Emotion, as a classic topic in psychological studies, has been intensively investigated by scholars across disciplines. In discursive psychology, emotion discourse refers to the rich variety and situated uses of emotion words and metaphors. Many studies of emotion in discursive psychology focus on the rhetorical contrasts of emotion. Conceptual analysis is another significant part of emotion discourse, and one that requires further investigation. To reveal how people describe and evoke emotions in discourse, this article starts with a reinterpretation of emotion in discursive psychology, followed by setting up an emotion system from a systemic functional perspective to illustrate how conceptual analysis may be conducted and rhetorical contrasts explored. During the process of establishing the emotion system, the paper elaborates upon the emotion concept and rhetorical contrasts on the basis of four illustrative examples taken from authentic extracts (including news and testimonies). The paper discusses the purpose behind the construction of the emotion system in terms of (1) the constituents in conceptual analysis and rhetorical contrasts of discursive psychology from a functional perspective, (2) the collaboration between conceptual analysis and rhetorical contrasts, (3) the traits of the emotion system as a method of discursive psychology analysis.


A MEMS based tribometer has been developed that can be read out with nanometer and nano-Newton resolution, approaching the resolution and sensitivity of a friction force microscope (FFM). It can be used to study friction of MEMS device sidewall surfaces. We find repeatable but irregular stick-slip behavior related to the surface roughness or surface modification (wear), depending on the normal force between the sliding surfaces. In addition, we show that normal force modulation can decrease the apparent friction even though the average normal force remains the same. This may be a technologically viable way to reduce friction and wear in microscopic contacts.


This paper shows that: (1) the mean residual life (MRL) of a component has an upside-down bathtub-shape if the component has a bathtub-shape failure-rate function, but the converse does not hold; and (2) there is an optimal burn-in policy to maximize the MRL when the underlying lifetime distribution has a bathtub-shape failure rate. >


protection system of a motor vehicle (3) equipped with an engine comprising: a remote server (7) for transmitting a server enable command (103); -a operation control system (1) of the engine; -means (2) for unlocking operation of the engine control system; and -means of communication (6) fitted to the vehicle configured to receive said server enable command (103) and communicate with the unlocking means (2). The remote server (7) is configured to transmit the order for authorization (103) only if it receives a message (102) comprising a first identification means (9) for identifying the user (8) and a second means (10) identification to identify a vehicle (3) and the vehicle (3) identified by the second identifying means (10) is attributable to the user (8) identified by the first identification means ( 9).


The preparation is a unique technological process. Fresh sweet potato as material is shredded in shredding machine to shreds with 1-1.5 mm square cross-section, and the shreds are processed through first high humidity and then low humidity treatment in microwave oven, drying and cooling, ultrafine treatment in crusher, and vibrating sieve treatment into product. The said preparation process has the advantages of less investment, large output, low production cost and high quality.


Examines why the public are becoming increasingly concerned about marketing practices and corporate responsibility. States that present and future marketing executives in Norway have investigated these issues – but even so they were just as critical on issues where their personal experiences as consumers seemed to have been evoked. Reports that a self‐administered questionnaire was completed by members of three groups: a business executive group; a college students group; and a group of first and second‐year high school students. Gives the results and discusses them in detail. Concludes that the research gives reason for some hope that in the future more initiative may come from sources within the industry itself.


AbstractBy means of the Erythrocyte-Unsaturated Fatty Acid (E-UFA) Test patients with equivocal or as yet inadequate symptoms or signs for a diagnosis of MS may be categorized as MS or non-MS. The test can eliminate "possible" cases from epidemiological and genetic studies of MS. It can be used for cases in the field demanding only at that phase minimal training in sterile defibrination of a 12 ml sample of blood and transfer to a sterile bottle. Tests may then be carried out up to thirty days later in base laboratory.Precautions must be taken that the test does work on known MS cases in any given locality with special dietary conditions.The key to success is adequately prepared glassware; absence of contact with all plastic no matter how lauded by the manufacturer; training in a standard procedure for an observer.


This work is a follow-up on Grunewald et al. (2009). In that previous work a two-scale approach was used to prove the logarithmic Sobolev inequality for a system of spins with xed mean whose potential is a bounded perturbation of a Gaussian, and to derive an abstract theorem for the convergence to the hydro- dynamic limit. This strategy was then successfully applied to Kawasaki dynamics. Here we shall use again this two-scale approach to show that the microscopic vari- able in such a model behaves according to a local Gibbs state. As a consequence, we shall prove the convergence of the microscopic entropy to the hydrodynamic entropy.


Abstract : This report describes a new method of classifying data vectors by involving a two- step process. First, a data-specific step produces a "distance" qualitatively describing the similarity of the vector under analysis to each vector in a database representing a particular class. Second, the evidence represented by the vector of statistically correlated "distances" is combined into an overall numerical confidence that the vector under test belongs to the same class as the database vectors. In addition, the supporting evidence is available in the form of the individual distances. This "all-neighbor" method has several advantages over competing formalisms such as neural networks or the k-nearest-neighbor classification method. It can deal with data vectors of varying dimension, as long as the distance measure is capable of comparing them in some fashion. Even more importantly, it can deal with distance vectors of varying dimension, a common situation when dealing with a heterogeneous reference database. It produces a numeric confidence rather than just a simple classification. Further, it uses all the information contained in the distance vector, and it facilitates adjustment of false alarm rates. The method is applied to several different data types to demonstrate its generality.


1. Principles of Statistical Mechanics. Microscopic states. Statistical treatment. The principle of equal weight and the microcanonical ensemble. The thermodynamic weight of a macroscopic state and entropy. Number of states and the density of states. Normal systems in statistical thermodynamics. Contact between two systems. Quasi-static adiabatic process. Equilibrium between two systems in contact. Fundamental laws of thermodynamics. The most probable state and fluctuations. Canonical distributions. Generalized canonical distributions. Partition functions and thermodynamic functions. Fermi-, Bose-, and Boltzmann- statistics. Generalized entropy. 2. Applications of the Canonical Distribution. General properties of the partition function Z( ). Asymptotic evaluations for large systems. Asymptotic evaluations and legendre transformations of thermodynamic functions. Grand partition function . Partition functions for generalized canonical distributions. Classical configurational partition functions. Density matrices. 3. Statistical Thermodynamics of Gases. Partition functions of ideal gases. Internal degrees of freedom and internal partition functions. Mixtures of ideal gases. Molecular interactions. Cluster expansion. 4. Applications of Fermi- and Bose- Statistics. Fundamental formulae of Fermi-statistics. Fermi distribution function. Electronic energy bands in crystals. Holes. Semiconductors. Bose-statistics, liquid Helium. 5. Strongly Interacting Systems. Molecular field approximation. Bragg-Williams approximation. Cooperative phenomena. Average potential in charged particle systems. Debye-Huckel theory. Distribution functions in a particle system. 6. Fluctuations and Kinetic Theories. Fluctuations. Collision frequency. Boltzmann transport equation. Index.


e15537 Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a biomarker that can define the risk of recurrence after curative-intent surgery for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, beyond the predictive power of postoperative ctDNA detection, the efficacy and potential limitations of ctDNA detection urgently need to be fully elucidated in a large cohort of CRC. Methods: We enrolled 309 patients with stages Ⅰ to Ⅳ CRC who underwent definitive surgery. Tumor tissues from those patients were sequenced by a custom-designed next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to identify somatic mutations, and plasma was analyzed using ctDNA-based molecular residual disease (MRD) assay which integrated tumor genotype–informed and tumor genotype–naïve ctDNA analysis. Results: ctDNA was detected after surgery in 5.4%, 13.8%, 15% and 30% of patients with stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease, respectively, and in 17.5% of all longitudinal samples. Detection of MRD after surgery and in serial plasma samples during follow-up were associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 13.17; P < 0.0001 and HR, 14.44; P < 0.0001, respectively) independent of tumor site, stage, and MSI status. Within the population, only 13 patients (6.6%) with longitudinal undetectable MRD recurred, resulting in a negative predictive value of 93.4%. Correspondingly, the positive predictive value of longitudinal detectable MRD was 79.6%, with a median lead time of 10.1 months. Further subgroup analyses revealed that adjuvant therapy did not confer a superior survival for patients with undetectable or detectable MRD. Moreover, lung-only and peritoneal metastases were less detectable by MRD. Conclusions: Postoperative ctDNA status is a strong predictor of recurrence independent of stage and MSI status. Longitudinal undetectable MRD could be used to define the potentially cured population in CRC patients undergoing curative-intent surgery.


Abstract : Fatal Accident Data was used to identify the major causes of fatalities resulting from the use of canoes, kayaks, and inflatable craft. Areas of potential safety enhancement were evaluated using the available data. PFD availability and wear appear to be areas that need to be further evaluated to develop safety programs to reduce the number of fatalities in canoes and inflatables. Increased vessel flotation appears to be a potential safety enhancement concept for canoes but not for inflatables. Data for kayaks was too limited to form any conclusions. (Author)


The spectroscopic properties of a series of 1-aminonaphthalenes were examined in the isolated gas phase by means of laser-induced fluorescence combined with supersonic beam techniques. The aminonaphthalenes differ with respect to the size of the amino group, 1AN (NH2), 1MAN (NHCH3), 1DMAN (N(CH3)2), or the presence of a second substituent in the 4-position:  4MDMAN (CH3) and 4ClDMAN (Cl). Whereas the fluorescence excitation spectra of 1AN and 1MAN show an intense 0−0 transition and a well-resolved vibrational pattern, that of the N,N-dimethylamino derivative 1DMAN displays a particularly complex structure, with a very weak origin and a sudden collapse of intensity at excitation energies above 1000 cm-1. A long low-frequency vibrational progression, which has been assigned to the torsional mode of the (N(CH3)2) around the C−N bond, clearly appears in the spectra of the 4-substituted derivatives. DFT calculations of the ground-state structure of 1DMAN and 4ClDMAN show that the dimethylamino group is twisted...


