Abstract Metal complexes of indole-2-carboxylic (ICH), -3-acetic (IAH), -3-propanoic (IPH) and -3-butanoic (IBH) acids, were prepared and characterized by means of thermal analysis, magnetic measurements. ESR. IR and electronic spectroscopy. While Cu(IA)2 · H2O, Cu(IP)2 · H2O, Cu(IP)2 and Cu(IB)2 are tetracarboxylatebridged dimers of the copper(II) acetate monohydrate-type, Cu(IC)2 · 2H2O appears to be monomeric with the copper atom in square planar coordination involving two carboxylate groups and two water molecules. Six-coordination at the metal ions, most likely involving bjdentate carboxylate groups and water molecules, is suggested for the complexes M(IC)2 · 2 H2O (M=Co, Ni, Mn and Zn). All the ligands appear to behave as simple carboxylic acids, being able to coordinate metal ions through the carboxylic groups alone.


The electrochemical performance of modified MCMBs by surface oxidation has been studied.It is found that oxidation MCMBs have higher discharge capacity 361.5 mAh·g-1 and the discharge capacity at 2C discharge current is 96.6% of that at 0.1C discharge capacity.It is 6.1% higher than the discharge capacity of untreated MCMBs at the same condition.Diffusion coefficient of lithium ion insertion into MCMBs was investigated by chronoamperometry method.Experimental results showed that the Li-ion diffusion coefficients in oxided MCMBs be 4 times of that in untreated MCMBs.12 Ah Li-ion Battery with oxidation MCMBs as anode has excellent pulse discharge performance and cycle ability,which can supply 160W pulse discharge power at 90% discharge capacity and holding 90% discharge capacity after 500 cycles.


The article studies the elastic and locomotive properties of Miura-ori-type paper origami. The mechanics of a single paper crease is studied experimentally, and its non-elastic properties turn out to be crucial. The entire origami construction is then described as a collection of individual creases, its capability to launch small objects is evaluated, and the equation of motion is found. Thus, the height of the launched ball is studied theoretically and experimentally as a function of governing parameters.


Perceived self‐efficacy influences how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges, and has been shown to affect motivation and academic behaviors. The ability to accurately assess one's competency and limitations is also a critical skill for physicians. Research has shown that medical students can underestimate their perceived clinical skills compared to observer assessment, but limited research has addressed perceived knowledge specific to anatomy. This study compares student perception and faculty evaluation of academic competency in a gross anatomy course. Additionally, this study revisits whether daily audience response system (ARS) questions is a predictor of academic success, and the impact of near‐peer tutoring on student performance. Data from 51 first year medical students in a 7‐week gross anatomy course were evaluated. At the end of week 3 of the course, students with a cumulate ARS grade below the 70% pass requirement were contacted by faculty with individualized formative feedback on academic performance and presented with opportunities for improvement and formal tutoring. All students irrespective of performance were made aware of opportunities for tutoring. Six near‐peer teaching assistants tutored students who requested help. Mean ARS scores and laboratory practice practical grades were evaluated before and after the students received formative feedback. Students were placed into one of four groups based on two factors: (1) their perceived ability to succeed in the course, and (2) faculty perception of their potential for success. Students in groups 1 and 3 were identified by faculty members as potentially at risk, whereas groups 2 and 4 were viewed as low risk. From the students' perspective, those in groups 1 and 2 self‐identified as needing assistance, whereas groups 3 and 4 felt that they were not at risk of failing the course. Of the 12 students contacted by faculty, 6 (12% of the class) requested a tutor (group 1). Additionally, 11 (21%) students who were not contacted by faculty requested a tutor (group 2). Six (12%) students that were contacted by faculty did not request a tutor (group 3), while 28 (55%) were not contacted by faculty and did not request a tutor (group 4). The averages of daily ARS scores between groups after feedback was significantly greater in group 4 compared to groups 1 and 2 (68% vs 61% and 63%, p=0.04 and 0.04, respectively). In addition, the post faculty feedback practical average scores were significantly higher in group 4 compared to group 1 (67% vs 56%, p=0.04). These data show that in an environment that fosters acceptance of academic support, students are more receptive to receiving and reaching out for help from near‐peer tutors. Formative feedback from ARS scores continue to be a reliable indicator for tracking student performance. Improvement of student performance in final course evaluation may be a positive indicator of success from near‐peer tutoring.


Introduction: Despite the well-known mechanisms of Vitamin D (e.g. calcium absorption and bone health), knowledge about its functional role and clinical relevance for patients undergoing cardiac su...


Delirium is a complex and distressing neurocognitive syndrome that occurs in patients with cancer, especially those with advanced disease, for whom rates as high as 88% before death have been reported. However, delirium may occur anywhere along the cancer disease trajectory and arise acutely as a result of the disease or its treatment. It is a recognized complication of often multiple underlying medical problems such as infection, organ failure, metabolic abnormalities, and effects of medications, including opioids, other psychotropic agents, and chemotherapy. Reversal of delirium has been reported for 50% of episodes occurring in cancer patients admitted to a hospital's palliative care unit. However, reversibility is contingent on the goals of care, prompt identification of relevant precipitants, and the degree to which they are amenable to treatment. Unlike dementia, delirium has an acute onset (hours to days) and manifests itself as cognitive deficits, hallucinations, paranoia, and other behavioral and psychomotor disturbances ranging from extreme agitation to profound hypoactivity. The diagnosis of delirium is frequently missed because of its fluctuating symptoms and its similarity to dementia and depression. Communication with family may be impeded as a result of delirium, and health care practitioners' assessment of pain and other symptoms may be compromised. Delirium is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity (including falls), prolonged hospital stays, and a major cost burden. Dementia, older age, and cancer are recognized risk factors for delirium. Cancer is predominantly a disease of older age groups, and the projected demographic changes in developed countries highlight the need for physicians in general to be knowledgeable about the nature of the syndrome, its assessment, and its management. This is particularly important for the hospital emergency department (ED) because delirium is regarded as a manifestation of an acute medical abnormality and a medical emergency. However, more often, the neurobehavioral manifestations of delirium and the consequent distress for the patient and their family trigger an emergency-room visit. Some features of delirium warrant special recognition in the ED context. First, the distress that the delirium is causing the patient and family must be recognized and addressed. Although the frenzied environments of most EDs arguably represent the antithesis of what is recommended for the symptomatic management of a patient with delirium, it may be the main access point for the care of the delirious patient. Because ED visits may be necessary for many cancer patients with delirium, it seems wise to minimize the duration of the ED visit, especially for those with advanced cancer, whose goals of care may be more focused on symptom control. The ED visit in itself may result in an environmental exacerbation of delirium for some of these patients. Many EDs will fast-track this type of patient. Second, for some patients, delirium may be the sole and sometimes subtle clinical manifestation of underlying problems such as an infection or hypercalcemia. Third, the temporal fluctuation in the intensity of delirium symptoms and the relatively narrow window of the patient's exposure to physicians and nurses in the ED may together contribute to the diagnosis being missed, especially if systematic screening assessments are not conducted. Collectively, these issues highlight the importance of a prompt and accurate diagnosis of delirium in cancer patients who attend the ED. In this issue of Cancer, Elsayem et al report a cross-sectional study designed to determine the prevalence of delirium in patients with cancer who attended the hospital's ED. The investigators screened a total of 1832 patients for study entry,


f is now well established that agglutinins 0r V. cholera develop in the blood of cholera Patients a few days after the onset of the ^ease. Greig (1914) has credited two French observers, Achard and Bensaude, with having been the first to discover, in 1897, these specific ^Sglutinins in the blood of cholera patients. rreig examined the blood of 363 persons, who lad been attacked by cholera, and found that 111 a few cases agglutinins developed as early as the second day, although in the large Majority of cases development was well marked


The letter by Wallings1 draws attention to several important aspects of the insertion technique for Nexplanon as advised by the manufacturer and approved by the Clinical Effectiveness Unit of the Faculty of Sexula and Reproductive Health.

1. To place the arm under the head externally rotated and abducted to 90° for any length of time is as unnatural as it is uncomfortable. This is especially so if the operator is not experienced and is likely to take time in insertion …


a Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. b Division of Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan. c Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. d Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. e Shirakaba Clinic, Tokyo, Japan. f Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Submitted: 6 April 2016; Published: 11 July 2016 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2016.7.2.001 In Japan, notifications of syphilis reported through the national surveillance system have been increasing recently1,2 similar to many other developed countries.3,4 During 2013–2014, this increase was associated with men who have sex with men (MSM).1,2 In response to this increase, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan has been raising awareness and disseminating prevention messages. Recent reports indicated that factors associated with syphilis among MSM were low educational attainment, sex with casual partners without a condom and coinfection with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).5,6 Using mobile phone applications and the Internet to seek sex partners has also been reported as potential risk factors for STIs, including syphilis, among MSM.7,8 There has been no study regarding potential predictors for syphilis acquisition in Japan. To investigate the possible reasons for the syphilis outbreak among MSM in Tokyo, a case-control study based on a questionnaire assessing potential risk factors for incident syphilis was proposed. To pretest the tool, we piloted the questionnaire and report key findings. We remind those in public health practice of the importance of pretesting questionnaire tools whenever possible.


The paper decribes influences of thermal treatment of a complex natural mineral from the Magnet Cove on its magnetic properties. This mineral is characterized by an anomalously high magnetization. Its thermal dependence, specific remanent magnetization and its stability were studied in detail on this mineral. These studies resulted in the definition of some characteristics of the NRM.


