Abstract The experiment was conducted at Kulumsa, South East Ethiopia, using four levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 50,100 and 150 kg N ha−1) and four levels of phosphorus (P) (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg P2O5 ha−1) fertilizers arranged in 4 × 4 factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The available P was increased after harvest due to the application of N and P fertilizer at the rates of 100 or 150 kg N ha−1 and 70 or 105 kg P2O5 ha−1. More specifically, nutrients concentration and nutrient uptake were significantly (p < .01) varied among treatment combinations and nutrient use efficiency was declined by increasing N and P after optimum rates. The higher physiological efficiency of N (53.47 kg kg−1) and P (580.41 kg kg−1) and the highest apparent recovery of N (19.62%) and P (2.47%) was recorded from application of 50 kg N ha−1 and P at 70 kg P2O5 ha−1 and the highest agronomic efficiency of N (10.78 kg kg−1) and P (15.25 kg kg−1) was recorded from N at the rate of 50 kg N ha−1 and P at 35 kg P2O5 ha−1, respectively. The combination of N at 100 kg N ha−1 and P at 70 kg P2O5 ha−1 was promising combination that generated highest net benefit 488,878.5 ETB (Ethiopian birr) ha−1 with the highest marginal rate of return (36638%) and gave the highest seed yield (1858.82 kg ha−1) with yield increment of about 57.72% over the control.


A systematic variation of functionalizing addends, covalently linked to the fullerene core, has been probed in light of facilitating fullerene incorporation into artificial lipid bilayer membranes. Electron transfer studies, by means of time-resolved pulse radiolysis, show that structurally balanced fullerene derivatives were successfully incorporated into various vesicular matrices which, in turn, enabled a very efficient fullerene reduction by hydrated electrons and *CH 2 OH radicals.


An accurate and selective method for the continuous determination of copper and zinc with 2-(5chloro-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol(5-Cl-DEPAP)as complexometric titration indicator and EDTA as titrant is described in the medium of acetic acidsodium acetate at pH 5.5.The end points for copper and zinc are sharp.The amounts of copper and zinc are directly proportional to the volume of EDTA solution consumed in the range of 0-25 mg,and copper and zinc do not interfere with each other in the mass ratio of 1∶10-10∶1.The method has been used for the determination of copper and zinc in synthetic samples with satisfactory results.


The determination of urinary 17-ketosteroids has limited applications in the understanding and diagnosis of the nature of endocrine disorders associated with mild hirsutism and virilism in the female, because a very large number of these patients excretes 17-ketosteroids well within the normal range. Recent experience of Finkelstein, Forchielli and Dorfman (1) suggests that in these cases the blood levels and nature of the circulating androgens may be very important. Earlier indirect evidence (2-12) and the more recent isolation and partial identification of sulfates of dehydroisoandrosterone, androsterone, and etiocholanolone by Baulieu (13) indicate that 17-ketosteroids are present in plasma mainly in the form of esters. Direct estimation of these conjugated steroids in plasma offers distinct advantages: the alteration of the steroid molecule which occurs with certain types of hydrolysis as well as possible problems of incomplete hydrolysis can be circumvented. Also, information concerning the physiological significance of the steroid conjugating mechanisms may be gained through direct qualitative and quantitative estimation of these conjugates. The present paper describes a convenient method, using quantitative paper chromatography, for the estimation of dehydroisoandrosterone and androsterone sulfates (DHIA-SO and Andro-SO4) in plasma.


The Pauline theme of the Gospel versus Law surfaces in Chapter Six. Before the Law we can only experience ourselves as sinful, "life in the world, even conscientious, responsible life, cannot extract itself from its own sinful predicament . . ." (98). We are required, therefore, to discern God's will within the institutions of our ordinary life. On pages 105-08, Benne outlines five helpful steps of discernment. Yet even when discernment points us toward prayerful action for the Reign of God, Benne reminds the reader, one "throws oneself on the mercy of God" (107). In Part III, Benne examines the responsibility of the Christian within the institutions of marriage and family life, work, public life, and the Church. In the chapter on marriage and family life, Benne offers an outline for a positive theology of sexuality which portrays sexual relations as a symbolic language meant to express intimacy, love and the possibility of new life. Benne then articulates the moral norms which flow from this theological stance. His views toward issues such as equality in marriage and homosexuality, though nuanced and open, remain traditional. Benne's discussion of economic institutions in the chapter on work reflects the author's particular interest in social ethics. While he proposes that the "vision of agape" must permeate the Christian's professional life, he says little about the need for significant structural change in the economic life of the nation. Indeed Benne seems to laud the success of the market economy. Though the market certainly reveals serious flaws and "should never be mistaken for the voice of God," Benne concludes, "nevertheless the market provides a roughly democratic way of dealing out rewards for contributions" (158-59). Ordinary Saints is a didactic book. While the author pays careful attention to the changing times, he does not hesitate to propose attitudes and practices which he considers normative for Christians. The writing is clear and direct, if not captivating. At times Benne employs formal theological language, such as the distinction between heteronomy and autonomy in chapter five. Generally, however, Benne clearly defines such terms for the less versed reader. He often intersperses personal and other stories in appropriate places to illustrate important points. A helpful bibliography at the end of each chapter contains entries from many Christian traditions. Ordinary Saints is valuable as a thoughtful, coherent interpretation of Christian spirituality from a classical Protestant perspective. The book would be accessible to upper-division college students with some theological background, for example, in a course on contemporary Protestant thought. Given the book's orientation toward everyday Christian life, Ordinary Saints would serve to demonstrate the relationship between theology and life, to illustrate how each shapes and impacts the other as the believer responds in faith, hope and love to the Word of God.


An effective path tracking control algorithm with speed adjustment is proposed. Traditional algorithms only use kinematic characteristics and take no consideration of dynamic restrains. Besides, most of the earlier studies on steering control assume that the longitudinal speed is constant, which is not reasonable. In this paper, we use an improved CLA with a PID controller for tight path tracking, and suggest a feed-forward control method to eliminate the heading errors caused by dynamic conditions while tracking a desired path. Furthermore, the vehicle speed control strategy according to future path information is also proposed. Finally, the proposed algorithm is implemented on the intelligent vehicle BJUT-IV, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an accurate and effective path tracking, and improves in robustness and stability to dynamic effects.


Thank you for permitting debate on the important issue of the role of the nurse practitioner in pediatrics.
 Dr. A. H. Matlin comes to the surprising conclusion that nurse practitioners often practice better anticipatory guidance than physicians and "their services should, if anything, be worth more." If Dr. Matlin is serious in his view, he should experiment by referring physicians' children to the nurse practitioners for this "better guidance" and observe the subsequent reaction. In our society, a professional man is compensated for his service on the basis of his training and the responsibility he takes.


The coming of times of network economy, marked by internet technology, improves businesses to change their concept of management. The paper separately analyzes the change of service concept of producers, agencies and business activities of an enterprise. Its purpose is to remind business managers to make good use of the market chance and improve the competitive power in an enterprise.


Temporary haul road layout design is a main factor influencing the cost and safety of haulage in heavy civil construction, especially on large site grading projects which entail mass earthworks. The ideal design of temporary haul road layout is to deliver the project in the lowest construction budget while guaranteeing haulage safety. Previous research endeavours have focused on achieving the lowest earthmoving cost in designing temporary haul road layout but failed to incorporate the equally important safety factors, thus rendering the optimized design to be possibly associated with high safety risks. This paper proposes a framework that aims to quantify haul road design related safety factors in a large site grading project. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology is further evaluated by a real world case study. A comparative table with information on safety performance index values and safety indicator values of four alternative layout designs is given to visualize the quantification outcome. In conclusion, the proposed methodology enables construction planners to quantitatively evaluate haul road related safety impact, leading to significant improvements in the safety performance of temporary haul road layout.


Thomas Wolfe is best known for his autobiographical novels, Look Homeward,Angel, Of Time and the River, The Web and the Rock, and You Can't Go Home Again. Internet Sites about Thomas Wolfe


AIM:To analyze the apoptosis and proliferation of HERS (Hertwig's epithelial root sheath) and to evaluate the roles of HERS cells in the development of cementum. METHODS: Apoptosis was identified by the terminal deoxy-transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Cytokeratin 14(CK 14) was applied as a special marker of HERS cells. SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 protein and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). RESULTS:After the completion of crown formation, the inner and outer enamel epithelia fused below the level of crown cervical enamel to produce a bilayered epithelial sheath termed HERS, which positively expressed PCNA but negatively Bcl-2. Immediately after formation of predentin, HERS postively expressed TUNEL and then disintegrated. Cementoblasts could be found beside these disintegrated HERS. Latterly some cells migrated into the periodontal ligament and aggregated to form ERM cell clusters. However, several cells incorporated in the cementum, positively expressed CK14, which hinted their epithelial origin. CONCLUSION:Apoptosis of HERS cells may be the signal of cementum development, and some HERS cells may be directly participate in the progress.


Manufacturing provides high paying jobs for nearly 10 percent of working Californians. Compared to the 2004 California median income of slightly more than $37,000, the average annual income earned in manufacturing was $57,000. Based upon a complex, but well accepted method of shift-share analysis for the periods 1999 to 2001 and 2002 to 2005, we find that much of these losses in California's manufacturing activity are tied to national and international economic trends that are beyond the control of the State's policymakers. So there is statistically based evidence that although things still remain bad in many manufacturing sectors in California, they are not as bad as in these same sectors in the United States as a whole. Nevertheless, some (especially many in the business community) believe that a significant portion of California's loss in manufacturing base is attributable to statewide public policies that raise the cost of doing business in the State. This paper explores this concern in detail by examining: (1) Is It in California's Best Interest to Pursue Manufacturing Jobs? (2) Factors Cited in Policy and Business Discussions as Being Important to Why California is Losing Manufacturing. (3) What Previous Empirical Studies Have Found As Important Determinants of Intra-State Manufacturing Location. (4) The Effect of Current California Business Climate on Manufacturing Investment. (5) Suggested Policies to Retain/Increase Manufacturing Investment.