With the development of science and modern teaching method,there is a great opportunity for foreign language teaching.However,there were still existing problems: the input of foreign language teaching was not in proportion to the benefit and the number of post-graduates was not to the quality.This paper intended to probe into the existing problems in English leaching,analyze causes and put forward some suggestions for improving teaching and the quality of non-English major graduates in medical universities.


This book is a compilation of papers authored by academicians, practitioners, researchers who are the witnesses to increasing challenges in mitigating violence against children. Children are considered to be the backbone of human development. Violence against children is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which consists of all forms of physical, mental torture, injury, abuse, neglect, maltreatment and sexual abuse perpetrated on them. It is very evident that children experience certain forms of violence at their various stages of life. Global evidence suggests that girls and boys in certain contexts are more vulnerable to violence (UNICEF, 2017). For instance, vulnerability may be heightened for children living with disabilities, in institutional care and deprived of liberty; those living in extreme poverty, unaccompanied or separated from family; children on the move (migrants, refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced children); and children living with HIV, facing discrimination for their sexual orientation or gender identity, belonging to marginalized social or ethnic groups, and those living with other social and economic disadvantages. While individual factors that increase the risk of violence are clearly important, there is broad consensus in the field that violence prevention and response must not focus too narrowly on individual characteristics of victims and perpetrators rather the focus should be enlarged to give more attention to broader social, economic, normative and institutional environments in which children and adolescents live.


Heat-resisting polyimide-coated silver hollow glass waveguides have been fabricated for infrared medical laser light transmissions. The waveguides have inner diameters of 700 and 530 micrometers and the length of 1 m. The measurements of the guiding loss spectra show the low-loss property of the waveguides at the desired wavelengths. Moreover, Er:YAG laser light has been transmitted by the 700 micrometers -bore waveguide with the losses as low as 2.2 dB even when the waveguide is bent with a bending radius of 15 cm (180 degree(s)-bend).


Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the condition where fat accumulates in liver without significant ingestion of alcohol. NAFLD has become one of the most common liver conditions throughout the world. At the dawn of the history of NAFLD it was thought that NAFLD is disease of obese individual but lean patients are increasingly detected to have NAFLD. It seems that insulin resistance is central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In addition, oxidative stress and cytokines are important contributing factors, resulting in steatosis and progressive liver damage in genetically susceptible individuals. NAFLD varies considerably by ethnic group and Bangladeshi ethnicity is an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Prevalence of NAFLD in general population of Bangladesh is 4 - 18.4 %, which jumps up to 49.8% in diabetic patients. With the changes in socioeconomic condition and life style, aetiology of chronic liver disease is drifting from infectious to noninfectious diseases and the contribution of NAFLD is progressively increasing. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C have been the leading causes of mortality and morbidity from chronic liver disease in Bangladesh. But with increase in awareness and mass vaccination against HBV, prevalence of both the diseases has been decreasing in the country. The most alarming feature is that there is a high prevalence of NASH among the NAFLD patients. NAFLD is emerging as the largest contributor of chronic liver disease in Bangladesh. This warrants the attention of health policy makers and clinicians to explore this frontier and combat it from right now. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(4): 184-191


BACKGROUND:The fully human anti-MAdCAM monoclonal antibody PF-00547659 is being developed to treat inflammatory bowel disease. It interrupts the a4b7 integrin-MAdCAM-1 interaction, thereby selectively inhibiting leukocyte migration from the bloodstream into the intestinal wall but not the central nervous system METHODS:Patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (HBI >8 and hsCRP ≥5 mg/L or intestinal stoma and active disease on imaging or endoscopy) who failed prior treatment with anti-TNF and immunosuppressant (IS) agents underwent a lumbar puncture (LP) followed by 3 doses of 225 mg PF-00547659 at 4 week intervals. A 2nd LP was performed after the last dose and CSF analyzed by flow cytometry. Clinical Crohn's disease activity was measured throughout using the Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI). The efficacy outcomes of interest were the rate of response (decrease in HBI ≥3 points) and the rate of remission (HBI <5) at week 12 in evaluable patients. All the responders in the study were eligible for enrollment into an open label extension study with up to 19 months of treatment RESULTS:Forty-nine patients were enrolled (28 women, 21 men) in 8 European centers; mean (SD) age = 38.1 (11.8) yr, CD duration = 12.7 (6.2) yr, hsCRP = 16.3 (19.9) mg/L (Geometric mean hsCRP = 7.0). Fourteen patients had stomas and hence were not evaluable for HBI; 29 (59%) were seropositive for antibody to the JC virus. All had failed previous treatment with thiopurines (TP) and either infliximab and/or adalimumab. Twenty-six had also failed methotrexate (MTX). Ten patients (7 evaluable) were taking IS at study entry: 7 TP and 4 MTX (1 took both TP and MTX). As observed efficacy results are shown in the Table. At week 12, the geometric mean of hsCRP declined from baseline 7.0 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L (-16%). A full induction course of the highest clinical dose of PF-00547659 did not affect CSF lymphocytes while it resulted in increased circulating b7+ lymphocytes indicating that it is pharmacologically active. Overall good safety and tolerability was observed with low rates of adverse events. All subjects have completed study treatment and 4 subjects were in follow up at the time of the targeted data extraction. CONCLUSIONS:Selective inhibition of white blood cell translocation to the gut with PF-00547659 in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease and prior treatment with anti-TNF and IS drugs is associated with high rates of disease response and remission by week 12 in the open label TOSCA study. Administration was safe, and side effects were generally those seen in this population. The results of the TOSCA study support the gut selectivity and the CNS-sparing mechanism proposed for PF-00547659.


Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develops in the oral cavity, larynx, or hypopharynx and oropharynx. In accordance with incidence rate, it is reported as the sixth leading cancer worldwide [4]. It is likely that approximately 600,000 cases have been established worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate is only 40–50% in patients with HNSCC [5]. In a 5-year period, estimated new cases of head and neck cancer were 300,000 and approximately 145,000 deaths in 2012 and 702,000 predominant cases [6]. It was reported that two-thirds of the global incidence of oral cancer occurs in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). In that, half of those cases are in South Asia. In India alone, one-fifth of the population have head and neck cancer and one-fourth of all head and neck cancer demises [6]. Figure 1 illustrates the region of all head and neck cancers.


This study aims to compare the efficacies and recurrence rates following three self-treatment maneuvers, namely, the modified Epley maneuver (MEM), the modified Semont maneuver (MSM), and Brandt-Daroff maneuver (BDM), applied for posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV). One hundred sixtyeight patients were randomly divided into three groups treated with MEM (group 1:45 patients), MSM (group 2:43 patients), BDM (group 3:40 patients) respectively, and a fourth control (group 4:40 patients). Treatment efficacies for the four groups when treated for one week and for one month, as well as the recurrence rates after six months and the time needed for healing, were compared. The recovery rate of group 1 after one week (86.7%) was better than the rates of groups 2, 3, and 4 (53.5%, 35%, 15%, respectively) (χ2=49.092, P=0.000), and the recovery rate of group 1 (95.6%) after a month was only better than group 3, but not the other groups (70%) (χ2=8.42, P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that recovery time for group 1 was shorter than those for the other three groups (χ1,2=10.850, P=0.001; χ 2 1,3=25.779, P=0.000; χ 2 1,4=35.085, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rates among the four groups after six months (χ2=4.076, P=0.253). Logistic regression analysis showed that age and duration of disease before self-treatment were independent predictors of recurrence. MEM was more effective than MSM and BDM for patients with recurrence, but it could not reduce the recurrence rate.


Summary At Ukiriguru, in Western Tanzania, three levels of sulphate of ammonia were compared on natural pastures on hardpan soils. Yields of dry matter were substantially increased by nitrogen fertilizer and at high stocking rates the growth of cattle on different treatments followed fairly closely the amounts of dry matter available.


AIM: To investigate the effect of gender on the onset age of asthmatic patients. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was performed in 230 lifetime non-smoking asthmatic patients successively recruited into Department of Respiratory Medicine and Department of Pediatrics in our hospital from March to December in 2003. The patients were asked to answer questions including age, sex, the date of first onset of wheezing, existence of chronic cough and its persistence. RESULTS: In the 226 patients qualified for questionnaire, 89 patients (39%) showed chronic persistent cough before the first onset of wheezing, of whom the incidence of chronic cough in female asthmatic patients was significantly higher than that in male (47.4% vs 33.6%, χ~2= 4.38, P0.05). The asthmatic symptoms, including chronic cough and wheezing, occurred later in female (median=29 years old) than in male (median=13 years old). The younger in age the patients who suffered from chronic cough, the shorter the period of chronic cough before the first onset of wheezing (r_s= 0.60213 , P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: There is a significant age difference in the development of asthma between sexes. The sexual hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma.


By virtue of art. 396 paragraph 5 of the Criminal Procedure Code as related to art. 16 paragraph 1 letter c of the Criminal Procedure Code, the Appeal Court shall hereby acquit the defendant S.C. F. S.A. for the commitment of the crime relating to "unauthorized reproduction of computer programs on computation systems", which is stipulated under art. 139 index 9 of Law no. 8 / 1996, as republished. The Court shall hereby deny the civil action filed by the civil parties Microsoft Corporation and Autodesk Incorporates. Convicting the defendant S.C. F. S.A. cannot be done based upon suppositions and presumptions, instead it has to be based on certain and solid proof of guilt, which is missing within the present case file. The prosecutor's office has failed to conduct one complete and effective investigation within the meaning of collecting evidence able to prove, beyond reasonable doubt, the actual charges brought against the defendant. The Court, in the absence of any certain and material evidence regarding the installation and use of the 14 design program of "AUTOCAD" range, belonging to Autodesk Incorporated, and of one Windows 7 Ultimate program belonging to Microsoft Corporation, may not engage the criminal liability of the defendant S.C. F. S.A., and the acquittal solution issued by the court of first instance is legal and grounded.