The flora of the coral reefs occurring in the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay areas
around Mandapam was studied, selecting transects from shore to the fringing reefs.
Marinc algae and seagrasses growing on the transects were sampled at five-metre inter- vals and a total number of 1850 samples was taken all along the 19 transects surveyed.


Broadband transmission at high data rates with high mobility speeds over wireless propagation channels is subject to both time dispersion caused by the multipath channel and frequency dispersion or Doppler Spread. orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), with its variants, represents a candidate modulation technique for the air interface of next generation mobile communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to assess the performance of OFDM based cellular mobile communication systems under realistic conditions using a time varying channel model with a range of indoor and outdoor channel types. Performance is evaluated by detailed simulation using the CODIT channel model that was refined and validated using measurements made within the RACE project in the UK. The paper presents a detailed evaluation of the BER, PSD for an OFDM system suitably dimensioned for the mobile radio channel.


There is given a representation of the equivalence classes of non-degenerated binary forms of degree d as quotient of an affine open subset of (d – 3)-dimensional affine space by the d-th symmetric group.


Written acculturation is associated with the development of modern society and contemporary society. The teaching of literature gave content and meaning to the learning of mother tongues as a means of acculturation, communication, humanization and as a basis for the formation of nations and for aesthetic creation. In the context of the enlightened transversality and in the context of national singularities fomented with liberalism and romanticism, the ideal of nation became matter of education, giving substance and sense to the school curriculum. In this text, after outlining some theoretical aspects, we seek to base and systematize the main historical-literary and pedagogical lines of the constitution of the literary curriculum in Portugal. We insist on the centrality of literature teaching in school education, namely from the Literary Course of Adolfo Coelho and the status of Os Lusiadas as epic and patriotic and humanist meta-education.


Quantum decay from Josephson $\ensuremath{\pi}$ states, which is inherent in the Josephson system with fixed particle numbers, is investigated. Since the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ states have two different decay paths, they can interfere during the decay processes by quantum tunneling due to a topological phase originating from total particle-number restriction and result in parity effect for tunneling.


Employing the approximation theory based on refraction and the definition of the total pointspread-function of the imaging system, the variation in the edge contrast of simple model samples is discussed with different source-to-sample and sample-to-detector distances, which actually means different ...


Bone is a highly spe('ialized mesodermal derivative which consists of specific cell types amid imitercellular substances, amid which attains its characteristic hardiness by the a('quisition amid maintenance of mineral salts. The cellular elements in boric tissue have distimictive but probably overlapping fumictionis. The osteoblasts take part in the formation of boric, the osteocytes probably function in mainitaininig the structural amid metabolic integrity of fully formed bone, while the osteoclasts are associated with the resorption of boric. The organic part of the intercellular substance is to a great extemit built up by the fibrillar protein, collagemi. In addition to the fibrous compomierit, small amounts of non-protein material have been demonstrated to be present, amomig w-hich is chonidroitini sulphate. rrhe inorganic fraction consists of a substituted hydroxyapat.ite. Boric tissue is formed during embryonic life through the differentiation of immature mesemichymal cells to osteoblasts. The formation of boric may proceed in two different ways. Either a (-artilaginious mo(lel is formed which is subsequently replaced by boric tissue, or alternatively, i)onie tissue appears directly through tranisformatioti from the mesenchyma. The latter process, termed membranous ossificatiomi, occurs in all adult bonies of the i)ody, and it is this mechanism which mi later life is responsible for the internal reconnstructiomi of 1)one. ( rowth of bonie associated with a cartilaginous model, or endo(homidral boric formation, is exemplified after birth by the cartilaginous epiphyseal growth ZO iCS of all long i)ones, where lomigitudirial growth occurs. The literature dealing with the structure, chemical ( OmpOsitioii, amid physiological properties of 1)0mw tissue is extensive. Careful investigations of the structure of bone tissue have I)een performed with ordinary histological methods. Hence, it is riot my intent.iomi to give here a survey of our present knowledge mi this field ; but instead to indicate sOme of the nie vemobservations on the structure of boric tissue made by our research group. The recent. great advanices in the field of biophysics have permitted the developmemit of new methods for the study of hone. The results of these methods have considerably extemided our knowledge of arid imiterest in this tissue. The investigations of boric here discussed are those which we have made by employimig different biophysical techmiiques, including microradiography, microimiterferometry, amid autoradiography. Imi addition, rourtine histological arid histochemical methods supplemented these hiophysical techmiiques. The ultrastructure of bone tissue has been studied by means of x-ray diffraction methods. A survey of the results obtaimied in this field is to be found mi the work of Carlstrom The iniorgamiic fractioni of boric tissue has been studied by means of microradiography performed on thinly ground sections 25#{149} The absorption of x-ray in the wave length range of one to three Amigstrom units by boric tissue is from a practical standpoimit solely depenidenit on the presence of i)omie salts ' . Thus, microradiograms obtained by this radiatiomi indicate both the amount. arid distribution of boric salt in the section. Considerably softer x-rays, in the wave length range of eight to twelve Angstrom umiits have also been used in microradiographic studies of the organic part of boric. These investigations were performed omi decalcified sectiomis. This type of soft microradiography permits the determination of the distribumtiomi of dry mass in the organic subtancetm8. The evaluation of the


We present a tight-binding theory of the Dirac point resonances due to adsorbed atoms and molecules on an infinite two-dimensional graphene sheet based on the standard tight-binding model of the graphene $\ensuremath{\pi}$-band electronic structure and the extended H\"uckel model of the adsorbate and nearby graphene carbon atoms. The relaxed atomic geometries of the adsorbates and graphene are calculated using density functional theory. Our model includes the effects of local rehybridization of the graphene from the ${\mathit{sp}}^{2}$ to ${\mathit{sp}}^{3}$ electronic structures that occurs when adsorbed atoms or molecules bond covalently to the graphene. Unlike in previous tight-binding models of Dirac point resonances, adsorbed species with multiple extended molecular orbitals and bonding to more than one graphene carbon atom are treated. More accurate and more general analytic expressions for the Green's function matrix elements that enter the $T$-matrix theory of Dirac point resonances than have been available previously are obtained. We study H, F, OH, and O adsorbates on graphene and for each we find a strong scattering resonance (two resonances for O) near the Dirac point of graphene, by far the strongest and closest to the Dirac point being the resonance for H. We extract a minimal set of tight-binding parameters that can be used to model resonant electron scattering and electron transport in graphene and graphene nanostructures with adsorbed H, F, OH, and O accurately and efficiently. We also compare our results for the properties of Dirac point resonances due to adsorbates on graphene with those obtained by others using density-functional-theory-based electronic structure calculations and discuss their relative merits. We then present calculations of electronic quantum transport in graphene nanoribbons with these adsorbed species. Our transport calculations capture the physics of the scattering resonances that are induced in the graphene ribbons near the Dirac point by the presence of the adsorbates. We find that the Dirac point resonances play a dominant role in quantum transport in ribbons with adsorbates: Even at low adsorbate concentrations the conductance of the ribbon is strongly suppressed and a transport gap develops for electron Fermi energies near the resonance. The transport gap is centered very near the Dirac point energy for H, below it for F and OH, and above it for O. We find conduction in ribbons with adsorbed H atoms to be very similar to that in ribbons with equal concentrations of carbon atom vacancies. We predict ribbons with adsorbed H, F, OH, and O, under appropriate conditions, to exhibit quantized conductance steps of equal height, similar to those that have been observed by Lin et al. [Phys. Rev. B 78, 161409(R) (2008)] at moderately low temperatures, even for ribbons with conductances a few orders of magnitude smaller than $2{e}^{2}/h$.


The discovery of colossal barocaloric effects in organic plastic crystals has significantly advanced the development of solid‐state refrigerant techniques. Adapting to the real application, a tradeoff of various barocaloric performances has to be achieved. Here, it is reported a novel plastic crystal system, that is, carboranes (C2B10H12), including three positional isomers: ortho‐carborane, meta‐carborane, and para‐carborane, which are characterized by C2v, C2v, D5d point groups, respectively. They all undergo an orthorhombic‐to‐tetragonal phase transition around room temperature. Compared to the previously reported organic plastic crystals, this system exhibits a combination of large pressure‐normalized entropy changes, the high‐pressure sensitivity of the transition temperature, small thermal hysteresis, and so forth. Their barocaloric performances are positional‐isomerism dependent, and the best performances are obtained in para‐carborane with maximum entropy changes of about 106.2 J kg−1 K−1 achieved under pressure changes below 30 MPa. This study not only suggests that carboranes would be a considerably promising working material for barocaloric refrigeration at room temperature but also indicates that delicate tuning of molecular isomerism is an effective strategy to enhance barocaloric performances.


Abstract : The Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) described herein provides information about simple, inexpensive field techniques for quantifying current patterns in the vicinity of coastal structures such as breakwaters, jetties, and groins. Although these techniques cannot produce a complete picture of the flow regime, they do provide reliable information that can be included with other analyses to understand and solve coastal engineering problems. The techniques are illustrated by application to Aguadilla Harbor, Puerto Rico.


Objective
To construct the recombinant lentivirus vector containing CCR7 gene and detect the expression of CCR7 in colorectal carcinoma HT29 cells and to investigate the effect of over-expressed CCR7 gene in colorectal carcinoma cell line HT29.

