a satellite may be subjected at any point in its orbit without causing it to tumble. Charts are presented which indicate the effect of these parameters on the allowable initial disturbance for stable operation. The stability region was found to vary periodically with the solar aspect angle and was, in general, smaller in size compared to the corresponding rigid case.


Virtually all of the Friends colleges are turning simultaneously to enlarge their libraries at the present time, and such plans include new facilities for collecting and preserving Quaker historical material. Some are building or have completed new libraries, and the others, with one exception, are planning extensive renovations and expansion. Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, has just opened the Lilly Library, with space for nearly 200,000 volumes and a section called the Friends Collection. Furniture associated with the early days of Quakerism in Indiana has been gathered along with appropriate pictures, to make the alcove very attractive. There are some 9,000 volumes in the Friends Collection, including a number of seventeenth-century publications. Earlham has a sizable collection of manuscripts related to Earlham College, the papers of the artist Marcus Mote, and those of the twentiethcentury Friend, Homer Morris. The archives of various Young Friends organizations are also at Earlham. The Friends Collection is catalogued as an integral part of the 110,000 volume library at Earlham. Whittier College at Whittier, California, is completing the new Wardman Library, which will hold 300,000 volumes. This building contains a John Greenleaf Whittier Room in which the college is collecting manuscripts, first editions, and other material about Whittier. Space is also provided for the Clifford and Susan Johnson Library of Quaker Literature. This collection includes many early writings and representative materials from more recent times. In the past Whittier has not been able to spend as much time and money on this collection as it would like, but has ambitious plans for the future. A magnificent mural depicting a number of crucial events in Quaker history has been planned to extend from the ground floor to the roof on one wall of


Palladium-catalyzed allylic substitutions with nucleophiles have received considerable attention and have been extensively studied due to their versatile and specific reactivities. In these reactions, soft carbanions derived from b-dicarbonyl compounds are suitable as nucleophiles, and examples of the reaction with nonstabilized carbanions, such as monoketone enolates, are limited. An elegant solution to this problem is a decarboxylative allylation of allyl b-keto esters, in which the nonstabilized monoketone enolate is effectively formed in situ to afford an allylated product (Scheme 1). Because the reaction can be carried out under


According to slump and roof collapse accidents encountered in Guangfu tunnel works in Tian-Shan expressway surface grouting reinforcement scheme is introduced from grouting material,mix proportion,hole site setting,grouting technology and other aspects.Based upon analysis of problems existed corresponding measures are proposed to ensure engineering safety and quality.


Online Shop-ping in India is evolving fast and has the prospective to grow exponentially in the times to come. Online shopping is a growing area of technology. Online shopping has spread into every corner of life, linking people to the culture of capitalism in frequent and daily ways. In general, shopping has always catered to middle class and upper class women. Shopping is fragmented and pyramid-shaped. Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. An online shop, eshop, e- store, internet shop, web shop, web store, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall. Establishing a store on the Internet, allows for retailers to expand their market and reach out to consumers who may not otherwise visit the physical store. The convenience of online shopping is the main attraction for the consumers. Unique online payment systems offer easy and safe purchasing from other individuals. Online shopping allows people with a broad range of products in different categories. It also gives a chance to compare the same product with the others and also shows the best deal.. The benefits of shopping online also come with potential risks and dangers that consumers must be aware of. This research is conducted to study the emerging trends of online shopping retails by retailers. This report includes the various factors which are taken into consideration by the consumers for purchasing through a retail store or for online shopping. Report also takes into consideration the factors which forms the basis of comparison made by the customers, mainly the women for online shopping vis-a-vis shopping through a retail store.


Purpose To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical features of angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) and its histogenesis, as well as differential diagnosis. Methods With review of the literatures, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the clinical appearance, pathological feature and differential diagnosis in 16 cases of angiomyofibroblastoma. Results Angiomyofibroblastoma was well circumscribed, and characterized by alternating hypercellular and hypocellular edematous zones with numerous blood vessels. Tumor cells were spindled or oval, concentrated around the blood vessels. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strong positive for vimentin and desmin, only local positive for CD34, ER and PR, but all tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein, NF and CK. Conclusions AMF is a soft tissue neoplasm that occurs all over the body, principally in the vulval region of the reproductive age woman. The histophathologic origin and prognosis is still uncertain. It needs to make differential diagnoses from several tumors, such as aggressive angiomyxoma and cellular angiofibroma.