I review basic forces on moduli that lead to their stabilization, for example in the supercritical and KKLT models of de Sitter space in string theory, as well as an AdS{sub 4} x S{sup 3} x S{sup 3} model I include which is not published elsewhere. These forces come from the classical dilaton tadpole in generic dimensionality, internal curvature, fluxes, and branes and orientifolds as well as non-perturbative effects. The resulting (A)dS solutions of string theory make detailed predictions for microphysical entropy, whose leading behavior we exhibit on the Coulomb branch of the system. Finally, I briefly review recent developments concerning the role of velocity-dependent effects in the dynamics of moduli. These lecture notes are based on material presented at various stages in the 1999 TASI, 2002 PiTP, 2003 TASI, and 2003 ISS schools.


The relationship between the Pacific islands and the region's 'bigger brothers' – Australia and New Zealand – is often seen in two-dimensional terms with the latter appearing to act in concert and in terms characterised by underlying neo-colonial attitudes and a determination to dominate the regional agenda. Given that both are former colonial powers with considerable political and economic resources and are the major aid donors in the region as well as being members of the powerful geopolitical entity known as 'the West', it is not difficult to sustain an image of neo-colonial dominance. But to do so also requires casting Pacific island countries in a certain role, not only lacking agency but also cohering around a common identity and set of interests. This article examines key aspects of regional relations as played out through the region's premier organisation, the Pacific Islands Forum, and assesses the extent to which a simple political divide between Australia and New Zealand on the one hand, and the island states on the other, can be maintained.


Background: traumatic brain injury is defined as any aggression that affects the skull or brain. Computed tomography (CT) of the head is the exam of choice for screening lesions in cases of traumatic brain injury. Objective: to evaluate the indication of head CT in patients with traumatic brain injury classified as mild treated in the emergency room of a referral hospital for trauma in Curitiba-PR. Methods: retrospective, descriptive, observational study, with analysis of secondary data from medical records. Medical records of patients with traumatic brain injury treated at the emergency room of "Hospital do Trabalhador" between January 1 and December


The invention discloses vertebral plate lower portion strutting movement apparatus. Two vertebral plate bottom hooks of a vertebral plate strutting part can hook vertebral plates of two joints of the spine on the inner side; the supporting point is close to the vertebral plate lower portion, and the apparatus is close to a facet joint; thus, the vertebral plate lower portion strutting movement apparatus is close to the physical activity axis of the spine, and the spine is closer to the activity range of the normal spine. The vertebral plate strutting part can strut the vertebral plates of the two joints of the spine to reduce pressure of the intervertebral disc and the facet joint, and therefore the protrusion, stenosis and degeneration of the intervertebral disc are treated, and the physiological curvature of the spine is recovered. A spinous process supporting part is provided with a gap and can abut against the spinous process of the two joints of the spine, a hypsokinesis movement space between the two spinous processes can be kept, and the strutting and movement action of the vertebral plate strutting part is guaranteed. By means of the vertebral plate lower portion strutting movement apparatus, major surgery is avoided, by supporting the vertical plates height, the compression pain of the nerve root can be relieved, the pressure of the intervertebral disc and the facet joint can be reduced, and instability and malformation caused by the protrusion, stenosis and degeneration of the intervertebral disc are treated.


Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most general type of diabetes. It usually occurs after age of 40 years. In India, the risk factors for diabetes are seen more frequently, and along with this, there is ignorance about diabetes mellitus and the lack of perception about this problem.

Objective: To study the prevalent risk factors (nonmodifiable and modifiable) of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to estimate strength of association of these risk factors and occurrence of the disease.

Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted at Endocrine and Diabetes Research Center and Tertiary-Care Hospital, Miraj. Maharashtra, India. Predesigned and pretested pro forma semi open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from cases and control subjects. A total of 300 type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and 600 control subjects were included in this study.

Result: About 54.33% of cases were observed in the age group of > 40–50 years. About 69.66% were male and 30.34% female cases. There was significant association between modifiable risk factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus, while nonmodifiable risk factors (age, gender) were not significantly associated.

Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of multifactorial causation.


Two series of highly soluble novel nitrogen- and sulfur-containing conjugated polymers were synthesized via an acid-induced self-polycondensation of functional monomers with methyl sulfinyl and aromatic groups. The well-defined structures of synthesized polymers were confirmed by their NMR and IR spectra. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy values for these materials, estimated by cyclic voltammetry, showed a broad range of values from about 5.0 to 5.2 eV used as hole-transport layers (HTL) in two-layer light-emitting diodes ITO/HTL/Alq(3)/Mg:Ag [ITO = indium tin oxide, and Alq(3) = tris(8-quinolinato) aluminum]. The typical turn-on voltage of these diodes was about 4-5 V. The maximum brightness of the device was about 3440 cd/m(2) at 20 V. The maximum efficiency was estimated to be 0.15 1m/W at 10 V.


The design and performance of single-device and balanced versions of (M)MIC GaAs FET frequency doublers from 18 GHz to 36 GHz, fabricated in purely coplanar waveguide techniques, are presented. Coplanar discontinuities which are usually neglected are taken into consideration in the analysis and design. Spiral inductors and their associated parasitic capacitance are used for impedance matching and phase shifting purposes. The simulation technique used to characterize the spiral inductors is described in detail. Measurement and simulation results show good agreement. The investigated hybrid doublers have a minimum conversion loss of 7 dB while a maximum conversion gain of 6B is predicted for the monolithic version of the doublers. They are fabricated on ceramic and gallium arsenide substrates and are simple, cost effective, and applicable in low and medium power transmitter/receiver systems. >


A series of carbamothioyl-furan-2-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized using a one-pot strategy. Compounds were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (56–85%). Synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their anti-cancer (HepG2, Huh-7, and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines) and anti-microbial potential. Compound p-tolylcarbamothioyl)furan-2-carboxamide showed the highest anti-cancer activity at a concentration of 20 μg/mL against hepatocellular carcinoma, with a cell viability of 33.29%. All compounds showed significant anti-cancer activity against HepG2, Huh-7, and MCF-7, while indazole and 2,4-dinitrophenyl containing carboxamide derivatives were found to be less potent against all tested cell lines. Results were compared with the standard drug doxorubicin. Carboxamide derivatives possessing 2,4-dinitrophenyl showed significant inhibition against all bacterial and fungal strains with inhibition zones (I.Z) in the range of 9–17 and MICs were found to be 150.7–295 μg/mL. All carboxamide derivatives showed significant anti-fungal activity against all tested fungal strains. Gentamicin was used as the standard drug. The results showed that carbamothioyl-furan-2-carboxamide derivatives could be a potential source of anti-cancer and anti-microbial agents.


Sleep state and an altered CO2 response have been implicated in the pathophyeiology of idiopathic apnea of prematurity and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. In order to examine the effect of sleep on CO2 sensitivity, the steady state ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 was determined in gestationally timed Macaca nemestrina at 7 and 21 days of age. Tidal volume (VT) and respiratory frequency (f) were measured in premature (gestational age = 143-150 days) and term (gestational age = 165-169 days) animals in the awake (Aw), REM and NREM states following CO2 inhalation. Sleep state was determined from simultaneous recordings of sleep electroencephalograms. Data presented is the slope of the ventilatory response, ±SE, cc/Kg.min mmHg PICO2 on day 7.There were no differences among the slopes of the CO2 response curves plotted against PICO2 or PaCO2 in the Aw, REM or NREM states in premature or term animals at postnatal ages 1 or 7 days. During CO2 breathing a large increase in VT and a small increase in f was observed in each state in both premature and term animals at each postnatal age. There were no differences in the %ΔVT/Kg. mmHg PICO2 or %Δf/Kg.mmHg PICO2 in REM compared to NREM sleep. Sleep state does not influence the CO2 sensitivity of the premature or term monkey between 1 and 3 weeks of age.


A model was developed to simulate germination of loblolly pine in nurseries. The model inputs included sowing depth, mulch type, amount of mulch, daily mean temperature, length of seed stratification period, seed quality (germination determined by a seed testing laboratory), and temperature used by the seed testing laboratory to determine seed quality. The model simulated daily germination as percent of the total number of seeds sown. Germination data observed by Boyer et al. (1987) in 1984 at Jake Stauffer Alabama Forestry Commission nursery near Opelika, Alabama, was used to test the model. The cumulative germination curve predicted by the model closely followed the observed data. An analysis of the model indicated that the predicted germination rate was more sensitive to the input values of sowing depth, length of seed stratification period, laboratory determined germination, and amount of mulch than to the other model input parameters.


Photobiomodulation, otherwise known as low‐level laser (or light) therapy, is an emerging modality for the management of hair loss. Several randomized trials have demonstrated that it is safe and potentially effective on its own or in combination with standard therapies. These devices come in many forms including wearable caps or helmets that afford hands‐free and discreet use. Models with light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are less expensive compared to laser‐based devices and do not require laser safety considerations, thus facilitating ease of home use. Limitations include cost of the unit, risk of information bias, and lack of standardized protocols. Finally, as with any hair loss treatment, patients' expectations with regards to therapeutic outcomes must be managed.


