The chemical reaction by which a substrate induces a cell to form an adaptive enzyme is not known. Cells may produce many highly specific proteins in response to a specific stimulus. Enzyme production is only one special case; antibodies generally belong to this category (Rahn: Growth, 2, 363, 1938). It has recently been shown by Rothen (J. Biol. Chem., 168, 75, 1947) that the reaction between antigen and antibody is due to an attractive force operating over a distance that is very short but still within the range of microscopical visibility. The formation of an adaptive enzyme in response to a specific substrate can be considered as a similar case. We can look at the enzyme as a mold or template made to fit a certain part of the substrate. It is commonly assumed that enzymes are formed within the cell, and ordinarily the substrates can diffuse into the cell to serve there as templates. This leads to the question whether insoluble substrates, such as starch, or fat, or protein, can induce the formation of adaptive enzymes. Our experiments with the amylase of Streptococcus bovis seem to answer this question in the affirmative. Experiments with "soluble starch" showed that Streptococcus bovis produced no amylase when grown without any carbohydrate; a small amount was formed when grown with glucose and 15 times as much when grown with starch. The amount of amylase was measured by the length of time required by a mixture of 20 ml of cell-free culture (centrifuged) and 1 ml of a 2 per cent starch solution to hydrolyze all starch so that no blue color appeared with iodine on the spot plate. The amylase of S. bovis is quite sensitive to acidity; its optimal pH is at 6.55; good reaction is obtained between pH 6.35 and 7.0. Therefore, the reaction of the centrifugate was adjusted with phosphate buffer or CaCO3 before testing for amylase. A typical result is the following: Streptococcus bovis was grown in nutrient broth without or with glucose and starch as indicated in the table. The cultures were centrifuged, and the clear supernatant, after the addition of starch, was tested at short intervals on the spot plate to see how much time was required to hydrolyze all the starch.


Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) has been widely applied in engineering problems, such as System Identification, Model Reduction, Vibration Control, and Sensor Placement, etc.. Understanding the evolution of SVD components helps one make appropriate decisions on such problems. To this end, this paper is intended to derive analytical formulae of the decomposition components, i.e., singular values and singular vectors, for a Hankel matrix so that the mechanisms of the decomposition can be unfolded. The derivations show how singular vectors are composed of natural frequency and damping ratio, and how singular values appear in pairs and how they are affected by modal parameters. The optimal size of a candidate Hankel matrix is also discussed for single mode case. Finally, numerical examples are given and compared with analytical results. Their excellent agreements confirm the results of this work.


During the early 1990s, scientists devised a fast-growing, genetically engineered (GE) salmon that possesses a growth hormone gene that is expressed in the winter, when the endogenous gene is typically downregulated in wild fish due to the lack of food. The fish reach their mature size — the same size as conventional adult salmon — in about half the time. For the aquaculture business, this trait translates into lower maintenance costs. The US Food and Drug Administration has been reviewing an application for AquaBounty Technologies' AquAdvantage® Salmon for about 15 years. Last fall, the agency appeared to be on the brink of approving the GE salmon; it would have been the first GE animal cleared for human consumption. But the agency decided to continue to mull over the application, while opposition mounted against the GE fish. In May 2011, Earthjustice filed a citizen petition on behalf of Ocean Conservancy, Friends of the Earth, Center for Food Safety, Food & Water Watch, Center for International Environmental Law, and Greenpeace. The purpose of the petition is to prevent the FDA from making a final decision about the GE salmon application until the agency completes an environmental impact statement (EIS) on the risks the animals may pose to the environment. The petitioners also requested that the FDA create general rules that account for any unique environmental risks associated with the production and distribution of GE food animals, and that ensure increased transparency in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Congress joined the GE salmon protest in June while members of the House of Representatives debated an appropriations bill entitled "The Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration and Related Agencies Appropriations Act" (H.R. 2112). Representatives Don Young (R-Alaska) and Lynn Woolsey (D-Calif.) offered a very small amendment that prohibited the use of FDA funds to approve any application for GE salmon. "Why would we want someone to create a Frankenstein fish to compete against a naturally created God-given gift, and have it promoted by supposedly science?" asked Young. "There's no science in this. In fact, they were trying to do and say we have to feed the world with artificial means. And I'm saying, okay. Do it someplace. But don't you do it with my and our salmon." Apparently, a sufficient number among the fewer than a dozen lawmakers in attendance found Young's argument persuasive and approved the attachment of the amendment to the spending bill. Later, the House Republicans passed the entire Act by a 217-203 vote. "This outrageous action is wrong on the facts, wrong on the process and wrong on the policy," AquaBounty's president and CEO Ronald L. Stotish said in a press release. "A handful of representatives have chosen to subvert the FDA's rigorous 15-year plus process. It completely ignores the results of a rigorous scientific review. This sort of political gamesmanship undermines the science based system that protects the nation's health and safety. It is astonishing that Young and a few colleagues would try to game the system in this way." "There is little benefit to society if attempts to increase public participation in the regulatory process are used as an opportunity to vilify technology," say Alison L. Van Eenennaam and William M. Muir in their recent Nature Biotechnology article. The authors point out that the regulation of GE animals in the United States focuses on risks with little consideration of benefits offered by the modified animals. "Few, if any technologies," they say, "could survive a risk-only analysis." Eenennaam and Muir warn that the "current regulatory approach in the United States, coupled with the unpredictable time frame, has stymied commercial investment in the development of GE animals for agricultural applications."


Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in five species of Senecio Linnaeus viz. Senecio laetus Edgew, Senecio nudicaulis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Senecio raphanifolius Wall. ex DC., from series Erucifolii of section Jacobaea; Senecio royleanus DC., from series Nemorenses of section Jacobaea and Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. from section Flexicaulis, of tribe Senecioneae of family Asteraceae. Presence of five types of pyrrolizidine alkaloids viz. Senecionine, Seneciphylline, Integerrimine, Platyphylline and Jacozine have been confirmed in four different species of Senecio Linn. Presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloid is not confirmed in one species, S. nudicaulis. Different types of pyrrolizidine alkaloids are found to be taxonomically significant in infrageneric level. The section Jacobaea is characterized by the absence of pyrrolizidine alkaloid jacozine while section Flexicaulis is characterized by the presence jacozine. Within the section Jacobaea, the series Nemorenses is characterized by platyphylline and the series Erucifolii by Seneciphylline. Within the series Erucifolii, the Senecio laetus is characterized by senecionine and the Senecio raphanifolius by intergerrimine. As the presence of pyrrolizidine is not confirmed in the Senecio nudicaulis of series Erucifolii of section Jacobaea, revealing it as distantly related to its group members, S. laetus and S. raphanifolius; the fact is also revealed by the morphology based cluster analysis carried on the species of Senecio found in Nepal Himalaya. Thus it reflects that the pyrrolizidine alkaloids are in good correlation with the morphological data in genus Senecio Linn. and could be a good taxonomic marker at the


The mature retina is formed through multi‐step developmental processes, including eye field specification, optic vesicle evagination, and cell‐fate determination. Co‐ordination of these developmental events with cell‐proliferative activity is essential to achieve formation of proper retinal structure and function. In particular, the molecular and cellular dynamics of the final cell cycle significantly influence the identity that a cell acquires, since cell fate is largely determined at the final cell cycle for the production of postmitotic cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the co‐ordination of cell‐cycle and cell‐fate determination, and also describes a molecular role of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) as co‐ordinators of cell‐cycle arrest, cell‐fate determination and differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 239:727–736, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We consider Kerr\char21{}de Sitter spacetimes and evaluate their mass, angular momentum, and entropy according to the boundary counterterm prescription. We provide a physical interpretation for angular velocity and angular momentum at future/past infinity. We show that the entropy of the four-dimensional Kerr\char21{}de Sitter spacetimes is less than of pure de Sitter (dS) spacetime in agreement with the entropic $N$ bound. Moreover, we show that maximal mass conjecture which states ``any asymptotically de Sitter spacetime with mass greater than de Sitter has a cosmological singularity'' is respected by asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes with rotation. We furthermore consider the possibility of strengthening the conjecture to state that ``any asymptotically dS spacetime will have mass greater than dS if and only if it has a cosmological singularity'' and find that Kerr\char21{}de Sitter spacetimes do not respect this stronger statement. We investigate the behavior of the $c$ function for the Kerr\char21{}de Sitter spacetimes and show that it is no longer isotropic. However an average of the $c$ function over the angular variables yields a renormalization group flow in agreement with the expansion of spacetime at future infinity.


Cancer cells express unique RNA transcripts; however, the factors determining their translation have remained unclear. We recently developed open reading frame (ORF) dominance as a measure that correlates with coding potential of RNAs. Upon calculating the ORF dominance of cancer-specific transcripts across 24 human tumor types, 14 exhibited significantly higher ORF dominance in cancer than in normal tissues. In organoid-based mouse genetic models, ORF dominance increased with carcinogenesis. Gene ontology analysis revealed that gene sets with increased ORF dominance were associated with cell proliferation, while those with decreased ORF dominance were linked to DNA damage response. Translatome analyses demonstrated that elevated ORF dominance during carcinogenesis resulted in higher translation frequencies of ribosome-bound RNAs. As cancer progressed, ORF dominance showed that the boundary between coding and noncoding transcripts became blurred prior to distant metastasis, indicating decreased proliferative cell populations and increased generation of RNA isoforms that potentially translate neoantigens before the development of metastatic tumors. These findings suggest that cancer evolution leads to dynamic changes in ORF dominance, resulting in global translational alterations in transcriptomes.