This paper aims at identifying possible drawbacks of large committees. I present a model of a committee of experts with career concerns where each expert may observe an argument about the state of the world but be unsure about the argument's soundness. Experts may remain silent or decide to be the first to announce an argument. In contrast with the existing literature, I focus on the possibility that experts may discover duplicate information. I show that experts become more reluctant to speak in larger committees as a result. This effect can be sufficiently strong to make small groups of experts optimal.


Consider many particles actuated by a uniform global external field (e.g. gravitational or magnetic fields). This paper presents analytical results using workspace obstacles and global inputs to reshape such a group of particles. Shape control of many particles is necessary for conveying information, construction, and navigation. First we show how the particles' characteristic angle of repose can be used to reshape the particles by controlling angle of attack and the magnitude of the driving force. These can then be used to control the force and torque applied to a rectangular rigid body. Next, we examine the full set of stable, achievable mean and variance configurations for the shape of a particle group in two canonical environments: a square and a circular workspace. Finally, we show how workspaces with linear boundary layers can be used to achieve a more rich set of mean and variance configurations.


Abstract Nanofluids have shown to be promising as an alternative for a PWR reactor coolant or as a safety system coolant to cover the core in the event of a loss of coolant accident. The nanoparticles distribution and neutronic parameters are intensively affected by the local boiling of nanofluid coolant. The main goal of this study was the physical-mathematical modeling of the nanoparticles distribution in the nucleate boiling of nanofluids within the viscous sublayer. Nanoparticles concentration, especially near the heat transfer surfaces, plays a significant role in the enhancement of thermal conductivity of nanofluids and prediction of CHF, Hide Out and Return phenomena. By solving the equation of convection-diffusion for the liquid phase near the heating surface and the bulk stream, the effect of heat flux on the distribution of nanoparticles was studied. The steady state mass conservation equations for liquids, vapors and nanoparticles were written for the flow boiling within the viscous sublayer adjacent the fuel cladding surface. The derived differential equations were discretized by the finite difference method and were solved numerically. It was found out that by increasing the surface heat flux, the concentration of nanoparticles increased.


This paper introduces the general developing situation and characteristics of various information carriers,points out that the traditional paper book can not be totally replaced by other new-type information carriers,and advances some suggestions on the literature construction of the library.


The aim of study was to measure serum level of adiponectin in impaired glucose tolerance subjects and compare with healthy control subjects. In this study 120 Impaired Glucose Tolerance and 120 healthy subjects (age and gender matched) were enrolled. Body Mass Index (BMI), Glucose, Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), Insulin and Adiponectin were assessed. Serum adiponectin levels were lower in impaired glucose tolerance subjects compared with healthy controls (3.1±1.1 µg/ml vs 8.5±2.2 µg/ml, respectively, P<0.0001). levels in patients with IGT than NGT. Results of this study suggest that plasma levels of adiponectin are already decreased in patients with IGT before the onset of overt diabetes, and that adiponectin levels may be a useful marker for identifying patients at high risk for coronary artery disease over in


This study explores spherically symmetric non-linear electrodynamics black holes and their effects on light propagation. We derive the governing metric, revealing radial coordinate dynamics within the event horizon. We analyze photon trajectories, finding that increasing magnetic charge expands the horizon and emission range. Using data from the Event Horizon Telescope, we constrain parameters and emission profiles. Direct emission dominates, while lensing rings play a lesser role. Comparing with Schwarzschild black holes, we observe higher intensity but a wider emission region in non-linear electrodynamics black holes. This work enhances our understanding of modified spacetimes and their impact on black hole properties.


We describe our tool for interactively creating musical controller mappings using a "play-along" paradigm, in which a user pretends to play along with a musical score in real-time using an arbitrary input control modality. As the user "performs," a supervised machine learning system builds a training dataset from the user's gestures and the synthesis engine's current parameters. After one or more training stages, the algorithm learns a mapping from user inputs to synthesis parameters. Control is transferred to the user, who can then control the synthesis in real-time.


