Commercial and centralized drilling-fluid disposal (CCDD) sites receive a portion of spent drilling fluids for disposal from oil and gas exploration and production (EP five percent were land treatment facilities. A typical disposal-pit facility has fewer than 3 disposal pits or cells, which have a median size of approximately 2 acres each. Data from well-documented sites may be used to predict some conditions at abandoned sites; older abandoned sites might have outlier concentrations for some metal and organic constituents. Groundwater at a significant number of sites had an average chloride concentration that exceeded nonactionable secondary drinking water standard of 250 mg/L, or a total dissolved solids content of >10,000 mg/L, the limiting definition for underground sources of drinking water source, or both. Background data were lacking, however, so we did not determine whether these concentrations in groundwater reflected site operations. Site remediation has not been found necessary to date for most abandoned CCDD sites; site assessments and remedial feasibility studies are ongoing in each State. Remediation alternatives addressed physical hazards and potential for groundwater transport of dissolved salt and petroleum hydrocarbons that might be leached from wastes. Remediation options included excavation of wastes and contaminated adjacent soils followed by removal to permitted disposal facilities or land farming if sufficient on-site area were available.


A mathematical function for representing the generalised normalised diode equation is presented. This function, being simple, accurate and, more importantly, continuous, provides solutions for the generalised normalised diode equation which are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations


Asbestos bodies have also been reported in various retroperitoneal organs, including the kidney and adrenal glands,3 and two previous case studies have reported a link between asbestos exposure and retroperitoneal fibrosis.4,5 Uiba et al.6 found that patients with significant asbestos exposure (410 fibre-years) were at nine-fold excess risk with a mean latency period from first exposure of 30–33 years.6 Our patient had worked as a carpenter and ceramic tiler all his life, and the likely cause of his disease was occupational exposure to asbestos. Isolated retroperitoneal fibrosis within the true pelvis is very rare, and involvement of single organs presents special diagnostic challenges. Symptoms can range from dyspareunia, when the cervix is affected,2 to a change in bowel habit with rectal involvement.1 The features can resemble those of malignant disease both clinically and radiologically. We have not found a previous case in which retroperitoneal fibrosis gave the appearance of prostate cancer. Once a malignancy is excluded, the aim of treatment is to restore normal renal function by relief of obstructive uropathy. Primary treatment with steroid therapy and ureteric stenting has been shown to be effective in most patients.7 Failure of medical therapy necessitates open ureterolysis.


We investigated the photoelectrochemical characteristics and photo-stability of Cu2O layered on a copper plate using a hydrophobic ionic liquid. Our findings revealed that Cu2O is stable under white light irradiation, provided water is removed from the electrolyte. Methyl viologen derivative, a well-established electron acceptor, was introduced to the ionic liquid electrolyte, allowing the photo-induced electron transfer reaction at the Cu2O/electrolyte interface to be characterized. The methyl viologen derivative exhibited two distinct redox reactions at −0.56 V and −0.98 V vs. Ag/AgCl, clearly indicating that no dimer formation or co-proportionation reaction occurred. The excessive photocurrents being continuously generated resulted from a viable photo-induced electron transfer reaction from the Cu2O to the acceptor. However, in contrast, the reduction of the Cu2O by water in the aqueous solution causes this electron transfer to be inhibited. We further demonstrate that these findings are vital to understanding the role of the Cu2O and its photoelectrochemical applications.


Nano-based dielectric fluids (NDF) seem to be a good alternative for improving dielectric and thermal characteristics of conventional liquid dielectric systems used in power transformers. Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles (NP) is one of the most investigated type of NP. Some experiments have shown that with its addition to mineral oil (MO) and ester, increases in breakdown voltage (BV) can be achieved applying both AC and DC voltages. This kind of NP have the advantage that can be handled and synthesized safely and easily using a two-steps method. Besides, streamer propagation can be reduced or avoided introducing Fe3O4 NP in dielectric fluids. These NP act as electronic traps and behave like slow-moving charged particles in the NDF. This behaviour as well as other dielectric characteristics such as resistivity, permittivity and loss tangent, depend on the type, size and concentration of NP. In this work, comparisons and analyses of thermal and dielectric performance of NDF with different Fe3O4 NP concentration are made taking into account the evolution and behaviour of streamers. It has been found that temperature in streamer tip, its length and speed depend on the Fe3O4 NP concentration and the BV is affected because of changes in streamer speed. The most adequate concentration for controlling the streamer has been obtained through simulations and comparisons with experimental results showing good agreement.


A GC method for the determination of pyridaben mass fraction was developed.Pyridaben was confirmed by the retention time and determined by an external standard method.The rsults showed that the correlation coefficient of Pyridaben was 0.99913,the variation coefficient was 0.21%,and the average recovery rates was 98.38%.The method is simple,rapid,accurate and suitable for the analysis of pyridaben mass fraction.


The history and development course on the aluminium rolling industry in China is systematic reviewed.The achievements about Chinese aluminium rolling industry have been introduced in detail,such as the production capability,output,installation and technology,product quality,domestic consumption and foreign exportation.And its future development tendency is viewed.Through over the half century development,aluminium rolling industry in China has made the universally acknowledged brilliant achievement.Especially since 2002,aluminium rolling industry developed persistently and rapidly.China has already been a big country of aluminium rolling and will stride towards to the powerful country in the world.


The diagnostic method is as follows: the lateral photo-EMF spectral characteristics are measured, generated in the structure (or device) when illuminated by wavelength light with a near the edge of the basic semiconductor layer. For illustrations of efficiency method the given part of the measurement results for Schottky contact samples with a nitrogen concentration of 5% and a thermal annealing temperature of 900 and 950°C. It has been found that a significant character and a small amplitude of such a characteristic indicates qualitative at a homogeneity and the necessary magnitude of the potential barrier (or barriers), that it is necessary to form to make Schottky contact or other structure. A significant characteristic and a small amplitude of such a characteristic indicates a qualitative one-line and the required value of a potential barrier (or barriers) that must be formed for the manufacture of a semiconductor structure or device. If the spectral characteristic has one maximum and amplitude that is many times higher than the amplitude of a significant characteristic, then this indicates a formed transition layer between components of heterosystems with high, compared with a quasine-power region of semiconductor, conductivity. The presence of such a layer increases the probability breaks down of the microelectronic device. Investigation of the distribution of lateral photours along the metal semiconductor interface compliant interpretation of spectral characteristics features. The linear significant form of distribution of EMF confirms the presence of a transition layer with a lower doping level compared with GaAs. An important feature of the diagnostic method is its non-destructive character, as well as the possibility of applying to semiconductor or devices based on them, in which the photovoltaic effect may occur.


An account of code-switching should be a direct consequence of an understanding of representation and processing in the individual mind, rather than a separate domain of its own. In the absence of such an account, most studies have developed hypotheses strictly within a specific research domain. This paper seeks to apply to code-switching a reasonably well-developed account of the multilingual mind, the MOGUL framework, within which more specific accounts can be developed. After briefly summarizing the framework, we describe representation and processing as realized in MOGUL, focusing on aspects having particular relevance to code-switching, including social factors involved in switching but as seen in terms of their place in a cognitive system. We then show how a promising approach to code-switching can be derived from this general framework. Some specific examples of code-switching are analyzed, though the primary goal is to show the merits of a broader perspective.


The utility model belongs to medical instruments and discloses an enterocoelia puncture needle. The front end of a puncture needle is a tip end, and an injector connecting base is arranged at the rear end of the puncture needle. A stopcock is arranged on the front portion of the interior of a puncture needle tube, and a through liquid groove is formed from the rear end face of the stopcock to the side wall. A side hole is formed in the position of the stopcock of the puncture needle tube, and inversion teeth are arranged on the inner wall. The enterocoelia puncture needle is small in wound, and safe and convenient to operate, can prevent the tip end from puncturing viscera in an enterocoelia, and prevents bacterium from entering the interior of the puncture needle tube.


[Objective]To observe the effect of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of cerebral hemorrhage.[Methods]280 cases of cerebral hemorrhage patients admitted to Neurology Department in hospital were as treatment group,conducted operation after evacuation of hematoma,and injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension 3.5ml by lumbar puncture in subarachnoid space.Selected 300 patients admitted during the same period as control group.In 6 months before and after transplantation,neural function defect assessment(NIHSS score)and activities of daily living(Barthel index),cerebral MRI,blood biochemical index,monitoring the safety of stem cell transplantation were obseved.[Results]The score of NIHSS decreased significantly after 6 months transplantation in the treatment group,compared with controls and before transplantation(P﹤0.01),Barthel indices were all significantly higher(P﹤0.01).Transplantation after 6 months of follow-up,brain MRI and blood biochemistry showed no obvious abnormality.[Conclusion]Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage is safe and feasible,and in the near future curative effect is determined,the long-term efficacy remains to be further observed.


Recently, with the increase in popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, cryptographic protection techniques have become necessary for high-security applications. In general, IoT devices have strict power and area constraints. Thus, use of a physical unclonable function (PUF), which can generate a secret key at low cost, can be advantageous for high-security IoT devices. This paper presents a novel environmental-variation-tolerant (EVT) magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based PUF that has a small area, high randomness, and low bit error rate (BER) compared to previous PUFs. The simulation results obtained using industry-compatible 65-nm model parameters indicate that the proposed PUF exhibits an inter-chip Hamming distance of 0.4901 and entropy of 0.9997, which proves the randomness of the PUF response. In addition, the proposed PUF exhibits the lowest BER across a wide voltage range (0.9 V–1.3 V) and temperature range (−25 °C – 75 °C) compared with previous PUFs.


