Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms predominantly arising in the GI-tract or the lungs of adults. To date, only ten cases of primary CNS NETs have been reported with just three of them describing a neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in patients aged 34–77 years and none occurring in a child. We report on a previously healthy 5-year-old boy, who presented with headaches, nausea and vomiting and was diagnosed with a left cerebellar solid mass with a cystic component, radiologically suggestive of a pilocytic astrocytoma. After gross-total resection, histological analysis revealed an epithelial tumor growing in a nest-like pattern with a very high mitotic frequency, staining positive for CK8, CK18 and CK19. Chromogranin A and synaptophysin expression indicated a neuroendocrine differentiation. Molecular analysis of the tumor tissue revealed a KRAS- splice-site mutation (c451-3C>T). After extensive search for an extracranial primary, including Ga-68 DOTANOC-PET-CT, the diagnosis of a primary CNS NEC was made, and proton irradiation was performed. However, the patient developed an in-field recurrence just five weeks after the end of radiotherapy. The tumor was re-resected en-bloc, showing vital tumor tissue, demonstrating its aggressiveness. Chemotherapy consisting of etoposide, cisplatin and ifosfamide was initiated. After two cycles chemotherapy was continued with etoposide and carboplatin for another four cycles. The patient remains disease free one year after the end of relapse-treatment, supporting the beneficial effect of platinum- and etoposide-based chemotherapy for this tumor entity. Physical exam revealed a sagittal synostosis with a mild dolichocephaly. Interestingly, the KRAS-mutation was discovered to be a maternal germline mutation, previously described as likely benign. However, alterations of the RAS/MAPK pathway have been described in NECs and in craniosynostosis cases. It remains to be elucidated whether the KRAS-mutation is merely a variant of uncertain significance or might have been implicated in the development of this exceptional tumor.


Discula destructiva Redlin, the causal agent of dogwood anthracnose, is responsible for the decline and mortality of the eastern flowering dogwood, Comus florida Link. The pathogen is believed to be disseminated by wind, rain, and man. Until recently, little research had been conducted to identify other means of dissemination (birds, deer, insects, etc.). In an earlier study, convergent lady beetles, Hippodamia convergens GudrinMdneville, acquired and carried viable conidia of D. destructiva on their bodies for as many as 16 days under laboratory conditions. The objectives of this research, however, were expanded into the natural environment to determine: 1) if arthropods collected from diseased trees in forested areas had viable conidia of D. destructiva on their bodies and 2) the effects of light intensity (sunlight and shade) on viability of conidia of D. destructiva over selected periods of time on lady beetles in field cages. In 1994, 7.2% of arthropods (n=375) collected from diseased trees were infested with viable conidia of D. destructiva. When conidia-infested arthropods were evaluated throughout the summer, conidial infestations were greater at each site during June than on other sampling dates. The level of infestation was greatest at Rich Mountain (22.0%) followed by Jakes Creek (11.1%) and Sugarlands (8.6%) during June, when epidemics of dogwood anthracnose are normally increasing. Frequency of conidia-infested arthropods followed changes in the rate of disease severity of dogwood anthracnose, based on disease ratings using the Horsfal-Barratt scale.


The adsorption of heavy metals (Pb and Ni) in raw Wyoming bentonite was investigated by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in the frequency range 10 -2 Hz – 10 6 Hz and at elevated temperatures, up to 1000 o C. In order to reveal various aspects of data interpretation, different formalisms of analysis were investigated, namely, complex electrical conductivity, dielectric modulus and Cole-Cole diagrams of complex impedance. The presence of different states of bound water in pure and contaminated bentonite samples results to nonreproducible recorded spectra at room temperature and it is necessary to measure at higher temperatures in order to clarify their contribution to the overall dielectric response. The observed spectral differences between pure and contaminated samples in modulus formalism are attributed to the contribution of heavy metal ions to the conduction mechanisms, which are thermally activated. A non-Arrhenius behavior of dc-conductivity is observed during heating and subsequent cooling of pure and contaminated samples, suggesting different conduction mechanisms in each case.


Thomas Goossens, " Des fonds nets & claires" : The War Treasury, the Finance Council and the management of the military budget in the Southern Netherlands (1718-1775)

 The War Treasury of the Southern Netherlands has as yet received very little scholarly attention. This institution was created in 1718 as part of a broader reform of the Brussels central government by the Austrian crown, and it was intended to take over the military responsibilities of the Finance Council of the Southern Netherlands. The War Treasury is generally believed to have managed all military income and expenditure in the Southern Netherlands in a highly autocratic manner, thereby strengthening the control of the Austrian government over the Brussels military budget. Recently discovered evidence, however, suggests that the War Treasury's independence was much more limited than previously thought. In fact, the Finance Council continued to control both the income of the War Treasury and the management of its expenditure. Moreover, the interdependence between these two councils was deliberately maintained by both the Brussels and Viennese governments, since the Austrians realized that they were incapable of managing the military budget without the cooperation of the Finance Council. In the end, the exigencies of maintaining the army of the Southern Netherlands at operational strength continued to trump any desires on the part of Vienna to limit the influence of the Brussels civil governments over the management of the region's military budget.


: This study was guided by the experiences of senior citizens, and collected its data through non-participant observations and in-depth interviews. Affinity diagrams were used to consolidate senior citizens' behaviors and thoughts, and indicated that smart pillboxes require 3 dimensions and 6 design criteria to comply with the mental models of senior citizens. Based on this discovery, 3 conceptual designs were subsequently developed: (A) the Smart Drug Identification Pillbox, which focuses on the correct dispensing and safe use of medications and easy operation; (B) the Smart Mirror Pillbox, which focuses on simultaneously managing the medication of all the members in the family; and (C) the Smart Companion Pillbox, which focuses on reducing the medication rejection of senior citizens by implementing a family companion function and enhancing the convenience for senior citizens with movement difficulties by implementing a mobile design. Finally, the design criteria were converted to evaluation criteria for the assessment of the conceptual designs. The results of the experts evaluation were consistent with the satisfaction of senior citizens, and conceptual design A was assessed to be the smart pillbox design most suitable for senior citizens.


This paper presents Loran signal processing results for a series of successively smaller H‐ field square‐loop antennas input to a preliminary design of low‐noise‐optimized, low‐ frequency ASIC.  Antennas as small as 5cm (2‐inches) on a side are able to detect Loran signals both outdoors and indoors, although in some cases significantly attenuated compared to signals from a larger 50cm (20‐inch) antenna.  Future work is aimed at developing a fully optimized LNA/ASIC design for the Loran frequency band at 100 kHz, in order to permit Loran operation with H‐field antennas smaller than 1‐inch (2.5cm). Introduction Loran position, navigation, and time (PNT) are desirable features in next‐generation personal navigation devices (Figure 1).  First, Loran can improve navigation accuracy and Figure 1.  Enabling a Small Loran Antenna for Integrated Navigation Devices. Geo-security Applications Multi-sensor Integrated Navigation Devices Next-Gen Antenna & LNA for Small-form-factor eLoran


A novel 60‐GHz optical millimeter‐wave access system with 5 Gb/s 64QAM‐OFDM downlink signals generated by discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. 5Gb/s 64QAM‐OFDM signals are successfully transmitted over 42 km SMF‐28 and a 0.5 m wireless channel. The proposed self‐mixing down‐conversion is adopted in the system, and which can simplify the transmitter and receiver configuration, since it eliminates the need for high‐frequency microwave source at the central station and local oscillator at the base station. The experimental results demonstrate 64QAM‐OFDM downstream signals has higher spectra‐efficiency and lower receiver sensitivity penalty than 16QAM‐OFDM using DMT modulation and electrical self‐mixing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:259–262, 2014


A common treatment for tinnitus rehabilitation is to use a device called a sound generator to continuously supplying the sound stimuli. The devices usually provides a sound called white noise, or pink noise, which are common in nature. In this paper, we developed a mobile system for tinnitus diagnostics and therapy using Android mobile applications. The first step for tinnitus diagnostics is detecting an exact tinnitus frequency of the patients, therefore we provide a bark scale tinnitus detection algorithm for fast and accurate diagnostics. Also, the system can provide various stimuli sounds including white noise, pink noise, brown noise, nature sounds, and binaural beats. Also we provides the therapeutic functions through questionnaires to solve existing problems of the patients.


Part 1 The conditions of writing: uttering poetry - small-press publication, Nigel Wheale grasping the plural, Ken Edwards you can't get there from hre, Nick Totton writing and not writing, John Hall two poems, Grace Lake the state of poetry today, Tom Raworth. Part 2 What the work is: from - unconscious/unfolding/voice, and the particularity of poetry, Martin Harrison two poems, Martin Harrison the subject of poems, Michael Haslam two poems, John Riley what are you going to call it?, John Riley moving buildings, Anthony Barnett subsequent looping, Allen Fisher the creative moment of the poem, Peter Riley John Clare's mountain, Wendy Mulford. Part 3 Readings and beginnings: three poems, mark Hyatt a curve of reading, Nigel Wheale objects that come alive at night, Geoffrey Ward two poems, Geoffrey Ward dream and restoration, John Welch two poems, John Welch imperfect pitch, John Wilkinson sometimes a word will start it, Kelvin Corcoran. Part 4 Particular studies: the poet as ethnographer, Martin Thomp pages from "La Tempesta", Tom Lowenstein about filibustering in Samsara, and after filibustering in Samsara, Tom Lowenstein an introduction to Veronica Forrest-Thomson's work, Martin Harrison from poetic artifice, Veronica Forrest-Thomson the medium itself, rabbit by proxy - some thoughts about reading J.H. Prynne, Ian Patterson. Part 5 Ways of working: a theory of poetry, John James a period of gestation, Ralph Hawkins working processes of a woman poet, Carlyle Reedy poet on writing, Roy Fisher three lilies, Douglas Oliver.