Background Many organizations have issued recommendations to limit elective surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We surveyed providers of children's surgical care working in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand their perspectives on surgical management in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and how they were subsequently modifying their surgical care practices. Methods A survey of children's surgery providers in LMICs was performed. Respondents reported how their perioperative practice had changed in response to COVID-19. They were also presented with 26 specific procedures and asked which of these procedures they were allowed to perform and which they felt they should be allowed to perform. Changes in surgical practice reported by respondents were analyzed thematically. Results A total of 132 responses were obtained from 120 unique institutions across 30 LMICs. 117/120 institutions (97.5%) had issued formal guidance on delaying or limiting elective children's surgical procedures. Facilities in LICs were less likely to have issued guidance on elective surgery compared with middle-income facilities (82% in LICs vs 99% in lower middle-income countries and 100% in upper middle-income countries, p=0.036). Although 122 (97%) providers believed cases should be limited during a global pandemic, there was no procedure where more than 61% of providers agreed cases should be delayed or canceled. Conclusions There is little consensus on which procedures should be limited or delayed among LMIC providers. Expansion of testing capacity and local, context-specific guidelines may be a better strategy than international consensus, given the disparities in availability of preoperative testing and the lack of consensus towards which procedures should be delayed.


Blends of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymer with a metallocene (single-site type) catalyzed elastomeric ethylene-α-olefin copolymer have been investigated, with a focus on film applications. These blends were found to be immiscible in the melt and solid state, but mechanically compatible. EVA rich blends had a coarser morphology and showed more pronounced shear thinning and elastic behavior, suggesting better processability during the extrusion film blowing process. Ethylene-α-olefin copolymer rich blends displayed finer morphologies, better tensile, heat seal, and optical properties and less extrudate swell. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 22: 209–217, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10049


Films of neat and plasticized biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrices containing anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes, poly[9,9-bis(4-phenoxybutylsulfonate)]fluorene-2,7-diyl-alt-arylenes, with 1,4-phenylene and 4,4″-p-terphenylene, respectively, as arylene groups or a neutral poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene) for comparison were prepared by solution casting. These films were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the effects of plasticizer on the thermal properties and the oxygen permeability of the PLA films were measured through the oxygen transmission rate. Results show that it is possible to obtain thin, optically transparent and luminescent films with potential in oxygen sensing, exhibiting good thermal and photochemical stability. At high polyelectrolyte content, evidence is found for phase separation and aggregate formation and it is no longer possible to obtain completely homogeneous films. The possibility of incorporating the cationic metal complex tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) into plasticized PLA films containing conjugated polyelectrolytes for dual-wavelength ratiometric luminescence sensing is also discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry


During the past 30 years, Japan has had more success than most countries in quelling inflation. In the 1990s, its comparatively low inflation environment has evolved into occasional deflation and an extended period of low real growth, which was negative in fourth quarter 1997 and first quarter 1998. Longterm interest rates have fallen to under 1.5 percent and short-term rates to 0.5 percent. Given JapanÕs very low nominal interest rates, could monetary policy do still more to counter sluggish demand and deflationary forces? The chart plots growth in a broad monetary aggregate (M2+Certificates of Deposit), the GDP price deflator, and real GDP in Japan from 1970 to 1997. In the early 1970s, JapanÕs monetary growth accelerated when the U.S. dollarÕs link to gold was abandoned. Japan resisted an appreciation of its currency by allowing faster domestic monetary creation. What followed in the mid-1970s was a substantial inflation with sharp increases in oil and other primary product prices. Later in the 1970s, Japan restored a low inflation environment. It experienced nothing like the doubledigit inflation the United States saw in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Unlike the U.S. experience, JapanÕs monetary growth drifted down from levels of the early 1970s. Inflation in Japan also drifted down from a 1974 peak with only a modest relapse in 1980. There was a gradual upturn in monetary growth in the mid1980s. What followed in the late 1980s was a gradual increase in inflation, although it remained low compared with the 1970s experience. Entering the 1990s, with inflation about 2 percent, monetary growth fell sharply in 1991 and 1992. In part, this restrictive monetary impulse reflected actions by the Bank of Japan to slow rapid increases in asset prices in the so-called ÒBubble Economy.Ó What followed was that inflation in goods and services prices fell to about zero (with slight deflation in 1995 and 1996), and asset prices tumbled. Unexpected disinflationÑas presumably has occurred in Japan in the 1990sÑhas had deleterious effects on both asset prices and the soundness of bank loans. There may be other ways of restoring the Japanese economy, but the historical record that links inflation directly with monetary growth in Japan suggests that policy actions aimed at stimulating monetary growth would provide a bulwark against the problems associated with deflationary pressures and recession. Whether the Bank of Japan could pursue a more expansionary monetary policy by buying securities to increase the supply of base money is sometimes questioned because interest rates are exceptionally low in Japan. Sufficient monetary expansion, however, would meet the liquidity demands in the economy and, thereby, aid the recovery even if interest rates remain low. A central bank in a deflationary situation with troubled banks must avoid interpreting low interest rates as an indicator of an expansionary policy. When monetary growth is low and default risks are high as in Japan today, low interest rates reflect expectations of both low (or negative) inflation and rates of return. In such a situation, the appropriate focus of monetary policy is on money and not interest rates. ÐWilliam G. Dewald August 1998