Objective To explore application value of ultrasound real-time tissue elastography in the diagnosis of thyroid diffuse disease. Methods Twenty-seven patients with hyperthyroidism,22 patients with hashimoto's thyroiditis and 22 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Ultrasonography was applied to measure width and thickness of each lobe,thickness of isthmus,and peak systolic velocity of thyroid artery. Eleven elastic parameters were measured by real-time tissue elastography. Multiple linear regression equation was used to calculate coefficient of elasticity(EI). Results Width and thickness of each lobe and thickness of isthmus of hyperthyroidism group and hashimoto group were greater than those of control group. The peak systolic velocity of thyroid artery in hyperthyroidism group were higher than those in control group and hashimoto group. EI of hyperthyroidism group was 1.40 ± 0.44. EI of control group were 1.85 ± 0.26. EI of hashimoto group was 2.56±0.50. There were significant differences in EI among all groups(P 0.05). No correlation was found between EI and peak systolic velocity. Conclusion RTE technology can reflect tissue hardness of thyroid diffuse disease and infer pathological change of thyroid indirectly.


In order to understand the effects of GA treatment on the browning spot incident and the calcium contentin peel of bagged fruits of Huangguan pear,spraying GA3 and GA4+7 before bagging,the incidence of browning spot and the content changes of total calcium and different forms of calcium in peel were analyzed.The results indicated that the incidence of browning spot was 14.5% with GA4+7 treatment during fruit maturation period,which was significantly lower than that with three layers bagging treatment(22.5%).The content changes of total calcium and different forms of calcium in peel with GA3 and GA4+7 treatments were consistent with those with three layers bagging treatment.90 days after flowering,with GA3 and GA4+7 treatments,the contents of total calcium,water-soluble calcium and acetate acid-soluble calcium were significantly higher than those with three layers bagging treatment,while were lower than those without bagging treatment.The content of NaCl-soluble calcium had not significantly difference compared with that with three layers bagging treatment,but significantly lower than that without bagging treatment.100-110 days after flowering,with GA3 and GA4+7 treatments,the content of hydrochloric acid-soluble calcium was significantly lower than that with three layers bagging treatment,while it had no significant difference with that without bagging treatment.80 days after flowering,with GA3 and GA4+7 treatments,the relative content of water-soluble calcium had no significantly difference with that without bagging treatment,but was significantly higher than that with three layers bagging treatment.The relative content of NaCl-soluble calcium was significantly lower than that with three layers bagging treatment.The relative content of acetic-soluble calcium was significantly higher than that with three layers bagging treatment.The relative content of hydrochloric acid-soluble calcium was lower than that with three layers bagging treatment,but was higher than that without bagging treatment,and the residual calcium took of small proportion.The data suggested that GA4+7 could reduce the incidence of browning spot in Huangguan pear.GA3 and GA4+7 could increase the contents of total calcium,water-soluble calcium and acetate acid-soluble calcium in peel,while decrease the content of hydrochloric acid-soluble calcium,and had little influence on the content of NaCl-soluble calcium.


To evaluate vocal outcomes in 10 patients 1 year after autologous transplantation of temporalis fascia into Reinke's space (ATFV) for vocal fold scar and sulcus vocalis.


Based on the investigation of the growth and hardiness of the conserved bamboo plants in the Germplasms Nersery of Jiangsu Academy of Forestry,108 bamboo species,varieties and types(belonging to 22 genera) are ranked into five classes.It is concluded that a great quantity of the bamboo species with strong hardiness is worth widespreading for their ornamental and economic values.And some suggestions are also provided for the introduction and planting of the bamboo species with weak hardiness.


IN THIS communication, primary tuberculosis of the skin is considered synonymous with the primary complex of tuberculosis involving the skin. The primary complex consists of the combination of cutaneous reaction at the site of inoculation with tubercle bacilli in a tuberculous-free individual plus the involvement of regional lymph nodes. 1 Ghon stated that wherever the primary infection occurred and the same anatomical changes took place, the same laws and principles followed as those associated with the pulmonary complex. 1 The purpose of our communication is to report three cases of primary cutaneous complex seen within a four-year period of private practice. The results of chemotherapy are worthy of note. Report of Cases Case 1.— A 5-year-old white boy, in good health, sustained a superficial laceration of his left thigh in November 1960. The wound was treated with penicillin ointment and healed rapidly. Three weeks later, a pink bump was noted


Odontogenesis and osteogenesis are two distinct yet closely related processes that share common signalling pathways including regulatory control by Cbfa1. Although Cbfa1 is well-recognized as the master regulator of osteoblastic differentiation, little is known of its precise role during odontogenesis. We sought to clarify this by examining morphogenesis of teeth and matrix protein gene expression in cbfa1-knock-out mice at ed 17.5 and day 0 of birth, and comparing it with presumptive mandible bone-forming site. Results demonstrated morphological and functional differentiation differences between these two processes: incisor tooth germ showed morphological and functional differentiation of odontoblasts with expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin whereas the presumptive mandible bone-forming site showed lack of osteoblastic differentiation, and no expression of these two matrix proteins. Stage-specific and cytodifferentiation differences were also observed between incisor and molar tooth germs: incisor tooth germ progressed to the bell stage with odontoblast and ameloblast differentiation, and expression of tooth-specific proteins, amelogenin and dentine sialophosphoprotein, whereas molar tooth germ showed marurational arrest at bud to cap stage. Present findings suggest that 1. The transcription factor Cbfa-1 is associated with morphogenesis of teeth and matrix protein gene expression. 2. Compared to the incisor tooth germ, the molar tooth germ is more strongly subjected to control by Cbfa1, and 3. In Cbfa1-knockout mice, the odontoblast-like cells in the incisor and the spindle cells in the presumptive mandible forming region showed different patterns of gene expression of matrix proteins common to teeth and bones.


When emission waves (EWs) of imaging scanner hit bone, especially at an oblique incidence, guided waves (GWs) are generated from the bone cortex. GWs are multimodal and frequency-dispersive due to their non-linear propagation. Meanwhile, GWs leak to surrounding tissues and disturb SNR of acoustic signals. When microbubbles (MBs) flow through microvessels near a bone cortex, GWs can interact with MBs. The vibration and nonlinear scattering of MBs are unavoidably affected by GWs, which may disturb the image quality of ultrasound contrast imaging (UCI) near the bone surface. However, such disturbances on UCI with sub-harmonic (SH), fundamental (F), and ultra-harmonic (UH) have not been adequately addressed. This study aimed to elucidate the influences of frequency-dispersive GWs on UCI, especially with pulse inversion (PI) mode. The effects of GWs on UCI with B and PI modes were first elucidated through simulated comparison based on the modified Herring equation derived by GWs coupled EWs together and EWs alone, respectively. The GWs were reconstructed by the single-mode GWs, which were detected by using a transmitted-air gap-received (TAR) method and identified by using a smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville (SPWV) energy distribution superimposed with theoretical dispersion curves. Such effects were further verified by UCI in a vessel-plate flow phantom at incidence angles 0° and 22°. The influences of GWs on contrast and resolution of UCI were finally quantified by the differences in peak value (DPV) and half peak width (DHPW) of MB echoes, respectively. Based on TAR combined with SPWV methods, the coupling disturbances of EWs were removed; and the GWs with four single-modes (A0, A1, S0, and S2) and double-frequencies (3.35 and 1.62 MHz) were detected and identified. Due to the changes in MB echoes caused by GWs, the echo aliasing and gray changing occurred in all UCI methods. And DPV of MB echoes of PI SH was 4.0 times greater than that of SH, and DHPW of SH was 3.9 and 11.4 times higher than these of F and UH. Contrast of UCI was enhanced by GWs, but corresponding resolution was decreased, especially for SH and PI mode. So as a double-edged sword, the effects of GWs should be further explored to benefit UCI near the cortex.


Cerebral palsy is a static neurologic condition from brain injury that occurred before cerebral development is complete.1 Such patients are vulnerable to hearing loss. 23, 24 This hearing loss can be due to middle ear pathology, which is preventable and correctable. The aim was to determine the pattern of middle ear pathology and severity of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) in Cerebral Palsy patients at UBTH. This was a prospective descriptive study carried out for fourteen months (May 2014 to June 2015). Total population sampling technique was used. 112 subjects participated, each ear, as a separate entity. Pretest was done on 60 subjects at Project Chari-love. Structured interviewer questionnaire was administered, otoscopy and Tympanometry were done. Data analyzed using Statistical Package for Scientific Solution version 16. Similar procedures were carried out on 112 control subjects comprising children in Russell International Group of Schools, Ugbowo, Benin city. Otitis Media with Effusion predominated in 154 (68.8%) ears compared to 25.9% in the control. ETD, 129 (57.6%), mostly Type C1. Reduced middle ear compliance noted in 22 (9.9%) ears. ( p<0.001). Middle ear pathology is predominant in cerebral palsy patients. Otitis Media with Effusion is the commonest. ETD was mostly Type C1.


The In Iran, the reduction of qanats water supplies has encountered most villagers' social and economic activities with challenges. Due to water shortage, they leave their home and village and migrate to large cities to work as workers or do other activities. In some villages of Bakhazr County, Khorasan-e Razavi Province, earth dams have been constructed to feed qanats and springs since 65 years ago. The main objective of this study is to see how these earth dams affect rural development including villagers' satisfaction and the reduction of their migration motivation. Objective-wise, this study is an applied research. Yet, in nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical research. This is carried out using document (library) research and filling out questionnaire (survey). Results show that feeding qanats through constructing earth dam leads to villagers' satisfaction and reduction of their migration motivations.