Learning in technology mediated learning environments is a complex process that varies across individual and group contexts. Complex learning environments that are mediated by technology require distinct concurrent methodologies that reveal when and where learning may occur. This paper describes the analysis of two technology-mediated problem-solving environments, one that uses concurrent methods to identify expertise, and the other that examines the influence of technology in a collaborative learning situation. The first example examines individual problem solving in the context of a stand-alone environment, BioWorld, whereas the second example examines the joint production of medical decisions with traditional and interactive whiteboard technology in a medical classroom. These examples demonstrate how concurrent methods add to our understanding of individual learning as well as the co-construction of knowledge in the context of clinical reasoning using technology.


Triphenylphosphin dicarbethoxy- or dicarbophenoxy-methylene react with p-nitro-phenylisocyanate at 110 °C under the elemination of triphenylphosphinoxide yielding the quinolones (2a-b). With toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate the tetrahydropyrroloquinoline carboxylic esters (3 a-b) are formed.


Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) based Side Channel Attack (SCA) is a popular modern cryptanalysis typically used by adversaries in embedded devices to break their secret keys. CPA uses the correlation between the power consumption of the cryptosystem and the computation performed to derive the secret key. Proposing countermeasures against such attacks require a testbed for implementation and verification. Although, a large number of such attacks and countermeasures are proposed in the literature, building of testbeds are still not presented properly. Therefore, researchers starting to work on CPA have to spend an enormous amount of time for building and debugging such testbeds. Also, a few testbeds presented in the literature have their limitations. In this paper, we present an A to Z guide for preparing a CPA testbed that also addresses the shortcomings of the existing testbeds in the literature.


Investigation of relaxation phenomena using two-pulse and three-pulse electron spin-echo technique was carried out on hydrogen- and gadolinium-doped single-crystal calcium fluoride. Measurements were made on calcium-fluoride crystals singly doped with ${\mathrm{H}}^{0}$ and ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ and doubly doped with both ${\mathrm{H}}^{0}$ as well as ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$. Echo decay functions and phase memory times were determined in the 1.2-2.2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K temperature range. The results are interpreted using existing theories of electron spin-echo decay. A discussion of the results and of deviations from theories is presented. Three-pulse spin-echo decay measurements are also used to determine the spinlattice relaxation time of spins in the $\frac{5}{2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}\frac{3}{2}{\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ cubic line in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$.


Two kinds of curved supermirror deveices were proposed for focusing of thermal and cold neutrons. One is a focusing mirror with multiple-parabolic surface (mPRB) for thermal neutorns of wavelength of 1.8A, and the other is with paraboloidal surface (PRB) for cold neutrons of 8.8A. The mPRB was constructed by thirty-two pieces of 3Qc Ni/Ti supermirrors deposited on Borate float glass of 150mm×100mm×0.4mm. The supermirrors were lined with parabolic wedge-shaped acrylic-resin spacers so that they were formed into four pieces of 1200mm long mirror and constituted 3 channels with parabolic shapes. It converged 3.3 times as many neutrons of 1.8A on the area of lmm width one-dimensionally as would arrive without it at T1-3 beam port (HERMES) in JRR-3M, JAERI. The amount of detected neutrons had good agreement with that expected by the Monte Carlo simulation. The PRB consisted of four pieces of quartz glass substrates with a quarter of a paraboloidal surface. The surfaces of these pieces were coated by 3Qc Ni/Ti supermirror, 1.5Qc Ni/Ti supermirror, Ni layer, and no material. It converged 6.9 times as many neutrons of 9.5A on the area of lmm2 two-dimensionally as would arrived without it at NOP beam port in JRR-3M, JAERI. The amount of detected neutrons was about 14% in comparison with what is expected by the Monte Carlo simulation.


The success of a software development project is associated not only with tools and technologies, but it also depends on how much the development process helps to be user-centered and developer-oriented. Involving customers in the process and being people-oriented, Extreme Programming (XP)– One of the popular agile methods – can be a choice for developing a usable system. The project under study is a multimedia streaming application for mobile phones that allows to make content-based search for audio and video content in large databases and play it on a mobile phone virtually anywhere, at any time. Our approach to application development focuses on the adoption of XP and User-Centered Design (UCD), emphasizing iterative user-interface development involving usability engineers and end-users. The paper describes the process of integrating XP with user-centered design and shows how an agile development technique facilitates to be user-oriented and at the same time preserves the social values of the development team.


The present work aims to investigate the textual and rhetorical functioning of Giordano Bruno's six Italian Dialogues, a corpus that includes six philosophical works in dialogical form written and published in London in the two-year period 1584-5: the Cena de le ceneri, the De la causa, principio et uno, the De l'infinito, universo e mondi, the Spaccio della bestia trionfante, the Cabala del cavallo pegaseo, con l'aggiunta dell'asino cillenico, the Eroici furori.
The work divide itself into three broad chapters, respectively, dedicated to the procedures of accumulation and repetition; to analogy, investigated moving between forms and themes; to strategies of figural complication of macrotext.
The instruments are those of traditional and twentieth-century rhetoric, including the theory of argumentation, but also of Italian linguistics and textual linguistics.
The research aims to bring new results in a still underdeveloped sector of Bruno's criticism, which is in itself very large. The investigation of forms and style allows for new contributions to the understanding of the author's philosophical thinking.


Morphology consists of inflection and word formation. In foreign language teaching it occurs mainly in the form of inflectional paradigms. While this is certainly an important part of mastering a foreign language, an adequate use of morphology, both inflection and word formation, can facilitate the acquisition of foreign language vocabulary. By applying word formation rules as a way to structure their knowledge, advanced learners can multiply their active vocabulary. A practical problem in using inflectional classes and word formation processes in vocabulary teaching is that the information required to devise exercises is not readily available. In a dictionary, it is not possible to get an overview of word formation relationships or classes of words belonging to the same inflectional class. The nature of word formation processes even makes it impossible in principle to fully cover them in a printed dictionary without creating a lot of redundancy. An electronic dictionary does not automatically solve the problems involved, unless it is structured appropriately. In the Word Manager (WM) project morphological relationships have been taken as a starting point in the design of the lexicon. As a consequence, the lexicon is structured in terms of word formation and inflection rules, in such a way that complete and flexible access to the morphological processes and classes of a language is guaranteed. The full flexibility of WM lexicons requires that the entire system be installed locally. For a dedicated operational component, however, no such installation is necessary. It can be installed as an independently running program or be made available through the Internet. Two such applications (which are freely available) and their possible uses for teaching purposes are described.


Disks of collisionless particles are important models for certain galaxies and accretion disks in astrophysics. We present here a solution to the stationary axisymmetric Einstein equations which represents an infinitesimally thin dust disk consisting of two streams of particles circulating with constant angular velocity in opposite directions. These streams have the same density distribution but their relative density may vary continuously. In the limit of only one component of dust, we get the solution for the rigidly rotating dust disk previously given by Neugebauer and Meinel, in the limit of identical densities, the static disk of Morgan and Morgan is obtained. We discuss the Newtonian and the ultrarelativistic limit, the occurrence of ergospheres, and the regularity of the solution.


The lifetimes of the d/sup 3/..delta..(v'=4,5) levels of CO have been measured using a delayed coincidence technique. The lifetime for the /sup 3/..delta../sub 1/ subbands were found to be 9% shorter than the /sup 3/..delta../sub 2/ and /sup 3/..delta../sub 3/ subbands while none of the lifetimes showed the J dependence previously reported. The lifetimes of the /sup 3/..delta../sub 2,3/ subbands of the v'=4 and v'=5 levels were found to be 4.67 +- 0.33 ..mu..s and 4.02 +- 0.32 ..mu..s while the lifetimes of the /sup 3/..delta../sub 1/ subbands of the v'=4 and v'5 levels were found to be 4.27 +- 0.31 ..mu..s and 3.69 +- 0.34 ..mu..s, respectively. Long lived cascades with lifetimes of 16.1 +- 0.9 ..mu..s and 13.3 +- 1.1 ..mu..s were found to feed the v'=4 and v'=5 levels, respectively. Quenching cross sections and the (d..-->..X):(d..-->..a) branching ratio are given for v'=4,5 and discrepancies with previous works are discussed.


Anabaena, a filamentous cyanobacterium, is of developmental interest because, when deprived of Fixed nitrogen, it shows patterned differentiation of N2-frixing cells called heterocysts. To help elucidate its early responses to a decrease in nitrogen, we used a derivative of transposon TnS to generate transcriptional fusions of promoterless bacterial luciferase genes, luxAB, to the Anabaena genome. Genes that responded to removal of fixed nitrogen or to other environmental shifts by increased or decreased transcription were identified by monitoring the luminescence of colonies from transposon-generated libraries. The Tn5 derivative transposed in Anabaena at ca. 14 x 10-5 per cell and permitted high-resolution mapping of its position and orientation in the genome and facile cloning of contiguous genomic DNA. When deprived of fixed nitrogen, Anabaena initiates the differentiation of heterocysts at semiregular intervals along its filaments (1). Models of the mechanism of this pattern formation depend on the spatial relationship, if any, between the cells that differentiate and the cells that first sense nitrogen deprivation (2). To identify the latter cells, and because it is possible to localize transcription of specific genes to individual cells of a living filament (3), we sought to identify Anabaena genes that are activated rapidly in response to removal of fixed nitrogen. genes are inessential


ture are tied intimately to wildlife. At the turn of the century, the Supreme Court recognized that such components of the Native American subsistence life style as the right to fish "were not much less necessary to the existence of the Indians than the atmosphere they breathed." United States v. Winans, 198 U.S. 371, 381 (1905). Today, despite the prevailing industrial culture, wildlife still shapes tribal life for many American Indians. When it does, it can represent nothing less than the present and future livelihood and cultural identity of tribal members.


