In a telecommunication network, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) is the problem of finding lightpaths for incoming connection requests. When facing a dynamic traffic, greedy assignment of lightpaths to incoming requests based on predefined deterministic policies leads to a fragmented network that cannot make use of its full capacity because of stranded bandwidth. At this point, service providers try to recover the capacity via a defragmentation process. We study this setting from two perspectives: (i) while granting the connection requests via the RWA problem and (ii) during the defragmentation process by lightpath rerouting. For both problems, we present the first two-stage stochastic integer programming model incorporating incoming request uncertainty to maximize the expected grade of service. We develop a decomposition-based solution approach, which uses various relaxations of the problem and a newly developed problem-specific cut family. Simulation of two-stage policies for a variety of instances in a rolling-horizon framework of 52 stages shows that our stochastic models provide high-quality solutions when compared with traditionally used deterministic ones. Specifically, the proposed provisioning policies yield improvements of up to 19% in overall grade of service and 20% in spectrum saving, while the stochastic lightpath rerouting policies grant up to 36% more requests, using up to just 4% more bandwidth spectrum. Summary of Contribution: For handling the intrinsic uncertainty of demand in the telecommunications industry, this paper proposes novel stochastic models and solution methodology for two fundamental problems in telecommunications at operational level: (i) routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) and (ii) lightpath rerouting problem. Despite the vast literature on the RWA problem, stochastic optimization has not been considered as a viable solution for resource allocation in optical networks. We propose two-stage stochastic programming models for both problems and design efficient decomposition-based solution methods that use various relaxations of the models and a new family of cutting planes. Our extensive and rigorous numerical experiments show the significant merit of incorporating uncertainty into decision making, as well as the effectiveness of the decomposition framework and our newly designed family of cuts in enhancing the solvability of both models. This work opens new avenues to explore where the powerful stochastic programming literature can be leveraged to make operational decisions in telecommunications problems, a field that currently relies mostly on deterministic and heuristic solution methods.


the paper contains only results of experimental studies concerning the strengthening curve of the steel species 34gs and st3sx, extended at very low speeds load at 20oC. the conducted research has shown that in steel 34gs exists limit speed loading at which the steel strengthening beyond the yield point proceeds in steps, with successively plastic flow separated by threshold stress.


SUMMARY This paper examines the link between poverty and land management within the context of New Zealand's almost total removal of subsidies to agriculture since 1984. The impact of these policy changes is explored through the findings from a detailed study of sixteen farms in the North Island hill country. Stress is identified as a primary link between social damage and environmental degradation. This link reinforces the impact of other linkages expressed in reduced production, lower stocking rates, and reduced capital inputs. Deregulation is claimed to be good. This paper shows that in certain circumstances this is not so.


The quality of the die bonding is critical to the operation and reliability of the laser diodes since it can affect the electrical, thermal, and optical properties of the device. We investigated the effect of mounting induced strain and defects on the performance of high power laser. In this paper measurements of the temperature distribution, the spontaneous emission spectrum and the electroluminescence along the cavity of quantum well lasers are presented. The electro-optical parameters of the high output power laser diodes, such as emission wavelength, output power, threshold current, slope efficiency, and operating lifetime are presented too. In the experiment, high power diode lasers emitting in 808 nm and 880 nm- range are investigated. We have observed that defect lines tend to create in areas where temperature gradients were observed in thermovision measurements.


Objective To investigate the constitution of college students in Liaoning Province Methods The data of the three national surveys on college students' constitution held 1985~1999 and the surveys of college students held in Lioaning province 1985~1999 were collected and analyzed Results The average height of male college students the nation wide and in 1995 was 0 34 cm greater that that in 1985,and the average heigght of female college students the nation wide was 0 10 cm greatewr that that in 1985 (all P0 05) The average height of male college students in Liaoning measured in 1995 was 2 5 cm greater that that in 1985,and the average height of female college students in Liaoning in 1995 was 1 45 cm greatewr that that in 1985 (all P0 05) The difference of height increase among college students between Liaoning and the whole China was statistically significant (P0 01 for 1985, P0 05 for 1995) The average weight of male and female college students the nation wide in 1995 was 1 59 kg and 0 09 kg greater than that in 1985 respectively (P0 05 and P0 05) The average weight of male and female college students in Liaoning in 1995 was 6 68 kg and 2 14 kg greater than those in 1985 respectively (all P0 05) The difference of weight increase among college students between Liaoning and the whole China was statistically significant (P0 01 for 1985, P0 05 for 1995) The chest circumference of male college students the nation wide and in Liaoning was 1 05 cm and 3 31 cm less those in 1985 respectively (P0 01) The chest circumferences of female college students the nation wide and in Liaoning were 0 33 cm and 0 81 cm less than those in 1985 respectively (P0 01) The average chest circumference of female college students in Liaoning was 79 26±5 23 cm, larger than that in 1985, however, still less than that in 1985 The average vital capacity of male college students in 1999 was 263 1 ml and 1 95 ml less than the values in 1985 for the whole nation and Liaoning respectively (both P0 01) The average vital capacity of female college students in 1999 was 199 8 ml and 50 32 ml less than the values in 1985 for the whole nation and Liaoning respectively (both P0 01) The scores of running and long jump in 1999 were significantly lower than those in 1985 for both male and female college students in the whole country and in Liaoning Conclusion The height amd weight of both male and female college students in the whole country and in Liaoning in 1990s is greater than those in 1980s However, the chest circumference, vital capacity, physical strength, and stamina of college students worsen It is necessary to improve the constitution of college students


Micro‐segregation in high Nb‐containing TiAl alloys usually causes the inhomogeneous of microstructure and the initiation of microcracks. In this paper, a novel two‐step heat treatment (HT) approach is proposed based on the phase transformation sequence to remove the micro‐segregation. In the first step, Ti–45Al–8.5Nb–0.2W–0.2B–0.02Y alloy is annealed in 1470 °C for 30 min to eliminate the solidification segregation and reduce the stability of β phase. The alloy is then cooled to 1340 °C, slightly above the α + β transus (Tα + β) for about 60 min in order to remove the β‐segregation. Results show that the homogeneity of the lamellar colony is improved after the two‐step HT.


Myelodys plastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous clonal disorders ranging from indolent conditions with a near-normal life expectancy to forms approaching acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Comorbid conditions have rarely been systematically studied among patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Older age per se has a negative impact on survival of MDS patients, in particular of those with lower risk.78. However, age indirectly affects also the survival of higher-risk patients by limiting their eligibility to intensive treatments. In addition, aging is associated with an increasingly high risk of developing comorbidity, and a high prevalence of co-morbid diseases has indeed been reported in MDS patients. Poly pharmacy and the impact of multi morbidities / comorbidities in patients with low risk MDS patients is poorly explored topic, thereby in this study we focused on medications, multi morbidities and comorbidities of 155 low risk MDS patients followed in our Haematological University Hospital.


The notes are concerned with the famous Christensen-Evans theorem characterising generators of norm continuous completely positive semigroups on C∗-algebras. A full(ish) proof is given. In these notes we are interested in properties of generators of semigroups of operators on operator algebras satisfying certain algebraic properties. Let us start with quoting the fundamental result on generators of homomorphisms: Theorem 0.1. Let B be a Banach algebra, {Pt : t ≥ 0} a c0-semigroup on B. The following are equivalent: (i) each Pt is a homomorphism; (ii) the generator L of {Pt : t ≥ 0} is a derivation, that is Dom(L) is a subalgebra of B and for all a, b ∈ Dom(L) L(ab) = aL(b) + L(a)b. Characterisation of all derivations is a difficult (if not hopeless) task. Further we are interested in the bounded case, but instead of looking at homomorphisms we will extend the context to (completely) positive semigroups. Further A will usually denote a C∗-algebra, and M will be used for von Neumann algebras. The notation E is used for the ultraweak closure of a set E ⊂ B(h) (or the usual norm closure if E is a subset of h). 1. Algebraic properties of generators of norm continuous (completely) positive semigroups Let us start discussing the basic algebraic properties of generators of positive semigroups. Fix for this section a C∗-algebra A. Lemma 1.1. Let L : A → A be bounded and real (the latter means that L(a∗) = L(a)∗ for all a ∈ A). The following are equivalent: (i) the semigroup generated by L is positive (i.e. consists of positive operators); (ii) L is conditionally positive: for all a, b ∈ A if ab = 0 then b∗L(a∗a)b ≥ 0; Additionally, if A is unital they are also equivalent to the condition (iii) for all a ∈ Ah L(a) + aL(1)a ≥ L(a)a+ aL(a). Proof. The implication (i)⇒(ii) is trivial; (ii)⇒(i) may be proved via looking at the resolvent family. To deduce (iii) from (i) one considers the (unital) semigroup generated by L′ = L+ {− 1 2L(1), ·}. The Kadison-Schwarz inequality for the latter yields the desired inequality. Finally the implication (iii)⇒(ii) may be deduced by working with states on A and applying several times Schwarz inequality.


Consider an l c r   contingency table that cross-classifies a multinomial sample on three categorical responses. When there is no three-fa ctor interaction, likelihood ratio test is often used to test the hypothesis concerning a specific two-factor interaction. Presently we use an alternative test to test the hypothesis. It is found that the size of the alternative test under the null hypothe sis tends to be closer to the target value than that of the likelihood ratio test. Logistic function is an S-shape function used frequently for analyzing the dependence of binary response on explanatory variables. Presently we model the binary response using a family of S-shape functions which includes the logistic function as a special case. Bootstrap procedure, normal approximation and calibrated bootstrap are used to construct confidence intervals for the individual parameters in the resulting model. It is found that the bootstrap confidence interval and the confidence interval based on normal approximation have comparable performance, and calibration procedure tends to improve the coverage probability of the bootstrap confidence interval. We also propo se a new model for multicategory ordinal data. Similar procedures are also used to construct confidence intervals for the individual parameters in the model. The performance of the resulting confidence intervals is found to be similar to those of the confidence intervals constructed for the case of binary response.