Public relations makes organizations more effective by building relationships with stakeholders in the environment that have the potential to constrain or enhance the mission of the organization. When stakeholders become activist groups, they become particularly troublesome to organizations because they appeal to the media, government, and other stakeholders to force the organization to change when the organization's response does not satisfy them. Few public relations practitioners have found successful strategies for dealing with activists, but this research on the conflict between Greenpeace and Du Pont suggests that Axelrod's (1984) concept of "Tit for Tat" games from game theory may be effective. Conflicts are resolved most efficiently when the participants develop compatible ground rules. In our case history, however, Du Pont and Greenpeace used incompatible approaches to dispute resolution, dictated by their constituencies. As a result, there was little hope that the two sides could agree on ground...


Using density functional calculations, we investigated the electronic structure and magnetism of the newly synthesized antiferromagnetic (AF) double perovskite LaSrNiRuO6. Our results show that the first nearest-neighbouring (1NN) and ions have a ferromagnetic (FM) coupling. However, we find that LaSrNiRuO6 displays long-range magnetic interactions: the second nearest-neighbouring (2NN) Ru-Ru AF coupling and the 2NN Ni-Ni AF coupling are both stronger than the 1NN Ni-Ru FM coupling, and the third nearest-neighbouring (3NN) Ru-Ru and Ni-Ni AF couplings are also considerably large. Thus, the leading Ru-Ru and Ni-Ni AF interactions in the face-centered-cubic (fcc) sublattices give rise to a magnetic frustration, and eventually determine a distorted low-temperature AF order. This work addresses the importance of long-range magnetic interactions in determining the exotic magnetic structure of double perovskites.


A cute and chronic liver disease encompasses a wide variety of complex conditions. Liver diseases may be secondary to infectious causes, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), or noninfectious etiologies, such as chronic alcohol abuse, autoimmune processes, or metabolic derangements. Many of these conditions have overlapping features and may progress to serious complications if not appropriately managed. Pharmacists and other health care providers routinely encounter patients in clinical practice who require pharmacologic management of various liver diseases as well as drug prevention or treatment of the symptoms or complications associated with liver disease. The patient with liver disease often presents a challenge for clinicians not only regarding drug-related management of the given hepatic condition but also due to the potential need for alteration of the patient's other concomitant drug therapy secondary to the presence of liver disease. The current issue on hepatology and the upcoming issue on hepatitis will focus on these topics. An important aspect of liver disease is the contribution of medications to the development of both acute and chronic liver diseases. Several medications may be implicated in the development of liver disease. This makes both the recognition of liver disease and screening for potential drug-related toxicity essential functions of the pharmacist. Likewise, quantifying the severity and extent of existing liver disease as well as making appropriate drug selections or dose adjustments in patients with existing liver disease are difficult tasks. In this issue, Dr Kim and Dr Phongsamran will review common drug causes of liver disease as well as scoring systems used to assess liver disease, and provide recommendations for how to approach drug dosing in patients with liver disease. Regardless of which chronic liver disease is present, if patients progress to cirrhosis, serious complications may arise, many of which are due to the development of portal hypertension. These include development of varices, spontaneous bacterial periotonitis, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, ascites, and the hepatorenal and hepatopulomnary syndromes. These complications are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. In this issue, Dr MacLaren will review the latest drug therapies for the treatment and prevention of the complications of cirrhosis and the development of portal hypertension. The intent of the next two issues of the Journal of Pharmacy Practice is to provide pharmacists with an update in the pharmacologic management of a variety of acute and chronic liver diseases encountered in clinical practice and to review recommendations for adjustment of drug therapy in patients with liver disease. We hope you find the information a helpful update to assist you in your decision-making processes related to the drug management of patients with liver disease.


(BE) The invention relates to a method of operating a high pressure 21) Appl. No.: 12A663,392 ethylene polymerisation unit comprising a tubular reactor, the (21) Appl. No 9 method characterised in that the electrical conductivity of the (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 3, 2008 aqueous cooling medium is monitored in at least one location. Furthermore, the invention also covers a high pressure ethyl (86). PCT No.: PCT/EPO8/56846 ene polymerisation unit comprising a tubular reactor, the unit characterised in that one or more cooling circuits comprise an S371 (c)(1), electrical conductivity metre. The use of Such a polymerisa (2), (4) Date: Jun. 3, 2010 tion unit is also disclosed.


We have been developing a casting manipulator which includes a flexible string in the link mechanism to enlarge the work space of a manipulator. In this paper we deal with the mid-air trajectory control of the gripper after throwing it. First, we examine dynamic characteristics of a flexible string against impulse. A flexible string is modeled as a viscoelastic model. We estimate model parameters of a flexible string through free fall experiments. Then we propose the utilization of impulsive force applied to the gripper in the air through the string by restricting the motion of the string. Investigating the generation of the impulsive force through experiments, we confirm the effectiveness of the method, which is evaluated by comparing the results of numerical simulations with those of the experiments using our experimental casting manipulator hardware.


This note summarizes conclusions reached at a recent international conference that considered the causes and policy implications of the upsurge of mortality in Russia following the collapse of the communist regime in 1989. The mortality crisis is genuine not a case of `Glasnost in statistics. There is little evidence to support the popular perception that the crisis is due to environmental deterioration or the collapse of medical services. These problems are real but they do not account for the rise in mortality. Rather the crisis is the manifestation of economic social and political pathologies in Russian society. The responsible causes are probably a combination of historical and contemporary forces: catch-up effects from previous lifestyle risks and deferred deaths from the successful anti-alcohol campaign in the late 1980s; and current turmoil characterized by economic impoverishment widening social inequality and the breakdown of political institutions. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)


Teucrium L. is one of the well-known genus for botanists and it belongs to Section Scordium Boiss. of Lamiaceae which is represented by a single species, T. scordium L. in Turkey. An interesting Teucrium specimen which has characteristic densely velutinous indumentums, greyish appearance and grows at marshy habitat has been observed at Şırnak, located in eastern part of Turkey. The specimens were very distinct by longer pedicels and white corolla. Due to these unusual characters for Teucrium Section Scordium, they have been carefully examined and photo-graphed in the field. Further studies on the specimens were based on the various floristic books and it has been identified as Teucrium melissoides Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. [1,2]. On the other hand, the studies on the type materials and other historical collections at G herbarium by the second author have supported the identification (Figure 1).


[Objective] The efficiency of the different type of vegetation improving the soil in desert area was explored through the research on the variation of its physical property.[Method] The bulk density,porosity,non-porosity and total porosity and other indexes were measured and analyzed by means of porosity.[Result] The results showed that the bulk density of soil ranged from 1.010-1.621 g/cm3,the total porosity of soil was in the range between 42.48%-63.66%,which indicated there was negative relationship between bulk density and total porosity.The different types of vegetation in the protection of soil and its improvement varied and the best improving effect was for the orchard,then the middle,mixed forest of Populus tomentos-Robinia pseudoacacia;the worst,Populus simonii;except farmland.[Conclusion] The physical property of soil was obviously improved after the soil was modified by ecological forest.


The utility model discloses a machine for testing longitudinal adjustment performance of automobile front seat comprising a lower body of worktable, an upper body of worktable, a seat framework and a clay module. The left of the upper body of worktable is movably jointed with the lower body of worktable by a hinge. A regulating screw is arranged in the lower body of the worktable. A fixed bolt nut is arranged at the right end of the lower body of the worktable. A vertical track is arranged at the left upper surface of the upper body of the worktable. A seat sliding track is arranged on the vertical track. The seat framework is embedded into the sliding track and is embedded into the sliding track of a supporting rack via an intermediate supporting point of the seat. A fixed support is arranged at the other end of the upper body of the worktable. A cylinder is arranged on the support. Two inductive type position sensors are arranged in the groove of outer wall of the cylinder. The body of the cylinder is provided with a resistor type displacement sensor. One end of the strain force sensor connects to a piston rod of the cylinder while the other end connects to the track of the seat base by a connecting rod. The reliability of test parameter of the utility model is high and this can meet the requirement of the testing standard of the country.


Intelligent maritime situational awareness pursues an effective understanding of the majority of the activities related to the maritime domain (impacting the safety, security, economy, or environment), with the aid of artificial intelligence systems. Such an understanding requires the development of automated processes capable of not only detecting abnormal behavior but also of visually-representing and interpreting it. Although much progress has been made in anomaly detection and visualization using vessel self-reporting positioning data, there have been no corresponding advances using video data, despite the increasing use of cameras for maritime surveillance. In this work, we introduce a framework which goes beyond vessel tracking for anomaly detection in video, and is therefore applicable to scenes with a high density of vessels. The proposed framework detects abnormal behavior using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and interprets this knowledge using metrics derived from clustering the positions and courses provided by an independent vessel/motion detector. These detections are geovisualized using an advanced displaying tool where detected abnormal behavior may be localized on the globe, providing an infrastructure for intelligent maritime situational awareness.