Comprehensive reform of college physical education curriculum is expounded from the reforms of sports mechanism, curriculum goals, physical curriculum structure, physical education curriculum instruction and physical education curriculum evaluation system. The whole system shall breakthrough the traditional physical education concepts insist on the guiding ideology of 'Health First', embody the value of health, utility, sustainable development, evaluation concept of perspectives of incentive and development. In addition, countermeasure for the comprehensive reform of college physical education curriculum is introduced in detail.


This paper studies how spatial mismatch emerges as the equilibrium outcome of the matching between firms and agents located in geographically segmented submarkets. To do so, we develop an equilibrium search model, which explicitly considers spatial search frictions between two locations. We propose a new strategy for introducing observed heterogeneity in the wage setting mechanism. Individual observed characteristics induce heterogeneity in reservation wages of agents. As a consequence, we can disentangle the respective contributions of search frictions and individual observed heterogeneity in the unemployment and wage differentials across locations. The matching between heterogeneous firms and agents induces a locational sorting, which has undesirable welfare consequences for spatially-mismatched agents. Commuting cost and the inefficiency of search between locations act as competing forces that prevent the convergence of key labor market outcomes across locations. Using estimates from the French Labor Survey, the model quantifies the welfare loss due to spatial mismatch and proposes a formal test of the efficiency of place-based and transportation subsidy policies.


Ocean ambient noise is generated in many ways such as from winds, rain and shipping. A technique has recently been developed (Harrison and Simons, J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 112 no. 4, 2002) that uses the vertical directionality of ambient noise to determine seabed properties. It was shown that taking a ratio of upward looking beams to downward produces an estimate of the reflection loss. This technique was applied to data in the 200–1500 Hz band using a 16‐m vertical array. Extending this to higher frequencies allows the array length to be substantially shortened and greatly reduces interference from shipping. If array lengths can be reduced to about 1 m then it may be possible to hull‐mount or tow such an array from a surface ship or submerged vehicle (e.g. an autonomous underwater vehicle). Although this seems attractive the noise is primarily generated by wind which in turn causes a rough sea‐surface and bubbles and these factors combined with increased volume attenuation may degrade this type of reflec...


Wild animals are inseparable part of the nature and are part and parcel of our religion, culture and way of life. The paper gives the results of survey carried out, by the author, among the people of Dehra Dun and adjacent areas for ascertaning the views of the people for wildlife conservation. The results of the survey are discused here. The results indicates that teachers and students are most interested in Wildlife conservation. Among other classes also, due to the influence of religion, there is recognition of the role of wildlife and people are favourably inclined for the conservation of wildlife, but not always at the cost of their interests arising out of socio-ecconomic problems.


The paper suggests that higher vocational institutions deliver life,survival and living education which is expected to teach students to cherish life,learn to survive,enjoy life and set up right life outlook on values.