Syntax-Guided Synthesis (SyGuS) is a general solving framework for program synthesis. Previous researchers have proposed a divide-and-conquer strategy to divide the grammar search space in order to search separately. This framework converts the program synthesis problem into a decision tree classification problem. It unifies the obtained partial results into a complete program by learning decision trees according to conditional expression statements. However, due to the unknowns and uncertainties of sample label categories and sample attribute features in program synthesis, as well as the limitation of traditional decision tree learning methods to immediate gains, it results in long solving times and the large size of the candidate program. To address the above problems, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based synthesis strategy for syntax-guided programs: a) the decision tree learning process is modeled as a Markov chain decision process, addressing the learning of knowledge patterns under conceptual drift and the weighting of the importance of sample attribute features; b) a graph neural network is used to extract the feature information of the sample attributes as action embedding feature values; (c) a reward function is proposed to evaluate the classification accuracy of the sample attributes as a feedback mechanism. We have implemented our approach in a tool called RLSolver. According to the experiments, the solving times ofRLSolver are comparable to EUSolver on small-scale task datasets. RLSolver substantially reduces the solving times on large-scale task datasets, solving two more SyGus tasks than EUSolver in the same solving time limit. In addition, RLSolver reduces the number of decision tree learning rounds by 60% and the size of decision tree size by 40% after using the multi-round model training strategy and early-stop strategy.


Universitas Indonesia Jakarta and Leyden State University Netherl ands cooperated in setting up a health center with a family planning unit in the rural area of Serpong which had never had either a health center or family planning activity. This report analyzes who responds to family planning motivational activities and the relative importance of health center personnel in the innovation-decision process. Clinic patients were generally wealthier and better educated than the general population. The average villager not only lives farther from the clinic but also prefers traditional medical care. Family planning acceptors were also drawn from the higher socioeconomic strata. Acceptors show high fertility (5.3 average number of children born) combined with low child mortality (4.3 average number of children still alive). 49.3% were 25-34 years of age; 31.8% were under 24. Clinic cli ents generally also showed high fertility combined with low child mortality. Adoption of family planning was motivated by health care and the problems associated with caring for a large family. Both acceptors and nonacceptors feel 4-5 children is an ideal family. Acceptance rate (7-8% of fertile population) remained the same for both the active family planning promotion phase of the clinics activities and the passive phase. It is concluded that combining family planning and maternal and child health activities overburdened the staff and yielded little additional results.


Guides for class projects, tools for research, and services offered by the libraries How to's and other resources for faculty


A method of constructing a structure comprises erecting a framework 20 and cladding the framework with structural material 24 to form a structure (10, fig 1). The framework is then removed. The framework preferably includes panels 18 and window and door sections 22. The structural material may take the form of sacks of crushed rubble 26 layered in courses. A render may be applied to the structural material. The framework may include arched or domed roof formers. In other aspects, a fixing for spacing a skin away from a structure is provided. An alternative fixing for mounting an object to a structure is also provided. The structure formed takes advantage of rubble generated by disaster situations and results in a more permanent solution than conventional shelters.


Nestedness is a pattern frequently reported for faunal assemblages in fragmented systems. Although nestedness has been documented for a wide range of taxa, it is rarely tested in snake assemblages. To arrive at robust generalizations about proce- sses and mechanisms structuring island biotas, it is important to examine under-represented taxa such as snakes for the insights they may offer. We tested for the existence of nestedness and underlying causal mechanisms using snake data collected on islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We used the line-transect method to survey snake occupancy and abundance on 20 islands during two breeding seasons in 2009 and 2010. We used the recently developed metric WNODF to estimate nestedness. We used Spearman rank correlations to examine the associations of nestedness and habitat variables (area, isolation, and habitat diversity) as well as life-history traits (body size, clutch size, geographical range size and area requirement) related to species extinction and immigration tendencies. Snake assemblages were significantly nested and were shaped by extinction processes mediated through area effects and habitat nestedness. The nestedness of snake assemblages was not due to passive sampling or selective coloniza- tion. From a conservation viewpoint, our results indicate that we should protect both the largest island with the most species-rich community and habitat-rich islands to maximize the number of species preserved (Current Zoology 58 (6): 828-836, 2012). Keywords Habitat fragmentation, Habitat nestedness, Nestedness, Selective extinction, Snake, Thousand Island Lake


The utility model relates to a solar cell panel capable of insulating sound, preserving heat and providing hot water, which comprises a bottom hollow glass substrate, an upper hollow glass substrate and a transparent thin film solar cell panel, wherein the transparent thin film solar cell panel is arranged on the surface of the upper hollow glass substrate; and cold water is filled in the upper hollow glass substrate. Through the hollow design of the two glass substrates, good heat preservation effect can be achieved; and the solar cell panel can be used for generating power and heating the cold water in the upper hollow glass substrate so as to provide hot water for daily life.


Higher education tuition must take account of the quality of cultivation and the economic endurance of ordinary family. This requires a reasonable standard of higher education tuition to ensure the healthy and continual development of higher education. This paper focuses on four factors such as the social benefit from higher education, the cultivation quality of universities, the economic endurance of ordinary family, and the future income of students, using Analytic Hierarchy Process method to calculate the relative weights of factors to discover the importance of each factor in continual development of the higher education, farther set up a reasonable standard of higher education tuition.


Abstract Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and also common in Thailand. Prognosis of HCC is very poor. Staging and clinical prognostic factors is a complex issue compared to other cancer entities. Survival depends on baseline demographic, laboratory, staging and treatment modalities. The aim of this study was retrospectively identified prognostic factors and treatment modalities that affecting overall survival outcomes. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed. Demographic, laboratory and radiologic finding, treatment modalities were collected. Survival outcome was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The impact of clinical factors and therapy on survival was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results A total of 99 patients with HCC were included. Median overall survival was 8.9 months. Based on BCLC staging, patients commonly presented at intermediated or late stage, compatible with 2/3 of HCC patients received TACE when compared with other therapies including best supportive care (BSC) was significantly improved survival (p = 0.02). Patients who had no therapy have a shorter overall survival (3.7 months). Cox-Regression univariate analysis showed younger age (equal or less than 50), abdominal pain, MELD score (more than 10), larger size of tumor (more than 5 cm.), portal vein involvement, resectability, high level of biochemistry and marker such as ALP, ALT, AFP and direct bilirubin (DB) and higher BCLC staging (B-D) were identified as clinical predictors of patient survival. Statistical analysis by multivariate showed BCLC staging, younger age, DB more than 1 mg/dL and high ALP were significantly shortening survival. Conclusion This study identified that BCLC staging can predict survival in patients with HCC whose therapeutic outcomes show better survival with RFA/PEI and TACE. Despite various therapies, all of the specific treatments had a survival benefit compared to BSC alone.


A multi-disciplinary collection of important and innovative new research that enhances our understanding of the experience, conditions, conceptualisation, and impact of human movement in Western Europe and the Middle East between Late Antiquity and the thirteenth century.
Focusing on routes and journeys throughout medieval Europe and the Middle East in the period between Late Antiquity and the thirteenth century, this multi-disciplinary book draws on travel narratives, chronicles, maps, charters, geographies, and material remains in order to shed new light on the experience of travelling in the Middle Ages.
The contributions gathered here explore the experiences of travellers moving between Latin Europe and the Holy Land, between southern Italy and Sicily, and across Germany and England, from a range of disciplinary perspectives. In doing so, they offer unique insights into the experience, conditions, conceptualization, and impact of human movement in medieval Europe. Many essays place a strong emphasis on the methodological problems associated with the study of travel and its traces, and the collection is enhanced by the juxtaposition of scholarly work taking different approaches to this challenge. The papers included here engage in cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary dialogue and are supported by a discursive, contextualizing introduction by the editors.


Eng., Dept. of Computer Engineering, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq -----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract An Ultrasonography (USG) is a method by which internal body organs can be detected by ultrasonic energy. Rushes of Ultrasound energy are transmitted from a transducer through the skin and into the internal body organs.


Comparative research has been one of the basic tendencies characteristic for sociology and other social sciences in the last decades. The comparison of the values of the population from all continents is particularly important in the era of globalization; certainly the greatest contribution and the greatest endeavor so far in that respect has been The World Study of Values by R. Inglehardt and his collaborators. In the last quarter of the century they realized four research "waves', the most recent one at the beginning of this millennium in as many as eighty countries whose population makes 85% of the world population. This magnificent study presented a specific "cultural mapping of the world", and this mapping also confirmed the surprisingly great similarity between the population of the former communist countries on the basis of the comparison with twenty-four variables processed in the factorial-analytical manner. Out of the total of 24 countries in this group including China, in the value area of the coordinate system they were all located near one another, in the quadrant which links two most general values (of the second-level factors) - "the values of poverty" and "the values of the secular-rational authority". The exceptions were Slovenia and Poland the former being inclined toward the developed world and the pole denoting "the values of prosperity" (they are also called "the values of self-expression"), and the latter because of the pronounced religiousness of its population, directed toward the pole denoting "the values of traditional authority". Analyzing also some other data (the Study contains 300 value variables), we confirmed the authors' conclusion about the similarities of values of the citizens from the former communist countries, and the proof for that can be found in some other researches, too. Unfortunately, for the time being the complexity of this determinist knot directs the explanations of the similarities between the values of these countries to the hypothetical domains. Still, it seems that the most plausible explanation is the civilization one which would combine diverse factors: historical economic, social-structural, political and culturological (ethnic religious, linguistic).