The present study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 to estimate the sero-prevalence and identify the risk factors of the peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Cameroon. A total of 269 herds randomly sampled across the country have been studied and 1622 samples of serum have been levied on the sheep and goat. The c-ELISA has been studied in order to detect the presence of antibodies in small ruminants like an indicator of exposition to PPRV. The results revealed the circulation of PPRV in the country with a total sero-prevalence of 39% [95%CI; 37 - 41] and a sero-prevalence of 63.2% [95%CI; 57.2 - 69.2] at the herd level. Sero-prevalence was variable in the ten regions ranging from 7% [95% CI; 6.2 - 8.4] to 73% [95% CI; 62 - 84] with the northern zone (Adamawa, North and Far-North) having 52.3% [95% CI; 37 - 60] and southern zone (including the remaining seven regions) recording 29% [95% CI; 11 - 57]. Similarly, it was higher in animals found in urban/peri-urban areas than in rural areas with prevalence ratio of 2.9 [95% CI 2.54 - 3.4; p i.e. 3 times more, 1.6 [95% CI 1.36 - 1.90; p i.e. 1.6 times more, and 5.02 [95% CI 3.91 - 6.85; p i.e. 5 times more at national level, in the northern zone and in the southern area, respectively. Five risk factors have been identified: the breeding environment, introduction of new animals into the herds, gathering of animals for pasture and watering, wandering and transhumance. The breeding area appeared to be the most important risk factor associated with disease exposure. The control measures for the eradication of this disease must take into account the epidemiological situation, the breeding environment, animal transhumance and breeding system.


Changes in the ways that audiences use television, and the ways in which such usage can be measured, raise the possibility of a transformation of the audience commodity, and the currency that fuels the audience marketplace. Specifically, it appears at this point that social media analytics are beginning to play a role in how television program success is measured, and in how advertising dollars are allocated across programs. Essentially, then, the emergence of social TV analytics represents the possibility of a new market information regime taking hold in the audience marketplace. Working from an institutional theoretical framework, this article uses trade materials as a window into industry dynamics and discourses in an effort to provide an account of the recent emergence and usage of social TV analytics in the U.S. television industry and thus explore the process of institutionalization of a new market information regime.


The Modifier Model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that phenotypic variability within ASD is rooted in modifier processes, such as the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS). Among a sample of 53 adolescents with ASD, this study examined associations between (a) self‐reported BIS/BAS and frontal and parietal alpha electroencephalogram asymmetry and whether these indices related to (b) ASD severity (via the Autism Quotient), and/or (c) co‐occurring anxiety and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (via Youth Self Report and Child Behavior Checklist). Findings showed that alpha asymmetry was associated with self‐reported BAS scores, such that greater BAS was related to greater right‐frontal hemisphere activation and relatively greater left‐parietal hemisphere activation. Additionally, associations emerged between ASD severity and self‐reported BAS and alpha asymmetry, and between anxiety symptoms and self‐reported BIS and alpha asymmetry. Furthermore, mediation analyses revealed that BAS mediated the association between asymmetry and autism severity. Therefore, alpha asymmetry and BIS/BAS activity may provide insight into how ASD presents in adolescence as well as who might be at greater risk for developing co‐occurring psychopathologies. This study highlights the importance of considering motivational systems to elucidate individual differences among youth with ASD and working toward the longer term goal of better understanding differential responses to treatment. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1653–1666. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this paper, an automated and intelligent tunnel traffic control system has been designed considering VIT University's tunnel. The purpose of considering this tunnel while writing this paper is because this is an ideal blind black box where vehicle drivers crossing the tunnel can't predict what vehicle and by which speed is coming from the opposite way. Moreover, only one four-wheeler vehicle can pass at a time through this approximately 35 meter long tunnel. So, in case, if two vehicles come across in this dark tunnel, there is a good probability of collision. To avoid such collisions, VIT University's management always keep two watchmen at either side of tunnel to aware and show stop/go signal to vehicles. Along with all these things, a pedestrian path is also there through the tunnel which is used daily by around 15000 students. Although, the VIT management is keeping its watchmen always alert to avoid any kind of accident and no accident has ever been recorded, still we have come with this idea to make these kinds of tunnels safer by making an Automated and Intelligent Tunnel Traffic Control System.


The process formula of sensitization,activation and alkaline electroless copper plating of SiC composite powder were introduced.Influential factors of bath stability and the influence of various process conditions on deposition rate were studied respectively.Results show that the bath is decomposed easily with the granule of SiC powder becoming finer and bath pH and temperature increasing.Deposition rate is increased but bath stability is decreased with increasing content of formaldehyde.Deposit quality is improved and bath stability is maintained with suitable content of complexant.But the deposition rate is decreased while increasing the content of complexant.The optimal process condition are as follows: φ(formaldehyde)10~20 mL/L,ρ(complexant) 50~70 g/L,temperature of 15~35 ℃,pH value of 12.5 ~13.X-ray diffraction analysis of composite powder of SiC-Cu after alkaline electroless copper plating and heat treatment at a temperature of 1 050 ℃ show Cu、SiC and Cu_2O existing in the deposit and Cu presenting a crystal state.Copper deposit is in good coexistence with SiC powder at high temperatures without falling off.SEM photo shows that the composite powder of SiC-Cu is dispersed.Its surface is smooth and even.Randomly piled up fine cystiform metal granules can be seen on the surface.


This paper applies process and circuit simulation to examine plausible explanations for measured differences in ring oscillator frequencies and to develop layout and electronic circuit concepts that have increased sensitivity to lithographic parameters. Existing 90nm ring oscillator test chip measurements are leveraged, and the performance of ring oscillator circuit is simulated across the process parameter variation space using HSPICE and the Parametric Yield Simulator in the Collaborative Platform for DfM. These simulation results are then correlated with measured ring oscillator frequencies to directly extract the variation in the underlying parameter. Hypersensitive gate layouts are created by combining the physical principles in which the effects of illumination, focus, and pattern geometry interact. Using these principles and parametric yield simulations, structures that magnify the focus effects have been found. For example, by using 90° phase shift probe, parameter-specific layout monitors are shown to be five times more sensitive to focus than that of an isolated line. On the design side, NMOS or PMOS-specific electrical circuits are designed, implemented, and simulated in HSPICE.


Rasayanas are health-promoting and stimulative agents that, by their empirical personal effects, produce resistance against disease. Rasayana therapy means rejuvenation therapy. Rasayana is explained by Charaka, Sushruta, Vagbhata, Sharangadhara in detail. It is a distinct branch of Ashtanga Ayurveda. Charaka described it as the first chapter in the Chikitsa sthana, which indicates its importance in treatment. The rasayana or rejuvenation therapy aims at optimizing the functioning of enzymes in our tissue cells by revitalizing them. The purpose of Ayurveda is to maintain a healthy person's health and treat a diseased one; the practical application of Rasayana at both levels help in serving the purpose. As we know, in this modern era, life has become very stressful; age is increasing day by day, this stress harms our state of well-being. Increased toxicity in society, pollution, food habits are also significant degenerative factors that affect health. We suffer from some loss; from time-to-time replenishment of these losses needs the use of different stimulative agents for other age groups. Rasayana therapy plays a vital role in precluding untimely wear and tears of body tissue and upgrading of total health content of an individual. Rasayana enhances the phenomenon of nourishment by acting at the level of agni, strotas and ahararasa. According to Charaka, Rasayana is an antidote that enhances half-life youthfulness. It is a rebirth antidote that enhances the calibers of Rasa enriches it with nutrients so one can attain a half-life, robust and pure system to fight against ailments, develop of body and prime.


The LogP model is a model of parallel computation that characterises a parallel computer architecture by four parameters: the latency L, the overhead o, the gap g and the number of processors P . We study the problem of constructing minimum-length schedules for treestructured programs in the LogP model. This problem is proved to be NP-hard, even for outtrees of height two in LogP models with an unlimited number of processors. For outtrees of height two, a 2-approximation algorithm is presented. For intrees of height two, two approximation algorithms are presented: a 3-approximation algorithm for LogP models with an unrestricted number of processors and a 4 2 P -approximation algorithm for LogP models with a nite number of processors. For the problem of constructing minimum-length schedules for d-ary intrees in a LogP model with a nite number of processors, three approximation algorithms are presented that are applicable in many models of parallel computation. The rst constructs schedules for full d-ary intrees of length at most 2 + 2 d times the length of an optimal schedule plus the time required for (d+ 1)P 1 communication operations. The second constructs schedules on P processors of length at most d+1 d 2 +d d+P times the length of a minimum-length schedule plus the time needed for d(P 1) 1 communication operations. The third constructs schedules of length at most 3 6 P+2 times the length of a minimum-length schedule plus the duration of d(d 1)(P 1) 1 communication operations.


In this note we consider the following problem. Suppose that we are given a Lévy process Z on a probability space (Ω,F,Q) and a non-negative non-increasing càdlàg process τ independent of Z. We putX := Z◦τ , that is, Xt = Zτt , t 0, and ask whether the measure P̃ := Law(Xt, t 0) is locally absolutely continuous with respect to the measure P := Law(Zt, t 0). We assume that these measures are given on the Skorokhod space D(R+) with canonical filtration (Ft)t 0. If Z is not a compound Poisson process then, as follows from 30.1, 33.1 in [1] and Theorem 2 in [2], we cannot expect P̃ to be locally absolutely continuous with respect to P in a non-trivial situation. Moreover, it is easy to show that if τ is a determinate non-absolutely continuous process


A forearm wash test was developed to differentiate the mildness of personal cleansing products, e.g., bar soaps. The wash protocol was derived from habit information and by observation of actual wash situations. The method was found to be sensitive enough to discriminate differences in bar composition such as tallow/coconut ratio, presence of super fitting, and type of synthetic surfactant. There are design variations to accommodate paired comparisons and single product comparisons of multiple products. Dew point was a key indicator of responsiveness to soap treatment. Therefore, the number of washings was increased to allow product differentiation under conditions of high dew point. Because the method was derived from actual washing situations, it is more likely to be predictive of consumers' skin condition when using cleansing products than are the conventional chamber or patch tests.