Japanese macaques form a matrilineal, multi-male, multi-female group. In such a group, motivation to contact group members should differ among age-sex classes. Wild Japanese macaques emit coo call frequently and thereby maintain spatial cohesiveness of the group. The rate of coo calls can differ among age-sex classes reflecting their motivation of contacting group members. In this study, we examined the difference in the rate of coo call and the rate of the vocal response from the other group members among different age-sex classes, in the wild groups of Japanese macaques on Yakushima Island, Japan. Overall, adult females and juveniles of both sexes emitted coo calls more frequently than adult males. Adult females and males called more frequently when they were separated from group members. In contrast, juveniles called similarly frequently either when they were separated from group members or when they were close to them. Adult females and males were responded vocally more often than juveniles. These results suggest that adult females and juveniles are highly motivated to contact others. However, juveniles call frequently even when the group is cohesive and this may result in the lower response rate from group members. In contrast, adult males are less motivated to contact group members, probably because of their peripheral nature in the group. However, the high response rates to adults' calls suggest that the other group members are motivated to contact adult females and males.


From the contents: Informatics and the Internal Necessity for the Mathematization of the Sciences A New Semi-infinite Programming Method for Nonlinear Approximation Concavity of the Vector-Valued Functions Occuring in Fuzzy Multiobjective Decision-Making An Algortihm for the Solution of the Parametric Quadratic Programming Problem Optimal and Asymptotically Optimal Equi-partition of Rectangular Domains via Stripe Decomposition Trust-Region Interior-Point Algortihms for Minimization Problems with Simple Bounds Adaptivce Kernel Estimation of a Cusp-shaped Mode Automatic Differentiation: The Key Idea and an Illustrative Example An Approach to Parallelizing Isotonic Regression A SQP-Method for Linearly Constrained Maximum Likelihood Problems Machine Learning via Polyhedral Concave Minimization Optimization Concepts in Autonomous Mobile Platform Design A Fuzzy Set Approach for Optimal Positioning of a Mobile Robot Using Sonor Data Gradient Computation by Matrix Multiplication Simulating Ultrasonic Range Sensors on a Transputer Workstation Large-Scale Global Optimization on Transputer-Networks.


The effects of the feed composition on the energy-saving efficiency of the thermally coupled distillation are researched in benzene-toluene-xylene system by process simulation.The results of simulation show that when the light-key component of the feed is the most,the energy-saving efficiency of the three thermally coupled distillation is high,and TCS thermally coupled distillation is the best in the three flows and its energy-saving efficiency reaches the maximum value of 33.8%.


Old trees are economy resources as well as environment resources and culture resources. It is stated that under the condition of enforcing the strength of protection and beginning the management of communities stress be put on old trees resources' development of many dimensions, including no-timber products, species resources and ecological culture tourism.


Objectives: The increasing trend in aging population raises the need to pay attention to the daily activities of the elderly and their social support as an effective factor in promoting their health. This study aims to investigate the correlation of perceived social support and demographic variables with the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in older adults living in rural communities in Iran. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional design conducted on 430 elderly people aged ≥60 years living in a rural community in Iran (Bayza county located 45 km away from Shiraz city) who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Procidano & Heller's Perceived Social Support - Family Scale (PSS-Fa) and the ADL scale for the elderly were used for data collection. The ADL questionnaire's internal consistency by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.96. The PSS-Fa with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranging from 0.88 to 0.91 has acceptable internal consistency. The reliability of its Persian version using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 87%. Data were analyzed in SPSS V. 25 software using multivariate ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: The mean±SD age of the participants was 69.67±7.067 years. The mean score of PSS-Fa and the ADL scale was reported 16.55± 5.16 and 55.10±3.07, respectively. Perceived social support, education and age had significant effect correlation with the ability to perform ADL in the elderly (P<0.001), while marital status and gender showed no significant correlation (P>0.05). The age factor was inversely correlated with the ability to perform ADL; hence, the independence of older adults decreases with the increase of age. Conclusion: Many demographic variables and social support affect the ability to perform ADL in the elderly. Social support can be used as a social investment to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, considering that one of the duties of health care providers is to improve the health status of the elderly, it is necessary for health care providers to increase social support and maintain and promote a healthy and active life for them through educational programs and periodic physical examinations.


Three genera viz. Riccia, Plagiochasma and Targionia were studied biochemically. It was found that amount of total chlorophylls and polyphenol content is more in Targionia as compared to Riccia and Plagiochasma Flavonoids are also studied adopting chromatography technique and when the spots viewed under UV were found to be of similar type in Riccia, and Plagiochasma, whereas Targionia showed the present of only one spot ,identical to the second spot isolated in Riccia, and Plagiochasma
Keywords: Biochemical, Riccia, Plagiochasma, Targionia, pigments, phenolics.


The chapter focuses on the issues concerning corporate governance in emerging markets, with a case study on Romania…Its complex structure covers the ways in which corporate governance is defined by specialists, the historical aspects concerning its appearance and development in the European Union (EU), with direct reference to Romania's situation, the links between its quality and the firm's performance, the existing corporate governance models, as well as the characteristics of corporate governance in Romania. The study also provides a relevant and up-to-date picture in regard to the rules and regulations that dominate the Romanian corporate governance environment and offers, in turn, possible practical suggestions in order to help improve the existing laws.In an equal manner, it combines theories, practices and cases and addresses both academics and practitioners.


The over-wearing of cylinder liner determines the life of internal combustion engines. In this paper, the mechanisms of liner wearing and gas leakage were analyzed and a mathematics formula between gas leakage and cylinder pressure was given. The prediction model for wearing life of cylinder liner in internal combustion engine was put forward. In addition, a program for predicting the remained working life of engine was edited. The engine life can be predicted through measuring the cylinder pressure and the feasibility was verified through analyzing 100 units of diesel engine.


. We present a short proof of the following natural extension of Wright's famous 3 / 2-stability theorem: the conditions τ ≤ 3 / 2 , c ≥ 2 imply the presence of the positive traveling fronts (not necessarily monotone) u = φ ( x · ν + ct ) , | ν | = 1 , in the delayed KPP-Fisher equation u t ( t,x ) = Δ u ( t,x )+ u ( t,x − u ( t − τ,x , u ≥ 0 , x ∈ R m .


Do directors of psychology training programs consider whether program applicants and students possess essential moral character and psychological fitness characteristics? A survey revealed that directors of clinical training (DCTs) in clinical and counseling psychology training programs are very concerned about both character and fitness. DCTs reported that evidence accrued during interviews and from undergraduate references is most salient preadmission and that behavior in the program and in clinical situations is most meaningful postadmission. The authors highlight the practices and perspectives of DCTs when it comes to evaluating character and fitness and conclude with several recommendations for training programs, licensing boards, and psychology training organizations.


The motivation kit was primarily designed for use by health personnel being trained under Thailands project family planning communication development and integrated campaigns. The objectives of conducting this pretesting exercise were to: pretest the overall kit and its individual components with the health personnel who would be the primary users; and to pretest the motivation kit and all the components with the intended audience i.e. family planning acceptors and potential acceptors. The pretest audience was divided into 2 groups: health personnel and members of the potential audience. Pretests were conducted in the Northeast the Northern Region the Southern Region and the Central and Northern Regions. Results of the 1st round of pretesting in the Northeast revealed that there were a great many revisions to be made before any further pretesting could be attempted. Such revisions dealt not only with actual medical/technical accuracy but also with such aspects as the effects of sequencing of the material presented in the flipchart vocabulary usage and so forth. As mobile units were already in actual use in the North it was suggested by the communication program planner responsible for this project that 5 additional kits be prepared for pretesting by selected mobile unit staff with considerable field experience. Analysis of the results of the 2nd pretest yielded rather crude quantitative data insufficient to form the basis for any revisions. It was agreed that the original pretest staff would participate in any further pretesting. Following revisions based on data from the 1st round of pretesting additional kits were taken for pretesting in the South of Thailand. Because the revisions were based/obtained from pretesting in the Northeast and then further verified through analysis of medical illustrations and texts the content and visuals were found to be very satisfactory both in terms of accuracy and in comprehension with the exception of the section dealing with the injective method (Depo Provera) which was added only before this pretest. The several revisions of the maternal child health flipchart were found to be effective. The content of the wallchart illustrating effects of large families proved to be satisfactory in terms of content and presentation. The revisions on the wallchart summarizing contraceptive methods were satisfactory with the exception of a few words used in the description of the chart. Minor technical errors were corrected on the pelvic model. Ideas were formulated on how the family planning motivation kit handbook should be written.