This paper retraces steps taken in previous papers through words and reflections shared so far towards describing application of psycho-logos model praxis to a specific case. On the one hand, the paper presents again theoretical-epistemological reflection that grounds Clinical Psychology on a precise and rigorous definition of operative model that refers to logos as research object. On the other hand, it retraces Clinical Psychologist definition as a professional who, as from logos and making use of logos itself as an operative tool, can generate discursive configurations that are different from the ones expressing clients' original request. Referring metaphorically to Particle Physics - as a discipline that analyses interactive processes among particles, that is to say matter, like the operative models does with interactions among words – the paper enters into the merits of describing operative praxis application to a specific case. This careful scrutiny allows to penetrate praxis of the proposed model and to provide explanation about the manner in which model application allows Psychologists (first) to master epistemological reflection and (then) have at their disposal tools to operate in the field of interactions – in a scientifically grounded manner.


In recent years, the segmentation of anatomical or pathological structures using deep learning has experienced a widespread interest in medical image analysis. Remarkably successful performance has been reported in many imaging modalities and for a variety of clinical contexts to support clinicians in computer-assisted diagnosis, therapy, or surgical planning purposes. However, despite the increasing amount of medical image segmentation challenges, there remains little consensus on which methodology performs best. Therefore, we examine in this article the numerous developments and breakthroughs brought since the rise of U-Net-inspired architectures. Especially, we focus on the technical challenges and emerging trends that the community is now focusing on, including conditional generative adversarial and cascaded networks, medical Transformers, contrastive learning, knowledge distillation, active learning, prior knowledge embedding, cross-modality learning, multistructure analysis, federated learning, or semi-supervised and self-supervised paradigms. We also suggest possible avenues to be further investigated in future research efforts.


Experiments on doe fawn white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) in Upper Michigan revealed that artificially long days (16L:8D) in autumn did not induce a greater fertility rate compared to short-day (natural daylight) controls. Eleven (61.1%) of 18 long-day doe fawns became pregnant and carried fawns to term, vs. 8 (72.7%) of 11 short-day controls. However, onset of puberty (i.e., estrus) tended to be delayed among long-day specimens compared to the controls. Data support the concept of a doe fawn's critical fat/lean biomass ratio regulating the temporal onset of puberty. In northern climes, nutritional constraints rather than rapidly diminishing photoperiod probably serve to curtail folliculogenesis, resulting in a low fertility rate among doe fawn deer.


Abstract As new heritage categories have emerged, the process of identifying heritage value has become more complex, necessitating new tools to enable professionals to identify all attributes and values that determine the uniqueness of an asset before embarking upon its management and conservation. Burle Marx's Copacabana promenade in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is representative of a modernist landscape design, and therefore, a cultural heritage asset. This article proposes a mixed methodology for identifying the heritage attributes and values of this modernist landscape through document analysis, site observations and surveys. This information is essential for the long-term conservation of the Copacabana promenade. Historical, aesthetic, technological and environmental values are represented in attributes that include the design itself, the calceteira technique and the selected tree species. The values and attributes of these assets inform the conservation strategies that are designed to end their abandonment and deterioration.


This paper describes a broad range of design issues that influence the performance of optical equipment for in-line inspection of random (logic) and repetitive (memory) patterns. In particular, we describe the angular distribution of signals from defects on a patterned wafer illuminated by a focused optical beam. We analyze the configuration of both illumination and collection optics to maximize the signal to background ratio for the detection of submicron defects on pattern. In addition, we analyze the distribution of the scattered light as a function of pattern periodicity and orientation with respect to the illuminating beam. The advantages of polarization selection and spatial filtering techniques are explored to enhance the detection sensitivity on repetitive and random pattern wafers. From these results we have developed a new patterned wafer inspection system that offers increased sensitivity and improved defect capture.


Kidney disease of various etiologies affects 6-7% of the total population of the globe. Glomerulonephritis and nephropathy of various etiologies make up a significant part of these kidney lesions. Infectious and non-infectious glomerulonephritis and nephropathy are distinguished, the latter are associated with the influence of environmental factors, including toxic substances, heavy metals and even medications.
Magnesium is considered one of the components of the body's stress-limiting system, since all its effects are aimed at reducing the manifestations of stress and normalizing adaptation processes.
A comparative assessment of changes in the kidneys during the simulation of toxic nephropathy and the influence of magnesium-containing agents on the course of the pathology of the experimental model was carried out.


Evaluations are presented of alternative LANDSAT follow-on launch configurations to derive the propulsion requirements for the multimission modular spacecraft (MMS). Two basic types were analyzed including use of conventional launch vehicles and shuttle-supported missions. It was concluded that two sizes of modular hydrazine propulsion modules would provide the most cost-effective combination for future missions of this spacecraft. Conceptual designs of the selected propulsion modules were performed to the depth permitting determination of mass properties and estimated costs.


This essay begins by looking closely at the underlying structural causes of the discontinuity that appeared in the behavior of the U.S. stock market at 2:40pm in the afternoon of 6 th May 2010, because the emblematic "catastrophic" aspect of the collapse of equity prices, and their subsequent equally abrupt rebound, renders these events potentially informative about things that can happen in a wider array of dynamical systems or processes – including those with consequences about which there is cause for serious concern. What transpired in those 7 minutes is viewed as being best understood as a hitherto unrecognized "emergent property" of structural conditions in the U.S. national stock market that all the actors in the story collectively had allowed to come into existence largely unremarked upon, through an historical process that was viewed generally as benign and therefore left to follow its own course of evolution unimpeded. The deeper significance of the events of May 6 th lies in the attention it directs to the difference between a society being able to create and deploy technical "codes" enabling greatly enhanced connectivity for "exchange networks" - the condition of "hyper-connectivity" among an increasing number of its decentralized sub-systems, and a society that also provides timely mutually compatible institutional regulations and administrative rules for the coherent governance of computermediated transactions among "community-like" organizations of human agents. Regulating mechanisms operating to damp volatility and stabilize systems in which there is beneficial positive feedback are considered, as are a variety of circumstances in which their absence results in dysfunctional dynamic behavior. It is suggested that in view of the growing dependence of contemporary society upon on-line human-machine organizations for the performance of vital social and economic functions, continuing to focus resources and creative imagination upon accomplishing the former, while neglecting the latter form of "progress" is a recipe for embarking upon dangerous trajectories that will be characterized by rising systemic hazards of catastrophic events of the non-transient kind.


The Art and Design in a Multicultural Society (AIMS) project is based in the Leicester Polytechnic Centre for Postgraduate Studies in Education and is part of a long - standing concern in the Centre for cu l tural diversity in art and design. In 1982 a Local Education Authority Research Assistantship was al l ocated to the Centre to undertake a particular research project into t h e development of art and design curricula for schools which recognised both the multicu l tural nature of art and design and the multicu l tura l nature of the schools' populations. Chris Toye was appointed as a Research Assistant to carry out the project and registered for a research degree with Brian A ll i~on and Martyn Descombe as Director of Studies and Research Supervisor respectively. The research project reported here continued through from January 1983 to December 1985.


Based on the actual background of our enterproses taking part in the international competition,investigates the strategic decision of entering and retreating the international market is investigated.It manipulates the rules and methods of the static game and dynamic game to discuss if the enterproses should enter the market which hasn't been entered and how to enter.It also discusses how to keep the occupied market,expand the market shares,repel the competitors and finally gain maximum market profit.


In the Declaration of Independence of 1776 it states "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness" are men's unalienable Rights. This ever-lasting and meaningful political manifesto is to make America a shining city on the hill. Tocqueville helps us to find out "the pursuit of happiness" had been commercialized in the Jacksonian democracy during his tour in this democratic country. This article is to explore the meaning and conditions of "the pursuit of happiness" and the reason why it became commercialized in the early nineteenth century.


The objective of this study was to determine the effect of CO2 treatment on proteolysis, lipolysis
and quality characteristics of refrigerated raw milk. Four treatments of raw milk were selected
(controlled milk (milk without any special treatment) and milks treated with CO2 until pH = 6.4, 6.2,
6). All experiments were triplicate. Samples were stored at 4°C for 10 days and were analyzed on 1, 5,
8, 10 day for chemical evaluations. Statistical evaluation of the effects of treatments was performed
using of split plot experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD). Statistical analysis,
indicated that no significant proteolysis and lipolysis were observed during 10 days of storage using
addition of CO2 to pH = 6, 6.2 and an increase in CO2 concentration did further reduce proteolysis and
lipolysis. The sensory panel did not detect significant difference between CO2 treated milks and fresh
milk. The research revealed that the best treatment was using of CO2 to pH = 6, although in the most
cases there was no significant difference between pH 6.2 and 6.