High power microwave (HPM) pulse compression is a main method to obtain high power microwave with non-relativistic devices. The mature HPM pulse compression systems are nearly all based on rectangular resonant cavity, and the pulse compression systems based on cylindrical resonant cavity are in progress. A new type pulse compression system based on cylindrical resonant cavity is proposed in this paper, and the structure of the system is different from those of all other HPM pulse compression systems ever reported. The structure and the numerical simulation results of the key parts are presented, and a preliminary analysis of the power capability of the system and the quality factor of the resonant cavity is also given. For a pulse compression system, the power capacity is a key factor for the output microwave pulse power, and the quality factor of the resonant cavity has a close relationship with the system energy efficiency. According to the experimental results, the pulse capacity of the pulse compression system based on cylindrical resonant cavity can be 10 times higher than that of the systems based on the rectangular resonant cavity, and the quality factor of the resonant cavity can be improved by a factor of 5.


Cox regression analysis can be considered a robust, easy and universal way to calculate the role of variables on outcome endpoints, such as survival, disease-free survival, and so on. The Cox model is a semiparametric approach based on the strong assumption that the effects of different variables on


22 Filed: Mar 13, 1998 A method and apparatus are disclosed for routing calls from (51) Int. Cl. ................................................ H04M 7700 a communication carrier network to a customer. According 52 U.S. Cl. .................. 379,220, 379,230: 379,207 to the method, setup signaling including a destination tele 58 Field of Search ..................................... 379,219, 220, phone number is received from the carrier network repre 379/221, 229, 230, 211 213 20 Sentative of a desired call connection. The destination tele s a-aa-Yu's a-----s a u-1-9 phone number and a carrier identifier are referred to a


The field distribution of a new type of TEM cell with a cross of unequal-length arms as the inner conductor is given here. The whole field of such a cell consists of a high-field region and a uniform field region, useful in many applications.


The synthesis of zeolite Ti-V-ZSM-5 containing double heteroatoms with silica sol as Si sources, titanium sulfate and vandium oxisulfate as the starting materials and tetrapropyl ammonium bromide(TPABr), 1, 6 -dihexamine(1, 6-HDA) and n -butyladrine as the templates, respectively was investigated for the first time in the absence of alkali-metal ions. Some physical and chemical properties and the structure of the product were characterized by using XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, IR, UV-Vis spectra.


SUMMARYIn the present paper it is attempted to highlight the benefits of role-playing if employed as an additional technique in the education of social workers, teachers, psychologists and members of associated professions. Certain doubts concerning the merits of the method are mentioned and uses-abuses are discussed. As regards the initiation of this technique into the working programme, it is advised to exert a certain caution; some examples of the acceleration of role-playing are given. Finally, our conclusions concerning the usefulness of the method are stated.


Objective: To compare the effectiveness of carbetocin versus oxytocin and ergometrine when administered after caesarean section for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).Patients and Methods: A prospective randomized observational study in the year 2014 was conducted on 200 women at term undergoing elective cesarean section under regional anesthesia. Women with pre term gestational age, diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease were excluded. Women were put into two groups : One group containing 100 women received I.V. carbetocin 100 microgram, while the other group which also contained 100 women received a combination of I.V. oxytocin 5 IU and I.M. Ergometrine 0.2mg after the delivery of the baby. The primary outcome measure: 1-Uterine tone and size were assessed by resting a hand on the fundus of uterus and palpating anterior wall of the uterus one hour after delivery, the presence of boggy uterus with either heavy vaginal bleeding or increasing uterine size is suspicious for uterine atony ; 2- Need of additional oxytocics. Secondary outcome measure: Blood loss and hemoglobin concentration were estimated.Results: There was a significant difference between both groups as regards uterine atony and need for additional oxytocics after delivery. On the other side, there was no significant association between both study groups as regards vaginal bleeding or HB estimation before and after operation or HB difference.Conclusion: Carbetocin is more potent long acting oxytocic with less need for other additional uterotonic drugs and less occurrence of uterine atony.


The invention relates to a portable electronic device comprising a first machine body and a second machine body which is connected with the first machine body. The first machine body comprises a discharge magnetic loudspeaker, the second machine body comprises a Hall sensor which controls the operation mode of the portable electronic device by sensing the action of a magnetic field of the discharge magnetic loudspeaker, and the action of the magnetic field of the discharge magnetic loudspeaker borne by the Hall sensor is changed along with the relative slide or closing of the first machine body and the second machine body. The invention arranges the discharge magnetic loudspeaker at the opposite position of the Hall sensor to replace a magnet to generate the magnetic field to complete thecontrol of the Hall sensor, saves the occupying space of the magnet acting with the Hall sensor in the portable electronic device and can decrease the volume of the portable electronic device.


Adhesive joints are extensively used in various manufacturing processes in different industrial sectors because of its high fatigue resistance. Different materials properties cause the singular stress field, whose intensity is depending on the adhesive joint geometry. Our previous studies show that debonding strength can be expressed as a constant value of the critical intensity of singular stress field (ISSF) by using two-dimensional butt joint models. By considering real specimen geometry, in this paper, the ISSFs on the interface outer edges of three-dimensional butt joints are analysed by varying the adhesive thicknesses. A mesh-independent technique combined with three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) is shown to evaluate the ISSF. The ISSF distributions on the interface outer edges are analysed in comparison with the previous two-dimensional results. It is found that the critical ISSF considered 3D geometry is almost constant independent of the adhesive thickness.


Abstract The present study investigated the pattern of locus of control beliefs among members of the Muria and Halba ethnic groups (N = 240) of Central India. Murias have a dormitory-type institution called Ghotul for cultural training that provides for intimate interaction between boys and girls, but the Halba have no such institution. The results indicated a significant interaction of culture, age group, and gender. Girls were found to be more internal than boys, and Muria girls became more internal with advancing age, whereas Halba girls showed the opposite trend.


The Iraq policies of National Housing have been working for a long time to develop the possible solutions to the problem of obtaining housing for all Iraq families. However, these policies have not achieved their objectives in the desired manner. The problem of housing in Iraq has become one of the most important problems facing urban development in this country. The study is based on a theoretical framework for housing, which adopts the most important economic and normative characteristics to be followed to achieve the development of the housing sector in Iraq to the cases of institutionalization, and through the four criteria: the size of the housing unit, the level of family income, the system of borrowing required, the ownership to achieve adequate housing for all levels of society that have shown willingness to cooperate and participate in reaching these goals.


A method for computation of the midcourse correction velocity for lunar impact trajectories is analyzed. Only the magnitude of the impact miss, but not the impact time, is considered for correction. The method introduced in 1959 by W. Kizner utilizes the impact parameter as the measure of the target miss. It is shown that this method has certain limitations. When applied for correction of trajectories intended to impact a material point in space, or for correction of lunar fly-by trajectories, this method performs flawlessly. It also performs reasonably well when applied on standard trajectories. However, it may become inadequate for a general type of impact trajectory. The reasons for that are found to be inherent in the nature of the method. Two kinds of deficiencies are determined due to the method: the possible incorrect magnitude of the computed midcourse correction velocity, and the nonuniqueness in relation between the target miss and the injection errors or midcourse correction velocity. A partial improvement of the method is proposed. Also another measure of the target miss which does not cause drawbacks and which is also used presently, however less frequently, is picked up and recommended.


The degradation and removal of aromatic hydrocarbon aniline,naphthalene and indene in the coking plant wastewater under anaerobic conditions were studied by constant temperature flask-shaking tests in the lab.The concentration of aniline,naphthalene and indene in supernatant,sludge under the anaerobic conditions was analyzed.The results indicate that aniline was mainly removed through biodegradation,however,the microorganism will need some time to adjust to its new environment.The removal path of naphthalene and indene was Absorption-degradation,naphthalene can be biodegraded in 48 h,and the Absorption of indene on the sludge was a physical one.It was reversible.


A sclerotinia rot was occurred on the stems of Obedient plant (Physostegia virginiaqna) grown in the exhibition field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Korea in 2002. The typical symptoms of the disease were that the infected leaves and stems, at first, became dark green, then watery and soft rotted, later, White fluffy mycelia formed on the lesion developed black sclerotia, later, Sclerotia formed on the plants and PDA medium were globose to cylindrical or irregular in shape and 1.0~10.31.0~8.4 mm in size. Aphothecia were cup-shape with numerous asci and 0.8~1.8 cm in diameter, Asci were cylindrical in shape and 84~2864.7~26.3 in size. Ascospores were one cell hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid in shape, and 7.6~12.83.4~6.2 in size. The optimum temperature far mycelial growth was . This is the first report on the sclerotinia rot of Physostegia virginiaqna caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Korea.


Cobalt ferrite is known as a promising magnetic material for various applications. This metal-ceramic composite (Cox2+Fe1−x2+Fe2O4) was synthesized via co-precipitation route, by varying the Co/Fe ratios (Co/Fe = 0.3, 0.2, and 0). The structures and magnetic properties of nano-composites were analyzed by XRD and VSM. As deduced from the XRD line broadening, the average crystallite size of the samples was found to be in the range of 13.0-15.0 nm and contain fcc structure with smaller lattice constant as the Co/Fe ratios increases. FESEM and TEM images revealed the morphology of the samples, which consist of irregular shapes of diameter in the range of 9.0-15.0 nm. Magnetic properties measurement shows that sample S11 with the highest Co/Fe ratio has the highest value of saturation magnetization (Ms) of 65.23 emu/g. On the other hand, increase in the concentration of cobalt ions improves the remanence magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) of the same sample to 12.18 emu/g and 238.92 Oe, respectively. It is...