Calcium (Ca2+) is a mineral vital for a myriad of physiological functions with homeostasis maintained by interactions between intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption and bone mineralization. Intestinal and renal (re)absorption occurs via transcellular and paracellular pathways with the paracellular pathway hypothesized to predominate in both tissues. Paracellular intestinal Ca2+ absorption is thought to occur primarily in the distal small intestine with the colon contributing a negligible amount to overall homeostasis. Claudins are tight junction proteins that confer paracellular permeability properties to epithelia. Claudins‐2 and ‐12 mediate Ca2+ permeability to intestinal and renal epithelial cell models. However, deletion of either claudin in a mouse model does not result in a negative Ca2+ balance, suggesting the compensation of one by the other. We hypothesized, therefore, that claudin‐2 and claudin‐12 form independent cation permeable pores in intestinal and renal epithelium thereby enabling the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis. To test this hypothesis, we generated claudin‐2 and claudin‐12 double knockout mice, which displayed a decreased Ca2+ balance due to reduced intestinal absorption and further increased urinary excretion than single claudin‐2 knockout mice (N.B. claudin‐12 KO mice do not have hypercalciuria). These perturbations resulted in decreased serum ionized Ca2+ and markedly decreased bone mineralization. Moreover, double knockout mice did not have the expected increase in serum 1,25(OH)2‐vitamin D and expression of genes mediating transcellular Ca2+ absorption, which are transcriptionally regulated by vitamin D. However, DKO mice increased serum Ca2+ and urinary Ca2+ excretion in response to calcitriol administration. Consistent with each claudin forming an independent Ca2+ pore, claudin‐2 and claudin‐12 did not co‐immunoprecipitate in cell culture, and colonic Ca2+ permeability of double knockout determined in Ussing chambers mice was further reduced than the individual knockouts. Surprisingly, small bowel Ca2+ permeability was not different from wild‐type in any of the genotypes. Together this data is consistent with claudin‐2 and claudin‐12 independently mediating paracellular colonic Ca2+ absorption and renal Ca2+ reabsorption; processes critical to the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of propranolol taken orally infantile haemangiomas. Methods Between February 2010 and February 2013,40 infants with heamangiomas were used as study group by using propranolol. At a dose of 2.0mg/(kg·d),by dividing into 2 times with continuous medication.The patients were hospitalized for 3 ~4 days.For security, the first day used 1/4 of the full does, the second day used 1/2 of full does,and the third day used the full does. If there was no abnormal phenomena, continued medication with former does after they leaved the hospital. Take a subsequent visit after 2~3 weeks,observing and recording the changes of tumor size, texture and color, the adverse effects after medication were observed and managed accordingly at a regular interval. 32 infants with heamangiomas were used as control group materials by using prednisone. At a dose of 3mg/(kg·d), the next day before 8 am. Taken at a draught. After the treatment between these two groups, the withdrawal indications were the growth of tumor,the shrink and stabilize of tumor or taking time to 6 months. The short-term results were evaluated by using a 4-point scale system(excellent, good, moderate, poor). Results In group of propranplol orally. The overall response of excellent were 12patients(30.00%).good were 21patients(52.50%).moderate were 5 patients(12.50%),poor were 2 patients(5.00%) and the efficiency was82.50%.In control group excellent were 5 patients(15.62%).good were 9 patients(28.12).moderate were 12 patients(37.50%).poor were 6 patients(18.75),and the efficiency was 43.75%.There was significant difference(P 0.05).between these two groups,analysis show that effect and adverse reactions of treatment group was better. There was significant difference(P0.05)of adverse reations rate between the treatment group(82.50%)and control group(43.75 %). Conclusion Oral propranolol is effective for infantile proliferating haemangioma.And the adverse effects are minimal.


Due to the rapid growth of traffic and the increasing demand of network quality of service (QoS) and high throughput in today's 5G networks, load-balancing mechanisms became the main strategy used to enhance network performance and user experience. The use of standard load-balancing methods, however, may hinder the network's ability to achieve QoS goals in terms of resources utilization and latency constraints. In this paper, we study multi-path load balancing in a centralized SDN-based network to achieve the best network performance possible and we propose a multi-path load-balancing mechanism that guarantees a better user experience through optimizing delay, jitter, and the packet-loss rate.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling operation of the HCCI combustion mode operation of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is configured to operate in a homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode. A method for operating an internal combustion engine comprising the active dilution to a pneumatic cylinder firing event for determining a desired cylinder charge. Determining a desired air-fuel ratio, a desired intake air mass and the desired intake air amount of oxygen, to achieve effective for the desired dilution of the inflator combustion event. To adjust the desired difference between the desired and the actual oxygen intake amount of oxygen intake air-fuel ratio, and controls engine operation to achieve a desired air-fuel ratio adjustment.


This paper talks about influence the real right law of people's republic of China will bring on the ship registry system in China and legislation inspiration from the law,and tries to give some advices on Chinese Maritime legislation.


Physical activity elicits physiological responses in skeletal muscle that result in a number of health benefits, in particular in diseases associated with peripheral metabolic dysfunction such as diabetes, heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These diseases have been associated with altered skeletal muscle metabolism and, in some cases, diminished ATP production, decreased mitochondrial content, and a higher proportion of type II fast glycolytic fibre. Exercise training is one intervention that can increase the percentage of oxidative fibres (type I, slow) and have a beneficial impact on these disease states. Several studies have compared the effects of continuous vs. interval training, and have determined that interval training may be the most effective exercise strategy to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and enhance muscle oxidative capacity. The importance of exercise in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism is well appreciated; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial adaptations to exercise remain to be fully understood. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a key factor involved in the regulation of multiple myocellular signalling pathways such as those implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and fibre type expression (Russell et al. 2003). Although muscle contraction is known to strongly modulate PGC-1α expression in human skeletal muscle, little is known about the underlying intracellular mechanisms involved. The differential activation across varying training protocols may shed light onto the regulation of signalling pathways upstream of PGC-1α. This Journal Club article discusses the paper of Egan et al. (2010) published recently in The Journal of Physiology and suggests that differences in fibre type recruitment may explain some of the results.

Egan et al. compared the effects two isocaloric bouts of exercise performed at either low or high intensity on skeletal muscle signalling. Eight sedentary males performed two trials on a stationary ergocycle: the low- and high-intensity exercise consisted of continuous cycling at 40% or 80% of peak oxygen consumption (), respectively, until the caloric expenditure reached 400 kcal (1674 kJ). Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken at rest and at +0, +3 and +19 h after both exercise bouts. The dietary intake during each experimental trial was controlled. PGC-1α mRNA increased 3 h after both exercise bouts; they observed a 3.8-fold increase after low-intensity exercise whereas it increased 10.2-fold after high-intensity training, supporting an intensity-dependent regulation of PGC-1α expression. The authors also explored the signalling pathways upstream of PGC-1α. Protein quantification by immunoblotting revealed a differential activation of multiple signalling pathways involved directly and indirectly in the regulation of PGC-1α transcription. The higher PGC-1α mRNA abundance after high-intensity exercise also coincided with a greater phosphorylation of activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) and of class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins also suggesting that ATF-2 and HDAC proteins were involved in an intensity-dependent manner. The authors concluded that the intensity during a single bout of exercise regulates PGC-1α mRNA abundance by activating selected upstream signalling pathways in human skeletal muscle with an intensity-dependent response.


The cis-trans isomerization of azo chromophores covalently bound to semicrystalline polymer films was investigated. Various azo chromophores were introduced onto the functionalized semicrystalline polymer films by a chemical transformation reaction and their isomerization behavior was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and a contact-angle goniometer. The thermal Z → E isomerization rate of the azo moiety covalently bound to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) films was determined. The rate of thermal isomerization was also compared between amorphous and semicrystalline polymer films bearing azo chromophores. The effect of the intramolecular steric factor and the nature of chromophores was studied on the thermal isomerization rate of the polymer films.


The continuous-time sparse multi-band signal can be acquired with sub-Nyquist rate by modulated wideband converter (MWC), which is a novel sampling technique based on compressed sensing and alleviates the pressure of high sampling rate. The performance of existing reconstruction algorithm for MWC suffers from low probability of successful recovery, especially when the signal noise ratio (SNR) is not high. In this paper, a sparse multi-band signal recovery algorithm based on support refining (SRSR) is proposed for MWC. Particularly, the support refining process is incorporated into the reconstruction stage of MWC. The initial support of the original multi-band signal is firstly acquired by the existing multi measurement vector (MMV) algorithm. Then, the support refining process refines the initial support to extract the inaccurate support information. Finally, the whole recovery algorithm ends up with recovering the remaining support by the existing MMV algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SRSR algorithm improves the success rate of sparse multi-band signal recovery and enables MWC require fewer channels of sampling architecture and lower hardware complexity.


Food wastes are shown as a cost-effective source of added-value products for a wide number of uses. For soluble substances isolated from municipal biowastes, the present chapter reviews work performed in the last 7 years investigating the chemical nature, the physical-chemical properties, and the performance in chemical and environmental technologies, in material chemistry and in agriculture. Very recent unpublished data are also reported to show that ongoing research is a worthwhile effort to realise the full potential of the above refuse-derived biobased products. The available data allow a viable situation to be envisioned where urban waste-treatment plant are turned into biorefinery for the production of energy, chemicals and consumer products with friendly environmental impact. The perspectives for this scenario to become real are discussed.


International economic integration has brought about a dramatic rise not only in the trade in final goods, but also in intermediate goods. Several studies have empirically and theoretically demonstrated that , as importing intermediate inputs implies relevant productivity gains firms can access a larger number of input varieties, a better input quality, and/or a more advanced technology embodied in foreign inputs (Ethier, 1982; Markusen, 1989; Amiti and Konings, 2007; Goldberg et al., 2010).


This article was reviewed by Steven Yeh, MD Imaging modalities have been continuously evolving over the years and becoming more powerful. Fluorescein angiography (FA) is one of the oldest procedures used by ophthalmologists, but its age does not decrease its value.


To assess a creep life of elevated temperature plant components, inspections and analysis are usually focused on the critical locations. In this study, stress analysis of a weld region in branch part of Y-piece was conducted by using a three-dimensional finite element analysis. The stresses at the inner and outer surface in the weld part were estimated by using elastic and elastic-creep analysis. For the elastic-creep analysis two kinds of elastic-creep analysis was conducted. The one was assumed that base and weld material properties were same and the other was that material properties were different between base and weld metal. The material properties of base and weld metal were used from reference data. The results showed the stress relaxation level and its location. The result stresses are also compared with elastic stresses.