In this paper, the concept of cross-entropy is introduced for measuring the difference between two scatterers in polarimetric SAR image classification. The difference between two scatterers is composed of three parts, i.e., the difference of average scattering mechanism, the difference of scattering randomness and the difference of the two spans of scattering matrices. The minimum cross-entropy principle is adopted to make the classification decision. The capability of this method is demonstrated by the experimental results.


Unfortunately, for a number of rea sons like the constant struggle for recognition as a legitimate organisational function too little at tention was paid in the past to the effective man agement of human resources in South Africa. The awareness of inadequacies in HR manage ment only came about as we started to compare our success with that of organisations in other coun tries where human resources were considered criti cal to success. In this regard, for example, we can only look at the World Competitiveness Yearbook to really see how weak our position is regarding the manage ment of our people. It is not enough to stay on top of the latest devel opments within this rapidly changing discipline. Managers in organisations must also realise that people are human resources to be managed effec tively just like capital, machinery and other organi sational resources. In addition, organisations and managers must also be aware that the proper management of hu man resources can be a major source of productiv ity improvement and"growth. Something which South Africa as a country desperately needs. According to Ulrich, Brockbank and Yeung, HR practices are central to improving an organisation's capability and thus its competitive advantage enabling it to compete more successfully for mar kets and profits. A vital HR practice in companies is that of com pensation management. According to Casio, an or ganisational compensation system includes both fi nancial and non-financial rewards. Financial rewards include direct payments as well as indirect payments. Non-financial rewards include everything in a work environment that en hances a worker's sense of self-respect and self-es teem. Carrell et al also support this view and refer to compensation as a system consisting of extrinsic rewards such as salary and benefits as well as in trinsic rewards such as achieving personal goals, autonomy and more challenging job opportunities. Thus, compensation broadly includes all forms of payment (financial and non-financial] in exchange for employee contributions. An important component in compensation man agement is that of employee benefits. These ben efits constitute as much as 40% of the total payroll costs and is rising constantly. A question that needs to be addressed by management therefore is whether employee benefits are managed as efficiently and effectively as possible. In a recent investigation in a large institution, it became evident that the management of employee benefits in this organisation was a neglected man agement activity and that this situation was not unique to such organisations, but prevalent through out companies in South Africa. In this article a number of these issues will be addressed: ❖ the reasons for the growth in employee benefits, ❖ the value of employee benefits and ❖ key issues in the management of employee ben efits.


Chinese painting is a traditional one with a long history and fine tradition. It embodies the wisdom, character, psychology and temperament of the Chinese nation, and has a unique system in the world painting garden with its distinctive features and style. The Chinese painting has different genres, characters, theories and works in thousands of years development, but in general, Chinese painting is divided into two important directions: realistic writing and freehand writing. From the perspective of history, the early Chinese painting was dominated by realistic writing, and flourished in the Sui, Tang and early northern Song dynasties. From the later period of the northern song dynasty to the end of the southern song dynasty, Chinese paintings began to appear in the first place, mainly in the form of freehand brushwork. The Chinese paintings in the Yuan dynasty were mainly composed of freehand brushwork, and so do as the Ming and Qing dynasties. Thus the Chinese paintings are now also called "freehand paintings". Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study Chinese painting art from realistic writing to freehand writing. It can further clarify the general direction of the development of Chinese painting, enrich and supply the theoretical connotation of the specific reason of Chinese painting art from the realistic writing to writing, thus providing further, multi-angle theoretical support and supplement for carrying forward the traditional culture and


In addition to loss of support, wrongful death actions in many states require the estimation of lost net accumulation to the estate or loss of inheritance as a separate element of damages. Conceptually, net estate accumulations are simply a loss of the difference between the value of the estate in the future, had the tort not occurred, compared to the value of the estate at the actual time of death. This approach allows for recovery claims by individuals who were not directly supported by the deceased, including adult children. As a result, these types of actions are sometimes referred to as "survivorship cases" as opposed to "wrongful death cases." It has been the authors' experience that in these types of cases, numerous conceptual errors are made in terms of what is meant by net estate accumulation and, most important to the forensic economist, how it is measured. The purpose of this paper is to help clarify the issues surrounding the concept of net estate accumulation and to provide insights regarding the correct calculation of these losses. The paper is organized as follows. Section II focuses on the legal parameters imposed by the courts and the specific guidelines concerning how the economist distinguishes between lost net accumulation to the estate and loss of support. A review of the economics literature is provided in Sections III and IV. In the forensic economics literature, there are few articles written regarding the measurement of lost net accumulation to the estate. On the other hand, there is a significant literature outside of forensic economics that investigates the question of whether Americans adequately save for retirement and the extent to which money is available at the time of death for estate purposes. If, in fact, most Americans do not save enough for retirement, then it is reasonable to conclude that there will be very little passed on through the estate except perhaps for the very wealthy. Section V addresses some common mistakes made by economists when calculating lost net accumulation to the estate. Based upon discussion in this section and review of the literature, an extended example is presented in Section VI. Using simplified assumptions, we indicate the circumstances under which lost net accumulation to the estate estimates are worthwhile. The example can be manipulated to demonstrate how changes in various parameters such as age


A new distinguishing attack on HMAC and NMAC based on a dedicated compression function framework H, proposed in ChinaCrypt2008, is first presented in this paper, which distinguish the HMAC/NMACH from HMAC/NMAC with a random function. The attack needs 2 chosen messages and 2 queries, with a success rate of 0.873. Furthermore, according to distinguishing attack on SPMAC-H, a key recovery attack on the SPMAC-H is present, which recover all 256-bit key with 2 chosen messages, 2 queries, and (t+1)×8 times decrypting algorithms.


In an acidic aqueous solution of acetonitrile, the catalytic activity of the catalysts consisted of Pd(OAc)(2)/hydroquinone(HQ) with iron phthalocyanine (FePc) from various sources was obviously different in the oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone, The analysis of the FePc using IR spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and BET surface area measurement indicated that the catalytic activity of the multicomponent catalytic system composed of iron phthalocyanines depends on the amount of mu -oxo FePc, the crystallinity and the surface structure of iron phthalocyanine.


Unbounded dependencies in Modern Standard Arabic often involve not a gap but a null resumptive pronoun. The facts are quite complex, but it is not too difficult to extend the SLASH mechanism of HPSG to handle dependencies with a null resumptive pronoun. It is also not too difficult to restrict the distribution of gaps appropriately.


of a paper submitted for presentation at the NASA/GSFC Flight Dynamics Division 1994 Flight Mechanics/Estimation Theory Symposium Ahmed Salamal Michael Nemesure2, Joe Guinn3~ Dave Bolvin4, and Robert Leavitt5 TOPEX/POSEIDON was launched on Aug 10, 1992 to study ocean circulation and its interaction with the atmosphere, to improve our knowledge of climate change and heat transport in the ocean, and to study the marine gravity field. These objectives are accomplis}lcd by accurately mapping the ocean surface with a precision on-board altimeter. Two indcpcndcnt Orbit Determination (OD) processes arc associated with the mission, A Precision Orbit Determination (POD) process which is used to support analysis of the altimeter data, and an Operational Orbit Determination (OOD) process which is used to support the daily satellite operations. The 00D is the responsibility of the GSFC Flight Dynamics Division (FDD). It utilizes TDRSS tracking data and produces, among other things, the satellite and TDRSS state vectors in the Extended Precision Vector (EPV) format. This EPV solution set is transferee to JPL via NASCOM to be used by the Navigation Team (NAVT) as initial conditions for propagating the Operational Orbit Ephemeris (OOE), The TOPEX/POSEIDON project imposed several accuracy rcquircmcnts on the 00E arising from a variety of error sources (Ref 1.). The driving rcquircmcnt is associated with implementation of Orbit Maintenance Maneuvers (OMM) in such to maintain equator crossings of the satellite ground track within a 2 KM control band, To meet this control requirement, the 00E must have a maximum total 3 sigma error in equator crossing location of less than 750 meters in 30 days, The project further defines the JPL-GSFC intcrfacc by allocating all of the definitive OD error component to the FDF and the NAVT must then meet the overall requirements given the allocated FDF error contribution. The paper first addresses the requirements on the OOE with some emphasis on the prediction trajectory software modeling errors component (40 meters) in equator crossing error. For the dcscribcd interface to be cffcctivc it is essential that JPL and GSFC tra jec tory sof tware systcm be equivalent (i.e. equivalence between JPL DPTRAJ and GSFC GTDS for TOPEX/POSEIDON specific models). Each systcm must model selected perturbation forces and the varying drag and solar radiation pressure mean areas equivalently. However the two systems usc different integration techniques and some modeling differences exist such as solar radiation pressure. Extensive effort was made during the development phase to ensure the compatibility of DPTRAJ and GTDS, This task started in 1987 by 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 2 Computer Scicnccs Corporation. 3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4 Computer Sciences Corporation. 5 Sterling Software, lnco


To obtain highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), effective controls on perovskite crystallinity, homogeneity, and surface morphology are crucial. Herein, we demonstrate the flexible and facile use of TBP to improve the crystallinity of perovskite in two-step or one-step routes. For the two-step route, addition of TBP into DMF when dissolving PbI2 for spin-coating resulted in a porous layer composed of randomly packed PbI2 nanocrystals. This approach subsequently offered a widely enlarged contact area facilitating interfacial reaction with CH3NH3I and greatly improved CH3NH3PbI3 crystallization. Based on this strategy, PCEs of CH3NH3PbI3-based PSCs were improved from 6.71% to 10.62% (i.e., 58% enhancement). For the one-step route, TBP as an additive resulted in orientational and better crystallinity, by which the PCEs of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx-based planar PSCs increased from 11.11% to 15.01%, showing a remarkable enhancement as high as 35%. Using TBP as one multifunctional additive, it is thought that our strategy in this work offers a new idea for the fabrication of highly efficient PSCs.