Methods
RNA was extracted from HT29 cells; and CCR7 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. CCR7 DNA fragment was cloned into the lentiviral vector pLVX-acGFP-N1 to construct recombinant pLVX-acGFP-CCR7. Then the pLVX-acGFP-CCR7 was transfected into 293T cells to obtain infectious lentiviruses LV-CCR7. HT29 cells were infected with LV-CCR7 and selected with puromycin for 10 days. The efficacy of transduction was assessed examining the expression of CCR7 gene by fluorescence detection, QPCR, and western blotting. The invasive capacity of HT29 cells was examined by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Furthermore, the expression of MMP-9 was examined by western blotting.

Results
The CCR7 gene was cloned into the lentiviral vector confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis. The green fluorescence was detected in HT29 cells after being transfected by LV-CCR7. The relative mRNA and protein expression levels of CCR7 in HT29 cells were 15.4 times and 4.7 times the control group's, respectively. There were much more over-expressed CCR7 tumor cells migrated into the gap compared with normal HT29 cells; and over-expressed CCR7 HT29 cells exhibited more invasion than the normal HT29 cells. The expression of MMP-9 increased in over-expressed CCR7 HT29 cancer cells.

Conclusions
The recombinant lentivirus vector containing CCR7 gene was successfully constructed and the CCR7 gene could be over-expressed in HT29 cells which promoted the migration and invasive ability of colorectal carcinoma cells.

Key words:
CCR7 gene; Lentivirus; Colorectal cancer; Cell metastasis; Cell invasion


The MOPEM project includes two fixed scenarios that have been defined to convey the idea of "learning paths". Our aim in this paper is to demonstrate the contexts and conditions for flexible learning paths that can be tailored to meet individual needs. The concept of this kind of specialised path is to enable learners to individualise the learning process and to adjust it to their personal needs. We will outline the background and provide examples to explain the concept of learning stations which we use in our four courses: Online Marketing, CRM Systems, Business Communications and Event Marketing. This idea of "freely" combining subject matter naturally leads to the question of multi-applicability for the learning blocks in various educational contexts. The answers to this question are interesting not only in terms of the feasibility of learning paths from a content and didactic point of view, but also with regard to the economic viability of E-Learning or Blended Learning Systems, which ultimately require technical implementation. In addition we will present some first thoughts on the design of a prototype "Content Pool". It would, however, only make sense to develop and implement this within the scope of a follow-up project.


We obtain a list of all closed 3-manifolds that are covered by two open submanifolds, each homeomorphic to an open disk bundle over S, or an open I-bundle over the 2-sphere, the projective plane, the torus, or the Klein bottle. 2


We show in some experiments that knowledge of human relationships in social psychology can be applied to the relationship between man and robot. We think that commercial robots affect consumer purchasing decisions and transformations of consumer attitudes. And we discuss the possibility of a persuading robot.


A general model for the description of traffic processes in packet communication networks is presented in this paper. The packet traffic generated by a network component is described in terms of a generalized Bernoulli process whose intensity depends on the state of the component. When the state space of the component is large, an approximate traffic characterization is proposed based on the dominant states. The latter characterization is shown to be well performing for the considered examples of practical network components. Based on the proposed general model, an analysis approach for multi-component communication networks is presented. Numerical results illustrate the inaccuracy of the widely adopted i.i.d. modelling, the effectiveness of the proposed general model and the significant complexity reduction through the adoption of the approximate one.


This note is a shortened version of my dissertation paper, defended
at Stony Brook University in December 2004. It illustrates how
dynamic complexity of a system evolves under deformations. The
objects I considered are quartic polynomial maps of the interval
that are compositions of two logistic maps. In the parameter space
$P^{Q}$ of such maps, I considered the algebraic curves
corresponding to the parameters for which critical orbits are
periodic, and I called such curves left and right bones. Using
quasiconformal surgery methods and rigidity, I showed that the bones
are simple smooth arcs that join two boundary points. I also
analyzed in detail, using kneading theory, how the combinatorics of
the maps evolve along the bones.
 The behavior of the topological entropy function of the polynomials
in my family is closely related to the structure of the
bone-skeleton. The main conclusion of the paper is that the entropy
level-sets in the parameter space that was studied are connected.


The aeroplane played a small but significant role in India's transformation from colony to republic. Through the prism of aviation, both civil and military, this book traces the story of India's journey from the Second World War to the emergence of India as a sovereign state. Drawing on archives in India and the United Kingdom, untapped personal collections, and newspaper reports it points to the critical impact of aviation on the shaping of modern South Asia. Control of aviation enabled the Indian state to survive the twin crises of partition and the war in Kashmir. The aeroplane also served as a potent symbol of modernity. The strategic and ideological importance of aircraft was not lost on other contenders for power in South Asia. The Indian princes and Pakistan both also invested substantially in aviation with a view to entrenching their sovereignty. The book makes two key arguments. First, a study of the state's relationship with aviation reveals that independent India conceptualized sovereignty in ways that diverged radically from its colonial predecessor, stressing the importance of ruptures over continuities in explaining decolonization. Second, that aviation was critical to securing and legitimating independent India. Indeed, the indispensability of aircraft would be confirmed by the independent Indian government's decision in 1953 to nationalize aviation, heralding an era of near-total state control of aviation. This book is the first comprehensive history of aviation in India and makes important interventions in a number of fields including histories of technology, warfare, politics, transport, and law.


Objective To investigate biomechanical characteristics of flexor profundus tendon repaired by modified Kessler or Tsuge technique in the early of postoperative period, and to discuss the feasibility of using two techniques in flexor tendon repair in order to proceed early active or passive mobilization protocols. Methods 42 Sanhuang cocks were randomly divided into two groups. The second and fourth flexor digitorium profoundus tendons of cocks were severed at the middle phalanx transversely and repaired by modified Kessler or Tsuge technique respectively, postoperative plaster cast immobilization was maintained for 3 weeks. The repaired tendons were harvested at 7 time intervals-immediately after repair, 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 days after operation and stored at  20 ℃ in a refrigerator until biomechanical test. A tensile strength-elongation curve was obtained for each tendon sample. Biomechanical parameters including tensile strength of rupture and elongation ratio of rupture were calculated from the curve automatically by testing machine. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Independent-samples t test for inter-group comparison; One way ANOVA and SNK q test for inter-group comparison. Results The tensile strength of rupture dropped to the lowest level between 10th and 14th day and resumed its original level immediately after repair at 21st day in modified Kessler group; while in Tsuge group, it decreased at 10th day, then slowly rised up at 14th day but still didnt reach the original level at 21st day. There was no significant difference between two repair methods after 4th day after operation. The elongation ratio of rupture was lowered significantly since 7th day in modified Kessler method, but 4th day in Tsuge method and decreased consistently until 3 weeks postoperatively. There was no significant difference between the two suture methods at any time-intervals. Conclusion The rather high biomechanical characteristics of Tsuge method loses quickly in the early period of tendon healing and resumes slowly; Modified Kessler method maintains its biomechanical properties at all time-intervals except 10th day.


This paper uses PISA data to explore cross-national comparisons of mathematics performance and educational inequality, with a focus on those countries that are characterized by high PISA scores and greater equity. The authors discuss the dangers of giving too much attention to a single year's high performer on a given international assessment. Instead, they argue that the PISA and TIMSS should be analyzed with a more nuanced set of indicators and with greater sensitivity to long-term trends. This approach can help generate new research hypotheses, identify groups of countries worthy of detailed study, and yield fresh insights on educational policy.


Located in an important biodiversity conservation area in the Yangtze River Delta, the habitats of many species have been severely eroded because of human activities such as tourism development. There is no relevant species conservation plan in place in the region, and scientific guidance on ecosystem change and corridor construction is urgently needed. In this study, we first assess ecosystem service functions based on the InVEST model; then, we assess ecological sensitivity and identify landscape resistance surfaces by constructing ecosystem sensitivity indicators; finally, we construct ecological security patterns by combining landscape resistance surfaces and circuit theory identification. The main results are as follows: (1) The high value area of ecosystem services is located in the southwest, while the northeast part of the study area has lower ecosystem services, and there is a trade-off between the ecosystem services in the study area. (2) There are 38 ecological sources in southern Anhui, with a total area of more than 5742.79 km2, that are the basic guarantees of ecological security, mainly located in the northeast of the study area, and woodland and grassland are the most important components, accounting for 18.4% of the total study area. (3) The ecological security pattern in the study area consists of 63 ecological sources, 37 important corridors, and 26 potential corridors, of which there are 28 pinch point areas and 6 barrier point patches in the study area, mainly located within Huangshan City and Xuancheng City. We recommend that when implementing restoration and rehabilitation measures in the future, policy makers should give priority to pinch points and barrier areas.


Weak non-linearities in vibrating structures can be characterized by a signal-model approach based on cascade of Hammerstein models. The experiment consists in exciting a device with a sine sweep at different levels, in order to assess the evolutions of non linearities on a wide frequency range. A method developed previously, based on exponential sine sweep, is able to give an approximative identification of the Hammerstein models, but cannot make the distinction between nonlinear distortion and stationary plant noise. Therefore, this paper proposes improvements on the method that provide a more precise estimation of the Hammerstein models through the cancellation of the plant noise: it relies on the repetition of the signal on a certain amount of periods (multi-sine sweeps) and then on the consideration of the synchronous average out of the different periods from the resulting signal. Mathematical foundations and practical implementation of the method are discussed. The second main point of improvement concerning the study of the vibrating device is the use of the Bootstrap analysis. By considering some periods randomly chosen among the multisine sweep, one can study the variability of the experiments. The method becomes more robust.