This paper surveys all currently available open-source EIGRP implementations and provides an overview of the EIGRP protocol itself as defined in its open specification released in RFC 7868. The reader will also become acquainted with the architecture and history of Quagga routing suite and its fork., FRR. Features and the state of all the current open-source EIGRP implementations are compared to each other and the RFC. Emphasis is placed on Quagga one developed on Department of InfoCom Networks., University of Žilina.


We discuss the properties of AlGaN∕GaN superlattice (SL) related to the feasibility of a terahertz-range oscillator. The distortion of the conduction-band profile by the polarization fields has been taken into account. We have calculated the conduction-band offset between the pseudomorphic AlGaN barrier and the GaN quantum well, the first miniband width and energy dispersion, as functions of Al content in the barrier. As the short-period SL miniband energy dispersion contains contributions from next to nearest neighbors, it causes anharmonic electron oscillations at the multiples of the fundamental Bloch frequency. The Al content and SL period that favor high-frequency oscillations have been determined.


The paper assesses the ways the Somali diaspora in Denmark is contributing to peacebuilding in their home country through what is known in peace studies as Multi-Track Diplomacy. It starts by defining the concepts of peacebuilding and Multi-track Diplomacy, showing how the latter works as an instrument for the former. The paper then describes and analyzes how, through a varied array of activities that include all tracks of diplomacy as classified by the Diamond&McDonald model, members of Danish diaspora function as interface agents between their home and host societies helping to build the conditions for a stable peace. The article also analyzes how the diplomacy tracks carried out by the Somali-Danish diaspora, as well as the extent of their reach, are shaped by the particular characteristics of this group vis-à-vis other Somali diasporic communities: namely, its small size and relatively high levels of integration and acculturation into the Danish host society.


The influence of sleep on motor skill consolidation has been a research topic of increasing interest. In this study we distinguished general skill learning from sequence-specific learning in a probabilistic implicit sequence learning task (Alternating Serial Reaction Time) in young and old adults before and after a 12-hour offline interval which did or did not contain sleep (pm-am and am-pm groups respectively). The results showed that general skill learning, as assessed via overall RT, improved offline in both the young and older groups, with the young group improving more than the old. However, the improvement was not sleep-dependent, in that there was no difference between the am-pm and pm-am groups. We did not find sequence-specific offline improvement in either age group for either the am-pm or pm-am groups, suggesting that consolidation of this kind of implicit motor sequence learning may not be influenced by sleep.


The reproductive potential of two lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations with dissimilar growth rates was studied and compared. The smaller-sized Pigeon Lake females and the larger-sized Buck Lake females had similar ratios of gonad weight to body weight during the gonad development period, but the Pigeon Lake fish produced fewer but larger eggs. Spawning occurred in both lakes for a period approaching 4 mo in both open water and under ice cover in a wide range of water temperatures. Concentrated spawning occurred in shallow water over a boulder, gravel, and sand surficial lake sediment of both lakes. The incubation of whitefish eggs was retarded under ice cover but accelerated to hatching as the water warmed and the ice left the lakes in the spring. The length of the egg incubation period, not the size of the egg under incubation, governed the size of the hatching lake whitefish.


The focus of this research is to investigate the relationship between the flow characteristics and heat transfer on enhanced surfaces. Internally enhanced surfaces, such as micro-fins, are an important class of heat transfer enhancement in commercial applications. Many research papers discuss the design and optima of these surfaces. However, most previous studies have demonstrated only the macro relationship between the geometries of the micro-fins and heat transfer. The need for a deeper understanding of these fins arose from some currently unsolved problems that limit future development of enhanced surfaces. First, why are increases of heat transfer larger than area increases in micro-finned tubes in most cases? Second, why do internally micro-finned tubes typically have lower heat-transfer-enhanced ratios in laminar and transition flows? First, a comprehensive literature review on internal micro-fins is conducted in this dissertation. Previous experimental and numerical results of internal micro-fins are addressed in the chapter. Second, the dissertation introduces comprehensive experimental measurements including particle image velocimetry (PIV), measurement of the heat transfer coefficient, and accuracy of pressure-drop measurements. Third, validated numerical simulations are then used to predict flow characteristics and heat transfer. Large eddy simulations (LES) are mainly applied to the numerical simulations. The setup of inlet conditions for a LES is a complex and important problem if an accurate numerical result is desired. In this study, PIV results are incorporated into boundary conditions of LES. Parallel processing is an effective computation strategy in which many calculations are carried out simultaneously. In this dissertation, effects of shared-memory parallel processing on LES are presented. The numerical simulations are conducted in the duct with smooth surfaces and enhanced surfaces. The numerical simulation includes both heat conduction in the metal structure and heat convection on the solid-fluid interface. Finally, the dissertation documents how the flow characteristics link with the enhancement of heat transfer in the micro-finned duct, which answers the two problems mentioned in the beginning. The study in the dissertation shows that: (1) a method for generating inflow boundary conditions in a square duct by using PIV measurement results is developed. The new method of generating boundary conditions for LES satisfies the features of good boundary conditions. (2) a new numerical model with LES is used to study the relationship between flow characteristics and heat transfer in a square duct with micro-fins. Good agreements are found when the experimental results are compared to the numerical simulation results. Validation of large eddy simulations for modeling micro-structured enhanced heat transfer surfaces


The Apollo virtual microscope is a means of viewing, over the Internet, polished thin sections of every rock in the Apollo lunar sample collections via software, duplicating many of the functions of a petrological microscope, is described. Images from the Apollo 11 and 12 missions may be viewed at: www.virtualmicroscope.org/content/apollo. Introduction: During the six NASA missions to the Moon from 1969-72 a total of 382 kilograms of rocks and soils, often referred to as "the legacy of Apollo", were collected and returned to Earth. A unique collection of polished thin sections (PTSs) was made from over 400 rocks by the Lunar Sample Curatorial Facility at the Johnson Spacecraft Center (JSC), Houston. These materials have been available for loan to approved PIs but of course they can't be simultaneously investigated by several researchers unless they are co-located or the sample is passed back and forward between them by mail/hand carrying which is inefficient and very risky for irreplaceable material. When The Open University (OU), the world's largest Distance Learning Higher Education Establishment found itself facing a comparable problem (how to supply thousands of undergraduate students with an interactive petrological microscope and a personal set of thin sections), it decided to develop a software tool called the Virtual Microscope (VM). As a result it is now able to make the unique and precious collection of Apollo specimens universally available as a resource for concurrent study by anybody in the world's Earth and Planetary Sciences community. Herein, we describe the first steps of a collaborative project between OU and the Johnson Space Center (JSC) Curatorial Facility to record a PTS for every lunar rock, beginning with those collected by the Apollo 11 and 12 missions. Method: Production of a virtual microscope dedicated to a particular theme divides into four main parts - photography, image processing, building and assembly of virtual microscope components, and publication on a website. Two large research quality microscopes are used to collect all the images required for a virtual microscope. The first is part of an integrated package that utilizes Leica PowerMosaic software and a motorised XYZ stage to generate large area mosaics. It includes a fast acquisition camera and depending on the PTS size normally is used to produce seamless mosaic images consisting of 100-500 individual photographs. If the sample is suitable, three mosaics of each sample are recorded - plane polarised light, between crossed polars and reflected light. In order for the VM to be a true petrological microscope it is necessary to recreate the features of a rotating stage and perform observations using filters to produce polarised light. Thus the petrological VM includes the capability of seeing changes in optical properties (pleochroism and birefringence) during rotation allowing mineral identification. The second microscope in the system provides the functions of the rotating stage. To this microscope we have added a robotically controlled motor to acquire seventy-two images (5 degree intervals) in plane polarised light and between crossed polars. To process the images acquired from the two microscopes involves a combination of proprietary software (Photoshop) and our own in-house code. The final stage involves assembling all the components in an HTML5 environment. Pathfinder investigations: We have undertaken a number of pilot studies to demonstrate the efficacy of the petrological microscope with lunar samples. The first was to make available on-line images collected from the Educational Package of Apollo samples provided by NASA to the UK STFC (Science and Technical Facilities Council) for loan as educational material e.g. for schools. The real PTSs of the samples are now no longer sent out to schools removing the risks associated with transport, accidental breakage and eliminating the possibility of loss. The availability of lunar sample VM-related material was further extended to include twenty-eight specimens from all of the Apollo missions. Some of these samples were made more generally available through an ibook entitled "Moon Rocks: an introduction to the Geology of the Moon," free from the Apple Bookstore. Research possibilities: Although the Virtual Microscope was originally conceived as a teaching aid and was later recognised as a means of public outreach and engagement, we now realize that it also has enormous potential as a high level research tool. Following discussions with the JSC Curators we have received Curation and Analysis Planning Team for Extraterrestrial Materials (CAPTEM) permission to embark on a programme of digitizing the entire lunar sample PTS collection for all three of the above purposes. By the time of the 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) we will have completed 81 rocks collected during the Apollo 11 and 12 missions and the data, with cross-links to the Lunar Sample Compendium will go live on the Web at the 47th LPSC. The VM images of the Apollo 11 (41 VM images) and 12 (40 VM images) missions can be viewed at: http:/www.virtualmicroscope.org/content/apollo. The lunar sample VM will enable large numbers of skilled/unskilled microscopists (professional and amateur researchers, educators and students, enthusiasts and the simply curious non-scientists) to share the information from a single sample. It will mean that all the PTSs already cut, even historical ones, could be available for new joint investigations or private study. The scientific return from the collection will increase exponentially as a result of further debate and discussion. Simultaneously the VM will remove the need for making unnecessary multiple samplings, avoid consignment of delicate/breakable specimens (all of which are priceless) to insecure mail/courier services and reduce direct labour and indirect costs, travel budgets and unproductive travelling time necessary for co-location of collaborating researchers. For the future we have already recognized further potential for virtual technology. There is nothing that a petrologist likes more than to see the original rock as a hand specimen. It is entirely possible to recreate virtual hand specimens with 3-D hard and software, already developed for viewing fossils, located within the Curatorial Facility, http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/lsc/index.cfm.