In this article, we take the postcolonial state as a complex metaphysical and social landscape characterised by the interplay of forces generated from the cultural ripples of the encounter of the postcolonial world with Western modernity. This is done by employing the Diesel N'anga story from Zimbabwe to locate the place of the occult in the whole postcolonial social and political unfolding in Africa. We argue that embedded within African multiple modernities is a unique worldview – a cognitive, perceptual, and affective map – that Western science, despite all its effort, has not managed to supplant. At the heart of this worldview is the belief in the existence and effectiveness of occult forces. Further, we appropriate Hegelian thought to argue that the proliferation of occult beliefs and practices is a reminder that history and philosophy should neither be predictive nor prescriptive but should aim to understand society in its specificities.


In this work we study the zeros of the Eulerian and Bell polynomials and their generalizations. More concretely, lower estimates for the leftmost zeros of these polynomials will be given, complementing earlier results where upper estimations were presented.


The article describes the traffic integration and analyzes the relationship between the traffic integration and the economic integration,the traffic modernization.Then the token,measure and evaluation of traffic integration are briefly dissertated,and finally the paper proposes the problems that must be solved to achieve the traffic integration.


Abstract Based on our previous work, a safer and more sustainable protocol for the synthesis of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)anilines has been developed. The synthesis included the selective alkylation reaction of aniline with 2-chloroethanol in H2O, eliminating the need for any catalysts and solvents during synthesis. Comparing with our previous work, the salient features of this methodology are eco-friendliness, economic benefit, and the ease of obtaining target compounds. The selective alkylation reaction in H2O is amenable to scale-up for the synthesis of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)anilines. Graphical Abstract A green and efficient alternative way for the industrial synthesis of N-hydroxyethyl anilines was developed, eliminating the need for toxic and expensive catalysts and volatile organic solvents. The selectivity of N-hydroxyethyl anilines obtained in H2O are significantly increased in comparison to those traditional methods.


The main aim of the Generalized Homotopy Theory is to embody the different pointed homotopy theories associated to a homotopy structure. A notion similar to the one of point in the ordinary homotopy theory of topological spaces has been used in other homotopy theories. So in the proper homotopy theory of topological spaces, different homotopy groups occur depending on the object used as point: a sequence of points in Brown homotopy groups [3], a base ray in Steenrod homotopy groups [4]. Moreover Baues and Quintero [2] use, in proper homotopy theory, spaces under a tree as pointed spaces in ordinary topology. In this sense the Generalized Homotopy Theory can be developed without using cofibrant objects and zero morphisms. Generalized homotopy groups are defined as homotopy groups relative to cofibrations based on arbitrary morphisms. In this way the different pointed homotopy groups are particular cases of them. The authors of this paper Diaz and Rodŕiguez-Machin introduce in "Homotopy theory induced by cones" [6] a homotopy structure denominated Category with a Natural Cone or C-category, based on a cone functor, obtaining pointed homotopy groups and exact homotopy sequences of them. Now generalized homotopy theory is developed in these categories. Generalized homotopy groups are obtained and exact sequences of them are built. Moreover, properties of a C-category let one to obtain Kan complexes associated to a category with a natural cone, in a way similar to the one used ∗Supported in part by the Direccion General de Universidades e Investigacion de Canarias and by the Direccion General de Ensenanza Superior de Espana.


Aims to map the Hungarian business information market emerging in the wake of the deep structural changes in the country's economy. Uses the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among business information providers in 1992‐93 in outlining the actors of the market and their behavioural patterns. States that the demand side of the market consists mainly of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and big, private companies with foreign interests. Notes that large, state‐owned enterprises rarely use business information, and the supply side is represented by government institutions, by chambers, associations and foundations, and by private enterprises providing business information. Observes that many SMEs do not consider business information important and others are unaware of providers and sources. Explains that the type of business information services most in demand is consulting on legal, tax and accounting matters, followed by market and company information. Notes an increasing number of Hungarian business databases, some of them up to standard, and some needing improvement in quality and coverage. Argues that because of their resources and information skills, libraries should play an important role in the Hungarian business information market, not only as service providers, but as intermediaries as well, directing customers to the appropriate suppliers.


Abstract Total X-ray and neutron scattering experiments aim to measure both diffuse scattering and, in the case of crystalline samples, Bragg scattering on an absolute scale. The total scattering data can be transformed to the Pair Distribution Function (PDF) which shows short-range correlations between the atoms. Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modelling is a technique to make three-dimensional model of the atomic arrangements from total scattering data or PDFs. These models are not constrained by space group symmetry, and can give structural insight that is not available from the time- and space averaged models obtained from Bragg scattering alone. RMC modelling has been used to investigate the short-range structure correlations of the disordered crystalline metal deuterides α-VD0.8}, β-VD{0.5} and ZrCr2D4. It was found that the local structures are similar to those found in corresponding ordered low-temperature phases at length scales up to 3–4 Å and that abnormally short D–D separations do not occur despite very short separation between possible D sites. For amorphous metal hydrides, RMC modelling shows that the local atomic configurations can differ substantially from those found in the corresponding crystalline phases.


This technique is based upon a glutaraldehyde condensation reaction with biogenic amines, followed by chromium tagging of the resultant reaction product. The chemistry of the histochemical reaction and its application to biological tissue have been developed in the laboratory ofJ.G. Wood (Wood, 1963; Wood and Barnett, 1963, 1964; Wood, 1966; Wood and Duncan, 1968; Wood et al., 1971; Wood and Matthews, 1973; Wood, 1974, 1975a,b), and was recently applied in a prelimmary examination of serotonergic penikarya in nuclei raphe obscurus and dorsalis in the rabbit brain stem (Felten et al., 1980). The tissue is either perfused with, or immersed in, glutaraldehyde, which forms a complex with the unsubstituted biogenic amine (BA). This glutaraldehyde-BA (G-BA) cornplex is an isoquinoline derivative for dopamine and norepinephrine and a f3-carboline for serotonin that reacts with a chromium salt to form a G-BA-Cr reaction product. Glutaraldehyde interacts with one molecule of an unsubstituted biogenic amine to form an intermediate Schiff monobase (Tramezzani et al., 1964; Wood, 1966), which in turn forms a precipitate. This precipitate then complexes with chrome and can be localized in ultrastructural compartments with X-ray analytical electron microscopy (EM). Since osmium and other compounds used in routine electron microscopy can also form dense precipitates, they should be avoided whenever possible. Careful analysis of the tissue with X-ray dispersive techniques can be used to verify the presence of chromium, and hence the presence of chromium-tagged serotonin or catecholamine. An electron beam of 80 kV can be directed on a spot ranging from 20 nm to 200 nm or more. The high energy electrons knock chromium electrons out of specific atomic shells, resulting in a reconfiguration of the shell by substitution ofan electron from another energy level. The change in energy from this process is released in the form of an X-ray of characteristic energy for any given atom (the K-alpha peak is the main peak whose presence is considered indicative of chro-


In this paper, I seek to examine how the implementation of a public policy of health care – the Family Health Strategy (FHS) – takes place at a municipal level. The article will be based on the notes of my fieldwork in a municipality located in the region of Encosta da Serra, northeastern Rio Grande do Sul. The analysis will start from the description of everyday and trajectories of two actors involved in the public health system, with the proposal to, at the same time we accompany them, we follow also the implementation process of the FHS in this municipality. My guess, finally, is that the singular perspective that ethnography brings about a broad public policy, such as the FHS, contributes to the understanding of its various conformations, resulting from the plurality of agents involved, as well as to follow this policy into action.


This report presents an assessment of what the ``obligation to serve`` might look like in a competitive electric industry. Broadly, this research has three objectives: to define the ``duty to serve`` of a competitive electric industry; to identify those companies to whom that duty applies; and to explain how that duty protects residual classes.


This article is an output of a major research project examining the notion of imminence in the law on international protection. It is the fi rst piece of scholarship to identify an emerging trend, namely the introduction of imminence — whether invoked implicitly or explicitly — as a potential barrier to refugee status or complementary protection. The article analyses the jurisprudence of relevant international bodies and courts and critiques the validity of this notion as a tool for assessing States ' protection obligations.