Background: Although the radiographic parameters for diagnosing central lumbar canal stenosis are well described, parameters for the diagnosis of neuroforaminal stenosis (NFS) are less well defined. Previous studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiography to describe neuroforaminal dimensions (NFDs). Those methods, however, have limitations that may substantially distort measurements. Existing literature on the use of computed tomography (CT) to investigate normal NFDs is limited. Methods: This anatomic assessment evaluated CT imaging of 300 female and 300 male subjects between 18 and 35 years of age to determine normal NFDs, specifically the sagittal anteroposterior width, axial anteroposterior width, craniocaudal height, and area. Statistical analyses were performed to assess differences in NFDs according to variables including sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, and ethnicity. Results: Overall, mean NFDs were 9.08 mm for sagittal anteroposterior width, 8.93 mm for axial anteroposterior width, 17.46 mm for craniocaudal height, and 134.78 mm2 for area (n = 6,000 measurements each). Male subjects had larger NFDs than females at multiple levels. Both Caucasian and Asian subjects had larger NFDs than African-American subjects at multiple levels. There were no associations between foraminal dimensions and anthropometric factors. Conclusions: This study describes CT-based L1-S1 NFDs in young, healthy patients who presented with reasons other than back pain or pathology affecting the neuroforamen. Dimensions were influenced by sex and ethnicity but were not influenced by anthropometric factors. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


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Use of auxiliary elements in refining and betterment of engineering properties of soil have gained attention since a long time ago. Nowadays the effectiveness and capability of the soil reinforcing technique for giving proper practical solutions in various projects have resulted in this technique quickly gaining a place in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, the results of laboratory studies on such characteristics as width and height of the geocell element on load-bearing capacity and settlement of footings have been modelled numerically. It should be noted that the laboratory studies have been carried out in the uniaxial apparatus and analytical studies have been carried out utilizing the finite element software ABAQUS 6.11. by investigating the results it can be seen that in the case of using a geocell element in reinforcing the soil, the load-bearing capacity of the footing increases 1.65 times in comparison with the non-reinforced sample, while settlement in the reinforced footing – with geocell – is only 1.15 times more than the non-reinforced footing. Furthermore when the increase in load-bearing capacity of the footing has a significant importance, the best scenario is increasing the height of the geocell element. But when the footing's settlement is of significant importance, we can have more effective results by changing the width of the geocell element. By comparing the results from numerical and laboratory studies, an appropriate agreement is observed and in all cases the analytical studies have more conservative results compared to the results from laboratory studies.


SUPPOSITORIES STABLE WELL THEY CONTAIN INGREDIENTS VOLATILE ETOU decomposable. SUPPOSITORIES THESE CONTAIN 0.05 20 IN WEIGHT OF A COMPLEX INCLUSION OF ONE OR MORE ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND VOLATILE ETOU decomposable THE A-, B- OF OR G-cYCLODEXTRIN, AND 99.95 TO 80 WEIGHT MASS KNOWN BASIC TYPE AND COMMONLY USED sUPPOSITORIES FOR PREPARATION OF sUPPOSITORIES. The INCLUSION COMPLEX OPERATION INVENTION PRESENTS SPECIAL BENEFITS WHEN THE ACTIVE COMPONENT IS AN ESSENTIAL OIL AS GASOLINE FENNEL OFFICINAL.


Abstract This paper studies numerically the convection of water vapour in snowpacks using an Eulerian–Eulerian two-phase approach. The convective water vapour transport in snow and its effects on snow density are often invoked to explain observed density profiles, e.g. of thin Arctic snow covers, but this process has never been numerically simulated and analysed in a systematic manner. Here, the impact of convection on the thermal and phase change regimes as a function of different snowpack depths, thermal boundary conditions and Rayleigh numbers is analysed. We find considerable impact of natural convection on the snow density distribution with a layer of significantly lower density at the bottom of the snowpack and a layer of higher density located higher in the snowpack or at the surface. We find that emergent heterogeneity in the snow porosity results in a feedback effect on the spatial organization of convection cells causing their horizontal displacement. Regions where the snowpack is most impacted by phase changes are found to be horizontally extended and vertically thin, 'pancake'-like layers at the top and bottom of the snowpack. We further demonstrate that among the parameters important for natural convection, the snowpack depth has the strongest influence on the heat and mass transfer. Despite our simplifying assumptions, our study represents a significant improvement over the state of the art and a first step to accurately simulate snowpack dynamics in diverse regions of the cryosphere.