The main aim of this study is to highlight the writing errors made by Saudi students majoring in English. The study selected a sample of two groups of female Saudi students residing in two Saudi regions: Tabuk and Hafr Al Batin. The students were requested to write approximately three to four paragraphs about one of three topics related to Saudi Arabia: social media and its effects on Saudi social life, marriage customs in Saudi Arabia, or the economy of Saudi Arabia. In analyzing the collected writing data, the students' writing errors were identified and classified into four categories: grammar type, syntax type, mechanics type, and lexical type errors. Then, the frequency and error percentages of each subcategory were calculated for both groups. The findings show that both groups produced most errors in the subcategory of spelling followed by tenses subcategory even though the students from the University of Hafr Al Batin made overall higher percentages of errors than the errors' percentages made by the students from the University of Tabuk. Further investigation reveals that all students in both regions hardly practice English writing and that Arabic interference contributes to the students' English writing errors. The findings also imply that the curricula specialists at the Saudi ministry of education might consider including more educational material to improve the English writing skills of Saudi university students.


Abstract. The impact of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on the performance of coherent transmission systems employing different digital nonlinearity compensation (NLC) schemes is numerically investigated for a seven-channel PM-16QAM Nyquist-wavelength division multiplexing system at 256  Gbit  /  s. In these nonlinearity compensation schemes, the digital signal processing is divided between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) with different splitting ratios. We demonstrate that by splitting the NLC equally between the Tx and Rx, one can always obtain the best performance improvement regardless of whether PMD is present or not. Results of 1000-km dispersion-unmanaged transmission show that when fiber PMD is equal to 0.05  ps  /  km, splitting the NLC can give a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 1.1-dB over receiver-side NLC, while it is 0.9 dB for 0.1  ps  /  km of the fiber PMD coefficient.


Most sport injuries including anterior cruciate ligament-injury (ACL) occur at the end of sport events when the person tends to be fatigued. Despite this, the tests commonly used today to assess whether the individual should return to sports are performed in a non-fatigued state.Aim: The aim of this study was to compare effects of 25 minutes treadmill running, including 15 minutes at a level of high-intenisty on the performance of two different single-leg hop tests between un-injured women and women who underwent an ACL-reconstruction.Method: Eight un-injured women without any ongoing symptoms from either leg, and 6 women who had undergone an ACL-reconstruction, finished the rehabilitation program and returned to their pre-injury level of activity performed tests at two different occasions. The first occasion included technique training for each single-leg hop and a maximal heart rate test (HRmax) on a treadmill. On the second occasion subjects performed the single-leg hop for distance and the cross-over hop before and directly after 25 minutes running, including 15 minutes on a high-intensity level (>RPE 15 and/or >85 % HRmax). Total jump-distance was measured, registered and analysed for 2 approved trials per leg, condition and hop. A leg symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to assess side-to-side-differences.Results: The cross-over hop was significantly shorter after running in both groups, whereas no such effect was seen for the single-leg hop for distance. No difference was shown between groups in performed distance, side-to-side difference or LSI-values, before or after running any of the single-leg hops. Subjects in the ACL-group needed significantly more hop-trials on the operated leg compared to the non-operated leg and compared to un-injured subjects to achieve two qualified hops.Conclusions: Subjects jumped shorter in the cross-over hop after running. This hop can therefore be regarded as sensitive enough to tell fatigued state from a non-fatigued state in both groups. The fatigue protocol did not induce any side-to-side differences in subjects who had undergone ACL-reconstruction, finished their rehabilitation and returned to their pre-injury activity level. Some insecurity may still have been present in the previously injured leg since ACL-operated subjects needed more hop-trials for the operated leg compared to the non-operated leg or compared to un-injured subjects when fatigue.


OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to show the difference in the pattern of inflammation (and Th1/Th2 polarization) between asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients with CRS, specifically eosinophil activation, local IgE levels in the sinus fluid and tissue, and the severity of inflammation were measured. ----- METHODS: The maxillary sinus lavages, mucosal biopsies and bacteriological swabs were taken in 23 asthmatic and 36 non-asthmatic adult patients with CRS. The concentrations of IgE, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and tryptase were analyzed and IgE+ cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells counted. ----- RESULTS: The granulocyte activation markers and IgE in sinus lavages, and the inflammatory and IgE + cells counts were significantly higher in the asthmatics with the greatest difference in ECP and IgE concentrations. The tryptase concentrations did not differ, but only in the asthmatics they correlated significantly with the IgE concentrations and IgE+ cells count. Subjective scores were decreased after therapy in both groups of patients and without correlation with objective parameters of inflammation. Conclusion. Asthmatic patients present a distinct subgroup among the patients with chronic rhino sinusitis (CRS). The levels of the cellular markers and Age in the sinus fluid differ from those of non-asthmatic patients with CRS. The activation of granulocytes (especially eosinophils), local IgE concentrations and the inflammatory cells infiltration are significantly higher in the asthmatics.


This study aimed to test by simultan on the ethos work and discipline work to organizational performance effectiveness at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Malang, to test by parsial on the ethos work and discipline work to organizational performance effectiveness at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Malang and to know variable is which most dominant have an effect on to organizational performance offectiveness at at PT. Pos (Persero) Malang. This research use approach of explanatory research. Dependent variable are X1 is ethos work and X2 is work discipline and independent variable (Y) is organizational performance effectiveness. Questionery, interview, and observation method used in this study with the number of respondents of 60 people. Double linear regression was used to analyze variables by using statistic program (SPSS). The result of research indicates that: a) by simultan, ethos work and work discipline have an effect on to organizational performance effectiveness at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Malang. b). by partial, ethos work and work discipline have an effect on to organizational performance effectiveness at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Malang c). Pursuant to coefficient value of regression among ethos work variable and work discipline, hence variable having dominant influence to organization performance effectiveness at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Malang is work discipline, where its coefficient value equal to 0,400. This matter can be concluded that work discipline is variable having influence most dominant to organizational performance effectiveness at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Malang.


ABSTRACT In this article, we look at explanations for why people want to change their working hours. We focus on the role of income and differentiate between the effect of household income, personal income and self-perceived relative income. Using Flemish data on 1435 workers, we perform binary logistic regressions in which we compare those who are over- or underemployed with those who are currently working their preferred number of hours. Our results show that the desire to work fewer hours is mostly related to a bad work–life balance, while the wish to increase working hours is associated with relative income rather than absolute income. Based on our findings we recommend governments to not only focus on increasing flexibility at the individual level but to also consider these positional effects by taking measures (e.g. decreasing the duration of the standard working week) at the population level.


The incidence in Israel of genital infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been increasing steadily over the last two decades. During the years 1973-91, 1,508 patients had an HSV infection confirmed by viral culturing. The yearly incidence of new cases rose from sporadic cases in the seventies to 32.4 cases per 1,000 patients in 1990. The age distribution pattern did not change since 1980 and showed a peak incidence in subjects aged 20-40 years. The increase of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) infection rate in the Israeli population, as judged from specific geometric mean titers (GMT), rose from 15.25 in 1970 to 89.3 in 1991, while the GMT for HSV type 1 (HSV-1) did not increase significantly. The incidence of HSV-2 positive subjects (HSV-2/HSV-1 antibody ratio > or = 1) was low in the Jewish Israeli population, compared to other demographic areas. The predominant type of genital infection was HSV-2, although 21% of genital isolates were HSV-1.


The aim of the presented study was to characterize the content and biological activity of extracts prepared from dried Stevia rebaudiana leaves with potential application in the food or cosmetic industry. Aqueous (A), ethanolic (E) and glycol-aqueous (GA) extracts were analyzed for the content of polyphenols and proteins, showing that the highest amount of phenols (15.50 mg/g) and flavonoids (3.85 mg/g) contained GA. All extracts contained significant amount of protein (69.40–374.67 mg/g). Between analyzed stevia extracts (HPLC) GA contained the highest amount of polyphenols, especially ferulic (5.50 mg/g) and rozmaric (4.95 mg/g) acids derivates. The highest antiradical activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ was noted for GA and E (IC50 = 0.38 and 0.71 µg flavonoids/mL). The highest ability to chelate Fe2+ was observed for E (IC50 = 2.08 µg flavonoids/mL). Stevia extracts were also analyzed for their cytotoxicity and fibroblast irritation potential in vitro. E and GA were the most cytotoxic and irritating, probably due to the high content of biologically active phytochemicals. On the other hand, a extract was the most tolerable by the cells. To summarize, the presented study evaluated the potential application of A, E and GA stevia extracts as natural source of antioxidants in the food and cosmetic industry.


The year is AD 536, and Byzantine historian Procopius of Caesarea has just arrived in southern Italy. The balance of power in the Mediterranean is in flux: Vandals had sacked Rome in 455 and the Western Roman Empire had fallen in 476. Justinian I, the Byzantine Emperor, is determined to reclaim the lost territories. After a successful campaign against the North African Vandal Kingdom in the early years 530s, Justinian dispatches his army to take Italy. Yet as Procopius records, something odd then happened. The sun dimmed and the world shivered, leading to famine, plague and the fall of empires. Here, Barras reports clues are at last emerging about the cause of this event.