Success in marketing any product including pork relies on the ability of a product to uniquely and competitively fill an unmet consumer need in the market, and to create a relationship or brand experience with target consumers. Quality Meat Packers has been a family run meat and pork processor since 1931. From its current location in Toronto, the Company processes 30,000 hogs per week, making it the third largest pork processor in Canada. Hogs are sourced from over 600 farms in Ontario. This presentation highlights four brands of pork that are supplied from Quality Meat Packers that have been successful in the pork category. BRAND STORY 1 – WALKING TREE PORK 'Walking Tree' is the brand name for the fresh chilled pork sold in the Japanese market by Quality Meat Packers. Selling fresh pork in the Japanese market requires a meaningful consumer benefit with high appeal in that market. The Japanese consumer values purity, and the assurance of high standards for food safety. Meeting these needs is captured in the 'Walking Tree' brand through the use of images of Canada (pristine and pure) and the producer families (trusting and caring) that grow the hogs. Support for the brand promise of purity and food safety is done through the sourcing of livestock from six farms in Ontario that make up our "Quality Producer Alliance". These farms follow strict protocols for husbandry, cleanliness, and batch segregation processes. They are regularly audited by a third party and visited by Japanese customers. Further support for the food safety benefit is that the Quality Meat Packers plant is certified under the SQF standards (Safe Quality Foods). This is a standard that is recognized in the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) as the highest level of food safety. Quality Meat Packers was the first meat plant in Canada to obtain SQF certification. BRAND STORY 2 AND 3 – LOBLAW FREE FROM PORK AND NATURE'S OWN PORK There is a segment of consumers in the Canadian market that are looking for purity in the food they eat. They seek to avoid the feeding and medication practices that are often associated with modern farming. A major Canadian retailer, Loblaw Stores is targeting this segment of


Intonation is a crucial factor in uralyzing texts in discourse. One of its most important characteristics is the intonational phrase structure of the text, which determines how a text is organized in terms of intonational breaks from the phrase and sentence level, up to the text level. For example, an utterance might consist of a single intonational phrase without any break in its intonational inflection, or it might consist of several phrases. The intonational phrase organization of an utterance reflects the semantic and discourse-functional structure of the utterance as well as such paralinguistic factors as emotionality and attitudes ofthe speaker. Therefore, it is crucial to define intonational phrases strictly from the phonological perspective of the target language, then correlate the intonational structure of an utterance to its


This document specifies an extension to the ACME protocol [RFC8555] to
enable ACME servers to validate a client's control of an email
identifier using single sign-on (SSO) technologies. An extension to
the CAA [RFC8659] resource record specification is also defined to
provide domain owners a means to declare a set of SSO providers that
ACME servers may rely upon when employing SSO for identifier
validation on their domain.


Objective To determine risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) under 50 years old. Methods 156 adults under 50 years old who had undergone coronoray angiography were divided into 2 group: Group 1 (n=89) with evidence of angiographic CAD and group 2 (n=67) with non-CAD as control. The CAD risk factors were also studied. Results In 156 adults under 50 years old 89 persons had angiographic CAD (57.1%) and 67 persons had non-CAD (42.9%). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, family history of CAD, high-total blood cholesterol level and smocking were conformed to be independent risk factor for CAD. The old ratios (OR) were 0.63, 0.50, 0.97 (P0.05) and relative coefficient were 0.63, 0.50, 0.97 (P0.05) respectively. Conclusion Family history of CAD, high-total blood cholesterol level and smoking were conformed to be independent risk factor in patients in middle-age and young adults. High degree attention and proper life style control should be paid to such a group.


Experiments demonstrated that valid mating stimulated ovarian development and oviposition.Twenty four hours after valid mating,the ratio of ovarian wet weight to body weight increased 56 6%.Valid mated females laid 1 8?fold more eggs than virgin ones,the increased egg laying resulted in the significant decrease of body weight.In contrast,valid mating decreased 87 1% calling behavior and inhibited 91% pheromone production.Moreover,valid mated females behaved in a sexually unreceptive fashion within 12 h following copulation.In addition,a valid mated female lived significantly shorter,only having 10 4 days of life span,compared to 15 6 days of invalid mated female and 18 9 days of virgin one.


Urban landscape planning and design in the late start,the level is not high,in the process of building some problems still exist,the overall design level to be raised.Our modern city landscape planning design should establish a long-term goal,follow the strategy of sustainable development concept,it is with the person this,multi-disciplinary comprehensive application,to achieve the economic,social and ecological benefits of unity.


The Majorana Collaboration is constructing a system containing 44 kg of high-purity Ge (HPGe) detectors to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of a future tonne-scale experiment capable of probing the neutrino mass scale to ∼15 meV. To realize this, a major goal of the Majorana Demonstrator is to demonstrate a path forward to achieving a background rate at or below 1 count/(ROI-t-y) in the 4 keV region of interest (ROI) around the Q-value at 2039 keV. This goal is pursued through a combination of a significant reduction of radioactive impurities in construction materials and analytical methods for background rejection, for example using powerful pulse shape analysis techniques profiting from the p-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors technology. The effectiveness of these methods is assessed using simulations of the different background components whose purity levels are constrained from radioassay measurements. Preliminary background results obtained during the engineering runs of the Demonstrator are presented.


The invention discloses a single-phase alternating current (AC)/ direct current (DC) converter with secondary fluctuating power decoupling and a control method thereof. The converter comprises a network side transformer, a network side filter, an H-bridge circuit and a power decoupling circuit. The network side filter comprises a filter inductor L2 and a filter capacitor C2; and the power decoupling circuit comprises an energy-storing inductor L1, a switch device S5 and a follow-current diode D1. Two terminals P and N are arranged on the direct current side of the single-phase AC/DC converter, and a capacitor C1 is connected between the two terminals in bridging mode. A middle point B of a second bridge arm for connecting a switch device S3 and a switch device S4 in the H-bridge circuit is connected with an emitting pole of the switch device S5 and the cathode of the follow-current diode D1 through the energy-storing inductor L1. The direct current side of the converter only needs to install the capacitor C1 with small capacitance, so that large-capacitance electrolytic capacitors large in size and short in service life in the prior art can be saved. The converter adopts a double closed-loop control method of a direct-side voltage ring and a corresponding current ring, so that the direct current side voltage of the AC/DC converter has fast and accurate tracking capability.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for distributing responding channels for users. The method is used for feeding back the responses of a plurality of downlink subframes in an uplink subframe. According to the method, a preset ACK (acknowledgement character) channel is divided into blocks according to the number of downlink subframes, each downlink subframe corresponds to a block according to a preset sequence or a preset rule, each block is divided into a plurality of sub-blocks, and control channels equipment (CCE) sets in the same subframe are mapped to different sub-blocks respectively, thus more idle ACK channels can be released to form resource blocks to be used for transmission of other channels such as PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel). The embodiment of the invention also discloses other methods for distributing responding channels for users, and a device and a communication system for distributing responding channels for users.


In 5 out of 84 patients suffering from impotence a prolonged erection was observed after intracavernous papaverine injection. Treatment consisted of puncture of the cavernous body, blood evacuation and intracavernous adrenaline injection. In 4 patients erectile function could be preserved and in the fifth patient a penile prosthesis has been implanted.


This paper studies the two G-inequalities for maximal operator in Orlicz mar- tingale spaces,The sufficient and necessary conditions on the inequalities corresponding are obtained.The equivalent conditions on Burkholder-Gundy's twoφ-inequalities are also given.Finally,the relation of Cianchi's weak (φ_1,φ_2)-type inequality and the stronger order ofφ-functions is discussed.


The utility model relates to a tobacco leaf and stem cutting machine, and relates to the technical field of a tobacco leaf and stem breaking and cutting device which is used in the further processing of tobacco leaves, which mainly aims at solving the problems such as inconvenience in the separation and subsequent individual processing of tobacco leaves and the tobacco stems. The tobacco leaf and stem cutting machine comprises a stander, a conveying device and a cutting tool, and is characterized in that the conveying device comprises conveying belts and conveying rollers, the conveying rollers are arranged in the front-rear direction of the stander, the two conveying belts are sleeved on the conveying rollers in a separating manner; a metal chain is held on a carried article on the conveying belts after being matched with three chain wheels and rollers; the cutting tool comprises an upper cutter and a lower cutter, and the upper cutter and the lower cutter are matched with each other to cut the tobacco stems; the upper cutter is lifted through a worm and a gear as well as a gear and a rack. The tobacco leaves are conveyed after being compressed through the conveying belts and the metal chain, and the tobacco leaves are separated from the tobacco stems through the cutting of the upper cutter and the lower cutter, so that the problems such as the inconvenience in separation and subsequent individual processing of the tobacco leaves and tobacco stems can be effectively solved.


This paper argues that the zone of indifference, as defined by Barnard varies with culture because of different conceptions of authority and different attitudes toward subordination. Data from an empirical study are reported that support the hypothesis.


It was found out that under turning wheel pairs, complete tool failure occurs as a result of ductile fracture of cutting wedge. It was also found out that the process of ductile fracture of a tool is governed by creep of local volumes of tool material adjacent to tool contact areas caused by its severe thermo-mechanical load in machining of hard-drawn surfaces of wheel pairs. The method was proposed to effectively reduce thermo-mechanical load on tool contact areas under machining of wheel pairs, while improving heat transfer from the cutting zone, which provides reduction of thermal stress of cutting wedge and improvement of the efficiency of cutting tool.