Capillary optics have found broad research and industrial applications in X‐ray analytics. In the present paper, the use of mono‐ and polycapillary optics for X‐ray beam shaping at synchrotron beamlines and in combination with laboratory sources is described. In particular, a module for in situ XRD in SEMs is considered in detail and corresponding application examples are presented.


Activity recognition is a widely researched area with applications in health care, security and other domains. With each recognition system considering its own set of activities and sensors, it is difficult to compare the performance of these different systems and more importantly it makes the task of selecting an appropriate set of technologies and tools for recognizing an activity challenging. In this work-in-progress paper we attempt to characterize activities in terms of a complexity measure. We define activity complexity along three dimensions - sensing, computation and performance and illustrate different parameters that parameterize these dimensions. We look at grammars for representing activities and use grammar complexity as a measurement for activity complexity. Then we describe how these measurements can help evaluate the complexity of activities of daily living that are commonly considered by various researchers.


The integration of system compensation such as Series Compensator (SC) into the transmission line makes the coordination of directional overcurrent in a practical power system important and complex. This article presents an efficient variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based on Time-Varying Acceleration Coefficients (PSO-TVAC) for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) considering the integration of series compensation. Simulation results are compared to other methods to confirm the efficiency of the proposed variant PSO in solving the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relay in the presence of series compensation.


Here, a metamaterial based on symmetrical film stack possesses feature of low-loss and negative refractive index is proposed. Further, owing to the flexibility of proposed method of design, an index matched light absorber can be achieved.


It is a privilege, as well as a singular honor, for me to place Ronald L. Graham's name in nomination for the Presidency of the American Mathematical Society. Graham is one of the charismatic figures in contemporary mathematics, as well as the leading problem-solver of his generation. For the last twenty-five years, he has been the central figure in the development of discrete mathematics. His seminal work has led to the birth of at least three new branches of mathematics: Ramsey theory, computational geometry, and worst case analysis of multiprocessing algorithms (now sometimes referred to as "Graham type analysis.")


A California woman was 35-years-old when she delivered an infant with severe Down's syndrome and then sued all those involved with the prenatal care and alleged that both physicians were told the parents wanted all available testing because of a family history of birth defects. What's the verdict? Plus more cases.


This study aims to determine: (1) The differences in students' mathematical communication abilities by implementing Batak culture-oriented learning on problem-based learning (PBM-B3) and guided discovery (PT-B3) and (2) the interaction between learning models and students' gender towards students' mathematical communication abilities. This research is quasi-experimental. The population of this study was first-grade students of SMP Swasta Putri Cahaya 2018/2019 with a sample taken from class VII-1 treated with the PBM-B3 learning model and class VII-2 treated with PT-B3 learning model. Each class consists of 14 male students and 14 female students. The research instrument used was a test of students' mathematical communication abilities. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis (ANACOVA). Based on the research conducted, the results showed that: (1) There were differences in the students' mathematical communication abilities who were treated with the PBM-B3 and PT-B3 learning model after controlling the initial abilities of students. The interaction patterns of Dalihan Na Tolu found in the two learning models showed a positive effect on students' mathematical communication abilities because this interaction pattern is inherent in students which resulted in higher self-confidence in communicating ideas during problem-solving. (2) There was an interaction between the learning model and the gender of students on their mathematical communication abilities after controlling the initial abilities of students.


Mild airway acidification occurs in several airway diseases, including cystic fibrosis and asthma. However, the role of airway acidification in airway pathology is controversial. Here, we studied mucus secretion in piglets forty‐eight hours following an intra‐airway acid challenge. Airway submucosal glands of acid‐challenged piglets exhibited faulty submucosal gland secretion, with a retainment of mucin 5B (MUC5B) in the submucosal gland and decreased concentrations of MUC5B in lung lavage fluid following cholinergic stimulation. Concomitantly, intrapulmonary airways were obstructed with glycoprotein rich material under both basal and methacholine‐stimulated conditions. Blocking detection of acid with the diminazene aceturate, a small molecule that inhibits the acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC), partially restored submucosal gland function and mitigated acid‐induced airway obstruction. These findings suggest that transient airway acidification significantly impacts mucus secretion and highlight diminazene aceturate as an agent beneficial in alleviating some mucus defects.


Facial recognition as of biometric authentication used in the field of security, military, finance and daily use is become a trend or famous, because of its natural and not intrusive nature. Many methods for face recognition such as holistic learning, the use of local features, shallow learning and deep learning, some methods are susceptible to variations in pose change, illumination, expression and age variation. State of the art of face recognition today is a deep learning technique that delivers high accuracy. In this paper author replicate an face recognition using deep learning architecture called OpenFace Convolutional Neural Network. In this research author make variation on the size of image, color dept and age, and see how that factor impact on accuracy of face recognition in that architecture. As the result from the research, the accuracy of a model depends on the image size, color depth, and age variation, but in OpenFace CNN that recognition still provides fairly good accuracy when reducing the size of image and color depth, as long as the image can still be detected on the landmark facial, so the alignment process can be done on the face image.


Experimental data presented in this work are indicative of the existence of relaxation processes in α-titanium single crystals grown by the floating-zone method. The relaxation processes were studied immediately after the passage of the front of the β → α transformation. It is shown that the character of structural manifestations of these relaxation processes and their efficiency depend on the purity of the material and crystallographic orientation of the single crystals.


We theoretically investigate the spin injection in different ferromagnet/insulator/n-Si tunnel contacts by using the lattice non-equilibrium Green's function method. We find that the tunnel contacts with low-barrier materials such as TiO2 and Ta2O5 have far lower resistances than the conventional-barrier materials, resulting in a wider and attainable optimum parameters window for improving the spin-injection efficiency and magnetoresistance ratio of a vertical-spin metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor. Additionally, we find that the spin-asymmetry coefficient of the TiO2 tunnel contact has a negative value, while that of the Ta2O5 contact can be tuned between positive and negative values by changing the parameters.


Fire pattern is predicted to vary across an African savanna in accordance with spatial variation in rainfall through its effects on fuel production, vegetation type (on account of differences in fuel load and in flammability), and distribution of herbivores (because of their effects on fuel load). These predictions were examined for the 23 651-ha Mkuzi Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, based on a 37-year data set. Fire return period varied from no occurrence to a fire every 1.76 years. Approximately 75% of the reserve experienced a fire approximately every 5 years, 25% every 4.1–2.2 years and less than 1% every 2 years on average. Fire return period decreased in relation to an increase in mean annual rainfall. For terrestrial vegetation types, median fire return periods decreased with increasing herbaceous biomass, from forest that did not burn to grasslands that burnt every 2.64 years. Fire was absent from some permanent wetlands but seasonal wetlands burnt every 5.29 years. Grazer biomass above 0.5 animal units ha–1 had a limiting influence on the maximum fire frequency of fire-prone vegetation types. The primary determinant of long-term spatial fire patterns is thus fuel load as determined by mean rainfall, vegetation type, and the effects of grazing herbivores.


Augmented reality applications are beginning to change the way sports are broadcast, providing richer experiences and valuable insights to fans. The first step of augmented reality systems is camera calibration, possibly based on detecting the line markings of the field of play. Most existing proposals for line detection rely on edge detection and Hough transform, but optical distortion and extraneous edges cause inaccurate or spurious detections of line markings. We propose a novel strategy to automatically and accurately segment line markings based on a stochastic watershed transform that is robust to optical distortions, since it makes no assumptions about line straightness, and is unaffected by the presence of players or the ball in the field of play. Firstly, the playing field as a whole is segmented completely eliminating the stands and perimeter boards. Then the line markings are extracted. The strategy has been tested on a new and public database composed by 60 annotated images from matches in five stadiums. The results obtained have proven that the proposed segmentation algorithm allows successful and precise detection of most line mark pixels.


Quick-frozen dumpling has become the largest industry in the frozen food industry in China,but how to solve the deterioration of the dough in the low-temperature storage period is always a technical difficulties at home and abroad. The present study was to examine the effect of frozen storage time on the gluten hardness,toughness,firmness and sensory qualitiy of the dumpling dough sheets. Six different varieties of wheat flour were selected from 20 kinds of wheat in the experiments. The results showed that: the texture and sensory quality of the dumpling dough sheets made by the wheat flour with higher gluten index,longer dough stability time and larger swelling volume began to decline in 60 days,and the long time frozen storage had small effect on their final quality;while the texture and sensory quality of the dumpling dough sheets made by the wheat flour with lower gluten index,shorter stability time and smaller swelling volume were started to decline in 30 days and the longer frozen processing had more serious effect on their final quality,and it was not suitable for making dumpling dough sheets as raw material.


Background  Mucosal mast cells (MMCs), epithelial barrier function (EBF) and the enteric nervous system (ENS) are interactive factors in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. We characterized postinfectious EBF alterations in the Trichinella spiralis infection model of MMC‐dependent intestinal dysfunction in rats.


Bilingual teaching is a new demand to our high education on the background of economy globalization and educational internationalization. To implement bilingual teaching method in the teaching of private international law is demand of training of the legal talents with interdisciplinary. Because of lack of teachers and examine mechanism, maladjustment of textbooks, low of student's English level, the bilingual teaching of private international law exists many problems. Therefore,it is necessary to perfect teachers, students' quality, bilingual textbooks, teaching means, teaching modes etc.


We introduce a multiscale mathematical model for simulating ligand-receptor binding, dissociation and transport in blood circulation using a group of nonlinear differential equations. It is assumed that the biological interactions take place in capillaries, ligands bind and dissociate with receptors on the wall of capillary, and ligands are transported by blood stream. The blood stream in capillary is modeled as Newtonian laminar flow, and ligand transport is modeled by a general transport equation. A set of ordinary differential equations is used to describe the complex chemical kinetics due to binding and dissociation. The time-dependent solution of media flow is obtained using second order implicit Euler method to achieve high order time accuracy. The spatial distribution of ligands and receptors are obtained and visualized. Findings from this study have implications with regard to tumor growth and vascular diseases.