The production reactors at the Savannah River Site (SRS) have been shut down due to perceived safety concerns. A major concern is the seismic integrity of the plant. A comprehensive program is underway to assess the seismic capacity of the existing systems and components and to upgrade them to acceptable levels. The evaluation of the piping systems at the SRS is a major element of this program. Many of the piping systems at the production reactors were designed without performing dynamic analyses. Instead their design complied with good design practice for dead weight supported systems with proper accommodation of thermal expansion effects. In order to gain some insight as to the seismic capacity of piping installed in this fashion, dynamic analyses were performed for some lines. Since the piping was not seismically supported, the evaluations involved various approximations and the results are only used as a screening test of seismic adequacy. In this paper, the screening evaluations performed for the raw water inlet line are described. This line was selected for evaluation since it was considered typical of the smaller diameter piping systems at the plant. It is a dead weight supported system made up of a run of smallmore » diameter piping which extends for great distances over many dead weight supports and through wall penetrations. The results of several evaluations for the system using different approximations to represent the support system are described. 2 figs., 4 tabs.« less


Abstract Numerical solutions are obtained for the reflection of upward propagating internal waves by simple pycnocline and current shear models. Results for a simple monotonic shear and a velocity jet, with and without a pycnocline, lead to the conclusions that: 1) significant portions of an internal wave spectrum generated in the deep ocean can be reflected back downward by changing Brunt-Vaisala frequency and shear, even in situations not involving critical layers; 2) reflections by shear usually reinforce those from density variations; and 3) under some propagation conditions, a portion of the wave energy is leaked through the velocity jet, even when the fluid within the jet will not support wave motion of the impinging, frequency.


Abstract Fourteen of 16 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism studied prospectively had weakness, easy fatiguability, and atrophy of muscles—particularly of the lower extremities. Electromyogra...


As far as students are concerned,mental health and personality cultivation are closely connected with moral education.In the new period,exploring the fresh personality cultivaiton mode and cultivating high-calibre talents in combination with the requirement of our times and harmonious society should!be the fundamental task for the current moral education in vocational schools.The paper,after analyzing the current moral eduacation situation in vocational schools and the existing problems,probes into the moral cultivation mode of vocational schools and its possible tendency.


Abstract Accurate spatial information on the location of invasive alien plants (IAPs) in riparian environments is critical to fulfilling a comprehensive weed management regime. This study aimed to automatically map the occurrence of riparian bugweed (Solanum mauritianum) using airborne AISA Eagle hyperspectral data (393 nm–994 nm) in conjunction with LiDAR derived height. Utilising an unsupervised random forest (RF) classification approach and Anselin local Moran's I clustering, results indicate that the integration of LiDAR with minimum noise fraction (MNF) produce the best detection rate (DR) of 88%, the lowest false positive rate (FPR) of 7.14% and an overall mapping accuracy of 83% for riparian bugweed. In comparison, utilising the original hyperspectral wavebands with and without LiDAR produced lower DRs and higher FPRs with overall accuracies of 79% and 68% respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of combining spectral information with LiDAR to accurately map IAPs using an automated unsupervised RF anomaly detection framework.


In this paper, a Modified Differential 8T SRAM cell is proposed for subthreshold region of operation. Forward Body biasing technique is used to improve the drivability of transistors and sleep transistor logic is used to reduce the leakage current in standby mode. The proposed design is implemented with 45 nm CMOS technology and is simulated using Cadence Virtuoso Simulator. At 0.5 V supply voltage, the read SNM and write SNM are 98 mV and 112 mV respectively and these are 32% and 21% higher than there reported in literature. The leakage current and power consumption of the cell are 3.26 fA and 1.63 fW respectively.


Photography can provide references for collage compositions. In my work, each step of this transformation resulted in new discoveries moving from one medium to another, and has culminated in dynamic time-lapse videos. This thesis follows my studio habits and derives implications for my classroom practice. INDEX WORDS: Photography, Collage, Time-Lapse Video CUT + PASTE | AN AESTHETIC EXPLORATION


The authors of this paper are also the authors of an introductory computer programming textbook used in several college courses. Due to the rapidly changing content, the textbook requires frequent revisions causing the shelf-life of each specific version of the textbook to be relatively short, sometimes being no longer than a single semester. In addition, the time required to actually print a new version of the textbook and make it available to students was too long considering the time-sensitivity of the content and frequency of revisions. For these reasons, traditional publishing of this textbook was an unsatisfactory option. In this paper, we describe our exploration of alternatives to traditional textbook publication in hopes of finding an easy, uncomplicated, and rapid means of textbook publication. Our findings on ease of content creation/revision, time-to-market, monetization, and digital rights management are presented in this paper. Finally, we present our criteria for a publishing option we think is needed for authors who publish textbooks on similar rapidly changing domain topics.


A 71-year-old woman had undergone breast-conserving therapy for breast cancer twelve years prior to the current presentation. Histological examination had revealed invasive ductal carcinoma (pT2NXM0). Twelve years after the operation, she was suspected to have supraclavicular lymph node metastasis be-cause of abnormal accumulation at this site on PET-CT. Ultrasonography showed several round 14 mm hypoechoic lymph nodes without the hilum in the supraclavicular region, and node metastasis was thus suspected. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodes showed no conspicuous malignant cells, but malig-nancy could not be ruled out. She therefore underwent resection of the supraclavicular lymph nodes. Pathological examination of the lymph nodes showed no cancer cells, but the granuloma was sur-rounded by epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, strongly suggestive of tuberculosis. QuantiF-ERON TB-2G (QFT) was detected by blood examination and tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed. Enlarged lymph nodes suspected of being breast cancer recurrence should be thoroughly investigated be-fore recurrence therapy is initiated.


The exceptional hydrological catastrophe of 1856 not only covers three large river basins but also have large natural and socio-economic impacts. On the natural phenomena, the little Ice Age follows a few time later. On the other hand, a very strong demographic pressure was exerted by the growth of the rural population. The imperial government mobilized strongly the corps of engineers on the crisis for political and general benefits.


The authors report on the planning and implementation of a solar refit program on part of the Panaftel microwave system in West Africa, linking Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Benin. It is concluded that in spite of the high initial capital cost, conversion from fuel-dependent power systems to photovoltaic (PV) systems on major microwave routes can be economically sound. The main saving is in fuel cost. Although routine and emergency maintenance will in all probability be reduced, overall maintenance expenditures may not be very different between fuel-dependent systems and PV systems. This is due to the high cost of periodic replacement of aging batteries that is necessary. The effect of conversion on telecommunication system availability is positive, although it was not possible to quantify this factor due to other improvements being introduced during the same time frame. A simplification of maintenance power requirements is foreseeable with the introduction of PV systems.<<ETX>>


This review of research ethics provides a history of the regulation of research ethics and a summary of ethical issues including the recruitment of human participants, informed consent, debriefing, deception, avoiding harm, confidentiality, risk/benefit assessment, vulnerable populations, methodological issues, the use of animals, and ethical publication standards.

Keywords:

psychological research;
human participants;
ethical issues;
research ethics


The purpose of this study was to assess the forage productivity and nutritive value of kenaf at different fertilizer application amounts and various stages of maturity. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2020, the amount of 80 kg of kenaf seed/ha was supplied with different types and amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and the plants were harvested at 10-day intervals from different harvesting dates (24th August and 3rd, 13th, 23rd September). According to the different fertilizer types and application amounts, the highest kenaf height was recorded in the inorganic fertilizer amounts of 200 and 250 kg N/ha and the fresh and DM yield were significantly improved in the inorganic nitrogen amount of 250 kg N/ha. The highest CP and TDN content in the leaf was achieved in the inorganic fertilizer amounts of 150 and 200 kg N/ha, respectively; and the highest TDN content in the stem was also found in the inorganic fertilizer amount of 200 kg N/ha. According to the different harvesting dates, the highest DM ratio was found in the harvesting date of 13th September, the leaf ratio increased with advanced maturity, whereas the stem ratio decreased significantly and the highest DM yield of kenaf was recorded in the harvesting dates of 13th and 23rd September. Besides, the highest CP, CF, CA, ADF, NDF and TDN content in the leaf as influenced by different harvesting dates was 15.4, 31.8, 10.2, 22.1, 34.7 and 76.5%, respectively, and the CP, CA, ADF and TDN in stem decreased significantly with advanced maturity of kenaf. In conclusion, the optimal fertilizer amounts and the appropriate harvesting dates for a high forage yield and high-quality kenaf as livestock feed were the inorganic fertilizer application amounts of 200-250 kg N/ha and from 13th and 23rd September, respectively.


To evaluate the trend in the use of direct care in a cohort of nursing home (NH) residents and explore its association with resident characteristics and organizational factors.


Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge plasmas in Cl2 and Ar have been investigated over a pressure range of 0.2–10 mTorr, using microwave interferometry, optical emission spectroscopy, electrostatic probes, and charge collectors. The plasma parameters measured were spatially nonuniform along the magnetic field. The plasma electron density and the plasma potential had their maxima around the ECR region and decreased in going forward the position of the substrate, giving rise to a broadened energy distribution of positive ions incident on the substrate. The plasma density in Ar increased monotonously with increasing pressure, while the density in Cl2 had its maximum around 0.3–0.4 mTorr.


Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a median sagittal longitudinal section of a leaf apex. Measurements were taken in sample segments of the rachis of a single leaf at various distances from the apex, within and below the crozier. Sample segments were delimited by radii (R and R', in the segment diagramed), drawn at right angles to the rachis. Ground tissue cell lengths were measured in cell files along lines (AD, AB), drawn midway between the epidermis and the central core of the vascular tissue (VT) on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the rachis. The ratio of arc lengths along AB and AD was calculated between the radii in each segment.