Theorem. If all nont r iv ia l zeros ß + iy of £(s) wi th |-;| < Τ lie on the crit ical line σ= 1/2 and a rc simple then [ι 1 i+ 1 1 Υ ι , y ι Jif Y >c(T). Us ing the c o m p u t a t i o n a l result of R. P. Brent we get sign changes in every interval [ y ' ~ 1 0 , V] for y > c , (explicit cons tan t ) . T h e fo rmer best result , d u e to I. K á t a i gua ran t ee s sign changes in the intervals of fo rm [y ( --\ y], y > ¡ 2 . AMS-Classification: 10 Ν 44


In a self-facilitated dialog, Linda Buzzell and Craig Chalquist, editors of the anthology, Ecotherapy: Healing with Nature in Mind (Sierra Club Books, 2009), explore the question: "Do women have a special role to play in healing the troubled human relationship to the dying ecosphere?" In their conversation, the collaborators speak from their roles as ecotherapist and ecopsychologist, and explore the ways in which they believe gender informs human's interrelationship with the natural world.


The popularity and patient compliance of the oral drug delivery route encourages the modern forms of oral dosage forms which are more beneficiary. These include oro-dispersible tablets, controlled release tablets, effervescent and non effervescent gastro retentive floating tablets. Among these, gastro retentive tablets have prominent role in delivery of drugs with constraints such as drugs having absorption window, those absorbed locally from the upper GI tract region, and those with relatively short half-lives. But conventional dosage forms like tablets are losing their integrity due to multiple dosage regimens. Gastro retentive systems overcome these constraints and enable a delivery strategy that will function irrespective of the digestive state, clinical condition, or GI motility of the patient. In addition, longer residence time in the stomach could be advantageous in ensuring local action in the upper part of the small intestine, for example in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and localized stomach cancers. Furthermore, improved bioavailability is expected for drugs that are absorbed readily upon release in the GI tract, primarily those absorbed from the proximal small bowel. These drugs can be delivered ideally by slow release from the stomach. Various scientific and technological attempts have been made in the development of gastroretentive dosage forms to overcome several physiological adversities, such as short gastric retention time and unpredictable gastric emptying time. Floating microspheres are the gastroretentive dosage forms are able to uniform drug release at a site for an extended period of time. The porosity has an important effect on drug release characteristics and pores may greatly increase the rate of drug expulsion and also floating property. This review highlights the classification, factors, mechanism of floating of microspheres, characterization, preparation method, development, polymers, applications, in-vitro, in vivo drug release studies and the effect of porosity on the drug release.


This monograph was designed as an introduction to electrocardiography with emphasis on pediatric experience. The subject matter ranges from sublimely theoretical considerations to the day-to-day methods of reporting and classification. The author provides useful practical points regarding the electronics and physics of electrocardiographic equipment. Arrhythmias and myocardial infarction are superficially covered since these are scarcely large problems in pediatrics. The recognition of ventricular hypertrophy is the main concern. While a great amount of material has been compressed for the sake of brevity, the author maintains a lucid style. Interwoven and openly stated is the persuasive philosophic approval of electrocardiography. The illustrations are notable for their clarity and are not hypothetical drawings. Electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms from the same patient are presented on the same page for comparison. Throughout, the vector approach is utilized to explain the electrocardiographic record. Concise rules for the interpretation of patterns are presented. There will always be


In order to improve the waveform quality and reduce the harmonics of inverter for small wind power system (SWPS), a single phase sinusoidal inverter with high-frequency link is proposed in this paper. Two BP neural network (BPNN) controllers are designed to control the proposed inverter. One BPNN control the indirect DC/DC converter part to obtain stable DC voltage, and the other BPNN control the latter inverter part to achieve the output voltage with sinusoidal wave. A simulation studies based on Matlab is done. The result shows that the designed inverter with the BPNN controller can produce good quality of sinusoidal waveforms and have low total harmonic distortion. So the designed single phase sinusoidal inverter for SWPS can satisfy the performance requirement of high conversion efficiency and stability.