: The board is an integral element of governance, it has a major role in organization performance. Board composition influences reputation, governance, decision making and performance. The board should have gender diversity and leading to this study to investigate gender diversity in the boardroom and its effect on organization performance. Consistent women representation in boards remains low in most countries and gender diversity remains significant for change and performance. Low gender diversity has overwhelmed most boards and the genesis of this is the persistence of gender inequality years. Organizations perform better when gender diversity is embraced. Creating the conditions to unlock the full potential of women to achieve economic goals is still a complex challenging affair, they are still underrepresented in the boards. Gender diversity is a gender number game that needs to be unlocked, as its about the richness of the board as a whole, the combined contribution of a group of people that can bring change and make greatest contributions. However, full implementation of gender diversity in the boardroom will only come out if measures are taken to streamline the board appointment exercise. Gender diversity has a significant impact on organization performance, thus the need for change.


Bronchodilator therapy is central to the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are recommended as the preferred treatment by the Global Obstructive Lung Disease Initiative (GOLD). Long acting anti-muscarinics (LAMA) and long acting β2 agonists (LABA) are both more effective than regular short-acting drugs but many patients remain symptomatic despite monotherapy with these drugs. Combination therapy with LAMA and LABA increases the therapeutic benefit while minimizing dose-dependent side effects of long-acting bronchodilator therapy. The TOviTO programme has investigated the benefits of treatment with a combination of tiotropium and olodaterol administered via a single inhaler. Tiotropium+olodaterol 5/5 µg significantly improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) area under the curve from 0 to 3 hours, trough FEV1 health status and breathlessness versus the mono-components and placebo. Tiotropium+olodaterol 5/5 µg also increased endurance time and reduced dynamic hyperinflation during constant work rate cycle ergometry. On the basis of these and other studies the 2017 GOLD report recommends escalating to dual bronchodilator therapy in patients in groups B and C if they remain symptomatic or continue to have exacerbations and as initial therapy for patients in group D.


A Green's-function theory of Brillouin scattering in anisotropic, nonconducting crystals has been published by Nelson, Lazay, and Lax. Using the stationary-phase method they have obtained the dependence of the scattered far field on the principal curvatures of the $\ensuremath{\omega}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{K})$ surface. The dipole approximation used by the present author to calculate scattering cross sections in nonconducting, hexagonal crystals involves properties that depend only on the first derivatives of $\ensuremath{\omega}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{K})$. In this work we compare the two methods and give an explicit expression for the correction factor valid for an arbitrary optical anisotrophy. The correction for scattering from ${T}_{1}$ phonons in a plane containing the optic axis of CdS is discussed.


Surgeons often desire a volume visualization where a region of interest (vessels, tumor) is isolated and viewed with complete clarity in relation to neighboring landmarks. A method to fade the landmarks/ surrounding structures in relation to the region of interest is desired as it provides context and an appreciation of the surgical approach. Current methods for generating these visualizations are either cumbersome (clip--planes) or require significant preprocessing (segmentation). Transfer functions, which can provide this visualization, are limited to datasets where a relation between voxel intensities and structures exists.
 We present a powerful, easy-to-use method for exploring volumetric data by controlling visibility according to membership volumes. These membership volumes facilitate a plethora of effects that cannot be achieved using conventional classification methods such as transfer functions. The membership volumes allow assignment of optical properties based on a combination of spatial and intensity criteria. Various membership functions, ranging from analytical to distance map based are shown. Through the use of Boolean operations in pixel shaders, we demonstrate several examples of interactive real-time visualization using our method.


Clearly, in today's complex systems, hardware and software approaches to DFT must work together to achieve a successful overall solution. The authors investigate existing and new concepts that may lead to a single design for test strategy in the future.


A novel model of the Ψ particles is proposed assuming quarks exist only in three flavors (i.e. triplet). The Ψ particles are speculated to be the metastable states of a quark-antiquark system.


SUBTITLE: THROUGH ITS SEMINARS AND SPONSORSHIP OF RESEARCH, THE AOPA'S AIR SAFETY FOUNDATION HAS BEEN AT THE FOREFRONT OF AVIATION SAFETY FOR HALF A CENTURY.


Should Caltech's required curriculum in the first two undergraduate years, ordained of old, change with the times? Yes, say the current faculty.


Nonfat (0.5%), low fat (4%), reduced fat (6%), and full fat (9%) chocolate ice creams were made. Whey protein and polydextrose were added as required so that all formulations contained the same amount of total solids. Ice cream was stored at a control temperature of –30°C or was heat-shocked at –12°C. Hardness, viscosity, and melting rate were measured through physical methods. Trained panelists conducted descriptive sensory analyses of the samples at 0 and 4 wk. Attribute ratings were analyzed by analysis of variance and least significant difference mean separation. Milk fat at concentrations of 9 and 6% produced more creaminess and smoothness, as well as a less intense cocoa flavor, than it did at concentrations of 4 or 0.5%. Consumer acceptance (n = 98) did not differ among the fresh ice creams. Data showed that ice creams containing higher milk fat concentrations are better protected against heat shock damage in terms of cocoa flavor and smoothness of texture.


In assembly optimisation, Assembly Sequence Planning (ASP) and Assembly Line Balancing (ALB) optimisations currently performed in serial, present an opportunity for integration, allowing benefits such as larger search space leading to better solution quality, reduced error rate in planning and fast time-tomarket for a product. The literature survey highlights the research gaps, where the existing integrated ASP and ALB optimisation is limited to a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based approach, while Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) demonstrates better performance in individual ASP and ALB optimization compared to GA In addition, the existing works are limited to simple assembly line problems which run a homogeneous model on an assembly line. The aim of this research is to establish a methodology and algorithm for integrating ASP and ALB optimisation using Particle Swarm Optimisation. This research extends the problem type to integrated mixed-model ASP and ALB in order to generalize the problem. This research proposes Multi-Objective Discrete Particle Swarm Optimisation (MODPSO), to optimise integrated ASP and ALB. The MODPSO uses the Pareto-based approach to deal with the multi-objective problem and adopts a discrete procedure instead of standard mathematical operators to update its position and velocity. The MODPSO algorithm is tested with a wide range of problem difficulties for integrated single-model and mixed-model ASP and ALB problems. In order to supply sufficient test problems that cover a range of problem difficulties, a tuneable test problem generator is developed. Statistical tests on the algorithms' performance indicates that the proposed MODPSO algorithm presents significant improvement in terms of larger nondominated solution numbers in Pare't o optimal, compared to comparable algorithms including GA based algorithms in both single-model and mixedmodel ASP and ALB problems. The performance of the MODPSO algorithm is finally validated using artificial problems from the literature and real-world problems from assembly products.


The TIPC has been combined with a CCD Microcamera to produce a unique image acquisition and processing system which has applications in widely diverse areas. This is a fully integrated system which utilizes important features of each component, including the COD camera, the computer, the video digitizer/processor and the displays. The system is a complete solution for many applications, but can also be used as an integral component for more complex systems. The structure, operation and examples of applications of this digital image processing system will be discussed in this paper.


Super solution is a notion introduced to produce robust and stable solutions of combinatorial optimization and decision problems. We consider the [Formula: see text]-super solutions of random instances of [Formula: see text]-SAT, where a clause is satisfied if and only if there are at least two satisfied literals in this clause. By using an enhanced weighting scheme, we obtain better lower bounds that, if a random [Formula: see text]-CNF formula [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-unsatisfiable with probability tending to 1 as [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], respectively.


An adaptive modulation scheme is presented for multiuser orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems. The aim of the scheme is to minimize the total transmit power with a constraint on the transmission rate for users, assuming knowledge of the instantaneous channel gains for all users using a combined bit‐loading and subcarrier allocation algorithm. The subcarrier allocation algorithm identifies the appropriate assignment of subcarriers to the users, while the bit‐loading algorithm determines the number of bits given to each subcarrier. The proposed bit‐loading algorithm is derived from the geometric progression of the additional transmission power required by the subcarriers and the arithmetic‐geometric means inequality. This algorithm has a simple procedure and low computational complexity. A heuristic approach is also used for the subcarrier allocation algorithm, providing a trade‐off between complexity and performance. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms provide comparable performance with existing algorithms with low computational cost.


Digital intravenous subtraction angiography (DISA) has provided an additional method of imaging abdominal aortic aneurysms. DISA has the advantage of depicting an aneurysm in the same projection as standard arteriography but without the risks of arterial puncture and catheterization. With conventional angiography, the more constant focal spot-object-film distances both minimize magnification and reduce the variation among patients of differing size. However, with digital systems, the variations in height of the image intensifier and patient size result in wide differences in magnification. The authors have devised a simple technique to measure the size of aneurysms on digital images.


This paper studies the implementation method of the STEP-NC networked manufacturing platform and put forwards the conversion between EXPRESS and XML as well as the networked manufacturing method under the combination of STEP-NC and Internet.The conversion between STEP-NC and XML is implemented with Rose class library and DOM interface.Using the Windows Socket programming technology we realize the network transmitting of STEP-NC program which is written by XML.The programming flow of the conversion between STEP-NC and XML is designed and the networked manufacturing platform of STEP-NC program is designed with the help of existing NC machine tool.STEP-NC is a new NC programming interface standard and is an extension of STEP in NC field.STEP-NC combined with the XML Language,implementing product information integration and shared between separate corporations on Web,information can be shared and communion under long-distance,heterogeneity and different construct environment.