Soil erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation and often results in reduction of agricultural production and productivity in Ethiopia. Although it is a natural process, its rate has increased significantly due to anthropogenic activities. Thisresearch was conducted in Elfeta district, central Ethiopia with the purpose of assessing farmers` perception of soil erosion. A mixed research design (a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analysis) was employed and both primary and secondary data were collected. Data were collected through interview schedule assisted survey questionnaire, focus group discussion, personal observation, and life history methods. Descriptive, inferential, and econometric were employed for quantitative analysis while description, narration and content analysis were employed for qualitative analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the major causes of soil erosion identified by farmers were: deforestation, ceaseless cultivation and absence of fallowing and population growth. Farmers` perception of soil erosion wasfound to have statistically significant association with sex, education, land holding size, tenure security, farming experience, access to training, access to information, past awareness, on soil conservation and extension contact. The ordered logit analysis employed with statistically significant variables to analyze determinants for farmers' perception in the study area showed that farmers land holding size, tenure security, years of schooling, and farmers experience were significant factors determining farmers` perception of soil erosion in the study area.Ensuring community involvement in planning, designing and implementation process of conservation activities deserves special attention in the study area to improve the understanding of farmers about the dynamics of soil erosion in their area which is of paramount importance for sustainable soil and water conservation in the study area. Keywords: Farmers perception, Soil Erosion, Elfeta District


Objective To study the role of changes of blood coagulation system in occurrence and diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome. Methods Seven healthy hybrid dogs were used to establish the animal model of fat embolism syndrome by means of intravenous injection of bone marrow fat. Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, coagulation indexes and platelet aggregation test were observed at various time. After 48 hours of embolism, all dogs were sacrificed and the lung tissues were examined pathologically. Results After fat embolism, the patelets were reduced progressively as partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood decreased. Platelet aggregation test showed that platelet concentration was 278×10 9 /L before embolism, but it was decreased to 72×10 9/L from 48 hours embolism. The platelets were increased in the early phase of platelet aggregation, but decreased after 24 hours. Before embolism, the platelet concentration ratio was 35.7%, but it was increased to 48.3% from 12 hours embolism, and then decreased to 25.1% after 48 hours embolism. Pathologic examination revealed serious injury to the lung tissues. Conclusions Platelet aggregation plays an important role in occurrence of fat embolism syndrome, and progressive reduction of platelet can be considered an important evidence in the early diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome.


The isotope composition of dissolved sulphate and strontium in atmospheric deposition, groundwater, mine water and river water in the region of Freiberg was investigated to better understand the fate of these components in the regional and global water cycle. Most of the isotope variations of dissolved sulphates in atmospheric deposition from three locations sampled bi- or tri-monthly can be explained by fractionation processes leading to lower (of about 2–3‰) and higher (of about 8–10‰) values in summer compared with the winter period. These samples showed a negative correlation between and values and a weak positive correlation between and values. They reflect the sulphate formed by aqueous oxidation from long-range transport in clouds. However, these isotope variations were superimposed by changes of the dominating atmospheric sulphate source. At two of the sampling points, large variations of mean annual values from atmospheric bulk deposition were recorded. From 2008 to 2009, the mean annual value increased by about 5‰; and decreased by about 4‰ from 2009 to 2010. A change in the dominating sulphate source or oxidation pathways of SO2 in the atmosphere is proposed to cause these shifts. No changes were found in corresponding values. Groundwater, river water and some mine waters (where groundwater was the dominating sulphate source) also showed temporal shifts in their values corresponding to those of bulk atmospheric deposition, albeit to a lower degree. The mean transit time of atmospheric sulphur through the soil into the groundwater and river water was less than a year and therefore much shorter than previously suggested. Mining activities of about 800 years in the Freiberg region may have led to large subsurface areas with an enhanced groundwater flow along fractures and mined-refilled ore lodes which may shorten transit times of sulphate from precipitation through groundwater into river water.


Summary The fragmentary inscription on the ludi saeculares contains mention of two senatus consulta of year 17 BCE. This paper gives new arguments for identifying the five known consulars heading the drafting commission of the senatus consultum of 17 February: M. Iunius Silanus (cos. 25), Cn. Cornelius Lentulus (cos. 18), L. Marcius Censorinus (cos. 39), C. Asinius Pollio (cos. 40) and L. Vinicius (cos. suff. 33). This list challenges the accepted notion that senators named as members of the drafting commissions of senatus consulta (and other official documents) were always arranged according to their seniority (i.e., who had held a given office earliest). Such an open new approach could question or even significantly alter the chronology of Roman magistracies that has been accepted on the basis of seniority hierarchy so far.


Pro and Con You have reported in your Editorial (Anaesfhesiu, 1978,33, I ) that 'The overwhelming majority of the Council of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, believe that the decision must be unequivocably in favour of the foundation of an independent College of Anaesthetists.' As one who was overwhelmed during recent discussion of this matter may I follow your precedent and give my own view of the beliefs of Council? Although your statement pro is true, it is not quite the whole truth. A little weight should be given to the con side of the equation. For my part, I expressed the view that I was inadequately informed. The proposals seemed to amount to a change of name, the value of which was not clear to me. Whether the Faculty of Anaesthetists would ultimately be absorbed by the proposed College of Anaesthetists seemed uncertain. At the time, however, I acknowledged that if one really believed that to be the likely pattern of evolution, then it would make sense to facilitate the process. There was another more positive dissenter than myself and there were also expressions of concern about the feelings of the Board of Faculty of Anaesthetists. At least one member of Council said he was expressing his own personal view and that he was not sure that he would have a mandate for it from his colleagues. That comment encouraged me to make enquiries in my own region. Appreciably less than one third of the consultants and senior registrars whom I consulted were definitely in favour of a College of Anaesthetists. They all either volunteered or agreed that they did not know enough about the pros and cons. Not all seemed to be clear about the proposed changes. Some suggested a public debate.* It cannot be assumed, therefore, that the collective belief of the Council of the Association of Anaesthetists which you have reported is representative of that of its electorate. It would be unwise to assume that Council necessarily knows best.


The color characteristic parameters of the images of Peng'an 100 Jincheng leaves captured with multi-spectral camera MS3100 were acquired by the Adobe Photoshop software.Then the relationships between the color characteristic parameters processed by the mathematic transformation and normalization and the nitrogen contents of the Jincheng 100 leaves were analyzed,and the regression model were established.The results show that the color characteristic parameters,G-B,G/(R+B),(G-B)/(G+B),G/(R+G+B),g and g-b have significant non-linear correlation with the nitrogen contents,and the monitoring models of Peng'an 100 Jincheng leaf nitrogen contents based on image color parameters,G-B,(G-B)/(G+B) and G-B are better.The correlation coefficients,the determinant coefficients and the errors of prediction are same for the parameters,and 0.84,0.70 and 3.70%,respectively.Therefore,it is feasibility to monitor nitrogen content of Jincheng leaves by using computer vision technology.


For twin pregnancy, discrepancies in the crown–rump length (CRL) between two fetuses often exist. Evidence is lacking regarding which fetal CRL should be used for estimation of gestational age (GA). Our aim was to determine whether the larger, smaller or the mean CRL is more accurate in determining the GA in the first trimester of pregnancy.


Computed tomography (CT), in the context of cardiac imaging, faces numerous challenges. The heart is a complex, three-dimensional organ, which moves very rapidly and has small dimensions. The coronary arteries, the main target of cardiac CT imaging, are especially difficult to visualize by any non-invasive technique. All the same, technology progress has made the use of CT for cardiac and coronary diagnosis possible. For selected applications, including ruling out coronary artery stenoses in low-risk individuals, CT has become a clinical tool. This chapter describes the progress of CT technology, from the first commercially available CT scanner that permitted visualization of the heart with high temporal and spatial resolution in the late 1980s, to today's incarnations that utilize radiomics and artificial intelligence.


To investigate the self-reported impact of hyposalivation/xerostomia on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) reported by polymedicated patients and evaluate the association between hyposalivation/xerostomia and OHRQoL. A cross-sectional observational study was performed on 40 polymedicated patients selected from the Clínica Dentária Egas Moniz. The subjects signed a consent form, answered a questionnaire to assess xerostomia via the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (SXI-PL) and The Portuguese short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-14sp), and underwent sialometry evaluation. Patients with hyposalivation showed higher scores of SXI-PL (8.60 ± 2.56) and OHIP-14sp (16.0 ± 15.8). These findings suggest an association between hyposalivation and SXI-PL and OHIP-14sp scores (p < 0.05).


Colitis-associated colorectal carcinoma (CAC) occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) because of the "chronic inflammation-dysplasia-cancer" carcinogenesis pathway characterized by p53 alterations in the early stages. Recently, gastric metaplasia (GM) has been described as the initial event of the serrated colorectal cancer (CRC) process, resulting from chronic stress on the colon mucosa. The aim of the study is to characterize CAC analyzing p53 alterations and microsatellite instability (MSI) to explore their relationship with GM using a series of CRC and the adjacent intestinal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess p53 alterations, MSI and MUC5AC expression as a surrogate for GM. The p53 mut-pattern was found in more than half of the CAC, most frequently stable (MSS) and MUC5AC negative. Only six tumors were unstable (MSI-H), being with p53 wt-pattern (p = 0.010) and MUC5AC positive (p = 0.005). MUC5AC staining was more frequently observed in intestinal mucosa, inflamed or with chronic changes, than in CAC, especially in those with p53 wt-pattern and MSS. Based on our results, we conclude that, as in the serrated pathway of CRC, in IBD GM occurs in inflamed mucosa, persists in those with chronic changes and disappears with the acquisition of p53 mutations.