We have carried out a concept study for a wide-field monolithic integral field unit (IFU) spectrograph for extremely large telescopes (ELTs). We target in this paper the technological challenges that have to be faced in order to build such an instrument, focusing on the adaptive optics (AO) requirements, the image slicer technology, and the detectors status. We also address the main science drivers, together with the concept design and the expected performance applied to the European-ELT (E-ELT) case. A monolithic wide-field spectrograph provides a continuous field of view (FOV) separated by a field splitter in several subfields, each of them feeding a module featuring an image slicer, a collimator and a spectrograph. The use of image slicers provides 3D spectrographic images of the complete FOV, allowing for detection and study of sources without need of targeting them, a very useful property especially for the deep observation of faint high-redshift objects, whose density on the sky is expected to be quite high. In light of this discussion, we suggest the advantages of using shorter wavelengths and its implication in both the scientific program and the budget.


The usage of small unmanned aerial vehicles has seen a steady increase in recent years, branching out from pure military applications to everyday use. Currently, research is performed at the Chair ...


We have considered an exact ray tracing through freeform lenses by using vectorial Snell's law, assuming a bundle of incident rays propagating along the Z-axis. A preliminary test for Zernike's lenses has been properly implemented.


Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.), Viscum album (L.) and Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) are medicinal plants widely used based on their ethnomedicinal properties in the regulation of blood pressure. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activities and compositional constituents of these plants. The antioxidant potentials were analyzed using DPPH and FRAP assays, while Folin-Ciocalteu method was employed in the determination of the total phenolic antioxidant contents. Compositional analyses of the leave extracts were determined using Gas Chromatograghy-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The total phenolic contents in Bryophyllum pinnatum, Artocarpus altilis and Viscum album were revealed as; 659.50 ±0.02, 1667.50 ±0.03, 1232.00 ±0.02 mg GAE.100 g -1 respectively. Considering the antioxidant activities, Artocarpus altilis leaf extract showed inhibitory activity on DPPH with IC 50 of 2.24 ±0.26 mg.mL -1 , Bryophyllum pinnatum and Viscum album with IC 50 values 3.63 ±0.07 and 4.65 ±0.06  mg.mL -1 respectively.The FRAP in mg.GAE -1 for Artocarpus altilis , Bryophyllum pinnatum and Viscum album revealed; 2505.20 ±0.04, 1561.80 ±0.01 and 1698.00 ±0.03 respectively. GC-MS identified some vital phenolic components and essential fatty acids in the plants. The findings therefore suggest that; the plants if properly utilized, it could serve as alternatives in regulating blood pressure. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4


Building Information Modeling (BIM) is currently creating a paradigm shift in architectural profession, changing the design methods that are used in contemporary architectural practice, as well as the ways in which architectural documentation is prepared. BIM is equivalent to the virtual representation of buildings, rich in information of relational nature. It is an intelligent, model-based process for designing buildings, since building elements, systems, schedules and specifications are stored within a single database, and can be shared among stakeholders [1]. Traditional architectural design documentation (floor-plans, sections, elevations, details) are only a single view of an integrated model, and this aspect is revolutionizing architectural practice.


This article discusses the development of small towns from 1949 to 1989 in China, which had come through four stages:(1) Resumption,from 1949 to 1952;(2) decline and rerising,from 1953 to 1966; (3) stagnancy and shrink,from 1967 to 1978; (4) rapid growth and prosperity,from 1978 to 1989.


Purpose of reviewWe discuss how recent findings obtained in disorders of phosphate metabolism in humans and in animal models have provided insights into the pathogenesis of renal stone formation and bone demineralization. Recent findingsMice that are null for the sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NPT)2a gene (NPT2a−/− mice) exhibit hypophosphataemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis, but no bone demineralization. Mice null for the sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF)1 (NHERF1−/− mice) also exhibit hypophosphataemia and increased renal phosphate excretion with decreased renal NPT2a expression, but they present with a severe sex-dependent bone demineralization. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the NPT2a gene in humans induce hypophosphataemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis in males (to date) and bone demineralization of variable severity in both sexes. Patients and experimental animals with increased circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 present with hypophosphataemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, inappropriate calcitriol synthesis and rickets/osteomalacia, but no nephrolithiasis except when treated. Low-phosphate diet in spontaneously hypercalciuric rats and disruption of the 1-α-hydroxylase gene in NPT2a−/− mice prevent renal stone formation. SummaryIncreased urinary phosphate excretion is a risk factor for renal calcium stone formation when it is associated with hypercalciuria. As yet undefined interplay between NPT2a, NHERF1 and possibly other cotransporters or associated proteins in bone cells may account for the diversity of bone phenotypes observed in disorders of phosphate metabolism with impaired renal phosphate reabsorption. The pathogenesis of both renal stone and bone demineralization appear to be affected by species, sex and mutation type, among other factors.


In my previous article I emphasised the importance of having a Company Training Plan. I explained that a company training plan attempts to answer certain fundamental manpower questions such as these — in what jobs should we, now and in the future, be training people; how many should be under training within each category; over what period of time should this training be extended and when should it come to fruition? I then invited you to take part in a participative exercise designed to convince you that these matters are not within the competence of the training manager to decide, that the training plan should reflect and implement the overall company objectives and, accordingly, the training plan should be determined by the top management. I also made the point that a company training plan should grow out of the company training needs assessment. I made a distinction between the COMPANY TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT and the COMPANY TRAINING PLAN. CTNA is the aggregate of all identifiable needs of the company irrespective of whether it is possible or desirable to satisfy them; the company training plan is what results from taking the CTNA and fixing the priorities — making a choice of which needs to meet. I made a further point: that in the situation in which you find yourself, you may have to make these managerial decisions yourself, in isolation, in default of their being made by the management. In this case the training manager has no alternative, in the short‐term, but to accept the unsatisfactory situation and work for correct management involvement in the longer term.


The resonance scattering theory (RST) postulates, among several basic points, that the bistatic or differential scattering cross section (DSCS), which is measured through a proper time delay by sampling the echo returned by a cylindrical target at resonance, in its free ringing stage, displays a pattern governed by the simple function cos (nα). For a spherical target this function becomes Pn (cos α). This ''rosetta pattern'' is used to identify the modal order n of each resonance excited and labeled by the index pair (n, l). The index l is subsequently determined by the ranking or ordering of the resonance frequencies present for each given value of n. In the experimental measurement of these patterns, however, some discrepancies are observed when they are compared to the smooth, symmetrical, theoretically predicted patterns. The most notable ones are a deep notch and some modulated diffractive fluctuations at both opposite ends of the angular pattern (viz., at α=0 and π). These discrepancies are examined...


This paper will describe changes to the previously reported Electron Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ECRH) circular waveguide systems that deliver power to the Tandem Mirror Experiment Upgrade (TMX-U) machine. Four gyrotrons and associated waveguide systems, operating at 28-GHz and 200 kW each, helped establish electrostatic plugging in the end cells of TMX-U. A fifth gyrotron has been installed to power two resonant locations in the end plugs. This system and the pair of 10 kG heaters now use a slot radiator to obtain a more uniform coverage of the plasma. In addition, four 18-GHz ECRH systems have been added to the machine. 3 refs., 7 figs.


Process controllers need to fulfil all kinds of variable constraints that commonly exist in process control.Model predictive control(MPC) can efficiently deal with constraints on input and output variables.Model predictive control does not normally measure information in local control loops.If the control action is beyond the normal system capability and cannot be controlled,the nominal constraints become false and loose constraints,the practical system response deviates from the expected output,and the constraints cannot be satisfied.This paper describes an MPC based on zone control,a discrete-time state-space model of a linear system,with input and output zone constraints.The MPC constraints are met by an update algorithm using a predictive model with constraints.Simulations of the control of a continuously stirred-tank reactor(CSTR) show the effectiveness of this algorithm.


Abstract A critical component of effective teaching is the assessment of the skills and understanding that children have and the follow-up of these evaluations with teaching to facilitate learning outcomes and the development of each individual. Issues relating to evaluation discussed include multi-dimensional assessment, portfolio assessment, the testing of very young children, standardizing testing, grading and report cards. The article concludes with a current view of the appropriate role of assessment in early childhood education.


In this paper, the guidelines to design a true random bit generator (TRBG) circuit with a predefined minimum entropy are discussed. The approach is proposed for a TRBG based on a one-dimensional piecewise-linear chaotic map; it does not require bit throughput reduction, and it is suitable for the development of integrated TRBG circuits. In particular, the proposed design strategy is based on a feedback control procedure that allows to dynamically change the system parameters for the correction of the circuit "nonidealities" (e.g., the circuit offsets). The correction algorithm does not require a direct measurement of the system "nonidealities" or of the effective value of the map parameters, but only a dynamic estimation of these quantities based on the observation of the TRBG output. The design approach is validated by a hardware prototype implemented on a field-programmable analog array. The results of the NIST FIPS 140-2 test suite, the DIEHARD test suite, and the Coron's Universal test, applied to the TRBG output sequences before and after a simple post processing without throughput reduction, are reported and discussed.


A robot arm mechanism includes a handling member for supporting and handling an object, a robot arm made up of a plurality of links, and a robot arm driving mechanism for driving the robot arm to assume its contracted and extended position. The robot arm comprises first and second arm links, a link retaining mechanism pivotably retaining the first and second arm links and a link operating mechanism to operate one of the first and second arm links by a motion of the other of the first and second arm links. The link operating mechanism comprises a crank, a coupling link and a connecting link. The crank integrally connected to the coupling link is pivotably connected to one of the first and second arms and to the link retaining mechanism. The connecting link is pivotably connected to the other of the first and second arms. This leads to the advantage that the robot arms can be contracted and extended and rotated by only two electric motors.