Accurate and timely population information is essential for public planning and commercial applications. Traditional population estimates, however, are only available at aggregated geographic levels (e.g., state, county, etc.). To address this problem, a new bottom-up method was proposed for population estimation at the census block level by integrating high-resolution remotely sensed imagery and geographic information system (GIS) data and a demographic housing unit (HU) model. Two major components of the HU model, HU numbers and persons per household (PPH), were estimated by employing detailed information extracted from high-resolution remotely sensed imagery and GIS data. Further, population counts for each census block were generated through applying the HU model. Analysis of results suggests that the proposed integrated method performs reasonably well, as indicated by relatively small estimation errors. For a better assessment, the estimation accuracies of HU numbers, PPH, and population counts were compared with other widely applied techniques, and results indicated that this method significantly improved the accuracy. Finally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the sources of errors for population estimates. Results indicate that, when compared to PPH estimates, the error associated with HU number estimates is a major source of small-area population estimation errors.


In this paper, the finite element analysis method is used to investigate the thermal-mechanical behaviors of a power controller SiP module under power load. The effects of die attach (DA) material and epoxy molding compound (EMC) on the maximum temperature and maximum stress in the die are investigated. The packaging materials and geometry parameters of the module are optimized according to the simulation results. The results illustrate that the maximum temperature of die decreases with increase in EMC thickness or DA material thickness. The maximum stress is located at the corner of die, and the thickness of DA material and the CTE of EMC have different influence on the thermal-mechanical stress induced in the die. After optimizing, the maximum temperature could decrease about 3.437 K, and the maximum equivalent stress and shear stress could decrease by 25.7% and 33.4%, respectively.


There are two types of finance development,demand-following and supply-leading.During the economic developing procedure of westem industrialized countries,these two kinds of financial development were going an intersection way,that is one dominated in some periods of time and the other dominated in the rest of time.On the contrary,financial development in devloping countries has thus undergone strategic transition from financial repression to financial leading.On the basis of analyzing problems stated above,the combined with reality of social and economic development nowadays in China,this paper further discusses necessities and great purport of implementing financial leading strategy.


Stable d.c. electroluminescence is observed in a cell with M-I-S structures in the form of thin films (Ta–Ta2O5–ZnS: TbF3–Au). To be able to observe d.c. electroluminescence in the cell, the Ta2O5 insulating layer must be about 1000 Å–5000 Å thick and treated by heating in air at 250°C for about 10 minutes. Through such heat treatment, the d.c. conductance of the Ta2O5 layer increases remarkably (about 103 times). The increase is due to the transition from an anomalous Poole-Frenkel effect to a normal one in the conduction process. This heat-treated Ta2O5 layer plays an important role in the creation of hot electrons required to excite the electroluminescent cell.


For achieving the goal of comprehensive constructing well-being society,we must strengthen the construction of "Four Major Civilizations".Because the material civilization is the material base of comprehensive constructing well-being society,the political civilization is the profitable target of comprehensive constructing well-being society,the spiritual civilization is the energetic power of comprehensive constructing well-being society,the ecological civilization is the road of development of comprehensive constructing well-being society.So we should advance the comprehensive Well-being society in "Four Major Civilizations".


While observing that employment in the public sector is a noble calling, the paper notes that the public sector offers a special challenge to the traffic professional. This challenge stems from the fact that three elements are essential to a successful traffic engineering program: political approval, media support, and public acceptance. The paper briefly discusses each of these areas. To fulfil these tasks successfully, there is great need for professionalism in traffic engineering. Engineering solutions to traffic problems are discussed, and barriers to effective engineering programs are noted. A call is made to get back to basics: qualified professional engineers, properly collected and analyzed data, implementation of the best solution to the problem or condition based on well-founded princples of traffic engineering, and leadership in educating the public in the need and fitness of the proposed program.


Physical therapy is characterised as a health process with prolonged interactions between the professional and the user, involving close physical contact, the user's active participation, and frequent visits. Evaluating user satisfaction is a priority for managing health services quality, being a good index for assessing clinical effectiveness. Therefore, establishing the profile of user satisfaction with the service is important for organisational management in health units.
This work aims to analyse the current satisfaction level of users of an outpatient physical therapy service, trace the satisfied user profile according to their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, identify a set of best practices and aspects for improvement, and propose measures to improve satisfaction. Thus, a quantitative, observational, analytical-correlational, and cross-sectional study was carried out.
The application of the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey and a sociodemographic and clinic questionnaire allowed the creation of a microeconomic database and the application of the econometric methodology of linear regression. It was possible to identify variables that increase satisfaction, such as location, professional situation, travel time, pathology, and salary range, and variables that decrease satisfaction as the place of residence, academic qualifications, health system, referral, professional status, and age. Based on the evidence, measures to improve the physiotherapy service are proposed.


The question as to whether the receptor and control systems are activated by a vibratory stimulation depends upon the frequency spectrum, intensity, time of exposure, subject's posture, direction of exposure and body resonances. The purpose of this study is to investigate different exposure directions and exposure frequencies. This has been achieved through analyses of the stabilographic effects during and after exposure to vibration


Spanning the period in Russian history from Lenin to Gorbachev, this book looks at the problems incurred in succession struggles.


Estimations of bacterioplankton production and biomass were carried out in enclosure experiments during two consecutive years (1989 and 1990) in oligotrophic clearwater Lake Njupfatet. The lake was ...


Drug development is always one of the main missions in Medicinal Chemistry. In the past several decades, nanoscience and nanotechnology have made great progress in facilitating drug development. Especially, nanoparticle-drug conjugates, which integrate both the advantages of nanoparticles and drugs, have shown great potential in treating a series of diseases including cancers. In this thematic issue, we focus on the current advances in computational and experimental approaches in nanoparticle-drug conjugates.


Sustainable design process can be achieved by bringing together different disciplines and developing a common product. However, the main decisions to be taken for the product; information and analysis to be determined during the design phase; factors affecting the format; the detailed solutions of the details and design decisions should be made by the designer. For this reason, the designer must synthesize sustainable design and production information for the concept of sustainable design. This is among the learning outcomes that should be gained in design education. For this reason, within the scope of the study, Furniture Design Course which is one of the 3rd semester courses of Karadeniz Technical University, the effects of sustainable urban furniture models and education produced in the fall semester of 2018-2019 were examined. Keywords : Design education, sustainability, reinforcement design, landscape architecture DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/5-2-21


Obiective To help bilateral transfemoral amputee using prosthetic limb early.Methods Three bilateral transfemoral amputees were treated with physical therapy,stump moulding,kinesiotherapy,and prosthetic rehabilitation and installed with prosthetic limbs.Results The stump ulcer healed.The stump shape were cylinder.The muscle strength of stump reached the 5th grade.The range of motion of hip was normal.Three bilateral transfemoral amputees were installed with prosthetic limbs and trained with prosthetic management.Conclusion After systematic rehabilitation,prosthetic installation and training the individuals with bilateral transfemoral amputation can successfully ambulate and independently live.

Key words:
Amputee; Prosthesis;  Earthquake


In this report, we use both quantitative and qualitative data to examine the factors and processes that influence poverty among a nationally representative sample of Canadian women, a community-based sample of married mothers and a convenience sample of 60 mothers of various marital and employment statuses. The purpose of this study is to identify ways in which income security policies affect mothers differently and to outline life-course trajectories that are most likely to lead to poverty among women. Our results indicate that mothers' choices about work and family shape, and are shaped by, broader gender arrangements that prioritize motherhood and marriage over economic independence. We conclude that until social policies address systemic gender inequality, neither marriage nor employment (alone or in combination) will be enough to reduce significantly women's economic insecurity.


This short article reflects on the implications of the political challenge of combatting climate change. For this, greater political solidarity will be needed. But what if our current model of social media platforms is generally toxic for solidarity? This article explores that possibility and its implications for the domain and practice of social media.


Thank you for reading brain injury and recovery theoretical and controversial issues. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this brain injury and recovery theoretical and controversial issues, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


Object: To compare the suppressive activity test of the central nervous system and synthesis from the new compound N-benzoylphenilurea and its derivatives. Methods: The Schotten Baumann method was used for the reaction between N-phenylurea and benzoyl chloride derivatives. The Central Nervous System (CNS) supressive activity test was done for the N-benzoylphenylura compound and its derivatives by Barbituric Sleeping Time (BST) method. Result and discussion: The yield of the N-benzoilphenylurea was 86% , had a white crystal , the 4-tersierbuthylbenzoyl-phenyl-urea was a white crystal and yield was 60%, the 2,4-dichlorobenzoylphenylurea yield was 81%, and the p-toluolbenzoylphenilurea was 65%. All of them gave one spot in Thin Layer Chromatography with two different eluent. The all compound melting point was different from the N-phenylurea and showed greater. The structure identification from the all new compounds were analysed by UV, IR, 1-HNMR and MS, the result showed that the new compound were N-benzoylphenylurea and its derivatives. The CNS supressive activity test from N-benzoylphenylurea and its derivatives had a greater activity if compare with the standard compound bromisoval. Conclusion: The N-benzoylphenylurea and its derivatives, which were synthesized, had a higher suppressive activity on the central nervous system. The highest compound on suppressive activity in central nervous system is p-toluolbenzoylphenylurea.