This report presents the results of a study assessing the probability of solar arrays being struck by hailstones of various sizes as a function of geographic location and service life. The study complements parallel studies of solar array sensitivity to hail damage, the final objective being an estimate of the most cost effective level for solar array hail protection. A key element of this study involves the generation of a statistical model describing the probability of impact by hailstones of various sizes and estimating the mean time between hits.


The essential oil of rootstock smilax china was extracted by steam distillation,and its compositions was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).35 components included palmitic acid,2-hexanoyl furan,acetyleugenol were identified,accounting for 96.2% of the weight of the oil samples.


A comparison between the products obtained by reaction of the isosteric metalates [MoCp(CO)3]− (Cp = η5-C5H5) and [MnCp(or Cp′)(CN)(CO)2]− (Cp′ = η5-C5H4Me) with various mono- or poly-nuclear complexes of Cu, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt or Ru showed that the metal-centered basicity of the former leads to metal–metal bonding whereas the dominant σ-donor properties of the CN ligand in the latter preferentially lead to the formation of cyanide bridges between the metal centres. Only in the case of the unusual heterometallic octanuclear cluster [(OC)Pd(μ-NC)MnCp′(CO)2]4 were direct metal–metal bonding and CN-bridge formation observed. The crystal structure of [Ru3{(μ3-NC)MnCp(CO)2}(μ-AuPPh3)(CO)10] was shown by X-ray diffraction to consist of a Ru3Au butterfly whose Ru–Ru hinge is bridged by the N-bonded NCMnCp(CO)2 fragment. Controlled thermolysis of the octanuclear cluster [(OC)Pd(μ-NC)MnCp′(CO)2]4 led to the formation of bimetallic particles.


Affect: representations of personal value (i.e. the goodness or badness of things). Such representations can be neurological, physiological, experiential, cognitive, expressive and behavioral, among others. Affective state: the co-occurrence of several such reactions constitutes an affective state. Emotion: affective states with objects, reflecting an underlying appraisal of a particular kind of situation. In addition to value information, experiencing a specific emotion informs one that a specific set of appraisal criteria has been Being happy or sad influences the content and style of thought. One explanation is that affect serves as information about the value of whatever comes to mind. Thus, when a person makes evaluative judgments or engages in a task, positive affect can enhance evaluations and empower potential responses. Rather than affect itself, the information conveyed by affect is crucial. Tests of the hypothesis find that affective influences can be made to disappear by changing the source to which the affect is attributed. In tasks, positive affect validates and negative affect invalidates accessible cognitions, leading to relational processing and item-specific processing, respectively. Positive affect is found to promote, and negative affect to inhibit, many textbook phenomena from cognitive psychology.


Foreword - Andrew Billingsley Introduction - Robert Joseph Taylor, Linda M Chatters and James S Jackson Recent Demographic Trends in African American Family Structure - Robert Joseph Taylor et al The Effects of Mate Availability on Marriage among Black Americans - K Jill Kiecolt and Mark A Fossett A Contextual Analysis Gender, Age and Marital Status as Related to Romantic Involvement among African American Singles - M Belinda Tucker and Robert Joseph Taylor Life Stress and Psychological Well-Being among Married and Unmarried Blacks - Verna M Keith Religious Involvement and the Subjective Quality of Family Life among African Americans - Christopher G Ellison Multiple Familial-Worker Role Strain and Psychological Well-Being - Ruby L Beale Moderating Effects of Coping Resources among Black Americans Parents Informal Ties and Employment among Black Americans - Robert Joseph Taylor and Sherrill L Sellers Families, Unemployment and Well-Being - Clifford L Broman Differences among Africian American Single Mothers - Rukmalie Jayakody and Linda M Chatters Maritial Status, Living Arrangements and Family Support Childrearing, Social Support and Perceptions of Parental Competence Among African American Mothers - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell and Lilah Koski Strategies of Racial Socialization Among Black Parents - Michael C Thornton Mainstream, Minority & Cultural Messages Instrumental and Expressive Family Roles Among African American Fathers - Phillip J Bowman and Tyrone A Forman Family Roles and Family Satisfaction Among Black Men - Robert Joseph Taylor and Waldo E Johnson, Jr Living Arrangements of African-American Adults - Andrea G Hunter Variations by Age, Gender and Family Status Husbands, Wives, Family and Friends - H W Neighbors Sources of Stress, Sources of Support Changes Over Time in Support Network Involvement among Black Americans - Robert Joseph Taylor, James S Jackson and Linda M Chatters


There are three main factors which helps a legend of Man Tiger evolve into A Tale of Under the Mountain and the Moon.First,reshaping of hero's image in the original work.Second, restatement of the reason of his turning into a tiger.And the third, analysis on the plot of the original work. Through an analysis on the similarities and differences of these two works,this article aims at summarizing the uneasiness,brimming in Nakajima works ,and the sources of these uneasiness about being,literature and life.


This note studies the preservation of controllability (and other properties) under sampling of a nonlinear system. More detailed results are obtained in the cases of analytic systems and of systems with finite dimensional Lie algebras. 1. Preliminaries. When a system is regulated by a digital computer, control decisions are often restricted to be taken at fixed times 0,λ,2λ,...; one calls λ>0 the sampling time. For a (continuous time) plant, the resulting situation can be modelled through the constraint that the inputs applied be constant on intervals of length λ. It is thus of interest to characterize the various controllability properties when the controls are so restricted. This problem motivated the results in [KHN], which studied the case of linear systems; more recent references are [BL], [GH]. For nonlinear systems, it appears that the problem has not been studied systematically. The recent paper [SS] began such a study, using tools of geometric control theory. We continue that study here. Reasons of space prevent us from repeating the material in [SS], which will be needed in a few places. The definitions and statements of results, however, will be self-contained. The systems σ to be considered are those described by differential equations (1.1) (dx/dt)(t) = f(x(t),u(t)), x(t)∈M, u(t)∈U, where M is a smooth (Hausdorff, second countable) n-dimensional manifold, U is a subset (see below) of a smooth manifold P, f:M×P→TM is smooth, and Xu:=f(⋅,u) is a complete vector field on M for each u. "Smooth" means either infinitely differentiable or analytic; in the latter case, σ is an analytic system. The control set U can be very general; we shall only assume that V:= int(U) is connected and that the following (local) condition is satisfied at each u∈U: there exists a smooth path g:[0,1]→P with g(0)=u, g([0,1])⊆U, and g(t)∈V for almost all t. ("Smooth" meaning: defined and smooth in a ngbd of [0,1].) In particular, then, U must be path connected and it must satisfy U⊆clos(V); the former is the essential property for most results. *Research suported in part by US Air Force Grant 80-0196


Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH2] is a common antibacterial agent used in dental pulp therapy. It is known that Ca(OHh is able to induce cellular changes in pulp tissue. An inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO), functions in immune system and some cellular changes as in cell death mechanisms. The effect of Ca(OHh in NO regulation in pulp tissue cells is still unknown. As fibroblast is an important component in pulp tissue, the aim of this study was to investigate whether NO production is affected by Ca(OH)2 stimulation in fibroblast cells. Vero, a fibroblast-like cell line (2 x 104) was cultured in M199 culture medium. Overnight culture were stimulated with various concentrations of Ca(OH)2 solution (12,5 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml), or left untreated asnegative control, and then were incubated for 24 h at 37°


An experiment was carried out to measure the radiation dose rate in and around the Central Radioactive Waste Processing and Storage Facility (CWPSF). Among the total of 107 points, the measured values for beta ray varied from 0.24 to 22.08 Bq/cm 2 . Remarkable beta flux was noticed in Sealed Radioactive Source Storage (SRSS), Interim Storage Room (ISR), Calibration Source Room (CSR) and some part of outer surface wall of CWPSF. Gamma dose rates measured at various points inside, outside and roof of the CWPSF varied from 0.11 to 39.20 μSv/h. Substantial gamma dose rates were found in SRSS, ISR, CSR and outer surface of the wall nearby SRSS. The highest gamma dose rate was recorded 39.20 μSv/h. Probably, because of very few neutron sources inside of SRSS, neutron dose rates were found very low in an interval from 0 to 0.0197 μSv/h. This experiment finally yielded a meaningful verification on area classification for radiation work in accordance to the IAEA Safety Series, hence giving a potential outcome for radiation protection and safety practices in CWPSF. In the contemporary approach of nuclear practices the measurement of external dose rates plays a substantial importance in protection and safety from the ionizing radiation.