: Microalgae are potential sources of a wide range of bioproducts. It is essential to choose the proper microalgae strain and culture condition to achieve an efficient production. The production yield of carotenoids by Dunaliella salina under the stress-induced culture conditions of nitrogen deprivation and excessive light intensity was evaluated. Also, a survey at laboratorial scale of the growth kinetics under different culture conditions of photoperiod, aeration, and agitation was performed for the seven species of green microalgae Ankistrodesmus fusiformis , Chlamydocapsa bacillus , Desmodesmus brasiliensis , Kirchneriella lunaris , Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Scenedesmus obliquus . As a result, aeration of atmospheric air is enough to improve the growth kinetics of the seven species studied. Production of carotenoids was enhanced under stress by excessive light intensity. Although D. salina does not grow effectively under nitrogen deprivation, this stress condition may be used to quickly stimulate carotenoid production once the culture reaches a high cellular population.


In this work we show the existence of closure domains in Fe$_{1-x}$Ga$_x$ thin films featuring a striped magnetic pattern and study the effect of the magnetic domain arrangement on the magnetotransport properties. By means of X-ray resonant magnetic scattering, we experimentally demonstrate the presence of such closure domains and estimate their sizes and relative contribution to surface magnetization. Magnetotransport experiments show that the behavior of the magnetoresistance depends on the measurement geometry as well as on the temperature. When the electric current ows perpendicular to the stripe direction, the resistivity decreases when a magnetic field is applied along the stripe direction (negative magnetoresistance) in all the studied temperature range, and the calculations indicate that the main source is the anisotropic magnetoresistance. In the case of current flowing parallel to the stripe domains, the magnetoresistance changes sign, being positive at room temperature and negative at 100 K. To explain this behavior, the contribution to magnetoresistance from the domain walls must be considered besides the anisotropic one.


We present a deep JHKs-band imaging survey of the W3 Main star-forming region, using the near-infrared camera SIRIUS mounted on the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope. The near-infrared survey covers an area of ~24 arcmin2 with 10 σ limiting magnitudes of ~19.0, 18.1, and 17.3 in the J, H, and Ks bands, respectively. We construct JHK color-color and J versus J-H and K versus H-K color-magnitude diagrams to identify young stellar objects and estimate their masses. Based on these color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, a rich population of young stellar objects is identified that is associated with the W3 Main region. A large number of previously unreported red sources (H-K > 2) have also been detected around W3 Main. We argue that these red stars are most probably pre-main-sequence stars with intrinsic color excesses. We find that the slope of the Ks-band luminosity function (KLF) of W3 Main is lower than the typical values reported for young embedded clusters. The derived slope of the KLF is the same as that found in 1996 by Megeath and coworkers, from which analysis indicated that the W3 Main region has an age in the range of 0.3-1 Myr. Based on the comparison between models of pre-main-sequence stars and the observed color-magnitude diagram, we find that the stellar population in W3 Main is primarily composed of low-mass pre-main-sequence stars. We also report the detection of isolated young stars with large infrared excesses that are most probably in their earliest evolutionary phases.


Credit rating enables investors to draw up the credit risk profile and to assess the adequacy of the risk pre- mium offered by the market. Credit rating announced by the rating agencies significantly influence the share price of rated companies. Prior research has found that stock prices react negatively to the announcement of downgrades of bond ratings, while weaker positive excess bond and stock returns are found for upgrades. However, prior studies report mixed results on the information content of the bond ratings. Our study examines the reaction of stock returns to the initial bond rating. We find that the returns associated with these events are insignificant.


Provided is an industrial building roof comprising alternating roof capping and valleys wherein the valleys are inclined relative to the horizontal with an angle of between 1 and 5%.


To investigate the response of subtropical forests to increased nitrogen deposition, a field experiment was conducted in a 12-year-old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation exposed to four N treatments designated as N0 (control), N1, N2 and N3 at the doses of 0, 60, 120 kg N hm-2 a-1 and 240 kg N hm-2 a-1, respectively. Each treatment comprised three replicate plots of 20 m×20 m which were sprayed with urea on the forest floor at the beginning of each month, lasting from January 2005 to December 2006. Litter bags were randomly placed on the forest floor and collected bimonthly, and litter was analyzed for mass remaining, carbon and nitrogen content. Based on two years of litterbag collection and analyses, the average carbon contents in the decomposing litter collected bimonthly were estimated at 46.47%, 46.35%, 46.79% and 46.6%, respectively, for N0, N1, N2, and N3, showing no significant difference between treatments but decreasing with time consistently. The concentrations of nitrogen in leaf litter were found to increase significantly with the doses of nitrogen additions. For the above four treatments, the decomposition coefficients determined by Olson equation were respectively 0.739, 0.744, 0.936 and 0.708, with turnover time of 4.26, 4.26 , 3.46 and 4.41 years, for C element; the decomposition coefficients were 0.458, 0.543, 0.776 and 0.565, with turnover time of 6.26, 5.44 , 3.91 and 5.20 years for N element. N1 treatment stimulated N release from the litter, but produced no effects on C release; N2 accelerated release of both C and N, but N3 exhibited inhibitory effects to some extent. The N1, N2 and N3 treatments decreased C/N ratios in leaf litter by 8.59%, 14.20% and 17.54%, respectively.


Distribution transformers are one of the most expensive devices in distribution networks. Finding the appropriate location and size of these transformers could extremely influence the total investment of the network. The utilization factor value of the transformers can play a significant role in sizing and locating them in design and operation stages of the network. Generally, it is assumed that any increase in the utilization factor of the transformers can lead to a decrease in the required investments in distribution systems. However, it seems that the distribution network structure and geographical pattern of the electrical loads may affect the appropriate value of the transformer loading and its related utilization factor. This topic is investigated in this paper to obtain the optimal value of the utilization factor via studying two real cases with different structural specifications and load types. The optimum designs of these two networks with different values of the transformer utilization factors are provided using the DisPlan software and the results are presented and the effect of utilization factor is discussed in detail..


In the past two decades, the replacement of missing teeth with implant restorations has become a treatment modality accepted by the scientific community for fully and partially edentulous patients. Long-term successful outcomes with osseointegrated dental implants, reported in numerous scientific studies, have inspired the dental profession to feel confident about their use. In our clinic, implants are included in a routine treatment modality and several studies about implants have been performed But, presently a great number of implant systems are in use, but which system among those many systems is the most successful in long-term, still remains as an important, yet unanswered question. The "intramobile cylinder implant system" (IMZ) is one of the oldest and mostly used systems in Germany. It was developed by Koch and modified by Kirsch, Kirsch and Ackermann, and Kirsch and Mentag. IMZ system is submerged in order to gain the osseointegration between bone and implant surely by excluding external force. The intramobile element(IME) or intramobile connector(IMC) of this system is designed to distribute the occlusal force by acting like the periodontal ligament. The fixture body is made of pure titanium and covered with


With the cold and hot functional test and core load of the nuclear power unit to come, operating staff will hold an overall commissioning test on the equipments. In order to track, solve and approve the technical issues in a better way, professionals are required to assign those issues in accordance to the work procedure, and share the execution and accomplishment condition of the work in time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a feedback and tracking system to manage technical issues focusing on the equipment maintenance, which will help follow up the process by series of codes and symbols. It can also provide a knowledge base for issues arising from nuclear unit maintenance activities to guarantee good operation of the plant.


jQuery is the most popular JavaScript library but the state-of-the-art static analyzers for JavaScript applications fail to analyze simple programs that use jQuery. In this paper, we present a novel abstract string domain whose elements are simple regular expressions that can represent prefix, infix, and postfix substrings of a string and even their sets. We formalize the new domain in the abstract interpretation framework with abstract models of strings and objects commonly used in the existing JavaScript analyzers. For practical use of the domain, we present polynomial-time inclusion decision rules between the regular expressions and prove that the rules exactly capture the actual inclusion relation. We have implemented the domain as an extension of the open-source JavaScript analyzer, SAFE, and we show that the extension significantly improves the scalability and precision of the baseline analyzer in analyzing programs that use jQuery.


The thermal stability of the superhydrophobic properties of coatings obtained on a magnesium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) followed by treatment with fluoropolymer was studied. It was established that formed surface layers have contact angle (CA) equal to 171° and contact angle hysteresis equal to 6° at 25 °C, which allows to characterize them as superhydrophobic. After 5 cycles of cooling-heating of composite layers, CA was 135°, indicating the durability of coatings. Additionally, obtained polymer-containing layers demonstrated low wettability at 0 °C (CA was 105°).


The innovation of agricultural technology depends on the strength and effective investment support. Some problems exists in the innovation of agricultural technology in Shaanxi Province such as insufficient input,the shortage of investment and financing channel,which have been caused by lots of reasons. It should improve the innovation of agriculture by establishing the effective mechanism,improving the investment structure,broadening the financing channel and enhancing the broadcasting of agriculture technology as well as the investment on the "intelligence" project.


Plant genetic transformation requires appropriate choice of antibiotics for regeneration of transformed tissues and elimination of Agrobacterium, and minimal concentration of selective agents for the selection of putative transformants during transformation. This study was conducted to examine the effects of three antibiotics (carbenicillin, cefotaxime, and Clavamox) on in vitro plant regeneration from leaf segments of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) 'Vivid Scarlet', and percentages of shoot induction and number of shoots per explant were recorded after 5 weeks of culture. Carbenicillin and Clavamox had less inhibitory effects on number of shoots per explant than cefotaxime, but superior plant growth (i.e. number of leaves, number of roots, plant height, and fresh weight) was observed in shoots treated with 125 mg . L -1 Clavamox. Analysis of stomata size indicated that there was no variation in ploidy level between mother plants (controls) grown in the greenhouse and plants regenerated in vitro with 125 mg . L -1 Clavamox. These findings suggest that Clavamox can effectively replace carbenicillin or cefotaxime in Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation studies of 'Vivid Scarlet'. In addition, screening of the selective agents revealed optimal concentrations of kanamycin 30 mg . L -1 and phosphinothricin 0.4 mg . L -1 , respectively, for the selection of putative transgenic 'Vivid Scarlet' plants.