There are two contracts in force for consultants in the NHS, the pre-2003 contract and the new 2003 consultant contract. The new 2003 contract applies to all consultants first appointed after 30 October 2003, as well as those who have chosen to transfer to it.


Abstract This paper presents a method for the (re)construction of a simple closed polygon (2D) or polyhedron (3D) passing through all the points of a given set. The points are assumed to lie on the boundary of a closed object without through-passages and inner voids. No a priori knowledge about any topological relation between the points, or additional information such as sample density or normal vectors, is used. The construction technique is based on a parameterized geometric graph, the γ-Neighborhood Graph. The hull of the γ-Neighborhood Graph is iteratively constricted, exploiting geometric information incorporated in the graph. This constriction technique provides a uniform approach for 2D and 3D.


The adoption of the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) as the foundation for developing a new generation of software systems - known as Service Based Software Systems (SBS), poses new challenges in system design. While simulation as a methodology serves a principal role in design, there is a growing recognition that simulation of SBS requires modeling capabilities beyond those that are developed for the traditional distributed software systems. In particular, while different component-based modeling approaches may lend themselves to simulating the logical process flows in Service Oriented Computing (SOC) systems, they are inadequate in terms of supporting SOA-compliant modeling. Furthermore, composite services must satisfy multiple QoS attributes under constrained service reconfigurations and hardware resources. A key desired capability, therefore, is to model and simulate not only the services consistent with SOA concepts and principles, but also the hardware and network components on which services must execute on. In this dissertation, SOC-DEVS - a novel co-design modeling methodology that enables simulation of software and hardware aspects of SBS for early architectural design evaluation is developed. A set of abstractions representing important service characteristics and service relationships are modeled. The proposed software/hardware co-design simulation capability is introduced into the DEVS-Suite simulator. Exemplar simulation models of a communication intensive Voice Communication System and a computation intensive Encryption System are developed and then validated using data from an existing real system. The applicability of the SOC-DEVS methodology is demonstrated in a simulation testbed aimed at facilitating the design & development of SBS. Furthermore, the simulation testbed is extended by integrating an existing prototype monitoring and adaptation system with the simulator to support basic experimentation towards design & development of Adaptive SBS.


A general expression for the spectrum of the dc-link current of three-phase Voltage Source inverters is derived for load unbalances, defining positive, negative and zero sequence components. Several inverter modulations are then considered and the corresponding properties of the dc-link current are analysed.


A streamlined entry into the sesquiterpene lactone (SQL) cores of linearifolin and zaluzanin A is described. Stereochemistry is controlled through transformations uncovered by ISES (In Situ Enzymatic Screening). Absolute stereochemistry derives from kinetic resolution of 5-benzyloxypentene-1,2-oxide, utilizing a β-pinene-derived-Co(III)-salen. Relative stereochemistry (1,3-cis-fusion) is set via formal halometalation/carbocyclization, mediated by [Rh(O(2)CC(3)F(7))(2)](2)/LiBr. Subsequent ring-closing metathesis (RCM-Grubbs II) yields the title exomethylene-δ-lactone SQL cores. In complementary fashion, RCM with Grubbs-I catalyst provides the oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl core of xerophilusin R and zinagrandinolide.


This paper presents an investigation into development of feed-forward and feedback control strategies for active vibration suppression and attitude control of flexible spacecrafts. The feed-forward loop consists of a computed-torque scheme and a command shaping technique based on component synthesis vibration suppression (CSVS) method. For relaxing the requirements of dynamic linearity in traditional input component command in CSVS method, a new approach is developed for designing the input component command by utilizing a structure in which the modal forces of flexible modes vibration are shaped according to a predefined trajectory, which improves the performance of CSVS method in vibration suppression for the nonlinear attitude dynamics. On the other hand, to follow the predefined trajectory identically or at least as closely as possible, a model-independent feedback control loop is proposed, which can accomplish further reduction of the residual vibration of flexible appendages. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy


SUMMARY A number of nucleophiles have been successfully identified and quantified using the Krohnke reaction with 2,3,-diphenyl derivatives of quinolizinium salts. Optimization of the reaction conditions by means of a mathematical model involving analysis of the response surface has led to a better understanding of the factors exerting an influence on the above reaction. The parameters chosen were temperature, reaction time, base concentration, water concentration and nucleophile concentration. The reaction was developed in polar aprotic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile). To facilitate the nucIeophilic attack, the presence of an organic base (triethylamine) was necessary, although concentrations in excess of 0.15M did not alter the development of the reaction. Since pharmaceutical solutions are often aqueous, the influence of water on the reaction was studied. Low water volumes have no significant influence on the opening of the quinolizinium ring by the nucleophilic reagent. However, when the water proportion exceeded that of the organic solvent, the fluorescence intensity was lower than expected. Development of the fluorescent reaction product was first detected 5 min after the reaction started. The fluorescence intensity reached its optimum value after 138 min.


"Intangible cultural heritage" became so popular in Chinese society with the launching day of "Cultural Heritage" in 2006.There are so many intangible cultural heritage resources in Guangdong and most of them in the national rank for protection,but the current situations for protection are not so optimistic,and especially some arts are lack of successors and face the risk of lost.This paper explores the effective ways for intangible cultural heritage protection in accordance to the characteristics of the intangible cultural heritage combined with tourism economics viewpoints based on the current situation of intangible cultural heritage in Guangdong province to create tourism and protection of intangible cultural heritage for win-win situation and recommendation.


Seeking to keep in step with life and give real assistance to the schools of its own region, the Chair of Pedagogy and Psychology of the Adygey Teachers' Training College has subordinated its scientific-research work to the most actual tasks of the school.


The invention discloses a soilless planting method for African mesembryanthemum crystallinum. The soilless planting method for the African mesembryanthemum crystallinum specifically includes the steps of seedling culturing, seedling transplanting, field planting, nutrient solution mixing, watering, nutrient solution compensation managing and harvesting. Compared with a traditional mesembryanthemum crystallinum soil-planting method, the soilless planting method has the advantages that the soilless planting method cannot be affected by weather difference, region difference and soil difference, so that production and supply can be arranged according to marketing needs; the African mesembryanthemum crystallinum planted by the soil-planting method needs to planted in soil for at least 4 months before harvesting, and the African mesembryanthemum crystallinum planted by the soilless planting method only needs to be planted for about 40 days before harvesting, so that a harvesting cycle is shortened substantially; the African mesembryanthemum crystallinum planted by the soilless planting method is wider and larger in rachises and leaves, higher in nutrient mineral content and fresher and cooler in taste; less investment, easiness in operation, low cost, fertilizer saving, water saving, labor saving, high quality, high yield and the like are achieved.


OBJECTIVES: To describe the profile of tuberculosis reported cases and analyze the factors associated with treatment nonadherence in the state of Parana. METHODS: Ecological study that presented the TB cases reported between 2006 and 2010, using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, with significance level of 5%. RESULTS: During this period, 15,077 cases were reported, of which 84.2% were new cases. The majority of patients were male, skin color/ ethnicity white, and more than half were less than 40 years old with low education. Incidence rates and treatment nonadherence were higher than national rates. Less than half had directly observed therapy. Young, alcoholics, unemployed individuals with low education and previous treatment nonadherence were more likely not to adhere to treatment. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of these aspects can support a more effective strategy in combating tuberculosis treatment nonadherence.


Perioperative antithrombotic therapy could play a role in preventing thromboembolic complications (TEC) after kidney transplantation (KTx), but little is known on postoperative bleeding risks. This retrospective analysis comprises 2000 single‐organ KTx recipients transplanted between 2011 and 2016 in the two largest transplant centers of the Netherlands. TEC and bleeding events were scored ≤7 days post‐KTx. Primary analyses were for associations of antithrombotic therapy with incidence of TEC and bleeding. Secondary analyses were for associations of other potential risk factors. Mean age was 55 ± 14 years, 59% was male and 60% received a living donor kidney. Twenty‐one patients (1.1%) had a TEC. Multiple donor arteries [OR 2.79 (1.15–6.79)] and obesity [OR 2.85 (1.19–6.82)] were identified as potential risk factors for TEC. Bleeding occurred in 88 patients (4.4%) and incidence varied significantly between different antithrombotic therapies (P = 0.006). Cardiovascular disease [OR 2.01 (1.18–3.42)], pre‐emptive KTx [OR 2.23 (1.28–3.89)], postoperative heparin infusion [OR 1.69 (1.00–2.85)], and vitamin K antagonists [OR 6.60 (2.95–14.77)] were associated with an increased bleeding risk. Intraoperative heparin and antiplatelet therapy were not associated with increased bleeding risk. These regimens appear to be safe for the possible prevention of TEC without increasing the risk for bleeding after KTx.