Air quality prediction is a hot topic for many researchers due to its effect on health. Researchers from every corner of the world are trying to develop the better model to predict the air quality. Delhi, the capital of India has been listed the most polluted cities on the earth by WHO,2014 which is a serious concern for the nation. This research evaluates the forecasting accuracy of the PM2.5 and PM10 fine particulate matter concentration in air by advanced time-series models. However, In Delhi air pollution, very limited work had been done in past. This research is accomplished using advanced time series models such as TBATS, ARIMA (Auto Regression Integrated Moving Averages), Simple Exponential Smoothing, Holt model and Neural Network. While this is the first research on forecasting the Delhi air pollutants such as PM10 and PM2.5 using TBATS, and Feedforward Neural Network. Throughout the research, it was found that neural network with feedforward single layer performing better than any other applied model but its execution time is very large, so it is only appropriate for short-term data whereas for long-term data ARIMA is the best model.


The clinical, pathological, and radiological features in 21 pediatric patients with intraspinal extension may be present in the absence of either neurological symptoms or bony abnormalities. It is essential that myelography be performed prior to thoractomy or laparotomy in such cases.


TPS8613^ Background: MCL is a distinct subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for approximately 6% of NHL diagnoses. Current immunochemotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance results in a prolonged duration of remission, but a constant relapse pattern is still observed. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton's tyrosine kinase(BTK) inhibitor, demonstrated promising single-agent activity in 115 patients with relapsed or refractory MCL who were enrolled in the phase II study PCYC-1104. The overall response rate (ORR) was 68%, with 46% of patients achieving partial response (PR) and 22% achieving complete remission (CR) (Wang ASH 2012). Blum et al (ASH 2012) demonstrated that ibrutinib can be safely combined with BR in a phase I combination study in relapsed or refractory NHL and that it enhanced BR's clinical activity with an ORR in 5 evaluable MCL patients of 100% (80% CR, 20% PR). These data suggest that combining ibrutinib with BR will improve the outcome of these patients. Methods: The SHINE study...


Abstract The effects of surface irregularities on rolling and/or sliding point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) have been surveyed on the basis of direct observations using the duo-chromatic optical interferometry technique. A local fluctuation in film thickness caused by surface irregularities depends strongly on shear flow dominating the EHL conjunction and side leakage. The influence of pressure flow has been examined in relation to the local entrapment at asperities due to pure squeeze motion. In reciprocating motion with a small length of the stroke, EHL films are affected not only by surface irregularities but also by air bubbles produced in the previous stroke. The effects of thickener lumps and groove on grease EHL have also been discussed.


THE INTERPRETATION of the houses, the evidence for dating and the status of the inhabitants at sites excavated on Dartmoor are discussed.


Indirect 13C MRS by proton‐observed carbon editing (POCE) is a powerful method to study brain metabolism. The sensitivity of POCE‐MRS can be enhanced through the use of short TEs, which primarily minimizes homonuclear J‐evolution related losses; previous POCE‐MRS implementations use longer than optimal echo times due to sequence limitations, or short TE image selected in vivo spectroscopy‐based multi‐shot acquisitions for 3D localization. To that end, this paper presents a novel single‐shot point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)‐localized POCE‐MRS sequence that involves the application of simultaneous editing and localization pulses (SEAL)‐PRESS, allowing the TE to be reduced to a theoretically optimal value of ∼ 1/JHC.


The interest in the use of high-order, upwind-biased compac t schemes is evaluated in the context of direct computation of sound. Results show that upwind schemes are veryeffective in comparison with centered schemes. Numerical dissipation involved in upwind schemes seems to b e able to control parasite oscillations in the acoustic field, without affecting the mechanisms of generation and pr opagation of sound. Good precision of the computed acoustic field is ensured by using a 5-point stencil scheme, o ptimised in order to add artificial dissipation at nonresolved wavenumbers. Mots-clefs : Aeroacoustique - Simulation numerique directe - Ecoulement cisaille libre


de Clin, etde Therap., July 15, 1888,) that if antipyrine is added to the prescription containing quinine, in cases in which large doses of quinine are necessary (as much as fifteen grains or more), the unpleasant effects of the quinine are obviated. He adds three grains, of antipyrine to each five grains of quinine. This, he says, alsoincreases the antipyretic effect of the quinine, and prevents quinism. The mixture is better tolerated by the stomach than the quinine alone. Chicago Med. Jour, and Ex.


Neutrophil granulocytes play an important role in the host defence against invading microorganisms and constitute the frontline of defence within the innate immune system and are among the first ce ...


This study aimed to optimize and validate methods for the analysis of Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir, and Ritonavir. Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir, and Ritonavir were separated using the Reverse phase – High performance liquid chromatographic technique equipped photo diode array detector with Kromasil C18, 150 x 2.6mm, 5µ column using Buffer: ACN = 40: 60 percent V/V. Separation is achieved with isocratic elution mode. The flow rate optimized at 1mL/min, with detection at 240nm. With a 10µL injection volume, the temperature of the column is kept at 30°C. According to ICH guidelines, the approach was validated for system suitability, linearity, robustness, precision, and accuracy. The limit of detection (µg/mL) for Partaprevir, Ombitasvir, and Ritonavir is found to be 0.37, 0.06, and 0.24 respectively. The limit of quantification (µg/mL) for Partaprevir, Ombitasvir, and Ritonavir is found to 1.11, 0.18, and 0.71 respectively. The six minute analytical run time demonstrates the speed of analysis, allowing for a higher number of samples to be evaluated per unit time. Forced degradation studies using various conditions like acid, base, peroxide, thermal, U.V, and hydrolysis were carried out and in all cases and the peak purity passes. Thus the method is found as stability indicating as per ICH guidelines.


While intensive cooperation between China and the EU in the fields of energy use, environmental protection and sustainability is highly needed the question remains unanswered how this cooperation could be organized. This volume puts the geopolitical implementation of China's and the EU's energy security into the context of geo-economic systems in a global scale, and the emergence of a geo-economic energy network spreading from China to Western Europe.


The paper describes a new taxon: Pyrus × myloslavensis, i.e. a spontaneous hybrid between P. communis (Common Pear) and P. salicifolia (Willowleaf Pear), found near Miloslaw town (Wielkopolska province, West Poland). No such hybrid has been reported in the literature so far. P. × myloslavensis has ellip- tic leaves, 1.1-7.6 cm long and 1.0-2.9 cm wide, margin entire, near the apex shallowly and remotely serrate, shortly acute, silvery tomentose on both sides. Fruit of the hybrid is relatively large (mean weight 56.2 g), green-yellow, without rust-coloured patches and blush.


is expected to m ake an e x t r a h&wing in the dashes, weights, and middle distances. T exas, other hand, is especially s t ro n g hurdles, long distances, pole In the weights, th e team s about equally. T he keenest in  fill be laid in the ju m p s and From the p resen t outlook, Juneau expects to divide the of the meet. Moss, dependable dash m an and r, and DeWitt W altm on, capad stellar jumper, a re suffering (tone bruises. However, these is are not expected to im p a ir owing which will be made by being temporary and minor, who took the honors in the n at the invita tion meet in orth, is in excellent fo rm and cled to prove his w or th in s. Iliad which will p robably leave i composed of the fo llowing: ion. Simmons, G raves, and amps; Moss, hu rd le s ; B eavers mett, dashes; G ray, D oughty , Bing. 440-yard and 880-yard amilton, Duckett, a n d Shane, Neeley. Loop, Griffin, and lances SELECT SPEAKERS COMPETE TONIGHT FOR EVANS PRIZE


AN opportunity to visit institutions for the mentally retarded and State Departments in Denmark and Holland both before, and following, the London Conference on the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency July 24-29, 1960, was a real privilege. A sincere attempt was made to understand the basic philosophies underlying the program for the mentally retarded in these countries in order to appreciate the differences between their programs and our own. Many similarities and some differences were noted in the programming for the mentally retarded of Holland and Denmark as compared with those of the United States. Regardless of the differences in programming which exist, however, certain basic problems relating to mental retardation are common to all countries. There are stilI too few institutions to house all those who need care, and although new facilities are constantly being built, waiting lists are stilI in evidence. The shortage of qualified personnel in the various disciplines and areas concerned with the welfare of the retarded is another major problem. Denmark's Mentally Retarded


e14504 Background: Multiple groups have shown that TIGIT contributes to immune-tolerance by inhibiting immune responses mediated by T cells and NK cells through binding its ligand, CD155 (PVR), on antigen-presenting cells and a variety of non-hematopoietic cell types including tumor cells. ZG005, a PD-1 and TIGIT dual specific antibody, is a promising immunotherapy for tumors as blocking these two pathways could synergistically activate T cells and enhance the anti-tumor activity of NK cells. We have conducted a Phase 1 clinical study to assess the tolerability, safety, preliminary efficacy of this drug. Methods: During the dose escalation stage, an accelerated titration design (ATD) in the first dose and the standard "3+3" design in the rest doses were used. Subjects were patients with advanced solid tumors who failed to the available standard treatments. The dose groups were set from 0.3 to 20 (0.3, 1, 3, 10, 20) mg/kg, intravenous infusion, once every 3 weeks. The first 21-day-period was defined as the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) observation period. Subjects could continue to receive ZG005 until treatment discontinuation criteria were met. Tumor response was assessed by RECIST1.1 and iRECIST. Pharmacokinetics and receptor occupancy (RO) profiles were also assessed in this study. Results: A total of 16 subjects (6 males and 10 females) completed the DLT observation, with median age of 59 years. Nine (56.3%) of them received at least 3 lines of antineoplastic therapies, and six (31.6%) have been exposed to PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. There was one DLT event found in the 1 mg/kg dose group, showing a grade 3 hepatic function abnormal (immune-mediated). No other DLT event was observed. Forty-nine treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) including the aforementioned DLT event occurred. TRAEs were basically grade 1 or 2, except one female who suffered from rectal cancer unfortunately died at home. Due to limited information gathered, the investigators considered that the death was mostly related to the underlying condition, but the cause of the study drug could not be completely excluded. The most frequent TRAEs were increases in alanine aminotransferase, lipase, blood creatine phosphokinase MB, blood alkaline phosphatase and blood lactate dehydrogenase, with an incidence of 18.8% (3/16). Of the 10 evaluable cases, 1 had PR, 6 had SD and 3 had PD. The longest duration of administration was in a subject with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who received 9 cycles and is still remaining in this study. The Cmax and AUC increased from 0.3-20 mg/kg approximately in dose proportion. Complete and sustained RO of T cells in PBMCs was observed at ≥ 3 mg/kg doses of ZG005 for at least 3 weeks. Conclusions: ZG005 demonstrates good safety and tolerance in this escalation study. It also demonstrates preliminary antitumor effects in patients with solid tumors, a good PK profile and long-lasting RO. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR20220021 .