The grey system theory was used to analyse the correlation between air quality and respiratory diseases in Urumqi from different angles,and the relationship between air pollution and diseases in specific citie has been discussed.Finally, corresponding views to control the air pollution based on the conclusion has been proposed.


Optimization-based methods for the determination of constitutive parameters of material models are evaluated. Rosenbrock's and Levenberg-Marquardt's algorithms are considered in particular. Based o ...


This article aims to provide a comparative analysis of the social condition of actors during the communist era in Poland and after the political transformation of 1989. The empirical material used by the author includes popular science publications devoted to actors of Polish public drama theatres as well as free-flowing interviews conducted by the author in 2015–2017 with theatre artists representing six Polish theatrical centres.
Actors who remember the period of the People's Republic of Poland well are nostalgic about the past theatrical life, they remember being on familiar terms within theatre teams, anti-rankism, and the inclusion of technical and administrative staff in the community of artists without emphasising hierarchies. Today, the social, ideological and political divides in theatre teams are more noticeable. Distinguished actors are being challenged by young colleagues, while they were held in high regard in the past. Nowadays, multi-active actors demythologise the profession of an actor and point to the decline of the professional ethos.


. This paper provides a method of generating infinitely many integer solutions of the simultaneous equations a r + b r + c r = d r + e r + f r where r = 1 , 2 and 6. Several numerical solutions of this system of equations have also been obtained in this paper.


Participation in physical activity can improve the health outcomes of breast cancer survivors. To impact public health, broad‐reaching sustainable interventions that promote physical activity are needed.


Disease in India is growing day by day, in which chronic diseases are life-threatening and life harming diseases. This may affect the body adversely and diagnosis of these can help in detecting the disease. The two growing chronic diseases are diabetes and cancer. Diagnosis of these diseases is very important so that appropriate medication and treatment would be possible for it and on time. The aim of this paper is to study recent techniques used for the diagnosis of chronic disorder and to give an idea of this domain to the researcher. This report gives complete information about different techniques used for the diagnosis of the disease.


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a transactional approach to how the image of a subculture is co-produced through talk in the context of a face-to-face social encounter. A single-case micro-analysis of a talk about the squatting movement in Spain is developed. During the talk an interaction occurs between university students, one of whom is a squatter. Inspired by Goffman's work on the presentation of the self in everyday life, we examined how co-participants engaged in the following: (1) the production of a working definition of squatting and squatters, (2) the critical examination of such definition, and (3) the repair of squatting and squatters' image when it is spoiled. The analysed social encounter is regarded as an example of 'mixed contact' between members and non-members of youth (political) subculture. The discussion stresses the techniques of information control deployed by the subculturalist to manage the public image of squatters while performing dramaturgical loyalty to her membership groups. A transactional understanding of youth subculture is proposed.


Supply and demand balance is required to assure normal operation in microgrids. Especially, in stand-alone microgrid operation, load shedding is inevitable to meet the balance. In order to enhance the reliability of stand-alone microgrids, deployment of suitable sized controllable distributed generators is required, which results in an increase of investment cost. Therefore, a tradeoff between economical investment and reliable operation is required. In stand-alone multimicrogrid (MMG) system, the reliability can be improved by cooperative operation. However, solving the tradeoff is still a challenging problem. In this paper, an operation strategy is proposed for MMG systems where each microgrid has different frequency requirement according to load configurations to improve reliability from the economical viewpoint. A hierarchical energy management system is developed to implement the proposed strategy for MMGs operation. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated by using hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Test results showed the effectiveness for reducing load shedding and operation cost of MMG systems.


Objective To explore the possible association of oxidative stress reaction with the mRNA expression of podocin in rats with adriarnycin(ADR)-induced nephrotic syndrome.Methods mRNA expression of podocin in renal cortex were investigated by in situ hybridization staining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR in ADR-induced nephrotic rats,the level of malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD)and total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC) in renal cortex were measured, then the relationship between them was evaluated.Results In ADR rats, MDA increased at d7 and reached a significant higher level at d14 and d21;SOD decreased at d14 and persisted to d21; T-AOC decreased at d21.The podocin mRNA mostly expressed in cytoplasm of glomerular cells. Both the number and the intensity of positive cells increased notably as time progressed in ADR rats.The level of podocin mRNA expression showed no obvious changes at d7, while prominently increased at d14 and pesisted to d21 in ADR rats.There was significant correlativity between the mRNA expression of podocin and the level of MDA,SOD,T-AOC.Conclusion The mRNA expression of podocin is correlated with oxidative stress reaction in rats with ADR-induced nephrotic syndrome.


Cell-free fetal DNA screening tests for trisomy 21 are more accurate than standard screening with nuchal translucency even in low-risk women.


LEWIS Kornhauser and Richard Revesz have given us an insightful and thought-provoking series of papers analyzing the effects of joint and several liability. They have discussed how joint and several liability influences the behavior of those engaged in activities that involve risk of harm and have unraveled the efficiency implications of joint and several liability under the substantive standards of negligence and strict liability. In their latest series of papers,' they extend their analysis of joint and several liability by examining the effect of this doctrine on the inclination of parties to settle litigation. They demonstrate convincingly that the existence of joint and several liability can have a profound effect on how rational and highly informed parties would decide whether to settle a case involving multiple defendants and that this is true both when the defendants are fully solvent and when one or more vary in their ability to satisfy judgments. Section I of this paper begins with a simple illustration of a central finding from the work of Kornhauser and Revesz-that in the case of


Human communication involves a number of verbal, vocal, and non-verbal cues that facilitate face-to-face communication. Building a computational understanding of how these cues might facilitate social and cognitive processes will enable new research directions in social and cognitive sciences and the design of socially interactive systems such as agents and robots. In this paper, we present preliminary work in modeling a particular communicative mechanism—listener nods—toward designing humanlike agents and robots that show appropriate social behavior. ∗


U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Biology and Medicine. Contract AT-45-1-540, Contract AT(45-1)-1734 and Office of Naval Research. Contract Nonr-477(10). Project NR-083-012. Contract Nonr-477(37). Project NR 004-03-01


Water storage program ahead of schedule can bring considerable economic benefits in the construction of hydropower stations,but the program has many constrains and the corresponding solutions are also very complex. In this paper,the Longbeiwan Hydropower Station was used as an example to analyze the main factors and solutions of the water storage program ahead of schedule,and accordingly establish a decision-making model. The studies show that the program of using a zigzag road behind the dam and layout a single tunnel is theoretically reasonable,technically feasible and can obtain good economic benefits.


Government policy, running through the 10-Year Drug Strategy, Tackling Drugs to Build a Better Britain (The Stationery Office, 1998) and the New Drug Misuse Clinical Guidelines (Department of Health, The Scottish Office, 1999) highlights the need for health authorities and now PCGs to invest in shared care mechanisms to support primary care in its task of caring for drug misusers. Primary Care Trusts, as freestanding NHS organizations, will in time be able to commission, purchase and provide these services themselves, using primary care expertise alongside specialists. This paper describes a model of primary care-based shared care service, the Consultancy Liaison Addiction Service, that has been in operation for 5 years in South London, that predates these changes in the NHS yet could be considered by PCGs or PCTs when planning services for drug misusers. The service comprises a team of drug and alcohol community psychiatric nurses, supported and managed by a principal in general practice. Together they have worked with 72 neighbouring general practices, supporting the treatment of alcohol-misusing and drug-misusing patients. The team has a separate identity from, but is closely integrated into the secondary specialist addiction service producing effective continuum of care.


This discussion seeks to draw out some of the lessons that were learned as a consequence of involvement in the Gezi Park protests in Istanbul in the summer of 2013. A key concern is with the relationship between the power politics of the state, on the one hand, and the emancipatory aspirations of the activists involved in the struggle to save Gezi Park from the bulldozers of real-estate capital and from the political ambitions of the ruling party in government. What is emphasised is the growing force of authoritarianism in the contemporary Turkish context. Whilst the protests were eventually defeated by the state's repressive apparatuses, we can say that there were important lessons about the ideal nature of democratic politics that were learned by the protesting opposition. A central focus of the discussion is on what can be learned through the trajectory of an event. The article contrasts the principles underpinning the nation-state mentality with those that may be produced in the urban space and context.