The newly available digital sensors for radiographic inspection are suitable for the application in several areas of welding inspection. Flat panel detectors with 50μm pixel size are applicable for longitudinal and circumferential welds in the lower dimension range and application of x ray sources. Digital linescan x-ray cameras with 86μm pixel size are applicable in the range of maximum 250kV x ray energy as well as imaging plate systems with scanner resolutions up to 50μm for unlimited energy ranges. A special software has been developed for the uniform application of all systems which allows easy system control of the whole calibration and exposure process up to nearly complete automatic inspection reporting so that after the end of exposure the several inspection reports are available immediately. The possibilities and limits for the practical application of the different systems are discussed together with practical experience in the piping production area. In most cases the resulting image quality of the different systems is comparable to high quality film radiographs. An overview about the economical efficiency in relation to film radiography shows the high potential of these new possibilities in their suitable ranges of application. Introduction: From the digital sensor systems available on the market at this time three different types have been chosen which have a pixel size of 86 μm and less. These systems provide an adequate radiographic resolution suitable for weld inspection. Two systems, the Hamamatsu C7942 flat panel detector (see fig. 1) and the imaging plate system Fuji ST 6 combined with the portable scanner VistaScan from Duerr (see fig. 2) can be used for mobile and stationary inspections while the NTB digital linescan x-ray camera (see fig. 3 and 4) may only be used for stationary inspection installations. The technical data of the used systems are listed in table 1. Flat panel detectors and imaging plates may be mounted to the test object similarly as film cassettes. The digital linescan x-ray camera additionally needs a manipulator because detector and radiation source must be fixed and correctly aligned to one another (see fig. 4) so that the test object can be moved through the radiation beam or the source detector combination can be moved along the inspection length (see fig.5). Fig.1: Flat panel detector Hamamatsu C7942 Fig.2: Scanner VistaScan for image plates Fig. 3: NTB digital linescan x-ray cameras 80 – 400 mm length Fig. 4: Principle of linescan application Fig 5: Manipulator for scanning longitudinal welds in pipes with bigger diameter For example the manipulator for scanning longitudinal welds in pipes with bigger diameter shown in fig. 5 has a length of 3 meters. For the line scanner a very narrow radiation beam in the scanning direction is used so that scattered radiation is not influencing the image contrast. Due to the required scanning in case of the line scanner exposure times are higher compared with the other systems. Flat panel Hamamatsu C7942 NTB digital linescan x-ray camera Imaging plate system Fuji ST 6 with portable scanner VistaScan (Duerr) technology CMOS CMOS Imaging plates pixel size 50 μm 86μm 50 μm (scanner)/80 μm (plate) pixel resolution 12 bit 12 bit 12 bit outer dimensions 200x200x30 mm 80x34mm length: 80 – 480 mm cassette: max.320x430 mm image size 120x120 mm max. 480 mm x (depending on scanner length) max. 320x430 mm weight 3 kg 2 kg plate (240x300) in cassette:1 kg / scanner: 16 kg shape flat, rigid linear flat, rigid flat rigid/flexible energy range 10 150 kV 10 250 kV no limit scanning time 440 ms 1 4000 ms per line 50 sec (240x300 mm) exposure time 30 s 300 mm scan length: 5min (i.e. 86 ms per scan) 30 sec file size 10 MB depending on scan length appr.10 MB depending on size mobile/stationary mobile/stationary stationary mobile/stationary scanning velocity 1-2 mm/sec Table 1: Technical data of the used digital radiographic systems Results: To evaluate the suitability of the chosen systems for weld inspection the IQI sensitivity has been measured. The first set of measurements was done on aluminium step wedge objects with a step thickness range between 1 and 50 mm. Radiation energy was varied between 55 kV and 130 kV and had been increased every 5 mm, tube current was appr. 2 mA, exposure time 30 s in the case of flat panel and imaging plates. Comparable film radiographs needed higher exposure times between 60 and 180 seconds. The length of the applicated line scanner camera has been 320 mm. The exposures by line scanner camera required higher exposure times comparable with film radiographs.


Both foresters and sawmillers are interested in the knot structure of trees; in particular, position and number of knots, knot diameter, knot length and dead knot border. For research purposes, it is possible today to carry out non‐destructive measurements using computer tomography (CT) and image analysis. The aim of this study was to measure knot parameters on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) using a non‐destructive method developed for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and to compare the results of this method with the results of two different destructive methods. In order to do this, two Norway spruce stems were scanned by CT. Then five logs from one stem were cut into flitches 20 mm thick and the defects on the sawn surfaces were scanned manually. The other stem was cut just above every whorl and then each knot was split through its centre and the knot parameters were measured manually. The study showed that the CT method compares well with the destructive methods. It is a reasonably fast, non‐...


Abstract The paper lists some 45 published accounts of research in the field of production and audience variables in educational film and television. Each citation is annotated. The citations are preceded by a brief review of the field, arranged under the headings 'production techniques', 'audience and environment variables' and 'future directions of research'. The point is made that past research has not fitted into any theoretical framework, and that the present state of knowledge in this important area is of little help in the efficient design of audiovisual teaching materials.


According to the actual need of the smart home video surveillance, a wireless video surveillance system based on Cortex M3 system components was designed in this paper. STM32F103 was selected by the system to be main controller and OV2640 camera was used to a video capture device. Wi-Fi module WM-G-MR-09 based on the chip called Marvell 88W8686 transmit the video. The TCP/UDP protocol of transmit signals was used in wireless video monitoring system, which is compatible with IEEE802.11b/g protocol, performing H.264 hardware encoding, outputting the H.264 video stream. The system we developed has made heroic efforts at cost reduction and reduces power consumption, at the same time increase the security of the video monitoring system.


Arabic literature is not very known or accessible in the English speaking
world; for historical reasons, Moroccan literature is even less known and less likely
to be translated into English than, say, the Middle East literature.
The aim of this paper is to review An Anthology of Moroccan Short Stories,
translated by Malcolm Williams and Gavin Watterson and published by the King
Fahd School of Translation (Tangier, Morocco), as an initiative to make the
Moroccan literature and reality accessible to the English speaking readers. There
are two aspects that will be focused on: the overall image that is transmitted to the
English speaking world and the way the translators handle culture-specific
concepts or referents. To tackle the image conveyed through the translated short
stories, a brief "content analysis" will be carried out; handling culture-specific
items will be illustrated through the translators' footnotes.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to explore the specialty coffee sector in Turkey as an emerging business and culinary culture. Semi-structured in-depth interviews are collected with individuals that work as baristas, managers, and sectorial experts, to examine how individuals who offer service within the market perceive the sector and consumers. Results show that individuals who work within the market embrace distinctive characteristics of specialty coffee and see coffee making as a life style. Symbolic value of specialty coffee is a substantial source of motivation for participants. Consumers' involvement with third wave is seen as limited. A major issue for the sector comes forward as the lack of standardization, which is observed through the instabilities within product and service quality and branding. Our study contributes to the existing literature as it demonstrates how specialty coffee culture emerges in a particular context, Turkey and examines third wave coffee with an interdisciplinary perspective.


We describe 17 children with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. All had elevated levels of serum liver enzymes and 16 were morbidly obese. Liver biopsy showed variable steatosis and fibrosis in nine patients. At follow‐up, 12 of 14 patients had persistent morbid obesity and 11 had elevated liver enzyme levels.


Time‐resolved optical measurements of probe reorientation in orthoterphenyl have been performed. Rotational correlation functions have been measured from 100 ps to 1 ms for anthracene and anthanthrene, while correlation functions were observed over a narrower time window for 9‐phenylanthracene and 9,10‐diphenylanthracene. The rotational correlation time of anthracene follows the temperature dependence of η/T, indicating that anthracene rotation is well coupled to the dynamics responsible for the main glass transition. At temperatures above 30 °C, rotational correlation times depend upon probe size. In this region, orthoterphenyl behaves as a simple liquid. At temperatures near −5 °C, observed rotational correlation times are roughly independent of probe size. These results are consistent with the existence of domains of associated orthoterphenyl molecules. At lower temperatures, near and below the glass transition temperature, a partial reorientation of anthracene associated with the β process is observed...


miRNA was 20~25 nt endogenous non-coding RNA. miRNAs are encoded small RNAs that hybridize with messenger RNAs, resulting in degradation or translational inhibition of targeted transcripts. In order to investigate the function of miR-138 on mouse mammary epithelial cells, technique for gene silencing-miRNA inhibitor (anti-miRNA) was applied to make miR-138 silence, qRT-PCR was showed valid for inhibitor miR-138. And Western blot, CASY(r)-technology was put in use to study some change of mouse mammary epithelial cells after miR138 inhibitor. It was shown that miR-138 suppresses the exepress of PRL-R(P 0.05). It was proved that miR-138 can inhibit activity and proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells after miR-138 inhibitor(P 0.01). HPLC was used to study expression of β-casin mouse mammary epithelial cells after miR-138 inhibitor, it shows down express ofβ-casin(P 0.05). Results indicated that the target of miR-138 was PRL-R, miR-138 suppresses translation of PRL-R. MiR-138 suppressed the viable and proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells.


We show that the sum of squared differences, commonly used as a dissimilarity measure in variational methods is biased towards high gradients and large intensity differences, and that it can affect drastically the quality of motion estimation techniques such as deformable registration. We propose a method which solves that problem by recalling that the Euler-Lagrange equation of the dissimilarity measure yields a force term, and computing the direction and the magnitude of these forces independently. This results in a simple, efficient, and robust method, which is intensity-unbiased. We compare our method with the SSD-based standard approach on both synthetic and real medical 2D data, and show that our approach performs better.


Transition rates for coherent muon-electron conversion in muonic atoms, μN→eN, are computed for various types of muon number violating interactions. Attention is paid to relativistic atomic effects, Coulomb distortion, finite nuclear size, and nucleon distributions. Discrepancies with previously published results are pointed out and explained. Results are presented for several elements of current and future experimental interest.


In the Mediterranean, seasonal variations of the trophic environment (primary production, specific biomass, particulate export) are extremely large, in response to physical constraints, specifically seawater temperature induced by seasonal exposure to the Sun. Since 1991, systematic biogeochemical studies were conducted at the DYFAMED site (28 nautical miles off Nice) with monthly cruises and continuous observation from a permanent mooring, in the form of an Observation Scientific Service of the marine environment from INSU/CNRS. The time-series station is located in the central zone of the Ligurian Sea, and protected from lateral inputs by the presence of the liguro-provencal front, acting as a barrier to exchanges with the coastal zone. The anthropic inputs to the zone are only through the atmosphere. Then, the observed system is independent from anthropogenic coastal inputs and constitute a reference area for the study of the "natural" variability of the Mediterranean environment. Since the northwestern Mediterranean Sea is relatively homogeneous in term of atmospheric forcings, it can be considered that these "natural" variations of marine environment occur with a comparable intensity and rythmicity in the coastal and open sea areas. A coastal perturbation may then produces modifications of this background evolution. The data presented aim to characterize the seasonal variations at the and trophic observation site. Some results of studies undertaken since 1997 on the Nice-Calvi (Corsica) transect are also presented in order to explore the synchronism between the temporal succession of species from coast to open sea. With the aim to reach the scale of perturbation processes, it is clear that a continuous record of selected parameters is necessary.