This article notes the powerful international impact of the attacks on the USA on 11 September 2001 and their literary aftermath. Beginning with  The 9/11 Commission Report , the article considers literary responses to the events of 9/11 five or six years later by five Australian novelists. Their work ranges from fantastic satire to espionage thriller and psychological problem novel. A critical spirit informs each of these works – Andrew McGahan's  Underground  (2006), Richard Flanagan's  The Unknown Terrorist  (2006), Janette Turner Hospital's  Orpheus Lost  (2007), Adib Khan's  Spiral Road  (2007) and Adrian d'Hage's  The Beijing Conspiracy  (2007). Adib Khan's novel  Spiral Road  is especially interesting for its examination of the dilemmas and difficulties faced by a Muslim Australian when he returns to his homeland Bangladesh. Like the other novels considered in this article,  Spiral Road explores the clashes between political events and the realities of everyday living for individuals buffeted by the cross-winds of an American tragedy.


It is analyzed the risk of building damage due to ground surface subsidence occurred during constructing a tunnel below buildings in sand-gravel layer. The overburden and the thickness of sand-gravel layer is about 20m and the width and the height of the tunnel are 12m and 8.6m, respectively. The tunnel is pre-reinforced by umbrella method with three rows of long steel pipes and grouting. Surface subsidence is measured at 36 points surrounding buildings and measured data are used to calculate optimized three dimensional subsidence surface. Depending on the building location, deflection ratio and horizontal strain are calculated to evaluate the risk of building damage. No damage occurs at the buildings because of both the small deflection ratios involved 1~4mm subsidence and compressive horizontal strains.


Results: 52 infants had SBS during the study period, a cumulative incidence of 14 per 1000 NICU admissions. 30 (58%) were treated with CEA for suspected SBBO. NEC represented the most common aetiology for SBS 18/52. Among the infants who received CEA, the most consistent feature identified preceding treatment was poor weight gain (93%) followed by bowel dilata-tion on abdominal radiograph (80%). There was a significant improvement in the trend of stoma outputs and cholestasis among the infants who received 6 weeks of CEA. No difference was however found with regards to change in acid base and electrolytes status, or nutritional parameters over time between the two groups (p>0.05).


Word-of-mouth communication has been shown to play a key role in a variety of environments such as viral marketing and churn prediction. A family of algorithms, generally known as information spreading algorithms has been developed to model such pervasive behavior. Although these algorithms have produced good results, in general, they do not consider that the social network reconstructed to model the environment of an individual is limited by the information available. In this paper we study how the missing information (in the form of missing nodes and/or missing links) affects the spread of information in the well-known Dasgupta et al. (2008) algorithm. The results indicate that the error made grows logarithmically with the amount of information (links, nodes or both) unknown.


By means of a qualitative analysis with parameters based on phenomenology, this article aims at analysing and understanding some aspects of the permanent formation (also known – but still very much discussed – as the continuing activities of the teacher after he graduates, or the initial formation). The point of departure was the study of a report by one Mathematics teacher on her participation at courses, seminars, workshops and other instances of permanent formation. The elements resulting from the analysis were then compared to the findings of contemporary literature on the formation of teachers of Mathematics.


The work presents the detailed analysis of the water dimer properties. Their parameters are investigated on the basis of a multipole interaction potential extended up to the quadrupole--quadrupole and dipole--octupole terms. All main equilibrium parameters of the dimer are obtained: its geometry, ground-state energy, dipole and quadrupole moments, vibration frequencies, {\it etc}. They are thoroughly compared with those obtained in quantum chemical calculations and from spectroscopic data. The efficiency of the present model potentials is discussed. A new viewpoint on the nature of the hydrogen bond is presented. The results of studies are thoroughly compared with the spectroscopic and computer simulation data.


In this article, the dielectric properties of polypropylene (PP) films are investigated under 0–12-T magnetic field. The modification method based on aromatic compound blending is proposed to improve the performance of PP in the strong electromagnetic environment. Under the 12-T magnetic field, the dielectric constant declines from 2.34 to 2.27 at 1 kHz, and the dielectric loss grows up from 0.40% to 0.64% at 1 kHz. The leakage conductivity increases from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.56\times 10^{-{12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 1.85 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \,\,10^{-{12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> S/m. The breakdown strength drops from 546.1 kV/mm under 0 T to 454.2 kV/mm under 12 T. The energy density of PP decreases from 3.09 to 2.07 J/cm3 due to the magnetic field. After blending with 0.05 wt% aromatic compounds, the dielectric properties of PP films got enhanced. The energy storage density of the modified films reaches 3.63 (under 0 T) and 2.72 (under 12 T) J/cm3 with enhanced voltage resistance and enlarged dielectric constant. This article is of significance to the application of PP capacitors under strong electromagnetic environment.


We give a continuity result for the price density in a competitive equilibrium model with L~ as the commodity space. The result applles to commoditles -differentiated over characteristics such as time and events of delivery -with symmetric joint costs (i.e., with a joint cost of production that is a symmetric, viz., rearrangement-invariant, function of the output bundle). Cost symmetry is characteristic of peak-load pricing problems, which motivate the analysis. Our price continuity result applies to the case of a separably additive utility function on L~, In which Jones' method ( 1984, p. 524) -based on findfng a suitable extension of the utility functlon from LM to the space of ineasures, 91f-falls. No Drice continuity result for an economy with L~ as the commodity space can be obtalned from Richard's (1989) general anafysis, either. An extenslon of our result to the case of nonsymmetric costs is possible if costs are additively separable, and it is outlined. Our approach can also be used for other Lp-spaces ( but not for 91~ since both the concept of cost symmetry and that of additive separability are based on the presence of an underlying measure). We apply our analysis to a multi-station electricity Dricing problem ( with constant returns to scale) to prove that, though the variable costs of the stations are different, the equilibrium price i s a continuous functlon of time. This result implies that the equilibrlum output profile contains offpeak plateaux, in addition to a peak Dlateau. This equilibrium conflguration is the basis of an example, given by Horsley and Wrobel ( 1989b, Example 1 in Section 5). of a short-run equilibrium with the capital inputs optimal (for the short-run equilibrium output) that is not e long-run equflibrium -for the given equipment prices -even though the long-run cost is exactly covered.


The 2000 Report of the Panel on the Ecological Integrity of Canada's NationalParks reveals important relations between ideas of "nature" and "nation" in Canada.Viewed historically, Canada's national parks have been organized by differentunderstandings of what parks are for, and especially what kinds of role they are toperform for the nation at particular historical junctures. This paper offers abroadly sketched view of that history over four periods in order to shed light onthe cultural politics of ecological integrity as a condition to which Canada'snational parks should aspire, leading to a discussion of integrity as a specificinflection of national nature.


In an effort to develop α‐adrenoceptor antagonists with antiarrhythmic activity, we designed a series of pyrrolidin‐2‐one derivatives. The α1‐ and α2‐adrenorecepor affinities of the new pyrrolidin‐2‐one derivatives were determined using a radioligand binding assay. The most active compound was then tested in vitro for intrinsic activity toward α1A‐ and α1B‐adrenoceptors and in vitro for antiarrhythmic activity in epinephrine‐induced arrhythmia in rats. The highest affinity for the α1‐adrenoceptor (pKi = 7.01) was displayed by 1‐{4‐[4‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐chlorophenyl)‐piperazin‐1‐yl]‐methyl}‐pyrrolidin‐2‐one (9). 1‐[4‐(2‐Fluorophenyl)‐piperazin‐1‐yl]‐methyl‐pyrrolidin‐2‐one (7) showed the highest affinity toward the α2‐adrenoceptor (pKi = 6.52). Intrinsic activity studies of compound 9 showed that this compound is an antagonist of both α1A‐ (EC50 = 0.5 nM) and α1B‐ (EC50 = 51.0 nM) adrenoceptors. Compound 9 displayed antiarrhythmic activity in rats (ED50 = 5.0 mg/kg (3.13–7.99)). New derivatives of pyrrolidin‐2‐one with α1‐adrenoceptor affinity were identified. We propose that the antiarrhythmic activity of compound 9 is related to its antagonism of α1A‐ and α1B‐adrenoceptors.


The study has four main objectives, namely:
- to describe and compare the energy and environmental situation in Poland and in the FRG,
- to develop and compare energy-environment models for Poland and for the FRG,
- to elaborate emission control strategies for the next twenty years for Poland and for the FRG,
- to perform a comparative analysis.
The study refers to two countries being very different in many aspects. Different levels of development and a different economic system are basic causes of differences concerning the way in which energy is used.