Practical Tourism Demand is a book about "applying statistical principles, observation, and reason to forecasting tourism demand" (p. xvii). It is an introduction to various forecasting methods that are available to anyone interested in forecasting future demand for a tourism product and is designed "to provide the basic and practical understanding of demand forecasting that tourism managers, marketers, planners and researchers will need to thrive in the decade ahead" (p. 1). Frechtling provides a foundation for understanding the various forecasting methods that are presently available and "encourages the reader to try his or her hand at forecasting some aspect of tourism demand" (p. 2). The book is a wonderful source of information on tourism demand forecasting methodology. Frechtling obviously writes from a wealth of personal experience and makes concepts and ideas that might initially appear intricate very understandable. His approach to future demand forecasting is very realistic: "the future is somewhat predictable and somewhat alterable implying sound forecasts are useful and feasible" (p. 6). The book is divided in 10chapters. The first chapter offers a discussion on the scope of tourism, the importance of demand forecasting, the author's views on the difficulties and uses of tourism demand forecasting, and the consequences of poor forecasting. In chapter 2 the various methods of tourism demand forecasting are described. It presents the reader with the means to evaluate the results and accuracy of various tourism forecasting methods. The author broadly divides these into quantitative and qualitative methods. He then subdivides the quantitative methods into extrapolative and causal techniques, and highlights the delphi method, the consumer intentions survey, the subjective probability assessment, and the jury of executive opinion as examples of qualitative forecasting methods. In chapter 3, Frechtling discusses the tourism forecasting process in detailed, sequential steps: step 1, design; step 2, specification; step 3, implementation; and step 4, evaluation. He looks at the methods and models that are available to forecasters and describes evaluation standards and criteria for judging the quality of data. Chapters 4 through 6 discuss various extrapolative techniques, ranging from fairly simple time series models to the more complex Box-Jenkins technique. In all of the chapters, the author uses a time series of demand for commerciallodging in the Washington, D.C., area as an instructional tool and as an example of how to apply the various methods discussed. In chapters 7 and 8 the emphasis is on causal rather than extrapolative methodology. Frechtling details the value of regression analysis in forecasting demand and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of structural models. Chapter 9 highlights the qualitative or "judgmental" methods mentioned earlier and looks at occasions in which these might be appropriate, such as a lack of historical data, unreliable or invalid times series, or a rapidly changing macroenvironment. The author discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these forecasting methods and takes the reader through the various steps in each of the processes. In the concluding chapter the author looks at what other researchers have said over time about tourism demand forecasting in the form of 14 generalizations, and he finishes by giving us some of his own: "Tourism demand is as much an art as it is a science.... [It] is a diverse, dynamic, changeable process that rewards the quick and observant but leaves the careless and inattentive behind" (pp. 211-12). Practical Tourism Forecasting is not well suited for those that do not have somewhat of a statistical background, and its level of discussion goes beyond that of many tourism textbooks. Yet, it is ideally suited for scholars in tourism and tourism-related fields and industry and government executives. It should grace the bookshelf of anyone involved and interested in forecasting tourism demand.


Moveable barrier apparatus is disclosed for use in con trolling traffic along parallel lanes of a roadway. The apparatus includes clongate channels which are em bedded in the roadway transversely of the lanes at spaced-apart positions. Carrier cars are mounted by roller bearings for movement lengthwise within each channel, and posts which are mounted on the cars extend upwardly above the roadway through slots formed along the channels. An elongate upstanding barrier is mounted on the posts to form a divider be tween adjacent lanes of the roadway. Actuators are mounted in each of the channels for moving the cars and posts lengthwise of the channels for selectively changing the transverse position of the barrier. In one embodiment the actuator comprises a single hydraulic ram, and in another embodiment the actuator com prises a pair of telescoping hydraulic rams positioned on opposite sides of the car within the channel. A lane transition zone is provided in which the actuators are operated through differential strokes so that the lane division defined by the barrier follows a curved or slanted path. In the transition zone sliding joints are provided to accommodate displacement of the ends of the barrier sections relative to the posts. The control means for conjointly operating the actuators includes a parallel fluid circuit. Releasable connectors are pro vided in the circuit to facilitate coupling with a mobile source of fluid pressure.


growth of organisms. Force fluids in large quantities. Kidney complications are not caused by the area burned but by streptococcus infection taken up from wounds. This absorption causes inflammation and damages kidney function. It is therefore of maximum importance to keep the burned areas picked and drained. If treatment is properly carried out and sepsis controlled there is little or no scarring. Gentian violet has been most successful in cases not previously treated in any other manner. Acid alcohol will remove any stains but it has been found that tincture of larkspur will remove gentian violet from the body and not sting as does acetic acid. It can be used to wipe off gentian violet from painted furniture with little or no damage. We have removed fairly new stains from linen by moistening with the tincture of larkspur and rubbing it out. It has been very successful so far with small stains and deserves a trial before anything else is used.


Strengthening Academic Links and Internationalising Research: Leeds Researchers Participated in the UK-China Researcher Links International Conference Held at Jinan University, China in July 2016


As a course, the history of mathematics has been listed as a part of the professional curriculum system by more and more colleges and universities in China. To realize the all-round development of human beings, we should explore ways to cultivate students' learning ability, carry out quality education and cultivate their learning accomplishment to the present "core accomplishment". It not only marks the achievements of educational reform in different stages, but also reflects the process of continual integration of China's education with other countries in the world from theoretical research to reform practice. Based on the study of the curriculum setting, the value of curriculum objectives, the selection of curriculum contents and the history of development of mathematics history in Chinese universities, this paper puts forward the idea of mathematics culture as the foundation and the cultivation of rational spirit. The presentation of core literacy goals highlights the key competencies and personality developments that result from acquiring knowledge. It will also prompt us to think about how to define the objectives of the teacher education curriculum based on core literacy, how to construct the curriculum system, how to choose the teaching content and methods, and how to improve the evaluation methods.


Anecdotal reports and recent reviews assert that expert systems are potentially useful decision aids in human resource management. This study examines the effects of an expert system designed to aid employees when they make their choices in a flexible bellcfit program. A four group quasi-field experimental design is used to examine the relative effects of the expert system compared to a conventional spreadsheet decision aid. Eighty employees at an NCR-ATT: LY Vi MARTIN P. CATHERWOOD UHk,',' NEW YORK STAT£ SCHOOL INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS Cornell University Expert systems are gaining increased attention as potential decision aids in human resource management. Anecdotal accounts describe expert system applications (Kirrane & Kirrane, 1990) ranging from employee selection (Mau & Smeltzer, 1989) job analysis (Green, 1987), employee scheduling (McMillan, 1989), to performance appraisal and pay decisions (Robert, 1988). In a recent personnel research review, Lawler (1992) described expert systems and the mpre inclusive concept, artificial intelligence. He notes that expert system are dei.ductive artificial intelligence applications which model the decision making of individuals designated as experts with specialized knowledge. Recently, a special issue of 0 B H D P was also devoted to expert systems research, although the articles were primarily directed at understanding how experts think and decide rather than focusing on the behavioral aspects of . system design or analyzing the systems' effects on human behavior (Shanteau & Stewart, 1992). Topics ranged from a weather forecasting applications to questions directed specifically at understanding expertise. Much of the attention in the computer and decision science literature is devoted to research on managerial expert systems. This work focuses on expert system feasibility (Goul & Tong, 1987), case studies describing applications (Sviokla, 1990), issues related to user interfaces (Lamberti & Wallace, 1990), and the evaluation of alternative methods of knowledge acquisition and representation (Lenk & Floyd, 1988; Liang, 1992; Mendel & Sheridan, 1989; Tou, 1985; Wright & Ayton, 1987). Very little has been reported about the effects of expert systems on the individuals using them. Our study explores the answers to two questions about expert system effects. Do expert systems affect individuals' decisions? And are the attitudes of individuals using expert systems affected?


The government of Botswana had to strike a fine balance between not isolating the liberation movements, not letting them use Botswana as a military base and not appearing to harbour 'terrorists'. The government realised that overtly supporting the liberation movements was potentially suicidal, for the country could easily be punished by South Africa: trade links could be severed and communication networks paralysed. The settler regimes did try to infiltrate and weaken the liberation movements in Botswana and carried out acts such as kidnapping, intimidation and deportation, to try to prevent the liberation movements from threatening the status quo in southern Africa. Using evidence from the Botswana National Archives, oral interviews, and newspaper reports, the article examines the means the Botswana government adopted to deal with the situation and safeguard the security of its citizens.


PURPOSE: A lithographic apparatus having parts with a coated film adhered thereto is provided to blocks the passage of ultraviolet wavelength causing the partial loss of a lithography apparatus by applying an adhesive film supporting coating. CONSTITUTION: In a lithographic apparatus having parts with a coated film adhered thereto, various hoses are formed in the top side of a substrate support(WT). A transmission image sensor(2), a spot sensor(3), and an integrated lens interferometer are formed around the holes. An adhesive film(5) supports a functional coating(6). The adhesive film coats the top side of a substrate support frame excepting a recess(1). The adhesive film is formed in the adhesive film.


The free volume of octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OPS) modified polyurethane prepared from different dispersion method was investigated using Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The relationships of free volume and mechanical property were analyzed. Our results showed that OPS decreased the original free volume hole size and fraction, but varied with the dispersion method. For the sonication dispersion samples, the tensile was conform to the free volume fraction, while the elongation at break was against the free volume hole size. In the high shear dispersion process, the tensile increased and no apparent change was seen on the elongation at break.


Objective To investigate the three dimensional structure of normal and cancerous female mammary duct and acinus system. Methods The samples of breast from 21 patients with breast carcinoma and 2 biopsied subjects to study the resin cast on female mammary duct and acinus system. Results Every mammary duct system are made up by many times bifurcated branches of lactiferous duct as a duct tree. 90% of the bifurcation was Y shape, rarely with 6 bifurcated branches. Only a few acini were found on the duct tree of non lactation period. The duct tree which was infiltrated by breast carcinoma showed branches deformity and decreased,break off of the aside duct with irregular borders, outflow of filling materialdue to the cancerous perforation, irregulation and lumbrical tortuosity. The wall of the infiltrated duct showed change of sawtoothlike and toruliform. The neighbor duct tree of some other infiltrated ducts showed obvious hyperplasia, tortuosity, the number of acinus increased and grouped as an irregular lump. It showed a character of carcinoma infiltration and hyperplasia ectasia coexistence. Conclusion The resin cast of mammary duct and acins system creates favorable conditions for studying the three dimensional structure of mammary duct and acinus system. From the morphological view, there may exist some relationship between cystic hyperplasia of breast and carcinoma of breast.