Exclusion can be considered as a management tool fo r restoring rangelands vegetation. In addition, ran geland managers observing the status of plants inside excl usion and comparing it with outside the exclusion cthe condition of rangeland outside the exclusion one. T his study investigated the effects of exclusion on vegetation and the amount of production in 2011. For this, two reg ions in Iran (around Yasooj city called Tange Sorkh and MalaShore) were selected. From each of inside and outsi de the exclusion areas, two representative regions were determined for sampling. In each representative reg ion, four 100 meters transects and along each trans ect plot 10 m square were used and sampling was done using random ‐ systematic method. Canopy cover was measured with plotting and production with clipping and weighting methods. The number of collected species in the ex clusion is respectively, 2.4 and 2 times of grazed range at Ta nge-Sorkh and Mala- Shore sites. The independent t-test was used to examine and analyze the data. Results showed tha t increasing rangeland production due to exclusion at TangeSorkh site (about 80%) and Mala- Shore site (about 45%), respectively, in levels (p<%1) and (p<%5) are statistically significant. However, the increase of vegetation due to exclusion at Tange-Sorkh and Mal a-Shore rangelands (23 and 5% respectively) statistically s hows no significant, that particularly in the site of Mala-Shore can be caused by the invasion of perennial invasive and unpalatable species in grazed range.


This paper empirically investigates the determinants of child labor in rural India using household survey data. While a growing number of empirical studies have shown that child labor in developing countries is associated with a variety of factors, such as household poverty, low parental educational attainment, and the absence of schools, this study pays particular attention to parents' attitudes toward children in the household as a crucial determinant of child labor. In order to examine the role of parental attitudes, we estimate a probit model, controlling for individual, household, and community characteristics, and find that children are more likely to work if their parents show less concern for them. We also show that children are more likely to work if their father has greater bargaining power in the household than their mother. Moreover, the results indicate that the incidence of child labor is positively associated with household poverty. These findings suggest that in order to reduce or eliminate child labor, the government should implement policies to address the various factors causing child labor, such as parents' lack of concern for their children, imbalances in the power structure within households, and household poverty.


This reaction article commends the authors of the Major Contribution articles for their courage and creativity in responding to a tension in the field of multicultural training. In an effort to extend the conversation on how the field should respond when cultural values collide in the training of psychologists, this reaction highlights some of the most provocative points raised in the Major Contribution and, in particular, expands on what are arguably the most contentious aspects of reconciling cultural conflicts in the training process: those conflicts involving religious beliefs.


Sorbent polymers can be designed to target molecular interactions with a variety of hazardous chemicals including explosives, chemical agents, narcotics, and toxic industrial chemicals. Applications of functionalized sorbent polymers include preconcentrator devices, SPME fibers, membrane introduction systems, chromatographic stationary phases and coatings for chemical sensors. One common feature of a wide range of hazardous chemicals is their hydrogen bond (h-b) basicity. In this work, we report on the synthesis and characterization of a h-b acidic hyperbranched carbosilane fluoroalcohol based sorbent polymer (poly(methyldi(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxypent-4-enyl)silane; HCSFA2), which is suitable for sorbing these hazardous h-b basic analytes. Multiple batches of HCSFA2 were characterized with routine composition, spectroscopic, thermal analysis, and inverse gas chromatography (iGC) to evaluate polymer physicochemical properties. In comparison with previously developed h-b acidic polymers (e.g., FPOL and SXFA), HCSFA2 exhibits a sorption improvement of 10–15 fold for h-b basic analytes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3000–3009, 2010


In this work, novel conductive composite nanofiber mesh possessing reactive groups was electrospun from solutions containing poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylic acid) (PANCAA) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for redoxase immobilization, assuming that the incorporated MWCNTs could behave as electrons transferor during enzyme catalysis. The covalent immobilization of catalase from bovine liver on the neat PANCAA nanofiber mesh or the composite one was processed in the presence of EDC/NHS. Results indicated that both the amount and activity retention of bound catalase on the composite nanofiber mesh were higher than those on the neat PANCAA nanofiber mesh, and the activity increased up to 42%. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, for the catalases immobilized on the composite nanofiber mesh were lower and higher than those on the neat one, respectively. This enhanced activity might be ascribed to either promoted electron transfer through charge‐transfer complexes and the π system of carbon nanotubes or rendered biocompatibility by modified MWCNTs. Furthermore, the immobilized catalases revealed much more stability after MWCNTs were incorporated into the polymer nanofiber mesh. However, there was no significant difference in optimum pH value and temperature, thermal stability and operational stability between these two immobilized preparations, while the two ones appeared more advantageous than the free in these properties. The effect of MWCNTs incorporation on another redox enzyme, peroxidase, was also studied and it was found that the activity increased by 68% in comparison of composite one with neat preparation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 708–720. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


DT system is an important means of satellite remote sensing investigation and surveying and mapping data acquisition and distribution. It mainly includes satellite DT system, ground receiving system, relay satellite system, relay ground receiving station and ground data processing center. In the field of DT, the DT capacity between satellite and ground mainly depends on the transmission rate and transmission time. The transmission rate mainly depends on the satellite ground link. With the increase of transmission rate, the traditional X-band system can no longer meet the requirements of code rate and bandwidth. Although the use of high-order modulation can reduce the requirements of channel bandwidth, the increase of modulation and demodulation loss does not significantly improve the quality of the whole data link. In this paper, the key technologies of satellite DT high-speed modulator are studied and analyzed, the application design scheme of satellite DT and the transmission mode design of high-speed modulator system are discussed, the algorithm of satellite channel characteristics is proposed, and the simulation experiment and test analysis of satellite DT high-speed modulator are carried out. The test results show that the symbol error rate will increase with the increase of modulation order; The minimum error symbol of the test is 0.0048 and the maximum is 0.1. Considering that the bit error rate and hardware implementation complexity will increase with the increase of modulation order, the effectiveness of the key technology of satellite DT high-speed modulator proposed in this paper is also confirmed.


,7 The main objective of the presentf work is to provide experimental [' information about velocity fields and turbulence structures in unsteady flows. >A NACA 0012 airfoil oscillates around an axis at 25 % chord distance from • the leading edge, with a sinusoidal motion. Instantaneous distributions of -. velocity as well as all non-zero Reynolds stresses are determined in the profile boundary layers. Measurements are performed at various incidences, from non-stalled to deep stalled flow conditions. The reduced frequency is 0.3 at a chord Reynolds number of 300,000. A slanted rotating hot wire is used and the angular calibration characteristics of the wire are applied in order to detect and measure reversed flows. Instantaneous detailed flow and turbulence patterns of the periodic separation vortex are presented and discussed. These patterns are obtained from traverses at 8 chordwise positions along the suction s'de of the blade. S i . , ]>.I, ' / . ,


An impedimetric method of detection of gadolinium(III) free species has been developed using gold electrodes functionalized by terpyridine ligands. Two chemical attachment processes, on an acidic thiol and on an aminothiol, were designed and the sensitized surfaces were then characterized by chemical analyses, physicochemical and electrochemical methods. The detection of Gd3+ was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. A linear calibration curve was obtained from the variation of the polarization resistance versus pGd3+ in the range 10−8 M to 10−3 M. The impedimetric sensor presented a shelf life of more than six months. Moreover, Gd3+ detection in spiked diluted real urine samples was satisfactorily performed.


I will review two concepts in this project. These two concept are: the price of anarchy and the price of malice. The price of anarchy is the ratio between, the worst Nash equilibrium possible in a game, and the optimal solution achieved when all agents collaborate. So it is comparing the Nash equilibrium which gives the worst social welfare to the solution that gives the best social welfare. The price of malice is the ratio between, the social welfare achieved when there are malicious agents in the system, and the social welfare when all the agents act selfishly. I will explain these two concepts in relation to a virus inoculation game, with respect to two different conditions. The first condition is the oblivious model where the selfish agents are unaware of the existence of the Byzantine or malicious agents, and the second condition is where they are aware of their existence. I will show the results that have been achieved with respect to these concepts and then I will do a critique of the work done and discuss my opinions.


Through research on social ecological system and school education ecological system,the present article tries to build a new scientific theory of ecological sports which aims to gain the harmonious development of human beings,sports and nature,which lays a good foundation for the socialization,signification and networking ecological sports.Thus,it will facilitate the ecological development in cities,the building up of citizens' health and sustainable development of cities.


A software information systemS allows users to store, retrieve and process information about the external world, typically a data base. We can differentiate two separate aspects in the data elaborated by S: the first concernsdata types , while the second is related to the information on the external "real world"carried by the data. More precisely, a data type is a set of data together with the associated manipulations where the focus is on operations. In contrast, the other information carried by the data stored in S is strongly related to their meaning in the real world . The need for properly treating data according to their meaning is becoming increasingly important, due to the wide quantity of information that is exchanged on the Internet [10]. In this context, we are developing COOML [9] (Constructive Object Oriented Modeling Language), an OO specification language where the focus is on the information carried by data. The main features of COOML are: a data model based on a predicative extension of the constructive intermediate logic E∗ [8], based on the BHK interpretation of the logical connectives [11]; a multi-layered structure, namely with one for the COOML logic layer, others for the problem logic and the computations; the possibility of choosing different problem logics and implementation languages. The data model is based on the notion of "pieces of information" i : S, wherei is a structured information ("information value") giving constructive evidence for the truth of a specification S. Pieces of information support both interoperability in heterogeneous systems and multiple views on data in heterogeneous knowledge domains. We believe that COOML may have a role as an OO specification framework, and we are developing different prototypical tools. In this abstract, we focus on automatic snapshots generation. In modeling languages, a snapshots represents a system state. In particular, in the context of the UML, snapshots are object diagrams and snapshots generation in the presence of OCL constraints has proved to be useful both for understanding a specification and verifying its consistency in the problem domain [4]. In our approach, our snapshots generation algorithm is driven by the constructive content derived from the the computation of information values.