Objective We aimed to develop and validate a score to assess inpatient complexity and compare its performance with two currently used but not validated tools to estimate complexity (ie, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), patient clinical complexity level (PCCL)). Methods Consecutive patients discharged from the department of medicine of a tertiary care hospital were prospectively included into a derivation cohort from 1 October 2016 to 16 February 2017 (n=1407), and a temporal validation cohort from 17 February 2017 to 31 March 2017 (n=482). The physician in charge assessed complexity. Potential predictors comprised 52 parameters from the electronic health record such as health factors and hospital care usage. We fit a logistic regression model with backward selection to develop a prediction model and derive a score. We assessed and compared performance of model and score in internal and external validation using measures of discrimination and calibration. Results Overall, 447 of 1407 patients (32%) in the derivation cohort, and 116 of 482 patients (24%) in the validation cohort were identified as complex. Eleven variables independently associated with complexity were included in the score. Using a cut-off of ≥24 score points to define high-risk patients, specificity was 81% and sensitivity 57% in the validation cohort. The score's area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was 0.78 in both the derivation and validation cohort. In comparison, the CCI had an AUROC between 0.58 and 0.61, and the PCCL between 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. Conclusions We derived and internally and externally validated a score that reflects patient complexity in the hospital setting, performed better than other tools and could help monitoring complex patients.


In Indonesia about 1.3 million hectares of cassava are located on marginal sloping uplands, where soil erosion is a serious problem. Alfisols are the dominant soil type for cassava cultivation. Cassava cultivated on sloping land can cause severe erosion if it is not properly managed. A study on the effect of different cultural practices on erosion and yield of cassava was conducted on an Alfisol with about 15% slope in East Java during the rainy season of 1996/97. Twelve cultural practices were tested, using 12-m long and 3-m wide plots for each treatment. A channel was made below each plot and covered by plastic sheet to collect the eroded soil. The eroded soil was weighed every month and the crop yield was recorded at the harvest time. Another trial on the effect of potassium fertilizer on cassava yield was also conducted close to the above trial. Five fertilizer treatments were studied to determine the role of potassium in increasing the yield of cassava. The results show that the farmers' practice of 'up-and-down ridging' gave the highest cassava yield (18.6 t ha), but produced a high level of erosion (11.8 t ha) compared to other treatments. Staggered mounds for cassava cultivation, which is practiced by other farmers, also produced high levels of erosion (8.3 t ha). When contour ridges were prepared before planting, the soil loss due to erosion was similar to the above system (9.0 t ha). Combining contour ridging with hedgerows of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) or vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) every 4 m produced the lowest level of soil erosion (7.3 t ha) and a good cassava yield (13.4 t ha). Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) could be used as an alternative for hedgerows; however, vetiver was the most tolerant to drought compared to the other grasses. On the other hand, Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla), Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), or Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) hedgerows produced higher levels of soil erosion (9–10 t ha) compared to elephant grass and vetiver grass hedgerows. It can be concluded that contour ridging combined with hedgerows of either elephant grass or vetiver grass could be recommended for planting cassava, since such practice could reduce soil erosion and gave a good cassava yield. Potassium application of up to 200 kg KCl ha linearly increased cassava yield, and would indirectly reduce soil loss due to erosion. Alternative materials which are cheaper than KCl and available locally should be identified, since this fertilizer now is too expensive for farmers.


this paper introduces the detailed process object model of Emergency plans for the establishment. using Borland C ++ Builder/SQL Server mixed programming methods,the system realize Emergency plans classification management,plan documents,im-ages and audio and video of the linkage to the scene of the decision-making good support instruments.


Due to the complex background and varying scanning conditions, extracting the vessel structure from the rotational angiography (RA) image is challenging. Various methods have been proposed for binary vessel segmentation with no gray level information which is essentially for diagnosis. A new method based on background inpainting and image subtraction is introduced in this paper. Instead of providing binary segmentation result, the proposed method estimates the background caused by surrounding tissues, and the vessel structure with gray level is obtained via image subtraction. The experiments verify that the proposed method works well for clinical sequences with different scanning conditions.


To gain further insight in the mechanisms of the embryo–maternal dialog in the oviduct, expression of members of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, NODAL, its inhibitor, LEFTY2, and their coreceptor, CFC1, were studied in the oviduct of 3‐day post copula (3 dpc) females with and without embryos (E and NE), pseudopregnant rats (SP3), and in 3‐day embryos. Nodal transcripts in SP3 oviducts showed a steady‐state relative abundance when compared with proestrus stage and the 3 dpc. In contrast, Lefty2 and Cfc1 relative abundance levels in proestrus and 3 dpc were higher. When comparing E with NE oviducts, Nodal and Lefty2 expression levels decreased, while Cfc1 expression increased in the presence of embryos. Nodal messenger RNA (mRNA) was observed in the embryo, but Lefty2 and Cfc1 transcripts were not found. In addition, an increase in Lefty2 expression coincided with increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9 mRNA and protein in the oviduct and in the oviductal fluid, respectively. These observations have shed new light on the relevance of the NODAL/LEFTY2 pathway in the oviduct during early embryo development and the role of the embryo in modulating this pathway.


It is well evidenced that higher plant density will give higher grain yields, and the ecological situations of precipitation, air temperature and soil conditions are the key factors of plant density decision. Given the great regional variations of precipitation and temperature, to learn the integrated responses of crop growth to plant density and regional ecological situation will play an important role in designing optimal density with higher yield in Northeast China. Field experiments were conducted in Shenyang, Gongzhuling, Harbin, Huadian, and Taonan using spring maize cultivar Zhongdan 909 to determine the comprehensive effects of plant densities and regional ecological conditions on crop agronomic traits and grain yield. The results showed that, higher plant density significantly increased the plant height and ear height, and decreased the stem diameter. Regional ecological conditions had significant effect on plant height but less effect on ear height and stem diameter. With the increase of plant density, the population leaf area index (LAI) increased significantly. Meanwhile, the increment of heat and precipitation increased the LAI. The increase of population dry matter accumulation under higher plant density offset the decrease of dry matter accumulation per plant which ensured the higher grain yield. Under the plant density of 9.00 × 104 plant ha–1, the potential productivity for cultivar Zhongdan 909 was fully developed in the experiments. But regional differences of precipitation, air temperature and soil characters influenced the appropriate plant density. The optimum plant density should be from 8.6 to 9.6×104 plant ha-1 under different ecological conditions in Northeast China.


In this article it is shown by simple thought experiments that the Einstein Weak Equivalence Principle, defined here as the equivalence of inertial and gravitational masses, is not compatible with the Special Relativity Theory, the Lorentz Coordinate Transformation, and the Maxwell Theory of Electromagnetic Field. Since the General Relativity Theory is firmly based on this principle the thought experiments and the arguments described in this article present a significant problem for the theory and thus question its fundamental correctness.


This paper presents a methodology for teaching the linearization process and non-linear behavior of Power Electronic Converters (PECs) through the OpenModelica Software. The methodology is based on a step-by-step approach consisting on the deduction of the large-signal and average models, linearization of the average model, deduction and analysis of transfer functions, deduction of steady state relationships and simulation with OpenModelica. The proposed teaching methodology is applied over an ideal DC/DC Boost converter analyzing its behavior in different operation points.


We present a comprehensive analysis of the optical and X-ray light curves (LCs) and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of a large sample of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows to investigate the relationship between the optical and X-ray emission after the prompt phase. We collected the optical data from the literature and determined the shapes of the optical LCs. Then, using previously presented X-ray data we modeled the optical/X-ray SEDs. We studied the SED parameter distributions and compared the optical and X-ray LC slopes and shapes. The optical and X-ray spectra become softer as a function of time while the gas-to-dust ratios of GRBs are higher than the values calculated for the Milky Way and the Large and Magellanic Clouds. For 20% of the GRBs the difference between the optical and X-ray slopes is consistent with 0 or 1=4 within the uncertainties (we did it not consider the steep decay phase), while in the remaining 80% the optical and X-ray afterglows show significantly different temporal behaviors. Interestingly, we find an indication that the onset of the forward shock in the optical LCs (initial peaks or shallow phases) could be linked to the presence of the X-ray flares. Indeed, when X-ray flares are present during the steep decay, the optical LC initial peak or end plateau occurs during the steep decay; if instead the X-ray flares are absent or occur during the plateau, the optical initial peak or end plateau takes place during the X-ray plateau. The forward-shock model cannot explain all features of the optical (e.g. bumps, late re-brightenings) and X-ray (e.g. flares, plateaus) LCs. However, the synchrotron model is a viable mechanism for GRBs at late times. In particular, we found a relationship between the presence of the X-ray flares and the shape of the optical LC that indicates a link between the prompt emission and the optical afterglow.


Preloading and stage-loading operations were carried out at an industrial plant site in Trinidad, which is underlain by about 10 m of lightly overconsolidated recent sediments. A series of drained stress controlled triaxial tests and oedometer tests were carried out to define the yield envelope for these deposits. Filling of large diameter water storage tanks was controlled by computing the effective stress paths during loading and relating the effective stress states to the yield envelope. The objective of this procedure was to prevent overstressing of large zones within the foundation soils and thereby to minimize lateral deformations which would result in excessive total and differential settlements. This objective was achieved as indicated by the relatively small 40 mm lateral deformations which were associated with up to 300 mm of vertical settlement. Settlement profiles across the tanks were also very uniform. The effective stress path yield envelope approach was also used to explain the significant...


The contract is very important in the life of society in the activities of economy, especially since the Foundation in various business activities. The contract is based on the agreement that creates a legal relationship between debtor and creditor. On the other hand often arise out of various problems in the contract, especially concerning the imbalance of legal relationship between the parties. The existence of an imbalance that ultimately gives rise to injustice. Even to this day still be a yearning for Justice, has not realized in various implementation contract in Indonesia


Traditional traffic information collection bears some disadvantages, such as high-concentrated system load, low-usage of network, limited network pavement and heavy operation cost. Therefore, this paper proposes to design a brand new traffic information collection system based on wireless sensor networks, in which the distributed treatment of traffic information collection is realized. This paper puts forward the area of traffic information collection system based on wireless sensor network and discusses the potential problems in the implementation and related resolution strategies.