Based on first-principles calculations, the potential of Ti2CO2 monolayer (MXene) as a single-atom catalyst (SAC) support for 3d transition metal (TM) atoms (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) is studied for CO oxidation. We first screen the support effect according to the stability of a single metal atom and find that Sc and Ti supported on Ti2CO2 have stronger adsorption energy than the cohesive energy of their bulk counterparts, therefore we selected Sc and Ti supported on Ti2CO2 for further catalytic reactions. The stability and the potential catalytic reactivity are verified by electronic structure and charge transfer analysis. Both Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) mechanisms are taken into account in this study, and lower energy barriers of 0.002 and 0.37 eV were found in the ER mechanism compared to the LH mechanism which are 0.25 and 0.34 eV for Sc and Ti catalysts, respectively. Moreover, kinetic ER and LH mechanisms are favorable for both Sc- and Ti/Ti2CO2 because of the comparable energy barrier to other metals and SAC supported on 2D materials. However, it is thermodynamically unfavorable for Ti/Ti2CO2 catalyst. Based on these calculations, we propose that Sc supported on Ti2CO2 is the best catalyst to catalyze CO-oxidation. The current study not only broadens the scope of the single-atom Sc catalyst but also extends the consideration of MXene support for catalyst optimization.


Having recently discovered that polynuclear heteroaromatic nitrogen compounds can be selectively reduced only at the nitrogen containing ring, we have now turned our attention towards the cleavage of the carbon nitrogen bonds in this reduced ring. Highlights for this reporting period are: (1) Studies with the 50% nickel oxide catalyst clearly show that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline(THQ) provides approximately 20% more liquid product that does quinoline. Thus a first step selective hydrogenation to 1,2,3,4-THQ would enhance the overall HDN reaction to provide a more substantial conversion to substituted benzene and aniline derivatives. (2) The dramatic effect of the nitrogen atom is to inhibit aromatic ring hydrogenation and, to some extent, carbon-carbon bond hydrogenolysis reactivity. This is shown with proplybenzene as the substrate, where only methane gas is produced in the HDN reaction with the 50% nickel oxide catalyst. (3) The HDN reaction of cyclohexylamine only provides benzene and methane, with no apparent formation of cyclohexane. Thus dehydrogenation is an important side reaction.


Western chivalric stories are often romantic in nature.In classical chivalric stories,the hero is a knight in shining armors who risks everything to fight the villain in order to rescue the damsel in distress and to gain her love.China's traditional stories are also filled with action heroes;but their feelings toward women are exactly opposite to those of the western knights.Not only do they not rescue beauties in distress,they generally consider women to be the source of troubles.Instead of attempting to impress women with their deeds,they stay as far away as possible from women.Then who rescues the China's damsel in distress? In traditional Chinese stories,this responsibility has fallen in the hands of literati who study diligently for the civil service exams.Even though they are weakling physically,they rely on the power gained from passing the exams to rescue the ladies they love.In this paper,we call them "exam heroes".We first elaborate the traditional western and Chinese action heroes.Then we review the deeds of the unique Chinese exam heroes and close with an analysis of their origins and implications.


This paper discusses network-based inspection and repair managing system in the terms of overall plan,design principle,main functions,features and achieved results.


Paper ``in trend''~\cite{Meissner} talks also about gravitons (at least word ``gravitino'' is in abstract). Gravitons are gravitational force transmitors, but there is no force of Gravity in General Relativity. And how it could be in any adequate theory, if free falling body feels no dragging force (but the weightlessness). So, the paper just adds up to general misunderstanding. Latter is positioned~\cite{drive} as the driving engine of science (like the radioactive mutations in Biology), so the question arises: how many papers are a bit wrong?


A collection of proliferative disorders in mollusks has been assembled over a period of years through pathologic studies of epizootic neoplastic disease (Christensen. Farley. and Kern. 1974; Farley. 1969b; Farley and Sparks. 1970) and routine histologic studies from many locations (Farley. 1968. 1969b; Farley and Sparks. 1970). Diagnosis and characterization of the neoplastic diseases in mollusks discussed here were accomplished primarily by light microscopy and standar.d staining methods. Recently. the tradItional methods have been supplemented by electron microscopy (Farley. 1976).


Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, also known as jaundice, is a significant cause of neonate death and disability in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). Lack of adequate healthcare facilities, unreliable diagnosticand treatment equipment, limited parental knowledge, and inconsistentor absent treatment protocols all contribute to exceptionally high rates of morbidity and mortality especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review summarizes the etiology and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, delineates standard of care discrepancies between high-income countries and LMICs, and describes innovative technologies intended to treat neonatal jaundice in these low-resource areas. Filtered sunlight phototherapy (FSPT), using inexpensive window-tinting film, has been shown to provide safe and effective phototherapy treatment and has been shown to be non-inferior to conventional phototherapy devices. In addition, solar powered phototherapy is being developed and improved and other low-cost phototherapy is being developed. By working in partnership with our colleagues from LMICs to provide low-cost, reliable technologies, in combination with appropriate training and educational interventions, to their people in LMICs, the hope is that the gap in morbidity and mortality rates due to hyperbilirubinemia will diminish.


The process of assessing the cancer risks associated with power plant emissions can be divided into four steps: emissions estimation, air dispersion analysis, population exposure assessment, and cancer risk estimation. The final step, risk estimation, involves estimation of an individual's probability of incurring cancer during his lifetime resulting from exposure to a carcinogen. Electric Power Reserach Institute has developed the Air Emissions Risk Assessment Model (AERAM) for the analysis of cancer risks due to coal-fired power plant emissions. This model contains four modules to perform the four steps of risk assessment listed above. The user defines power plant characteristics, pollutant emission rates are calculated, an air dispersion analysis is performed, and person-exposure given the population distribution is found. The risk module performs low dose extrapolation given dose-response data from either epidemiologic or toxicologic studies. The choice of data for low-dose extrapolation is very important. Many factors may impact the risk estimate as a result of the choice of epidemiologic data vs. toxicologic data. The purpose of this paper is to examine the choice of low-dose extrapolation model and the effect of data set selection on the results of low dose extrapolation in AERAM.


So much has been done in terms of measuring the impact of economics courses on student knowledge and understanding of facts, concepts and principles, and so little research has dealt with the possible effects on student political attitudes, that this study by Scott and Rothman should be of great interest to economics instructors. The authors address themselves to George Stigler's assertion that "the education of an economist makes the person who receives it more conservative." They report on the use of their own "Social Opinion Questionnaire" and how it was employed to investigate "the different effects, if any, introductory economics and introductory psychology have on opinions related to economic issues."


Learning is facilitated by the intention to learn, plus the development and implementation of a plan to accomplish the goal. Motivation produces the incentive. The nursing field is working to develop evidence-based practice which involves finding, criticizing, and applying evidence in practice. The present study is aimed at assessing self motivation scores among B. Sc Nursing students and compare between the groups. The sample size was 80, twenty students each from first through fourth year were selected using simple random sampling technique. The results showed mean and mean percentage of B. Sc Nursing I year students were 115.85 and 77.23; II year students were 110.90 and 73.93; III year students were 117.25 and 78.16; and IV year students were 108.15 and 72.10 respectively. The comparison between groups was analyzed by ANOVA. F ratio revealed significance at P < 0.05 level and thus it was apparent that each group were different. Analysis on association between self motivation scores and selected demographic variables showed significant association at P <0.05 level.


Microbial proteases are among the most important hydrolytic enzymes and have been studied extensively since the advent of enzymology. There is renewed interest in the study of proteolytic enzymes, which not only play an important role in the cellular metabolic process but have also gained considerable attention in the industrial community. Moreover, proteases are the most important category of industrial enzymes, accounting for more than 65% of the total industrial enzyme market (Banik et al. 2004). Microbial proteases are a group of enzymes that can have application in numerous industries (Gulrajani et al. 2000; Gupta et al. 2002; Najafi et al. 2005; Prakash et al. 2005), and they are important tools in medical and pharmaceutical processes (Bhaskar et al. 2007; In et al. 2002). In the food-processing industry, the proteolytic activity of microorganisms is associated with a wide variety of processes such as fermented foods (Casaburi et al. 2008; Hayashi et al. 1990; Mauriello et al. 2002; Oneca et al. 2007), oil extraction (Kashyap et al. 2007), bakery (Lauer et al. 2000), clarification of juices (Dawes et al. 1994), and waste treatments (Sudeepa et al. 2007; Wang et al. 1997). Bacteria, molds, and yeast are some of the microorganisms that are able to produce proteases. Microorganisms elaborate a large array of proteases, which are intracellular and/or extracellular. Intracellular proteases are important for various cellular and metabolic processes, such as sporulations, differentiation protein turnover, maturation of enzymes and hormones, and maintenance of the cellular protein pool. The extracellular ones are important for protein hydrolysis in cell free environments and able the cell to absorb and utilize hydrolytic products. At the same time, these extracellular proteases have also been commercially exploited to assist protein degradation in various industrial processes (Salem et al. 2009). Microbes represent an excellent protease source due to their broad biochemical diversity (Godfrey and West 1996), their rapid growth, the limited space, CONTENTS


Colloidal all-inorganic silicon carbide (SiC) nanocrystals (NCs) have been introduced into Metal-InsulatorSemiconductor (MIS) structures with HfOx gate dielectric layers. The fabricated MIS structures were characterized by means of stress-and-sense measurements in terms of device capacitance, flat-band voltage shift, and retention time. The presented results have shown the feasibility of the application of SiC-NCs in memory structures.