JONATHAN ASBRIDGE was off school, sick, when he saw something on television about male nurses. He was 11 years old, but knew instantly 'that is what I want to do'. So using the resourcefulness that would typify his adult life, he wrote to Phyllis Friend, the then chief nursing officer, for advice. She sent him a leaflet called Nursing A Career for Men.


Ramji Sinha, Mrs. Tanu Rizvi , 3 Prof. Saji T. Chacko Research scholar , 2 Asst. Professor of EEE Department , H. O. D. Of EEE Department S.S.G.I. Bhilai Chhattisgarh India 1 firstname.lastname@example.com , firstname.lastname@example.com ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractDistance protection of transmission lines including advanced Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices has been a very challenging task. FACTS device of interest in this paper is Fixed Capacitor (FC) connected in series with transmission system. The series devices are compensating reactive power. With their influence on the effective impedance on the line, they have an influence on stability and power flow. These devices are installed on platforms in series to the line. This paper presents application of wavelet transform in fault detection and classification of series compensated transmission line. The proposed scheme uses Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), which is widely used in recent for power system protection. DWT is used here to extract the hidden factors from the fault signal. The method used in this paper is based on the three-phase current waveform measured during the occurrence of fault in the power transmission line. The proposed algorithm is validated through MATLAB/Simulink software and the obtained results bring out the application of in fault detection and classification of series compensated transmission line. Keywords-Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), Fixed Capacitor (FC), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), multi resolution analysis (MRA), MATLAB/Simulink software. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and characterized by cognitive and memory impairments. Emerging evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) biomacromolecules in brain plays an important role in etiology of AD. It has been detected that the levels of ECM proteins have been changed in the brains of AD patients and animal models. Some ECM components, e.g., elastin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are considered to promote the upregulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins. In addition, collagen VI and laminin are shown to have interactions with Aβ peptides, which might lead to clearance of those peptides. Thus, ECM proteins are involved in both amyloidosis and neuroprotection in AD process. However, the molecular mechanism of neuronal ECM proteins on pathophysiology of AD remains elusive. More investigation of ECM proteins with AD pathogenesis is needed, and this may lead to novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers for AD.


Developing green and sustainable micro/nanoparticles that can be used to stabilize high-internal-phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) via simple methods is of great significance. Herein, polymeric na...


Our life is an apprenticeship to the truth that around every circle another can be drawn; that there is no end in nature, but every end is a beginning; that there is always another dawn risen on mid-noon, and under every deep a lower deep opens.--Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Circles" (1841) But that's getting too far ahead of the story, almost to the end, although the end is in the beginning and lies far ahead.--Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (1952) In that place, where they tore the nightshade and blackberry patches from their roots to make room for the Medallion City Golf Course, there was once a neighborhood.--Toni Morrison, Sula (1973) [A]bove all it is necessary to read and reread those in whose wake I write, the "books" in whose margins and between whose lines I mark out and read a text simultaneously almost identical and entirely other....--Jacques Derrida, Positions (1980) Twenty-five years after the death of Sula Peace, Nel Green recalls the cycle of her own martyred life as she walks to the nursing home to visit Sula's grandmother. During the visit, she learns that Eva knows the most painful secret of her childhood, which she and Sula have closely kept. When Eva tells her that she and Sula are "just alike," Nel recoils in anger and embarrassment. She runs from the nursing home to Sula's grave and there faces her own complicity in the death of the little boy known as Chicken Little (163-71). Leaving the grave, Nel suddenly stops: "Sula?" she whispered, gazing at the tops of the trees. "Sula?" Leaves stirred; mud shifted; there was the smell of overripe green things. A soft ball of fur broke and scattered like dandelion spores in the breeze. "All that time, all that time, I thought I was missing Jude." And the loss pressed down on her chest and came up into her throat. "We was girls together," she said as though explaining something. "O Lord, Sula," she cried, "girl, girl, girlgirlgirl." It was a fine cry--loud and long--but it had no bottom and it had no top, just circles and circles of sorrow. (174) The scene actually begins in the chapter "1937" as Nel, betrayed by Sula and abandoned by Jude, cowers in her bathroom: Nel waited. Waited for the oldest cry. A scream not for others, not in sympathy for a burnt child, or a dead father, but a deeply personal cry for one's own pain. A loud, strident: "Why me?" She waited. The mud shifted, the leaves stirred, the smell of overripe green things enveloped her and announced the beginnings of her very own howl. But it did not come. (108) That scream does not come for twenty-seven years. In the interim, her repressed scream takes the form of a "little ball of fur and string and hair always floating in the light," which Nel refuses to face. She believes that the ball represents her memory of Jude; actually it shields her from admitting that Sula is the real loss. Knowing that her grief for Jude will pass and that its passing will be her private hell, Nel fastens her attention on the details of this new life. When she refuses to look at the ball all summer, her agony fades, but it will not entirely disappear (108-09). By the chapter "1940" Nel's psychological survival has taken the form of motherly martyrdom. She refuses to depend on her parents, and assuming both male and female roles, works where Jude had worked and cares for his abandoned children. Moored by "[v]irtue, bleak and drawn," she visits Sula's deathbed--ostensibly the good woman visiting a sick member of the community, she wants to know why Sula had betrayed their friendship and destroyed her marriage. She leaves "embarrassed, irritable, and a little bit ashamed," but no closer to resolution (138-46). Nel notifies the authorities that "a Miss Peace" has died at 7 Carpenter's Road, and attends Sula's funeral when the rest of the Bottom will not (172-73). In the years following Sula's death, Nel pinned herself into a tiny life. …


Shandong, as a big province in agriculture development, the agriculture and the village development has the typical model and demonstration in the whole country. This thesis summarizes the present conditions of village industrial structure adjustment in Shandong province, also put forward the development tendency, to expect to have lessons for national and other regions with the apocalypse function.


This article describes the movement to convert UK trains to biodiesel fuels. Virgin Trains is leading this effort with a six-month trial of biodiesel fuel and hopes eventually to convert its entire fleet of Voyager trains. Virgin is also calling for tax breaks to make biodiesel a more attractive fuel option for train operators. Virgin estimates that if its entire fleet is converted to run on 20% biodiesel, it would save 34,500 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions a year. However, at least one environmental watch group believes that the cultivation of fuels to power engines will displace food-producing farmland, which will actually accelerate the rate of carbon emissions.


In this paper, the authors present a new method of a shunt active filter control. In contrast to the conventional control techniques. With the proposed variable structure control, the switching patterns are generated directly by transforming the controller outputs in /spl alpha//spl beta/ frame with selecting an optimum digital switching table. Simulation results obtained with the Saber program are presented to verify the dynamic and the steady-state performances of the controller design. In addition, the controller achieves a significant reduction of the switching frequency.


Hematite (α-Fe2O3) with well-defined plate, cube and rod morphologies has been successfully synthesized, which predominantly exposes the (001), (012) and (110) facets, respectively. Rod-like α-Fe2O3 with exposed (110) facets showed a greater CO catalytic activity than catalysts with all other morphologies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results and theoretical calculation analysis revealed that the different catalytic activities over the catalysts with various morphologies could be attributed to various catalytic mechanisms caused by different surface structures, leading to different activation energies in CO oxidation catalysis by α-Fe2O3 (001), (012) and (110) facets.


The interaction among protection strength of product warranty contract,product quality level provided by the manufacturer and the effort level provided by the consumers to the product under the existing double-side moral hazard between manufacturing enterprises and consumers are analyzed in this paper and a product warranty contract models is built up.Under the information symmetry theories,it shows that the win-win product warranty contract can be reached between manufacturers and consumers through consultation.However,it is difficult to reach a mutually satisfactory product warranty contract under the information asymmetry theories.


Pangandaran District is a new district in West Java Province, established in 2013. The condition of the government is still in pioneering, some government institutions are still joining the original district, namely Ciamis District. This condition causes the Department of Agriculture in Pangandaran to have difficulty in providing the data. In addition to this situation, the department felt that the difficulties in data collection were due to the lack of understanding of the extension agents and field staff on the importance of data for regional development. Besides that, the agency needs agricultural data to determine the planning and direction of government policies in the agricultural sector. Therefore the agriculture department will the data literacy activities for its employees, its hope all employees to understand the scope of statistics, the importance of data and the Farmer's Terms of Trade (FTT). The form of this activity is a one-day seminar with presentations and discussions methods. The result of this activity, participants can understand about statistics and data, all participants and field workers to develop it as part of them as data that is a very strategic part. Second, participants who are able to understand FTT as a measure of performance from the Agriculture Department, therefore the department will produce FTT.


High-performance stimuli-responsive polymers that exhibit spontaneous, sophisticated and reversible responses to a wide range of external stimuli are reported, adapting a stimuli-responsive dynamic covalent chemical crosslinker and a biomimetic modular polymer design.


Ocean has a very important strategic meaning for a country~′s politics,economy and military.Our country~′s present maritime force is too separate to execute the law.It~′s necessary to establish our own coast guard as soon as possible to execute the law effectively.The paper introduces the present position of inner and outer executing power,points out the abuse in ours executing power,and researches the necessity to establish our own coast guard.


E-learning systems are tremendously popular. Lifelong learning, learning anytime and anywhere are one of most effective slogans for pushing distance learning. Unfortunately, the promises that all learners benefit from elearning could not be kept. The amount of frustrated, un-motivated users is quite huge proved by high drop out rates. Despite enormous efforts to provide high-level multimedia learning lessons, most e-learners complain about a "onesize-fits-all" philosophy, a resulting cognitive overload and consequently the lack of personalization of existing applications. The work presented in this paper introduces an approach of how to make e-learning systems more usercentric with respect to psychological differences and individualities. The big step from common to personalized e-learning is realized through the introduction of multi-level topic maps. Psychological factors such as cognitive styles, learning modalities, learning strategies, aspects relevant for managing the learning environment, and learning objects are represented as topics associated in networks to build individual learning sequences and surroundings. Single output depends on the chosen path taken in the topic maps, whereby this decision is supported through virtual guidance provided by the system.