The lifetimes of a series of N-related photoluminescence lines (A(2)-A(6)) in GaAs1-xNx (x=0.1%) were studied under hydrostatic pressures at similar to 30 K. The lifetimes of A(5) and A(6) were found to increase rapidly with increasing pressure: from 2.1 ns at 0 GPa to more than 20 ns at 0.92 GPa for A(5) and from 3.2 ns at 0.63 GPa to 10.8 ns at 0.92 GPa for A(6). The lifetime is found to be closely correlated with the binding energy of the N impurity states, which is shown either in the pressure dependence for a given emission line or in the lifetime variation from A(2) to A(6). (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.


Gorgeous and delicious cookie heart boxes by cookie decorating and desserts guru Julia M Usher of Recipes for a Sweet Life.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of timed artificial insemination (TAI) on pregnancy rates, reproductive efficiency, and mean weaning weight of calves at the end of breeding season in Nellore females. In this work, 744 Nellore females were divided into two groups: in group I (n = 396), the females were subjected to natural service during the breeding season, which lasts for 180 days. In group II (n = 348), a hormonal protocol was performed [...]


A design of intellectualized power calculating system is discussed in the article based on AT89C51 and H92B4(a kind of photoelectric sensor). With the characteristics of good precision,easy operation,high efficiency and low price,the functions of automatic calculation,respective storage,inquiring,alarming and double price when the allowed gross of power is run over are realized in the system. Besides,the main parameters can be set by the user. In addition,the plan of hardware and some of the assembler codes are also listed.


We have reported that bicarbonate (NaHCO3) potentiates the activity of aminoglycosides in Escherichia coli, but the action mechanism was not identified. To eventually understand how NaHCO3 can potentiate antibiotics, we thought that a rational first step was to examine the effect of NaHCO3 separately and to inspect initial gene expression changes triggered by it. In this work, we started by confirming that NaHCO3 can reduce the number of viable E. coli bacteria. We then investigated, via RNAseq, gene expression changes induced by NaHCO3. There were upregulated and downregulated genes, among the top upregulated genes c. 10‐fold increase in expression) was tnaA, the gene encoding tryptophanase, the enzyme that degrades tryptophan to indole. Considering that higher expression of tnaA likely led to increases in indole, we tested the effect of indole and found both growth inhibition and synergy with NaHCO3. We suggest that indole may participate in growth inhibition of E. coli. The RNAseq analysis also revealed upregulation (≥4‐fold) of genes encoding proteins for the acquisition of iron and downregulation (≥16‐fold) of genes encoding iron‐sulphur‐holding proteins; hence NaHCO3 apparently triggered also an iron‐deficit response. We suggest that iron deficiency may also be involved in growth inhibition by NaHCO3.


There have been numerous studies on the host response against tumors; however, only a few of them have been concerned with the autochthonous tumor-host relationship. Needless to say, the autochthonous tumor-host system should be used for a strict analysis of tumor-specific immune reactions. Takeda et a1.l demonstrated the tumor-specific transplantation resistance to autochthonous methylcholanthrene ( MCA ) -induced rat tumors in the primary hosts. They used a ligation-and-release technique to induce resistance to autografts, and then classified tumor strains into three groups with highly antigenic (HAT), moderately antigenic ( MAT), and low antigenic tumors (LAT) , according to their transplantabilities in the autochthonous hosts. In vitro cytotoxic studies revealed that immune lymphoid cells, but not sera, from rats whose autologous tumor grafts had regressed, destroyed the cultured autologous tumor cells. The grade of transplantation resistance to autochthonous tumors in vivo was parallel to the degree of lymphoid cellmediated in vitro cytotoxicity to them.' Production of humoral antibody against the autochthonous tumor cells was not detected with cytotoxic tests, immunofluorescence or the immune adherence :I Time lapse phase-contrast cinemicrography of highly antigenic tumors showed a marked in virro destruction of autologous target tumor cells with lymphoid cells from the primary host after a 24to 48-hour incubation. Both lymphocytes and macrophages seemed responsible for tumor destruction as far as could be determined by cinemicrography. The existence of a diffusible cytotoxic substance, which had been demonstrated in syngeneic tumor systems in mice,'. s was not confirmed in the autochthonous tumor system in rats.' Histologic studies of tumor autografts showed a marked mononuclear cell infiltration and decrease of tumor cells in HAT, whereas a slight cellular reaction and progressive proliferation of tumor cells occurred in LAT. Electron microscopically, lymphocytes were predominant in tumor tissue of HAT undergoing rejection.3 To investigate the mechanism of autochthonous tumor rejection further, the following studies were made: (a) time-course studies of electron microscopy of tumor autografts, either HAT or LAT; (b) an immunofluorescence study of tumor section with rabbit antirat T-cell serum to identify the reacting lymphoid


Mr. Montgomery is responsible for leading the institutional responsibilities of the mission directorate, ensuring strategic business processes are in place to effectively plan and implement the ARMD mission.


In this paper, an investigation was perfonned on the dynamic interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP(carbon fiber reinforcement plastics). Specimens used in this experiment are CF/PEEK laminated plates. In this experiments, Split Hopkinson's Bar (SHPE) test was applied to dynamic and notched flexure test. The mode II fracture toughness of each unidirectional CFRP was estimated by the analyzed deflection of the specimen and J-integral with the measured impulsive load and reactions at the supported points. As an experimental result, the vibration amplitude of [0 /F₄/0] laminates appear more than that of[ 0/F₂/0] laminates for the J-integral and displacement velocity at a measuring point. Also, it is thought that the dynamic fracture toughness of two kind specimen(CF/PEEK) with the increase of displacement velocity becomes great at a measuring point with in the range of measurement


Superabsorbent copolymer hydrogels were prepared by gamma irradiation of aqueous solutions of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and 2-dimethyaminoethyl methacrylate (DEMA) monomers mixtures. The thermal stability of hydrogels was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The ability to adsorb Cu2+ ions and dyes by the prepared hydrogels from aqueous solutions was investigated. The swelling study, in water, showed that the hydrogels based on pure AMPS monomer and AMPS/DEMA copolymers reached the equilibrium state after 6 h. However, the hydrogel based on pure AMPS monomer showed higher swelling than the copolymer hydrogels based on AMPS/DEMA. It was found that the copolymer hydrogels based on different compositions showed affinity to absorb Cu2+ metal ions as well as basic and acid dyes; however, this affinity was found to decrease with increasing the ratio of DEMA in the initial feeding solutions. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


In the property sector Corralito Las Mercedes, belonging to the county ticket, province of El Oro, we performed the research on organic banana fertilization associated with soil removal with Hercules, the goals outlined in this study were to determine the effects of organic fertilizers after soil tillage cultivation of bananas, to analyze the physical changes -chemicals in the soil behavior.Based on the analysis of soil and foliar fertilizer treatments were set: absolute control, T2 +sulpomag zeolite (14 g +28 g), T3 humus 1 kg - plowing, humic acid 200g + T4 and T5clearing 28 g potassium sulphate + clearing. The treatments were applied to plots with Cavendish bananas arranged in randomized blocks with five treatments and four experimental repetitions totaling twenty units. The variables analyzed were: plant height, girth of pseudostem, number of leaves per plant to 60.90 and 120 days since calving on acorns, days to calving, number of hands per bunch, the percentage of live roots, capacity infiltration of the soil at the beginning and end, percentage of porosity of the soil at the beginning and end, cation exchange capacity at the beginning and end, percentage of organic matter at the beginning and end.The removal and turning the soil in the "crown" of the plant and chemical and organic fertilization with humus and humic acid, produced significant effects forming sheets displayed on the emission phase of the acorn. The number of hands per bunch increased significantly with the application of humus and humic acid. Potassium sulfate fertilization did not produce satisfactory results with respect to the absolute control are the number of hands per bunch. The soil removal increased porosity, living roots and thus the activity of soil microorganisms associated with the mineralization of organic matter and nitrogen release. Water infiltration by increasing the porosity was higher in the disturbed soil compacted soil compared to the absolute control.


Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a technique which is basically used for management of fracture.This includes IMF screws and various dental wirings. However IMF may not be advantageous in case of edentulous or partially dentulous patients. The purpose of this article is to report a case of unilateral parasymphyseal and zygomatic arch fracture managed successfully by IMF screws and to list the difficulties faced during the surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i1.6013 HREN 2012; 10(1): 69-71


One of the most successful x-ray observatories ever launched reentered Earth's atmosphere on 23 October. One of the most successful x-ray observatories ever launched reentered Earth's atmosphere on 23 October.


The invention relates to an apparatus and method for applying writings and other markings to a frozen vial or ampoule, which is filled with biological material, and which is held at temperatures between about -70 DEG C and about -196 DEG C. More particularly, the invention relates to a laser marking method that allows frozen vials to be labeled, while maintaining the integrity of the biological material contained therein.


Heat conduction through a 2-D porous medium layer with complicated cylindrical or quadrangular pore structures is simulated using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics technique. Heat transfer paths are visualized at the micropore level, and the dependence of the effective thermal conductivity on the micropore structure is analyzed. As expected, heat always follows the path of least resistance through the porous structures. Globally, enhanced heat transfer paths tend to form in the porous medium having the smallest circular inclusions. The dependence of the effective thermal conductivity on the micro pore structure is found to be closely related to the formation of enhanced heat transfer paths. For the porous medium with dispersed pore phase, the inclusion shape and size and the relative arrangement between inclusions do not have any particular effect on the relation between the effective thermal conductivity and the porosity. This finding is also well predicted by the effective medium theoretical (EMT) model with a flexible factor within the range 4.0-4.5. Owing to the significant effect of the pore-phase distribution, for the porous medium with continuous pore phase, the relation between the effective thermal conductivity and porosity can be predicted using the EMT model only if the flexible factor is taken for a value of 3.5.