Reciprocal Recommender Systems are recommender systems for social platforms that connect people to people. They are commonly used in online dating, social networks and recruitment services. The main difference between these and conventional user-item recommenders that might be found on, for example, a shopping service, is that they must consider the interests of both parties. In this study, we present a novel method of making reciprocal recommendations based on image data. Given a user's history of positive and negative preference expressions on other users images, we train a siamese network to identify images that fit a user's personal preferences. We provide an algorithm to interpret those individual preference indicators into a single reciprocal preference relation. Our evaluation was performed on a large real-world dataset provided by a popular online dating service. Based on this, our service significantly improves on previous state-of-the-art content-based solutions, and also out-performs collaborative filtering solutions in cold-start situations. The success of this model provides empirical evidence for the high importance of images in online dating.


Merging several Excel documents, from different sources with different forms, into a single XML document that has to satisfy externally specified reporting requirements is a somewhat daunting prospect. You might imagine that a tool like Python (and Pandas) would be the appropriate place to start. But we were able to develop a solution using the XML stack in less time than was forecast for the Python-based solution. We use a single XProc 3.0 pipeline to merge the Excel files and produce both the required XML format and Excel files for internal use. We believe our success depended largely on the fact that the project design enabled precise, filtered, early feedback which reduced the number of iterations required to create the critical deliverable. In addition to ingesting and providing final data in the user's preferred format (Excel) we were able to provide intermediate files, change tracking, and process documents in Excel.


Malformin A is a cyclic pentapeptide with an intramolecular disulfide bridge. The conformation in solution of this molecule has been studied by NMR and CD. The 270 MHz Proton spectrum in dimethyl sulfoxide is well resolved and the peaks corresponding to the five residues have been assigned.


John Milton's 1644 declaration that 'Books are not absolutely dead things' makes him a rock star among undergraduate English majors who are covetous of the material, reassuringly physical book. Thi...


This contribution presents the application of feed-forward neural networks to the problem of time series forecasting. This forecast technique is applied to the water flow and wind speed time series. The results obtained from the forecasting of these two renewable resources can be used to determine the power generation capacity of micro or mini-hydraulic plants, and wind parks, respectively. The forecast values obtained with the neural network are compared against the original time series data in order to show the precision of this forecast technique.


Philosophers of social science have usually examined social theories logically or empirically to discover their formal coherence or testable propositions. Yet these modes of investigation overlook an important aspect of the social theorist's archetypal situation: like the two-faced Roman god Janus he confronts not only a puzzling social world but also a puzzled audience. This double confrontation constrains his social theory in two ways: on the one side it must explain this social world following the rules of logic or the scientific method, on the other side it must take into account the concerns of its audience. Most philosophers of social science have focused on the first constraint: the relation between the social theory and the social world. But for a more complete understanding of how social theories are formed, we need a mode of investigating them that focuses on the second constraint: the relation between the social theory and its audience. It is this latter relation, even more than the former, that determines the social theory's ultimate reputation. Although no single discipline has investigated social theories in precisely this way, both 'phenomenology' (which studies experience) and 'rhetoric' (which studies its control) come closest to the mode of investigation I envisage.' To this new perspective, phenomenology can contribute the idea that individuals organize the objects of their world not logically or empirically but 'phenomenologically', not according to the


In one of its first judgments of 2010 the European Court of Human Rights has clarified how court and crime reporting can rely on the right to freedom of expression guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Convicting a journalist or a publisher for breach of the secrecy of a criminal investigation or because of defamation of a politician can only be justified when it is necessary in a democratic society and under very strict conditions.


As part of an exhibition of Gothenburg's Network for Architecture & Design Pedagogues in the 2018 Goteborgs Stadstriennal, these two posters of the project Ett skepp kommer lastat. . . (2015) were presented. The project was a collaboration with the Frolunda Cultural Center and Gothenburg's Cultural Affairs Administration, and involved participatory workshops with children and youth and a resulting exhibition.


Pacific island arcs typically have a sediment-filled trough or terrace between the trench and island ridge which is separated from the trench by a mid-slope basement high (Karig, 1970). Such a terrace is extremely well developed south of the central Aleutian Arc and has been referred to as the Aleutian Terrace (Nichols and Perry, 1966). Reflection records over the Atka Basin (Figure 1) portion of the Aleutian Terrace show an asymmetric trough with over 2 km of acoustically visible sediments in the north central part of the terrace. A sonobuoy refraction profile near the center of Atka Basin suggests a thick sediment pile (5-8 km) over an oceanic-like crust (6.4 km/sec; Grow, 1972). The structure of the mid-slope basement high which separates such sediment troughs and their adjacent trenches is poorly understood; and Sites 186 and 187 were specifically drilled on the southern edge of the Aleutian Terrace in order to sample the material which forms this basement high.


In order to create a running and jumping quadruped robot composed of all articular joints, we have developed a mono-leg robot which simulates the landing and lift-off motions of kangaroos. From the photograph data of the gait motion of a kangaroo, time responses of four fundamental variables are approximated by solutions of second or first order differential-equations. Then we proposed a control strategy of the robot which realizes these differential equations as controlled constraints. Experimental results show that a running mono-leg robot is produced which has a smooth jumping gaits.


An electronic percentage timer was developed for center pivot irrigation systems. The timer provides greater timing accuracy than electro-mechanical timers presently used to vary the water and chemical application amounts to a given field.


: This paper focuses on the formulation of state–space representations of radiation forces for marine structures using Hankel Singular Value Decomposition (HSVD), a method used to obtain a state–space realization from a Hankel matrix, with the classical definition of the kernel function and its new definition given in this paper. The first part shows the influence of a term commonly neglected and the resulting improvement by taking this term into account. The second part will focus on the feedthrough matrix to understand why some models have none and why some others, such as HSVD, have one. An exact definition of the kernel function will be given underlying its discontinuity and its causality. This study also shows the interest of extrapolating hydrodynamic coefficients before approaching radiation forces by a state–space model.


Low-lying multiphonon states in 136 Ba have been populated with the inelastic neutron scattering reaction. Excitation functions were performed at neutron energies from 2.2 to 3.9 MeV, and γ-ray angular distributions were measured at 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 MeV. Lifetimes have been determined using the Doppler-shift attenuation method, and electromagnetic transition rates have been deduced. The previously assigned 2 + 1,ms mixed-symmetry state at 2128.9 keV has been confirmed and is not greatly fragmented. For the first time in the N = 80 isotones, a 3 + 2,ms two-phonon mixed-symmetry state is proposed. In addition, the 2 + 5 and the 4 + 3 levels at 2222.7 and 2356.4 keV, respectively, decay with large B(Ml) values to the two-phonon 2 + 2 and 4 + 1 states, respectively, which suggests two-phonon mixed-symmetric character. Their excitation energies, however, are not consistent with this interpretation.


In this short commentary piece, we want to stand back from many of the specific details in the seven papers which constitute the special issue, and offer some observations which attempt to identify and assess points of similarity and difference amongst them, under a number of different general headings. To the extent that the 'sociolinguistics of cinematic discourse' is an emergent suband inter-disciplinary specialism, it is not yet altogether clear what its overall ambitions might be, or how it might fit into the broader landscape of sociolinguistic study on the one hand, or film/television studies on the other. By organising the commentary along thematic lines, we hope at least to have indicated some of the contours of the current landscape, as represented in these particular contributions. For reasons of space limitations we have had to be selective in the themes that we have foregrounded. It is vexatious for research in this area that the default verb for referring to the consumption of audiovisual drama in either medium is watch 'Did you watch that movie?', and one of the commonest nouns for referring to its consumers is as 'viewers'. In the world of mass communication, the verb listen tends to be reserved for practices of radio and music consumption. 'Watching' movies and TV shows mostly also includes listening/hearing, yet the verb does not semantically acknowledge the aural dimensions of the experience, let alone the specifically linguistic aural dimensions which are of interest to the contributors in this special issue (Petrucci's account of subtitled versus dubbed translations here reminding us that for some consumers the linguistic part of the textual experience is visual rather than aural). If 'watching' is too narrow, then more general terms like 'consuming' or 'receiving' are too broad. We also consume goods and services generally, not to mention food, whilst 'receiving' and 'reception' are as often used for technological processes as for human ones. Thus, different items in this lexical reper-


The oscillator algebra of Pegg-Barnett (P-B) oscillator with a finite-dimensional number-state space is considered. It is found that such a finite-dimensional oscillator possesses an su(n) Lie alge ...


An artificial-hollow-fiber structure as a new material for MEMS was developed and applied to a novel type of fabric tactile sensor. The artificial hollow fiber was fabricated by uniformly deposited metal and insulation layers on the surface of an elastic tube. A special rotating mechanism for uniformly depositing a metal layer on the tube surface during sputtering was developed. A rectangular-shaped fabric tactile sensor was produced by combining artificial hollow fibers and typical cotton yarns, like a cloth. The sensor can detect a contact force by measuring changes in capacitance at all intersection points of the artificial hollow fibers. Two different types of wearable-tactile-sensor glove, a patched type and a direct knit type, were also fabricated, and it was confirmed that both types can detect a normal load by measuring the capacitance change.