The aim of this research was to examine if comorbid relationships exist between psychopathy and depression in a community sample of different ethnic and sex groups. Based on some previous research, it was hypothesized that psychopathy and depression would be correlated and that secondary psychopathy would be the strongest predictor of depression regardless of different ethnic and sex belongings. The survey was carried out on the adult population in the region of Croatia populated by citizens of Croatian and Serbian minority ethnicity. The equalized convenience sample of 1100 participants, half of which were Croats and half of males. Pearson-product moment correlation coefficients were calculated as a measure of the strength and direction of linear relationships among primary and secondary and depression. In order to determine how well scores on depression could be predicted by primary and secondary psychopathy across different demographic groups, multiple regression analysis were used. It was found that both primary and secondary psychopathy were significantly correlated in a positive direction with depression in different ethnic and sex groups. However, secondary psychopathy was more correlated with depression across different ethnic and sex subsamples. The results of regression analysis revealed that secondary psychopathy was the strongest predictor of depression in all demographic subsamples. After age and school attainment were introduced into regression models, it was shown that a very small percentage of the variance is explained by the sociodemographic variables. The research suggested a significant role of secondary psychopathy in relation to a higher level of psychopathology.


This letter addresses a structural disambiguation method for Korean adverbs based on the correlative relation constraints between adverbs and modifiees, and the morphological context information of sentences. Using the proposed method, we improved the dependency parsing accuracy of adverbs from 79.2 to 89%. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is especially expert in parsing adverbs which can modify multiple word classes or have a long distance dependency relation to their modifiees.


[Objective] The aim was to provide reference data for the biological control of cucumber grey mold.[Method] With endophytic bacteria B12 and B13 from cucumber leaves as tested strains,the effects of strain fermentation liquid and fermentation filtrate on the germination of Botrytis cinerea conidia were studied through spore germination test.[Result] The inhibitory rates of original fermentation liquid of the strains B12 and B13 on spore germination were 94.4% and 91.3% resp.,their inhibitory rates on the growth of germinal tube were 84.2% and 79.7% resp.and the inhibitory rates of their 10 times diluted liquid on spore germination were 87.2% and 78.2% resp.The inhibitory rate of the fermentation filtrates of the strains B12 and B13 were 90.0% and 84.4% resp.and their inhibitory rates on the growth of germinal tube were 82.6% and 76.7% resp.At 50 ℃,the inhibitory rates of fermentation filtrates of the strains B12 and B13 were 84.7% and 83.1% resp.,their inhibitory rates were 78.9% and 73.9% resp.after they were treated with boiling-water bath at 100 ℃ and their inhibitory rates were 35.7% and 27.2% resp.after they were treated with high temperature at 121 ℃.When the pH value was 3,the inhibitory rates of fermentation filtrates of the strains B12 and B13 were 11.3% and 9.3% resp.;when the pH value was 12,their inhibitory rates were 31.4% and 25.4% resp.[Conclusion] The endophytic bacteria B12 and B13 could be used to control cucumber grey mold.


This research study investigates the minimization of inequality in the ranks of vertices obtained using the PageRank algorithm. PageRank is a widely used algorithm for ranking webpages and plays a significant role in determining web traffic. This study employs the Gini coefficient, a measure of income/wealth inequality, to assess the inequality in PageRank distributions on various types of graphs. The investigation involves two experiments: one that modifies strategies for handling dead-end nodes and another that explores six deterministic methods for reducing inequality. Our findings indicate that a combination of two distinct heuristics may present an effective strategy for minimizing inequality.


Often seen as a major step in linking personality to environmental influence, cognitive styles research has come a long way in the study of individual differences in cognition. With a resurgence of interest in individual differences studies due to the rise of personalised educational technology and services, it becomes further important to collate research findings in this field. This review attempts to present a timely comprehensive picture of latest theories, assessments and applications of cognitive styles as a research construct in cognitive psychology, thereby integrating the construct into the mainstream cognitive science research areas of today.


Using the routing sounding and surface observation data,the spatial-temporal distributions and isometeoric vertical profiles on thunderstorms weather over the Tibetan Plateau are analyzed in summer(from June to August)during 2000-2009.The stability index Kis modified as KMindex basis on these research and KMindex is validated.The results show that the center of thunderstorm number is mainly located in hinterland,southwest and east over the Tibetan Plateau.The center of thunderstorm number transfer along with months of summer from midland to southwest.The location of thunderstorm center is excursion to south and the mean frequency of thunderstorm numbers decrease in recently 5years.The thunderstorm happened in different time over the Tibetan Plateau.The occurring time of thunderstorm in north and midland is 3~6hearly than that in the south of Tibetan Plateau.The inverse humidity occurs near ground in Lasa and Dingri district.There is the minimum value ofθseon 400hPa.In addition,an especially unstable layer is present between 500and 400hPa,and above 400hPa,the condition of atmosphere is stable.The validate KMindex is shown that approximately 93.5%of thunderstorm occur with the KM10℃ and there is no thunderstorm occur when KM0 ℃.The KMindex can predict thunderstorm on the Tibetan Plateau combined with wind,humidity and other parameters.


Traditional ant colony algorithm has many disadvantages such as poor population diversity and sensitive to initial value. It will be difficult to find optimal solution only relying on traditional pheromone update mode, and easily fall into local optimum. In order to solve these problems, an approach for extracting coupling matrix based on chaotic ant colony algorithm is proposed in this paper. This method effectively combines the hopping of the chaotic algorithm with the fast optimization of the ant colony algorithm, and solves the problem of single algorithm for initial value sensitivity and precocious maturity. Through the simulation experiment of cross and non cross coupled coaxial cavity filter, the method has strong global optimization ability, and has fast convergence speed and good optimization effect.


This paper first studies the characteristic of concrete,including the compsition of concrete and the structure,then based on the composition of domestic sewage by doing expriment(seeing table 1),it discusses how domestic sewage corrodes concrete pipelines,lastly it obtains five conclusions.


This paper has for its purpose the summary and critical examination of existing information and opinion relative to the structure and stratigraphy of the central part of the Appalachian geosyncline. The Appalachian geosyncline is made up of three major basins of deposition: (1) a Northern basin with its deepest point near Altoona, Pennsylvania; (2) a Central basin with its deepest point near Elkins, West Virginia; and (3) a Southern basin with its thickest sediments centered near Birmingham, Alabama. This paper is concerned only with the Central basin. Two cross sections, showing sequence, thickness, and areal distribution of the rocks as far as known by drilling, are given. One of these is drawn transverse to the major axis of the Appalachian geosyncline and traverses the deeper part of the Central basin from northwest to southeast. The other roughly parallels the major axis of the Appalachian geosyncline and traverses the west flank of the Central basin from northeast to southwest.


On 31 July 2019, a Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans) was observed consuming a Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) at Meux Creek, Neustadt, Ontario. The bat was likely roosting at a nearby undercut bank when it was predated by the frog, which required nearly 90 min to consume its prey. This is the first record of a Green Frog consuming a bat species in Canada.


Based on the significant difference of hydride generation efficiency between As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ).And set up inorganic arsenic species in tea by the electrochemical hydride generation coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry was developed with selective electrochemical reduction.Under the optimum conditions,the methodology develpoped provided the detection limits of 0.5 and 0.9 μg/L for As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ).The method was successfully applied to determination of micro inorganic arsenic species in tea with the recovery of 97%~105%.


Covalent organic frameworks doped with metal cations can be used as novel precursors for the in situ encapsulation of metal NPs into N doped hollow carbon spheres. The integration of the hollow structure, N dopant and ultrafine Pd NPs gives the hybrid nanocomposites advanced catalytic performance.


A n n u a l W h e a t N e w s l e t t e r V o l. 5 6. Mehla BS, Sharma SC, and Hooda JS. 2000. Gene action for certain quantitative traits in wheat. Ann Biol Ludhiana 16(1):95-100. Kaur N and Singh P. 2004. Gene effect for grain yield and related attributes in triticum durum. Ind J Genet 64(2):137138. Paroda RS and Joshi AB. 1970. Genetic architechture of yield and components of yield in wheat. Ind J Genet 30:298314. Singh RP and Singh S. 1992. Estimation of genetic parameters through generation mean analysis in bread wheat. Ind J Genet 52:369-375. Singh G, Nanda GS, and Sohu VS. 1998. Gene effects for grains per spike, grain weight and grains per spikelet in a set of nineteen crosses of bread wheat. Ind J Genet 58:83-89. Satyavart, Yadava RK, Raj L, Singh M, and Rana OPS. 2000. Genetics of leaf characters in bread wheat. Environ Ecol 18(2):509-511. Sharma SN, Sain RS, and Sharma RK. 2003. Genetics of spike length in durum wheat. Euphytica 130(2):155-161. Sharma SN and Sain RS. 2004. Inheritance of days to heading days to maturity plant height and grain yield in an intervarietal cross of durum wheat. SABRAO J Breed Genet 36(2): 73-82. Shekhawat US, Prakash V, and Bhardwaj RP. 2006. Inheritance of grain yield and tillers per plant in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ind J Genet 66(1):16-18. Shekhawat US, Bhardwaj RP, and Prakash V. 2000. Gene action for yield and its components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Ind J Agric Res 34(3):176-178. Simon MR. 1994. Gene action and heritability for photosynthetic activity in two wheat crosses. Euphytica 76(3):235238. Singh G, Nanda GS, and Gill KS. 1984. Inheritance of yield and its components in five crosses of spring wheat. Ind J Agric Sci 54(11):943-949. Sharma SN, Sain RS, and Sharma RK. 2001. Genetics of days to heading maturity and plant height in Triticum turgidum var durum over environments. Crop Imp 28(2):254-259. Sharma SN and Sain RS. 2002. Inheritance of tillers-per-plant in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf). Ind J Genet Pl Breed 62(2):101-103. Sharma SN, Sain RS, and Sharma RK. 2003. Genetics of spike length in durum wheat. Euphytica 130(2):155-161. Vimal SC and Vishwakarma SR. 1999. Gene effect controlling yield components in barley (H. vulgare L.). Ind J Genet 18:21-25 Yadav B, Yunus S, and Madan S. 1997. Genetic architechture of yield, yield components and quality traits. Ind J Agric Res 31:28-32.