Aim – improve the results of the treatment of patients with pulmonary bleeding through widespread use of endovascular surgery methods for hemostasis. Materials and methods. Method of endovascular embolization of bronchial arteries is widely used in our clinic SI «Zaycev V. T. Institute of General and Emergency surgery of NAMS of Ukraine» not only as independent surgery in patients with LB, but also as way of preparation of patients with lung bleeding for planned thorax surgery. The most of the often spread nosological forms complicated by bleeding in our research were polycystic lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis disease, community-acquired pneumonia. Indications to the сatheter embolization procedure of bronchial arteries are the following: conservative treatment failure, hemoptysis in patients with bilateral inflammatory processes who was not prescribed surgical treatment for a range of reasons, absence of gross structural changes, lung resection, mainly in patients with oncologic lung injury, at massive and life-threatening profuse bleedings as a mean of temporary or constant hemostasis. Discussed treatment method is applied only in bleeding or within a 6 – 12 hour after its treatment. Successful result in embolization can be obtained in 79–99 %. Results. As a result of complete physical examination of patients with LB, it has been established that lung hemorrhage was the result of obstructive bronchitis in 14 patients (42 %), there was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 7 (21 %) patients and bronchiectasis was diagnosed in 6 (18 %) patients. In 2 (6 %) patients pulmonary hemorrhage was caused by community-acquired pneumonia. Central lung cancer was detected in 4 (12 %) patients. Conclusion. Therefore bronchial artery angiography gives high efficiency in solving the problem of hemostasis in oncological and nonspecific lung diseases, for determination of localization and source of bleeding. Endovascular occlusion of bronchial arteries in pulmonary hemorrhage permits: – to elaborate diagnosis because of the presence of specific angiographic signs of malignant tumour; – to perform effective endovascular hemostasis; – to gain time for stabilization the patient with the aim of planned surgical treatment.


Risa Tiar Steffani, 2011; The Influence of Financial Performance On Manufacturing Firm Value At Indonesia Stock Exchanges With Environmental Performance as a Moderating Variable.
The purposes of this study are to empirically examine the influence of Financial Performance (ROA and ROE) On Firm Value (Tobin's Q). Unconsistanly previous researchers about the relationship could be indicated that there is moderating variabel to influence the relationship. . Environmental was choisen in this research because manufacturing firms have relation with exploring natural resources and part of corporate social responsibility. This research used secondary data as annual report, PROPER report that published by Environmental Ministries Republic of Indonesia. The sample of this research is manufacture firm which is listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over 20072009 and listed of PROPER programme by Environmental Ministries Republic of Indonesia over the sam period.The research sample are 34 firms . Testing hypothesis on relationship between financial performance (ROA and ROE) and firm value (Tobin's Q) used the moderating regression analysis (MRA). The results showed that There was influence between ROA and firm value and environmental performance could not influenced the relationship. But in other side, ROE was no influence on firm value but environmental performance could made influence that relationship. The result of simultan researched, ROA dan ROE had influence on firm value as environmental performance as moderating variable.


This paper discusses the contrasts between the bodhisattvayāna and the śrāvakayāna in the theory of bodhicitta expounded in the first chapter of the Śikṣāsamuccaya (hereafter ŚS). Two types of bodhicitta, bodhipraṇidhicitta ('the mind aspiring to Awakening') and bodhiprasthānacitta ('the mind moving toward Awakening'), in Śāntideva's works are well known in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism. In the explanation of bodhicitta found in sūtra quotations in the first chapter of the ŚS, we can see some examples of contrasts between the two vehicles. These contrasts serve to clarify and to emphasize aspects of the bodhisattva's way of life especially in each context of the two types of bodhicitta. However, this point has not been well established in former studies. Therefore, the following problems have remained unclear: 1. the sūtras quoted to illustrate contrasts; 2. the topics that emerge from these contrasts; 3. the relationship between the two types of bodhicitta and their contrasts. Below, these problems will be discussed by summarizing the theory of bodhicitta in the ŚS, and by examining the quotations that illustrate the contrasts of the two vehicles.


Abstract Objectives: To determine the effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination and its timing on the risk of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children. Design: Cumulative incidence and relative risk of type 1 diabetes was compared among three birth cohorts of Finnish children: those born during the 24 months before the H influenzae type b vaccination trial, those in the trial cohort who were vaccinated at 3 months of age and later with a booster vaccine, and those in the trial cohort who were vaccinated at 24 months of age only. The probability of type 1 diabetes was estimated using regression analysis assuming that there were no losses to 10 year follow up and no competing risks. Setting: Finland (total population 5 million and annual birth rate 1.3%). Subjects: 128 936 children born from 1 October 1983 to 1 September 1985, and 116 352 children born from 1 October 1985 to 31 August 1987. Main outcome measures: Probability of type 1 diabetes among children vaccinated with H influenzae type b and non-vaccinated children. Results: No statistically significant difference was found at any time during the 10 year follow up in the risk of type 1 diabetes between the children born before the vaccination period and those vaccinated at the age of 24 months only (relative risk 1.01). The difference in the risk between the cohort vaccinated first at the age of 3 months and the cohort vaccinated at the age of 24 months only was not statistically significant either (1.06). Conclusion: It is unlikely that H influenzae type b vaccination or its timing cause type 1 diabetes in children.


According to the theory on critical thickness of Matthew-Blakeslee and People–Bean, using Newton iterative formula, InxGa1-xAs critical thickness with high In components was simulated by computer to get the theoretically In0.82Ga0.18As critical thickness. The In0.82Ga0.18As grown on InP (100) substrates was carried out by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The thickness of low temperature layer was grown below critical thickness, equal to the critical thickness, and higher than the critical thickness, respectively, then the In0.82Ga0.18As high temperature layer was grown in consistent growing conditions. The effect of critical thickness on In0.82Ga0.18As high temperature layer was analyzed.


The aim of this thesis was to unite the best-known studies that have examined the importance of health and kombucha tea. This work also addresses the characteristics, production, type and chemical composition of kombucha tea.


The MESSENGER mission is undertaking a dedicated imaging campaign to repeatedly observe the region near Mercury's south pole, with the goal of generating an illumination map. This illumination map will identify areas that are in permanent darkness for comparison with the locations of radarbright features that have been suggested to host polar ice deposits.


The object tracking by using single feature is possible to generate errors and easy to lose the target if the illumination and object size scale are changed. We propose a particle-filter-object-tracking algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on a covariance region descriptor (CRD). The CRD can fuse different features of a targeted object region while handling various complex backgrounds. Hence, the robustness of tracking algorithm is achieved. Moreover, the integral covariance matrix computation is an extension to Bayesian tracking framework, which makes the tracking more efficiency and for handling high performance tracking in real-time. The comparative experiments show that the proposed algorithm is more robust and its efficiency of computation of tracking is higher performed than the one uses traditional the object tracking algorithm with only consideration of single feature.


This paper presents Forward kinematics analysis for the Biped Robot Model (AK robot) and focuses on the considered lower body of a 12 DOF biped robot. Each leg modeled as a kinematic chain with Seven links connected by Six revolute joints. The Description and parameters of AK robot was introduced, also in this paper studied the forward kinematics that refers the analytical study. For describing robot kinematics was used Denavit & Hartenberg (D-H) [1] method, which shows that a general transformation between two joints requires four parameters. These parameters known as the D-H parameters of D-H notation which allows the step from a link to the following link by 4 basic transformations that depends only on the robot's constructive characteristics


The heat of formation and electronic structures of LT-Mg_2NiH_4 and(Mg_2Ni,X)H_4(X=Ag, Al,Ti or Zr)were calculated by plane wave pseudopotential(PW-PP)method which is based on density functional theory,and the influences of alloying elements on the stability of Mg_2 Ni hydride were investigated. A low absolute value of the negative heat of formation of(Mg_2Ni,X)H_4(X=Ag,Al,Ti or Zr) compared with that of Mg_2NiH_4 indicates that the alloying atoms X(X=Ag,Al,Ti or Zr)befit to improve the dehydrogenating properties of Mg_2NiH_4.An interesting trend is found that,the more electronegative of alloying elements,the more unstability of hydride systems.According to the densities of states and Mulliken population analysis,it was found that the improvement of the dehydrogenating properties of Mg_2NiH_4 originates from the increasing of the densities of electron numbers N(E_F)at Fermi level(E_F)and the weaker bonding between Ni and H of(Mg_2Ni,X)H_4(X=Ag,Al,Ti or Zr)which is caused by the addition of Ag,Al,Ti or Zr atoms.Hence,the dehydrogenating properties of Mg_2NiH_4 are expected to be improved to a different extent by the addition of alloy elements.


Local jails present unique challenges for the criminal justice researcher. The authors analyzed survey responses and existing documentation from 138 county jail administrators in Texas to determine relationships between select input variables and the incidence of inmate assaults on staff and other inmates. Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of importation model and managerial model variables on inmate assaults. The logistic model of inmate-on-inmate assaults was significant, whereas that of inmate-on-staff was not. The importation model approach was supported by a strong relationship between proportion of maximum security inmates and inmate assaults and by the relationship between inmates in metropolitan as opposed to non-metropolitan jails and inmate assaults. Findings indicated a weaker relationship between two managerial model variables. No discernible relationships were found between the degree of rehabilitative philosophy expressed by the administrator, the ethnic breakdown of staff, or the type of facility structure and inmate assaults.


Objective To explore the demand of knowledge and ability in first aid among special population in order to offer the references for the byelaw of emergent medical services in Beijing.Methods Qualitative methods such as in-depth interview and focus group discussion were used among specialist of emergency to analyze the demand of special groups′ ability,knowledge,responsibility in first aid.Results Special population included policeman,guide,fireman,trainman,driver,lifesaver,etc.The basic life saving methods,such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be teached.Certificate should be provided by the training organization to those who passed the examination.Their action during the first aid should be protected by the law.Conclusion The criteria and rule on first aid of special population should be established in the byelaw of emergent medical services of Beijing.