Summary

Elastodynamic calculations were made to determine the radiation spectra from explosively driven ellipsoidal cavities in an unbounded medium. A finite element code was used to compute the displacements on the cavity surface and the integral representation theorem was then invoked to find the displacements in the far field. The method was applied to ellipsoids with 3 : 1 and 10 : 1 aspect ratios and the results were compared to the analytic solution for a sphere of equal volume. Both the peak amplitude and the spectrum of the particle velocities were found to be strongly dependent on direction. For example, along the major axis of the 10:1 ellipsoid, the peak amplitude of the radial velocity component is approximately 7.5 times smaller than along the minor axis, and the frequency at which the peak occurs is 4 times smaller.

These results are of some importance in the potential use of large cavities for decoupling underground nuclear explosions since it may be possible to orient similar cavities in such a way as to mitigate, at least in certain directions, the predicted reduction of the decoupling factor at high frequencies.


The present invention relates to an auxiliary device for the cargo handling. Auxiliary means is a strip, the strip is arranged on the base (10), a load (11) below, the projection extending along a direction in the strip (12), both to the load (11) and said base (10) separated, and increase the friction between the base (10) and said load (11), so as to be moved by the pull on the strip (12) of the load (11 ).


Business information systems have radically transformed business processes with the emergence of new digital communication forms. However, employees still communicate verbally and on paper as well. This study analyses internal and external communication of three business units through an analysis of 60 to 150 communication genres in each. According to the results, 51% to 59% of internal stored communication was digital adding up to 52 58% when external communication was included. The degree of internal digitalisation correlated better with the outbound than with the inbound communication. In one case, a publication pattern dominated the communication. In another case, a digitalised supply chain pattern drove the digitalisation. In the third case, the internal verbal coordination and the publication pattern were both present. These results suggest that the dominating patterns have major impact on media selection in organisations and guide the digitalisation and emergence of new business information systems.


Précis: The inferior>superior>temporal rim width rate (IST pattern) rather than inferior≥superior≥nasal≥temporal (ISNT) pattern was suited for screening glaucoma in Japanese subjects. Failure of the IST pattern was associated with several important risk factors for glaucoma. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find a rim width rate pattern to yield the highest positive likelihood ratio (LR+) in detecting glaucoma eyes and to identify risk factors for glaucoma correlating with its failure in a population-based setting. Methods: Disc stereophotographs of 2474 eyes of 2474 normal subjects and 237 eyes of 237 glaucoma subjects found in the Kumejima Study were analyzed using computer-assisted planimetry. Among all combinations of the inferior (I), superior (S), nasal (N) and/or temporal (T) rim width rate, a pattern showing the highest LR+ was selected and risk factors for glaucoma correlating with its failure were determined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The average I, S, N, and T rim widths (SD) were 0.45 (0.10), 0.39 (0.09), 0.47 (0.11), and 0.27 (0.07) mm. Among all combinations, the I>S>T rim width rate pattern (IST pattern) disregarding the N rim width showed the highest LR+ of 2.002 (95% confidence interval, 1.778–2.253). Failure of the IST pattern in normal eyes correlated with a smaller disc area (P<0.001) and disc ovality (P=0.005) and larger β-peripapillary area (P<0.001) and compliance with in glaucoma eyes with a smaller β-PPA area (P=0.027), thicker central corneal thickness (P=0.017), lower intraocular pressure (P=0.019), and higher body mass index (P=0.037). Conclusion: Among all combinations, the I>S>T rim width pattern, the IST pattern, yielded the highest LR+ in detecting glaucoma in Japanese glaucoma eyes and its failure of or compliance with the pattern significantly correlated with several known risk factors for glaucoma.


Inventory management is the main task of an organization to reach its objective of maintaining the number of stocks precisely and minimizing waste. Web-based inventory management in a university environment is expected to help the employees in keeping up with innovations on the status of tools and equipment. It is only fitting that inventory data management is also capable of accommodating distance. The use of the internet by using mobile computing which automatically can do tagging of inventories including information about the coordinate will broaden the potential of database using mobile computing technology with wireless data communication aided with 2D-barcode decoding automatization makes it possible to synchronize (record and track) on-line to the central database using some computers that work simultaneously and directly from the field. This inventory system can synchronize data directly from the field and the information can simultaneously be accessed by the users. Mobile computing (android Smartphone, computer tablet) is used as a mobile station that is capable of decoding the tags of inventories and buildings (in the 2D-barcode) and associating automatically with the database wireless networks and the internet to eliminate the distance factor and overhead-process (pre-processing of data from the field to the data storing station).


This is a story about the rise and rise of mental illness...

I used to be a Sea Scout. The motto of the Scouts is "Be Prepared".
When


For multilayer sandstone reservoir 1, high permeability water passage would be formed between oil well and water well at the later stage of water drive. This caused the injected water circulation with no or low efficiency and thus decreased the production of oil wells. In order to improve the effect of water drive, measures of profile control and/or water shutoff must be taken. The key problem is to recognize the wells and layers having ineffective or low-efficiency water passage. In this paper, the identifying indexes have been determined and corresponding mathematical model has been constructed with fuzzy theory.


Objective To investigate the preparation and application of a kind of discoloration dilution suitable for clinical application in anti-HBc assay.Methods Choose one acid-base indicator from the neutral-near indicators to compound a discoloration dilution of needed concentration. Then use colorless and discoloration dilution to detect the anti-HBc simultaneously.Results Anti-HBc positive or negative results were coincident with that detected with colorless and discoloration dilution. The linear correlation of them was very good (r=0.995,P0.05).Conclusion Discoloration dilution in clinical use can greatly increase the reliability and efficiency of the experiment,effectively avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.


Because the sustainability of the economic development model has drawn much attention recently, the academic circle and the government have begun to focus on the population of minority areas. In past literature, due to the lack of the positive analysis of the relationship between minority population transition and economic development, and due to sample limitation and other factors, the research result is not very convincing. This paper used the economic convergence theory to establish a theoretical model, and selected the panel data in eight minority-concentrated provinces from 1992 to 2012 to analyze the impact of population transition in these provinces on economic growth. The result reveals a significant positive correlation between investment, human capital, the growth rate of labor and per capita GDP growth, a significant negative correlation between children's dependency ratio and per capita GDP growth, and an uncertain relationship between elderly dependency ratio and per capita GDP growth. To maximize the democratic dividend, it is necessary to speed up the development of educational undertakings in minority areas, and to accelerate the industrial structure transition of minority areas. It is also important to perfect institutional improvement of minority areas.


Flow cytometry is uniquely capable of making sensitive and quantitative multiparameter fluorescence measurements with discrimination of free from particle-bound fluorophore. Recent advances in mixing and sample delivery have extended these capabilities into the sub-second time domain. Access to these time scales has enabled us to use flow cytometry to measure molecular interactions. Using the general approach of immobilizing one molecule on a microsphere and fluorescently labeling another, we have been able to make real-time measurements of ligand-receptor and enzyme-substrate interactions involving proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. We are developing schemes for immobilizing active biological molecules in defined and homogeneous orientations relative to the surface. We are also developing approaches for homogeneous fluorescent labeling of active biomolecules and calibration schemes for quantitative measurements by flow cytometry. We will present several examples of applications of this new technology, including DNA- and protein-protein interactions, nucleic acid hybridization, and interactions on artificial membrane surfaces. These approaches should have wide applications for mechanistic analysis, diagnostics, and drug development.


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 The widespread use of the Internet has given university students access to information resources on a level never experienced in the past. The bad news is that this issue increased the inappropriate use of those resources. In this paper we discuss the experience of using the Turnitin anti-plagiarism license. In total, 358 assignments were analyzed. We partly noticed a learning effect among students between assignment deliveries. The main conclusions drawn from the use of Turnitin anti-plagiarism license are positive and we have seen how students have become aware of the existence of this tool in the evaluation process, which in turn has led to greater attention and dedication to the writing process and to the development of ideas and concepts. It has also allowed to diminish suspicions about the authenticity of the work handed by the students, valuing the real effort, improving their relationship with the teacher reinforcing the authority of the latter. The incorporation of the license can also lead to some negative aspects: The generation of a feeling of rejection by the student by the exaggerated perception of control, the adaptation of written work to Turnitin requirements and the legal vacuum surrounding the dissemination of student work.


What is the role of attention in the dialectics of memory and communication? In how far is attention functioning as a medium? Which role does attention play in the information management practices? Attention is not only fundamental to human existence but also to the process of understanding. If understanding is mediated by memory (tradition) and communication (dialogue) then attention can be identified with the medium. So whenever you search to explain the role and mecanisms of memory in the information society, the question of attention is asked immediately. Furthermore, attention can be analysed under the following topics: as cognitive process, as subjevtive, intersubjective and cultural phenomenon and as resource and medium within an 'Attention Economy'. Whereas the first aspect has to be seen in the context of empirical studies in psychology and cognitive sciences, the phenomenological, cultural and economic aspects seem to have common points and similar implications in their theoretical approaches. In the last 20 years, the notion of attention has been the central core of several discourses in German phenomenology (Bernhard Waldenfels 2004), economy (Georg Franck 1998) and cultural studies (Aleida Assmann 2001). Similar to Georg Francks theory of mental capitalism, the idea of an attention economy also was followed up in the American disourse (e.g. Goldhaber, Davenport, Lanham). This article is supposed to explore the role of attention and its function as a medium within communication, cultural memory and science.