To explore the lead removal of different washing agents for soil polluted by lead in lead battery factory and the lead behavior during washing process in soils with different sized particles,this paper studies the size grading of the soil particles and setting the washing time based on setting different concentration gradient of washing agents.The results show that the optimal lead removal rates of EDTA and EDDS are 107.19% and 96.49% respectively for the soil at site B;and that of hydrochloric acid for soils at point A,B and C are 49.57%,99.03% and 89.93%;for soils at the three point,the highest remove rate of citric acid is 39.51%,while all the three removal rates of rhamnolipid are less than 10%;EDTA and EDDS performances show advantage in soil polluted by high concentration lead;citric acid is suitable for soil with medium or low lead concentration;application of hydrochloric acid should consider the soil situation.The lead removal rates are high for coarse sands and fine sands,but low for the silt soil;the optimum washing time is 240 minutes.In addition,the physical and chemical properties of soil affect the washing performance,and over high washing agent concentration may reduce the efficiency.This study provides scientific basis for the technology of washing soil polluted by lead.


The CBN Governor noted that the vision or prospect of the CBN and the Federal Governament of Nigeria is a banking system that is part of the global change, and which is stong and reliable. It is a banking system which must be efficient, depositors can trust and ivestors can rely upon. Using descriptive approach, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the causes, consequences and implication of the policy thrust of the recent bank capitalization/ consolidation of the Nigerian Comercial banks. The implications of this paper amongst others, is that reforms, remain a major tool for banking soundness, especially in the light of the recent global financial meltdown.


Transient flow into drains is studied by obtaining computer solutions of the Richards equation by the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. The flow towards drains placed in two-layered soils is examined for two backfill conditions. In the first case the drain is installed so that the soil layers remain unchanged. This might correspond to a drain pulled into the ground by a plow. In the second case the excavated trench is backfilled with surface soil. The entire backfill is assumed to have the hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil. The study shows that the backfill has a very significant effect on the flow into drains in layered soils. The computer results are also compared to several will-known transient drainage equations for homogeneous soil. /ASCE/


A vibrational screen for screening aggregate is provided to allow a screen to be exchanged easily and to allow the vibration of a body to be transferred to a screen more effectively. A vibrational screen for screening aggregate comprises a body(10) which vibrates by the vibration unit and where a screen(20) is arranged; and a bracket(11) which is installed at the installation position of the screen with a suitable interval so as to support the screen, wherein the bracket supports the screen by inserting an elastic member(12) made of a rubber material rod into the groove.


Objective To study the effect about walk training of cerebral palsy treatment with conductive education approach and Bobath method .Methods 86 patients with cerebral palsy were divided into two groups.Treated with conductive education approach and Bobath method.Effects was evaluated before and after the treatment.Results The overall score on motion function development was not significantly different between the two groups(P 0.05).However,There were significantly different in walking established and gait improved in the two groups(P 0.05).Conclusion Both of the two therapeutic methods are effective in treating cerebral palsy.However,conductive education approach is more effectual in walking established and gait improved.


Diagrams of the Reaction Wheel Assembly (RWA) are presented along with charts and graphs illustrating jitter error model, induced vibration tests, radial displacement transfer function, and axial displacement power spectra density. The RWA isolator specification requirements are listed.


A simulator for exponential function in Shor's quantum algorithm is presented. It is based on optical array logic (OAL) which is one of paradigm for digital optical computing. In the method, a quantum statement with superposition and entanglement is represented by two-dimensional spatial pattern. Parallel processing set by OAL simulates quantum properties.


SignificanceIn ideal shared decision making (SDM), evidence-based treatment options, their likelihood of success, and the probability of adverse events is discussed with the patient. However, current SDM is fundamentally flawed because evidence for patient-specific treatment effectiveness and patient-specific adverse event risks is lacking. Observational outcome registries are better than randomized clinical trials for determining patient prognostic factors for outcomes and adverse events. No orthopaedic SDM clinical tools exist to predict patient-specific outcomes. Hypothesis: A patient-specific shared decision making tool can predict clinically significant outcomes and adverse events for total knee replacement (TKR) surgery.MethodsA web–based prospective observational outcome registry collects patient reported outcomes (PROs) for TKR surgery. The data set for TKR surgery includes: (1) European quality of life (EQ-5D); (2) Oxford Knee Score (OKS); (3) Lower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS); and (4) Pain L...


By sorting out the working flow of protecting and building the ethnic towns or villages in Guizhou province,and also by analyzing the specific problems in its operation,this paper aims to present the causes to trigger these problems.


The goal of this research is the statistical optimisation of the chemical stability of hybrid microwave-sintered alumina ceramics in nitric acid. The chemical stability of ceramic materials in corrosive media depends on many parameters, such as the chemical and phase composition of the ceramics, the properties of the aggressive medium (concentration, temperature, and pressure), and the exposure time. Therefore, the chemical stability of alumina ceramics in different aqueous nitric acid solution concentrations (0.50 mol dm−3, 1.25 mol dm−3, and 2.00 mol dm−3), different exposure times (up to 10 days), as well as different temperatures (25, 40, and 55 °C), was investigated, modelled, and optimised. The chemical stability of high purity alumina ceramics (99.8345 wt.% of Al2O3) was determined by measuring the amount of eluted ions (Al3+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Na+, and Si4+) obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The changes in the density of alumina ceramics during the chemical stability monitoring were also determined. The Box–Behnken approach was employed to reach the optimum conditions for obtaining the highest possible chemical stability of alumina at a given temperature range, exposure time, and molar concentration of nitric acid. It was found that an increase in exposure time, temperature, and nitric acid concentration led to an increase in the elution of ions from hybrid microwave-sintered alumina. Higher amounts of eluted ions, Al3+ (14.805 µg cm−2), Ca2+ (7.079 µg cm−2), Fe3+ (0.361 µg cm−2), Mg2+ (3.654 µg cm−2), and Na+ ions (13.261 µg cm−2), were obtained at 55 °C in the 2 mol dm− 3 nitric acid. The amount of eluted Si4+ ions is below the detection limit of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The change in the alumina ceramic density during the corrosion test was negligible.


This is an excellent monograph in which the senior author-editor achieves his primary aim (as stated in the preface) of providing newer information and concepts as well as of emphasizing older valuable landmarks. The seven chapters are written by the two authors-editors and other authorities in the field and deal with the following topics: pathology of multiple myeloma, the myeloma cell, experimental plasma cell tumors, antigen binding M-components, benign monoclonal gammopathies, immunologic deficiency syndromes, and amyloidosis. In putting together the conceptual design of each chapter, the authors draw on their own vast experience, particularly where necessary to fill in gaps in knowledge. The various authors do not hesitate to go to the edge of current knowledge to provide useful concepts regarding the unknown, tentative though they must be. Another advantage is the relating of concepts of mechanisms involved in myeloma and similar disorders to other phenomena, such as autoimmunity, cancer,


The development of photochemical competence in chloroplast thylakoid membranes was studied using a series of nuclear gene mutants of barley. The chloroplasts of each mutant reached a different developmental stage when grown under a single set of environmental conditions. Photochemical capacity as well as morphological and compositional features were compared for chloroplasts in the primary leaves of eight mutants and wild-type barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Svalofs Bonus) after growth of the plants for 7 days at 21°C and 1700 lux. The results obtained indicated a sequence for the progressive acquisition of photochemical capability by the chloroplast membranes. The least developed of the mutant chloroplasts photoreduced ferricyanide but not 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP). Immature chloroplast membrane systems from other slightly more developed mutants showed a low activity for DCIP photoreduction which was stimulated by diphenylcarbazide. In these mutants, however, the rate of photoreduction of ferricyanide was not stimulated by the uncoupler methylamine, proton pump activity was not detected and photosystem I activity was low. In the more developed of the mutant thylakoid systems, photoreductive activity was stimulated by methylamine and a proton gradient was generated in the light. The more developed the system, the greater was the stimulation obtained with methylamine. Other changes which were correlated with lamellar membrane development included a decrease in the light intensity required to saturate ferricyanide and DCIP photoreductive activities and an increase in the degree of inhibition of the photoreduction of ferricyanide by the photosystem II inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). The activity changes were not correlated with either the amount of grana present or the ratio of chlorophyll a to b. Mutants showing low rates of DCMU-sensitive photoreduction of ferricyanide and DCIP were aberrant in protein composition of the chloroplast membranes.