Some changes such as increased use of technology in the health services, the rapid development of information technology,increase the number of chronically ill and elderly population led to emergence of the tele-nursing's concept and it impacted on nursing services which are an important element of human resources. The provision of nursing care using telecommunications technology execution of nursing practice is called 'tele-nursing' in intensive care units. Tele-nursing haslots of advantage, such as it always provide carei potentially improve the patient safety and quality of care, contach with many health professionals,store the records in electronic medias and the flow of information to be fast in critical stuations, short lenght of concultation and refferal of patients, provide the use of a variety of medical devices, less need for health care personel and reduce the cost. However, it is caused some disadvantage like social isolation among patient- nurse and nurse- healthcare providers, application cannot be fulfilled exactly due to prejudice of health care personel and power out ages.In conclusion, brought many positive innovations with tele-nursing practices in intensive care units. Although it still infancy in Turkey, it is considered that nursing practices have beter quality in the future with development of this applications that are used diagnoses, follow-up andcommunication with patients in lots of branshes all over the world.We aimed to give information on the use of tele-nursing in intensivecare nursing services.


TRANSIT PROBLEMS AND THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT PROBLEMS ARE TIED CLOSELY TOGETHER. THE PROBLEM IS TO GET THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PEOPLE INTO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DIS- TRICT. WHERE THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT HAS REACHED A SATURATION POINT, IT IS A MISTAKE TO BUILD FREEWAYS INTO THE HEART OF THE CENTRL CITY, ADDING NOT ONLY MORE PEOPLE BUT ALSO MORE AUTOMOBILES. THE BASIC DEMAND TO MOVE PEOPLE IS ANSWERED BY TRANSIT. HOWEVER, THE MATTER OF PAYING FOR TRANSIT IS A PROBLEM BECAUSE FEW TRANSIT FACILITIES CAN BE FINANCED WITHOUT PUBLIC SUBSIDY. THE TRANSIT PROBLEM MUST BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION DURING THE DESIGN OF EXPRESS- WAYS AND FREEWAYS.


This study investigated the benefits of a cashless payment system.The main tool used in gathering information for this study was a questionnaire.  Persons within the Adentan-Madina locality were the targeted group.  Thus a variety of persons from different social background, educational level, and diverse occupations were conveniently sampled for the study.  Findings from the research showed that respondents were aware of the benefits derived from the usage of cashless payment system.  Respondents believed that E-payments were convenient for business transactions than the cash system, such that vast amount of payments of goods and services can be transacted via E-payment to avoid theft and robbery.  Consequently, there was the appeal to the government and the financial sector to the requisite infrastructure needed to enhance the usage of the cashless payment systems.


Electron diffraction patterns, x-ray precision patterns and synchrotron Rietveld powder diffraction profiles were used to study the crystal structure of the pseudo-perovskite compd. Pb2(Sc,Ta)O6 (PST). The results of a Rietveld refinement and single-crystal x-ray precision studies showed that PST has a lower symmetry than the cubic Fm3m in the paraelec. state. The remarkable similarities between the crystal structures of the antiferroelec. Pb2(Mg,W)O6 (PMW) and ferroelec. PST were studied in detail by electron diffraction and it is suggested that PST is a weak or frustrated antiferroelec. oxide. The influence of the degree of structural long-range order on the existence of an antiferroelec. phase transition in PST and PMW is discussed. [on SciFinder(R)]


A new and completely diastereoselective method for the introduction of fluorine into a noncarbohydrate sugar ring precursor has been developed. The use of N-fluorodibenzenesulfonimide (5) for the electrophilic fluorination of chiral lactone 4, which is derived from l-glutamic acid, yields the key intermediate 6. This is transformed into an anomeric acetate 8 and is used for the synthesis of a number of novel α-2'-fluoronucleosides. Since glutamic acid is used as the synthetic starting material, the l enantiomer may also be synthesized simply by using d-glutamic acid. The incorporation of fluorine into the 2' position of the nucleoside provides several advantages including acid stability of the anomeric bond and general resistance to oxidative metabolism. Further, fluorine is a close mimic of hydroxyl groups in size and polarity and in its ability to act as a hydrogen bond acceptor. This may aid in the recognition of these nucleosides by the enzymes involved in nucleoside activation.