There has long been a debate concerning whether the technical division of labour should be structured around the individual or the group. With the developing of lean production and other forms of work organization under advanced manufacturing, teamworking has emerged as a central focus of redesigning production. However, considerable conceptual confusion remains, as well as sharply opposed models drawing on Japanese and Northern European traditions. Provides a framework for understanding the potentially different configurations of teamworking by distinguishing between technical, governance and normative dimensions. Explores these in the context of evidence from case studies of Volvo truck plants in Sweden. The variations observed in different production environments emphasize the point that there is no authentic, linear tradition, or undifferentiated package in theory or in practice.


This paper examines how features of the task environment interact with task knowledge to affect auditors' generation of financial reporting alternatives. We study this issue in a setting in which an audit client proposes an aggressive financial reporting alternative for a complex revenue‐recognition issue. Companies' aggressiveness in financial reporting is an important contemporary topic (e.g., Levitt 1999, 2000). For auditors, aggressive financial reporting increases litigation exposure (e.g., Palmrose and Scholz 2001) and attracts regulatory attention (e.g., Public Oversight Board 2000; Securities and Exchange Commission 1999). By proposing less aggressive financial reporting alternatives, auditors increase the likelihood that clients will report less aggressively, thereby reducing auditors' risks of litigation and regulatory exposure. We study the effects of two common features of auditors' task environment (the level of engagement risk and the availability of previously generated alternatives) on fin...


V Rajaraman is at the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru. Several generations of scientists and engineers in India have learnt computer science using his lucidly written textbooks on programming and computer fundamentals. His current research interests are parallel computing and history of computing. In Part 1 of this series of articles, I defined what is meant by a breakthrough in ICT and listed fourteen breakthroughs in chronological order. Subsequently, nine breakthroughs were detailed in Parts 1 and 2. In this concluding part, I describe the last five breakthroughs: search engines, digitization and compression, mobile computers, cloud computing, and deep learning.


Abstract: In this work, a new spatial discretization scheme for flows governed by the hyperbolic conservation laws is proposed. The spatial discretization involves the concept of classical particle velocity upwinding (PVU) for the convective flux term in the hyperbolic conservation laws. The novelty of the approach lies in the use of the fluid particle velocity or the entropy wave speed at the cell interface to ascertain the upwind direction. The cell face convective fluxes are obtained from a first order or a second order upwind biased interpolation, depending on whether the cell under consideration lies in the vicinity of a discontinuity or in a region of steep gradients in the solution. The discontinuities or regions of steep gradients are detected by employing a smoothness indicator function as employed in some of the earlier studies. The proposed spatial discretization strategy has been combined with a two step, second order explicit time integration strategy for the application to the solution of the unsteady Euler/Navier-Stokes equations in the strong conservation form. Test cases involving two 1-D Riemann problems, three 2-D inviscid supersonic flow problems and a 2-D viscous supersonic flow problem, have been employed to establish the validity of the procedure and to assess the performance of the proposed strategy. The proposed PVU scheme performs quite favorably in comparison to conventional schemes. From the point of view of implementation, particularly in multidimensional scenarios, this strategy offers a good balance of accuracy and simplicity.


Background: Head and neck cancer is the most common malignancy in Sindh, Pakistan. The type of cancer can be observed in the oral cavity, lips, buccal mucosa, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, the floor of the mouth and hard palate in Sindh. Objectives: The present study was conducted at the Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute Nawabshah (NORIN), Sindh, with the objective of reviewing descriptive epidemiological characteristics and incidence of head and neck cancer in this rural area. Methods: Inthisstudy,wedividedheadandneckcancerpatientsaccordingtotheirgender,age,districts,tumorlocation,probable causative agents, and stage of cancer when they had been admitted to the Radiotherapy Department of NORIN. Results: Intotal,1,030patientswereregisteredduringthestudyperiodfromJanuary2012toDecember2016,comprising56% males and44% females. Themostcommonsiteof theheadandnecktumorswastheoralcavity(58%),followedbythetongue,tonsil,floor of themouth,gum,hardpalate,softpalate,andlips. Othersitesof headandneckcancerwerehypo-pharynx,nasopharynx,salivary gland, parotid gland, oral-pharynx, and lyrnx. Most patients came in NORIN at stage III and stage IV of their disease and most of them were at the age of 40 - 85 years. Most patients were the residents of Nawabshah and neighboring districts. Conclusions: Headandneckmalignancywasthemostcommontypeof cancerregisteredinNORINinthelastfiveyears. Becauseof the lack of awareness, education, and diagnostic facilities, most patients start cancer treatment at later stages of the disease, which makes it very difficult to cure. Smoking and the use of alcohol, Gutka, Supari, Naswar, Man-Pori, etc., are the main causes of head and neck cancer.


The aim of the study was to determine the ethnotheories and maternal feeding practices during the first two years of life in Kini, Yucatan. Feed surveys and ethnographic interviews with mothers and grandmothers, and a semi-structured interview to the local clinic nutritionist were applied. Our results show that 90 % initiated breastfeeding, 82.8 %, introduced liquid foods and 53.8 % introduced solids before six months because of medical advice or perceived insufficient milk. Most were breast fed during illness. The fear of contagion and use of drugs were reasons to stop breastfeeding. The lack of milk was attributed to poor diet, lack of mother-infant contact, ingestion of drugs and exposure to cold air. The recommendations of the dietitian did not follow international guidelines, advising instead to discontinue nursing at the start of complementary feeding. The grandmothers recommended maternal and child care practices similar to those reported since 1930 and reflect the Mesoamerican hot-cold classification. The care practices are designed to ensure the production of milk in the new mother. Our results suggest the need to integrate local knowledge to medical education and include other family members, especially grandmothers, to programs of health education and nutrition.


This article explores how visual impairment might impact on early social and emotional development including self-awareness and communication with others. Some children show a 'developmental setback' and other worrying developmental trajectories in the early years, including autistic related behaviours and autistic spectrum disorders. Research is beginning to reveal the risk factors and most vulnerable processes in the early years, including in social communication, joint attention and joint referencing. The new Developmental Journal for Visually Impaired Babies and Children draws on the research to date and provides a new framework for early intervention and habilitation.


The step of contacting under conditions in which a mixture of the a second olefin in a back mixing reactor zone continuously supplied with branched oligomers and branched oligomer formation-method of manufacturing a relatively inexpensive availability fluid is ethylene and coordinating the insertion catalyst and, optionally, alpha It includes. Second branched oligomers have an average of at least 1.5 of the methine carbon, and 1000 total at least 40 methine carbon per carbon per oligomer molecule, at least 40% of the methine carbon is derived from ethylene, and the average per molecule, the number of carbon atoms is from 25 to 100 and , at least 25% of said second branched oligomer molecules can be isolated from a branched oligomer having a vinyl group with an average carbon number of up to 20 per molecule. Coordination insertion catalyst is characterized by having the kinetic chain length of up to 20 of the ethylene / octene and a non-reactive, up to 20 monomer units.


An efficient synthesis of diheteroaryl sulphides has been achieved by visible light photocatalyzed reaction of heteroaryl thiols and heteroaryl amines via in situ diazotization of heteroaryl amines with t-BuONO under LED light irradiation at room temperature. A library of functionalized diheteroaryl sulphides are obtained by using this protocol. This procedure is also effective for the synthesis of heteroaryl – aryl and heteroaryl – alkyl sulphides. The reaction avoids the use of transition metal catalysts, additives and strong acidic reaction medium.


With many changes in social environments like a decrease in labor hours, tourism types is changed. changing social environments can cause a people's interests about tourism change, too. the Korea is facing various difficulties that have to meet the demand about leisure and cultural activities. Accordingly, the Han River, and using resources in close proximity with leisure facilities and activities should be developed. In addition, the meeting of rivers and land areas has enormous potential as a tourist spot. but the Han Liver can not perform a proper role. because that is the lack of amenities and monotonous landscape. therefore, It is expected that development of recreational facilities in the Han River will help the activation of recreational culture in the future. This study goal is to review the potential of the water activities and intend to evaluate. This study will make a activate of aquatic leisure activities in the Han River through a new recreational aquatic facility called marina.


In this report, we explain and analyze a trading strategy, popularly known as Pairs trading. We begin by explaining what a pair trading strategy entails. Since there are various ways of implementing the strategy, we describe the methodology selected by us in section 3. Thereafter, we look at the returns from the strategy and benchmark it to the S&P 500 index in Section 4. In section 5, we examine the risks involved in pairs trading. Section 6 looks at some of the limitations we faced while trading and Section 7 points out some mistakes we made. Finally, we discuss some risk control measures in Section 8 and conclude in Section 9 with comments on whether we would implement the strategy in real life and if so, with what changes.


In local cities with only at-grade intersections, network-wide traffic congestion can often be traced to the oversaturation of one single intersection, typically, the junction of two higher-volume roads with minimal capacity constraint along their routes until they intersect each other. The sudden drop in throughput capacity at the junction creates queues extending to nearby upstream intersections, blocking those side streets and forcing some drivers to change routes. As the congested area expands, this dynamic phenomenon eventually paralyzes the surrounding street network. For recurring congestion of this type, implementing a solution that can unclog the congestion at the critical intersection alone can restore the entire network to a healthy state of traffic operation and safety. This paper presents one such solution by testing the effect of replacing an existing All-Way-Stop-Control intersection, which sits on the essential passage routes of both East-West and North-South traffic, with a high-capacity mini-roundabout. The analysis showed that this improvement can lift the level of service of 2/3 of the network intersections from the current D, E, or F during the afternoon peak period, to the projected level of service of A or B, thus solving a network-wide traffic congestion problem by improving only one critical intersection. The problem described in this paper is representative to many cities, thus the presented solution can also be considered representative and applied in that context.