A brief Postlude critiques societies' common narratives around trauma as a source of beauty, musical and otherwise. It asks whether tropes of "tortured artists" and "no pain no gain" foreclose imaginations of realities in which the beautiful can—or should—exist without the romantic mandates of incipient terror.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between gratitude and workplace friendship with affective well-being (AWB) at work amongst millennial employees. Specifically, it details the mediating effect of workplace friendship in explaining the linkages between gratitude and AWB at work.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a sample of 272 millennial workers in this study. A survey invitation was sent out to all of the respondents through email. A 20-item job-related AWB (Van Katwyk et al., 2000) scale was used to measure AWB. Workplace friendship was measured using six-items of the workplace friendship scale (Nielsen et al., 2000) and gratitude was measured using McCullough et al.'s (2002) six-item gratitude questionnaire (GQ-6).

Findings
The study found that gratitude and workplace friendship enhanced workplace AWB among millennial workers. Workplace friendship functioned as a mediator, which delivered the effect from gratitude towards workplace AWB. Gratitude was found to positively predict workplace friendship and subsequently workplace friendship positively predicted workplace AWB.

Practical implications
Nurturing positive feelings at work through excellent psychosocial resources and healthy work friendships would improve millennial workers well-being. Henceforth, encouraging millennial employees to cultivate workplace friendships, can help the manager to enhance millennial employees' feeling of belongingness, and thus, promote better AWB.

Originality/value
Investment on employee's human capital and values can be valuable resources to increase millennial employees' performance at work. Millennial workers are a unique generation that put emphasis on the subjective experience. Hence, capitalising on their subjective experience can be one of the keys to better increase their well-being and performance at work.


the purpose of this paper is to design and analyse a 4speed hybrid gearbox which can transmit power from two power sources namely IC engine and motor. This Gearbox is designed especially for a student formula design of gears followed by the analysis of the gears and shafts along with the casing of the gearbox. The powertrain consists of engine with a displacement of 306 cc and a 2 KW, 48V, 7.5A motor. The gearbox is intended to amplify and transmit a power of 5.35 KW from the engine and 2KW from the motor to the wheels. With this kind of gearbox, the limitations that are present in the two dominant kinds of power sources for commercial vehicles i.e., IC engines and electric motors can be overcome. The vehicle can be used as a complete fossil fuel powered vehicle, completebattery powered vehicle or as a combination of both. The result of this paper deals with the designing and analysis of a hybrid gearbox which can be used as a solution for the limitations pertaining to the fossil fuel powered and battery powered vehicles and leverage the benefits of a hybrid vehicle.


Abstract : This thesis describes a body of work specifically addressing the design and fabrication of a MEMS-based microanalytical system capable of studying the dielectrophoresis of biological macromolecules such as DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Through a process of discovery that involved extensive theoretical and literature based analysis coupled with laboratory validation and extension of current dielectrophoresis knowledge, it was concluded that DNA studied in this research exhibited both negative and positive dielectrophoresis depending upon the frequency of the applied electric field. Such knowledge may lead to the application of dielectrophoresis separation techniques for DNA.


Empress Wu Zetian's reign lasted for 44 years,during which the palace examination system,local administration system and agricultural system were established,and as a result,great social progress was made.Wu promoted the building of Buddhist temples and statues of Buddha,and paid special attention to writing Buddhist scripture,translating Buddhist sacred literature,and making up for deficiencies of scripture catalogue.It is justifiable to say that the development and prosperity of Buddhist culture in the Tang Dynasty owe much to Wu Zetian,a very capable politician.


In this brief review I will touch upon the main points and thends of observational and theoretical cosmology, that influence and change today our understanding of the Universe.


From naval operations feedback, multimedia data are often used in decision making process. The study aim is to optimize multimedia data management. We decided to use a centered user design to better express operational needs with a full demonstrator connected to a simulated environment. Secondly, this demonstrator has been connected on board a frigate. Simultaneously, we introduced new methods to design future use of emerging technologies and to manage future use risks.


This chapter analyzes the historical and political context of allotment gardens and community gardens in German cities. Despite considerable differences, the two garden types face similar problems in terms of "Bestandsgarantie" (the guarantees for their existence) and their being vulnerable to the valorization of city space in a neoliberal economic environment. Both garden types must be seen as elements of the urban commons. The chapter furthermore discusses the vernacular amateur design, distinguishing both types from aristocratic gardens and public parks. Both garden types create human relations and communities in the city, acting as catalysts for integration, and both have adapted (in terms of the character of human relations and their garden design) to historical and cultural changes. Vernacular gardens in cities invite a reconceptualization of environmentality towards an inclusion of the dimensions of lived space.


The invention relates to a pipe coupling in the form of a rotary joint of a loading arm for transport of cold media, in particular liquefied gases, comprising a first tube fixing member which is rotatably mounted with respect to a second tube fixing member, wherein the pipe fastening parts form an inner ring, while spaced apart therefrom, an outer ring is formed and the tube fixing members are arranged sealed to each other and the pipe coupling comprises a bearing and the bearing allows rotation of the tubular mounting members. Moreover, the invention includes a method of insulating holding a bearing in a form of a rotary joint pipe coupling.


This research pursues the study of elastic-anisotropic properties of rocks at the lower part of the Outokumpu drill hole cross-section in Finland. Earlier, the authors presented the investigation results of the drill hole down to a depth of 1 km [1]. The investigation was aimed at determining elastic and non-elastic characteristics of 29 core samples taken in the 1 – 2.5 km range. It has shown that all the rock samples studied pertain to the orthorhombic symmetry type. All the common effects arising during propagation of elastic waves in the anisotropic mediums present at the rock samples studied in a variable degree. The determinations were done on the basis of the latest improvement of the acoustopolarization method with devices for determining elastic properties [2-4]. The data obtained are a continuation of the study cycle of rocks from deep and superdeep drill holes (Kola SG-3, Ural SG-4 and German KTB) with the acoustopolarization method assisted.


Progress in the development of LMFBR and GCFR breeding blanket design parameters is reported under the following headings: interface self-shielding and advanced blanket investigations.


Abstract This work describes methods to extend a conventional query optimizer to model and yield multiple plans per query, and to schedule the resulting multiple-plan packages. This research focuses on one run-time resource, the buffer pool. A query's plans for a given query are bundled together into a package. At run-time, a scheduler decides when to admit a package, and then chooses one among the plans in an admitted package. The chosen plan is one that is compatible with available buffers as determined by a variety of scheduling policies. The experimental results verified that a single plan as generated by a query optimizer is not the best one when run-time resources are considered.


A general-purpose, fully interconnected neural-net chip was used to perform computationally intensive tasks for handwritten digit recognition. The chip has nearly 3000 programmable connections, which can be set for template matching. The templates can be reprogrammed as needed during the recognition sequence. The recognition process proceeds in four major steps. First, the image is captured using a TV camera and a digital framegrab. This image is converted, using a digital computer, to either black or white pixels and scaled to fill a 16*16-pixel frame. Next, using the neural-net chip, the image is skeletonized, i.e. the image is thinned to a backbone one pixel wide. Then, the chip is programmed, and a feature map is created by template-matching stored primitive patterns on the chip with regions on the skeletonized image. Finally, recognition, based on the feature map, is achieved using any one of a variety of statistical and heuristic techniques on a digital computer. Best scores range between 90% and 99% correct classification, depending on the quality of the original handwritten digits.<<ETX>>


In early 2004 China began implementation of a national Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) program where opiate-addicted drug users could access methadone on a daily basis as they needed it. As of December 2005, 58 clinics in 10 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities had provided voluntary outpatient treatment to more than 6500 opiate-addicted drug users. Funded with money earmarked for HIV programs, the program hopes to eventually reach 105,000 individuals. The creation of this new service has sparked lively conversation among policy-makers, many of whom frame their support of or opposition to the program in terms of its potential effect on national security. The Chinese Vice-Minister of Health argued that the program is important because such efforts "not only control the spread of diseases, but also bring us a stable society." Meanwhile, a police officer wrote that MMT creates an environment where "drug users will eventually fear nothing" and may threaten non-drug using populations.


In this paper, we mainly focus on the problem of quantised feedback stabilisation of a stochastic discrete-time linear system with white noise input. The dynamic quantiser is used here. The stability of the system under state quantisation and input quantisation is analysed in detail, respectively. Both the convergence of the state's mean and the boundedness of the state's covariance matrix norm should be considered when analysing its stability. It is shown that for the two situations of the state quantisation and the input quantisation, if the system without noise input can be stabilised by a linear feedback law, it must be stabilised by the dynamic quantised feedback control policy. The sufficient conditions that the dynamic quantiser should satisfy are given. Using the results obtained in this paper, one can test whether the stochastic system is stabilisable or not. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the results.


Lydgate's character is built up for us in stages. He is first presented against a background of 'old provincial society' into which he has entered by coming to Middlemarch. The reason why he comes to Middlemarch is to keep away 'from the range of London intrigues, jealousies and social truckling, and win celebrity ... by the independent value of his own work'. Can he confront Middlemarch society successfully without giving up any of his ideals? In the end, the answer is 'No'. He is trapped into marriage not only by Rosamond, the selfish and socially ambitious girl he marries, but also by both the good and the bad aspects of his own character. He is a good man with a weakness, and the weakness destroys him: in this he is the perfect Aristotelian tragic hero. There is much evidence that his creator admired him: in the account she gives of his discovery of his vocation, her description of his zeal for reform, her admiring insistence on the fundamental nature of his research, her insistence on his generosity, intelligence and idealism. His defects are closely related to his virtues, and in exposing them George Eliot shows her characteristic moral subtlety. Her description of his 'spots ofcommonness' is a key passage. And he is vulnerable in his attitude to women: he wanted a wife to be 'polished, refined, docile', to play the same part in his life as 'flowers and music'. Further, he fails the 'Garth test'. The Garth family provide the moral centre of the novel, embodying the author's ideals of integrity, conscientiousness and selfknowledge. In dismissing Mary Garth as of no interest, Lydgate is shown as morally obtuse.