A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2002 and 2003 at Sabour study the effect of nitrogen and weed management in direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Grain and straw yields of rice and N, P and K uptake by rice crop and weeds increased significantly with successive increase in nitrogen up to 120 kg/ha. The splits in which basal application of nitrogen was skipped off resulted in significantly higher yield attributes, grain and straw yields and nutrient uptake by crop in comparison to splits wherein part of nitrogen was applied at sowing owing to lower weed dry weight and nutrient depletion by weeds that resulted in higher weed-control efficiency and N-use efficiency. Among the weed-management practices, 2 hand-weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing and pre-emergence application of butachlor at 1.5 kg/ha + 1 hand-weeding at 30 DAS were at par; they significantly reduced the density and dry weight of weeds and nutrient depletion by weeds. These treatments significantly increased the nutrient uptake by the crop, resulting in higher grain yield (4.18 and 4.16 t/ha) of 120 kg N/ha as a result of higher weed-control efficiency (90.6 and 84.3%), N-use efficiency (33.5 and 32.9 kg grain/kg of N applied) and production efficiency (60.4 and 60.3 kg grain/kg N applied) respectively. However, minimum nutrient uptake by crop and miximum nutrient removal by weeds were noted under weedy check.


Refugee families, particularly children and youth, are considered a vulnerable population. They face many health concerns, including barriers to accessing the healthcare system, which may stem from lack of familiarity with the health care system. Despite the great efforts Canada is putting forward to address newcomer needs, there are limited health promotion efforts directed at Arabic-speaking refugee families, particularly in the wake of the influx of Syrian families since 2015. In fact, there is a lack of well-structured, evidence-based, health promotion program, specifically focusing on Arabic-speaking refugee children and youth.

 We took a qualitative approach, in which semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, coded and analyzed using a qualitative framework technique. Six focus groups were conducted, in which a total of 25 Arabic-speaking refugee parents were interviewed by Arabic-speaking interviewers.

 Among the 25 participants, 18 reported that they were not aware of existing health promotion presentations in our local area. Moreover, none of the 7 participants who were aware of such presentations have ever attended any. The major reason reported is not being invited to attend. Additionally, of the 25 participants, 24 have expressed their desire of having a child and youth health promotion program in Arabic. Among the most requested topics to be presented include medication coverage and pharmacy access in Canada, first-aid management, dental care, interpretation services, healthy lifestyle, fever measurement and management, prevention of unintentional injuries, navigating the Canadian healthcare system and mental health. Moreover, several factors were described to facilitate the families' attendance to the health promotion presentations. These include presenting about topics of relevance to the refugee families, having the presentations in Arabic, providing parking spaces, having someone to accompany the families' children during the presentations, arranging the presentations over the weekend or after 5 pm during the weekdays and holding the presentations in a place close to where the families live.

 Arabic-speaking refugee families describe strong interest in attending in-person health promotion sessions in Arabic, focusing on child and youth health, and outline diverse topics of interest.


In the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, the high rates of births attended by skilled health personnel (SHP) do not equal access to quality maternal or newborn care. 'A healthy start for every newborn' for 23 million annual births in the region means that SHP and newborn care providers give quality intrapartum, postpartum and newborn care. WHO and the UNICEF Regional Action Plan for Healthy Newborn Infants provide a platform for countries to scale‐up Early Essential Newborn Care (EENC). The plan emphasises the creation of an enabling environment for the practice of EENC; thereby, preventing 50 000 newborn deaths annually.


This study aimed to determine the depositional effect and improve the identification of debris flow risk zones. To accomplish this goal, we developed a two-dimensional debris flow model (Deb2D) based on a hyperbolic conservation form of the mass and the momentum balance equation with consideration of the erosion–entrainment effect as well as the depositional effect. In this model, we implemented a widely-used rheological equation—the Voellmy equation—and a quadtree adaptive grid-based shallow-water equation. This model was applied to two study sites to assess the depositional effect. The impact area, volume of soil loss, maximum velocity, inundated depth, and erosion depth resulting from the debris-flow modeling were compared with the field data. The simulation results with/without deposition were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic method. The implementation results of the erosion–entrainment model with deposition showed superior accuracy when estimating the damage range and flow time.