A nano-structured titanium coating was obtained by alkali treating the plasma sprayed samples following hot water immersing for 24 hours. The influences of the surface microstructure on the biological performance were studied. The proliferation and differentiation of the human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) were obviously higher on the nano-structured surface than which on the as-sprayed one. A canine model was applied for in vivo evaluation of the bone bonding ability of the coatings. The histological examination demonstrated that more new bone was formed on the nano-structured coating implants and grew more rapidly into the porosity. After 4 weeks implantation, the nano-structured coating implants were found to appose directly to the surrounding bone while a gap could still be observed at the interface between the as-sprayed coating implants and bone. All these results illustrate that the surface microstructure plays a key role on the response of the osteoblasts and bone bonding of the implants.


The creation of the pure holding company Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann (PUK) in the early 1970's gave rise to an industrial colossus comprised of a parent company that held a myriad of interests and controlled a great number of subsidiaries. Drawing from PUK's archives, the article seeks to ascertain whether the creation of this industrial giant was followed by the setup of a dedicated structure for the group's management and whether new management mechanisms were introduced. Study of the archives shows that PUK's executive management attached special importance to a support service: the Audit and consolidated accounts department. This department was soon given computer resources to make consolidation procedures automatic, as well as additional personnel. It provided executive management with the consolidated accounting and financial information needed to see the big picture of the group's activities. For that purpose, it produced an original overview document, the "grey brochure," which compiled all accounting data across the group. The article describes and analyses the contents of the "grey brochure" in order to highlight its quality as a management tool for restricted use by the principal executives of the PUK group.


Despite the shocking topic in The Goat or Who is Sylvia?, the play deals with Edward Albee's old themes about the nature of love and understanding as well as the false values that replace the real ones in American society as he stated in the preface to The American Dream. This paper examines how Albee presents the false values and how they affect the different relationships in the play. The paper also discusses why the subtitle, Notes Toward a Definition of Tragedy, is valid for the play. The Goat is not as concerned with bestiality as it seems. Martin's relationship with Sylvia, a goat, is unlike any relationship that Martin has had with people, including his wife. Ross and Stevie miss the major point in Martin's description of his encounter with Sylvia because they have not had such spiritual experiences as Martin has had. Sylvia and bestiality have metaphorical meanings. Sylvia is a metaphor for an object of love that helps Martin or anyone to achieve an enlightenment or a spiritual awareness. The act of bestiality is a metaphor for spiritual communion--Martin states that he loves Sylvia's soul. Ross and Stevie lack the experiences to understand Martin's experience with "holy, fair, and wise" Sylvia and consequently take actions which lead to a destructive and disastrous resolution. Ross reveals Martin's affairs with Sylvia to Stevie, and Stevie slays Sylvia whom she considers to be her rival. Even though Martin's relationship with Sylvia and Stevie's action cause sadness, Sylvia's death or Martin's downfall are not the major tragic elements. Rather, Ross's betrayal of Martin's friendship and Stevie's revenge on Sylvia are reminiscent of American society where people are intolerant of those who do not fit their standards. In other words, it is tragic to live in a society which is deprived of spiritual values and lacks understanding. Albee attacks Ross and Stevie who represent the ordinary and normal people of the society, and sympathizes with Martin who searches for the answers to life's questions, seems to find it, and loses it again in the end.


A new scheme of implementing the SPWM natural sampling is proposed.The strategy can produce triangular-carriers and sinusoidal modulation wave with steady frequency using the DDS devices directly.After compared with the high-speed analog comparator,the output state can reverse automatically at the time of wave intersection,thus the on/off control of the power devices can be realized,so the real-time calculation is avoided completely.Taking the three-phase SPWM circuit as the example,the paper introduces the realization principle of the scheme and the hardware and the software design.The signals' wave showed the effect of the scheme.The system takes the high-speed micro controller as a core,and can realize the online adjustment of the output frequency and the carrier ratio conveniently.Using the different peripheral circuit,many kinds of PWM circuit control can be realized.


The parents of Kenjiandou41 soybean, released in 2006 by Heilongjiang August first land reclamation university were Suinong14 (female) and Hefeng25 (male). They had good characteristics with early maturing, high yield, good quality, disease resistant, wide adaptation and good general character. And the cultivation technique of Kenjiandou41 was discussed. The yield of Kenjiandou41 generally ranged from 3 000 to 3 450 kg/hm2, an increasing rate of 8.8% than Jinfeng 7 was got. It's oil content was 22.21%. Kenjiandou41 would be one of the main planted varieties in Heilongjiang province.


Based on the continuous advance of the general technology standard in the domestic pressure vessel industry,tocuses concerning the steel pressure vessels processing were analyzed systemically,and the relationship between technical specifications、national standards and industry standards should be dealt with properly.An effctive design references of steel pressure vessels were provided for designers.


Objectives: To validate a novel speech audiometry method using customized self-voice recorded word lists with automated scoring. Patients and methods: The self-voice effect was investigated by comparing results with prerecorded or self-recorded CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) word lists. Then customized lists of 3-phoneme words were drawn up using the OTOSPEECH software package, and their scores were compared to those for reference lists. Finally, the customized list scores were compared on automated (Dynamic Time Warping [DTW]) versus manual scoring. Results: Self-voice did not change scores for perception of CVC words at 10, 20 and 30 dB (ANOVA > 0.05). Scores obtained with pre-recorded and self-recorded lists correlated (n = 10, R2 = 0.76, P < 0.01). Customized list scores correlated strongly with the reference cochlear lists of Lafon in normal-hearing (n = 77, 2 2 R = 0.83, P < 0.001) and hearing-impaired populations (n = 13, R = 0.89, P < 0.001). Results on the automated and manual scoring methods correlated in both populations (n = 77, R2 = 0.71, P < 0.01; and n = 13, R2 = 0.76, P < 0.01, respectively), with DTW scores ranging from 24.17 to 53.24. Conclusions: Automated scoring of customized self-voice recorded lists for speech audiometry displayed results similar to conventional audiometric techniques. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.


An instrument that facilitates bending with large degrees of articulation while maintaining ease of manufacturing for medical and surgical applications is discussed. The instrument having a bending section comprises a rod having an approximately cylindrical outer circumference and a non-cylindrical pathway through the entire rod. Sections along the length of the rod, wherein material is removed forming a plurality of partial voids such that the partial voids permit bending of the rod. The non-cylindrical pathway is capable of carrying at least one ancillary component in proximity to a neutral axis along the length of the cylindrical rod, and an off-axis actuation wire in proximity to the top portion along the length of the rod.


Methotrexate (MTX) is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, its ability to suppress macrophage derived proinflammatory cytokines has not been explained. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of high-dose MTX on the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) High-dose MTX reduced significantly both the incidence/severity of CIA and the serum levels of IgG anti-CII. Surprisingly, macrophages obtained from MTX-treated mice and stimulated in vitro with LPS produced more TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12p40 than the control cells. MTX added in vitro to peritoneal macrophages did not affect the cytokine production. However, incubation of proliferating RAW 264.7 macrophages with MTX resulted in severe suppression of all proinflammatory cytokines tested. In conclusion MTX treatment markedly ameliorates arthritis while it does not suppress the cytokine release from peritoneal macrophages. In vitro study indicates that MTX can inhibit the cytokine production if target cells proliferate.


Actuality of the subject depends on the inexhaustibility of high qualities of Mozart's work. Immersion in compositions by the famous Viennese leads to new investigations and marvelous ideas in composition. The problem of the research is insufficient knowledge on phenomena of combinatorial devices on the syntax's and composition levels. The object of the research: musical combinatoria in its different manifests. The subject of the research: methods of organizing a composition with the help of the combinatorial devices in clavier sonatas by Mozart. The aim of the research: discovering mechanisms of constructing the form in Mozart's clavier sonatas dealing with Ars Combinatoria, the teaching of the 18 th century. The purposes of the research are: a) to point out in Mozart's work pieces composed under influence of traditional approaches to combinatoria; b) to name Mozart's sonatas dealing with Ars Combinatoria; c) to create schemes of structures in sonata forms of pointed out Mozart's sonata cycles; to analyze individual peculiarities of Mozart's combinatoria. Methods of the research: musical analysis, comparative analysis. Scientific novelty consists in stating combinatorial peculiarities in composition of Mozart's clavier sonatas becoming apparent on syntax and composition levels, that where not noticed before. There are 4 divisions in the article: stating the problem, historical, theoretical and resuming. In the first division the actuality of the subject, the role of Larissa Gerver as the first home researcher, who created a new trend in art knowledge are defined, and the goal of the research is formulated. In the second division the teaching of Ars Combinatoria that influenced Mozart is looked through with the culturological approach. The early concerts (KV 37, KV 39-41, KV 107), "Anleitung zur Componiren von Walzern" published anonymously in 1793 are named as the examples of his interest in combinatoria in composition. In the theoretical division that is the main one, firstly, the clavier sonatas with examples of Mozart's combinatorial technique are named, then structures in movements of KV 311, KV 330 and KV 333 are analyzed and compared. In the resuming division conclusions on evergreen actuality of a research in Mozart's work, iniquity of his interpretation of combinatorial abilities in composition on its three levels, that forms one of the main features of the composer's style, as well as on the characteristic features of the sonata form in the pieces dealing with Ars Combinatoria, are made.