The paper explores the structural design for the multi-function rooms of cultural and artistic centers of capitals of provinces,undertakes the comparative analysis of many models generally by adopting the finite element software,PKPM and ETABS,has the intermediate earthquake elastic calculation and analysis of the supplement of the important parts of the structures,and indicates the anti-seismic capacity of the important parts of the structural system is improved greatly in the aspect of the performance design according to the analysis results,so as to ensure the anti-seismic performance of the structures.


This paper investigates further on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols based on classical error-correcting codes, previously proposed by the authors. In [1], the classic channel coding techniques were shown to be suitable, in particular conditions, instead of quantum error-correcting codes, for correcting errors that occur during the exchange of a cryptographic key between two authorized users. To this end, systematic parallel concatenated codes, also known as turbo codes, were proposed in [1]. In this paper we address the properties that the systematic parallel concatenated codes must have in order to be successfully used in a QKD protocol. In particular, we address the problem, not considered in [1], that the constituent codes used in the parallel concatenation scheme must be such that the information sequence cannot be easily recovered from the encoder output sequences. In fact, the parallel classical channel on which to transmit only the redundancy bits is highly reliable but also public, i.e., very vulnerable as far as the attack attempts of a possible attacker are concerned.


This paper presents a new synchronization scheme for detecting multiple positive-/negative-sequence frequency harmonics in three-phase systems for grid-connected power converters. The proposed technique is called MAVF-FLL because it is based on the use of multiple adaptive vectorial filters (AVFs) working together inside a harmonic decoupling network, resting on a frequency-locked loop (FLL) which makes the system frequency adaptive. The method uses the vectorial properties of the three-phase input signal in the αβ reference frame in order to obtain the different harmonic components. The MAVF-FLL is fully designed and analyzed, addressing the tuning procedure in order to obtain the desired and predefined performance. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by both simulation and experimental results, demonstrating its ability to perform as required for detecting different harmonic components under a highly unbalanced and distorted input grid voltage.


Summary The law of occupation has become the subject of great contemporary interest because of two prominent, although sui generis, situations: the long-term Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights and the "transformative" occupation of Iraq. In both situations, the occupying powers resisted the label of belligerent occupier and selectively applied the 1907 Hague Regulations and the 1949 Geneva Conventions to the territories in question. The unique circumstances of these occupations have sparked vigorous debate over the future of the law of occupation. To wit, is the widely accepted, but largely unenforced, law of occupation capable of regulating transitions between armed conflict and peace in the twenty-first century? This article examines recent developments in the notoriously open-textured law of occupation that have arisen as this law has been variously ignored, invoked, challenged, examined, and ultimately reformed through practice. In particular, it discusses the triggers for beginning and ending an occupation, including recent jurisprudence on the "effective control" test. The article examines who can be an occupier, the question of "multiple occupiers" under unified command, and the obligations of occupiers in the areas of legislation and institutional reform. The author also considers the challenges of UN involvement in transitional situations, including the applicability of the law of occupation to UN forces and the role of the Security Council in adapting the law of occupation. The author concludes with a discussion of the principle of "conservationism" and the relationship between the law of occupation and jus post bellum, in order to provide an assessment of possible "futures" of the law of occupation.


This paper studies programming for serial communication in Visual C++. It gives in detail the properties of the Microsoft Communications Control (MSComm) as well as programming instances of serial communication between PC and microcontroller.


We present spatially resolved millimeter maps of Neptune between 95 and 242 GHz taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in 2016–2017. The millimeter weighting functions peak between 1 and 10 bar on Neptune, lying in between the altitudes probed at visible/infrared and centimeter wavelengths. Thus, these observations provide important constraints on the atmospheric structure and dynamics of Neptune. We identify seven well-resolved latitudinal bands of discrete brightness temperature variations, on the order of 0.5–3 K in all three observed ALMA spectral bands. We model Neptune's brightness temperature using the radiative-transfer code Radio-BEAR and compare how various H2S, CH4, and ortho-/para-H2 abundance profiles can fit the observed temperature variations across the disk. We find that observed variations in brightness temperature with latitude can be explained by variations in the H2S profile that range from sub- to supersaturations at altitudes above the 10 bar pressure level, while variations in CH4 improve the quality of fit near the equator. At the south polar cap, our best-fit model has a depleted deep atmospheric abundance of H2S from 30 to only 1.5 times the protosolar value, while simultaneously depleting the CH4 abundance. This pattern of enhancement and depletion of condensible species is consistent with a global circulation structure where enriched air rises at the midlatitudes (32°–12°S) and north of the equator (2°–20°N), and dry air descends at the poles (90°–66°S) and just south of the equator (12°S–2°N). Our analysis finds more complex structure near the equator than accounted for in previous circulation models.


The communications infrastructure for building automation systems was not originally designed to be resilient, and is susceptible to network attacks. Adversaries can exploit out-of-date legacy systems, insecure open protocols, exposure to the public internet, and outdated firmware to cause harm. To improve the defense strategies, significant efforts to provide defense through network detection have been conducted. However, the existing solutions require human intervention, such as analyst or an incident responder to investigate breaches and mitigate possible damages or data loss. Instead, this paper proposes an automated, device-level solution that can be deployed on a single board computer to effectively detect, and provide response strategies that deflect malicious signals and remediate infected devices when network-based cyber-attacks are successful. The solution monitors critical control networks, analyzes packet data, and actively detects and responds to attacks using an unsupervised artificial neural network.


According to the hydrology geological environment of Dayun Bridge engineering of Wen-Fu railway and its economic benefits situation,the paper elect up-water platform to work on basic construction by combining with steel-planks piles surrounding wall.Meanwhile,it also introduces the design of steel-planks piles surrounding wall and its construction essentials,so as to provide a reference for similar projects.


The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of innovation of the mobile operator's services on the levels of adoption of consumers to these services and therefore to re-purchase the same operator services. The assumption of the study is that intention to re-purchase, that is based on characteristics of perceived innovation and affected by service innovation, depends on consumer attitudes. According to the developed model of the study within the aim and the assumption of the study all of 10 specified hypotheses were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and considered at p = 0.01level of significance. Factor analysis was used to determine the factors, that impact on intentions of consumers to re-purchase innovations in mobile marketing services. As a result of factor analysis, nine factors were determined to be effective on the intentions of consumers to re-purchase innovations in mobile marketing services. They are Trying Ability, Perceived Risk, Attitude, Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Trust, Complexity and Observability.


choose to distance oneself from one's own roots in authoring a book that depicts and comments on cultural production as it relates to one's ancestral ties. Perhaps Bondanella creates distance between his own name and the subject of his book precisely because of the stereotypes about Italian Americans. According to Fred L. Gardaphe, studying ethnic literature means starting a process that "necessarily involves a self-politicization. It is a study that requires placing a personal item onto a public agenda" (Italian Signs, American Streets: The Evolution of Italian American Narrative [Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996], 1). If we accept this tenet, we may wonder where the "self-politicization" is in this expansive discussion on the representations of Italian Americans in cinema, one of the most popular forms of visual communication of our time. In conclusion, I remain unsure as to whether Bondanella has created a culturally specific criticism in film studies that is sensitive to Italian and American cultures alike. All the films he writes about are by Italian American directors, with Italian American actors usually playing major roles. However, what does Bondanella make of all this effusive display of ethnicity? Should we practice a "culturally specific" criticism, or do we have to pretend that an acritical, merely chronological, type-based analysis of the movie plots will suffice? The signs of ethnicity that directors like Martin Scorsese or Abel Ferrara give us are far more telling than what we are led to suppose after reading this very comprehensive book. And while critics like Gardaphe and Anthony Julian Tamburri offer us many ways to read all these "signs" in literature and cinema, I believe there is ample space to do more innovative critical work when "screening ethnicity."


This paper focuses on a new generation of companies which use the mobile platform for providing a wide variety of services. Such companies represent a further development in redefining the optimal paradigm for innovation on the mobile platform in that they have partly succeeded in shifting the balance of power away from the carriers and toward the users. Moreover, they have adopted a more global stance. Field research was conducted on Upoc, a New York City based mobile services company which is a subsidiary of Dada, an Italian-based provider of Web and mobile entertainment services. Upoc hosts social networking groups for New York City based users, as well as provides ISP services on the mobile platform. Initial findings indicate that Upoc represents the leading edge of a new kind of hybrid mobile content company which provides a platform for locally generated user content as well as global service provisioning. This paper focuses on the changing roles of a locally-based mobile services provider, its business model and the challenges faced by the company in a global context.


The utility model relates to a novel heat exchanger for two-circuit refrigeration system, which comprises a frame plate, a circulating plate and a keep plate, and is characterized in that: at least four circulating plates are arranged between the frame plate and the keep plate; two ends of the circulating plate are provided with three angle hole sections respectively; the circulating plate is struck out different braze welding sections, the center of each braze welding section is provided with a through hole, and the braze welding section is provided with a clutch gold sealing surface; the top of the frame plate is provided with two refrigerant outlets, and the lower part is provided with two refrigerant inlets; the middle and upper section of the keep plate is provided with a water inlet, the middle and lower section is provided with a water outlet. The utility model not only can realize a real two circuits, but also can prevent accidents from being happened when a circuit is out of service. The utility model has the advantages of economical operation, balanced fluid distribution and good heat transmission.