The main observation of this note is that the Lebesgue measure μ in the TuránNazarov inequality for exponential polynomials can be replaced with a certain geometric invariant ω ≥ μ, which can be effectively estimated in terms of the metric entropy of a set, and may be nonzero for discrete and even finite sets. While the frequencies (the imaginary parts of the exponents) do not enter the original Turán-Nazarov inequality, they necessarily enter the definition of ω.


We present the first observation by transmission electron microscopy of glass densification induced by Bragg grating inscription in two germanosilicate single-mode optical fibers.


Introduction: Traditionally, ventilatory mechanics has been delivered in controlled modes through the use of inappropriate approaches for spontaneous ventilation. Objective: To measure the changes of ventilatory mechanics caused by PEEP and pressure support (PS) variations in non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Materials and methods: The ventilatory mechanics was evaluated through a non-invasive strategy, under different PEEP and pressure support levels. For this purpose, a mechanical simulator was used, and a database of 14 healthy subjects non-invasively connected to a mechanical ventilator was recorded. Results: For the 14 healthy subjects under PEEP and pressure support conditions of 0 cmH2O, the median resistance and compliance values were 91.2 [77.8-135.9] mL/cmH2O and 8.3[6.1-10.4]cmH2O/L/s, respectively. PEEP compliance showed a statistically significant increase in all subjects. On the other hand, no changes in any of the parameters were observed regarding pressure support increase. Conclusions: The proposed technique allowed to find compliance and resistance values consistent with those set in the mechanical simulator, which, in turn, coincide with those reported in the literature for healthy subjects. This information is useful for decision-making in intensive care units..


Poly(exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride)s [poly(ETA)s] and poly(-ethoxy-exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthaloyl-5-fluorouracil)s [poly(EETFU)s ] with various average molecular weights were prepared by photopolymerizations. The number average molecular weights of the fractionated poly(ETA)s and poly(EETFU)s determined by GPC were in the range of 3,600∼21,000 and 3,600-33,400, respectively. The release rate of 5-FU from poly(EETFU) decreased with increasing average molecular weight. The in vitro cytotoxicity of poly(ETA) against a normal cell line was lower than that of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), The in vivo antitumor activities of the synthesized samples at dosage of 0.8 mg/kg against mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor cell line decreased in the following order: poly(EETFU) > poly(ETA) > EETFU > ETA > 5-FU. The antiangiogenic activities of the poly(ETA)s were better than those of 5-FU.


We systematically study the fluorescence of low-density Frenkel excitons in a crystal slab containing N-T V-type three-level atoms. Based on symmetric quasispin realization of SU(3) in large N limit, the two-mode exciton operators are invoked to depict various collective excitations of the collection of these V-type atoms starting from their ground state. By making use of the rotating-wave approximation, the light intensity of radiation for the single-lattice layer is investigated in detail. As a quantum coherence effect, the quantum beat phenomenon is discussed in detail for different initial excitonic states. We also test the above results analytically without the consideration of the rotating-wave approximation and the self-interaction of radiance field is also included.


Romanticism's valuing of love and the life of the imagination, combined with its belief in human potential taken heroically to and beyond its limits, provides a way of addressing differently and fruitfully certain issues to do with pedagogy in schools, making in particular better sense of what it means to be an effective teacher and a productive learner in such contexts.


With regards to confidentiality, cryptography is used to encrypt data residing on storage devices or traveling through communication channels to avoid any illegal access. Also, cryptography is used to secure the process of authenticating the parties which attempt any function on the system. Since a party wishing be granted a certain functionality on the system must present something as a proof that they indeed who they say they are. That something is sometimes known as credentials and additional measures must be taken to ensure that these credentials are only used by their authorized owner. The most classic credential used is passwords. Passwords are stored in encrypted format to protect against illegal usage. Identity Based Cryptography is an important concept of public key cryptography. Elliptic Curve is now being used in designing many cryptographic protocols. Pairing based protocols are used in many protocols and pairing has found applications in the solution of ID – based Cryptographic schemes and short signature schemes. Pairing-based cryptography does pairing between elements of two cryptographic groups to a third group with a mapping e: G1 * Gs -> GT to construct or analyze cryptographic systems. Keywords— Identity based Cryptography, Public Key, Private key, authorisation, digital signature.


This paper manages the equipment usage of the as of late presented Probabilistic Gradient-Descent Bit Flipping (PGDBF) decoder. The PGDBF is another kind of hard-choice decoder for Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code, with enhanced blunder adjustment execution because of the presentation of think arbitrary annoyance in the figuring units. In the PGDBF, the irregular bother works amid the bit-flipping venture, with the target to maintain a strategic distance from the fascination of alleged catching arrangements of the LDPC code. In this paper, we propose a capable mechanical assembly organizing which limits the favorable position overhead expected to execute the sporadic aggravations of the PGDBF. Our organizing relies on the usage of a Short Random Sequence (SRS) that is imitated to completely apply the PGDBF loosening up standards, and on an improvement of the most mind boggling pioneer unit.


Background: Adjuncts added to local anaesthetics improve the quality of regional blocks. We compared clonidine and fentanyl as adjuncts to bupivacaine with respect to onset, completion, duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia, haemodynamics and complications. Materials and Methods: Eighty American Society of Anaesthesiologists Grade I and II patients scheduled for upper limb surgery under supraclavicular brachial plexus block were allocated to two equal groups by randomisation and double blinding. Both received 25ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1µg/kg of clonidine in BC group and 1µg/kg of fentanyl in BF group. Onset, completion, duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia, haemodynamics and complications were studied. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and Standard t-test. Result: Onset and completion of sensory and motor block was significantly lower in BC group (4.75 ± 0.51 and 19.98 ± 0.97) and (6.40 ± 0.63 and 23.50 ± 1.26) compared to BF group (7.10 ± 0.84 and 22.95 ± 1.08) and (8.85 ± 0.95 and 26.50 ± 1.22) (P = 0.001). Duration of sensory and motor block was significantly higher in BC group (489.75 ± 21.45) and (476.00 ± 20.54) compared to BF group (398.20 ± 19.84) and (395.00 ± 19.55) (P = 0.001). Duration of analgesia was significantly higher in BC group (507.63 ± 21.36) compared to BF group (425.75 ± 20.05) (P = 0.001). No significant adverse effects were noted. Conclusion: Clonidine as an adjuvant has an extra edge over fentanyl in terms of faster onset of sensory, motor block and longer duration of analgesia.


Advances in understanding the fundamental properties of atoms, molecules and ions constitute a large portion of the 1970 literature on dielectrics. This chapter presents only those papers which make a significant contribution in these areas of dielectric phenomena either through a theoretical analysis or experimental data directed toward a theoretical understanding. Papers that would be more appropriately discussed under the specific titles of other chapters have been omitted.


The use of literature,logical analysis and empirical analysis,research methods,participating in the Olympic Games projects in Liaoning on the core competitiveness of the content,features and elements,and in-depth analysis of influence and control projects in Liaoning Olympic entries formed the core competitiveness of the main factors Based on the proposed creating core competitiveness to achieve a comprehensive project in Liaoning entries winning strategy.


In this paper,we study the reverse Hilbert-type inequalities.By introducing two pairs of conjugate exponents and using the method of weight function and real analysis and the method of introducing parameters,a reverse Hilbert-type integral inequality and its equivalent forms on a subinterval with the best constant factors and the general homogeneous kernel are established and then some extensions of the published results are given.A few inequalities with particular kernels are considered.The theorems and lemmas provide and extend an amount of this type of inequalities.


As I have already discussed In[1], only some simple theoretical ideas are needed wanting to unify the notions "mass", "charge", and "Metric". As I have already discussed In[1], this includes Einstein's field equations of gravitation and the equation of geodetic lines just like basic limiting cases such as Poisson's equations for masses and charges and Newton's equation of Motion for masses and charges. As I have already discussed In[1], the forces and fields of masses and charges just like the dynamics and statics of masses and charges then can be treated comprehensively under a generalized point of view defined by these simple ideas, in particular, defined by the ideas "charge-corrected mass", "mass charge–exchange relation", "Vacuum tension" or "generation tension", and "mass–charge metric". Certainly, these ideas are simple in comparison to other attempts to develop a unified theory of masses and charges based upon the notion "metric". Certainly, the physical interpretations established to gain a graphic access to these ideas require much more inspiration and transpiration in comparison to other attempts to develop a unified theory of masses and charges based upon the notion "metric". Certainly, some notional barriers must be overcome wanting to gain access to the congruity of these ideas. However, realizing what the observables are, these ideas are consistent with basic laws such as the energy–mass formula and the Lorentz transformation, also fulfilling the requirements of quantum systems ("wave–particle systems"), in comparison to the macroscopic masses and charges that have been assumed in[1], characterized by microscopic masses and charges. Let me work out this in more detail in this publication departing from the notions introduced in[1], in this context, a further time speaking of generalized Einstein field theory (GEFT).