The incidence of colonization and infection with multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria has been increasing throughout the world (1,2). Although there are limited data regarding this in transplant recipients, these patients typically are among those at higher risk for infections and it is therefore, likely that colonization and infection with resistant Gram-negative organisms are increasing in transplant recipients as well. In transplant recipients, these organisms have been most frequently described in nosocomial settings and in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, with the growing trend toward infections with resistant organisms in community-acquired infections in nontransplant patients, it is anticipated that more resistant bacterial infections may be acquired more frequently outside the hospital environment in the future. Reports in transplant patients include, but are not limited to the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing, AmpC beta-lactamase producing enteric Gram-negative bacteria, and resistant Acinetobacter infections in abdominal organ, renal and lung transplant recipients, as well as resistant Pseudomonas and Burkholderia infections in lung transplant candidates and recipients. The sites of infection have been diverse and have included the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, intra-abdominal, bloodstream and wounds. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is defined as resistance to all antibiotics tested in at least two of the three following classes: fluoroquinolones, b-lactams and aminoglycosides. Pan-resistance (PR) is defined as resistance to all licensed, routinely available antibacterials. ESBL-producing bacteria, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and MDR Acinetobacter: There are no recent surveys to define the incidence of colonization and infection with ESBL-producing Gram-negative organisms; it appears likely that there is significant worldwide variation in their prevalence. Surveillance data from 1998 and 2001, in liver and intestinal transplant recipients, suggest that these organisms may commonly colonize the gastrointestinal tract in these patients with colonization rates of 31% for ESBL-producing Klebsiella in intestinal transplant recipients and 67% for ESBL-producing E. coli in an adult liver transplant unit (3,4). In a 2008 survey of beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative infections in transplant recipients, 43% of E. coli and Klebsiella isolates were beta-lactam resistant (5). Sporadic nosocomial outbreaks have been reported involving patients in intensive care units, as well as in liver and renal transplant units (3,6– 8). Although Linares and colleagues report increased morbidity associated with ESBL-producing and Amp C betalactamase Gram-negative organisms in a population of renal transplant recipients, the majority of studies do not report worse outcomes in patients with ESBL-producing Gram-negative pathogens when compared with those of patients with more susceptible organisms (5). MDR Acinetobacter infections have been reported in lung transplant recipients; the actual incidence of these infections is unknown (9). MDR Acinetobacter infections may be associated with increased mortality in transplant recipients, especially in critically ill surgical patients (10). Carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have been increasingly reported as a cause of nosocomial infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although no specific association with organ transplantation has been noted, risk factors have included antibiotic exposure (especially to fluoroquinolones) and ICU stay, both of which are common in transplant recipients (11).


The research aims to adapt Richins and Dawson's scale of materialism to French context. The validity of the scale was assessed. The results first established the nature of the relationship between materialism and life satisfaction. At last, a cluster analysis is performed in order to obtain different profiles of materialism, which are qualified by socio demographic variables.


From the following concepts: educability, learning opportunities and orientation of the economy, the research shows the possibility of predicting two levels curriculum achieved and remuneration educator.


The knowledge about cigarette smoking in different atmospheric pressure is limited. The rats were divided into three weight matched groups according to pressure conditions; hypobaric, hyperbaric and normobaric (n=20). Half of the each group's animals were treated with cigarette smoke three hours daily for five days in a week. Smoking exposure was regulated according to CO ratio in the chamber. The CO ratio in the camber maintained at 10 %. This procedure took six weeks. VEPs were recorded before and after experimental procedure. Plasma MDA, intra erythrocytic Cu‐Zn SOD activity, blood nicotine and cotinine levels were measured. One way analysis of variance (post hoc Scheffe) was performed for the statistical analyses. The latencies of VEPs were decreased significantly with cigarette smoke exposure in normobaric conditions. Hyperbaric conditions increased MDA levels according to normobaric conditions. Cigarette smoke exposure increased MDA levels significantly in hypobaric conditions. Cigarette smoking could cause oxidative stress in hypobaric conditions.


Sexual harassment (SH) has been defined asa non-consensual and unwelcome sexual behaviour that affects lives of the victims.Approximately 50% of all women in the United States at some time or other experiencesome type of sexual harassment, either in the workplace or in academic environments. SH has been identified as the most frequent form of "sexual victimization" and as a category of violence against women. SH has also been described as a form of social control exerted by men to "keep women in their place." The Fourth World Conference on Women (FWCW) Beijing Declaration (UN documents, 2004) included SH in its category of "physical, sexual, and psychological" violence against women. This study which adopted a purposive descriptive research design involving 100 University of Eldoretstudents whose data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules revealed that about half of the interviewed students had experienced various forms of sexual harassment without their consent. The harassments included rude sexual jokes, showing/passing pornographic materials, indecent gestures, attitudes, behaviours, insults and touches resulting in discrimination against the victims by violating their rights physiologically, sexually and physically. Like many other institutions of Higher Learning, University of Eldoret has no policy guidelines to assist institution managers in handling sexual harassment issues. ABBREVIATIONS andACRONYMS UoE University of Eldoret SH Sexual Harassment EOCEducational Opportunity Centre AAUW American Association of University Women UGC Uasin Gishu County HOD Head of Department SG Secretary-General FWCW Fourth World Conference on Women


plasma gas consisting of a ternary mixture of helium, argon and hydrogen, characterized in that it contains less than 30% helium, at least 55% argon and 5 to 15% of hydrogen.The plasma gas according to the invention is capable of use in a heat treatment process, as the plasma spraying of refractory or metallic material.


&NA; Prior research suggests that the Type A behavior pattern, Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scores, and Total Serum Cholesterol (TSC) are positively associated with physiological changes to behavioral stressors. The objective of the present study was to determine whether TSC interacts with the Type A behavior pattern and hostility to affect cardiovascular and neurohormonal responses to a mental arithmetic task (MATH). For Type A individuals, elevated TSC was associated with larger catecholamine and cortisol responses to MATH. In contrast, for Type B subjects, cholesterol was negatively associated with neurohormonal responses. The interaction between Ho score and TSC predicted a similar pattern of responses whereby, in high hostile men only, TSC was positively associated with MATH‐induced changes in catecholamines and heart rate. While the mechanisms responsible for the differences in the lipid‐reactivity association as a function of coronary‐prone behavior measures remain to be elucidated, this differential association may play a role in the heightened risk of coronary disease among hostile Type A men.


Purpose:Measurement of body fat in obese children is useful not only in evaluating health hazard but also in establishing standards of treatment and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. In the field of clinical and laboratory study, there are various methods with different reliability, propriety, convenience, and expenses. However, the practical value of these studies is limited in Korea, especially in the field of pediatrics, therefore we investigated the correlation of body fat measurement methods to establish the basis for the practical use in children. Methods:The study is based on the records of a total of 32 cases who visited the pediatric obesity clinics at Chung-Ang University Yong San Hospital from April 2003 to September 2003. We measured the height, weight, waist-hip ratio obesity degree and body mass index. Then we analyzed the correlation of these manual measurement data with the results of bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA), Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). Results:The body mass index was correlated with the quantity of body fat(r=0.805, P=0.000), the ratio of body fat(r=0.437, P=0.012), and the ratio of abdominal fat(r=0.458, P=0.008) in DEXA. The obesity degree was correlated only with the ratio of body fat(r=0.358, P=0.044) in DEXA. The body composition measured by BIA and DEXA showed significant correlation with the quantity of body fat(r=0.953, P=0.000) and the ratio of body fat(r=0.578, P=0.001), but the ratios of abdominal fat were not correlated with each other. Conclusion:Body mass index is more accurate compared with obesity degree. In addition, BIA can be utilized competitively in screening of body fat, although it is limited in measuring localized fat distribution when compared with DEXA. (Korean J Pediatr 2004;47:485-490)


Universities' competition for talented applicants is tightening and many universities have to think about methods to increase their attractiveness in the eyes of students. Smooth study processes are important not only for the continuity of the university but also for the student's well-being and employment after studies. Certain university-level measures can enhance this process, although they alone do not guarantee swift graduation. In this study, student tutors (N=82) from the university of Lapland talked about the factors enhancing study processes from their points of view. The data were combined into one narrative that crystallizes the happy and smooth study process called "the ideal study process".


ExEcutIvE Summary Power electronics and its related subjects are well-known difficult to understand especially for students taking them for first time. This is due to nature of the subjects which involve many areas and disciplines. The introduction of general-purpose simulation package has helped the student a step further in understanding this subject. However, because of the generality of these tools and their drag-and-drop and ad-hoc features, the students still face problems in designing a converter circuit. In this section, the problem above is addressed by introducing a design aid tool that guides the student over prescribed steps to design a power electronics circuit. The tool is interfaced with Pspice and its knowledge base encompasses two types of knowledge; topologies' knowledge and switching devices' knowledge. The first step in the design procedure is the selection of an application of the desired circuit. Then few steps are to be followed to come out with the appropriate topology with the optimum switching devices and parameters. System structure, its different modules and the detailed design procedure are explained in the following paragraphs. At the end a design example is demonstrated and its results are displayed and discussed. It is aimed that this tool will enhance the understanding of the subject by introducing an interactive user friendly graphical interface that guides the user to the right topology. The complex design steps are hidden for the sake of saving the design time. However, an explanation module is included for the users who want to know how the results are drawn.


TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. THE ABSENCE OF A GLOBAL UNIFORM SOLUTION A. When Is a License Sufficiently Exclusive to Grant the Licensee the Right to Sue? B. Conflict of Law Rules Create Fragmentation C. The Diversity of Solutions Within the European Union III. TOWARD A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK A. Private Autonomy B. Global Default Rules in the Absence of a Contractual Solution 1. Right of Exclusive Licensees to Sue for Infringement 2. Right to Sue for Infringement After Notification of the Licensor 3. Right of the Licensor to Prevent the Initiation of an Infringement Suit 4. obligation to Keep the Licensor Informed About the Proceedings 5. Financial Consequences of Proceedings Initiated by the Exclusive Licensee IV. CONCLUSION I. INTRODUCTION It is no secret that global intellectual property ("IP") licensing transactions are pervasive in today's interconnected business environment. (1) 1 These transactions represent perhaps the most evanescent form of all international business transactions given that they frequently do not materialize in any tangible manner. (2) This may create the impression that such transactions evolve in a global legal environment that is uniform and totally independent from any geographic constraints and local regulations. This is, however, not the case as local laws significantly affect IP licensing transactions. Local laws greatly affect how licensed IP rights can be enforced against third-party infringers, which is of key interest to the parties, particularly to an exclusive licensee who will legitimately expect to enjoy a monopoly-like ability to use the licensed IP right within the scope of the exclusive use covered by the license agreement. This Article will focus on the right of exclusive licensees to sue third-party infringers (3) and will use this question as a case study to confirm the need for a global framework governing IP licensing transactions. (4) The issue of the exclusive licensee's right to sue can be illustrated by the following scenario:5 a U.S. company, the licensor ("USLOR") enters into a worldwide exclusive trademark license agreement governed by Swiss law with a Japanese company, the exclusive licensee ("JLEE"). (6) JLEE is facing large scale infringing activities, which are committed by various third parties in several countries, and the license agreement does not specify whether, and under what conditions, JLEE has the right to sue for the infringement of the licensed trademarks. (7) The question, therefore, is whether JLEE has the right to sue third parties who infringe on the licensed trademark in different countries. To date, there is surprisingly no single answer to this question. JLEE may have the right to sue infringers in certain countries but not in others as a result of the application of local laws and of potentially conflicting decisions delivered by different local courts (which will have to decide whether an exclusive licensee shall have the right to sue infringers). Even if one would expect local laws and decisions to present a high degree of harmonization given that the issue at stake originates from a single legal document, this is regrettably not the case, as will be shown in Part II. The application of potentially conflicting local rules can lead to an undesired fragmentation, which sharply conflicts with the inherently global nature of international IP licensing transactions as well as with the contracting parties' legitimate expectations. (8) This Article will demonstrate the need to prevent such fragmentation and to create a globally unified framework governing the right of exclusive licensees to sue. First, the parties to an international exclusive IP license agreement should be free to decide whether, and under what conditions, the exclusive licensee has the right to initiate infringement proceedings against third parties based on the general principle of party autonomy. …


Tuning the microscopic parameters (coefficients of friction, coefficients of restitution, cohesive forces, ...) for granular material simulation is a difficult task, in particular when dealing with real powders made of grains having complex characteristics. Moreover, in many simulation techniques, the input parameters are not rigorously linked with physical parameters. Measurements can be performed at the scale of the grains with AFM techniques for example to obtain a microscopic characterization. Even if this bottom-up method makes sense conceptually, it is often practically impossible to use this approach in applications. We propose a top-bottom method based on a macroscopic characterization workflow [1] composed of three measurements: the packing fraction dynamics (GranuPack), the cohesiveness (GranuDrum) and the flow in a silo (GranuFlow). These measurements are performed in well-known geometries (tubes or rotating drum) and can be easily simulated. Therefore, the experimental results can be compared with the simulations to make a validation of the selected parameters. After a description of the measurement workflow, case studies are presented.


Pulsatile tinnitus is a rare otologic symptom that presents a diagnostic and management dilemma for experienced otolaryngologists. Treatment options range from conservative management to surgery, but patients may not be able to tolerate symptoms with the former and the latter procedure may be associated with significant morbidity We describe the case of using a stent-assisted coil approach to treating a patient with jugular bulb diverticulum (JBD) and severe pulsatile tinnitus. We describe a 41-year-old woman who presented with disabling pulsatile tinnitus due to right JBD. Both surgical or endovascular approaches were possible, but we decided to treat the diverticulum with coil emboli-zation and stenting of the jugular bulb. Following the procedure, tinnitus presence and severity were self-reported or assessed using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and tinnitus magnitude index (TMI). The total score of both THI and TMI improved in 6 months after surgery, and there was no complication. Therefore, we report this experience, which was resolved through successful endovas-cular coiling and stent procedure for severe pulsatile tinnitus with no complication.


Various Seq2Seq learning models designed for machine translation were applied for abstractive summarization task recently. Despite these models provide high ROUGE scores, they are limited to generate comprehensive summaries with a high level of abstraction due to its degenerated attention distribution. We introduce Diverse Convolutional Seq2Seq Model(DivCNN Seq2Seq) using Determinantal Point Processes methods(Micro DPPs and Macro DPPs) to produce attention distribution considering both quality and diversity. Without breaking the end to end architecture, DivCNN Seq2Seq achieves a higher level of comprehensiveness compared to vanilla models and strong baselines. All the reproducible codes and datasets are available online.


Metallurgical industry mostly works in high temperature, high pressure, dusty and other harsh environment, where applied research Metallurgy robots started late. In recent years, the application research of metallurgical robots has gradually gained the attention of everyone. The hot dip galvanizing pot slag is usually operated manually, the working environment of the workers is bad, there is with a large safety hazard, and the process of controlling the slag is difficult. The use of slag-removing robot instead of labor is applied to the hot-dip galvanizing line, which is the trend of intelligent and automated development of the coating industry.


Introduction. It is well known that many events during life can be stressful events, specifically events related to health. Abortion is an event that represents a robust risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms. Induced abortions occur for many reasons, including genetic defect, missed abortion, various diseases of the mother, trauma etc. The impact of abortion (as stressful life events) in the etiology of anxiety disorders has been described in the literature. Anxiety disorders are defined as excessive worry or fear and tension about everyday events and problems or for any sudden stressful life events. Anxiety levels are typically classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe and panic level anxiety. Objective. The primary objective of the study was to determine the anxiety scale before an induced abortion. Materials and methods. This is a cohort study. The study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, a tertiary care hospital. 189 women participated in the study waiting for abortions. The women were divided into two groups; 87 women designated for surgical abortion and 102 for drug-induced abortion. Both groups were assessed separately for presence and degree of anxiety. To evaluate these two parameters were used Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25). Only the first 10 HSCL-25 questions were used to assess the presence and anxiety scale. The anxiety scale was measured before the abortion. The primary outcome measures studied were the incidence of abortions, the average maternal age, type of induced abortion, presence of anxiety, and anxiety scale. Results. During the study period in our clinic, 1376 pregnant women were hospitalized, out of which 189 cases for abortion. The incidence rate of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Of these 189 cases for abortion in both groups, 110 women or 58.2% had anxiety. The mean age of patients was 28.76 ± 6.2 years. Out of 110 cases that experienced anxiety during an induced abortion; 78.2% (86 cases) had mild anxiety, 19.1% (21 cases) moderate anxiety, and 2.7% (3 cases) severe anxiety. A comparison was made between the two groups, and it turned out those women with surgical abortions had a relative risk (RR) OF 1.5 times higher to experience anxiety during abortion procedures than not even women with drug-induced abortions. Anxiety was experienced by women in the form of phobias. Women who underwent surgical abortion mostly had phobias such as; phobia by uncontrollable bleeding (31.7%), followed by phobia by surgical abortion procedures (27%), phobia associated with anesthesia (14.3%), while women who underwent drug-induced abortion mostly had phobias by phobia associated with abortion failure, and likelihood for surgical abortion (44.7%), followed by phobia for developing infections (31.9%) etc. Conclusions. The results of this study show that the incidence of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Regardless of the method of abortion, 58% of women experienced anxiety during the abortion procedure. Of these, 78% had low levels of anxiety, 19% moderate and 3% severe anxiety. Findings from our analysis show that women who had abortions with surgical abortions experienced 1.5 times more anxiety than women with drug-induced abortions.


The invention provides a weighing device for achieving functions of a key through sensor stress. Metal strain sensors composed of strain gauges and elastic bodies are symmetrically arranged at the four corners of a balance body respectively. The center point A, the center point B, the center point C and the center point D of the four metal strain sensors form a rectangle with the length M and the width N in the anticlockwise direction. The stress, in the direction perpendicular to the balance surface, of a finger is F and is generated when the finger freely presses a point E on the smooth horizontal balance surface. The stress of the center point A, the stress of the center point B, the stress of the center point C and the stress of the center point D are Fa, Fb, Fc and Fd respectively. The metal strain sensor A serves as the original point, the connecting line between the center point A and the center point B serves as the X axis, the connecting line between the center point A and the center point D serves as the Y axis, when the finger presses the point E on the balance surface, the coordinate (I,J) of the point E on the horizontal surface is determined according to the first formula F=Fa+Fb+Fc+Fc, the second formula I=M(Fb+Fc)/F and the third formula J=N(Fc+Fd)/F, the point E serves as the operating key of the weighing device and has no specific physical structure, and the service life of the point E is greatly prolonged compared with a traditional key.


Probabilistic packet marking(PPM)is a practical and effective method for IP traceback of denial-of-service(DoS)attack.The probabilistic packet marking scheme is improved by using TTL,and the new scheme can decrease the number of packet the path reconstruction needs,and can increase the efficiency of path reconstruction.


Review(s) of: Growing Australian Red Cedar and Other Meliaceae Species in Plantation, by Fyfe and Patricia Bygrave A Report Published by the RIRDC/Land and Water Australia /FWPRDC/MDBC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program RIRDC Publication Number 04/135, 76 Pp., 2005, $36.